Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Kanji School Gradeand Sorted by Frequency of Use

word

有る

Meaning

Exist

Reading

Parts

有Exist

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verb '有る (ある)' means 'to exist' or 'to have'. It is primarily used to indicate the existence of inanimate objects or abstract concepts. Unlike 'いる (iru)', which is used for living things, 'ある' is specifically for non-living things. For example: There is a book on the table「テーブルの上に本がある」(てーぶるのうえにほんがある). I have time「時間がある」(じかんがある). It can also be used to express possession in a general sense, such as 'I have a car'「車がある」(くるまがある). Note that 'ある' is often used in negative forms to indicate absence, like 'There is no money'「お金がない」(おかねがない).

word

事

Meaning

Thing, Matter

Reading

Parts

事Thing

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '事 (こと)' is a versatile word that can mean 'thing' or 'matter'. It is often used to refer to abstract concepts, events, or situations rather than physical objects. For example: That is an important matter「それは大事な事です」(それはだいじなことです). I have something to tell you「あなたに言いたい事があります」(あなたにいいたいことがあります). The word '事' is commonly used in various expressions and idioms, such as '事にする (ことにする)' meaning 'to decide to do something' or '事になる (ことになる)' meaning 'it has been decided that'. It is important to note that '事' is often used in formal or written contexts, while '物 (もの)' is more commonly used for physical objects in everyday speech.

word

様

Meaning

Honorific

Reading

Parts

様Way, Form

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '様 (さま)' is an honorific used to show respect or politeness towards someone. It is more formal than the common suffix 'さん' and is often used in formal settings, business contexts, or when addressing someone of higher status. For example: Thank you, Mr. Tanaka「田中様、ありがとうございます」(たなかさま、ありがとうございます). This is for the customer「お客様へのものです」(おきゃくさまへのものです). It can also be used in written correspondence or on packages to show respect. While it is most commonly attached to names, it can also be used with titles or roles, such as 'お客様 (おきゃくさま)' (honored guest/customer).

word

物

Meaning

Thing

Reading

Parts

物Thing

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '物 (もの)' means 'thing'. It is a very general term used to refer to objects, items, or abstract concepts. This word is often used in everyday conversation and can be applied to a wide range of contexts. For example: This thing is heavy「この物は重い」(このものはおもい). I bought a new thing「新しい物を買った」(あたらしいものをかった). It can also be used in more abstract ways, such as in the phrase '物の哀れ (もののあわれ)', which refers to the pathos or sadness of things. The word '物' is versatile and can be combined with other words to form compound nouns, such as '食べ物 (たべもの)' (food) or '飲み物 (のみもの)' (drink).

word

所

Meaning

Place

Reading

Parts

所Place

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '所 (ところ)' primarily means 'place' or 'location'. It refers to a specific area or spot, either physical or abstract. It can also be used to indicate a point in time or a situation. For example: This is a quiet place「ここは静かな所です」(ここはしずかなところです). I went to a beautiful place「私は美しい所に行きました」(わたしはうつくしいところにいきました). Additionally, '所' can be used in expressions like '今の所 (いまのところ)', meaning 'for now' or 'at the moment', indicating a temporal context rather than a physical one.

word

等

Meaning

Etc

Reading

Parts

等Equal

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '等 (とう)' is used to indicate a list of items or examples, similar to 'etc.' or 'and so on' in English. It is often attached to nouns to imply that there are additional, unspecified items in the same category. For example: fruits like apples, oranges, etc.「りんご、オレンジ等の果物」(りんご、オレンジとうのかぶつ). books, pens, etc.「本、ペン等」(ほん、ペンとう). This suffix is commonly used in both written and spoken Japanese to avoid listing every single item explicitly. It is important to note that '等' can also be read as 'など' in some contexts, but 'とう' is the more formal reading.

word

持つ

Meaning

Hold, Have

Reading

Parts

持Hold

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verb '持つ (もつ)' can mean 'to hold' or 'to have'. When used to mean 'to hold', it refers to physically grasping or carrying something. For example: she holds a book「彼女は本を持つ」(かのじょはほんをもつ). When used to mean 'to have', it refers to possessing or owning something. For example: I have a car「私は車を持つ」(わたしはくるまをもつ). This verb is versatile and can be used in various contexts, both literal and figurative. It's important to note that '持つ' is often used in combination with other words to form compound verbs, such as '持ち帰る (もちかえる)' (to take home).

word

第

Meaning

Ordinal

Reading

Parts

第Ordinal number

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '第 (だい)' is used to indicate ordinal numbers, similar to '1st', '2nd', '3rd' in English. It is commonly attached to numbers to denote order, rank, or sequence. For example: first place「第一位」(だいいちい). Second chapter「第二章」(だいにしょう). Third time「第三回」(だいさんかい). This prefix is often used in formal or structured contexts, such as academic chapters, competition rankings, or event iterations. It is important to note that '第' is always followed by a number and does not stand alone as a word.

word

取る

Meaning

Take, Get

Reading

Parts

取Take

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verb '取る (とる)' primarily means 'to take' or 'to get'. It is a versatile verb used in various contexts, such as physically taking an object, capturing something, or obtaining something abstract like permission or a photograph. For example: I will take a photo「写真を取ります」(しゃしんをとります). He got permission「彼は許可を取りました」(かれはきょかをとりました). Additionally, it can be used in idiomatic expressions, such as '時間を取る (じかんをとる)' meaning 'to take time'. The verb is often used in everyday conversation and is essential for expressing actions related to acquiring or handling something.

word

使う

Meaning

Use

Reading

Parts

使Use

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verb '使う (つかう)' means 'to use'. It is a common verb that describes the action of utilizing something for a purpose. It can be applied to objects, tools, money, time, or even abstract concepts like methods or strategies. For example: I use a pen to write「ペンを使って書く」(ペンをつかってかく). She uses her time wisely「彼女は時間を上手に使う」(かのじょはじかんをじょうずにつかう). The verb can also imply the act of spending or consuming, such as in 'お金を使う (おかねをつかう) (to spend money)'. It is important to note that '使う' is often used in combination with other verbs to express the means or method of doing something, as in '使ってみる (つかってみる) (to try using)'.

word

他

Meaning

Other, Else

Reading

Parts

他Other (亻)

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '他 (た／ほか)' primarily means 'other' or 'else'. It is used to refer to something or someone different from what has been mentioned or is already known. The reading 'た' is more formal and often used in written contexts, while 'ほか' is more common in spoken language. For example: I have other plans「他に予定があります」(ほかによていがあります). Is there anything else?「他に何かありますか？」(ほかになにかありますか？). The word can also be used to indicate additional items or people, as in 'other people'「他の人」(ほかのひと). It's important to note that '他' can sometimes imply exclusion or contrast, depending on the context.

word

問題

Meaning

Question, Problem

Reading

Parts

問Question, Problem 題Topic

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '問題 (もんだい)' can mean either 'problem' or 'question', depending on the context. As 'problem', it refers to an issue or difficulty that needs to be resolved. For example: there is a problem with the computer「コンピューターに問題がある」(コンピューターにもんだいがある). As 'question', it refers to a query or an item on a test. For example: I have a question「問題があります」(もんだいがあります). This word is commonly used in both academic and everyday situations, and its meaning is usually clear from the context.

