Jōyō KanjiOrganized by School Gradeand Sorted by Frequency of Use

kanji

居

Meaning

Reside, Be

Reading

Parts

尸Corpse 古Old

Handwriting

Example Word

同居: cohabitation. The Japanese verbal noun '同居 (どうきょ)' refers to the act of living together, typically in the same household. It is often used to describe situations where multiple people, such as family members, roommates, or partners, share a living space. This term can also imply a sense of coexistence or shared living arrangements. For example: My grandparents live with us「祖父母が同居している」(そふぼがどうきょしている). They decided to cohabitate after getting married「結婚後に同居することにした」(けっこんごにどうきょすることにした). The word can also be used in broader contexts, such as describing the coexistence of different species or ideas.

kanji

眼

Meaning

Eyeball

Reading

Parts

目Eye 艮Stopping

Handwriting

Example Word

近眼: nearsightedness. The Japanese noun '近眼 (きんがん)' refers to the condition of being nearsighted, meaning one can see nearby objects clearly but distant objects appear blurry. It is commonly used in medical or everyday contexts to describe vision impairment. For example: I have nearsightedness「私は近眼です」(わたしはきんがんです). Nearsightedness makes it hard to see far away「近眼だと遠くが見えにくい」(きんがんだととおくがみえにくい). This term is often used in discussions about eye health or when describing someone's vision.

kanji

現

Meaning

Appear, Current

Reading

Parts

王King 見See

Handwriting

Example Word

現実: reality. The Japanese noun '現実 (げんじつ)' means 'reality'. It refers to the state of things as they actually exist, as opposed to an idealistic or notional idea of them. This word is often used in philosophical discussions, everyday conversations, and literature to contrast with concepts like dreams, illusions, or expectations. For example: He faced reality「彼は現実に直面した」(かれはげんじつにちょくめんした). The reality is harsh「現実は厳しい」(げんじつはきびしい). It's important to note that '現実' can be used in various contexts, from personal experiences to broader societal observations.

kanji

情

Meaning

Feeling, Emotion

Reading

Parts

忄 青Blue

Handwriting

Example Word

感情: emotion. The Japanese noun '感情 (かんじょう)' refers to 'emotion' or 'feeling'. It is used to describe the complex psychological states that arise from one's circumstances, mood, or relationships with others. This word is commonly used in both everyday conversation and formal contexts. For example: She couldn't hide her emotions「彼女は感情を隠せなかった」(かのじょはかんじょうをかくせなかった). His emotions were written all over his face「彼の感情は顔に表れていた」(かれのかんじょうはかおにあらわれていた). The word can also be used in compound phrases like '感情表現 (かんじょうひょうげん)' (emotional expression) or '感情移入 (かんじょういにゅう)' (empathy).

kanji

性

Meaning

Gender, Sex

Reading

Parts

忄 生Life

Handwriting

Example Word

性: gender or nature. The Japanese noun '性 (せい)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'gender', referring to the classification of being male or female. For example: gender equality「性の平等」(せいのびょうどう). The second meaning is 'nature', referring to the inherent characteristics or essence of something. For example: human nature「人間の性」(にんげんのせい). This word is often used in compound nouns to specify a particular type of nature or gender. It is important to distinguish between these two meanings based on the context in which the word is used.

kanji

義

Meaning

Righteousness

Reading

Parts

羊Sheep 我Self, Ego

Handwriting

Example Word

資本主義: capitalism. The Japanese noun '資本主義 (しほんしゅぎ)' refers to the economic system known as 'capitalism'. This system is characterized by private ownership of the means of production and the creation of goods or services for profit in a competitive market. It is a fundamental concept in economics and political science. Example sentences include: Capitalism drives innovation「資本主義は革新を促進する」(しほんしゅぎはかくしんをそくしんする). Many countries operate under capitalism「多くの国が資本主義の下で運営されている」(おおくのくにがしほんしゅぎのもとでうんえいされている).

kanji

解

Meaning

Solve, Untie

Reading

Parts

角Corner, Angle 刀Sword 牛Cow

Handwriting

Example Word

解明: clarification. The Japanese noun '解明 (かいめい)' refers to the act of clarifying or elucidating something, often used in contexts where a mystery, problem, or complex situation is being resolved or explained. It is commonly used in academic, scientific, or investigative settings. For example: The clarification of the mystery was achieved「その謎の解明がなされた」(そのなぞのかいめいがなされた). Researchers are working on the clarification of the phenomenon「研究者たちはその現象の解明に取り組んでいる」(けんきゅうしゃたちはそのげんしょうのかいめいにとりくんでいる). The word emphasizes the process of uncovering or making something clear that was previously unknown or misunderstood.

kanji

常

Meaning

Usual, Normal

Reading

Parts

尚Still, Esteem 巾Towel

Handwriting

Example Word

常識: commonsense. The Japanese noun '常識 (じょうしき)' refers to 'commonsense' or 'general knowledge'. It describes the basic understanding or awareness that is commonly shared by people in a society. This term is often used to refer to what is considered normal or expected behavior in a given context. For example: He lacks commonsense「彼は常識がない」(かれはじょうしきがない). It's common sense to be polite「礼儀正しくするのは常識だ」(れいぎただしくするのはじょうしきだ). The word can also imply societal norms or shared values, and it is frequently used in discussions about cultural expectations or social behavior.

kanji

過

Meaning

Exceed, Error

Reading

Parts

⻌Walk 咼

Handwriting

Example Word

過労: overwork. The Japanese noun '過労 (かろう)' refers to the state of being overworked or suffering from excessive fatigue due to prolonged work. It is often used in contexts related to health, workplace stress, or labor issues. For example: He collapsed from overwork「彼は過労で倒れた」(かれはかろうでたおれた). Overwork can lead to serious health problems「過労は深刻な健康問題を引き起こすことがある」(かろうはしんこくなけんこうもんだいをひきおこすことがある). This term is commonly associated with discussions about work-life balance and the negative effects of excessive working hours.

kanji

在

Meaning

Be, Exist

Reading

Handwriting

Example Word

不在: absence. The Japanese noun '不在 (ふざい)' means 'absence'. It refers to the state of someone or something not being present in a particular place or situation. This word is often used in contexts where someone is not at home, work, or an event. For example: His absence was noticed「彼の不在が目立った」(かれのふざいがめだった). The absence of evidence is not evidence of absence「証拠の不在は不在の証拠ではない」(しょうこのふざいはふざいのしょうこではない). It can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as the absence of emotion or thought.

kanji

張

Meaning

Spread, Stretch

Reading

Parts

弓Bow 長Long, Leader

Handwriting

Example Word

威張る: boast. The Japanese verb '威張る (いばる)' means 'to boast' or 'to act arrogantly'. It is used to describe someone who is showing off or behaving in a self-important manner. This verb often carries a negative connotation, implying that the person is being overly proud or domineering. For example: he boasts about his success「彼は成功を威張る」(かれはせいこうをいばる). She acts arrogantly in front of others「彼女は他人の前で威張る」(かのじょはたにんのまえでいばる). The verb can also be used to describe someone who is trying to assert dominance or authority in a way that is seen as unnecessary or excessive.

kanji

余

Meaning

Excess

Reading

Parts

亼 朩

Handwriting

Example Word

余地: room or margin. The Japanese noun '余地 (よち)' refers to 'room' or 'margin' in the sense of space, time, or possibility for something to happen or be done. It is often used to indicate that there is still space or opportunity for further action, thought, or development. For example: There is no room for doubt「疑う余地はない」(うたがうよちはない). We have some margin for negotiation「交渉の余地がある」(こうしょうのよちがある). The word can also imply flexibility or leeway in a situation, as in 'There is room for improvement'「改善の余地がある」(かいぜんのよちがある).

kanji

可

Meaning

Possible

Reading

Parts

丁Street 口Mouth

Handwriting

Example Word

許可: permission. The Japanese verbal noun '許可 (きょか)' means 'permission'. It refers to the act of allowing someone to do something or granting approval for an action. This word is commonly used in formal or official contexts, such as requesting permission from authorities or superiors. For example: I need permission to enter「入る許可が必要です」(はいるきょかがひつようです). Did you get permission to leave early?「早退の許可をもらいましたか？」(そうたいのきょかをもらいましたか？). It can also be used in everyday situations, such as asking for permission to borrow something: Can I have permission to use your pen?「あなたのペンを使う許可をもらえますか？」(あなたのペンをつかうきょかをもらえますか？).

