Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Kanji School Gradeand Sorted by Frequency of Use

word

呉れる

Meaning

Give

Reading

Parts

呉Give, Wu China

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verb '呉れる (くれる)' means 'to give' and is used when someone gives something to the speaker or someone close to the speaker. It implies a sense of favor or kindness from the giver's side. This verb is often used in casual speech and is conjugated differently from other verbs. For example: He gave me a book「彼は私に本をくれた」(かれはわたしにほんをくれた). My friend gave me a ride「友達が車で送ってくれた」(ともだちがくるまでおくってくれた). Note that 'くれる' is used when the action benefits the speaker or someone in the speaker's in-group, and it is often accompanied by a sense of gratitude.

word

僕

Meaning

I

Reading

Parts

僕I, Me

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese pronoun '僕 (ぼく)' is a first-person pronoun meaning 'I'. It is primarily used by males and carries a casual, humble, or boyish tone. It is often used in informal settings and can convey a sense of modesty or youthfulness. For example: I am a student「僕は学生です」(ぼくはがくせいです). I like this song「僕はこの歌が好きです」(ぼくはこのうたがすきです). While it is commonly used by younger males, some older men may also use it to maintain a casual or approachable tone. It is less formal than '私 (わたし)' and should be avoided in very formal or professional contexts.

word

唯

Meaning

Only

Reading

Parts

唯Only, Solely

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '唯 (ただ)' means 'only' or 'merely'. It is used to emphasize that something is limited to a specific condition, state, or action, often implying simplicity or lack of complexity. For example: I only want to help「ただ助けたいだけです」(ただたすけたいだけです). It's just a rumor「ただの噂です」(ただのうわさです). This word can also carry a nuance of humility or modesty, as in 'I am just a student'「私はただの学生です」(わたしはただのがくせいです). Note that '唯' is often used in formal or literary contexts, while 'だけ' is more common in casual speech.

word

一緒に

Meaning

Together

Reading

Parts

一One 緒Beginning, Together

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '一緒に (いっしょに)' means 'together'. It is used to indicate that two or more people or things are doing something in unison or in the same place. This adverb is commonly used in invitations or when suggesting joint activities. For example: Let's go together「一緒に行きましょう」(いっしょにいきましょう). We ate together「一緒に食べました」(いっしょにたべました). It can also be used to express that something is done simultaneously or in combination, as in 'I will study together with my friend'「友達と一緒に勉強します」(ともだちといっしょにべんきょうします).

word

戻る

Meaning

Return

Reading

Parts

戻Return

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verb '戻る (もどる)' means 'to return' or 'to go back'. It is used to indicate the action of returning to a previous location, state, or condition. This verb is commonly used in everyday conversation and can refer to physical movement, such as returning home, or abstract concepts, like reverting to a previous state. For example: I will return home「家に戻ります」(いえにもどります). The situation returned to normal「状況が元に戻った」(じょうきょうがもとにもどった). Note that '戻る' is an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object. To express returning something, the transitive verb '戻す (もどす)' is used instead.

word

嫌い

Meaning

Dislike

Reading

Parts

嫌Dislike

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '嫌い (きらい)' means 'dislike' or 'hate'. It is used to express a strong negative feeling towards something or someone. This word can be used to describe a general aversion or a specific dislike. For example: I dislike vegetables「野菜が嫌いです」(やさいがきらいです). He hates lies「彼は嘘が嫌いです」(かれはうそがきらいです). It is important to note that '嫌い' can also imply a sense of avoidance or reluctance, not just outright hatred. The nuance can vary depending on the context and the level of intensity in the speaker's tone.

word

駄目

Meaning

Useless, No

Reading

Parts

駄Poor quality, Burdensome 目Eye

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '駄目 (だめ)' can mean 'no' or 'useless'. It is often used to express prohibition, rejection, or something being futile. For example: you can't do that「それは駄目だ」(それはだめだ). This pen is useless「このペンは駄目だ」(このペンはだめだ). It can also be used to describe something that is not allowed or is against the rules. For example: smoking is not allowed here「ここでタバコを吸うのは駄目です」(ここでタバコをすうのはだめです).

word

嫌

Meaning

Dislike

Reading

Parts

嫌Dislike

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '嫌 (いや)' means 'dislike' or 'unpleasant'. It is used to express a negative feeling towards something or someone, indicating that the subject is undesirable or disagreeable. This word can be used in various contexts, such as expressing personal preferences, discomfort, or refusal. For example: I dislike that person「あの人が嫌です」(あのひとがいやです). This food is unpleasant「この食べ物は嫌です」(このたべものはいやです). It can also be used to politely refuse an offer or request, as in 'No, thank you'「いや、結構です」(いや、けっこうです). Note that '嫌' can sometimes carry a stronger connotation of aversion or repulsion depending on the context.

word

猶

Meaning

Still, Furthermore

Reading

Parts

猶Waver, Delay

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '猶 (なお)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'still', which is used to indicate that a situation or condition continues unchanged. For example: He is still working「彼は猶働いている」(かれはなおはたらいている). The second meaning is 'furthermore', which is used to add information or emphasize a point. For example: Furthermore, we need to consider the budget「猶、予算を考慮する必要がある」(なお、よさんをこうりょするひつようがある). This word is often used in formal or written contexts and can carry a nuanced tone depending on the situation.

word

患者

Meaning

Patient

Reading

Parts

患Ill, Afflicted 者Someone

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '患者 (かんじゃ)' refers to a 'patient', specifically someone who is receiving medical treatment or care. This term is commonly used in medical contexts, such as hospitals, clinics, or when discussing health-related matters. For example: The patient is resting「患者は休んでいます」(かんじゃはやすんでいます). The doctor is examining the patient「医者は患者を診察しています」(いしゃはかんじゃをしんさつしています). It is important to note that '患者' is a neutral term and does not carry any specific connotation beyond its medical meaning.

word

但し

Meaning

However, But

Reading

Parts

但However, But

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese conjunction '但し (ただし)' is used to introduce a condition, exception, or limitation to a previous statement. It is often translated as 'however' or 'but' in English, but it specifically implies a restriction or clarification. For example: You can enter, however, you must wear a mask「入ってもいいです、但し、マスクを着用してください」(はいってもいいです、ただし、マスクをちゃくようしてください). The event is free, but registration is required「イベントは無料です、但し、登録が必要です」(イベントはむりょうです、ただし、とうろくがひつようです). Note that '但し' is more formal and is commonly used in written or official contexts.

word

寧ろ

Meaning

Rather

Reading

Parts

寧Rather, Courteous

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '寧ろ (むしろ)' is used to express a preference for one thing over another, often indicating that the speaker considers the second option to be more suitable, appropriate, or true than the first. It can also be used to contrast two ideas, emphasizing that the latter is more accurate or preferable. For example: I would rather stay home than go out「出かけるより寧ろ家にいたい」(でかけるよりむしろいえにいたい). It's not expensive; rather, it's cheap「高くない、寧ろ安い」(たかくない、むしろやすい). This adverb is often used in comparisons or when correcting a previous statement.

word

酷い

Meaning

Terrible

Reading

Parts

酷Cruel, Severe

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '酷い (ひどい)' primarily means 'terrible' or 'awful'. It is used to describe something that is extremely bad, severe, or harsh. This word can be applied to situations, actions, or even weather conditions. For example: The weather is terrible today「今日の天気は酷い」(きょうのてんきはひどい). He said something terrible「彼は酷いことを言った」(かれはひどいことをいった). Additionally, '酷い' can also imply a sense of cruelty or unfairness, as in 'That was a cruel joke'「それは酷い冗談だった」(それはひどいじょうだんだった). The nuance of this word often conveys a strong negative emotion, so it is typically used in contexts where something is notably bad or distressing.