word

対する

Meaning

Face, Oppose

Reading

Parts

対Against

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verb '対する (たいする)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to face' or 'to be opposite to', often used in a physical or metaphorical sense. The second meaning is 'to oppose' or 'to confront', indicating a stance against something. This verb is versatile and can be used in various contexts, such as describing physical orientation, emotional confrontation, or opposition in opinions or actions. For example: The house faces the park「その家は公園に対する」(そのいえはこうえんにたいする). He opposed the new policy「彼は新しい政策に対した」(かれはあたらしいせいさくにたいした). It's important to note that '対する' often requires a particle like 'に' to indicate the target of the action.

word

度

Meaning

Time, Degree

Reading

Parts

度Degrees, Times

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '度 (ど)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'degree', referring to the extent, level, or measurement of something, such as temperature or angles. For example: The temperature is 30 degrees「温度は30度です」(おんどは30どです). The second meaning is 'time', referring to an occurrence or instance of an event. For example: This is the first time I've been here「ここに来るのは初めての度です」(ここにくるのははじめてのどです). The word is versatile and context-dependent, so it's important to pay attention to how it's used in sentences.

word

化

Meaning

Change

Reading

Parts

化Change

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '化 (か)' is used to indicate a transformation, change, or conversion into a certain state or condition. It is often attached to nouns to form new nouns or verbs, signifying the process of becoming or making something into the state described by the root word. For example: modernization「近代化」(きんだいか). urbanization「都市化」(としか). It can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as in the word simplification「簡素化」(かんそか). This suffix is versatile and widely used in both technical and everyday language to describe processes of change.

word

次

Meaning

Next

Reading

Parts

次Next

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '次 (つぎ)' means 'next'. It is commonly used to refer to the following item, event, or point in a sequence. For example: the next station is Shinjuku「次の駅は新宿です」(つぎのえきはしんじゅくです). What's next?「次は何ですか？」(つぎはなんですか？). It can also be used in contexts like 'next time' or 'next step'. For instance: see you next time「また次会いましょう」(またつぎあいましょう). The nuance of '次' often implies a continuation or progression in a sequence, making it a versatile word in both casual and formal settings.

word

言葉

Meaning

Word

Reading

Parts

言Say 葉Leaf

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '言葉 (ことば)' refers to 'word' or 'language'. It encompasses spoken or written expressions used to communicate ideas, feelings, or information. This term is often used in contexts discussing communication, linguistics, or the power of language. For example: Her words were kind「彼女の言葉は優しかった」(かのじょのことばはやさしかった). I want to learn Japanese words「日本語の言葉を学びたい」(にほんごのことばをまなびたい). The word can also imply deeper meanings, such as the essence of communication or the way something is expressed.

word

意味

Meaning

Meaning

Reading

Parts

意Idea 味Flavor

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '意味 (いみ)' refers to the 'meaning' or 'significance' of something. It is commonly used to inquire about or explain the definition, purpose, or implication of words, actions, or events. For example: What is the meaning of this word?「この言葉の意味は何ですか？」(このことばのいみはなんですか？). The meaning of life is a profound question「人生の意味は深い質問です」(じんせいのいみはふかいしつもんです). This word is versatile and can be used in both formal and informal contexts.

word

時代

Meaning

Era

Reading

Parts

時Time, Hour 代Substitute, Era

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '時代 (じだい)' refers to a period of time, often characterized by particular events, trends, or cultural aspects. It can be used to describe historical periods, such as the Edo era, or more abstract concepts like the 'digital age'. For example: the Edo era was a peaceful time「江戸時代は平和な時代だった」(えどじだいはへいわなじだいだった). We live in the digital age「私たちはデジタル時代に生きている」(わたしたちはでじたるじだいにいきている). The word can also be used to describe someone's personal 'era' or phase in life, such as 'my student days'「私の学生時代」(わたしのがくせいじだい).

word

全部

Meaning

All

Reading

Parts

全Whole, All 部Section, Department

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '全部 (ぜんぶ)' means 'all' or 'entirely'. It is used to refer to the whole quantity or extent of something, leaving nothing out. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation and can be applied to objects, actions, or abstract concepts. For example: I ate all the cake「ケーキを全部食べた」(ケーキをぜんぶたべた). All the students came「学生は全部来た」(がくせいはぜんぶきた). It can also be used in negative sentences, such as: I didn't understand all of it「全部は分からなかった」(ぜんぶはわからなかった). Note that '全部' is often used with verbs to emphasize completeness.

word

世界

Meaning

World

Reading

Parts

世World, Generation 界World

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '世界 (せかい)' means 'world'. It refers to the entire planet, the global community, or a specific realm or domain. This word is commonly used in contexts discussing global issues, geography, or abstract concepts like 'world of dreams'. For example: The world is vast「世界は広い」(せかいはひろい). I want to travel the world「世界を旅したい」(せかいをたびしたい). It can also be used metaphorically, as in 'the world of art'「芸術の世界」(げいじゅつのせかい).

word

仕事

Meaning

Work

Reading

Parts

仕Serve 事Thing

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '仕事 (しごと)' means 'work'. It refers to one's job, occupation, or tasks performed as part of employment. It can also refer to the act of working itself. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: I have a lot of work today「今日は仕事が多い」(きょうはしごとがおおい). She loves her work「彼女は仕事が大好きです」(かのじょはしごとがだいすきです). The word can also be used in phrases like '仕事をする (しごとをする)' meaning 'to do work' or '仕事を探す (しごとをさがす)' meaning 'to look for a job'.

word

受ける

Meaning

Receive, Undergo

Reading

Parts

受Accept

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verb '受ける (うける)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to receive', which can refer to receiving objects, messages, or even abstract things like attention or treatment. For example: I received a gift「プレゼントを受けた」(ぷれぜんとをうけた). The second meaning is 'to undergo', often used in contexts like taking a test or experiencing something. For example: I took an exam「試験を受けた」(しけんをうけた). The verb is versatile and can be used in various contexts, but its core meanings revolve around receiving or experiencing something.

word

飲み物

Meaning

Drink

Reading

Parts

飲Drink 物Thing

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '飲み物 (のみもの)' means 'drink'. It refers to any beverage that can be consumed, such as water, tea, coffee, or juice. This word is commonly used in everyday conversations when discussing what to drink or offering someone a beverage. For example: What would you like to drink?「何か飲み物はいかがですか？」(なにかのみものはいかがですか). I bought some drinks at the store「店で飲み物を買いました」(みせでのみものをかいました). It's important to note that '飲み物' is a general term and can refer to both alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages, depending on the context.

word

相手

Meaning

Partner

Reading

Parts

相Mutual 手Hand

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '相手 (あいて)' primarily means 'partner' or 'opponent'. It refers to someone you interact with, whether in a cooperative or competitive context. For example: my tennis partner「私のテニスの相手」(わたしのテニスのあいて). He is a strong opponent「彼は強い相手だ」(かれはつよいあいてだ). The word can also imply a sense of mutual engagement, such as in a conversation or relationship. For instance: she is a good listener「彼女は良い聞き手の相手だ」(かのじょはよいききてのあいてだ). Note that the context often determines whether '相手' refers to a partner, opponent, or someone you are interacting with.