kanji

師

Meaning

Master, Expert

Reading

Handwriting

Example Word

医師: doctor. The Japanese noun '医師 (いし)' refers to a medical doctor, specifically someone who is licensed to practice medicine. This term is formal and is often used in professional or official contexts. It is distinct from more casual terms like 'お医者さん (おいしゃさん)', which is also used to refer to a doctor but in a more conversational or friendly tone. Example sentences: The doctor examined the patient「医師は患者を診察した」(いしはかんじゃをしんさつした). She became a doctor「彼女は医師になった」(かのじょはいしになった). Note that '医師' is typically used in written or formal speech, while 'お医者さん' is more common in everyday conversation.

kanji

寄

Meaning

Draw near

Reading

Parts

宀Roof 奇Strange, Unusual

Handwriting

Example Word

寄付: donation. The Japanese noun '寄付 (きふ)' means 'donation'. It refers to the act of giving money, goods, or services to a person or organization in need, often for charitable purposes. This word is commonly used in contexts related to charity, fundraising, and community support. For example: I made a donation to the hospital「病院に寄付をしました」(びょういんにきふをしました). The school received a large donation「学校は大きな寄付を受け取りました」(がっこうはおおきなきふをうけとりました). It's important to note that '寄付' can also refer to the act of contributing to a cause or project, not just monetary donations.

kanji

経

Meaning

Manage, Elapse

Reading

Parts

糸Thread 圣Holy

Handwriting

Example Word

経験: experience. The Japanese verbal noun '経験 (けいけん)' refers to 'experience', encompassing both the knowledge and skills acquired through direct involvement in events or activities. It is commonly used to describe personal or professional experiences. For example: I have experience in teaching「私は教える経験があります」(わたしはおしえるけいけんがあります). He gained valuable experience from the internship「彼はインターンシップから貴重な経験を得ました」(かれはインターンシップからきちょうなけいけんをえました). This term is versatile and can be applied in various contexts, such as work, life, or specific activities.

kanji

程

Meaning

Order, Extent

Reading

Parts

禾Cereal 呈Display, Present

Handwriting

Example Word

余程: considerably or very. The Japanese adverb '余程 (よほど)' is used to express a high degree or extent of something, often implying that the situation is unusual or noteworthy. It can be translated as 'very' or 'considerably' and is often used in contexts where the speaker is emphasizing how much something stands out or differs from the norm. For example: He must be very tired「彼は余程疲れているのだろう」(かれはよほどつかれているのだろう). It must have been considerably cold「余程寒かったのだろう」(よほどさむかったのだろう). The word can also carry a nuance of surprise or emphasis, suggesting that the degree of something is beyond what is typical or expected.

kanji

術

Meaning

Art, Technique

Reading

Parts

行Go 朮

Handwriting

Example Word

術: art or technique. The Japanese noun '術 (じゅつ)' refers to a skill, art, or technique, often implying a specialized or refined method. It is commonly used in contexts related to traditional arts, martial arts, or any field requiring expertise. For example: the art of negotiation「交渉の術」(こうしょうのじゅつ). He mastered the technique「彼はその術を極めた」(かれはそのじゅつをきわめた). The word can also imply a strategic or clever approach, as in 'the art of deception'「欺く術」(あざむくじゅつ).

kanji

衛

Meaning

Protect, Defense

Reading

Parts

行Go 韋

Handwriting

Example Word

自衛隊: Self Defense Forces. The Japanese noun '自衛隊 (じえいたい)' refers to the 'Self-Defense Forces' of Japan, which is the country's military organization. Established after World War II, the Self-Defense Forces are primarily responsible for national defense and disaster relief operations. The term is often used in discussions about Japan's defense policies, international military cooperation, and domestic emergency responses. Example sentences: The Self-Defense Forces conducted a rescue operation「自衛隊が救助活動を行った」(じえいたいがきゅうじょかつどうをおこなった). He joined the Self-Defense Forces「彼は自衛隊に入隊した」(かれはじえいたいににゅうたいした).

kanji

非

Meaning

Mistake, Negative

Reading

Handwriting

Example Word

非常識: unreasonable. The Japanese adjectival noun '非常識 (ひじょうしき)' means 'unreasonable' or 'lacking common sense'. It is used to describe actions, behaviors, or ideas that are considered illogical, inappropriate, or contrary to societal norms. This term often carries a negative connotation and is used to criticize someone's behavior or judgment. For example: His behavior is unreasonable「彼の行動は非常識だ」(かれのこうどうはひじょうしきだ). It's very unreasonable to be late without notice「連絡なしに遅れるのは非常識だ」(れんらくなしにおくれるのはひじょうしきだ). The word can also be used in a more general sense to describe situations or systems that defy logic or common sense.

kanji

武

Meaning

Military

Reading

Parts

一One 弋Ceremony 止Stop

Handwriting

Example Word

武士: samurai. The Japanese noun '武士 (ぶし)' refers to a 'samurai', a member of the warrior class in feudal Japan. Samurai were known for their strict adherence to the code of bushido, which emphasized honor, discipline, and loyalty. They were skilled in martial arts and often served as retainers to daimyo (feudal lords). Example sentences: The samurai was very brave「武士はとても勇敢だった」(ぶしはとてもゆうかんだった). The samurai carried a sword「武士は刀を持っていた」(ぶしはかたなをもっていた). The term can also be used metaphorically to describe someone who embodies the qualities of a samurai, such as bravery and honor.

kanji

判

Meaning

Judge, Stamp

Reading

Parts

半Half 刂Sword (刀)

Handwriting

Example Word

判決: verdict. The Japanese noun '判決 (はんけつ)' refers to a formal decision or judgment made by a court of law. It is commonly used in legal contexts to describe the outcome of a trial or legal proceeding. For example: The verdict was guilty「判決は有罪だった」(はんけつはゆうざいだった). The court announced its verdict「裁判所は判決を言い渡した」(さいばんしょははんけつをいいわたした). This term is specific to legal judgments and is not used in casual or everyday contexts.

kanji

質

Meaning

Quality

Reading

Parts

貝Shellfish 斤Axe, Catty

Handwriting

Example Word

物質: matter or substance. The Japanese noun '物質 (ぶっしつ)' refers to 'substance' or 'matter'. It is used to describe physical materials or the fundamental components that make up objects. This word is often used in scientific, philosophical, or everyday contexts to discuss the nature of physical entities. For example: This substance is dangerous「この物質は危険です」(このぶっしつはきけんです). Matter cannot be created or destroyed「物質は創造も破壊もできない」(ぶっしつはそうぞうもはかいもできない). The word can also be used in abstract contexts, such as discussing the 'substance' of an argument or idea.

kanji

婦

Meaning

Lady

Reading

Parts

女Woman 帚

Handwriting

Example Word

婦: woman. The Japanese suffix '婦 (ふ)' is used to denote a woman, often in a formal or respectful context. It is commonly appended to other words to specify a type of woman, such as in professional or social roles. For example: a housewife「主婦」(しゅふ). a nurse「看護婦」(かんごふ). It's important to note that while '婦' is traditionally used, some terms are being updated to more gender-neutral language, such as '看護師' (かんごし) for nurse, replacing '看護婦'.

kanji

支

Meaning

Branch, Support

Reading

Parts

十Ten 又Again

Handwriting

Example Word

支援: support. The Japanese verbal noun '支援 (しえん)' means 'support'. It refers to the act of providing assistance, backing, or aid to someone or something. This term is often used in contexts such as financial support, emotional support, or technical support. It can be used in both formal and informal settings. For example: We provide support to students「私たちは学生を支援します」(わたしたちはがくせいをしえんします). The government supports small businesses「政府は小企業を支援する」(せいふはしょうきぎょうをしえんする). Note that '支援' is often used in professional or organizational contexts, and it implies a structured or intentional form of assistance.

