Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Kanji JLPT Level

word

Meaning

Middle school

Reading

Kanji

中Center 学Learn

Explanation

The Japanese noun '中学 (ちゅうがく)' refers to 'middle school', which is the educational stage between elementary school and high school in Japan. It typically covers grades 7 to 9. This term is commonly used in educational contexts and when discussing school life. For example: I go to middle school「私は中学に行きます」(わたしはちゅうがくにいきます). My brother is in middle school「私の弟は中学です」(わたしのおとうとはちゅうがくです). The term is often used in combination with other words, such as '中学生 (ちゅうがくせい)' meaning 'middle school student'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1659

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Food, Meal

Reading

Kanji

食Eat, Food

Explanation

The Japanese noun '食 (しょく)' primarily refers to 'food' or 'meal'. It is a general term used to describe anything related to eating or nourishment. This word is often used in compound words to specify types of food or eating occasions, such as '朝食 (ちょうしょく)' meaning 'breakfast' or '外食 (がいしょく)' meaning 'eating out'. Example sentences include: I like Japanese food「私は日本食が好きです」(わたしはにほんしょくがすきです). We had a meal together「一緒に食事をしました」(いっしょにしょくじをしました).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1667

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

First

Reading

Kanji

一One 日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '一日 (ついたち)' specifically refers to the first day of the month. It is a unique term used in the context of dates and calendars. For example: Today is the first of January「今日は一月一日です」(きょうはいちがつついたちです). The meeting is scheduled for the first of next month「会議は来月の一日に予定されています」(かいぎはらいげつのついたちによていされています). Note that '一日' can also be read as 'いちにち' when referring to a period of one day, but in this context, we are focusing on the reading 'ついたち' which exclusively means the first day of the month.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1687

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lifetime

Reading

Kanji

一One 生Life

Explanation

The Japanese noun '一生 (いっしょう)' refers to the entirety of a person's life, from birth to death. It is often used to express the concept of a lifetime or one's entire existence. This word can be used in various contexts, such as discussing lifelong commitments, achievements, or experiences. For example: He dedicated his lifetime to art「彼は一生を芸術に捧げた」(かれはいっしょうをげいじゅつにささげた). I will remember this for my lifetime「一生このことを覚えている」(いっしょうこのことをおぼえている). The word can also be used in phrases like '一生懸命 (いっしょうけんめい)', which means 'with all one's might' or 'very hard', emphasizing effort over a lifetime.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1695

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Entrance, Inclusion

Reading

Kanji

入Enter

Explanation

The Japanese noun '入り (いり)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'entrance,' referring to the act of entering or the place where one enters. For example: the entrance to the park is over there「公園の入りはあそこです」(こうえんのいりはあそこです). The second meaning is 'inclusion,' referring to something being included or added. For example: this dish has a lot of vegetable inclusions「この料理は野菜の入りが多いです」(このりょうりはやさいのいりがおおいです). The word can also be used in compound words like '入り口 (いりぐち)' meaning 'entrance' or 'entryway.'

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1731

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Leftright

Reading

Kanji

左Left 右Right

Explanation

The Japanese noun '左右 (さゆう)' means 'left and right'. This term is used to refer to the directions of left and right, or to describe something that is influenced or controlled by two opposing forces. It can also be used metaphorically to describe being undecided or influenced by different factors. For example: look to the left and right「左右を見てください」(さゆうをみてください). The decision was influenced by various factors「その決定はさまざまな要因に左右された」(そのけっていはさまざまなよういんにさゆうされた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1736

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rise, Climb

Reading

Kanji

上Up

Explanation

The Japanese verb '上る (のぼる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to climb,' which refers to physically ascending something, such as a mountain or stairs. For example: I climbed the mountain「山に上った」(やまにのぼった). The second meaning is 'to rise,' which can refer to things like prices, temperatures, or even social status. For example: The temperature rose「気温が上った」(きおんがのぼった). Note that while both meanings involve upward movement, they are used in different contexts. The verb is often paired with specific nouns to clarify the type of ascent, such as '階段を上る (かいだんをのぼる)' (to climb stairs) or '地位が上る (ちいがのぼる)' (to rise in status).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1756

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

This year

Reading

Kanji

今Now 年Year

Explanation

The Japanese noun '今年 (ことし)' means 'this year'. It refers to the current year in which the speaker is living or the event is taking place. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to indicate the present year. For example: This year is going well「今年は順調です」(ことしはじゅんちょうです). I will graduate this year「今年卒業します」(ことしそつぎょうします). It is important to note that '今年' is always used to refer to the current year and does not change based on the context of the sentence.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1774

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Men and women

Reading

Kanji

男Man 女Woman

Explanation

The Japanese noun '男女 (だんじょ)' refers to 'men and women' collectively. It is used to describe or refer to both genders together, often in contexts discussing gender-related topics, equality, or differences. For example: Men and women are equal「男女は平等だ」(だんじょはびょうどうだ). The event is open to both men and women「そのイベントは男女どちらでも参加できます」(そのイベントはだんじょどちらでもさんかできます). This term is neutral and can be used in formal or informal settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1792

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Electricity

Reading

Kanji

電Electricity 気Spirit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '電気 (でんき)' primarily means 'electricity'. It refers to the form of energy resulting from the existence of charged particles, such as electrons or protons, either statically as an accumulation of charge or dynamically as a current. This word is commonly used in everyday contexts to refer to electrical power or lighting. For example: The electricity went out「電気が消えた」(でんきがきえた). I pay the electricity bill every month「毎月電気代を払う」(まいつきでんきだいをはらう). Additionally, '電気' can sometimes refer to electric appliances or devices, as in '電気製品 (でんきせいひん)' which means 'electrical appliances'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1796

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lower

Reading

Kanji

下Down

Explanation

The Japanese verb '下げる (さげる)' means 'to lower' or 'to reduce'. It is used to describe the action of moving something downward or decreasing its level, position, or value. This verb can be applied to physical objects, such as lowering a flag, or abstract concepts, like reducing prices. For example: Please lower the volume「音量を下げてください」(おんりょうをさげてください). The store lowered the prices「店は値段を下げた」(みせはねだんをさげた). Note that '下げる' can also imply a sense of humility or modesty, such as lowering one's head in respect. However, this nuance is context-dependent and not a separate meaning.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1860

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Girl

Reading

Kanji

女Woman 子Child

Explanation

The Japanese noun '女子 (じょし)' means 'girl' or 'young woman'. It is commonly used to refer to female individuals, typically in their youth or adolescence. This term is often used in contexts such as schools, sports teams, or events specifically for girls. For example: She is a high school girl「彼女は高校の女子です」(かのじょはこうこうのじょしです). The girls' soccer team won the match「女子サッカーチームが試合に勝った」(じょしサッカーチームがしあいにかった). Note that '女子' can also be used in compound words, such as '女子学生 (じょしがくせい)' (female student) or '女子校 (じょしこう)' (girls' school).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1868