word

始める

Meaning

Start

Reading

Parts

始Begin

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verb '始める (はじめる)' means 'to start' or 'to begin'. It is used to indicate the beginning of an action, event, or process. This verb is often paired with another verb in its stem form to express starting to do something, such as '食べ始める (たべはじめる)' (to start eating). For example: I started studying Japanese「日本語を勉強し始めた」(にほんごをべんきょうしはじめた). She began to cry「彼女は泣き始めた」(かのじょはなきはじめた). The verb can also stand alone to indicate the start of something, like 'The meeting started「会議が始まった」(かいぎがはじまった)'. Note that '始める' is a transitive verb, so it often takes a direct object.

word

勉強

Meaning

Study

Reading

Parts

勉Exertion 強Strong

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '勉強 (べんきょう)' primarily means 'study'. It refers to the act of learning or acquiring knowledge, often through formal education or self-directed efforts. This word is commonly used in contexts related to education, such as studying for exams or learning new skills. For example: I study Japanese every day「毎日日本語を勉強します」(まいにちにほんごをべんきょうします). She is studying hard for her exams「彼女は試験のために一生懸命勉強しています」(かのじょはしけんのためにいっしょうけんめいべんきょうしています). Additionally, '勉強' can sometimes imply a sense of effort or hard work, not just academic study. It can also be used in a broader sense to mean 'learning through experience' or 'gaining knowledge through practice'.

word

悪い

Meaning

Bad

Reading

Parts

悪Evil

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '悪い (わるい)' primarily means 'bad'. It is used to describe something that is of poor quality, harmful, or undesirable. It can also imply guilt or wrongdoing. For example: This is bad news「これは悪いニュースです」(これはわるいニュースです). I feel bad about lying「嘘をついて悪いと思っている」(うそをついてわるいとおもっている). Additionally, '悪い' can be used in polite expressions to apologize or express inconvenience, such as 'ごめん、悪いね' (ごめん、わるいね) meaning 'Sorry, my bad.'

word

感ずる

Meaning

Feel

Reading

Parts

感Feeling, Sensation

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verb '感ずる (かんずる)' means 'to feel' or 'to sense'. It is often used to describe a strong emotional or intuitive response to something. This verb is more formal and literary compared to its more common counterpart '感じる (かんじる)'. It can be used in various contexts, such as feeling emotions, sensing danger, or perceiving a change. Example sentences: I feel a sense of danger「危険を感ずる」(きけんをかんずる). She felt a deep sadness「彼女は深い悲しみを感ずる」(かのじょはふかいかなしみをかんずる). Note that '感ずる' is often used in written language or formal speech.

word

代

Meaning

Generation

Reading

Parts

代Substitute, Era

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '代 (だい)' is used to indicate a generation or era. It is commonly attached to numbers or names to specify a particular generation or time period. For example: the 80s generation「80代」(はちじゅうだい). The Heisei era「平成代」(へいせいだい). This suffix can also be used to refer to a person's age group, such as '20代 (にじゅうだい)' meaning 'in one's 20s'. It is important to note that '代' can also mean 'price' or 'cost' in other contexts, but this is a separate and unrelated meaning.

word

部

Meaning

Club

Reading

Parts

部Section, Department

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '部 (ぶ)' is commonly used to denote a club, group, or department, particularly in schools or organizations. It is attached to a noun to specify the type of club or department. For example: tennis club「テニス部」(てにすぶ). This suffix is widely used in educational settings to refer to extracurricular activities. Another example: music club「音楽部」(おんがくぶ). It can also refer to departments within a company, such as sales department「営業部」(えいぎょうぶ). The suffix is versatile and context-dependent, but it consistently refers to a group or division with a specific focus.

word

図書館

Meaning

Library

Reading

Parts

図Map 書Write 館Building

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '図書館 (としょかん)' refers to a 'library', a place where books, magazines, and other materials are kept for reading, studying, or borrowing. It is a common word used in everyday conversation and formal contexts. For example: I went to the library「図書館に行きました」(としょかんにいきました). The library is quiet「図書館は静かです」(としょかんはしずかです). This word is often used in combination with other words to specify the type of library, such as 'public library' (公立図書館, こうりつとしょかん) or 'university library' (大学図書館, だいがくとしょかん).

word

気持ち

Meaning

Feeling

Reading

Parts

気Spirit 持Hold

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '気持ち (きもち)' primarily means 'feeling' or 'emotion'. It refers to one's emotional state, physical sensation, or even a sense of something. It is a versatile word used in various contexts, such as expressing emotions, physical comfort, or opinions. For example: I feel happy「気持ちがいい」(きもちがいい). This bed is comfortable「このベッドは気持ちがいい」(このベッドはきもちがいい). It can also express gratitude or goodwill, as in 'Thank you for your kind feelings'「気持ちをありがとう」(きもちをありがとう). Note that '気持ち' can sometimes imply a sense of physical comfort or discomfort, depending on the context.

word

全く

Meaning

Completely

Reading

Parts

全Whole, All

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '全く (まったく)' means 'completely' or 'entirely'. It is often used to emphasize the degree or extent of something, either positively or negatively. For example: I completely forgot「全く忘れていた」(まったくわすれていた). It can also be used to express agreement or confirmation, similar to 'exactly' or 'absolutely'. For example: That's exactly right!「全くその通り！」(まったくそのとおり！). In negative contexts, it can mean 'not at all', as in: I don't understand at all「全く分からない」(まったくわからない). This adverb is versatile and commonly used in both casual and formal speech.

word

県

Meaning

Prefecture

Reading

Parts

県Prefecture

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '県 (けん)' refers to a 'prefecture', which is an administrative division in Japan, similar to a state or province in other countries. Japan is divided into 47 prefectures, each with its own local government. This term is commonly used in addresses, official documents, and when discussing regional differences. For example: I live in Tokyo Prefecture「私は東京都に住んでいます」(わたしはとうきょうとにすんでいます). Kyoto Prefecture is beautiful「京都県は美しい」(きょうとけんはうつくしい). Note that some prefectures, like Tokyo (東京都, とうきょうと), use '都' instead of '県' in their names.

word

自転車

Meaning

Bicycle

Reading

Parts

自Self 転Revolve 車Car

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '自転車 (じてんしゃ)' means 'bicycle'. It refers to a two-wheeled vehicle powered by pedals, commonly used for transportation or recreation. This word is widely used in everyday conversations and is neutral in tone. Example sentences: I ride a bicycle to school「私は自転車で学校に行きます」(わたしはじてんしゃでがっこうにいきます). This bicycle is new「この自転車は新しいです」(このじてんしゃはあたらしいです). The word can also be used in compound phrases, such as '電動自転車 (でんどうじてんしゃ)' (electric bicycle).

word

ご主人

Meaning

Husband

Reading

Parts

主Master 人Person

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ご主人 (ごしゅじん)' is a polite term used to refer to someone else's husband. It is a respectful way to address or mention another person's spouse, often used in formal or polite conversations. For example: Her husband is kind「ご主人は優しいです」(ごしゅじんはやさしいです). I met her husband yesterday「昨日、ご主人に会いました」(きのう、ごしゅじんにあいました). It is important to note that this term is not used to refer to one's own husband; for that, '主人 (しゅじん)' or '夫 (おっと)' is more appropriate. The prefix 'ご' adds a level of politeness, making it suitable for formal contexts.