kanji

政

Meaning

Government, Politics

Reading

Parts

正Correct 攵Strike

Handwriting

Example Word

財政: finance. The Japanese noun '財政 (ざいせい)' refers to 'finance' or 'financial affairs', particularly in the context of public or government finance. It is commonly used to discuss the financial condition, management, or policies of a government, organization, or institution. For example: The government's finances are in bad shape「政府の財政は悪い状態です」(せいふのざいせいはわるいじょうたいです). The city is struggling with its finances「市の財政が苦しい」(しのざいせいがくるしい). This term is often used in formal or administrative contexts and is distinct from personal or private finance, which would typically use terms like '家計 (かけい)' or '個人の財政 (こじんのざいせい)'.

kanji

能

Meaning

Ability

Reading

Parts

䏍 匕Spoon

Handwriting

Example Word

無能: incompetent. The Japanese adjectival noun '無能 (むのう)' means 'incompetent'. It is used to describe someone who lacks the necessary skills, ability, or capacity to perform a task or fulfill a role effectively. This term carries a strong negative connotation and is often used in critical or evaluative contexts. For example: He is incompetent at his job「彼は仕事で無能だ」(かれはしごとでむのうだ). The manager was deemed incompetent「そのマネージャーは無能だと見なされた」(そのマネージャーはむのうだとみなされた). Note that '無能' is typically used to describe people rather than objects or situations.

kanji

識

Meaning

Knowledge, Discernment

Reading

Parts

訁Say (言)戠

Handwriting

Example Word

常識: commonsense. The Japanese noun '常識 (じょうしき)' refers to 'commonsense' or 'general knowledge'. It describes the basic understanding or awareness that is commonly shared by people in a society. This term is often used to refer to what is considered normal or expected behavior in a given context. For example: He lacks commonsense「彼は常識がない」(かれはじょうしきがない). It's common sense to be polite「礼儀正しくするのは常識だ」(れいぎただしくするのはじょうしきだ). The word can also imply societal norms or shared values, and it is frequently used in discussions about cultural expectations or social behavior.

kanji

勢

Meaning

Power, Force

Reading

Parts

力Power 埶

Handwriting

Example Word

情勢: situation. The Japanese noun '情勢 (じょうせい)' refers to the state or condition of affairs, particularly in a political, economic, or social context. It is often used to describe the current state of events or trends. For example: The political situation is unstable「政治の情勢は不安定です」(せいじのじょうせいはふあんていです). The economic situation is improving「経済の情勢は改善しています」(けいざいのじょうせいはかいぜんしています). This term is commonly used in news reports, discussions, and analyses to describe the broader state of affairs.

kanji

際

Meaning

Occasion

Reading

Parts

⻖ 祭Ritual

Handwriting

Example Word

国際化: internationalization. The Japanese verbal noun '国際化 (こくさいか)' refers to the process of making something international in scope or application. It is often used in contexts such as business, education, and technology to describe the adaptation of products, services, or systems to operate across different countries and cultures. For example: The company is focusing on internationalization「その会社は国際化に力を入れている」(そのかいしゃはこくさいかにちからをいれている). The university promotes internationalization「その大学は国際化を推進している」(そのだいがくはこくさいかをすいしんしている). This term is commonly used in discussions about globalization and cross-cultural exchange.

kanji

故

Meaning

Reason, Deceased

Reading

Parts

古Old 攵Strike

Handwriting

Example Word

交通事故: accident. The Japanese noun '交通事故 (こうつうじこ)' refers to a 'traffic accident'. It is commonly used to describe incidents involving vehicles, such as cars, motorcycles, or bicycles, that result in damage, injury, or death. This term is often seen in news reports, legal contexts, or everyday conversations about road safety. For example: There was a traffic accident on the highway「高速道路で交通事故があった」(こうそくどうろでこうつうじこがあった). The traffic accident caused a major delay「その交通事故で大渋滞が起きた」(そのこうつうじこでだいじゅうたいがおきた). It is important to note that this term specifically refers to accidents involving vehicles and not other types of accidents.

kanji

態

Meaning

Appearance, Condition

Reading

Parts

心Heart 能Ability

Handwriting

Example Word

態々: specially. The Japanese adverb '態々 (わざわざ)' means 'specially' or 'going out of one's way'. It is used to describe actions that are done intentionally, often with extra effort or inconvenience, to achieve a specific purpose. This word carries a nuance of doing something that might not be strictly necessary, but is done out of consideration or for a particular reason. For example: He came all the way here specially to see me「彼は私に会うためにわざわざここまで来た」(かれはわたしにあうためにわざわざここまできた). I made this cake specially for you「このケーキはあなたのためにわざわざ作りました」(このケーキはあなたのためにわざわざつくりました). Note that '態々' often implies a sense of gratitude or acknowledgment of the effort involved.

kanji

絶

Meaning

Break off, Extinction

Reading

Parts

糸Thread 色Color

Handwriting

Example Word

絶対: absolutely. The Japanese adverb '絶対 (ぜったい)' means 'absolutely' or 'definitely'. It is used to emphasize certainty or to express that something is unconditional or without exception. This word is often used in both positive and negative contexts to stress the speaker's conviction. For example: I will absolutely come「絶対に行きます」(ぜったいにいきます). You must absolutely not tell anyone「絶対に誰にも言わないで」(ぜったいにだれにもいわないで). It can also be used to describe something that is absolute or unconditional, such as '絶対的な信頼 (ぜったいてきなしんらい) (absolute trust)'.

kanji

夢

Meaning

Dream

Reading

Parts

艹Grass 罒Net 冖Crown 夕Evening

Handwriting

Example Word

夢中: engrossed. The Japanese adjectival noun '夢中 (むちゅう)' means 'engrossed' or 'absorbed'. It describes a state of being completely focused or captivated by something, often to the point of losing awareness of one's surroundings. This word is commonly used to express deep involvement in activities, hobbies, or emotions. For example: I was engrossed in the game「ゲームに夢中だった」(ゲームにむちゅうだった). She is absorbed in her studies「彼女は勉強に夢中です」(かのじょはべんきょうにむちゅうです). The word can also imply a sense of obsession or infatuation, as in: He is infatuated with her「彼は彼女に夢中だ」(かれはかのじょにむちゅうだ).

kanji

妻

Meaning

Wife

Reading

Parts

女Woman 肀

Handwriting

Example Word

妻: wife. The Japanese noun '妻 (つま)' means 'wife'. It refers to a married woman in relation to her spouse. This term is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: my wife is kind「私の妻は優しい」(わたしのつまはやさしい). He introduced his wife「彼は妻を紹介した」(かれはつまをしょうかいした). The word '妻' is neutral and does not carry any particular nuance, making it suitable for various situations. It is important to note that '妻' specifically refers to a wife and not to a girlfriend or fiancée.

kanji

素

Meaning

Element

Reading

Parts

糸Thread 龶Life (生)

Handwriting

Example Word

素直: honest. The Japanese adjective '素直 (すなお)' primarily means 'honest' or 'obedient'. It describes someone who is straightforward, sincere, and free from deceit or pretense. This word is often used to praise someone's character, especially when they are willing to accept advice or criticism without resistance. For example: She is an honest child「彼女は素直な子供です」(かのじょはすなおなこどもです). He honestly admitted his mistake「彼は素直に自分の過ちを認めた」(かれはすなおにじぶんのあやまちをみとめた). The term can also imply a sense of purity or simplicity in one's nature, making it a positive trait in Japanese culture.

kanji

断

Meaning

Decide, Cut off

Reading

Parts

斤Axe, Catty 米Rice

Handwriting

Example Word

診断: diagnosis. The Japanese verbal noun '診断 (しんだん)' means 'diagnosis'. It refers to the process of identifying a disease, condition, or problem by examining the symptoms or characteristics. This term is commonly used in medical contexts but can also be applied in other fields like technology or business. For example: The doctor made a diagnosis「医師が診断を下した」(いしがしんだんをくだした). We need a system diagnosis「システムの診断が必要です」(システムのしんだんがひつようです).