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Remove, Miss

Reading

Kanji

外Outside

Explanation

The Japanese verb '外す (はずす)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to remove' or 'to take off', often used when detaching or separating something from its usual position. For example: he removed his glasses「彼はメガネを外した」(かれはめがねをはずした). The second meaning is 'to miss', as in failing to hit a target or missing an opportunity. For example: I missed the train「電車を外した」(でんしゃをはずした). This verb is versatile and can be used in both literal and figurative contexts. It is important to note that the meaning depends heavily on the context of the sentence.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1973

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Electron

Reading

Kanji

電Electricity 子Child

Explanation

The Japanese noun '電子 (でんし)' refers to an 'electron', a subatomic particle with a negative charge. This term is commonly used in scientific contexts, particularly in physics and chemistry. It can also be part of compound words related to electronics or digital technology, such as '電子メール (でんしメール)' (email) or '電子機器 (でんしきき)' (electronic device). Example sentences: Electrons are negatively charged particles「電子は負の電荷を持った粒子です」(でんしはふのでんかをもったりゅうしです). This device uses electrons to function「この装置は電子を使って機能します」(このそうちはでんしをつかってきのうします).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2047

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Train

Reading

Kanji

電Electricity 車Car

Explanation

The Japanese noun '電車 (でんしゃ)' refers to an electric train, commonly used for public transportation in Japan. It specifically denotes trains powered by electricity, as opposed to other types of trains like steam or diesel. This word is widely used in daily conversations and is essential for navigating Japan's extensive rail network. Example sentences: I take the train to work「電車で仕事に行きます」(でんしゃでしごとにいきます). The train is crowded「電車は混んでいます」(でんしゃはこんでいます). Note that '電車' is often used interchangeably with '列車 (れっしゃ)' in casual contexts, but '列車' can refer to any type of train, not just electric ones.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2157

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Second half

Reading

Kanji

後After, Behind 半Half

Explanation

The Japanese noun '後半 (こうはん)' refers to the 'second half' of something, such as a period of time, an event, or a game. It is often used in contexts like sports, movies, or academic terms. For example: The second half of the movie was exciting「映画の後半は興奮した」(えいがのこうはんはこうふんした). The second half of the year is busy「年の後半は忙しい」(としのこうはんはいそがしい). This term is commonly paired with '前半 (ぜんはん)' to denote the first half of something.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2189

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lower, Unload

Reading

Kanji

下Down

Explanation

The Japanese verb '下ろす (おろす)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to lower,' which refers to physically moving something downward, such as lowering a flag or a window. For example: He lowered the flag「彼は旗を下ろした」(かれははたをおろした). The second meaning is 'to unload,' which refers to removing items from a vehicle or container. For example: They unloaded the boxes from the truck「彼らはトラックから箱を下ろした」(かれらはトラックからはこをおろした). The verb can also be used metaphorically, such as in financial contexts to mean 'to withdraw' money from an account. For example: I withdrew money from the ATM「ATMからお金を下ろした」(ATMからおかねをおろした).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2191

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Days

Reading

Kanji

日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '日々 (ひび)' means 'days'. It refers to the passage of time, specifically the everyday or daily occurrences. This word is often used to describe the routine or the flow of daily life. For example: I enjoy my days「私は日々を楽しんでいます」(わたしはひびをたのしんでいます). The days pass by quickly「日々は早く過ぎる」(ひびははやくすぎる). It can also be used in a more poetic or reflective context to emphasize the continuous nature of time.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2240

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rest, Absent

Reading

Kanji

休Rest

Explanation

The Japanese verb '休む (やすむ)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to rest' or 'to take a break', which refers to pausing activity to relax or recover. For example: I will rest today「今日は休む」(きょうはやすむ). The second meaning is 'to be absent' or 'to take time off', often used in the context of work or school. For example: He is absent from work today「彼は今日仕事を休む」(かれはきょうしごとをやすむ). The verb can also imply taking a day off for health or personal reasons. Note that the context determines which meaning is intended, as both are commonly used.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2251

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Regard

Reading

Kanji

見See

Explanation

The Japanese verb '見なす (みなす)' means 'to regard' or 'to consider as'. It is used when treating or judging something as if it were a certain way, even if it might not be so in reality. This verb often implies a formal or authoritative judgment. For example: The court regarded him as guilty「裁判所は彼を有罪と見なした」(さいばんしょはかれをゆうざいとみなした). In this company, punctuality is regarded as very important「この会社では時間厳守が非常に重要と見なされている」(このかいしゃではじかんげんしゅがひじょうにじゅうようとみなされている).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2268

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Temporarily, Once

Reading

Kanji

一One 時Time, Hour

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '一時 (いちじ)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'once', referring to a specific point in time in the past. For example: I lived there once「私は一時そこに住んでいた」(わたしはいちじそこにすんでいた). The second meaning is 'temporarily', indicating a short period or a temporary state. For example: The store is temporarily closed「その店は一時閉店中です」(そのみせはいちじへいてんちゅうです). The word is often used in formal or written contexts to describe past events or temporary situations.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2306

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Date

Reading

Kanji

月Moon, Month 日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '月日 (がっぴ)' refers to a specific 'date' on the calendar, typically used in formal or written contexts. It is often seen on official documents, forms, or when specifying a particular day in a structured format. For example: Please write the date here「ここに月日を書いてください」(ここにがっぴをかいてください). The date of the event is set for October 10th「イベントの月日は10月10日に決まりました」(イベントのがっぴはじゅうがつとおかにきまりました). Note that '月日' is more formal than other terms like '日付 (ひづけ)', which is also used to mean 'date' but in a broader sense.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2308

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Moneymaking

Reading

Kanji

金Gold

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '金もうけ (かねもうけ)' refers to the act of making money or earning a profit. It is often used in contexts where the focus is on generating income, whether through business, investments, or other means. This term can carry a neutral or slightly negative connotation, depending on the context, implying a focus on profit over other considerations. Example sentences: He is only interested in moneymaking「彼は金もうけにしか興味がない」(かれはかねもうけにしかきょうみがない). Moneymaking is not the only goal in life「金もうけだけが人生の目標ではない」(かねもうけだけがじんせいのもくひょうではない).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2309

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Before

Reading

Kanji

先Before, Previous

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '先に (さきに)' means 'before' or 'ahead'. It is used to indicate that something happens or should happen prior to another event or action. It can also imply going ahead or proceeding first in a sequence. For example: I will eat before you「先に食べます」(さきにたべます). Please go ahead and start「先に始めてください」(さきにはじめてください). This adverb is often used in contexts where timing or order of actions is important, and it can be used both in formal and informal settings.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2312

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Now, Around now

Reading

Kanji

今Now

Explanation

The Japanese noun '今ごろ (いまごろ)' refers to the current time or the approximate present moment. It can be translated as 'now' or 'around now' and is often used to indicate what is happening or should be happening at this time. For example: What is he doing now?「彼は今ごろ何をしているの？」(かれはいまごろなにをしているの？). By now, the train should have arrived「今ごろ電車は着いているはずだ」(いまごろでんしゃはついているはずだ). The word can also imply a sense of speculation or estimation about the current situation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2315