word

金融

Meaning

Finance

Reading

Parts

金Gold 融Fuse, Dissolve

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '金融 (きんゆう)' refers to 'finance' or 'monetary circulation'. It is commonly used in contexts related to banking, investment, and the management of money. For example: The finance industry is growing「金融業界は成長している」(きんゆうぎょうかいはせいちょうしている). He works in finance「彼は金融で働いている」(かれはきんゆうではたらいている). The term can also be used in broader contexts, such as discussing economic policies or financial systems. It is a key term in business and economic discussions in Japan.

word

頑張る

Meaning

Persist

Reading

Parts

頑Stubborn 張Spread, Stretch

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verb '頑張る (がんばる)' means 'to persist' or 'to do one's best'. It is commonly used to encourage someone to keep trying or to put in effort. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as work, studies, sports, or personal challenges. For example: I will do my best at work「仕事で頑張ります」(しごとでがんばります). Please do your best in the exam「試験で頑張ってください」(しけんでがんばってください). It's important to note that '頑張る' can also be used to express encouragement or support, as in '頑張って！ (がんばって！) (Do your best!)'.

word

猫

Meaning

Cat

Reading

Parts

猫Cat

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '猫 (ねこ)' means 'cat'. This word refers to the domestic feline animal, commonly kept as a pet. It can be used in various contexts, such as describing a pet, talking about cats in general, or even in idiomatic expressions. For example: I have a cat「猫を飼っています」(ねこをかっています). The cat is sleeping「猫が寝ている」(ねこがねている). Cats are cute「猫はかわいい」(ねこはかわいい). The word '猫' is straightforward and widely used in everyday conversation.

word

症

Meaning

Disorder

Reading

Parts

症Symptom

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '症 (しょう)' is used to denote a medical condition, disorder, or syndrome. It is commonly attached to words to specify a particular ailment or health issue. For example: anxiety disorder「不安症」(ふあんしょう). This suffix is often used in medical contexts and can be found in terms describing both physical and psychological conditions. Another example: obsessive-compulsive disorder「強迫症」(きょうはくしょう). It's important to note that '症' is not used alone but as part of a compound word to describe specific disorders.

word

伯父

Meaning

Uncle

Reading

Parts

伯Chief, Older sibling of parent 父Father

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '伯父 (おじ)' refers to an uncle, specifically one's father's older brother. It is used to denote a familial relationship and is part of the Japanese kinship terminology. The term is distinct from '叔父 (おじ)', which refers to one's father's younger brother. Example sentences include: My uncle is coming over「伯父が来ます」(おじがきます). I visited my uncle's house「伯父の家を訪ねました」(おじのいえをたずねました). The term is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to refer to this specific family member.

word

宜しく

Meaning

Properly

Reading

Parts

宜Right, Best regards

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '宜しく (よろしく)' is a versatile word often used to convey a sense of proper handling, goodwill, or politeness. It can be used in various contexts, such as when asking someone to take care of something, expressing gratitude, or setting the tone for a relationship. For example: please take care of me「宜しくお願いします」(よろしくおねがいします). Please treat me well「宜しくお願いします」(よろしくおねがいします). It's important to note that this word is often used in formal or semi-formal situations, and its meaning can vary depending on the context.

word

且つ

Meaning

And

Reading

Parts

且Moreover, Also

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese conjunction '且つ (かつ)' is used to connect two statements or ideas, similar to the English 'and'. However, it is more formal and often used in written language or formal speech. It emphasizes that both connected elements are true or applicable. For example: He is intelligent and diligent「彼は賢く且つ勤勉だ」(かれはかしこくかつきんべんだ). This method is effective and safe「この方法は効果的且つ安全だ」(このほうほうはこうかてきかつあんぜんだ). Note that '且つ' is less common in casual conversation, where 'そして' or 'そして' might be used instead.

word

眺める

Meaning

Gaze

Reading

Parts

眺Stare, Look out over

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verb '眺める (ながめる)' means 'to gaze' or 'to look at something for a long time, often with a sense of contemplation or admiration'. It is used when someone is looking at something thoughtfully, such as a view, scenery, or an object. For example: I gazed at the beautiful sunset「美しい夕日を眺めた」(うつくしいゆうひをながめた). She gazed at the painting for a long time「彼女はその絵を長い間眺めていた」(かのじょはそのえをながいあいだながめていた). This verb often carries a nuance of taking time to appreciate or reflect on what is being observed.

word

漸く

Meaning

Finally

Reading

Parts

漸Gradually, Steadily

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '漸く (ようやく)' means 'finally' or 'at last'. It is used to express relief or satisfaction after a long wait or effort. It often conveys a sense of something being achieved after difficulty or delay. For example: I finally finished my homework「漸く宿題が終わった」(ようやくしゅくだいがおわった). The train finally arrived「漸く電車が来た」(ようやくでんしゃがきた). This word can also imply a sense of gradual progress, as in '漸く春が来た (ようやくはるがきた) (Spring has finally come).'

word

交渉

Meaning

Negotiation

Reading

Parts

交Mix 渉Have relations with, Ford

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '交渉 (こうしょう)' means 'negotiation'. It refers to the process of discussing and reaching an agreement between two or more parties. This term is commonly used in business, politics, and personal relationships. For example: The negotiation was successful「交渉は成功した」(こうしょうはせいこうした). We need to start negotiations「交渉を始める必要がある」(こうしょうをはじめるひつようがある). It can also imply a back-and-forth discussion to resolve a conflict or reach a compromise. For instance: The union is in negotiations with the company「組合は会社と交渉中だ」(くみあいはかいしゃとこうしょうちゅうだ).

word

症状

Meaning

Symptom

Reading

Parts

症Symptom 状Form, Condition

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '症状 (しょうじょう)' means 'symptom'. It refers to a physical or mental condition that indicates the presence of a disease or disorder. This word is commonly used in medical contexts to describe signs of illness or health issues. For example: The symptoms of the flu are severe「インフルエンザの症状はひどい」(インフルエンザのしょうじょうはひどい). She showed symptoms of stress「彼女はストレスの症状を示した」(かのじょはストレスのしょうじょうをしめした). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe signs of problems in non-medical contexts, such as 'symptoms of a failing system'.

word

検索

Meaning

Search

Reading

Parts

検Examine 索Search, Rope

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '検索 (けんさく)' means 'search'. It is commonly used in contexts related to looking up information, such as searching on the internet, in databases, or in documents. For example: I searched for the word「その言葉を検索した」(そのことばをけんさくした). Please search for the address「住所を検索してください」(じゅうしょをけんさくしてください). This term is widely used in technology and everyday contexts, especially in the digital age, where searching for information is a frequent activity.

word

漸と

Meaning

Finally

Reading

Parts

漸Gradually, Steadily

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '漸と (やっと)' means 'finally' or 'at last'. It is used to express relief or satisfaction after a long wait, effort, or struggle. This word often conveys a sense of accomplishment or the overcoming of difficulty. For example: I finally finished my homework「やっと宿題が終わった」(やっとしゅくだいがおわった). The train finally arrived「やっと電車が来た」(やっとでんしゃがきた). It can also imply that something was achieved with great effort or just barely, as in 'I finally caught the last train'「やっと終電に間に合った」(やっとしゅうでんにまにあった).