kanji

限

Meaning

Limit

Reading

Parts

⻖ 艮Stopping

Handwriting

Example Word

限り: extent or limit. The Japanese noun '限り (かぎり)' primarily means 'limit' or 'extent'. It is used to describe the boundary or scope of something, whether physical, temporal, or conceptual. For example: There is no limit to human potential「人間の可能性に限りはない」(にんげんのかのうせいにかぎりはない). As far as I know, he is innocent「私の知る限り、彼は無実です」(わたしのしるかぎり、かれはむじつです). The word can also imply 'as long as' or 'while' in certain contexts, such as: As long as I live, I will protect you「私が生きている限り、あなたを守ります」(わたしがいきているかぎり、あなたをまもります). Note that '限り' is often used in formal or written contexts and carries a nuanced sense of finality or completeness.

kanji

精

Meaning

Spirit, Refine

Reading

Parts

米Rice 青Blue

Handwriting

Example Word

精: essence or vitality. The Japanese noun '精 (せい)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'essence', referring to the intrinsic nature or indispensable quality of something. For example: the essence of life「生命の精」(せいめいのせい). The second meaning is 'vitality', referring to the state of being strong and active. For example: he has a lot of vitality「彼は精が溢れている」(かれはせいがあふれている). This word is often used in contexts related to energy, spirit, or the core nature of something. It can also appear in compounds, such as '精神 (せいしん)' meaning 'mind' or 'spirit'.

kanji

造

Meaning

Make, Build

Reading

Parts

⻌Walk 告Announce

Handwriting

Example Word

製造: manufacture. The Japanese verbal noun '製造 (せいぞう)' means 'manufacture' or 'production'. It refers to the process of making goods or products, typically on a large scale in factories or industrial settings. This term is commonly used in contexts related to industry, business, and technology. For example: The company manufactures cars「その会社は車を製造している」(そのかいしゃはくるまをせいぞうしている). This factory produces electronic devices「この工場は電子機器を製造している」(このこうじょうはでんしききをせいぞうしている). Note that '製造' is often used in compound words, such as '製造業 (せいぞうぎょう)' (manufacturing industry) or '製造工程 (せいぞうこうてい)' (manufacturing process).

kanji

容

Meaning

Contain, Looks

Reading

Parts

宀Roof 谷Valley

Handwriting

Example Word

収容: accommodation. The Japanese noun '収容 (しゅうよう)' refers to the act of accommodating or housing people, objects, or animals within a space. It is often used in contexts such as facilities, shelters, or institutions where individuals or items are contained or housed. For example: The shelter accommodates 100 people「その避難所は100人を収容する」(そのひなんじょは100にんをしゅうようする). The prison can house up to 500 inmates「その刑務所は500人まで収容できる」(そのけいむしょは500にんまでしゅうようできる). This word can also be used in broader contexts, such as data storage or event capacity, but its core meaning revolves around the concept of containment or accommodation.

kanji

久

Meaning

Long time

Reading

Handwriting

Example Word

久しぶり: longtime. The Japanese adjectival noun '久しぶり (ひさしぶり)' is used to express that something is happening after a long time or that it has been a while since something last occurred. It often conveys a sense of nostalgia or excitement about re-engaging with something familiar. For example: It's been a long time since I saw you「久しぶりに会いました」(ひさしぶりにあいました). It's been a while since I ate sushi「久しぶりに寿司を食べました」(ひさしぶりにすしをたべました). This word is commonly used in casual conversations and can also stand alone as an exclamation, such as '久しぶり！' to mean 'Long time no see!' or 'It's been a while!'.

kanji

格

Meaning

Status

Reading

Parts

木Tree, Wood 各Each

Handwriting

Example Word

格: status. The Japanese noun '格 (かく)' primarily refers to 'status' or 'rank'. It is often used to describe the position or standing of someone or something within a hierarchy or system. For example: his social status is high「彼の社会的な格は高い」(かれのしゃかいてきなかくはたかい). This word can also be used in contexts like grammar, where it refers to 'case' (e.g., nominative case, accusative case). For example: the nominative case in grammar「文法の主格」(ぶんぽうのしゅかく). However, the primary and most common usage is related to social or hierarchical status.

kanji

似

Meaning

Resemble

Reading

Parts

亻Person (人)以By means of

Handwriting

Example Word

類似: similarity. The Japanese noun '類似 (るいじ)' means 'similarity'. It refers to the state or quality of being similar or alike, often used in contexts comparing two or more things. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal settings, such as academic discussions, everyday conversations, or technical comparisons. For example: There is a similarity between the two theories「二つの理論には類似がある」(ふたつのりろんにはるいじがある). The similarity between these two paintings is striking「これらの二つの絵画の類似は驚くべきものだ」(これらのふたつのかいがのるいじはおどろくべきものだ). Note that '類似' can also be used in compound words like '類似点 (るいじてん)' (points of similarity) or '類似性 (るいじせい)' (similarity in nature).

kanji

件

Meaning

Matter, Affair

Reading

Parts

亻Person (人)牛Cow

Handwriting

Example Word

条件: condition. The Japanese noun '条件 (じょうけん)' means 'condition'. It refers to a requirement, stipulation, or prerequisite that must be met for something to happen or be valid. This word is commonly used in contexts such as contracts, agreements, or when setting rules. For example: The condition for approval is hard work「承認の条件は努力です」(しょうにんのじょうけんはどりょくです). We agreed on the terms and conditions「私たちは条件に合意しました」(わたしたちはじょうけんにごういしました). It can also be used in everyday situations, such as discussing conditions for a job or a relationship.

kanji

確

Meaning

Certain

Reading

Parts

石Stone 隹Bird

Handwriting

Example Word

確実: certain. The Japanese adjective '確実 (かくじつ)' means 'certain' or 'reliable'. It is used to describe something that is definite, assured, or guaranteed to happen or be true. This word often conveys a sense of confidence or trustworthiness. For example: This method is certain to work「この方法は確実にうまくいく」(このほうほうはかくじつにうまくいく). He is a reliable person「彼は確実な人だ」(かれはかくじつなひとだ). The word can also be used in contexts where something is guaranteed, such as '確実な結果 (かくじつなけっか) (certain result)'.

kanji

河

Meaning

River

Reading

Parts

氵Water (水)可Possible

Handwriting

kanji

許

Meaning

Permit, Allow

Reading

Parts

訁Say (言)午Noon

Handwriting

Example Word

許可: permission. The Japanese verbal noun '許可 (きょか)' means 'permission'. It refers to the act of allowing someone to do something or granting approval for an action. This word is commonly used in formal or official contexts, such as requesting permission from authorities or superiors. For example: I need permission to enter「入る許可が必要です」(はいるきょかがひつようです). Did you get permission to leave early?「早退の許可をもらいましたか？」(そうたいのきょかをもらいましたか？). It can also be used in everyday situations, such as asking for permission to borrow something: Can I have permission to use your pen?「あなたのペンを使う許可をもらえますか？」(あなたのペンをつかうきょかをもらえますか？).

kanji

独

Meaning

Alone

Reading

Parts

犭 虫Insect

Handwriting

Example Word

独特: unique. The Japanese adjective '独特 (どくとく)' means 'unique'. It is used to describe something that has a distinctive or peculiar quality that sets it apart from others. This word often carries a positive connotation, emphasizing the special or one-of-a-kind nature of something. For example: This artist has a unique style「このアーティストは独特なスタイルを持っている」(このアーティストはどくとくなスタイルをもっている). The flavor of this dish is unique「この料理の味は独特だ」(このりょうりのあじはどくとくだ). The word can also be used to describe abstract concepts, such as ideas or atmospheres, that are not easily replicated.

kanji

状

Meaning

Form, Condition

Reading

Parts

丬 犬Dog

Handwriting

Example Word

状態: condition. The Japanese noun '状態 (じょうたい)' refers to the state or condition of something. It is commonly used to describe the current state of an object, situation, or even a person's health. For example: The condition of the machine is bad「機械の状態が悪い」(きかいのじょうたいがわるい). The patient's condition is stable「患者の状態は安定している」(かんじゃのじょうたいはあんていしている). This word is versatile and can be applied to various contexts, such as physical states, emotional states, or the status of a project.