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Soon, Any moment

Reading

Kanji

今Now

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '今にも (いまにも)' is used to indicate that something is about to happen very soon or at any moment. It often carries a sense of urgency or immediacy. This word is commonly used in situations where an event is on the verge of occurring, such as rain about to fall or someone about to cry. For example: It looks like it's going to rain soon「今にも雨が降りそうだ」(いまにもあめがふりそうだ). She looks like she's about to cry any moment「彼女は今にも泣き出しそうだ」(かのじょはいまにもなきだしそうだ). The adverb is often paired with verbs or expressions that suggest something is imminent.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2318

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Soon, Eventually

Reading

Kanji

今Now

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '今に (いまに)' can mean 'soon' or 'eventually', depending on the context. It is often used to express that something will happen in the near future or at some point in time, often with a sense of inevitability or anticipation. For example: He will succeed soon「彼は今に成功する」(かれはいまにせいこうする). Eventually, everyone will understand「今にみんながわかる」(いまにみんながわかる). The nuance of '今に' can imply a sense of waiting or expectation, and it is commonly used in both casual and formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2321

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Coming and going

Reading

Kanji

行Go 来Come

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '行き来 (いきき)' refers to the act of going and coming, or movement back and forth between places. It can describe physical movement, such as traveling between two locations, or metaphorical movement, such as the exchange of ideas or communication. For example: There is a lot of coming and going between the two cities「二つの都市の間で行き来が多い」(ふたつのとしのあいだでいききがおおい). The exchange of letters between them was frequent「彼らの間で手紙の行き来が頻繁だった」(かれらのあいだでてがみのいききがひんぱんだった).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2322

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exaggerated

Reading

Kanji

大Big

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '大げさ (おおげさ)' means 'exaggerated'. It is used to describe something that is overstated, overdone, or blown out of proportion. This word often carries a slightly negative nuance, implying that the exaggeration is unnecessary or excessive. For example: his reaction was exaggerated「彼の反応は大げさだった」(かれのはんのうはおおげさだった). She always makes a big deal out of small things「彼女はいつも小さなことを大げさにする」(かのじょはいつもちいさなことをおおげさにする). The word can also be used to describe actions, statements, or even gestures that are overly dramatic or theatrical.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2327

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Utilize

Reading

Kanji

生Life

Explanation

The Japanese verb '生かす (いかす)' means 'to utilize' or 'to make use of'. It is often used to describe the act of effectively using something, such as skills, resources, or opportunities, to their fullest potential. For example: I want to utilize my skills「自分のスキルを生かしたい」(じぶんのスキルをいかしたい). We should utilize this opportunity「この機会を生かすべきだ」(このきかいをいかすべきだ). The verb can also imply bringing something to life or making something effective, as in 'to bring out the best in something'. It is commonly used in both professional and personal contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2330

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Flood

Reading

Kanji

大Big 水Water

Explanation

The Japanese noun '大水 (おおみず)' refers to a 'flood'. This term is used to describe an overflow of water that submerges land, often caused by heavy rainfall or overflowing rivers. It is a natural disaster that can cause significant damage. Example sentences: The flood destroyed many houses「大水で多くの家が壊れた」(おおみずでおおくのいえがこわれた). After the flood, the town was in chaos「大水の後、町は混乱していた」(おおみずのあと、まちはこんらんしていた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2331

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Underwater

Reading

Kanji

水Water 中Center

Explanation

The Japanese noun '水中 (すいちゅう)' means 'underwater'. It refers to anything that is situated, occurring, or done beneath the surface of water. This word is commonly used in contexts related to swimming, diving, marine biology, or underwater photography. For example: The fish swim underwater「魚は水中を泳ぐ」(さかなはすいちゅうをおよぐ). The underwater camera captured beautiful coral「水中カメラが美しいサンゴを撮影した」(すいちゅうカメラがうつくしいサンゴをさつえいした). Note that '水中' is often used as a noun but can also function as a no-adjective (e.g., 水中探査 (すいちゅうたんさ) - underwater exploration).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2333

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Descend, Decrease

Reading

Kanji

下Down

Explanation

The Japanese verb '下がる (さがる)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'to descend' or 'to move downward,' which is used to describe physical movement from a higher to a lower position. For example: The elevator descended「エレベーターが下がった」(エレベーターがさがった). The second meaning is 'to decrease' or 'to drop,' which is used to describe a reduction in quantity, level, or value. For example: The temperature decreased「気温が下がった」(きおんがさがった). This verb is commonly used in both literal and figurative contexts, and its meaning depends on the situation. Note that '下がる' is an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2335

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Small

Reading

Kanji

小Small

Explanation

The Japanese noun '小 (しょう)' means 'small' or 'little'. It is often used in compound words or names to indicate something is small in size or scale. For example: small mountain『小山』(しょうやま), small river『小川』(おがわ). It can also be used in names of people or places. For example: Mr. Kojima『小島さん』(こじまさん). Note that while '小' can stand alone as a noun, it is more commonly seen as part of compound words.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2336

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Enter, Rise

Reading

Kanji

上Up

Explanation

The Japanese verb '上がる (あがる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to rise' or 'to go up,' which can refer to physical movement, such as climbing stairs, or abstract concepts, like prices increasing. For example: the sun rises「太陽が上がる」(たいようがあがる). The second meaning is 'to enter,' often used when entering a house or building, particularly in the context of removing shoes before stepping up into a home. For example: please come in「どうぞ上がってください」(どうぞあがってください). The verb is versatile and context-dependent, so understanding the situation is key to interpreting its meaning correctly.

Part Of Speech

none

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2340

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sewage

Reading

Kanji

下Down 水Water

Explanation

The Japanese noun '下水 (げすい)' refers to 'sewage' or 'wastewater'. It specifically denotes water that has been used in households, industries, or businesses and contains waste materials. This term is commonly used in discussions about sanitation, infrastructure, and environmental issues. For example: The city is improving its sewage system「市は下水システムを改善している」(しはげすいシステムをかいぜんしている). The smell of sewage is strong here「ここは下水の臭いが強い」(ここはげすいのにおいがつよい). It is important to note that '下水' is often used in technical or formal contexts related to urban planning and public health.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2343

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Updown

Reading

Kanji

上Up 下Down

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '上下 (じょうげ)' refers to the concept of 'up and down' or 'top and bottom'. It can describe physical movement, such as going up and down stairs, or abstract concepts, like fluctuations in status or rankings. For example: The elevator goes up and down「エレベーターが上下する」(エレベーターがじょうげする). There is a big difference between the top and bottom of the company「会社の上下の差が大きい」(かいしゃのじょうげのさがおおきい). This word is often used in contexts involving hierarchy, movement, or spatial relationships.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2344

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Morning, AM

Reading

Kanji

午Noon 前Before, Front

Explanation

The Japanese noun '午前 (ごぜん)' refers to the time period from midnight to noon, commonly known as 'morning' or 'AM' in English. It is often used in contexts related to time, schedules, or appointments. For example: The meeting is at 10 AM「会議は午前10時です」(かいぎはごぜんじゅうじです). I wake up early in the morning「私は午前中に早く起きます」(わたしはごぜんちゅうにはやくおきます). Note that '午前' is typically used in formal or written contexts, while '朝 (あさ)' is more commonly used in casual speech to refer to the morning.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2350