word

病気

Meaning

Illness

Reading

Parts

病Illness 気Spirit

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '病気 (びょうき)' means 'illness' or 'disease'. It refers to a state of poor health or a specific medical condition. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to describe physical or mental health issues. For example: He has a serious illness「彼は重い病気です」(かれはおもいびょうきです). I caught a cold and got sick「風邪をひいて病気になりました」(かぜをひいてびょうきになりました). It can also be used metaphorically to describe societal or systemic issues, such as 'the illness of society' (社会の病気, しゃかいのびょうき).

word

感じる

Meaning

Feel

Reading

Parts

感Feeling, Sensation

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verb '感じる (かんじる)' means 'to feel'. It is used to express the perception of physical sensations, emotions, or impressions. This verb can describe both tangible and intangible feelings, such as touch, emotions, or intuitive understanding. For example: I feel the warmth of the sun「太陽の暖かさを感じる」(たいようのあたたかさをかんじる). She felt a sense of relief「彼女は安堵を感じた」(かのじょはあんどをかんじた). It can also be used to express a sense of something, like 'I feel that something is wrong'「何かがおかしいと感じる」(なにかがおかしいとかんじる). The verb is versatile and commonly used in both casual and formal contexts.

word

飲む

Meaning

Drink

Reading

Parts

飲Drink

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verb '飲む (のむ)' means 'to drink'. It is used to describe the action of consuming liquids, such as water, tea, or alcohol. This verb is commonly used in everyday conversation and can be applied to various contexts. For example: I drink coffee every morning「毎朝コーヒーを飲む」(まいあさコーヒーをのむ). He drinks a lot of water「彼はたくさんの水を飲む」(かれはたくさんのみずをのむ). Additionally, '飲む' can also be used metaphorically, such as in the phrase 'to swallow (a story)'「話を飲む」(はなしをのむ), meaning to believe something without question.

word

部屋

Meaning

Room

Reading

Parts

部Section, Department 屋Shop, Roof

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '部屋 (へや)' means 'room'. It refers to a space within a building, enclosed by walls, a floor, and a ceiling, typically used for a specific purpose such as living, sleeping, or working. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation to describe rooms in homes, offices, or other buildings. For example: This room is bright「この部屋は明るい」(このへやはあかるい). I cleaned my room「私は部屋を掃除した」(わたしはへやをそうじした). The word can also be used in compound nouns, such as '寝室 (しんしつ) (bedroom)' or '会議室 (かいぎしつ) (meeting room)', but '部屋' alone generally refers to a generic room.

word

部分

Meaning

Part

Reading

Parts

部Section, Department 分Minute, Part

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '部分 (ぶぶん)' means 'part'. It refers to a section or portion of a whole, and can be used in various contexts, such as physical objects, abstract concepts, or even time. For example: this is the most important part「これが最も重要な部分です」(これがもっともじゅうようなぶぶんです). I only understood part of the story「話の部分しか理解できなかった」(はなしのぶぶんしかりかいできなかった). The word is often used in combination with other nouns to specify a particular part, such as '車の部分 (くるまのぶぶん) (part of the car)' or '計画の部分 (けいかくのぶぶん) (part of the plan)'.

word

実

Meaning

Truth

Reading

Parts

実Fruit, Truth

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '実 (じつ)' primarily means 'truth' or 'reality'. It refers to something that is genuine, factual, or real, as opposed to something imagined or false. This word is often used in contexts where the authenticity or actual state of something is being emphasized. For example: He told the truth「彼は実を言った」(かれはじつをいった). The reality is different from what we expected「実は私たちが予想したのとは違う」(じつはわたしたちがよそうしたのとはちがう). Additionally, '実' can sometimes refer to 'fruit' in a botanical context, but this is a separate and less common meaning.

word

理由

Meaning

Reason

Reading

Parts

理Reason 由Reason

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '理由 (りゆう)' means 'reason'. It refers to the cause, explanation, or justification for something. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to explain why something happened or why someone did something. For example: What is the reason for your absence?「欠席の理由は何ですか？」(けっせきのりゆうはなんですか？). There is no reason to worry「心配する理由はない」(しんぱいするりゆうはない). It can also be used in legal or logical contexts to denote grounds or rationale.

word

身

Meaning

Body

Reading

Parts

身Body, Self

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '身 (み)' primarily means 'body'. It refers to the physical form of a person or animal. However, it can also be used metaphorically to refer to one's self or one's life. For example: protect your body「身を守りなさい」(みをまもりなさい). He risked his life「彼は身を危険にさらした」(かれはみをきけんにさらした). Additionally, '身' can sometimes refer to the flesh of fruits or the edible part of something, as in 'the flesh of the fruit is sweet「果物の身は甘い」(くだもののみはあまい)'. This word is versatile and context-dependent, so its meaning can shift slightly based on usage.

word

神

Meaning

God

Reading

Parts

神God

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '神 (かみ)' refers to a 'god' or 'deity'. In Japanese culture, this term is used to describe a wide range of divine beings, from the gods of Shinto (kami) to deities in other religions. It can also refer to a spirit or a revered figure. For example: The god of this shrine is powerful「この神社の神は強い」(このじんじゃのかみはつよい). People pray to the gods for good fortune「人々は幸運を祈って神に祈る」(ひとびとはこううんをいのってかみにいのる). The term can also be used metaphorically to describe someone with exceptional skill or talent, such as '彼は料理の神だ' (かれはりょうりのかみだ) (He is a god of cooking).

word

場所

Meaning

Place

Reading

Parts

場Place 所Place

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '場所 (ばしょ)' means 'place'. It refers to a specific location or spot, and can be used in various contexts to indicate where something is or where an event occurs. For example: this is a quiet place「ここは静かな場所です」(ここはしずかなばしょです). I forgot the place where we met「私たちが会った場所を忘れました」(わたしたちがであったばしょをわすれました). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe a position or role, such as in '彼には彼の場所がある (かれにはかれのばしょがある) (He has his place).'

word

開く

Meaning

Open

Reading

Parts

開Open

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verb '開く (ひらく)' primarily means 'to open'. It is used to describe the action of opening something, such as a door, a book, or an event. This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe opening opportunities or starting something new. For example: Please open the door「ドアを開いてください」(ドアをひらいてください). The store opens at 9 AM「その店は午前9時に開く」(そのみせはごぜんくじにひらく). Additionally, '開く' can be used in the context of events, such as 'The festival opens tomorrow'「その祭りは明日開く」(そのまつりはあしたひらく). Note that '開く' can also be read as 'あく', which has a slightly different nuance, often implying something opens by itself or is already open.

word

死ぬ

Meaning

Die

Reading

Parts

死Death

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verb '死ぬ (しぬ)' means 'to die'. It is used to describe the act of ceasing to live, whether referring to humans, animals, or even plants. This verb is neutral in tone and can be used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: the bird died「鳥が死んだ」(とりがしんだ). He died in an accident「彼は事故で死んだ」(かれはじこでしんだ). It is important to note that '死ぬ' is an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object. Additionally, it is often used in expressions like '死にたい (しにたい)' (want to die) or '死んでしまった (しんでしまった)' (has died), which convey strong emotional states or irreversible outcomes.