kanji

徳

Meaning

Virtue

Reading

Parts

彳Stop 十Ten 罒Net 心Heart

Handwriting

Example Word

道徳: morality. The Japanese noun '道徳 (どうとく)' refers to 'morality' or 'ethical principles'. It is used to describe the system of values and principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong behavior. This term is often used in discussions about societal norms, personal ethics, and philosophical teachings. For example: Morality is important in society「道徳は社会で重要です」(どうとくはしゃかいでじゅうようです). Teaching morality to children is essential「子供に道徳を教えることは大切です」(こどもにどうとくをおしえることはたいせつです). The word is commonly used in educational and philosophical contexts.

kanji

像

Meaning

Image, Statue

Reading

Parts

亻Person (人)象Elephant, Phenomenon

Handwriting

Example Word

想像: conception or imagination. The Japanese verbal noun '想像 (そうぞう)' primarily means 'imagination' or 'conception'. It refers to the ability to form mental images or ideas of things not present to the senses or not previously known or experienced. It is often used in contexts discussing creativity, planning, or hypothesizing about future events or scenarios. For example: His imagination is boundless「彼の想像は無限だ」(かれのそうぞうはむげんだ). It's hard to conceive of such a situation「そんな状況を想像するのは難しい」(そんなじょうきょうをそうぞうするのはむずかしい). This word is commonly used in both everyday conversation and formal writing, highlighting its versatility in describing both creative and speculative thought processes.

kanji

興

Meaning

Interest, Entertain

Reading

Parts

臼Mortar 同Same ハ

Handwriting

Example Word

興味: interest. The Japanese noun '興味 (きょうみ)' means 'interest'. It refers to a feeling of curiosity or concern about something, leading to a desire to learn or know more about it. This word is often used in contexts involving hobbies, studies, or general curiosity. For example: I have an interest in Japanese culture「私は日本文化に興味があります」(わたしはにほんぶんかにおもしろみがあります). She showed interest in the new project「彼女は新しいプロジェクトに興味を示しました」(かのじょはあたらしいプロジェクトにきょうみをしめしました). The word can also be used in negative forms to express a lack of interest, as in 'I have no interest in sports'「私はスポーツに興味がありません」(わたしはスポーツにきょうみがありません).

kanji

雑

Meaning

Miscellaneous

Reading

Parts

杂 隹Bird

Handwriting

Example Word

雑誌: magazine. The Japanese noun '雑誌 (ざっし)' refers to a 'magazine', which is a periodical publication containing articles, photographs, and advertisements. It is commonly used to describe both print and digital magazines. For example: I bought a fashion magazine「ファッション雑誌を買いました」(ふぁっしょんざっしをかいました). This magazine is interesting「この雑誌は面白い」(このざっしはおもしろい). The word is often used in contexts related to reading, publishing, or media.

kanji

句

Meaning

Phrase, Paragraph

Reading

Parts

勹Wrap 口Mouth

Handwriting

Example Word

俳句: haiku. The Japanese noun '俳句 (はいく)' refers to a traditional form of Japanese poetry consisting of three lines with a 5-7-5 syllable structure. Haiku often capture a moment in nature or evoke a specific emotion, and they are known for their brevity and depth. For example: I wrote a haiku about the moon「月について俳句を書いた」(つきについてはいくをかいた). This haiku is beautiful「この俳句は美しい」(このはいくはうつくしい). Haiku is a significant part of Japanese culture and is appreciated worldwide for its simplicity and elegance.

kanji

構

Meaning

Structure, Care

Reading

Parts

木Tree, Wood 冓

Handwriting

Example Word

構造: structure. The Japanese noun '構造 (こうぞう)' refers to the 'structure' of something, whether it be physical, organizational, or conceptual. It is used to describe the arrangement and interrelation of parts in a complex entity. For example: the structure of a building「建物の構造」(たてもののこうぞう). The structure of society「社会の構造」(しゃかいのこうぞう). This word is often used in technical, architectural, or sociological contexts to describe how components are organized and function together.

kanji

保

Meaning

Preserve

Reading

Parts

亻Person (人)呆

Handwriting

Example Word

保証: guarantee or warranty. The Japanese verbal noun '保証 (ほしょう)' primarily means 'guarantee' or 'warranty'. It refers to a formal assurance that certain conditions will be fulfilled, often used in legal, financial, or commercial contexts. For example, when purchasing electronics, you might receive a warranty: This product comes with a one-year warranty「この製品は1年の保証がついています」(このせいひんはいちねんのほしょうがついています). In another context, it can mean a guarantee of quality or reliability: I guarantee the quality of this product「この製品の品質を保証します」(このせいひんのひんしつをほしょうします). Note that '保証' is often used in formal or business settings and implies a binding commitment.

kanji

敵

Meaning

Enemy

Reading

Parts

啇 攵Strike

Handwriting

Example Word

敵: enemy. The Japanese noun '敵 (てき)' means 'enemy'. It refers to a person or group that is actively opposed or hostile to someone or something. This word is commonly used in contexts such as war, competition, or personal conflicts. For example: He is my enemy「彼は私の敵です」(かれはわたしのてきです). They defeated the enemy「彼らは敵を倒した」(かれらはてきをたおした). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe challenges or obstacles, such as 'time is the enemy'「時間は敵だ」(じかんはてきだ). Note that '敵' is a neutral term and does not carry additional emotional connotations unless specified by context.

kanji

破

Meaning

Break, Tear

Reading

Parts

石Stone 皮Skin

Handwriting

Example Word

破壊: destruction. The Japanese verbal noun '破壊 (はかい)' means 'destruction'. It refers to the act of destroying or causing severe damage to something, whether physical objects, structures, or abstract concepts like relationships or systems. It is often used in contexts involving force, violence, or significant change. For example: The earthquake caused massive destruction「地震が大規模な破壊を引き起こした」(じしんがだいきぼなはかいをひきおこした). The company's reputation was destroyed「会社の評判は破壊された」(かいしゃのひょうばんははかいされた). Note that '破壊' can also be used metaphorically, such as in '破壊的なアイデア (はかいてきなアイデア)' (destructive idea), where it implies challenging or dismantling existing norms.

kanji

志

Meaning

Intention

Reading

Parts

心Heart 士Samurai

Handwriting

Example Word

意志: will. The Japanese noun '意志 (いし)' refers to 'will' or 'volition'. It describes the mental faculty by which a person decides on and commits to a course of action. This word is often used in contexts involving determination, intention, or resolve. For example: He has a strong will「彼は強い意志を持っている」(かれはつよいいしをもっている). Her will to succeed is admirable「彼女の成功への意志は立派だ」(かのじょのせいこうへのいしはりっぱだ). It can also be used in philosophical or psychological discussions about free will and decision-making.

kanji

往

Meaning

Journey, Go on

Reading

Parts

彳Stop 主Master

Handwriting

Example Word

往復: roundtrip. The Japanese noun '往復 (おうふく)' refers to a round trip, meaning going to a destination and returning. It is commonly used in contexts like transportation (e.g., train or plane tickets) or communication (e.g., letters or emails). For example: I bought a round-trip ticket「往復のチケットを買いました」(おうふくのチケットをかいました). The round-trip fare is 5,000 yen「往復料金は5000円です」(おうふくりょうきんはごせんえんです). This word can also metaphorically describe the back-and-forth nature of communication or exchanges.

kanji

示

Meaning

Show, Indicate

Reading

Parts

二Two 小Small

Handwriting

Example Word

掲示板: bulletin board. The Japanese noun '掲示板 (けいじばん)' refers to a 'bulletin board' or 'notice board'. It is commonly used to describe a physical or digital board where information, announcements, or messages are posted for public viewing. In modern contexts, it often refers to online forums or message boards. For example: I saw the notice on the bulletin board「掲示板にそのお知らせを見ました」(けいじばんにそのおしらせをみました). This online forum is very active「この掲示板はとても活発です」(このけいじばんはとてもかっぱつです). The word is widely used in both physical and digital contexts, making it a versatile term in Japanese.