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Adult

Reading

Kanji

大Big 人Person

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '大人 (おとな)' means 'adult'. It refers to someone who is fully grown or mature, both physically and mentally. This word is often used to describe behavior, responsibility, or appearance associated with adulthood. For example: He is an adult「彼は大人です」(かれはおとなです). She behaves like an adult「彼女は大人のように振る舞う」(かのじょはおとなのようにふるまう). It can also be used in contrast to children, as in '大人と子供 (おとなとこども) (adults and children)'. The word carries a nuance of maturity and responsibility, and it is often used in contexts where the distinction between childhood and adulthood is important.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2351

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Outing

Reading

Kanji

外Outside 出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '外出 (がいしゅつ)' refers to the act of going out or leaving one's home or usual place. It is commonly used to describe activities such as going outside for errands, leisure, or other purposes. For example: I went out for shopping「買い物に外出した」(かいものにがいしゅつした). She rarely goes out「彼女はめったに外出しない」(かのじょはめったにがいしゅつしない). The word can also imply a temporary absence from a place, such as leaving the office or home for a short period.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2352

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Line, Row

Reading

Kanji

行Go

Explanation

The Japanese noun '行 (ぎょう)' primarily refers to a 'row' or 'line'. It is commonly used in contexts such as seating arrangements, text formatting, or organizing items in a sequence. For example: the text is written in three lines「テキストは三行で書かれている」(てきすとはさんぎょうでかかれている). Please sit in the front row「前の行に座ってください」(まえのぎょうにすわってください). Additionally, '行' can also refer to a line of text in written material, such as in books or documents. For instance: this paragraph has five lines「この段落は五行あります」(このだんらくはごぎょうあります).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2353

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Volcano

Reading

Kanji

火Fire 山Mountain

Explanation

The Japanese noun '火山 (かざん)' means 'volcano'. This term refers to a mountain or hill that has a crater or vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and gas are or have been erupted from the earth's crust. It is commonly used in both scientific and everyday contexts. For example: Mount Fuji is a famous volcano「富士山は有名な火山です」(ふじさんはゆうめいなかざんです). The volcano erupted last night「その火山は昨夜噴火しました」(そのかざんはさくやふんかしました). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is explosive or intense, such as emotions or situations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2366

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stream

Reading

Kanji

小Small 川River

Explanation

The Japanese noun '小川 (おがわ)' means 'stream'. It refers to a small, narrow body of flowing water, typically smaller than a river. This word is often used in poetic or descriptive contexts to evoke a sense of nature and tranquility. For example: there is a stream near my house「私の家の近くに小川があります」(わたしのいえのちかくにおがわがあります). The sound of the stream is soothing「小川の音は心地よいです」(おがわのおとはここちよいです). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that flows gently or continuously, like a stream of thoughts or time.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2369

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Manly

Reading

Kanji

男Man

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '男らしい (おとこらしい)' means 'manly' or 'masculine'. It is used to describe traits, behaviors, or appearances that are traditionally associated with men, such as strength, courage, or assertiveness. This word carries a positive connotation and is often used to compliment someone. For example: He is very manly「彼はとても男らしい」(かれはとてもおとこらしい). It's manly to take responsibility「責任を取るのは男らしい」(せきにんをとるのはおとこらしい). Note that this word reflects cultural expectations of masculinity and may not always align with modern perspectives on gender roles.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2384

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Feminine

Reading

Kanji

女Woman

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '女らしい (おんならしい)' means 'feminine' and is used to describe qualities, behaviors, or appearances that are traditionally associated with women. It emphasizes traits such as grace, elegance, or gentleness. For example: She has a feminine way of speaking「彼女は女らしい話し方をする」(かのじょはおんならしいはなしかたをする). That dress looks very feminine「そのドレスはとても女らしい」(そのドレスはとてもおんならしい). The term can sometimes carry cultural expectations or stereotypes about gender roles, so it should be used with awareness of context.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2388

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Raise

Reading

Kanji

高High, Expensive

Explanation

The Japanese verb '高める (たかめる)' means 'to raise' or 'to elevate'. It is used to describe the action of increasing the level, quality, or status of something. This verb can be applied to both physical and abstract concepts. For example: She raised her voice「彼女は声を高めた」(かのじょはこえをたかめた). We need to elevate the quality of our products「私たちは製品の質を高める必要がある」(わたしたちはせいひんのしつをたかめるひつようがある). The verb is often used in contexts where improvement or enhancement is the goal, such as in skills, standards, or awareness.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2390

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Milky Way

Reading

Kanji

天Heaven 川River

Explanation

The Japanese noun '天の川 (あまのがわ)' refers to the 'Milky Way', the galaxy that contains our solar system. In Japanese culture, it is often associated with the Tanabata festival, where the story of two star-crossed lovers, Orihime and Hikoboshi, is celebrated. The Milky Way is seen as a river that separates the lovers, who are allowed to meet only once a year on the seventh day of the seventh month. Example sentences: The Milky Way is beautiful tonight「今夜の天の川は美しい」(こんやのあまのがわはうつくしい). According to legend, the Milky Way separates the lovers「伝説によると、天の川が恋人たちを隔てている」(でんせつによると、あまのがわがこいびとたちをへだてている).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2402

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Heavy rain

Reading

Kanji

大Big 雨Rain

Explanation

The Japanese noun '大雨 (おおあめ)' means 'heavy rain'. This term is used to describe a significant amount of rainfall, often associated with storms or adverse weather conditions. It is commonly used in weather forecasts and warnings. For example: There will be heavy rain tomorrow「明日は大雨が降るでしょう」(あしたはおおあめがふるでしょう). The heavy rain caused flooding「大雨で洪水が起きた」(おおあめでこうずいがおきた). Note that '大雨' specifically refers to the intensity of the rain, not just any rain.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2409

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Drizzle

Reading

Kanji

小Small 雨Rain

Explanation

The Japanese noun '小雨 (こさめ)' refers to a light rain or drizzle. It is used to describe a gentle, fine rain that falls softly and is not heavy or intense. This word is often used in weather forecasts or when describing the atmosphere of a scene. For example: The drizzle feels refreshing「小雨が気持ちいい」(こさめがきもちいい). It's drizzling outside「外は小雨が降っている」(そとはこさめがふっている). The word carries a poetic nuance and is often associated with a calm or serene mood.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2412

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rainy weather

Reading

Kanji

雨Rain 天Heaven

Explanation

The Japanese noun '雨天 (うてん)' refers to 'rainy weather' or a 'rainy day'. It is commonly used in weather forecasts, event planning, or when discussing outdoor activities. For example: The event was postponed due to rainy weather「雨天のためイベントは延期されました」(うてんのためイベントはえんきされました). Rainy weather continued for three days「雨天が三日続きました」(うてんがみっかつづきました). This word is often used in formal or written contexts and is less common in casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2413