word

待つ

Meaning

Wait

Reading

Parts

待Wait

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verb '待つ (まつ)' means 'to wait'. It is used to describe the action of staying in a place or delaying action until a particular time or event occurs. This verb is commonly used in everyday conversations and can be paired with various particles to indicate what or whom one is waiting for. For example: I will wait for you「あなたを待つ」(あなたをまつ). Please wait a moment「ちょっと待ってください」(ちょっとまってください). The verb can also be used in more abstract contexts, such as waiting for an opportunity or waiting for something to happen. It is important to note that '待つ' is often used in its te-form '待って (まって)' when making requests or giving instructions.

word

自身

Meaning

Self

Reading

Parts

自Self 身Body, Self

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '自身 (じしん)' means 'self' or 'oneself'. It is used to emphasize the subject or object of a sentence, often to indicate that the action or state is directly related to the person or thing in question. It can be used in various contexts, such as personal responsibility, self-reflection, or to stress individuality. For example: I will do it myself「私は自身でやります」(わたしはじしんでやります). He himself said so「彼自身がそう言いました」(かれじしんがそういいました). The word can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as in 'the problem itself'「問題自身」(もんだいじしん).

word

館

Meaning

Hall

Reading

Parts

館Building

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '館 (かん)' is commonly used to denote a building or facility dedicated to a specific purpose. It is often attached to nouns to form compound words that describe the type of building or establishment. For example: library「図書館」(としょかん), museum「博物館」(はくぶつかん), gym「体育館」(たいいくかん). This suffix is widely used in names of public and private buildings, indicating their function or the activities that take place there.

word

事業

Meaning

Business

Reading

Parts

事Thing 業Business

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '事業 (じぎょう)' refers to a business, enterprise, or project. It is often used to describe commercial activities, large-scale operations, or initiatives undertaken by companies, organizations, or individuals. This term can apply to both for-profit and non-profit ventures. For example: He started a new business「彼は新しい事業を始めた」(かれはあたらしいじぎょうをはじめた). The company is expanding its overseas operations「その会社は海外事業を拡大している」(そのかいしゃはかいがいじぎょうをかくだいしている). Note that '事業' often implies a formal or structured undertaking, distinguishing it from smaller-scale or informal activities.

word

深い

Meaning

Deep

Reading

Parts

深Deep

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '深い (ふかい)' means 'deep'. It is used to describe physical depth, such as a deep hole or ocean, as well as abstract concepts like deep emotions, thoughts, or relationships. For example: The ocean is deep「海は深い」(うみはふかい). His thoughts are deep「彼の考えは深い」(かれのかんがえはふかい). It can also describe intensity, such as deep sleep or deep colors. For example: She is in a deep sleep「彼女は深い眠りについている」(かのじょはふかいねむりについている). The nuance of '深い' often implies something profound or significant beyond surface-level understanding.

word

文化

Meaning

Culture

Reading

Parts

文Sentence 化Change

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '文化 (ぶんか)' means 'culture'. It refers to the customs, arts, social institutions, and achievements of a particular nation, people, or other social group. This term is often used in discussions about traditions, societal norms, and the arts. For example: Japanese culture is fascinating「日本の文化は魅力的です」(にほんのぶんかはみりょくてきです). We should respect other cultures「他の文化を尊重すべきです」(ほかのぶんかをそんちょうすべきです). The word can also be used in compound nouns, such as '文化交流 (ぶんかこうりゅう)' meaning 'cultural exchange'.

word

家族

Meaning

Family

Reading

Parts

家House 族Family

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '家族 (かぞく)' means 'family'. It refers to a group of people related by blood, marriage, or adoption, typically living together. This word is commonly used in everyday conversations to talk about one's own family or someone else's family. For example: My family is big「私の家族は大きいです」(わたしのかぞくはおおきいです). His family lives in Tokyo「彼の家族は東京に住んでいます」(かれのかぞくはとうきょうにすんでいます). The word can also be used in broader contexts, such as '家族旅行 (かぞくりょこう)' (family trip) or '家族写真 (かぞくしゃしん)' (family photo).

word

向かう

Meaning

Head, Face

Reading

Parts

向Facing, Yonder

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verb '向かう (むかう)' can mean 'to head (toward)' or 'to face (a direction or situation)'. It is used to indicate movement toward a destination or confronting a situation. For example: he is heading toward the station「彼は駅に向かっている」(かれはえきにむかっている). We must face the challenges「私たちは課題に向かわなければならない」(わたしたちはかだいにむかわなければならない). The verb can also imply a sense of purpose or determination in the direction one is moving or facing.

word

感

Meaning

Feeling

Reading

Parts

感Feeling, Sensation

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '感 (かん)' refers to a 'feeling' or 'sense'. It is often used to describe an emotional or physical sensation, or a perception of something. This word is commonly used in compound words to express specific types of feelings or senses, such as '安心感 (あんしんかん)' (a sense of security) or '違和感 (いわかん)' (a sense of discomfort). For example: I have a strange feeling「変な感がある」(へんなかんがある). She has a strong sense of responsibility「彼女は責任感が強い」(かのじょはせきにんかんがつよい). Note that '感' is often used in abstract or emotional contexts, and it can be paired with other kanji to create nuanced meanings.

word

終わる

Meaning

End

Reading

Parts

終End

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verb '終わる (おわる)' means 'to end' or 'to finish'. It is used to describe the conclusion of an event, activity, or period of time. This verb is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: The meeting ended「会議が終わった」(かいぎがおわった). The movie will end soon「映画はもうすぐ終わる」(えいがはもうすぐおわる). When used in the passive form, it can imply that something has come to an end naturally or without direct intervention, as in 'The party ended without any problems'「パーティーは問題なく終わった」(パーティーはもんだいなくおわった).

word

号

Meaning

Number, Edition

Reading

Parts

号Number

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '号 (ごう)' is commonly used to denote a number or edition. It can be attached to numbers to indicate a specific issue, version, or model, such as in train numbers, magazine issues, or ship names. For example: This is the 3rd edition「これは3号です」(これはさんごうです). The train is number 12「その電車は12号です」(そのでんしゃはじゅうにごうです). It can also be used in names of ships or vehicles, like 'Yamato号 (やまとごう)', meaning 'Yamato ship'. The suffix is versatile and context-dependent, often indicating a specific instance within a series.

word

写真

Meaning

Photo

Reading

Parts

写Copy, Photograph 真Truth

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '写真 (しゃしん)' means 'photo' or 'photograph'. It refers to a picture taken with a camera or similar device. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation and can refer to both physical and digital photos. For example: I took a photo「写真を撮りました」(しゃしんをとりました). This is a beautiful photo「これは美しい写真です」(これはうつくしいしゃしんです). The word can also be used in compound terms, such as '写真集 (しゃしんしゅう)' (photo album) or '写真家 (しゃしんか)' (photographer).

word

感じ

Meaning

Feeling

Reading

Parts

感Feeling, Sensation

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '感じ (かんじ)' means 'feeling'. It refers to the sensation, impression, or atmosphere that something or someone gives off. It can describe both physical sensations and emotional impressions. For example: I have a good feeling about this「これにはいい感じがする」(これにはいいかんじがする). The atmosphere of this place is nice「この場所の感じがいい」(このばしょのかんじがいい). It can also be used to describe the texture or vibe of something, such as 'the feel of the fabric'「布の感じ」(ぬのかんじ). This word is versatile and often used in casual and formal contexts alike.