kanji

団

Meaning

Group, Association

Reading

Parts

囗Box 寸Measurement

Handwriting

Example Word

布団: futon. The Japanese noun '布団 (ふとん)' refers to a traditional Japanese-style bedding, which typically includes a mattress and a duvet. Futons are designed to be laid directly on the floor and are commonly used in Japanese homes. They are known for their portability and space-saving qualities, as they can be folded and stored away during the day. Example sentences: I spread out the futon「布団を敷いた」(ふとんをしいた). The futon is comfortable「布団は気持ちいい」(ふとんはきもちいい).

kanji

比

Meaning

Compare, Ratio

Reading

Handwriting

Example Word

比較: comparison. The Japanese verbal noun '比較 (ひかく)' means 'comparison'. It is used to describe the act of comparing two or more things, often to highlight similarities or differences. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: Let's make a comparison between the two products「二つの製品を比較しましょう」(ふたつのせいひんをひかくしましょう). The comparison of these two methods is interesting「これらの二つの方法の比較は面白い」(これらのふたつのほうほうのひかくはおもしろい). It can also be used in compound words, such as '比較的 (ひかくてき)' meaning 'comparatively' or 'relatively'.

kanji

応

Meaning

Answer, Respond

Reading

Parts

广Dotted cliff 心Heart

Handwriting

Example Word

応募: application. The Japanese verbal noun '応募 (おうぼ)' means 'application' and is used to refer to the act of applying for something, such as a job, contest, or event. It is commonly used in contexts where individuals submit their details or qualifications to be considered for a position or opportunity. For example: I applied for the job「私はその仕事に応募した」(わたしはそのしごとにおうぼした). She is applying for the scholarship「彼女は奨学金に応募している」(かのじょはしょうがくきんにおうぼしている). The word is often paired with verbs like 'する' to indicate the action of applying, as in '応募する (おうぼする)'.

kanji

快

Meaning

Pleasant

Reading

Parts

忄 夬Decide

Handwriting

Example Word

不快: discomfort. The Japanese noun '不快 (ふかい)' refers to a feeling of discomfort or unpleasantness. It can describe physical discomfort, such as feeling unwell, or emotional discomfort, such as unease or irritation. This word is often used in contexts where something causes a negative sensation or reaction. For example: I feel discomfort in this situation「この状況に不快を感じる」(このじょうきょうにふかいをかんじる). The smell caused discomfort「その匂いが不快を引き起こした」(そのにおいがふかいをひきおこした). It is also commonly used in phrases like '不快感 (ふかいかん)' (feeling of discomfort) to emphasize the sensation of unease.

kanji

評

Meaning

Evaluate

Reading

Parts

言Say 平Flat

Handwriting

Example Word

評価: evaluation or appraisal. The Japanese verbal noun '評価 (ひょうか)' refers to the act of assessing or judging the value, quality, or performance of something or someone. It is commonly used in contexts such as performance reviews, product reviews, or academic assessments. For example: The teacher gave a high evaluation to the student「先生はその生徒に高い評価を与えた」(せんせいはそのせいとにたかいひょうかをあたえた). This product received a good appraisal from customers「この商品は顧客から良い評価を受けた」(このしょうひんはこきゃくからよいひょうかをうけた). Note that '評価' can also imply a formal or systematic judgment, often used in professional or academic settings.

kanji

証

Meaning

Evidence

Reading

Parts

訁Say (言)正Correct

Handwriting

Example Word

検証: verification. The Japanese noun '検証 (けんしょう)' means 'verification'. It refers to the process of checking or confirming the accuracy, validity, or truth of something. This term is often used in contexts such as scientific research, legal proceedings, or software testing. For example: The verification of the data is complete「データの検証が完了しました」(データのけんしょうがかんりょうしました). We need to verify the results「結果を検証する必要があります」(けっかをけんしょうするひつようがあります). In some contexts, it can also imply a deeper investigation or analysis, such as verifying a theory or hypothesis.

kanji

仏

Meaning

Buddha

Reading

Parts

亻Person (人)厶Private

Handwriting

Example Word

念仏: prayer. The Japanese noun '念仏 (ねんぶつ)' refers to the act of chanting or reciting Buddhist prayers, specifically the name of Amida Buddha (Amitabha Buddha). This practice is central to certain schools of Pure Land Buddhism, where it is believed that chanting 'Namu Amida Butsu' (南無阿弥陀仏) can lead to rebirth in the Pure Land. The term can also be used more broadly to refer to any Buddhist prayer or invocation. For example: He chants prayers every morning「彼は毎朝念仏を唱える」(かれはまいあさねんぶつをとなえる). The old woman devoted her life to prayer「その老女は念仏に人生を捧げた」(そのろうじょはねんぶつにじんせいをささげた).

kanji

留

Meaning

Stay, Detain

Reading

Handwriting

Example Word

停留所: stop. The Japanese noun '停留所 (ていりゅうじょ)' refers to a 'stop', specifically a bus stop or tram stop. It is commonly used in the context of public transportation to indicate where buses or trams halt to pick up or drop off passengers. For example: The bus stop is over there「バスの停留所はあそこです」(ばすのていりゅうじょはあそこです). I will wait at the tram stop「路面電車の停留所で待ちます」(ろめんでんしゃのていりゅうじょでまちます). This word is essential for navigating public transportation systems in Japan.

kanji

罪

Meaning

Sin, Guilt

Reading

Parts

罒Net 非Mistake, Negative

Handwriting

Example Word

犯罪: crime. The Japanese noun '犯罪 (はんざい)' means 'crime'. It refers to an act that is against the law and punishable by the legal system. This word is commonly used in legal, social, and everyday contexts to describe illegal activities. For example: The police are investigating the crime「警察は犯罪を調査しています」(けいさつははんざいをちょうさしています). He was arrested for committing a crime「彼は犯罪を犯して逮捕された」(かれははんざいをおかしてたいほされた). The word can also be used in broader contexts, such as discussing crime rates or societal issues related to crime.

kanji

退

Meaning

Retreat

Reading

Parts

⻌Walk 艮Stopping

Handwriting

Example Word

退職: retirement. The Japanese verbal noun '退職 (たいしょく)' refers to the act of retiring or resigning from a job or position. It is commonly used in professional or formal contexts to describe the process of leaving employment, often due to reaching retirement age or personal reasons. For example: He is planning his retirement「彼は退職を計画している」(かれはたいしょくをけいかくしている). She submitted her resignation letter「彼女は退職願を提出した」(かのじょはたいしょくねがいをていしゅつした). The term can also be used in phrases like '退職金 (たいしょくきん)', which means 'retirement bonus' or 'severance pay'.

kanji

富

Meaning

Wealth, Rich

Reading

Parts

宀Roof 畐Fill

Handwriting

Example Word

豊富: abundant. The Japanese adjectival noun '豊富 (ほうふ)' means 'abundant' or 'plentiful'. It is used to describe a large quantity or variety of something, often in a positive context. For example: This region has abundant resources「この地域は資源が豊富だ」(このちいきはしげんがほうふだ). The library has a plentiful collection of books「図書館には本が豊富にある」(としょかんにはほんがほうふにある). '豊富' is commonly used in both formal and informal settings to emphasize the richness or sufficiency of something.

kanji

報

Meaning

Report, News

Reading

Parts

幸Happiness

Handwriting

Example Word

天気予報: weather forecast. The Japanese noun '天気予報 (てんきよほう)' means 'weather forecast'. It refers to the prediction of weather conditions for a specific time and place, typically provided by meteorological services. This term is commonly used in daily conversations, news broadcasts, and weather reports. For example: The weather forecast says it will rain tomorrow「天気予報によると、明日は雨が降るそうです」(てんきよほうによると、あしたはあめがふるそうです). I always check the weather forecast before going out「出かける前にはいつも天気予報をチェックします」(でかけるまえにはいつもてんきよほうをチェックします).

kanji

再

Meaning

Again, Twice

Reading

Parts

一One 冉

Handwriting

Example Word

再来年: year after next. The Japanese noun '再来年 (さらいねん)' refers to 'the year after next'. It is used to indicate a time two years from the current year. This term is commonly used in planning or discussing future events that are not immediate but still within a relatively near timeframe. For example: I will graduate the year after next「再来年に卒業します」(さらいねんにそつぎょうします). We are planning to move the year after next「再来年に引っ越す予定です」(さらいねんにひっこすよていです). Note that '再来年' is a specific term and should not be confused with '来年 (らいねん)', which means 'next year'.