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Produce

Reading

Kanji

生Life 出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese verb '生み出す (うみだす)' means 'to produce' or 'to create'. It is used to describe the act of bringing something new into existence, whether it be a physical object, an idea, or a result. This verb often implies a sense of innovation or creativity. For example: The artist produced a new masterpiece「その芸術家は新しい傑作を生み出した」(そのげいじゅつかはあたらしいけっさくをうみだした). The company created a revolutionary product「その会社は画期的な製品を生み出した」(そのかいしゃはかっきてきなせいひんをうみだした). The verb can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as producing results or outcomes: Hard work produces good results「努力は良い結果を生み出す」(どりょくはよいけっかをうみだす).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2419

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Middle, Halfway

Reading

Kanji

半Half

Explanation

The Japanese noun '半ば (なかば)' can mean 'middle' or 'halfway'. It is often used to describe a point in time, space, or progress that is neither the beginning nor the end. For example: we are halfway through the year「今年も半ばです」(ことしもなかばです). The meeting is in the middle of the agenda「会議は議題の半ばです」(かいぎはぎだいのなかばです). The word can also imply a sense of incompleteness or ongoing progress, as in 'the project is halfway done'「プロジェクトは半ばです」(ぷろじぇくと は なかばです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2422

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Yen strength

Reading

Kanji

円Circle, Yen 高High, Expensive

Explanation

The Japanese noun '円高 (えんだか)' refers to a situation where the value of the Japanese yen is strong or high relative to other currencies. This term is commonly used in economic and financial contexts to describe the yen's exchange rate. For example: The yen's strength is affecting exports「円高が輸出に影響を与えている」(えんだかがゆしゅつにえいきょうをあたえている). Due to the strong yen, traveling abroad has become cheaper「円高のため、海外旅行が安くなった」(えんだかのため、かいがいりょこうがやすくなった). It's important to note that '円高' is often discussed in relation to its opposite, '円安 (えんやす)', which means a weak yen.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2435

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

This book

Reading

Kanji

本Book, Origin 書Write

Explanation

The Japanese noun '本書 (ほんしょ)' refers to 'this book' or 'the present book'. It is often used in formal or written contexts to refer to the book being discussed or the book in question. For example: Please refer to this book for more details「詳細については本書をご参照ください」(しょうさいについてはほんしょをごさんしょうください). This book contains important information「本書には重要な情報が含まれています」(ほんしょにはじゅうようなじょうほうがふくまれています). The term is commonly used in academic, legal, or technical documents to specify the book being referenced.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2449

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Boy

Reading

Kanji

男Man 子Child

Explanation

The Japanese noun '男の子 (おとこのこ)' means 'boy'. It is used to refer to a male child or young male. This term is commonly used in everyday conversation and is neutral in tone. For example: That boy is running「あの男の子は走っている」(あのおとこのこははしっている). I saw a boy at the park「公園で男の子を見た」(こうえんでおとこのこをみた). The term can also be used to describe a young male in general, such as in the phrase '男の子の友達 (おとこのこのともだち)' which means 'a boy friend'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2457

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Eating out

Reading

Kanji

外Outside 食Eat, Food

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '外食 (がいしょく)' refers to the act of eating out or dining outside the home, typically at restaurants, cafes, or other food establishments. It is commonly used to describe the practice of consuming meals prepared by others rather than cooking at home. For example: I often eat out「私はよく外食します」(わたしはよくがいしょくします). Eating out is convenient「外食は便利です」(がいしょくはべんりです). This term is often used in contexts discussing lifestyle, convenience, or dietary habits.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2462

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bread

Reading

Kanji

食Eat, Food

Explanation

The Japanese noun '食パン (しょくぱん)' refers to a type of bread, specifically a loaf of white bread that is commonly eaten in Japan. It is often used for making toast or sandwiches. The term is derived from '食' meaning 'food' or 'eating' and 'パン' which is the Japanese word for 'bread', borrowed from Portuguese. Example sentences: I bought bread at the bakery「パン屋で食パンを買いました」(ぱんやでしょくぱんをかいました). This bread is very soft「この食パンはとても柔らかいです」(このしょくぱんはとてもやわらかいです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2465

Composition

kanji-katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Loanword

Reading

Kanji

外Outside 来Come 語Language, Word

Explanation

The Japanese noun '外来語 (がいらいご)' refers to a 'loanword', which is a word adopted from a foreign language and incorporated into Japanese. These words are often written in katakana to distinguish them from native Japanese words or Sino-Japanese vocabulary. Loanwords are commonly derived from English, Portuguese, Dutch, and other languages, reflecting Japan's historical and cultural exchanges. For example: 'computer' is a loanword「コンピュータは外来語です」(コンピュータはがいらいごです). 'Bread' is also a loanword「パンは外来語です」(パンはがいらいごです). Loanwords are widely used in modern Japanese, especially in fields like technology, fashion, and food.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2471

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Draft

Reading

Kanji

下Down 書Write

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '下書き (したがき)' refers to a preliminary version of a written work, such as an essay, letter, or drawing. It is used to describe the initial sketch or outline before the final version is completed. For example: I wrote a draft of my essay「私はエッセイの下書きを書いた」(わたしはエッセイのしたがきをかいた). Please review this draft「この下書きを確認してください」(このしたがきをかくにんしてください). The term emphasizes the preparatory nature of the work, often implying that revisions or improvements will follow.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2474

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Postscript

Reading

Kanji

後After, Behind 書Write

Explanation

The Japanese noun '後書き (あとがき)' refers to a 'postscript' or 'afterword' in a written work. It is typically found at the end of books, essays, or letters, where the author provides additional comments, reflections, or acknowledgments. This section is often used to explain the context of the work, share personal thoughts, or thank contributors. For example: The author's postscript was very touching「著者の後書きはとても感動的でした」(ちょしゃのあとがきはとてもかんどうてきでした). I always read the postscript first「私はいつも後書きを先に読みます」(わたしはいつもあとがきをさきによみます). The term can also be used metaphorically to refer to a concluding remark or final note in any context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2476

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Alighting

Reading

Kanji

下Down 車Car

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '下車 (げしゃ)' means 'alighting' or 'getting off' a vehicle, such as a train, bus, or car. It is commonly used in transportation contexts, particularly in announcements or signs. For example: Please get off at the next station「次の駅で下車してください」(つぎのえきでげしゃしてください). This term is often paired with '乗車 (じょうしゃ)' (boarding) to describe the complete process of getting on and off a vehicle. Another example: Alighting is prohibited here「ここでは下車禁止です」(ここではげしゃきんしです).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2501

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Countries

Reading

Kanji

国Country

Explanation

The Japanese noun '国々 (くにぐに)' means 'countries'. This word is the plural form of '国 (くに)', which means 'country'. It is used to refer to multiple countries collectively. For example: Many countries participated in the event「多くの国々がイベントに参加した」(おおくのくにぐにがイベントにさんかした). The cultures of various countries are fascinating「さまざまな国々の文化は魅力的だ」(さまざまなくにぐにのぶんかはみりょくてきだ). Note that '国々' is often used in formal or literary contexts to emphasize the plurality of nations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2536