word

雰囲気

Meaning

Atmosphere

Reading

Parts

雰Atmosphere 囲Surround 気Spirit

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '雰囲気 (ふんいき)' refers to the 'atmosphere' or 'mood' of a place, situation, or event. It describes the overall feeling or vibe that is perceived in a particular environment. This word is often used to convey the intangible qualities that make a setting unique or memorable. For example: The atmosphere of the cafe was cozy「カフェの雰囲気は居心地が良かった」(かふぇのふんいきはいごこちがよかった). The party had a lively atmosphere「パーティーの雰囲気は活気があった」(ぱーてぃーのふんいきはかっきがあった). It can also be used to describe the mood of a person or group, such as '彼の雰囲気は優しかった (かれのふんいきはやさしかった)' (His demeanor was gentle).

word

伯母

Meaning

Aunt

Reading

Parts

伯Chief, Older sibling of parent 母Mother

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '伯母 (おば)' refers to one's aunt, specifically the sister of one's parent. It is used to denote a familial relationship and is a respectful term. The term can be used for both the father's and mother's sisters, but it is important to note that in Japanese, there are different terms for older and younger aunts, with '伯母 (おば)' typically referring to an older aunt. For example: My aunt is coming to visit「私の伯母が訪ねてきます」(わたしのおばがたずねてきます). She is my father's older sister「彼女は私の父の伯母です」(かのじょはわたしのちちのおばです).

word

肌

Meaning

Skin

Reading

Parts

肌Skin

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '肌 (はだ)' refers to the skin of a person or animal. It is commonly used to describe the surface of the body, including its texture, condition, or appearance. For example: Her skin is smooth「彼女の肌は滑らかだ」(かのじょのはだはなめらかだ). My skin gets dry in winter「冬になると肌が乾燥する」(ふゆになるとはだがかんそうする). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe the surface or texture of objects, such as the 'skin' of a fruit or fabric. For instance: The skin of this peach is soft「この桃の肌は柔らかい」(このもものはだはやわらかい).

word

唇

Meaning

Lips

Reading

Parts

唇Lips, Lip

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '唇 (くちびる)' refers to the 'lips', the soft, movable parts forming the opening of the mouth. This word is commonly used in both everyday conversation and literature to describe the physical feature or to express emotions metaphorically. For example: Her lips are red「彼女の唇は赤い」(かのじょのくちびるはあかい). He bit his lips nervously「彼は緊張して唇を噛んだ」(かれはきんちょうしてくちびるをかんだ). The word can also appear in idiomatic expressions or poetic contexts, emphasizing beauty, emotion, or communication.

word

核

Meaning

Nucleus, Core

Reading

Parts

核Nucleus

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '核 (かく)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'nucleus,' which can refer to the central part of an atom, the nucleus of a cell in biology, or the core of an idea or concept. The second meaning is 'core,' which can refer to the central or most important part of something, such as the core of a fruit or the core of an issue. Example sentences: The nucleus of the cell is essential for life「細胞の核は生命に不可欠です」(さいぼうのかくはせいめいにふかけつです). The core of the problem lies in communication「問題の核はコミュニケーションにあります」(もんだいのかくはコミュニケーションにあります).

word

大嫌い

Meaning

Hate

Reading

Parts

大Big 嫌Dislike

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '大嫌い (だいきらい)' means 'hate' or 'dislike intensely'. It is used to express a strong dislike or aversion towards something or someone. The prefix '大 (だい)' intensifies the meaning, making it stronger than just '嫌い (きらい)'. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation to express personal feelings. For example: I hate spiders「私は蜘蛛が大嫌いです」(わたしはくもがだいきらいです). He hates studying「彼は勉強が大嫌いだ」(かれはべんきょうがだいきらいだ). It can also be used to describe things one strongly dislikes, such as foods or activities.

word

本棚

Meaning

Bookshelf

Reading

Parts

本Book, Origin 棚Shelf

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '本棚 (ほんだな)' means 'bookshelf'. It refers to a piece of furniture used for storing books. This word is commonly used in everyday contexts, such as in homes, offices, or libraries. For example: The bookshelf is full「本棚がいっぱいです」(ほんだながいっぱいです). Please put the book on the bookshelf「本を本棚に置いてください」(ほんをほんだなおいてください). The word is a compound of '本 (ほん)' meaning 'book' and '棚 (たな)' meaning 'shelf', making it easy to remember for learners.

word

お釣り

Meaning

Change

Reading

Parts

釣Fish, Fishing

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'お釣り (おつり)' refers to the 'change' received back after making a purchase. It is commonly used in everyday transactions, such as when shopping or paying for services. The term is polite and often used in customer service contexts. For example: Here is your change「お釣りです」(おつりです). I received 500 yen in change「500円のお釣りをもらいました」(ごひゃくえんのおつりをもらいました). The prefix 'お' adds politeness, making it suitable for formal situations.

word

泥棒

Meaning

Thief

Reading

Parts

泥Mud, Adhere to 棒Pole, Bar

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '泥棒 (どろぼう)' means 'thief'. It refers to a person who steals, typically in a sneaky or covert manner. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation and can describe both petty thieves and more serious criminals. For example: The thief stole my wallet「泥棒が私の財布を盗んだ」(どろぼうがわたしのさいふをぬすんだ). Be careful of thieves in this area「この辺りでは泥棒に気をつけて」(このあたりではどろぼうにきをつけて). The word can also be used in idiomatic expressions, such as '泥棒を捕まえる (どろぼうをつかまえる)' which means 'to catch a thief'.

word

沸かす

Meaning

Boil

Reading

Parts

沸Boil

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verb '沸かす (わかす)' means 'to boil'. It is commonly used when heating water or other liquids to the point of boiling. This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe stirring up emotions or excitement. For example: I will boil water for tea「お茶のために水を沸かします」(おちゃのためにみずをわかします). The news boiled up the crowd「そのニュースは群衆を沸かした」(そのニュースはぐんしゅうをわかした). Note that '沸かす' is a transitive verb, meaning it requires a direct object, such as water or emotions.

word

洗濯機

Meaning

Washing machine

Reading

Parts

洗Wash 濯Wash, Rinse 機Machine, Opportunity

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '洗濯機 (せんたくき)' means 'washing machine'. It refers to the household appliance used for washing clothes. This word is commonly used in everyday conversations when discussing household chores or appliances. For example: I bought a new washing machine「新しい洗濯機を買いました」(あたらしいせんたくきをかいました). The washing machine is broken「洗濯機が壊れています」(せんたくきがこわれています). It's important to note that this noun is often used in contexts related to home maintenance, laundry, or shopping for appliances.

word

洗濯

Meaning

Laundry

Reading

Parts

洗Wash 濯Wash, Rinse

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '洗濯 (せんたく)' refers to the act of washing clothes or doing laundry. It is commonly used in everyday conversation to talk about household chores. For example: I did the laundry today「今日は洗濯をしました」(きょうはせんたくをしました). The laundry is drying outside「洗濯物が外で乾いています」(せんたくものがそとでかわいています). This word is often combined with other words to form phrases like '洗濯機 (せんたくき)' (washing machine) or '洗濯物 (せんたくもの)' (laundry items).

word

一生懸命

Meaning

Hard, Earnestly

Reading

Parts

一One 生Life 懸Suspend 命Command, Life

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '一生懸命 (いっしょうけんめい)' means 'hard' or 'earnestly'. It is used to describe doing something with great effort, determination, or seriousness. This word often conveys a sense of giving one's all or putting in maximum effort. For example: I studied hard for the exam「試験のために一生懸命勉強した」(しけんのためにいっしょうけんめいべんきょうした). She worked earnestly to achieve her dream「彼女は夢を叶えるために一生懸命働いた」(かのじょはゆめをかなえるためにいっしょうけんめいはたらいた). The word can also be used to describe physical effort, such as running hard「一生懸命走った」(いっしょうけんめいはしった). Note that while 'hard' is a common translation, the nuance of '一生懸命' often includes a sense of sincerity and dedication.