kanji

永

Meaning

Eternity

Reading

Parts

水Water 丶Dot

Handwriting

Example Word

永遠: eternity. The Japanese adjectival noun '永遠 (えいえん)' means 'eternity' or 'perpetual'. It is used to describe something that lasts forever, without end. This word is often used in poetic or philosophical contexts to express timelessness or unending continuity. For example: Their love is eternal「彼らの愛は永遠だ」(かれらのあいはえいえんだ). The beauty of nature is eternal「自然の美しさは永遠だ」(しぜんのうつくしさはえいえんだ). It can also be used to describe abstract concepts like time, life, or emotions that are perceived as infinite.

kanji

職

Meaning

Employment

Reading

Parts

耳Ear 戠

Handwriting

Example Word

職人: craftsman. The Japanese noun '職人 (しょくにん)' refers to a skilled craftsman or artisan who specializes in a particular trade or craft. This term is often used to describe individuals who have honed their skills through years of practice and dedication, such as carpenters, potters, or blacksmiths. The word carries a connotation of high skill, precision, and tradition. For example: The craftsman made a beautiful vase「職人が美しい花瓶を作りました」(しょくにんがうつくしいかびんをつくりました). He is a master craftsman「彼は職人の達人です」(かれはしょくにんのたつじんです). The term is deeply respected in Japanese culture, often associated with the concept of 'monozukuri' (物作り), which emphasizes the spirit of craftsmanship and the pursuit of perfection.

kanji

個

Meaning

Individual

Reading

Parts

亻Person (人)固Hard

Handwriting

Example Word

個体: individual or organism. The Japanese noun '個体 (こたい)' refers to an individual entity or organism, often used in contexts such as biology, sociology, or general descriptions of distinct units. It emphasizes the uniqueness or separateness of the entity. For example: Each individual has its own characteristics「個体にはそれぞれ特徴がある」(こたいにはそれぞれとくちょうがある). This organism is a rare species「この個体は珍しい種です」(このこたいはめずらしいしゅです). The word can also be used in abstract contexts, such as describing individual components within a system.

kanji

演

Meaning

Perform

Reading

Parts

氵Water (水)寅

Handwriting

Example Word

出演: appearance. The Japanese verbal noun '出演 (しゅつえん)' means 'appearance' and is used to describe someone's participation or performance in a public event, such as a TV show, movie, play, or concert. It is often used in contexts related to entertainment or media. For example: She made an appearance on TV「彼女はテレビに出演した」(かのじょはテレビにしゅつえんした). The actor will appear in the new movie「その俳優は新しい映画に出演する」(そのはいゆうはあたらしいえいがにしゅつえんする). Note that '出演' is commonly used in formal or professional settings and is often paired with verbs like 'する' to indicate the act of appearing.

kanji

任

Meaning

Duty, Responsibility

Reading

Parts

亻Person (人)壬

Handwriting

Example Word

任せる: entrust. The Japanese verb '任せる (まかせる)' means 'to entrust' or 'to leave something to someone'. It is used when you delegate a task, responsibility, or decision to another person, trusting them to handle it. This verb often implies a sense of reliance or confidence in the person being entrusted. For example: I entrusted the work to him「仕事を彼に任せた」(しごとをかれにまかせた). She left the decision to me「彼女はその決断を私に任せた」(かのじょはそのけつだんをわたしにまかせた). Note that '任せる' can also imply a sense of letting go or not interfering, as in 'I left it to fate'「運命に任せた」(うんめいにまかせた).

kanji

接

Meaning

Contact, Touch

Reading

Parts

扌Hand (手)妾

Handwriting

Example Word

接続: connection. The Japanese verbal noun '接続 (せつぞく)' primarily means 'connection'. It is used to refer to the act of connecting or linking things together, whether physically, logically, or in terms of communication. For example: The connection between the two devices is stable「二つのデバイスの接続は安定している」(ふたつのデバイスのせつぞくはあんていしている). Please check the internet connection「インターネットの接続を確認してください」(インターネットのせつぞくをかくにんしてください). This term is commonly used in technical contexts, such as electronics, networking, and transportation, but can also be applied to abstract concepts like relationships or ideas.

kanji

弁

Meaning

Valve, Dialect

Reading

Parts

厶Private 廾Twenty

Handwriting

Example Word

弁論: debate. The Japanese verbal noun '弁論 (べんろん)' refers to a formal debate or argument, often in a structured setting such as a court, parliament, or academic environment. It emphasizes the act of presenting and defending a position logically and persuasively. For example: The lawyer's debate was impressive「弁護士の弁論は印象的だった」(べんごしのべんろんはいんしょうてきだった). The students participated in a debate competition「学生たちは弁論大会に参加した」(がくせいたちはべんろんたいかいにさんかした). This term is commonly used in legal, political, and educational contexts.

kanji

枝

Meaning

Branch

Reading

Parts

木Tree, Wood 支Branch, Support

Handwriting

Example Word

枝: branch. The Japanese noun '枝 (えだ)' refers to a 'branch' of a tree or plant. It is used to describe the part of a tree that grows out from the trunk or another branch, often bearing leaves, flowers, or fruit. This word can also be used metaphorically to describe branches of a family, organization, or other structures. For example: The bird is sitting on the branch「鳥が枝に止まっている」(とりがえだにとまっている). The tree has many branches「その木にはたくさんの枝がある」(そのきにはたくさんのえだがある). In a metaphorical sense, it can be used as in 'the branch of a company'「会社の枝」(かいしゃのえだ).

kanji

務

Meaning

Duty, Task

Reading

Parts

矛Halberd 务

Handwriting

Example Word

務める: serve or fulfill. The Japanese verb '務める (つとめる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to serve' in a role or position, such as in a job or duty. For example: He serves as the company president「彼は社長を務める」(かれはしゃちょうをつとめる). The second meaning is 'to fulfill' a responsibility or obligation. For example: She fulfilled her role as a mother「彼女は母親としての役割を務めた」(かのじょはははおやとしてのやくわりをつとめた). This verb is often used in formal or professional contexts to describe taking on a role or responsibility.

kanji

因

Meaning

Cause

Reading

Parts

口Mouth 大Big

Handwriting

Example Word

要因: factor. The Japanese noun '要因 (よういん)' means 'factor'. It refers to an element or component that contributes to a result or outcome. This term is often used in contexts such as scientific research, business analysis, and everyday discussions about causes and effects. For example: The main factor for the success was teamwork「成功の主な要因はチームワークだった」(せいこうのおもなよういんはチームワークだった). Economic factors influenced the decision「経済的要因がその決定に影響した」(けいざいてきよういんがそのけっていにえいきょうした). Note that '要因' is typically used in formal or analytical contexts.

kanji

易

Meaning

Easy

Reading

Parts

日Day, Sun 勿Must not

Handwriting

Example Word

貿易: trade. The Japanese verbal noun '貿易 (ぼうえき)' refers to 'trade', specifically the exchange of goods and services between countries or regions. It is commonly used in contexts related to international commerce, economics, and business. For example: Japan trades with many countries「日本は多くの国と貿易をしている」(にほんはおおくのくにとぼうえきをしている). International trade is important for the economy「国際貿易は経済にとって重要だ」(こくさいぼうえきはけいざいにとってじゅうようだ). The term can also be used in compound words like '貿易会社 (ぼうえきがいしゃ)' (trading company) or '貿易赤字 (ぼうえきあかじ)' (trade deficit).

kanji

条

Meaning

Clause

Reading

Parts

攵Strike 木Tree, Wood

Handwriting

Example Word

条: clause or article. The Japanese noun '条 (じょう)' refers to an 'article' or 'clause' in a legal document, contract, or law. It is commonly used in formal contexts to denote specific sections or provisions within such documents. For example: Article 1 of the Constitution「憲法の第一条」(けんぽうのだいいちじょう). This clause is important「この条は重要です」(このじょうはじゅうようです). The word is often seen in legal or official contexts and is typically paired with numbers to indicate specific articles or clauses.

kanji

境

Meaning

Boundary, Border

Reading

Parts

土Soil 竟

Handwriting

Example Word

環境: environment. The Japanese noun '環境 (かんきょう)' primarily means 'environment'. It refers to the surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates. This term is widely used in discussions about nature, ecology, and living conditions. For example: We need to protect the environment「環境を守る必要がある」(かんきょうをまもるひつようがある). The work environment is very important「仕事の環境はとても重要だ」(しごとのかんきょうはとてもじゅうようだ). It can also refer to the setting or context in which something exists or operates, such as a social or technological environment.

kanji

布

Meaning

Cloth, Linen

Reading

Handwriting

Example Word

財布: wallet. The Japanese noun '財布 (さいふ)' means 'wallet'. It refers to a small, flat case used to carry personal items such as cash, credit cards, and identification documents. This word is commonly used in everyday conversations when discussing money or personal belongings. For example: I lost my wallet「財布をなくしました」(さいふをなくしました). This wallet is expensive「この財布は高いです」(このさいふはたかいです). The term can also be used metaphorically to refer to one's financial resources, as in '財布が寂しい (さいふがさびしい)' which means 'my wallet is feeling lonely' (i.e., I'm low on money).

kanji

制

Meaning

System, Control

Reading

Parts

刂Sword (刀)牛Cow 巾Towel

Handwriting

Example Word

体制: system. The Japanese noun '体制 (たいせい)' refers to a 'system' or 'structure', particularly in the context of political, social, or organizational frameworks. It is often used to describe the established order or arrangement of a group, institution, or society. For example: The government is trying to reform the system「政府は体制を改革しようとしている」(せいふはたいせいをかいかくしようとしている). The company has a strict hierarchical system「その会社は厳格な体制を持っている」(そのかいしゃはげんかくなたいせいをもっている). The word can also imply the status quo or the existing order, and it is commonly used in discussions about governance, management, or societal structures.

kanji

祖

Meaning

Ancestor

Reading

Parts

礻Cult (示)且Moreover, Also

Handwriting

Example Word

祖母: grandmother. The Japanese noun '祖母 (そぼ)' refers to one's grandmother, specifically the mother of one's father or mother. It is a formal and respectful term used to refer to one's grandmother in various contexts. For example: My grandmother is kind「私の祖母は優しい」(わたしのそぼはやさしい). I visited my grandmother「祖母を訪ねた」(そぼをたずねた). The term is commonly used in both spoken and written Japanese, and it carries a sense of respect and affection. It is important to note that '祖母' is used specifically for one's own grandmother, and not for someone else's grandmother, for which the term 'おばあさん' might be more appropriate.

kanji

移

Meaning

Move, Transfer

Reading

Parts

禾Cereal 多Many

Handwriting

Example Word

移動: movement or relocation. The Japanese verbal noun '移動 (いどう)' primarily means 'movement' or 'relocation'. It refers to the act of moving from one place to another, whether it's physical movement or the transfer of something. This word is commonly used in contexts involving travel, transportation, or changing locations. For example: The movement of people is restricted「人々の移動は制限されている」(ひとびとのいどうはせいげんされている). We are relocating the office to a new building「オフィスを新しいビルに移動します」(オフィスをあたらしいビルにいどうします). Note that '移動' can also be used in abstract contexts, such as the movement of data or ideas.

kanji

織

Meaning

Weave

Reading

Parts

糸Thread 戠

Handwriting

Example Word

織物: textile. The Japanese noun '織物 (おりもの)' refers to 'textile' or 'woven fabric'. It is used to describe any material made by weaving, knitting, or felting fibers together. This term is commonly used in contexts related to clothing, crafts, and traditional Japanese arts. For example: This textile is beautiful「この織物は美しい」(このおりものはうつくしい). She bought a traditional Japanese textile「彼女は伝統的な日本の織物を買った」(かのじょはでんとうてきなにほんのおりものをかった). The word can also refer to the art or process of weaving itself.

kanji

銭

Meaning

Money, Coin

Reading

Parts

釒Gold (金)㦮

Handwriting

Example Word

金銭: money. The Japanese noun '金銭 (きんせん)' refers to 'money' in a general sense, often emphasizing its tangible or financial aspect. It is commonly used in formal or legal contexts to discuss financial matters, transactions, or wealth. For example: money is important in life「金銭は人生で重要です」(きんせんはじんせいでじゅうようです). He lost all his money「彼は金銭をすべて失った」(かれはきんせんをすべてうしなった). The word can also carry a slightly formal or serious tone, distinguishing it from more casual terms like 'お金 (おかね)'.

kanji

述

Meaning

State, Mention

Reading

Parts

⻌Walk 朮

Handwriting

Example Word

前述: aforementioned. The Japanese noun '前述 (ぜんじゅつ)' means 'aforementioned' or 'previously mentioned'. It is used to refer to something that has already been stated or discussed earlier in a conversation, text, or context. This term is often used in formal or written contexts to avoid repetition and to refer back to earlier points. For example: as aforementioned, the plan has changed「前述のとおり、計画は変更されました」(ぜんじゅつのとおり、けいかくはへんこうされました). The aforementioned issue will be addressed later「前述の問題は後で取り上げます」(ぜんじゅつのもんだいはあとでとりあげます).

kanji

価

Meaning

Price

Reading

Parts

亻Person (人)西West

Handwriting

Example Word

株価: stock price. The Japanese noun '株価 (かぶか)' refers to the 'stock price' or 'share price' of a company. It is commonly used in financial and business contexts to discuss the value of stocks traded on the market. For example: The stock price rose sharply「株価が急上昇した」(かぶかがきゅうじょうしょうした). The stock price of that company is high「あの会社の株価は高い」(あのかいしゃのかぶかはたかい). This term is essential in discussions about investments, market trends, and economic news.

kanji

護

Meaning

Protect, Defend

Reading

Parts

訁Say (言)蒦

Handwriting

Example Word

保護: protection. The Japanese verbal noun '保護 (ほご)' means 'protection'. It refers to the act of protecting or safeguarding someone or something from harm, danger, or damage. This term is often used in contexts such as environmental protection, legal protection, or the protection of rights. For example: environmental protection is important「環境保護は大切です」(かんきょうほごはたいせつです). The law provides protection for workers「法律は労働者を保護します」(ほうりつはろうどうしゃをほごします). Note that '保護' is commonly used in formal or official contexts and can be paired with verbs like 'する' to form phrases like '保護する' (to protect).

kanji

承

Meaning

Consent

Reading

Parts

手Hand

Handwriting

Example Word

伝承: folklore. The Japanese noun '伝承 (でんしょう)' refers to 'folklore' or 'oral tradition'. It encompasses stories, customs, beliefs, and practices that are passed down through generations, often orally. This term is deeply rooted in cultural heritage and is used to describe the collective memory and traditions of a community. For example: This village is rich in folklore「この村は伝承が豊かだ」(このむらはでんしょうがゆたかだ). The festival is based on ancient folklore「その祭りは古い伝承に基づいている」(そのまつりはふるいでんしょうにもとづいている).

kanji

群

Meaning

Group, Flock

Reading

Parts

君Ruler, You 羊Sheep

Handwriting

Example Word

群れ: group. The Japanese noun '群れ (むれ)' refers to a 'group' or 'flock' of living beings, typically animals or people, gathered together. It is often used to describe a natural gathering, such as a flock of birds or a herd of animals. For example: a flock of birds「鳥の群れ」(とりのむれ). A group of children playing「遊んでいる子供たちの群れ」(あそんでいるこどもたちのむれ). The word emphasizes the collective nature of the gathering, often implying movement or activity as a unit.

kanji

領

Meaning

Territory

Reading

Parts

令Orders 頁Page

Handwriting

Example Word

領: territory. The Japanese suffix '領 (りょう)' refers to a territory or domain. It is often used in compound words to denote areas under control or jurisdiction, such as a country's territory or a feudal lord's domain. For example: the territory of Japan「日本の領土」(にほんのりょうど). The lord's domain「領主の領地」(りょうしゅのりょうち). This suffix is commonly seen in historical or political contexts, emphasizing control or ownership over a specific area.