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Abroad

Reading

Kanji

国Country 外Outside

Explanation

The Japanese noun '国外 (こくがい)' means 'abroad' or 'outside the country'. It refers to any location or situation that is outside the borders of one's own country. This term is often used in contexts related to travel, immigration, or international affairs. For example: He went abroad「彼は国外に行った」(かれはこくがいにいった). The company expanded its business abroad「その会社は国外に事業を拡大した」(そのかいしゃはこくがいにじぎょうをかくだいした). Note that '国外' is a formal term and is commonly used in written or official contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2541

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Departure

Reading

Kanji

出Exit 国Country

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '出国 (しゅっこく)' means 'departure' in the context of leaving a country. It is commonly used in situations involving travel, immigration, or legal processes related to exiting a country. For example: His departure from Japan was sudden「彼の日本からの出国は突然だった」(かれのにほんからのしゅっこくはとつぜんだった). You must complete the departure procedures「出国手続きを完了しなければならない」(しゅっこくてつづきをかんりょうしなければならない). This term is often used in formal or official contexts, such as at airports or immigration offices.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2542

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Four thousand

Reading

Kanji

四Four 千Thousand

Explanation

The Japanese noun '四千 (よんせん)' means 'four thousand'. It is a numerical term used to represent the quantity 4,000. This word is commonly used in contexts involving counting, measurements, or quantities. For example: the price is four thousand yen「値段は四千円です」(ねだんはよんせんえんです). There are four thousand people in the audience「観客は四千人います」(かんきゃくはよんせんにんいます). Note that '四千' is often used in formal or written contexts, while in casual speech, people might simply say 'よんせん' without the kanji.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2608

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mere

Reading

Kanji

本Book, Origin

Explanation

The Japanese determiner '本の (ほんの)' is used to express something as being 'mere', 'only', or 'just a little'. It emphasizes the smallness or insignificance of the quantity or degree of something. This word is often used to downplay the significance of what is being described, making it seem modest or trivial. For example: It's just a small gift「本のちょっとしたプレゼントです」(ほんのちょっとしたプレゼントです). It's only a matter of time「本の時間の問題です」(ほんのじかんのもんだいです). Note that '本の' is typically followed by a noun or noun phrase to describe the limited nature of that noun.

Part Of Speech

determiner

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2610

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Recently

Reading

Kanji

先Before, Previous 日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '先日 (せんじつ)' refers to a recent day or time in the past, often translated as 'recently' or 'the other day'. It is used to refer to an event or occurrence that happened a few days ago, but not too far in the past. For example: I met him recently「先日彼に会いました」(せんじつかれにあいました). The other day, I went to the park「先日、公園に行きました」(せんじつ、こうえんにいきました). This word is commonly used in both casual and formal contexts to refer to recent events without specifying an exact date.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2665

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Every year

Reading

Kanji

毎Every 年Year

Explanation

The Japanese noun '毎年 (まいとし)' means 'every year'. It is used to describe something that happens or occurs annually, without fail. This word is often used in contexts where regularity or repetition on a yearly basis is emphasized. For example: I visit my grandparents every year「毎年、祖父母を訪ねます」(まいとし、そふぼをおとずれます). The festival is held every year「その祭りは毎年行われます」(そのまつりはまいとしおこなわれます). Note that '毎年' is a noun and can be used as an adverb in sentences without requiring additional particles.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2696

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Name

Reading

Kanji

人Person 名Name

Explanation

The Japanese noun '人名 (じんめい)' refers to a person's name. It is a formal term used in contexts where specifying or referring to someone's name is necessary, such as in legal documents, official records, or formal introductions. Example sentences: Please write your name here「ここに人名を書いてください」(ここにじんめいをかいてください). The name of the author is unknown「著者の人名は不明です」(ちょしゃのじんめいはふめいです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2699

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Country name

Reading

Kanji

国Country 名Name

Explanation

The Japanese noun '国名 (こくめい)' refers to the name of a country. It is a compound word formed from '国 (くに)' meaning 'country' and '名 (めい)' meaning 'name'. This term is commonly used in contexts where the specific name of a country is being discussed or identified. For example: What is the country name?「国名は何ですか？」(こくめいはなんですか？). The country name is Japan「国名は日本です」(こくめいはにほんです). It is a straightforward term often used in geography, travel, and international discussions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2700

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Descend, Decide

Reading

Kanji

下Down

Explanation

The Japanese verb '下る (くだる)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to descend' or 'to go down', often used in the context of physically moving from a higher place to a lower one. For example: The river descends from the mountain「川が山から下る」(かわがやまからくだる). The second meaning is 'to be decided' or 'to be issued', often used in formal or official contexts, such as legal judgments or official orders. For example: The verdict was decided「判決が下った」(はんけつがくだった). Note that the second meaning is unrelated to the first and is used in more abstract or formal situations.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2732

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Birth

Reading

Kanji

生Life

Explanation

The Japanese noun '生まれ (うまれ)' refers to 'birth' or 'origin'. It is used to describe where or when someone or something was born, as well as their inherent nature or background. For example: He is of noble birth「彼は高貴な生まれです」(かれはこうきなうまれです). I was born in Tokyo「私は東京生まれです」(わたしはとうきょううまれです). This word can also imply a person's innate qualities or characteristics tied to their origin, such as '生まれつき (うまれつき)' meaning 'innate' or 'from birth'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2740

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Arise

Reading

Kanji

生Life

Explanation

The Japanese verb '生じる (しょうじる)' means 'to arise' or 'to occur'. It is used to describe something that comes into existence or happens, often as a result of certain conditions or circumstances. This verb is commonly used in formal or written contexts. For example: A problem arose「問題が生じた」(もんだいがしょうじた). A new opportunity arose「新しい機会が生じた」(あたらしいきかいがしょうじた). It can also be used to describe the emergence of something, such as a situation or phenomenon. For example: A misunderstanding arose「誤解が生じた」(ごかいがしょうじた).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2773

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Birthdate

Reading

Kanji

生Life 年Year 月Moon, Month 日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '生年月日 (せいねんがっぴ)' refers to a person's 'birthdate'. It is a formal term used in official documents, forms, or when precise personal information is required. The word is composed of three kanji: 生 (せい) meaning 'birth', 年 (ねん) meaning 'year', 月 (がつ) meaning 'month', and 日 (ぴ) meaning 'day'. Example sentences: Please write your birthdate「生年月日を書いてください」(せいねんがっぴをかいてください). My birthdate is January 1, 1990「私の生年月日は1990年1月1日です」(わたしのせいねんがっぴは1990ねん1がつ1にちです). This term is often used in contexts like job applications, medical records, or government forms.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2784

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Innately

Reading

Kanji

生Life

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '生まれつき (うまれつき)' means 'innately' or 'by nature'. It is used to describe characteristics, abilities, or traits that a person or thing possesses from birth or inherently. This word emphasizes that the quality is not acquired but is instead a natural part of someone or something. For example: She is innately talented「彼女は生まれつき才能がある」(かのじょはうまれつきさいのうがある). He is innately kind「彼は生まれつき優しい」(かれはうまれつきやさしい). The word can also be used to describe physical traits, such as '生まれつきの髪の色 (うまれつきのかみのいろ)' (natural hair color). It is often used in contexts discussing personality, abilities, or physical attributes.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2787