word

化粧

Meaning

Makeup

Reading

Parts

化Change 粧Cosmetics, Apply makeup

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '化粧 (けしょう)' primarily means 'makeup'. It refers to the act of applying cosmetics to enhance or alter one's appearance. This word is commonly used in contexts related to beauty, fashion, and personal grooming. For example: She is putting on makeup「彼女は化粧をしている」(かのじょはけしょうをしている). This store sells makeup「この店は化粧を売っている」(このみせはけしょうをうっている). Additionally, '化粧' can sometimes be used metaphorically to describe something being 'dressed up' or 'embellished', such as in the phrase '化粧直し (けしょうなおし)', which means 'touch-up' or 'refurbishment'.

word

臭い

Meaning

Smelly

Reading

Parts

臭Stinking, Bad smell

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '臭い (くさい)' means 'smelly' or 'having a bad odor'. It is used to describe something that emits an unpleasant smell. This word can also be used metaphorically to describe something suspicious or fishy in a non-literal sense. For example: This cheese is smelly「このチーズは臭い」(このチーズはくさい). Something about this situation seems fishy「この状況は何か臭い」(このじょうきょうはなにかくさい). Note that '臭い' can sometimes carry a negative connotation, so it should be used carefully in conversation.

word

実践

Meaning

Practice

Reading

Parts

実Fruit, Truth 践Tread, Implement

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '実践 (じっせん)' means 'practice' in the sense of putting theory or knowledge into action. It is often used in contexts related to education, training, or personal development, where the focus is on applying what has been learned. For example: Practice is important for mastering a skill「実践はスキルを習得するために重要です」(じっせんはスキルをしゅうとくするためにじゅうようです). He put his ideas into practice「彼は自分の考えを実践した」(かれはじぶんのかんがえをじっせんした). The word emphasizes the active application of knowledge rather than just theoretical understanding.

word

缶詰

Meaning

Canned food

Reading

Parts

缶Can, Tin can 詰Stuff, Packed

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '缶詰 (かんづめ)' refers to 'canned food'. This term is used to describe food that has been preserved and sealed in cans. It is commonly used in everyday conversation when referring to various types of canned goods, such as vegetables, fruits, or meats. For example: I bought canned tuna「缶詰のツナを買いました」(かんづめのツナをかいました). Canned food is convenient for camping「缶詰はキャンプに便利です」(かんづめはキャンプにべんりです). Additionally, '缶詰' can also metaphorically describe a situation where someone is confined or isolated, similar to being 'canned', though this usage is less common and more contextual.

word

靴

Meaning

Shoes

Reading

Parts

靴Shoe, Shoes

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '靴 (くつ)' means 'shoes'. It refers to footwear worn on the feet, typically covering the foot and extending below the ankle. This word is commonly used in everyday conversations when discussing clothing, fashion, or daily activities. For example: I bought new shoes「新しい靴を買いました」(あたらしいくつをかいました). Please take off your shoes「靴を脱いでください」(くつをぬいでください). The word '靴' can also be used in compound words, such as '運動靴 (うんどうぐつ)' (sports shoes) or '革靴 (かわぐつ)' (leather shoes).

word

戻す

Meaning

Return

Reading

Parts

戻Return

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verb '戻す (もどす)' means 'to return' or 'to put something back'. It is used when referring to the act of returning something to its original place or state. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as returning a borrowed item, reverting a situation, or restoring something to its previous condition. For example: Please return the book to the shelf「本を棚に戻してください」(ほんをたなにもどしてください). I returned the money to him「彼にお金を戻した」(かれにおかねをもどした). It's important to note that '戻す' is often used in situations where the action involves physically or metaphorically bringing something back to where it was before.

word

靴下

Meaning

Socks

Reading

Parts

靴Shoe, Shoes 下Down

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '靴下 (くつした)' means 'socks'. This word refers to the garment worn on the feet, typically under shoes, for warmth, comfort, or hygiene. It is commonly used in everyday conversation and can refer to any type of socks, such as ankle socks, knee-high socks, or even stockings. Example sentences: I bought new socks「新しい靴下を買いました」(あたらしいくつしたをかいました). These socks are comfortable「この靴下は快適です」(このくつしたはかいてきです). The word is often used in contexts related to clothing, shopping, or daily routines.

word

歯磨き

Meaning

Toothpaste, Tooth brushing

Reading

Parts

歯Tooth 磨Polish

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '歯磨き (はみがき)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'toothbrushing', referring to the act of cleaning one's teeth. The second is 'toothpaste', the substance used during toothbrushing. This word is commonly used in daily life and can refer to either the action or the product, depending on the context. For example: I do toothbrushing every morning「毎朝歯磨きをします」(まいあさはみがきをします). This toothpaste is mint-flavored「この歯磨きはミント味です」(このはみがきはみんとあじです). Note that the meaning is usually clear from the context, but it can sometimes be ambiguous without additional clarification.

word

徹底

Meaning

Thoroughness

Reading

Parts

徹Penetrate, Go through 底Bottom

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '徹底 (てってい)' means 'thoroughness' or 'completeness'. It refers to the quality of being thorough, meticulous, or exhaustive in carrying out a task or understanding a concept. This word is often used in contexts where attention to detail and leaving no stone unturned are emphasized. For example: The company emphasizes thoroughness in its training「その会社は徹底を訓練に重視する」(そのかいしゃはてっていをくんれんにじゅうしする). His research is known for its thoroughness「彼の研究は徹底で知られている」(かれのけんきゅうはてっていでしられている). The word can also imply a sense of rigor or intensity in approach.

word

宜しい

Meaning

Fine

Reading

Parts

宜Right, Best regards

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '宜しい (よろしい)' means 'fine' or 'acceptable'. It is a polite and formal way to express that something is suitable, appropriate, or agreeable. This word is often used in formal situations, such as business settings or when speaking to someone of higher status. For example: Is this time fine?「この時間で宜しいですか？」(このじかんでよろしいですか？). It is also commonly used to give permission or approval, as in: It's fine to leave now「今出発して宜しいです」(いましゅっぱつしてよろしいです). Note that '宜しい' is more formal than 'いい (ii)', which also means 'good' or 'fine'.

word

秩序

Meaning

Order

Reading

Parts

秩Order, Regularity 序Beginning, Preface

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '秩序 (ちつじょ)' means 'order' in the sense of a systematic or harmonious arrangement. It is often used to describe social, natural, or organizational systems where things are structured and functioning properly. For example: maintaining social order「社会の秩序を守る」(しゃかいのちつじょをまもる). The natural order of the ecosystem「生態系の秩序」(せいたいけいのちつじょ). This word is commonly used in formal or academic contexts to discuss stability, rules, or systems. It is not used to describe personal tidiness or neatness, which would be expressed with words like '整理 (せいり)'.

word

履く

Meaning

Wear

Reading

Parts

履Fulfill, Footgear

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verb '履く (はく)' specifically means 'to wear' but is used exclusively for items worn on the lower body, such as pants, skirts, or shoes. It is important to note that this verb is not used for clothing items worn on the upper body, like shirts or jackets. For example: I wear shoes「靴を履く」(くつをはく). She wears a skirt「彼女はスカートを履く」(かのじょはスカートをはく). The verb '履く' is commonly used in daily conversations when discussing attire, and it is essential to use it correctly to avoid confusion with other verbs like '着る (きる)', which is used for upper body clothing.