word

乗る

Meaning

Ride, Board

Reading

Parts

乗Ride

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verb '乗る (のる)' primarily means 'to ride' or 'to board'. It is used when getting on or into a vehicle, such as a train, bus, or bicycle. For example: I will ride the train「電車に乗る」(でんしゃにのる). She boarded the bus「彼女はバスに乗った」(かのじょはバスにのった). Additionally, it can be used metaphorically, such as 'to go along with' or 'to take advantage of', as in 'to ride the wave of success'. However, the most common usage is related to transportation.

word

屋

Meaning

Person, Shop

Reading

Parts

屋Shop, Roof

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '屋 (や)' has two primary meanings. First, it is commonly used to denote a shop or store that sells a specific type of goods. For example: a bookstore「本屋」(ほんや). Second, it can also refer to a person who is associated with a particular trait, profession, or characteristic. For example: a hard worker「働き屋」(はたらきや). The suffix is versatile and widely used in everyday language. Example sentences: I bought this at the flower shop「これを花屋で買いました」(これをはなやでかいました). He is a real workaholic「彼は本当の働き屋です」(かれはほんとうのはたらきやです).

word

事実

Meaning

Fact

Reading

Parts

事Thing 実Fruit, Truth

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '事実 (じじつ)' means 'fact'. It refers to something that is true or has actually happened, often used in contexts where objective reality or truth is being discussed. For example: The fact is undeniable「事実は否定できない」(じじつはひていできない). He presented the facts clearly「彼は事実を明確に提示した」(かれはじじつをめいかくにていじした). This word is commonly used in formal or serious discussions, such as in news reports, legal contexts, or academic writing. It can also be used to contrast with opinions or assumptions, emphasizing the importance of truth and evidence.

word

昔

Meaning

Past

Reading

Parts

昔Old times

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '昔 (むかし)' refers to 'the past' or 'olden times'. It is used to describe a time long ago, often with a nostalgic or historical connotation. This word is commonly used in storytelling or when reminiscing about earlier days. For example: In the past, this town was very quiet「昔、この町はとても静かだった」(むかし、このまちはとてもしずかだった). Long ago, people used to travel by horse「昔、人々は馬で旅をした」(むかし、ひとびとはうまでたびをした). The word '昔' can also be used in expressions like '昔話 (むかしばなし)', which means 'old tale' or 'folktale'.

word

君

Meaning

You

Reading

Parts

君Ruler, You

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese pronoun '君 (きみ)' is an informal way to say 'you'. It is typically used by males and can carry a sense of familiarity or intimacy, often used among friends, peers, or when addressing someone of lower status. However, it can also sound condescending if used inappropriately, so caution is advised. Example sentences: You are kind「君は優しい」(きみはやさしい). I like you「君が好きだ」(きみがすきだ). Note that '君' is less formal than 'あなた' and is rarely used in polite or professional settings.

word

員

Meaning

Member

Reading

Parts

員Member

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '員 (いん)' is used to denote a member or a person associated with a particular group, organization, or role. It is commonly attached to nouns to indicate someone's affiliation or position. For example: company employee「会社員」(かいしゃいん). staff member「職員」(しょくいん). This suffix is versatile and can be used in various contexts to specify a person's role within a group or organization.

word

客

Meaning

Guest, Customer

Reading

Parts

客Guest, Customer

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '客 (きゃく)' can mean both 'guest' and 'customer', depending on the context. When referring to a 'guest', it is often used in social or hospitality settings, such as inviting someone to your home or a hotel guest. For example: The guest arrived「客が来た」(きゃくがきた). When referring to a 'customer', it is commonly used in business or retail contexts, such as a store or restaurant. For example: The customer is waiting「客が待っている」(きゃくがまっている). The word can also imply a sense of respect or formality, as in treating someone as an honored guest or valued customer.

word

全体

Meaning

Whole

Reading

Parts

全Whole, All 体Body

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '全体 (ぜんたい)' means 'whole' or 'entirety'. It refers to the complete or total extent of something, often used to describe the entirety of a group, object, or situation. For example: the whole picture「全体の絵」(ぜんたいのえ). The entire team is here「全体のチームがここにいる」(ぜんたいのチームがここにいる). This word is commonly used in contexts where the focus is on the entirety rather than individual parts. It can also imply a sense of unity or completeness, as in '全体の意見 (ぜんたいのいけん) (the whole opinion)'.

word

病院

Meaning

Hospital

Reading

Parts

病Illness 院Institution

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '病院 (びょういん)' means 'hospital'. It refers to a medical institution where patients receive treatment, care, and diagnosis. This word is commonly used in everyday conversations when discussing health, medical visits, or emergencies. For example: I went to the hospital「病院に行きました」(びょういんにいきました). The hospital is nearby「病院は近くです」(びょういんはちかくです). It is important to note that '病院' is distinct from 'クリニック (くりにっく)', which typically refers to smaller clinics or private practices.

word

期

Meaning

Period

Reading

Parts

期Time, Period

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '期 (き)' is used to denote a specific period, phase, or stage. It is often attached to nouns to indicate a time frame or a particular stage in a process. For example: the rainy season「梅雨期」(つゆき). The growth period「成長期」(せいちょうき). This suffix is commonly used in contexts related to seasons, development, or historical periods. It is important to note that '期' is not used alone but always as a suffix attached to another noun to specify the period or phase being referred to.

word

送る

Meaning

Send

Reading

Parts

送Send

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verb '送る (おくる)' primarily means 'to send'. It is used when referring to sending physical items, such as letters or packages, as well as abstract things like messages or emails. For example: I will send a letter「手紙を送ります」(てがみをおくります). He sent me an email「彼は私にメールを送りました」(かれはわたしにメールをおくりました). Additionally, '送る' can also be used in the context of spending time or seeing someone off, but these uses are less common and context-dependent. For example: We spent a peaceful evening「平和な夜を送りました」(へいわなよるをおくりました). I saw my friend off at the station「友達を駅で送りました」(ともだちをえきでおくりました).

word

始まる

Meaning

Begin

Reading

Parts

始Begin

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verb '始まる (はじまる)' means 'to begin' or 'to start'. It is an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object. This verb is commonly used to indicate the start of events, activities, or processes. For example: The meeting will begin soon「会議はすぐに始まります」(かいぎはすぐにはじまります). The festival starts tomorrow「祭りは明日始まります」(まつりはあしたはじまります). Note that '始まる' is often used in contrast to '始める (はじめる)', which is the transitive form of the verb and requires a direct object. For instance, '始める' would be used when someone starts something, like 'I will start the project'「プロジェクトを始めます」(ぷろじぇくとをはじめます).

word

起こる

Meaning

Happen

Reading

Parts

起Wake up

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verb '起こる (おこる)' means 'to happen' or 'to occur'. It is used to describe events or incidents that take place, often unexpectedly or naturally. This verb is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: An accident happened「事故が起こった」(じこがおこった). A big earthquake occurred「大きな地震が起こった」(おおきなじしんがおこった). The verb '起こる' is intransitive, meaning it does not take a direct object. It is often used with natural phenomena, accidents, or significant events. Note that '起こる' is different from '起きる (おきる)', which can mean 'to wake up' or 'to occur' but is more commonly used for waking up.