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vividly

Reading

Kanji

生Life

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '生き生きと (いきいきと)' means 'vividly' or 'lively'. It is used to describe actions or states that are full of life, energy, or vitality. This adverb often conveys a sense of freshness, dynamism, or enthusiasm. For example: She spoke vividly about her trip「彼女は旅行について生き生きと話した」(かのじょはりょこうについていきいきとはなした). The flowers bloomed vividly in the garden「庭の花が生き生きと咲いていた」(にわのはないきいきとさいていた). This word is commonly used in contexts where something or someone appears to be full of life or energy, making it a versatile and expressive term in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2791

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

President

Reading

Kanji

学Learn 長Long, Leader

Explanation

The Japanese noun '学長 (がくちょう)' refers to the 'president' or 'head' of a university. This term is specifically used in academic contexts to denote the highest-ranking official at a university, responsible for its overall administration and leadership. For example: The university president gave a speech「学長がスピーチをしました」(がくちょうがすぴーちをしました). The president of the university is very respected「学長はとても尊敬されています」(がくちょうはとてもそんけいされています). Note that this term is distinct from other leadership titles like '校長 (こうちょう)', which refers to the principal of a school.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2810

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Languages

Reading

Kanji

語Language, Word 学Learn

Explanation

The Japanese noun '語学 (ごがく)' refers to the study or knowledge of languages. It is often used in contexts related to learning or teaching foreign languages, linguistics, or language skills. For example: I study languages at university「大学で語学を勉強しています」(だいがくでごがくをべんきょうしています). She has a talent for languages「彼女は語学の才能がある」(かのじょはごがくのさいのうがある). The term can also imply proficiency in multiple languages or the academic field of linguistics.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2811

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Leave

Reading

Kanji

休Rest 学Learn

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '休学 (きゅうがく)' refers to taking a temporary leave of absence from school or university. This term is commonly used when a student needs to pause their studies for personal, health, or other reasons, with the intention of returning later. For example: I took a leave of absence from university「大学を休学しました」(だいがくをきゅうがくしました). She is on a leave of absence due to illness「彼女は病気で休学中です」(かのじょはびょうきできゅうがくちゅうです). It is important to note that '休学' implies a formal process and is distinct from simply skipping classes or dropping out.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2820

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Days

Reading

Kanji

日Day, Sun 間Interval, Space

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '日間 (にちかん)' is used to indicate a duration or period of time measured in days. It is often attached to a number to specify how many days something lasts or occurs. For example: a three-day trip「三日間の旅行」(みっかかんのりょこう). The meeting will last for five days「会議は五日間続きます」(かいぎはいつかかんつづきます). This suffix is commonly used in contexts involving schedules, events, or activities that span multiple days.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2862

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Elementary

Reading

Kanji

小Small 学Learn

Explanation

The Japanese noun '小学 (しょうがく)' refers to 'elementary school', which is the first stage of formal education in Japan, typically for children aged 6 to 12. This term is often used in educational contexts or when discussing school-related topics. For example: My sister is in elementary school「妹は小学です」(いもうとはしょうがくです). He teaches at an elementary school「彼は小学で教えています」(かれはしょうがくでおしえています). The term can also appear in compound words, such as '小学生 (しょうがくせい)', which means 'elementary school student'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2928

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Greatly

Reading

Kanji

大Big

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '大いに (おおいに)' means 'greatly' or 'very much'. It is used to emphasize the degree or extent of something, often in a positive or enthusiastic way. This adverb is commonly used in formal or written contexts, but can also appear in spoken language. For example: I greatly enjoyed the party「パーティーを大いに楽しんだ」(ぱーてぃーをおおいにたのしんだ). We should greatly value this opportunity「この機会を大いに大切にすべきだ」(このきかいをおおいにたいせつにすべきだ). Note that '大いに' can also imply a sense of abundance or fullness, as in '大いに笑う (おおいにわらう)' (to laugh heartily).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2938

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Half year

Reading

Kanji

半Half 年Year

Explanation

The Japanese noun '半年 (はんとし)' means 'half a year' or 'six months'. It is commonly used to refer to a period of time spanning six months. This term is often used in contexts such as contracts, academic semesters, or personal milestones. For example: I will study abroad for half a year「半年留学します」(はんとしりゅうがくします). The project will take half a year to complete「そのプロジェクトは半年かかります」(そのプロジェクトははんとしかかります). Note that '半年' is a specific term and should not be confused with other time-related words like '一年 (いちねん)' (one year) or '一ヶ月 (いっかげつ)' (one month).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2979

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rise

Reading

Kanji

高High, Expensive

Explanation

The Japanese verb '高まる (たかまる)' means 'to rise' or 'to increase'. It is often used to describe an increase in intensity, level, or degree of something, such as emotions, tension, or quality. For example: the tension is rising「緊張が高まっている」(きんちょうがたかまっている). The quality of the product has increased「製品の品質が高まった」(せいひんのひんしつがたかまった). This verb is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to express a gradual or significant rise in various aspects.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2987

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Discover

Reading

Kanji

見See 出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese verb '見出だす (みいだす)' means 'to discover' or 'to find out'. It is used when someone uncovers or identifies something that was previously hidden, unknown, or unnoticed. This verb often implies a process of searching or analyzing to arrive at the discovery. For example: He discovered a new species of insect「彼は新しい昆虫の種を見出だした」(かれはあたらしいこんちゅうのしゅをみいだした). She found a solution to the problem「彼女は問題の解決策を見出だした」(かのじょはもんだいのかいけつさくをみいだした). The verb can also be used in abstract contexts, such as discovering a new idea or principle.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3027

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

World

Reading

Kanji

天Heaven 下Down

Explanation

The Japanese noun '天下 (てんか)' primarily means 'the world' or 'the realm under heaven'. It is often used in historical or literary contexts to refer to the entire country or the land under a ruler's control. It can also imply dominance or supremacy over a domain. For example: He ruled the world「彼は天下を治めた」(かれはてんかをおさめた). The world is at peace「天下は平和だ」(てんかはへいわだ). This term carries a sense of grandeur and is frequently used in expressions related to power and authority.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3036

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

All at once

Reading

Kanji

一One 気Spirit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '一気 (いっき)' means 'all at once' or 'in one go'. It is used to describe doing something in a single, continuous action without stopping. This word is often used in contexts where a task or action is completed quickly and without interruption. For example: He drank the beer all at once「彼はビールを一気に飲んだ」(かれはビールをいっきにのんだ). She read the book in one go「彼女はその本を一気に読んだ」(かのじょはそのほんをいっきによんだ). The word can also imply a sense of urgency or intensity in the action being described.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3106

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Six thousand

Reading

Kanji

六Six 千Thousand

Explanation

The Japanese noun '六千 (ろくせん)' means 'six thousand'. It is a numerical term used to denote the quantity of six thousand. This word is often used in contexts involving counting, pricing, or any situation where large numbers are discussed. For example: the price is six thousand yen「値段は六千円です」(ねだんはろくせんえんです). There are six thousand people in the audience「観客は六千人です」(かんきゃくはろくせんにんです). Note that '六千' is a specific number and is used in formal or written contexts, while in casual speech, numbers are often expressed in a more simplified manner.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3193