word

挟む

Meaning

Insert, Sandwich

Reading

Parts

挟Put between, Between

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verb '挟む (はさむ)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to sandwich', which refers to placing something between two other things, often used in both literal and figurative contexts. For example: I sandwiched the letter between the pages of the book「手紙を本のページの間に挟んだ」(てがみをほんのページのあいだにはさんだ). The second meaning is 'to insert', which refers to placing something into a gap or space. For example: She inserted the key into the lock「彼女は鍵を鍵穴に挟んだ」(かのじょはかぎをかぎあなにはさんだ). This verb is versatile and can be used in various contexts, such as physical actions or metaphorical situations.

word

懸命

Meaning

Earnest

Reading

Parts

懸Suspend 命Command, Life

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '懸命 (けんめい)' means 'earnest' or 'doing one's utmost'. It describes a state of putting in great effort or being very serious about something. This term is often used to commend someone's dedication or hard work. For example: He is earnest in his studies「彼は勉強に懸命だ」(かれはべんきょうにけんめいだ). She worked hard to achieve her goal「彼女は目標を達成するために懸命に働いた」(かのじょはもくひょうをたっせいするためにけんめいにはたらいた). The word can also imply a sense of desperation or urgency in certain contexts, highlighting the intensity of the effort being made.

word

余裕

Meaning

Leeway

Reading

Parts

余Excess 裕Abundant

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '余裕 (よゆう)' primarily means 'leeway' or 'margin'. It refers to having extra time, space, or resources beyond what is strictly necessary. This word is often used to describe a state of having enough capacity to handle something comfortably, or to indicate a relaxed attitude due to having ample resources. For example: There is enough leeway in the schedule「スケジュールに余裕がある」(スケジュールによゆうがある). He has the leeway to take on another project「彼は別のプロジェクトを引き受ける余裕がある」(かれはべつのプロジェクトをひきうけるよゆうがある). Additionally, '余裕' can imply a sense of composure or calmness, as in: She answered with composure「彼女は余裕を持って答えた」(かのじょはよゆうをもってこたえた).

word

唯一

Meaning

Only

Reading

Parts

唯Only, Solely 一One

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '唯一 (ゆいいつ)' means 'only' or 'sole'. It is used to emphasize that something is unique, singular, or unparalleled in a given context. This word often carries a sense of exclusivity or rarity. For example: This is the only chance「これは唯一のチャンスです」(これはゆいいつのチャンスです). He is the only person who knows the truth「彼は唯一真実を知っている人です」(かれはゆいいつしんじつをしっているひとです). The word can also be used in more abstract contexts, such as 'the only solution'「唯一の解決策」(ゆいいつのかいけつさく). Note that '唯一' is often used in formal or written contexts, and it conveys a strong sense of uniqueness.

word

扉

Meaning

Door

Reading

Parts

扉Door, Front door

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '扉 (とびら)' refers to a 'door'. This word is often used to describe a door that is more substantial or significant than a regular door, such as a gate, a portal, or the door to a special place. It can be used in both literal and metaphorical contexts. For example: the door to a new world「新しい世界への扉」(あたらしいせかいへのとびら). The heavy wooden door creaked open「重い木の扉がきしみながら開いた」(おもいきのとびらがきしみながらひらいた). The word '扉' carries a sense of importance or transition, often implying a passage to something new or different.

word

貢献

Meaning

Contribution

Reading

Parts

貢Tribute 献Offer, Offering

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '貢献 (こうけん)' means 'contribution'. It refers to the act of contributing to something, such as a cause, project, or society. This word is often used in contexts where someone or something has made a significant positive impact or provided valuable input. For example: His research made a great contribution to science「彼の研究は科学に大きな貢献をした」(かれのけんきゅうはかがくにおおきなこうけんをした). We aim to contribute to the community「私たちは地域に貢献することを目指しています」(わたしたちはちいきにこうけんすることをめざしています). The word can also be used in a broader sense to describe any form of support or assistance that leads to progress or improvement.

word

把握

Meaning

Grasp, Understanding

Reading

Parts

把Grip, Grasp 握Grasp, Grip

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '把握 (はあく)' refers to the act of grasping or comprehending something, either physically or mentally. It can mean physically holding onto something, but it is more commonly used to describe the mental act of understanding or comprehending a concept, situation, or information. For example: I have a good grasp of the situation「状況を把握しています」(じょうきょうをはあくしています). It is important to grasp the main points「要点を把握することが大切です」(ようてんをはあくすることがたいせつです). The word is often used in formal or professional contexts to describe a clear understanding of complex matters.

word

合併

Meaning

Merger

Reading

Parts

合Fit, Match 併Join, Put together

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '合併 (がっぺい)' refers to the act of combining or merging two or more entities into one. This term is commonly used in business contexts to describe the merger of companies, but it can also apply to other types of organizations or even abstract concepts. For example: The merger of the two companies was successful「二つの会社の合併は成功した」(ふたつのかいしゃのがっぺいはせいこうした). The merger of the two towns created a larger city「二つの町の合併で大きな市ができた」(ふたつのまちのがっぺいでおおきないちができた). It's important to note that '合併' implies a formal and often legal process of unification.

word

陥る

Meaning

Fall, Sink

Reading

Parts

陥Fall in, Collapse

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verb '陥る (おちいる)' primarily means 'to fall into' or 'to sink into'. It is often used to describe falling into a state, condition, or situation, typically one that is negative or undesirable. For example: he fell into despair「彼は絶望に陥った」(かれはぜつぼうにおちいった). The company fell into financial trouble「その会社は財政難に陥った」(そのかいしゃはざいせいなんにおちいった). This verb can also imply a gradual or unintentional decline into a state, such as sinking into confusion or falling into a trap. It is commonly used in both literal and metaphorical contexts.

word

生涯

Meaning

Lifetime

Reading

Parts

生Life 涯Edge, Horizon

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '生涯 (しょうがい)' refers to the entire duration of a person's life, from birth to death. It is often used in contexts discussing life events, achievements, or experiences that span one's entire existence. For example: He devoted his lifetime to art「彼は生涯を芸術に捧げた」(かれはしょうがいをげいじゅつにささげた). This word can also be used in a more abstract sense to describe the entirety of a person's life journey or experiences. Another example: She spent her lifetime in this town「彼女は生涯をこの町で過ごした」(かのじょはしょうがいをこのまちですごした).

word

充実

Meaning

Fulfillment

Reading

Parts

充Fill, Allocate 実Fruit, Truth

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '充実 (じゅうじつ)' means 'fulfillment' or 'enrichment'. It refers to a state of being filled with substance, satisfaction, or completeness. This word is often used to describe a sense of satisfaction or richness in life, work, or experiences. For example: My life is full of fulfillment「私の人生は充実している」(わたしのじんせいはじゅうじつしている). The program was enriching「そのプログラムは充実していた」(そのプログラムはじゅうじつしていた). It can also describe something being well-equipped or substantial, such as a schedule or a meal.

word

丁寧

Meaning

Polite

Reading

Parts

丁Street 寧Rather, Courteous

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '丁寧 (ていねい)' primarily means 'polite' or 'courteous'. It is used to describe actions, speech, or behavior that is considerate, respectful, and carefully executed. This word can also imply thoroughness or meticulousness in how something is done. For example: She speaks politely「彼女は丁寧に話します」(かのじょはていねいにはなします). He wrote a polite letter「彼は丁寧な手紙を書いた」(かれはていねいなてがみをかいた). The teacher explained the lesson carefully「先生は丁寧に授業を説明した」(せんせいはていねいにじゅぎょうをせつめいした). Note that '丁寧' can also describe something done with great care or attention to detail, such as '丁寧な仕事 (ていねいなしごと)' (careful work).

word

訴訟

Meaning

Lawsuit

Reading

Parts

訴Sue, Appeal 訟Sue, Litigate

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '訴訟 (そしょう)' refers to a 'lawsuit' or 'legal action'. It is used in the context of legal disputes where one party takes another to court to resolve a conflict. This term is commonly used in legal, business, and personal contexts. For example: He filed a lawsuit「彼は訴訟を起こした」(かれはそしょうをおこした). The company is involved in a lawsuit「その会社は訴訟に関わっている」(そのかいしゃはそしょうにかかわっている). The word can also appear in compound terms like '民事訴訟 (みんじそしょう)' (civil lawsuit) or '刑事訴訟 (けいじそしょう)' (criminal lawsuit).

word

汁

Meaning

Soup

Reading

Parts

汁Juice, Soup

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '汁 (つゆ)' primarily means 'soup'. It refers to a liquid dish, typically made by boiling ingredients such as vegetables, meat, or fish in water or stock. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation and can refer to various types of soup, including miso soup (味噌汁, みそしる). For example: I had miso soup for breakfast「朝ごはんに味噌汁を飲んだ」(あさごはんにみそしるをのんだ). This soup is delicious「この汁は美味しい」(このつゆはおいしい). Additionally, '汁' can sometimes refer to the liquid or juice that comes out of food, such as the juice from a fruit or the broth from a stew, but its primary and most common usage is to denote soup.

word

堪る

Meaning

Endure

Reading

Parts

堪Endure

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verb '堪る (たまる)' means 'to endure' or 'to bear'. It is often used in negative contexts to express that something is unbearable or intolerable. For example: I can't endure this heat「この暑さには堪らない」(このあつさにはたまらない). It can also be used in a more general sense to describe enduring a difficult situation. For example: He endured the pain「彼は痛みに堪えた」(かれはいたみにたえた). The verb is commonly used in its negative form to express frustration or inability to tolerate something.

word

竜

Meaning

Dragon

Reading

Parts

竜Dragon

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '竜 (りゅう)' refers to a 'dragon', a mythical creature often depicted as a large, serpentine or reptilian being with magical or spiritual qualities. In Japanese culture, dragons are typically seen as benevolent and associated with water, rain, and protection. They are a common motif in folklore, art, and festivals. Example sentences: The dragon flew across the sky「竜が空を飛んだ」(りゅうがそらをとんだ). The shrine is guarded by a dragon「その神社は竜に守られている」(そのじんじゃはりゅうにまもられている). Note that '竜' is often used in names, stories, and symbolic contexts, and it carries a more traditional or mythical connotation compared to the word 'ドラゴン' (doragon), which is used for Western-style dragons.

word

賠償

Meaning

Compensation

Reading

Parts

賠Compensate, Compensation 償Recompense, Reparation

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '賠償 (ばいしょう)' refers to 'compensation', particularly in the context of legal or financial reparation for damages, losses, or injuries. It is commonly used in legal settings, such as lawsuits or insurance claims, where one party is required to compensate another for harm caused. For example: The company paid compensation for the damages「会社は損害の賠償を支払った」(かいしゃはそんがいのばいしょうをしはらった). He demanded compensation for the accident「彼は事故の賠償を要求した」(かれはじこのばいしょうをようきゅうした). This term is often associated with formal or serious situations where restitution is necessary.

word

嫌う

Meaning

Dislike

Reading

Parts

嫌Dislike

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verb '嫌う (きらう)' means 'to dislike' or 'to avoid'. It is used to express a strong aversion or distaste towards something or someone. This verb can be applied to a wide range of contexts, from disliking certain foods to avoiding specific situations or people. For example: I dislike bitter foods「苦い食べ物を嫌う」(にがいたべものをきらう). He avoids crowded places「彼は混雑した場所を嫌う」(かれはこんざつしたばしょをきらう). It's important to note that '嫌う' often carries a stronger connotation than simply not liking something, implying a more active avoidance or rejection.

word

猿

Meaning

Monkey

Reading

Parts

猿Monkey

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '猿 (さる)' refers to a monkey. This word is commonly used to describe primates, particularly those found in Japan, such as the Japanese macaque. It can be used in various contexts, from literal descriptions of animals to metaphorical expressions. For example: The monkey is eating a banana「猿がバナナを食べている」(さるがバナナをたべている). There are many monkeys in the mountains「山には猿が多い」(やまにはさるがおおい). In Japanese culture, monkeys are sometimes associated with mischief or cleverness, and they appear in folklore and proverbs.

word

機嫌

Meaning

Mood

Reading

Parts

機Machine, Opportunity 嫌Dislike

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '機嫌 (きげん)' refers to someone's mood or state of mind. It is often used to describe whether someone is in a good or bad mood. For example: Her mood is good today「彼女の機嫌は今日良い」(かのじょのきげんはきょうよい). He is in a bad mood「彼は機嫌が悪い」(かれはきげんがわるい). The word can also be used in greetings like 'ご機嫌いかが？ (ごきげんいかが？)', which means 'How are you?' or 'How is your mood?'. It is important to note that '機嫌' is often used in formal or polite contexts.

word

褒める

Meaning

Praise

Reading

Parts

褒Praise

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verb '褒める (ほめる)' means 'to praise' or 'to compliment'. It is used when expressing admiration or approval for someone's actions, qualities, or achievements. This verb is commonly used in both formal and informal settings. For example: The teacher praised the student「先生は生徒を褒めた」(せんせいはせいとをほめた). I praised my friend for her hard work「私は友達の努力を褒めた」(わたしはともだちのどりょくをほめた). Note that '褒める' is often used in contexts where positive reinforcement or encouragement is intended.

word

官僚

Meaning

Bureaucrat

Reading

Parts

官Government, Bureaucrat 僚Colleague, Official

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '官僚 (かんりょう)' refers to a bureaucrat or government official. It specifically denotes individuals who work in administrative roles within government organizations, often associated with formal procedures and regulations. This term can carry a neutral or slightly negative connotation, depending on the context, as it may imply rigidity or excessive adherence to rules. Example sentences: The bureaucrat made a decision「官僚が決定を下した」(かんりょうがけっていをくだした). Bureaucrats are often criticized for being inflexible「官僚はしばしば柔軟性がないと批判される」(かんりょうはしばしばじゅうなんせいがないとひはんされる).

word

瓶

Meaning

Bottle

Reading

Parts

瓶Bottle, Jar

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '瓶 (びん)' refers to a 'bottle', typically made of glass or plastic, used for storing liquids such as water, juice, or alcohol. It is a common word in everyday Japanese and can be used in various contexts. For example: Please bring a bottle of water「水の瓶を持ってきてください」(みずのびんをもってきてください). The milk is in the bottle「牛乳は瓶の中です」(ぎゅうにゅうはびんのなかです). The word can also be used metaphorically or in idiomatic expressions, but its primary meaning remains 'bottle'.

word

倫理

Meaning

Ethics

Reading

Parts

倫Principles, Ethics 理Reason

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '倫理 (りんり)' means 'ethics'. It refers to the moral principles or values that govern a person's behavior or the conduct of a group. This word is often used in discussions about philosophy, morality, or professional conduct. For example: business ethics「ビジネスの倫理」(びじねすのりんり). The ethics of this decision are questionable「この決定の倫理は疑問だ」(このけっていのりんりはぎもんだ). It is important to note that '倫理' is a formal term and is commonly used in academic, professional, or serious contexts.

word

懐かしい

Meaning

Nostalgic

Reading

Parts

懐Bosom, Pocket

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '懐かしい (なつかしい)' means 'nostalgic' or 'evoking fond memories'. It is used to describe something that brings back memories of the past, often with a sense of longing or warmth. This word is commonly used when encountering something familiar from one's past, such as a place, a song, or an object. For example: This song is nostalgic「この歌は懐かしい」(このうたはなつかしい). I feel nostalgic when I see this photo「この写真を見ると懐かしい気持ちになる」(このしゃしんをみるとなつかしいきもちになる). The word can also be used to express a sense of missing someone or something from the past, as in 'I miss my hometown'「故郷が懐かしい」(こきょうがなつかしい).

word

艦

Meaning

Warship

Reading

Parts

艦Warship

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '艦 (かん)' refers to 'warship' or 'naval vessel'. It is commonly used in compound words to denote specific types of military ships. For example: battleship「戦艦」(せんかん), aircraft carrier「空母艦」(くうぼかん), and cruiser「巡洋艦」(じゅんようかん). This suffix is often seen in historical or military contexts and is not typically used in everyday conversation. Example sentences: The battleship is large「戦艦は大きい」(せんかんはおおきい). The aircraft carrier is powerful「空母艦は強い」(くうぼかんはつよい).

word

取り戻す

Meaning

Recover

Reading

Parts

取Take 戻Return

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verb '取り戻す (とりもどす)' means 'to recover' or 'to regain'. It is used when someone retrieves something that was lost, taken, or diminished. This can apply to physical objects, abstract concepts like time or health, or even emotional states. For example: I recovered my lost wallet「なくした財布を取り戻した」(なくしたさいふをとりもどした). She regained her confidence「彼女は自信を取り戻した」(かのじょはじしんをとりもどした). The verb often implies effort or struggle in the process of recovery. It can also be used in contexts like recovering lost time or reclaiming a position or status.

word

銃

Meaning

Gun

Reading

Parts

銃Gun

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '銃 (じゅう)' means 'gun'. It refers to a weapon designed to discharge projectiles, typically bullets, using explosive force. This word is commonly used in contexts related to firearms, such as in law enforcement, military, or hunting. For example: He owns a gun「彼は銃を持っている」(かれはじゅうをもっている). The police confiscated the gun「警察は銃を没収した」(けいさつはじゅうをぼっしゅうした). Note that '銃' is a general term and can refer to various types of guns, including pistols, rifles, and shotguns.

word

報酬

Meaning

Reward, Compensation

Reading

Parts

報Report, News 酬Reward, Repay

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '報酬 (ほうしゅう)' refers to a reward or compensation given in return for services, work, or effort. It is commonly used in professional or contractual contexts to describe payment, bonuses, or other forms of remuneration. For example: The company paid a generous reward for his hard work「会社は彼の努力に対して寛大な報酬を支払った」(かいしゃはかれのどりょくにたいしてかんだいなほうしゅうをしはらった). The compensation for the project was fair「そのプロジェクトの報酬は公平だった」(そのプロジェクトのほうしゅうはこうへいだった). Note that '報酬' often implies a formal or agreed-upon exchange, distinguishing it from casual gifts or tips.

word

菌

Meaning

Germ

Reading

Parts

菌Fungus, Bacteria

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '菌 (きん)' refers to 'germ' or 'microorganism'. It is commonly used in contexts related to biology, medicine, and hygiene. This term can refer to bacteria, fungi, or other microscopic organisms, often with a negative connotation when discussing illness or contamination. For example: wash your hands to remove germs「手を洗って菌を落とす」(てをあらってきんをおとす). This food has harmful bacteria「この食べ物には有害な菌がいる」(このたべものにはゆうがいなきんがいる). The word is also used in scientific contexts, such as '乳酸菌 (にゅうさんきん)' (lactic acid bacteria).

word

索引

Meaning

Index

Reading

Parts

索Search, Rope 引Pull

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '索引 (さくいん)' means 'index'. It refers to a list of terms, topics, or names, often found at the end of a book, that helps readers locate specific information within the text. This term is commonly used in academic, technical, and reference materials. For example: The index is at the back of the book「索引は本の後ろにあります」(さくいんはほんのうしろにあります). Please check the index for the page number「ページ番号を索引で確認してください」(ページばんごうをさくいんでかくにんしてください). The word is neutral in tone and is widely understood in both formal and informal contexts.

word

洪水

Meaning

Flood

Reading

Parts

洪Flood, Vast 水Water

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '洪水 (こうずい)' means 'flood'. It refers to an overflow of water that submerges land, often caused by heavy rainfall, overflowing rivers, or other natural phenomena. This word is commonly used in weather reports, disaster warnings, and discussions about natural events. For example: The flood caused significant damage「洪水は大きな被害をもたらした」(こうずいはおおきなひがいをもたらした). The river overflowed and caused a flood「川が氾濫して洪水が起きた」(かわがはんらんしてこうずいがおきた). Note that '洪水' can also be used metaphorically to describe an overwhelming amount of something, such as information or emotions, though this usage is less common.

word

煩い

Meaning

Noisy, Annoying

Reading

Parts

煩Vexed, Anxiety

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '煩い (うるさい)' can mean both 'noisy' and 'annoying'. It is commonly used to describe loud sounds or situations that are bothersome or irritating. For example: The construction noise is annoying「工事の音が煩い」(こうじのおとがうるさい). My little brother is being noisy「弟が煩い」(おとうとがうるさい). This word can also be used to describe someone who is overly critical or nagging, as in 'My mom is always nagging me「母がうるさい」(ははがうるさい)'. The nuance of the word depends on the context, but it generally conveys a sense of irritation or disturbance.

word

文献

Meaning

Document

Reading

Parts

文Sentence 献Offer, Offering

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '文献 (ぶんけん)' refers to written documents or literature, often used in academic or research contexts. It typically denotes scholarly materials such as books, articles, or papers that provide information or evidence. For example: I read an old document「古い文献を読みました」(ふるいぶんけんをよみました). This research is based on reliable documents「この研究は信頼できる文献に基づいています」(このけんきゅうはしんらいできるぶんけんにもとづいています). The word is commonly used in formal settings and emphasizes the importance of written sources in study or analysis.

word

枠

Meaning

Frame, Limit

Reading

Parts

枠Frame

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '枠 (わく)' primarily means 'frame' or 'limit'. As 'frame', it refers to a physical or conceptual structure that surrounds or encloses something, such as a picture frame or a window frame. For example: the frame of the picture is beautiful「その絵の枠は美しい」(そのえのわくはうつくしい). As 'limit', it refers to boundaries or constraints, whether physical, temporal, or abstract. For example: we need to work within the limits of the budget「予算の枠内で働く必要がある」(よさんのわくないではたらくひつようがある). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe societal or personal boundaries.

word

稼ぐ

Meaning

Earn

Reading

Parts

稼Work, Earnings

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verb '稼ぐ (かせぐ)' primarily means 'to earn' or 'to make money'. It is commonly used in contexts related to work, labor, or any activity that generates income. For example: He earns a lot of money「彼はたくさん稼ぐ」(かれはたくさんかせぐ). I need to earn more to support my family「家族を養うためにもっと稼ぐ必要がある」(かぞくをやしなうためにもっとかせぐひつようがある). Additionally, '稼ぐ' can also imply working hard or putting in effort to achieve something, not just financially. For instance: She worked hard to earn her promotion「彼女は昇進を稼ぐために一生懸命働いた」(かのじょはしょうしんをかせぐためにいっしょうけんめいはたらいた).

word

一緒

Meaning

Together

Reading

Parts

一One 緒Beginning, Together

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '一緒 (いっしょ)' means 'together'. It is commonly used to indicate that people or things are in the same place, doing the same thing, or sharing the same state. It can also imply unity or cooperation. For example: Let's go together「一緒に行きましょう」(いっしょにいきましょう). We ate together「一緒に食べました」(いっしょにたべました). It is often used with particles like 'に' to form phrases like '一緒に (いっしょに)', which means 'together with'. This word is versatile and can be used in both casual and formal contexts.

word

渋い

Meaning

Astringent, Subdued

Reading

Parts

渋Astringent, Not going smoothly

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '渋い (しぶい)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'astringent', referring to a taste or sensation that is dry, bitter, or puckering, often used to describe foods like unripe persimmons or strong tea. For example: This persimmon is astringent「この柿は渋い」(このかきはしぶい). The second meaning is 'subdued', describing something that is understated, refined, or muted in appearance, taste, or style. This can refer to colors, designs, or even personalities. For example: His taste in fashion is subdued「彼のファッションセンスは渋い」(かれのファッションセンスはしぶい). The word can also imply a sense of sophistication or maturity, often used to describe someone who is reserved but has depth. For example: His humor is subtle and subdued「彼のユーモアは渋い」(かれのユーモアはしぶい).

word

渋滞

Meaning

Traffic, Congestion

Reading

Parts

渋Astringent, Not going smoothly 滞Stagnate

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '渋滞 (じゅうたい)' primarily refers to 'traffic' or 'congestion'. It is commonly used to describe situations where vehicles are moving slowly or are at a standstill due to heavy traffic. It can also be used metaphorically to describe delays or bottlenecks in processes or systems. For example: The traffic is terrible today「今日は渋滞がひどい」(きょうはじゅうたいがひどい). There is congestion on the highway「高速道路で渋滞している」(こうそくどうろでじゅうたいしている). The meeting was delayed due to congestion in the schedule「スケジュールの渋滞で会議が遅れた」(スケジュールのじゅうたいでかいぎがおくれた).

word

後戻り

Meaning

Retreat, Backtrack

Reading

Parts

後After, Behind 戻Return

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '後戻り (あともどり)' refers to the act of going back, retreating, or backtracking, either physically or metaphorically. It can describe returning to a previous location, reverting to an earlier state, or reconsidering a decision. For example: There's no retreat now「今は後戻りできない」(いまはあともどりできない). He backtracked on his decision「彼は決断を後戻りした」(かれはけつだんをあともどりした). This word is often used in contexts where progress is halted or reversed, emphasizing the inability or reluctance to move forward.

word

蛇

Meaning

Snake

Reading

Parts

蛇Snake

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '蛇 (へび)' means 'snake'. This word refers to the reptile characterized by its long, legless body. It is commonly used in both literal and figurative contexts. In Japanese culture, snakes can symbolize both positive traits like wisdom and protection, as well as negative traits like danger or deceit. Example sentences: I saw a snake in the garden「庭で蛇を見た」(にわでへびをみた). The snake is long「その蛇は長い」(そのへびはながい). Snakes are often featured in Japanese folklore and mythology, such as the legendary creature 'Yamata no Orochi' (八岐大蛇).

word

融資

Meaning

Loan

Reading

Parts

融Fuse, Dissolve 資Capital, Resources

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '融資 (ゆうし)' refers to a 'loan' or 'financing'. It is commonly used in financial contexts to describe the act of lending money, often by banks or financial institutions. This term is neutral and can refer to both personal and business loans. For example: The bank approved the loan「銀行は融資を承認した」(ぎんこうはゆうしをしょうにんした). We need financing for the project「そのプロジェクトに融資が必要です」(そのプロジェクトにゆうしがひつようです). Note that '融資' is often used in formal or business settings and implies a structured financial agreement.

word

隅

Meaning

Corner

Reading

Parts

隅Corner, Nook

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '隅 (すみ)' refers to a 'corner' or 'nook', typically describing the corner of a room, a street, or any space where two sides meet. It can also metaphorically refer to something being out of the way or overlooked. For example: There is a chair in the corner of the room「部屋の隅に椅子がある」(へやのすみにいすがある). He sat in a quiet corner of the café「彼はカフェの静かな隅に座った」(かれはカフェのしずかなすみにすわった). The word can also imply a sense of being hidden or unnoticed, as in '隅に追いやられる (すみにおいやられる)', meaning 'to be pushed to the sidelines'.

word

缶

Meaning

Can

Reading

Parts

缶Can, Tin can

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '缶 (かん)' refers to a 'can', typically a metal container used for storing food, beverages, or other items. It is commonly used in everyday contexts, such as when referring to canned drinks or food. For example: I bought a can of coffee「コーヒーの缶を買いました」(コーヒーのかんをかいました). Please throw away the empty can「空き缶を捨ててください」(あきかんをすててください). The word can also be used in compound words, such as '缶詰 (かんづめ)' meaning 'canned food'.

word

肯定

Meaning

Affirmation

Reading

Parts

肯Assent, Agreement 定Determine

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '肯定 (こうてい)' means 'affirmation' or 'positive acknowledgment'. It is used to express agreement, confirmation, or the act of affirming something. This word is often used in contexts where one acknowledges or accepts a statement, idea, or situation as true or valid. For example: His answer was an affirmation「彼の答えは肯定だった」(かれのこたえはこうていだった). We need to affirm this decision「この決定を肯定する必要がある」(このけっていをこうていするひつようがある). It can also be used in contrast to '否定 (ひてい)' (negation) to highlight a positive stance.

word

過剰

Meaning

Excess

Reading

Parts

過Exceed, Error 剰Surplus

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '過剰 (かじょう)' means 'excess'. It refers to an amount or degree that is more than necessary, appropriate, or desirable. This word is often used in contexts related to overproduction, overconsumption, or excessive behavior. For example: The factory produced an excess of goods「工場は過剰な商品を生産した」(こうじょうはかじょうなしょうひんをせいさんした). His excessive worry is causing stress「彼の過剰な心配がストレスを引き起こしている」(かれのかじょうなしんぱいがすとれすをひきおこしている). The term can also be used in medical or scientific contexts to describe an overabundance of something, such as hormones or nutrients.

word

診断

Meaning

Diagnosis

Reading

Parts

診Examine a patient, Diagnose 断Decide, Cut off

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '診断 (しんだん)' means 'diagnosis'. It refers to the process of identifying a disease, condition, or problem by examining the symptoms or characteristics. This term is commonly used in medical contexts but can also be applied in other fields like technology or business. For example: The doctor made a diagnosis「医師が診断を下した」(いしがしんだんをくだした). We need a system diagnosis「システムの診断が必要です」(システムのしんだんがひつようです).

word

診察

Meaning

Examination

Reading

Parts

診Examine a patient, Diagnose 察Guess

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '診察 (しんさつ)' refers to a medical examination or consultation, typically conducted by a doctor. It is used in contexts where a healthcare professional assesses a patient's condition. For example: The doctor will examine you now「医者が今診察します」(いしゃがいましんさつします). I had a medical examination yesterday「昨日診察を受けました」(きのうしんさつをうけました). This term is commonly used in medical settings and emphasizes the professional act of diagnosing or checking a patient's health.

word

監督

Meaning

Director, Supervisor

Reading

Parts

監Oversee 督Coach, Supervise

Handwriting

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '監督 (かんとく)' can mean 'director' or 'supervisor', depending on the context. As 'director', it refers to someone who directs films, plays, or other creative works. For example: He is the director of this movie「彼はこの映画の監督です」(かれはこのえいがのかんとくです). As 'supervisor', it refers to someone who oversees or manages a team, project, or organization. For example: The supervisor checked the work「監督が仕事を確認しました」(かんとくがしごとをかくにんしました). The word is versatile and widely used in both creative and professional settings.