word

商品

Meaning

Product

Reading

Parts

商Trade, Deal 品Product

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '商品 (しょうひん)' refers to a 'product' or 'goods' that are manufactured or produced for sale. It is commonly used in contexts related to commerce, retail, and business. For example: This store sells high-quality products「この店は高品質の商品を売っています」(このみせはこうひんしつのしょうひんをうっています). The new product will be released next month「新しい商品は来月発売されます」(あたらしいしょうひんはらいげつはつばいされます). The term can also refer to items available for purchase in a store or online, emphasizing their commercial value.

word

式

Meaning

Ceremony, Formula

Reading

Parts

式Style, Ceremony

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '式 (しき)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'ceremony', referring to formal events such as weddings, funerals, or other rituals. For example: The wedding ceremony was beautiful「結婚式は美しかった」(けっこんしきはうつくしかった). The second meaning is 'formula', often used in mathematical, scientific, or technical contexts. For example: This formula is difficult to understand「この式は理解しにくい」(このしきはりかいしにくい). The word '式' is versatile and its meaning depends heavily on the context in which it is used.

word

進む

Meaning

Advance, Progress

Reading

Parts

進Advance

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verb '進む (すすむ)' primarily means 'to advance' or 'to progress'. It is used to describe forward movement, whether physical, such as moving ahead in space, or metaphorical, such as making progress in a project or situation. For example: The car advanced slowly「車はゆっくり進んだ」(くるまはゆっくりすすんだ). The project is progressing well「プロジェクトは順調に進んでいる」(プロジェクトはじゅんちょうにすすんでいる). Additionally, '進む' can also imply moving forward in time or making a decision, as in: Time advances quickly「時間は早く進む」(じかんははやくすすむ). He decided to proceed with the plan「彼はその計画を進めることにした」(かれはそのけいかくをすすめることにした).

word

銀行

Meaning

Bank

Reading

Parts

銀Silver 行Go

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '銀行 (ぎんこう)' refers to a financial institution where people deposit, withdraw, or borrow money. It is commonly used in everyday conversations when discussing financial matters. For example: I went to the bank「銀行に行きました」(ぎんこうにいきました). The bank is closed today「銀行は今日休みです」(ぎんこうはきょうやすみです). This word is essential for discussing banking services, such as opening an account or applying for a loan.

word

住む

Meaning

Live

Reading

Parts

住Live

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verb '住む (すむ)' means 'to live' or 'to reside'. It is used to describe where someone lives or resides, whether it's a city, country, or specific type of dwelling. This verb is commonly used in everyday conversation to talk about one's place of residence. For example: I live in Tokyo「私は東京に住んでいます」(わたしはとうきょうにすんでいます). They live in a big house「彼らは大きな家に住んでいる」(かれらはおおきないえにすんでいる). It can also be used in more abstract contexts, such as 'living in peace'「平和に住む」(へいわにすむ). Note that this verb is often paired with location particles like に (ni) to indicate the place of residence.

word

都市

Meaning

City

Reading

Parts

都Metropolis 市City, Market

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '都市 (とし)' refers to a 'city', typically a large and densely populated urban area. It is used to describe major urban centers, often in contrast to rural areas or smaller towns. The term carries a sense of modernity, infrastructure, and economic activity. Example sentences: Tokyo is a big city「東京は大きな都市です」(とうきょうはおおきなとしです). Many people move to cities for work「多くの人が仕事のために都市に引っ越します」(おおくのひとがしごとのためにとしにひっこします).

word

面

Meaning

Face, Surface

Reading

Parts

面Face, Surface

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '面 (めん)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'face', referring to the front part of a person's head. For example: He has a kind face「彼は優しい面をしている」(かれはやさしいめんをしている). The second meaning is 'surface', referring to the outer or top layer of an object. For example: The surface of the water is calm「水面は穏やかだ」(すいめんはおだやかだ). This word can also be used in compound words to denote specific types of surfaces or faces, such as '水面 (すいめん)' (water surface) or '顔面 (がんめん)' (facial surface).

word

時期

Meaning

Period

Reading

Parts

時Time, Hour 期Time, Period

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '時期 (じき)' refers to a specific period or time frame. It is often used to denote a particular season, era, or phase in time. This word can be applied in various contexts, such as historical periods, seasonal changes, or stages in a process. For example: the cherry blossom season is the best period to visit Japan「桜の時期は日本を訪れるのに最適な時期です」(さくらのじきはにほんをおとずれるのにさいてきなじきです). The period of economic growth was short「経済成長の時期は短かった」(けいざいせいちょうのじきはみじかかった). It's important to note that '時期' can also imply a sense of timing or appropriateness, as in 'the right time' or 'the right period' for something to occur.

word

表

Meaning

Table

Reading

Parts

表Surface, Express

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '表 (ひょう)' means 'table'. This word is used to refer to a structured arrangement of data, typically in rows and columns, often used for organizing information. It is commonly seen in contexts such as spreadsheets, charts, or schedules. For example: Please check the table「表を確認してください」(ひょうをかくにんしてください). The data is summarized in this table「データはこの表にまとめられています」(データはこのひょうにまとめられています). Note that '表' can also refer to a 'surface' or 'front' in other contexts, but this meaning is less common and unrelated to the primary meaning of 'table'.

word

動く

Meaning

Move

Reading

Parts

動Move

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verb '動く (うごく)' means 'to move'. It is used to describe physical movement of objects, people, or parts of the body. It can also be used metaphorically to describe changes in situations or emotions. For example: The car is moving「車が動いている」(くるまがうごいている). My heart moves when I see her「彼女を見ると心が動く」(かのじょをみるとこころがうごく). Additionally, it can be used in technical contexts, such as machinery or systems, to indicate operation or functioning. For example: The machine is not moving「機械が動いていない」(きかいがうごいていない).

word

役

Meaning

Role

Reading

Parts

役Duty

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '役 (やく)' primarily means 'role'. It is used to describe a part or function that someone or something has in a particular situation, such as in a play, job, or society. For example: He played the role of a villain「彼は悪役を演じた」(かれはあくやくをえんじた). This word can also refer to a duty or responsibility, as in: It's my role to take care of the children「子供の世話をするのは私の役です」(こどものせわをするのはわたしのやくです). Additionally, '役' can be used in compound words like '役割 (やくわり)' which also means 'role' or 'function'.

word

決める

Meaning

Decide

Reading

Parts

決Decide

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verb '決める (きめる)' means 'to decide'. It is used when making a choice or settling on a particular course of action. This verb can be applied to a wide range of situations, from everyday decisions to more significant life choices. For example: I decided to go to Japan「日本に行くことを決めた」(にほんにいくことをきめた). She decided on the red dress「彼女は赤いドレスを決めた」(かのじょはあかいドレスをきめた). The verb can also be used in the sense of 'to determine' or 'to set', as in setting a date or determining a rule. It is a versatile verb that is commonly used in both casual and formal contexts.

word

作品

Meaning

Work

Reading

Parts

作Make 品Product

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '作品 (さくひん)' refers to a 'work' or 'piece of art', typically created by an artist, writer, or creator. It is commonly used to describe creative outputs such as paintings, sculptures, literature, music, or films. For example: This is a famous work of art「これは有名な作品です」(これはゆうめいなさくひんです). I want to see his latest work「彼の最新の作品を見たいです」(かれのさいしんのさくひんをみたいです). The word emphasizes the creative or artistic nature of the output and is often used in contexts related to art, culture, and entertainment.

word

食事

Meaning

Meal

Reading

Parts

食Eat, Food 事Thing

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '食事 (しょくじ)' refers to a 'meal'. It is used to describe the act of eating or the food consumed during a meal. This term is commonly used in daily conversations and can refer to any meal, such as breakfast, lunch, or dinner. For example: I had a meal with my family「家族と食事をしました」(かぞくとしょくじをしました). Let's have a meal together「一緒に食事をしましょう」(いっしょにしょくじをしましょう). The word can also be used in compound words, such as '朝食 (ちょうしょく)' for breakfast or '夕食 (ゆうしょく)' for dinner, but '食事' itself is a general term for any meal.

word

工事

Meaning

Construction

Reading

Parts

工Construction 事Thing

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '工事 (こうじ)' refers to 'construction' or 'construction work'. It is commonly used to describe the process of building or repairing structures, such as buildings, roads, or bridges. This term is often seen in signs or announcements related to ongoing construction projects. For example: The construction of the new bridge is underway「新しい橋の工事が進んでいます」(あたらしいはしのこうじがすすんでいます). Road construction is causing traffic delays「道路工事で渋滞が起きています」(どうろこうじでじゅうたいがおきています). The word can also be used in contexts like '工事中 (こうじちゅう)', which means 'under construction' and is often displayed at construction sites.

word

酒

Meaning

Alcohol, Sake

Reading

Parts

酒Alcohol, Sake

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '酒 (さけ)' primarily refers to alcoholic beverages in general, but it can also specifically denote 'sake', the traditional Japanese rice wine. This word is commonly used in various contexts, from casual conversations to formal settings. For example: I like alcohol「私は酒が好きです」(わたしはさけがすきです). Let's drink sake tonight「今夜は酒を飲みましょう」(こんやはさけをのみましょう). The term can also appear in compound words, such as '日本酒 (にほんしゅ)' meaning 'Japanese sake'. It's important to note that while '酒' can refer to any alcoholic drink, in many contexts it specifically implies sake, especially when used in traditional or cultural settings.

word

章

Meaning

Chapter

Reading

Parts

章Chapter, Badge

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '章 (しょう)' primarily means 'chapter'. It is used to refer to a main division of a book, typically with a number or title. This term is commonly found in academic texts, novels, and other written works. For example: Please read chapter three「第三章を読んでください」(だいさんしょうをよんでください). The final chapter was very interesting「最終章はとても面白かった」(さいしゅうしょうはとてもおもしろかった). Additionally, '章' can sometimes be used metaphorically to describe a phase or period in life or history, though this usage is less common.

word

打つ

Meaning

Hit, Type

Reading

Parts

打Hit

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verb '打つ (うつ)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to hit', which can refer to physically striking something, such as hitting a ball or striking a nail. For example: He hit the ball「彼はボールを打った」(かれはボールをうった). The second meaning is 'to type', referring to inputting text on a keyboard or similar device. For example: I typed the document「私はその文書を打った」(わたしはそのぶんしょをうった). The context usually makes it clear which meaning is intended. Additionally, '打つ' can be used metaphorically, such as in '打ち明ける (うちあける)', meaning 'to confide' or 'to reveal'.

word

駅員

Meaning

Station staff

Reading

Parts

駅Station 員Member

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '駅員 (えきいん)' refers to 'station staff' or 'station employee'. This term is used to describe personnel who work at train or subway stations, assisting passengers, managing ticket sales, and ensuring the smooth operation of the station. For example: The station staff helped me find the right platform「駅員が正しいホームを教えてくれた」(えきいんがただしいホームをおしえてくれた). I asked the station staff for directions「駅員に道を聞いた」(えきいんにみちをきいた). This word is commonly used in daily conversations, especially when discussing travel or commuting.

word

死

Meaning

Death

Reading

Parts

死Death

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '死 (し)' means 'death'. It refers to the end of life, the cessation of all biological functions that sustain a living organism. This word is often used in serious or somber contexts, such as discussions about mortality, loss, or existential topics. For example: the death of a loved one「愛する人の死」(あいするひとのし). He faced death bravely「彼は勇敢に死と向き合った」(かれはゆうかんにしとむきあった). The concept of death is universal, but in Japanese culture, it often carries additional layers of meaning, such as respect for ancestors and the impermanence of life.

word

開ける

Meaning

Open

Reading

Parts

開Open

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verb '開ける (あける)' means 'to open'. This verb is used when physically opening something, such as a door, window, or container. It can also be used metaphorically to describe opening opportunities or possibilities. For example: please open the window「窓を開けてください」(まどをあけてください). He opened the box「彼は箱を開けた」(かれははこをあけた). It's important to note that '開ける' is a transitive verb, meaning it requires a direct object (what is being opened). The verb is often used in everyday situations, such as opening doors, windows, or packages.

word

期間

Meaning

Period

Reading

Parts

期Time, Period 間Interval, Space

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '期間 (きかん)' refers to a specific span or duration of time. It is commonly used to indicate the length of time during which something occurs or is valid. For example: the contract period「契約期間」(けいやくきかん). The festival period「祭りの期間」(まつりのきかん). This term is often used in formal contexts, such as business, legal, or academic settings, to specify time frames. It can also be used in everyday conversation to describe the duration of events or activities.

word

今度

Meaning

Next, This

Reading

Parts

今Now 度Degrees, Times

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '今度 (こんど)' can mean either 'next' or 'this', depending on the context. When referring to an upcoming event or time, it means 'next', as in 'next time' or 'next week'. When referring to the current or most recent event, it means 'this', as in 'this time' or 'this occasion'. For example: I'll do better next time「今度はもっと頑張ります」(こんどはもっとがんばります). This time was fun「今度は楽しかった」(こんどはたのしかった). The word is versatile and commonly used in both casual and formal settings.

word

何度

Meaning

How many times, What degree

Reading

Parts

何What 度Degrees, Times

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '何度 (なんど)' can mean 'how many times' or 'what degree'. When used to ask 'how many times', it is often used in questions about frequency or repetition. For example: How many times have you been to Japan?「何度日本に行きましたか？」(なんどにほんにいきましたか？). When used to ask 'what degree', it refers to the extent or level of something, often in the context of temperature or angles. For example: What degree is the angle?「角度は何度ですか？」(かくどはなんどですか？). The meaning depends on the context in which it is used.

word

向ける

Meaning

Direct

Reading

Parts

向Facing, Yonder

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verb '向ける (むける)' means 'to direct' or 'to turn something towards a specific direction or target'. It is often used when indicating the orientation or focus of an object, attention, or effort. For example: he directed his gaze towards the mountain「彼は山に向けた視線を向けた」(かれはやまにむけたしせんをむけた). She turned the camera towards the flowers「彼女はカメラを花に向けた」(かのじょはカメラをはなにむけた). This verb can also be used metaphorically, such as directing efforts or attention towards a goal.