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

School

Reading

Kanji

校School

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '校 (こう)' means 'school' and is commonly attached to the names or types of educational institutions. It is used to specify the type of school or to refer to a particular school. For example: elementary school「小学校」(しょうがっこう), high school「高校」(こうこう), or Tokyo University「東京大学校」(とうきょうだいがくこう). This suffix is neutral in tone and is widely used in formal and informal contexts. Note that '校' can also appear in compound words related to schools, such as '校舎 (こうしゃ)' (school building) or '校長 (こうちょう)' (school principal).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3414

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lookup

Reading

Kanji

見See 上Up

Explanation

The Japanese verb '見上げる (みあげる)' means 'to look up'. This verb is used when someone directs their gaze upward, either literally or metaphorically. It can be used to describe physically looking up at something, such as the sky or a tall building, or metaphorically to express admiration or respect for someone. For example: I looked up at the stars「星を見上げた」(ほしをみあげた). She looked up to her teacher「彼女は先生を見上げた」(かのじょはせんせいをみあげた). It's important to note that this verb is often used in contexts where the subject is looking up at something from a lower position, emphasizing the direction of the gaze.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3451

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Middle, Interim

Reading

Kanji

中Center 間Interval, Space

Explanation

The Japanese noun '中間 (ちゅうかん)' primarily means 'middle' or 'interim'. It refers to the midpoint or intermediate stage of something, such as time, space, or a process. For example: the middle of the year「年の中間」(としのちゅうかん). It can also describe an interim report or status, such as: the interim results of the experiment「実験の中間結果」(じっけんのちゅうかんけっか). This word is often used in academic, business, or technical contexts to indicate a stage between the beginning and the end.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3491

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Great, Not much

Reading

Kanji

大Big

Explanation

The Japanese determiner '大した (たいした)' has two distinct meanings depending on the context. The first meaning is 'great' or 'remarkable', often used to describe something impressive or significant. For example: That's a great achievement「それは大した成果だ」(それはたいしたせいかだ). The second meaning is 'not much' or 'nothing much', typically used in negative constructions to downplay something. For example: It's not a big deal「大したことじゃない」(たいしたことじゃない). The nuance of this word depends heavily on whether it is used in a positive or negative context.

Part Of Speech

determiner

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3556

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

National language, Japanese language

Reading

Kanji

国Country 語Language, Word

Explanation

The Japanese noun '国語 (こくご)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning refers to the 'national language' of a country, which in the context of Japan is Japanese. The second meaning specifically refers to the 'Japanese language' as a subject of study, often taught in schools. For example: I study Japanese in school「私は学校で国語を勉強します」(わたしはがっこうでこくごをべんきょうします). The national language of Japan is Japanese「日本の国語は日本語です」(にほんのこくごはにほんごです). The term is commonly used in educational settings to refer to the study of Japanese language and literature.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3639

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Decide

Reading

Kanji

下Down

Explanation

The Japanese verb '下す (くだす)' primarily means 'to decide' or 'to make a decision'. It is often used in formal or authoritative contexts, such as when a judge makes a ruling or when a leader makes an important decision. For example: The judge decided the case「裁判官は判決を下した」(さいばんかんははんけつをくだした). The government decided on the policy「政府は政策を下した」(せいふはせいさくをくだした). Additionally, '下す' can also mean 'to pass (something) down' or 'to give orders', but these meanings are less common and context-dependent. For example: The king gave orders to his subjects「王は臣下に命令を下した」(おうはしんかにめいれいをくだした).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3641

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Each person

Reading

Kanji

一One 人Person

Explanation

The Japanese noun '一人一人 (ひとりひとり)' means 'each person' or 'every individual'. It emphasizes the individuality of each person within a group. This word is often used to highlight the importance of considering or addressing each person separately, rather than treating a group as a homogeneous entity. For example: Each person has their own opinion「一人一人が自分の意見を持っている」(ひとりひとりがじぶんのいけんをもっている). The teacher spoke to each student individually「先生は一人一人の生徒に話しかけた」(せんせいはひとりひとりのせいとにはなしかけた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3669

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Eight thousand

Reading

Kanji

八Eight 千Thousand

Explanation

The Japanese noun '八千 (はっせん)' literally means 'eight thousand'. It is a numerical term used to denote the quantity 8,000. This word is often used in contexts involving counting, measurements, or large quantities. For example: there are eight thousand people in the stadium「スタジアムには八千人がいる」(スタジアムにははっせんにんがいる). The price of the car is eight thousand dollars「その車の値段は八千ドルです」(そのくるまのねだんははっせんドルです). Note that '八千' is a specific number and is not used metaphorically or abstractly.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3689

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Boy

Reading

Kanji

男Man 子Child

Explanation

The Japanese noun '男子 (だんし)' refers to a male child or young man, typically used in contexts such as schools, sports, or formal settings. It emphasizes the male gender and is often used in contrast to '女子 (じょし)', which means 'girl'. For example: The boys are playing soccer「男子がサッカーをしている」(だんしがサッカーをしている). This school is for boys only「この学校は男子だけです」(このがっこうはだんしだけです). The term can also appear in compound words like '男子校 (だんしこう)', meaning 'boys' school'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3709

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

At first glance

Reading

Kanji

一One 見See

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '一見 (いっけん)' means 'at first glance' or 'at first sight.' It is used to describe the initial impression or appearance of something or someone, often implying that the first impression might not be truly representative of the actual nature or quality. For example: At first glance, it seems easy 「一見、簡単そうだ」 (いっけん、かんたんそうだ). At first glance, he appears to be kind 「一見、彼は優しそうだ」 (いっけん、かれはやさしそうだ). This adverb is often used to suggest that there is more to a situation or person than what is initially apparent.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3728

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Anyway

Reading

Kanji

何What

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '何しろ (なにしろ)' is used to emphasize a reason or situation, often translated as 'anyway', 'after all', or 'in any case'. It is commonly used to introduce a justification or explanation for something. For example: Anyway, it's too late now「何しろ、もう遅い」(なにしろ、もうおそい). After all, he's the boss「何しろ、彼は上司だ」(なにしろ、かれはじょうしだ). This word is often used in conversational contexts to stress a point or to acknowledge a situation before moving forward.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3766

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rest, Break

Reading

Kanji

休Rest

Explanation

The Japanese noun '休み (やすみ)' primarily means 'rest' or 'break'. It refers to a period of time when one stops working, studying, or engaging in regular activities to relax or recover. This word is commonly used in contexts such as taking a day off from work or school, or during holidays. For example: I will take a rest tomorrow「明日は休みを取ります」(あしたはやすみをとります). The school is on break next week「来週は学校が休みです」(らいしゅうはがっこうがやすみです). It can also refer to a pause or interruption in an activity, such as a coffee break「コーヒー休み」(コーヒーやすみ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3770

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting