Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Composition

word

Meaning

Completely

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'すっかり' means 'completely' or 'entirely'. It is used to emphasize that something has been done thoroughly or that a state has fully changed. It often carries a nuance of finality or a sense of surprise at how completely something has occurred. For example: I completely forgot「すっかり忘れていた」(すっかりわすれていた). The town has completely changed「町はすっかり変わった」(まちはすっかりかわった). It can also be used to describe a state of being fully settled or accustomed, as in: I’ve completely gotten used to the new job「新しい仕事にすっかり慣れた」(あたらしいしごとにすっかりなれた).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

1872

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rapidly

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'どんどん' conveys the idea of something happening rapidly, steadily, or progressively. It is often used to describe actions or changes that occur in quick succession or without interruption. For example: The number of visitors increased rapidly「訪問者の数がどんどん増えた」(ほうもんしゃのかずがどんどんふえた). The construction work is progressing steadily「工事がどんどん進んでいる」(こうじがどんどんすすんでいる). This adverb can also imply a sense of momentum or continuous development, as in 'どんどん良くなる (どんどんよくなる) (getting better and better)'. It is a versatile word that can be applied to various contexts, from physical changes to abstract improvements.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

1879

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

There

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'あちら (あちら)' means 'there' or 'that way'. It is used to refer to a place or direction that is distant from both the speaker and the listener. It is more formal and polite than 'あそこ (あそこ)' or 'そこ (そこ)', and is often used in polite or formal contexts. For example: The restroom is over there「お手洗いはあちらです」(おてあらいはあちらです). Please go that way「あちらへ行ってください」(あちらへいってください). It can also be used to refer to a person in a polite manner, such as 'that person over there'「あちらの方」(あちらのかた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

1891

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Peek

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'のぞく (nozoku)' primarily means 'to peek' or 'to look into something briefly or secretly'. It is often used when someone is trying to see something without being noticed or when observing something partially. For example: I peeked into the room「部屋をのぞいた」(へやをのぞいた). He peeked at the answer「彼は答えをのぞいた」(かれはこたえをのぞいた). Additionally, 'のぞく' can also imply a sense of curiosity or a quick glance, as in peeking through a window or checking something briefly. This verb is commonly used in everyday conversations and can be applied to various contexts where a quick or secretive look is involved.

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

1892

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Nervously

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'どきどき' represents the sound or feeling of a heart beating rapidly, often due to nervousness, excitement, or anticipation. It is an onomatopoeic word that vividly conveys the sensation of one's heart pounding. This word is commonly used in situations where someone is anxious, thrilled, or emotionally stirred. For example: I was nervous during the interview「面接中、どきどきした」(めんせつちゅう、どきどきした). My heart was pounding when I saw him「彼を見たとき、どきどきした」(かれをみたとき、どきどきした). It can also describe the excitement of a thrilling moment, such as watching a suspenseful movie or waiting for important news.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

1899

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

So so

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'まあまあ (まあまあ)' means 'so-so' or 'fairly'. It is used to describe something that is neither particularly good nor particularly bad, but rather average or moderate. This word is often used in casual conversations to express a neutral or lukewarm opinion. For example: The food was so-so「食べ物はまあまあだった」(たべものはまあまあだった). The movie was fairly interesting「映画はまあまあ面白かった」(えいがはまあまあおもしろかった). It can also be used to reassure someone, as in 'まあまあ、落ち着いて (まあまあ、おちついて)' meaning 'Now, now, calm down'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

1906

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Still

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'じっと' means 'still' or 'motionless'. It is used to describe a state of being completely still, often with focus or patience. It can also imply quietly observing or enduring something without moving or reacting. For example: he stood still「彼はじっと立っていた」(かれはじっとたっていた). She watched quietly「彼女はじっと見つめた」(かのじょはじっとみつめた). The word can also convey a sense of enduring or holding back, as in enduring pain without moving「彼は痛みをじっと我慢した」(かれはいたみをじっとがまんした).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

1920

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Yawn

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'あくび (akubi)' means 'yawn'. It refers to the involuntary action of opening one's mouth wide and inhaling deeply due to tiredness or boredom. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation to describe the act of yawning or to express feeling sleepy. For example: I couldn't stop yawning during the meeting「会議中にあくびが止まらなかった」(かいぎちゅうにあくびがとまらなかった). She yawned because she was tired「彼女は疲れていたのであくびをした」(かのじょはつかれていたのであくびをした). Note that 'あくび' can also be used metaphorically to describe something boring or uninteresting, as in 'あくびが出るほどつまらない (akubi ga deru hodo tsumaranai)' meaning 'so boring it makes you yawn'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

1922

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dry, Parched

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'からから (karakara)' primarily describes something that is extremely dry or parched. It is often used to describe objects, environments, or even a person's throat when they are very thirsty. For example: the desert is dry「砂漠はからからだ」(さばくはからからだ). My throat is parched「喉がからからだ」(のどがからからだ). This word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that lacks moisture or vitality, such as dry humor or a dry conversation. Note that 'からから' is often used in informal contexts and carries a vivid, descriptive tone.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

1928

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Distant

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun 'はるか (haruka)' primarily means 'distant'. It is used to describe something that is far away in terms of physical distance, time, or even metaphorically in terms of degree or extent. This word can be used to describe a faraway place, a long time ago, or a significant difference in level or quality. For example: The mountains are far in the distance「山ははるか遠くにある」(やまははるかとおくにある). That happened a long time ago「それははるか昔のことだ」(それははるかむかしのことだ). There is a big difference between them「彼らのはるかな違いがある」(かれらのはるかなちがいがある). Note that 'はるか' can also be used as an adverb, modifying verbs or adjectives to indicate a large degree or extent, as in 'はるかに大きい (haruka ni ookii)' meaning 'much larger'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Frequency

1932

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Aimlessly, Dizzy

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'ふらふら (ふらふら)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'dizzy', which describes a physical state of unsteadiness or lightheadedness. For example: I feel dizzy「ふらふらする」(ふらふらする). The second meaning is 'aimlessly', which describes moving or acting without a clear purpose or direction. For example: He walked around aimlessly「彼はふらふら歩き回った」(かれはふらふらあるきまわった). The word can also imply a lack of focus or indecisiveness, such as in: She was wandering aimlessly through the store「彼女は店の中をふらふら歩いていた」(かのじょはみせのなかをふらふらあるいていた). The nuance of 'ふらふら' often conveys a sense of instability or lack of control, whether physical or mental.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

1934

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Spill

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'こぼす' means 'to spill'. It is used when referring to accidentally letting a liquid or granular substance fall out of a container. This verb can also be used metaphorically to express the idea of revealing or letting out emotions or secrets. For example: I spilled the milk「牛乳をこぼした」(ぎゅうにゅうをこぼした). He spilled his feelings「彼は感情をこぼした」(かれはかんじょうをこぼした). It's important to note that 'こぼす' is a transitive verb, meaning it requires a direct object to indicate what is being spilled.

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

1941

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Empty, Rattling

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'がらがら (がらがら)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'rattling', which describes a sound made by loose objects shaking or clattering together. For example: the train made a rattling sound「電車ががらがらと音を立てた」(でんしゃががらがらとおとをたてた). The second meaning is 'empty', often used to describe a place or space that is devoid of people or things. For example: the station was empty「駅ががらがらだった」(えきががらがらだった). These two meanings are unrelated and depend on the context in which the word is used.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

1985

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Glaring

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'ぎらぎら (giragira)' describes something shining or glaring intensely, often in a harsh or unpleasant way. It is commonly used to describe bright light, such as sunlight or artificial light, that is overwhelming or uncomfortable. For example: The sun is glaring「太陽がぎらぎらと輝いている」(たいようがぎらぎらとかがやいている). The neon lights are glaring「ネオンがぎらぎら光っている」(ネオンがぎらぎらひかっている). This word can also be used metaphorically to describe someone's intense or piercing gaze, as in 'His eyes were glaring「彼の目がぎらぎらしていた」(かれのめがぎらぎらしていた).'

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

1990

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

You, There

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'そっち (sotchi)' is a colloquial term that can mean 'there' or 'you' depending on the context. When used to mean 'there', it refers to a place that is closer to the listener than to the speaker. For example: I'll go there「そっちに行くよ」(そっちにいくよ). When used to mean 'you', it is a casual way of referring to the person the speaker is talking to. For example: What about you?「そっちはどう？」(そっちはどう？). It's important to note that 'そっち' is informal and should be used with friends or people of equal or lower status.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

1995

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hungry, Deferential

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'ぺこぺこ (ぺこぺこ)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'hungry', used to describe a state of extreme hunger. For example: I'm so hungry「お腹がぺこぺこです」(おなかがぺこぺこです). The second meaning is 'deferential', describing someone who is overly polite or submissive, often bowing repeatedly. For example: He was overly deferential to his boss「彼は上司にぺこぺこしていた」(かれはじょうしにぺこぺこしていた). These two meanings are unrelated and depend on the context in which the word is used.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

2003

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mutter

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'つぶやく' means 'to mutter' or 'to murmur'. It is used when someone speaks softly or quietly, often to themselves or under their breath. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as expressing thoughts, complaints, or even poetic musings. For example: He muttered something under his breath「彼は何かつぶやいた」(かれはなにかつぶやいた). She murmured a prayer「彼女は祈りをつぶやいた」(かのじょはいのりをつぶやいた). The verb often conveys a sense of introspection or secrecy, as the speaker is not addressing anyone directly.

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

2004

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Surprise

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'びっくり (びっくり)' means 'surprise'. It is used to express a state of being startled or amazed by something unexpected. This word is often used in casual conversations and can function as both a noun and a verb (びっくりする). For example: I was surprised by the loud noise「大きな音にびっくりした」(おおきなおとにびっくりした). That was a big surprise「それは大きなびっくりだった」(それはおおきなびっくりだった). The word can also be used to describe someone's reaction, as in 'びっくり顔 (びっくりがお) (surprised face)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

2005

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fluent

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun 'ぺらぺら (ぺらぺら)' is used to describe someone who speaks a language fluently or effortlessly. It often carries a slightly informal or casual tone. For example: He speaks English fluently「彼は英語がぺらぺらだ」(かれはえいごがぺらぺらだ). She is fluent in Japanese「彼女は日本語がぺらぺらです」(かのじょはにほんごがぺらぺらです). Additionally, 'ぺらぺら' can also describe something thin or flimsy, such as paper or fabric, but this meaning is less common and context-dependent. For example: This paper is thin「この紙はぺらぺらだ」(このかみはぺらぺらだ).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Frequency

2008

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Slightly

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'やや' means 'slightly' or 'somewhat'. It is used to indicate a small degree or extent of something. This word is often used in formal or written contexts to describe a minor change, difference, or degree. For example: The temperature is slightly higher today「今日はやや気温が高い」(きょうはややきおんがたかい). The results were somewhat disappointing「結果はやや残念だった」(けっかはややざんねんだった). Note that 'やや' is less casual than other similar adverbs like 'ちょっと' and is more commonly used in descriptive or analytical contexts.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

2037

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Burn

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'やけど' refers to a burn injury, typically caused by heat, fire, or chemicals. It is commonly used in medical contexts or everyday situations to describe the injury itself. For example: I got a burn from the hot water「お湯でやけどをした」(おゆでやけどをした). Be careful not to get a burn「やけどしないように気をつけて」(やけどしないようにきをつけて). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe emotional or psychological 'burns,' though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

2059

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

There

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'あっち' is a colloquial and informal way to refer to a place or direction that is away from both the speaker and the listener. It is often used in casual conversations and is equivalent to 'over there' in English. The word 'あっち' is part of a set of directional words in Japanese that include 'こっち (kocchi)' for 'here' (near the speaker), 'そっち (socchi)' for 'there' (near the listener), and 'あっち (atchi)' for 'over there' (away from both). Example sentences: The store is over there「あっちにお店がある」(あっちにおみせがある). Let's go over there「あっちに行こう」(あっちにいこう).

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

2070

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

That

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'あんなに (あんなに)' is used to emphasize the degree or extent of something, often in a way that expresses surprise, admiration, or criticism. It is typically used to describe something that is far beyond what is expected or normal. For example: I didn't know it was that expensive「あんなに高いとは知らなかった」(あんなにたかいとはしらなかった). She was that kind「あんなに親切だった」(あんなにしんせつだった). It is often used in conjunction with adjectives or verbs to convey a strong impression or feeling about the degree of something.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

2078

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unintentionally

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'つい' is used to describe an action that is done unintentionally, accidentally, or without thinking. It often implies that the action was a slip of the mind or a momentary lapse in judgment. For example: I unintentionally ate too much「つい食べ過ぎてしまった」(ついたべすぎてしまった). He accidentally told the secret「つい秘密を話してしまった」(ついひみつをはなしてしまった). The word can also carry a nuance of regret or surprise, depending on the context. It is commonly used in casual conversations and is often paired with verbs in the past tense.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

2080

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Aunt, Middle aged woman

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'おばさん (おばさん)' has two primary meanings. First, it refers to 'aunt', specifically one's mother's sister or father's sister. For example: my aunt is kind「私のおばさんは優しい」(わたしのおばさんはやさしい). Second, it is a colloquial term used to refer to a middle-aged woman, often in a neutral or slightly informal way. For example: that middle-aged woman is my neighbor「あのおばさんは私の隣人です」(あのおばさんはわたしのりんじんです). The term can sometimes carry a slightly negative or dismissive connotation depending on the context, so it should be used carefully. It is important to note that 'おばさん' is distinct from 'おばあさん', which means 'grandmother' or 'elderly woman'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

2101

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Comb

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'くし' refers to a 'comb', a tool used for arranging or cleaning hair. It is a common household item and can be made from various materials such as wood, plastic, or metal. Example sentences: I bought a new comb「新しいくしを買いました」(あたらしいくしをかいました). She lost her comb「彼女はくしをなくしました」(かのじょはくしをなくしました). The word 'くし' can also be used metaphorically to describe something that resembles the teeth of a comb, such as a comb-like structure in nature or machinery.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

2106

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Feast

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ごちそう' (ごちそう) refers to a 'feast' or a 'lavish meal'. It is often used to express gratitude for a meal, especially one that is particularly delicious or abundant. The term can also be used more broadly to describe any treat or indulgence, not just food. For example: Thank you for the feast「ごちそうさまでした」(ごちそうさまでした). This is a feast for the eyes「これは目のごちそうだ」(これはめのごちそうだ). The word 'ごちそう' is commonly heard in the phrase 'ごちそうさまでした', which is said after finishing a meal to express thanks to the host or cook.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

2118

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Treat

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'ごちそうする (ごちそうする)' means 'to treat' or 'to entertain someone with food or a meal'. It is often used when someone offers to pay for or prepare a meal for another person as a gesture of kindness or hospitality. For example: I will treat you to dinner「私がごちそうします」(わたしがごちそうします). He treated me to a delicious meal「彼は私においしい食事をごちそうしてくれた」(かれはわたしにおいしいしょくじをごちそうしてくれた). This verb is derived from the noun 'ごちそう (ごちそう)', which means 'feast' or 'treat', and is commonly used in social or celebratory contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

2127

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Spill

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'こぼれる' means 'to spill' or 'to overflow'. It is used to describe liquids or small particles (like grains or sand) falling out of a container unintentionally. This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe emotions or light spilling out, such as tears or sunlight. For example: The milk spilled「牛乳がこぼれた」(ぎゅうにゅうがこぼれた). Her tears spilled over「彼女の涙がこぼれた」(かのじょのなみだがこぼれた). The sunlight spilled into the room「日光が部屋にこぼれた」(にっこうがへやにこぼれた). Note that 'こぼれる' is an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object.

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

2135

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

This

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'こんなに (こんなに)' is used to indicate the degree or extent of something, often with a sense of surprise or emphasis. It translates to 'this' in English, but specifically in contexts where the degree or extent is being highlighted. For example: I didn't know it was this big「こんなに大きいとは知らなかった」(こんなにおおきいとはしらなかった). It can also be used to express emotions or states, such as: I didn't think it would be this difficult「こんなに難しいとは思わなかった」(こんなにむずかしいとはおもわなかった). The adverb is often used in conversational Japanese to emphasize the speaker's feelings or reactions to a situation.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

2141

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pouring

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'ざあざあ' is an onomatopoeic word used to describe the sound or manner of something pouring heavily, such as rain or water. It conveys a sense of continuous, heavy flow. For example: The rain is pouring down「雨がざあざあ降っている」(あめがざあざあふっている). Water is pouring out of the faucet「蛇口から水がざあざあ出ている」(じゃぐちからみずがざあざあでている). This word is often used in casual contexts to vividly describe the intensity of the pouring action.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

2147

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Anyway

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'ともかく (ともかく)' is used to indicate that something should be done or considered regardless of other factors. It often implies setting aside other considerations or details to focus on the main point. For example: Anyway, let's eat first「ともかく、まず食べよう」(ともかく、まずたべよう). Regardless of the details, we should proceed「詳細はともかく、進めるべきだ」(しょうさいはともかく、すすめるべきだ). This adverb is commonly used in conversational Japanese to shift focus or to suggest moving forward without getting bogged down by minor issues.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

2160

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tempura

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'てんぷら (tenpura)' refers to a popular Japanese dish consisting of seafood or vegetables that have been battered and deep-fried. The dish is known for its light and crispy texture, which is achieved by using a special batter and frying technique. Tempura is often served with a dipping sauce called 'tentsuyu' and is commonly accompanied by grated daikon radish. Example sentences: I love tempura「てんぷらが大好きです」(てんぷらがだいすきです). This restaurant serves delicious tempura「このレストランは美味しいてんぷらを出します」(このレストランはおいしいてんぷらをだします).

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

2181

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Evenly

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'とんとん (tonton)' is used to describe something progressing or being done in a balanced, even, or smooth manner. It often implies a sense of fairness or equality, such as when dividing something equally or when things are going smoothly without issues. For example: The work is progressing evenly「仕事がとんとん進んでいる」(しごとがとんとんすすんでいる). They divided the money evenly「彼らはお金をとんとんに分けた」(かれらはおかねをとんとんにわけた). This adverb can also be used to describe the sound of light tapping or knocking, such as 'とんとんとドアを叩く (とんとんとドアをたたく)' (knocking on the door lightly).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

2188

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rumor

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'うわさ (uwasa)' means 'rumor'. It refers to unverified information or stories that are spread among people, often about someone or something. This word is commonly used in both casual and formal contexts. For example: There is a rumor about him「彼についてのうわさがある」(かれについてのうわさがある). I heard a strange rumor「変なうわさを聞いた」(へんなうわさをきいた). It is important to note that 'うわさ' often carries a neutral or slightly negative connotation, depending on the context, as rumors are not always based on facts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

2196

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lukewarm

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'ぬるい' describes something that is lukewarm or tepid, neither hot nor cold. It is often used to describe the temperature of liquids, such as water or tea, but can also be used metaphorically to describe situations, attitudes, or efforts that are half-hearted or lacking in intensity. For example: The bathwater is lukewarm「お風呂がぬるい」(おふろがぬるい). His response was lukewarm「彼の反応はぬるかった」(かれのはんのうはぬるかった). The word can also imply a lack of strictness or rigor, as in 'The teacher's grading is too lenient'「先生の採点がぬるい」(せんせいのさいてんがぬるい).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

2202

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Often

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'しばしば' means 'often'. It is used to indicate that something happens frequently or repeatedly. This word is more formal and literary compared to the more casual 'よく'. It is commonly used in written language, formal speech, or when describing habitual actions. For example: He often visits this park「彼はしばしばこの公園を訪れる」(かれはしばしばこのこうえんをおとずれる). I often think about the past「私はしばしば過去を思い出す」(わたしはしばしばかこをおもいだす). Note that 'しばしば' is not typically used in casual conversation, where 'よく' is preferred.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

2207

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Write, Draw

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'かく' has two primary meanings: 'write' and 'draw'. When used to mean 'write', it refers to the act of writing characters, words, or sentences, such as in 'I write a letter'「手紙をかく」(てがみをかく). When used to mean 'draw', it refers to creating a picture or illustration, such as in 'I draw a picture'「絵をかく」(えをかく). The context usually makes it clear which meaning is intended. For example: She writes a novel「彼女は小説をかく」(かのじょはしょうせつをかく). He draws a landscape「彼は風景をかく」(かれはふうけいをかく). Note that the verb can also be used in compound verbs, such as '書き直す (かきなおす)' meaning 'rewrite'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

2224

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Welcome

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'ようこそ (ようこそ)' is used to express a warm welcome or greeting to someone. It is often used when welcoming guests, visitors, or newcomers to a place, event, or group. This word carries a sense of hospitality and friendliness. For example: Welcome to Japan!「ようこそ日本へ！」(ようこそにほんへ！). Welcome to our home「ようこそ私たちの家へ」(ようこそわたしたちのいえへ). Note that 'ようこそ' is typically used at the beginning of a sentence or phrase to greet someone, and it is often followed by a destination or context to which the person is being welcomed.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

2241

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

That, So

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'そんなに (sonnani)' is used to indicate degree or extent, often translating to 'that' or 'so' in English. It is commonly used in negative sentences or questions to express surprise, doubt, or emphasis. For example: Is it really that expensive?「そんなに高いの？」(そんなにたかいの？). I didn't know it was so difficult「そんなに難しいとは知らなかった」(そんなにむずかしいとはしらなかった). The nuance of 'そんなに' often conveys a sense of unexpectedness or exaggeration, making it a versatile word in conversational Japanese.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

2253

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Suddenly

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'ふと' (futo) is used to describe something that happens suddenly, unexpectedly, or without prior thought. It often conveys a sense of spontaneity or a fleeting moment. This word is commonly used in contexts where a thought, memory, or action occurs abruptly. For example: I suddenly remembered「ふと思い出した」(ふとおもいだした). He suddenly turned around「ふと振り返った」(ふとふりかえった). The nuance of 'ふと' often implies that the action or thought was not premeditated but rather occurred in a moment of chance or instinct.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

2255

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fight

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'けんか' refers to a 'fight' or 'quarrel', typically involving verbal or physical conflict between people. It is commonly used to describe arguments, disputes, or physical altercations. For example: They had a fight「彼らはけんかをした」(かれらはけんかをした). Siblings often fight「兄弟はよくけんかする」(きょうだいはよくけんかする). The word can also imply a heated disagreement, not necessarily physical. It is important to note that 'けんか' is a casual term and is often used in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

2378

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Please, Go ahead

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'どうぞ (どうぞ)' is a versatile word used in various contexts. Its primary meaning is 'please,' often used when offering something to someone, such as a seat or an item. For example: Please take a seat「どうぞお座りください」(どうぞおすわりください). It can also mean 'go ahead,' encouraging someone to proceed with an action. For example: Go ahead and eat「どうぞ召し上がってください」(どうぞめしあがってください). The word carries a polite and respectful tone, making it suitable for formal and informal situations. It is often used in combination with other polite expressions to enhance courtesy.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

2444

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Connect

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'つなぐ (tsunagu)' means 'to connect' or 'to link'. It is used to describe the action of joining two or more things together, either physically or metaphorically. For example: I connected the wires「私はワイヤーをつないだ」(わたしはワイヤーをつないだ). The bridge connects the two cities「その橋は二つの都市をつないでいる」(そのはしはふたつのとしをつないでいる). This verb can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as connecting ideas or relationships. For instance: The teacher connected the students' ideas「先生は生徒たちの考えをつないだ」(せんせいはせいとたちのかんがえをつないだ).

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

2445

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Finally

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'いよいよ (いよいよ)' is used to indicate that something is about to happen or has reached a critical point. It often conveys a sense of anticipation, inevitability, or culmination. For example: The festival is finally starting「いよいよ祭りが始まる」(いよいよまつりがはじまる). It can also imply that something is becoming more intense or serious, as in: The situation is getting worse「いよいよ状況が悪化している」(いよいよじょうきょうがあっかしている). This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to emphasize the progression or climax of an event or situation.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

2517

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bad

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'いけない (ikenai)' primarily means 'bad' or 'not good'. It is often used to indicate that something is wrong, undesirable, or should not be done. This word is commonly used in contexts where someone is being warned or advised against doing something. For example: it's bad to lie「嘘をつくのはいけない」(うそをつくのはいけない). You must not go there「そこへ行ってはいけない」(そこへいってはいけない). Additionally, 'いけない' can also be used to express concern or worry, as in 'it's bad if you don't eat properly「ちゃんと食べないといけない」(ちゃんとたべないといけない)'. The word is versatile and can be used in various situations to convey disapproval or caution.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

2588

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unbelievable

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'まさか' expresses disbelief, shock, or surprise, often used when something unexpected or contrary to one's expectations occurs. It can also imply that the speaker finds the situation hard to believe or considers it impossible. Example sentences: No way, did that really happen?「まさか、本当に起こったの？」(まさか、ほんとうにおこったの？). I can't believe he would do such a thing「まさか彼がそんなことをするとは」(まさかかれがそんなことをするとは). Note that 'まさか' is often used in rhetorical questions or exclamations to emphasize the speaker's astonishment.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

2691

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Indeed

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'いかにも (ikanimo)' is used to emphasize that something is exactly as it appears or is described. It often conveys a sense of agreement or confirmation, and can be translated as 'indeed', 'truly', or 'just as one would expect'. It is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: That is indeed a problem「いかにも問題だ」(いかにももんだいだ). He looks just like a teacher「いかにも先生らしい」(いかにもせんせいらしい). Note that 'いかにも' can also carry a nuance of sarcasm or irony in some contexts, depending on tone and situation.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

2728

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Forever

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'いつまでも (itsumademo)' means 'forever' or 'indefinitely'. It is used to express something that continues without end or for an unlimited amount of time. This word often carries a sense of persistence or enduring continuity. For example: I will love you forever「いつまでもあなたを愛します」(いつまでもあなたをあいします). This memory will last forever「この思い出はいつまでも続く」(このおもいではいつまでもつづく). It can also be used in contexts where something remains unchanged over time, such as: This tradition will continue forever「この伝統はいつまでも続く」(このでんとうはいつまでもつづく).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

2751

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Visit, Ask

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'うかがう (ukagau)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to ask' or 'to inquire', often used in formal or polite contexts. For example: I asked about the schedule「スケジュールをうかがいました」(すけじゅーるをうかがいました). The second meaning is 'to visit', typically used when referring to visiting someone's home or a place in a respectful manner. For example: I visited my teacher's house「先生の家をうかがいました」(せんせいのいえをうかがいました). The verb carries a nuance of politeness and humility, making it suitable for formal situations.

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

2754

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Trash

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ごみ' refers to 'trash' or 'garbage'. It is commonly used to describe waste materials that are no longer needed or useful. This word is often used in everyday conversations related to household waste, recycling, or cleanliness. For example: Please throw away the trash「ごみを捨ててください」(ごみをすててください). There is a lot of trash on the street「道にごみがたくさんある」(みちにごみがたくさんある). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something worthless or unnecessary, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

2839

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Overflow

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'あふれる (afureru)' means 'to overflow'. It is used to describe a situation where something exceeds its capacity and spills out. This can be applied to both physical substances, like liquids, and abstract concepts, such as emotions. For example: The water overflowed from the cup「コップから水があふれた」(コップからみずがあふれた). Her heart was overflowing with joy「彼女の心は喜びであふれていた」(かのじょのこころはよろこびであふれていた). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe an abundance of something, such as 'the streets were overflowing with people'「通りは人であふれていた」(とおりはひとであふれていた).

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

2844

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Here and there

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese pronoun 'あちらこちら (achirakochira)' means 'here and there' or 'all over the place'. It is used to indicate movement or presence in various directions or locations, often implying a sense of scatteredness or lack of focus. For example: I looked here and there for my keys「あちらこちらで鍵を探した」(あちらこちらでかぎをさがした). People were running here and there「人々があちらこちら走っていた」(ひとびとがあちらこちらはしっていた). This word is often used in casual conversation to describe a situation where things or people are spread out or moving in multiple directions.

Part Of Speech

pronoun

Frequency

2850

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Or, From

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese conjunction 'ないし (ないし)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'or', used to indicate a choice between two options, often in formal or written contexts. The second meaning is 'from', used to indicate a range or span between two points. For example: You can choose tea or coffee「お茶ないしコーヒーを選べます」(おちゃないしコーヒーをえらべます). The event will last from 10 to 12「イベントは10時ないし12時までです」(イベントは10じないし12じまでです). Note that 'ないし' is more formal and less commonly used in casual conversation compared to alternatives like 'または' (or) or 'から' (from).

Part Of Speech

conjunction

Frequency

2874

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Miso

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'みそ' refers to 'miso', a traditional Japanese seasoning produced by fermenting soybeans with salt and koji (a type of fungus). Miso is a staple in Japanese cuisine and is commonly used to make miso soup, marinades, and sauces. It has a rich, savory flavor and comes in various types, such as white (shiro) miso, red (aka) miso, and mixed (awase) miso. Example sentences: I love miso soup「みそしるがだいすきです」(みそしるがだいすきです). This dish uses red miso「このりょうりにはあかみそをつかっています」(このりょうりにはあかみそをつかっています).

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3043

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Secretly

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'こっそり (kossori)' means 'secretly' or 'stealthily'. It is used to describe actions done in a quiet, hidden, or unobtrusive manner, often to avoid being noticed. This word carries a nuance of doing something without drawing attention, and it is commonly used in everyday conversations. For example: He secretly ate the cake「彼はこっそりケーキを食べた」(かれはこっそりケーキをたべた). She quietly left the room「彼女はこっそり部屋を出た」(かのじょはこっそりへやをでた). The word is often used in contexts where someone is trying to avoid being seen or heard, such as sneaking around or hiding something.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

3105

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

That

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese pronoun 'それは (soreha)' means 'that' and is used to refer to something that is not close to the speaker or the listener. It is often used to point out or discuss objects, ideas, or situations that are somewhat distant or abstract. For example: That is a book「それは本です」(それはほんです). That is interesting「それは面白い」(それはおもしろい). The word 'それ' by itself means 'that,' and when combined with the particle 'は (wa),' it emphasizes the topic of the sentence. This structure is commonly used in conversations to introduce or highlight a subject.

Part Of Speech

pronoun

Frequency

3118

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Trace

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'たどる (tadoru)' means 'to trace' or 'to follow'. It is used to describe the act of following a path, sequence, or progression, either physically or metaphorically. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as tracing a route on a map, following a logical sequence, or retracing one's steps. For example: He traced the river to its source「彼は川をたどって源流まで行った」(かれはかわをたどってげんりゅうまでいった). She traced the history of the ancient city「彼女はその古代都市の歴史をたどった」(かのじょはそのこだいとしのれきしをたどった). The verb can also imply a sense of difficulty or effort in following something, such as a complex idea or a faint trail.

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

3119

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Instantly

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'たちまち (tachimachi)' means 'instantly' or 'in no time'. It is used to describe something that happens very quickly or suddenly, often implying a sense of immediacy or rapid change. This word is commonly used in both written and spoken Japanese to emphasize the speed of an event or action. For example: The tickets sold out instantly「チケットはたちまち売り切れた」(チケットはたちまちうりきれた). The sky cleared up instantly「空はたちまち晴れた」(そらはたちまちはれた). It can also be used to describe a sudden change in a situation, such as: The mood changed instantly「雰囲気はたちまち変わった」(ふんいきはたちまちかわった). Note that 'たちまち' often carries a nuance of something happening unexpectedly or beyond one's control.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

3158

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Diligently

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'せっせと (sesseto)' means 'diligently' or 'industriously'. It is used to describe someone working hard, persistently, and with great effort, often without taking breaks. This word carries a nuance of continuous and earnest effort, and it is commonly used in contexts involving work, chores, or tasks. For example: She diligently cleaned the house「彼女はせっせと家を掃除した」(かのじょはせっせといえをそうじした). He diligently saved money for his trip「彼はせっせと旅行のためにお金を貯めた」(かれはせっせとりょこうのためにおかねをためた). The word often implies a sense of purpose and focus in the activity being described.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

3176

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Gently

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'そっと (sotto)' means 'gently' or 'quietly'. It is used to describe actions performed in a soft, careful, or unobtrusive manner. This word often conveys a sense of delicacy or consideration, such as when handling fragile objects or interacting with someone who is upset. For example: She gently closed the door「彼女はそっとドアを閉めた」(かのじょはそっとドアをしめた). He quietly placed the flowers on the table「彼はそっと花をテーブルに置いた」(かれはそっとはなをテーブルにおいた). The adverb can also imply secrecy or discretion, as in 'She whispered gently in his ear'「彼女はそっと彼の耳に囁いた」(かのじょはそっとかれのみみにささやいた).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

3179

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Gather, Align

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'そろう (sorou)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to align' or 'to be in order,' often used when things are arranged neatly or in a specific sequence. For example: The books are aligned on the shelf「本が棚にそろっている」(ほんがたなにそろっている). The second meaning is 'to gather' or 'to assemble,' referring to people or things coming together in one place. For example: Everyone gathered at the park「みんなが公園にそろった」(みんながこうえんにそろった). The verb can be used in both transitive and intransitive forms, depending on the context. It is commonly used in everyday situations to describe organization or the act of coming together.

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

3212

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cover, Deceive

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'ごまかす (ごまかす)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to deceive' or 'to trick', often implying a dishonest act. The second is 'to cover up' or 'to gloss over', which can refer to hiding mistakes or flaws. This verb is commonly used in situations where someone is trying to mislead others or avoid responsibility. For example: He tried to deceive his boss「彼は上司をごまかそうとした」(かれはじょうしをごまかそうとした). She covered up her mistake「彼女はミスをごまかした」(かのじょはミスをごまかした). The verb can also be used in a more casual sense, such as when someone is trying to get away with something without being noticed.

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

3218

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bite, Chew

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'かむ (kamu)' can mean either 'to bite' or 'to chew', depending on the context. When used to mean 'to bite', it refers to the action of using teeth to cut or grip something. For example: the dog bit the bone「犬が骨をかんだ」(いぬがほねをかんだ). When used to mean 'to chew', it refers to the action of grinding food with the teeth. For example: chew your food well「よくかんで食べなさい」(よくかんでたべなさい). The verb is commonly used in everyday situations, such as eating or describing animal behavior.

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

3222

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Soon

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'そろそろ' (sorosoro) is used to indicate that something is about to happen or that it is time to do something. It conveys a sense of gradual progression or the approaching of a particular moment. For example: It's about time to leave「そろそろ出かけよう」(そろそろでかけよう). Dinner is almost ready「そろそろ夕食ができる」(そろそろゆうしょくができる). The word can also imply a gentle reminder or a nudge to start preparing for an action, as in 'そろそろ始めましょう (そろそろはじめましょう) (Let's start soon).'

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

3261

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Not much

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'あんまり (anmari)' is a colloquial form of 'あまり' and is used to express 'not much' or 'not very.' It is often used in negative sentences to indicate that something does not happen to a great extent or degree. For example: I don't like sweets much 「あんまり甘いものが好きじゃない」 (あんまりあまいものがすきじゃない). It's not very cold today 「今日はあんまり寒くない」 (きょうはあんまりさむくない). Note that 'あんまり' is less formal than 'あまり' and is commonly used in casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

3263

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Frog

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'かえる (kaeru)' means 'frog'. This word refers to the amphibian animal known for its jumping ability and croaking sound. It is commonly used in everyday conversation and can also appear in children's stories or nature-related contexts. For example: there is a frog in the pond「池にかえるがいる」(いけにかえるがいる). The frog is jumping「かえるが跳んでいる」(かえるがとんでいる). Additionally, 'かえる' can sometimes be used metaphorically or in idiomatic expressions, but its primary meaning remains the animal.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3311

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Soy sauce

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'しょうゆ' (shouyu) refers to 'soy sauce', a common condiment in Japanese cuisine made from fermented soybeans, wheat, salt, and water. It is used to flavor a wide variety of dishes, including sushi, noodles, and grilled meats. Example sentences: Please pass the soy sauce「しょうゆを取ってください」(しょうゆをとってください). This dish needs more soy sauce「この料理はもっとしょうゆが必要です」(このりょうりはもっとしょうゆがひつようです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3325

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shift

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'ずれる (zureru)' means 'to shift' or 'to be off'. It is used to describe something that has moved from its original position or is not aligned correctly. This can refer to physical objects, such as a picture frame that is crooked, or abstract concepts, such as a schedule that has been delayed. For example: the picture frame shifted「額縁がずれた」(がくぶちがずれた). The meeting time shifted「会議の時間がずれた」(かいぎのじかんがずれた). Additionally, 'ずれる' can also imply a deviation from expectations or norms, such as in '彼の考えは現実からずれている (かれのかんがえはげんじつからずれている) (His thinking is out of touch with reality).'

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

3328

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Often

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'しょっちゅう' means 'often' and is used to describe something that happens frequently or repeatedly. It carries a casual tone and is commonly used in everyday conversation. For example: He often comes here「彼はしょっちゅうここに来る」(かれはしょっちゅうここにくる). I often forget things「私はしょっちゅう物忘れをする」(わたしはしょっちゅうものわすれをする). Note that 'しょっちゅう' implies a higher frequency than 'よく (yoku)', which also means 'often' but is more neutral in tone.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

3367

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Accumulate

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'たまる (たまる)' means 'to accumulate' or 'to build up'. It is used to describe the gathering or piling up of things, such as objects, substances, or even abstract concepts like stress or emotions. For example: dust accumulates「ほこりがたまる」(ほこりがたまる). Stress builds up「ストレスがたまる」(ストレスがたまる). This verb can also imply a sense of something being stored or collected over time. It is often used in contexts where the accumulation is noticeable or has an impact, such as in 'お金がたまる (おかねがたまる) (money accumulates)'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

3372

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Disappointed

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'がっかり' expresses a feeling of disappointment or letdown. It is often used to describe a situation where one's expectations are not met, leading to a sense of sadness or discouragement. For example: I was disappointed when I heard the news「その知らせを聞いてがっかりした」(そのしらせをきいてがっかりした). He looked disappointed when he lost the game「彼は試合に負けてがっかりしたようだった」(かれはしあいにまけてがっかりしたようだった). 'がっかり' can also be used to describe a general feeling of being disheartened or dispirited, such as when plans fall through or when something doesn't go as hoped.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

3389

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

This

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese pronoun 'こいつ (こいつ)' is a colloquial and informal way to refer to a person or thing, often translated as 'this' or 'this one'. It is typically used in casual speech and can carry a slightly derogatory or dismissive tone depending on the context. For example: Who is this guy?「こいつは誰だ？」(こいつはだれだ？). This thing is broken「こいつは壊れてる」(こいつはこわれてる). It's important to note that 'こいつ' is not polite and should be avoided in formal situations. It is often used among friends or in situations where the speaker is expressing frustration or annoyance.

Part Of Speech

pronoun

Frequency

3421

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Protein

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'たんぱく' (tanpaku) refers to 'protein', a vital nutrient essential for building and repairing tissues in the body. It is commonly used in contexts related to health, nutrition, and biology. For example: This food is high in protein「この食べ物はたんぱくが豊富です」(このたべものはたんぱくがほうふです). I need to eat more protein「もっとたんぱくを摂る必要がある」(もっとたんぱくをとるひつようがある). The word is often used in scientific or dietary discussions and is a shortened form of 'たんぱくしつ' (tanpakushitsu), which also means 'protein'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3450

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Expose

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'さらす' (sarasu) means 'to expose'. It is used to describe the act of putting something in a situation where it is vulnerable or visible, often to something harsh or damaging. For example: The sun exposed the paint to fading「太陽が塗料をさらして色あせさせた」(たいようがとりょうをさらしていろあせさせた). The scandal exposed the politician to public criticism「そのスキャンダルは政治家を世間の批判にさらした」(そのスキャンダルはせいじかをせけんのひはんにさらした). This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe emotional exposure or vulnerability.

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

3473

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

No

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese interjection 'いえ (いえ)' is a polite way to say 'no' or to negate something. It is often used in formal or polite conversations to gently disagree or correct someone. For example: No, that's not correct「いえ、違います」(いえ、ちがいます). No, I don't need help「いえ、大丈夫です」(いえ、だいじょうぶです). It is less direct than 'いいえ (いいえ)', which is also used to mean 'no', but 'いえ' carries a softer tone. This interjection is commonly used in situations where politeness is important, such as in customer service or when speaking to someone of higher status.

Part Of Speech

interjection

Frequency

3531

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Oh

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'ああ (aa)' is an interjection used to express realization, agreement, or emotional response. It can convey a range of emotions such as surprise, relief, or understanding. For example: Oh, I see!「ああ、わかった！」(ああ、わかった！). Oh, that's how it is「ああ、そういうことか」(ああ、そういうことか). It is often used in casual conversation and can be paired with other expressions to emphasize the speaker's feelings.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

3546

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Plenty

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'たっぷり (たっぷり)' means 'plenty' or 'abundantly'. It is used to describe a large or sufficient quantity of something, often implying that there is more than enough. This word can be used in various contexts, such as time, quantity, or even emotions. For example: I slept plenty「たっぷり寝た」(たっぷりねた). There is plenty of time「たっぷり時間がある」(たっぷりじかんがある). The soup has plenty of vegetables「スープにはたっぷり野菜が入っている」(スープにはたっぷりやさいがはいっている). The word 'たっぷり' often conveys a sense of satisfaction or generosity in the amount provided.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

3559

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hey

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese interjection 'ねえ (ねえ)' is commonly used to get someone's attention or to start a conversation. It is similar to saying 'hey' or 'excuse me' in English. This interjection is informal and is often used among friends or people of the same age group. For example: Hey, look at this!「ねえ、これ見て！」(ねえ、これみて！). Hey, can I ask you something?「ねえ、ちょっと聞いてもいい？」(ねえ、ちょっときいてもいい？). It can also be used to express surprise or to emphasize a point, depending on the tone of voice.

Part Of Speech

interjection

Frequency

3560

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Recently

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'このごろ (このごろ)' means 'recently' or 'these days'. It is used to refer to a period of time close to the present, often to describe changes, trends, or personal experiences. For example: Recently, I've been busy「このごろ、忙しいです」(このごろ、いそがしいです). The weather has been nice recently「このごろ、天気がいいです」(このごろ、てんきがいいです). This word is commonly used in casual conversations and can also imply a sense of continuity or ongoing state.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3584

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Squat

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'しゃがむ' means 'to squat'. It describes the action of bending one's knees and lowering the body, often to rest or to reach something low. This verb is commonly used in everyday situations, such as when picking something up from the ground or sitting in a relaxed position. For example: He squatted to tie his shoelaces「彼は靴ひもを結ぶためにしゃがんだ」(かれはくつひもをむすぶためにしゃがんだ). The child squatted to look at the flowers「子供は花を見るためにしゃがんだ」(こどもははなをみるためにしゃがんだ). Note that 'しゃがむ' is often used in casual contexts and can imply a temporary or informal posture.

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

3586

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tease

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'からかう (からかう)' means 'to tease'. It is used when someone is making fun of another person in a playful or sometimes slightly mocking way. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as among friends or when someone is trying to provoke a reaction. For example: He teased his little sister「彼は妹をからかった」(かれはいもうとをからかった). Don't tease the dog「犬をからかわないで」(いぬをからかわないで). It's important to note that while 'からかう' can be playful, it can also sometimes be perceived as annoying or hurtful depending on the context and tone.

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

3634

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unfortunately

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'あいにく (ainiku)' means 'unfortunately'. It is used to express regret or disappointment about a situation that is beyond one's control. This word often conveys a sense of bad timing or inconvenience. For example: Unfortunately, it started to rain「あいにく雨が降り始めた」(あいにくあめがふりはじめた). Unfortunately, the store is closed today「あいにく今日は店が閉まっている」(あいにくきょうはみせがしまっている). The nuance of 'あいにく' often implies that the situation is inconvenient or disappointing, but not necessarily tragic or severe.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

3657

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Child

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese suffix 'っこ (kko)' is often used to refer to a child or someone younger in a casual or affectionate manner. It can also denote a sense of endearment or familiarity. This suffix is commonly attached to names or nouns to create a diminutive or affectionate form. For example: Taro's child「太郎っこ」(たろうっこ). A little girl「女の子っこ」(おんなのこっこ). It's important to note that this suffix is informal and typically used in spoken language or casual settings.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Frequency

3694

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unnoticed

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'いつのまにか (itsunomanika)' means 'unnoticed' or 'before one realizes'. It is used to describe something that happens gradually or without being noticed. This word often conveys a sense of surprise or realization about how something has changed over time. For example: The seasons changed unnoticed「いつのまにか季節が変わっていた」(いつのまにかきせつがかわっていた). Before I knew it, he had grown up「いつのまにか彼は大人になっていた」(いつのまにかかれはおとなになっていた). This adverb is commonly used in both casual and formal contexts to express subtle changes or developments.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

3708

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Treat, Arrogant

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'おごる (おごる)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to treat' or 'to pay for someone else', often used in the context of paying for a meal or drinks for someone else. For example: I will treat you to dinner「夕食をおごるよ」(ゆうしょくをおごるよ). The second meaning is 'to be arrogant' or 'to be haughty', describing someone who behaves in a superior or condescending manner. For example: He is arrogant「彼はおごっている」(かれはおごっている). These two meanings are unrelated and should be considered separately based on the context in which the verb is used.

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

3720

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Snack

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'おやつ (おやつ)' refers to a snack or light meal typically eaten between main meals, such as breakfast, lunch, and dinner. It is commonly used to describe small, often sweet or savory treats enjoyed during the afternoon. The term originates from the old Japanese timekeeping system, where '八つ (やつ)' referred to the time around 2-4 PM, when people would take a break and have a snack. Example sentences: I ate a snack「おやつを食べた」(おやつをたべた). Let's have a snack together「一緒におやつを食べよう」(いっしょにおやつをたべよう).

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3730

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rolling

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'ごろごろ (gorogoro)' primarily describes the sound or action of something rolling or rumbling. It can be used to depict the sound of thunder, the movement of objects like rocks or balls, or even the idle state of someone lounging around. For example: the thunder is rumbling「雷がごろごろ鳴っている」(かみなりがごろごろなっている). The ball is rolling down the hill「ボールがごろごろ丘を転がっている」(ボールがごろごろおかをころがっている). He's just lounging around at home「彼は家でごろごろしている」(かれはいえでごろごろしている). This word is often used in onomatopoeic contexts to convey a sense of continuous or repetitive motion or sound.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

3740

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Turn, Flip

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'めくる (mekuru)' primarily means 'to turn' or 'to flip'. It is commonly used when referring to turning or flipping pages of a book, magazine, or any other object with pages. For example: Please turn the page「ページをめくってください」(ぺーじをめくってください). She flipped through the photo album「彼女は写真アルバムをめくった」(かのじょはしゃしんあるばむをめくった). Additionally, 'めくる' can also be used metaphorically to describe turning over a new leaf or changing a situation, as in '新しい章をめくる (あたらしいしょうをめくる) (to turn a new chapter)'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

3744

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wow

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese interjection 'へー (へー)' is used to express surprise, interest, or mild astonishment. It is often used in casual conversations when someone hears something new or unexpected. The tone and context can slightly alter its nuance, but it generally conveys a sense of 'Oh, really?' or 'Wow, I didn't know that.' For example: Wow, that's amazing!「へー、すごいね！」(へー、すごいね！). Oh, I didn't know that「へー、知らなかった」(へー、しらなかった). It's a versatile interjection that can be used in various situations to show that you are impressed or intrigued by what you've just heard.

Part Of Speech

interjection

Frequency

3768

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Spinning

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'くるくる (くるくる)' describes something spinning or rotating quickly. It is often used to depict physical movement, such as objects or people turning around rapidly. It can also describe something being wrapped or coiled tightly. For example: the top is spinning「コマがくるくる回っている」(こまがくるくるまわっている). She wrapped the scarf around her neck「彼女はマフラーをくるくる巻いた」(かのじょはマフラーをくるくるまいた). The word is onomatopoeic, conveying a vivid sense of motion or action.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

3774

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Look

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese interjection 'ほら (hora)' is used to draw someone's attention to something, similar to saying 'look' or 'see' in English. It is often used when pointing out something obvious or when trying to get someone to notice something quickly. For example: Look, it's a bird!「ほら、鳥だよ！」(ほら、とりだよ！). See, I told you it would work「ほら、言った通りでしょ」(ほら、いったとおりでしょ). The nuance of 'ほら' can vary depending on tone and context, sometimes expressing urgency, excitement, or even mild frustration.

Part Of Speech

interjection

Frequency

3777

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Row

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'ずらり' describes things or people lined up in a row or array, often implying a large number or an impressive display. It is commonly used to emphasize the visual impact of a lineup. For example: The books were lined up neatly on the shelf「本がずらりと並んでいた」(ほんがずらりとならんでいた). The soldiers stood in a row「兵士たちがずらりと並んで立っていた」(へいしたちがずらりとならんでたっていた). This adverb often conveys a sense of orderliness or abundance in the arrangement.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

3823

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wet

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'ぬれる (nureru)' means 'to get wet'. It is used to describe something or someone becoming wet, often due to exposure to water or another liquid. This verb is commonly used in everyday situations, such as when clothes, hair, or objects get wet. For example: My clothes got wet in the rain「服が雨でぬれた」(ふくがあめでぬれた). The towel is wet「タオルがぬれている」(タオルがぬれている). Note that 'ぬれる' is an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object. To express the action of making something wet, the transitive verb 'ぬらす (nurasu)' is used instead.

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

3831

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tight, Tough

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'きつい' can mean 'tight' or 'tough', depending on the context. When used to describe something physically tight, it refers to something that fits snugly or is constricting, such as clothing or a lid. For example: These shoes are tight「この靴はきつい」(このくつはきつい). When used to describe a situation or task, it means 'tough' or 'difficult', indicating something that is demanding or strenuous. For example: This job is tough「この仕事はきつい」(このしごとはきつい). The word can also describe a person's personality as strict or harsh, as in 'きつい人 (きついひと) (strict person)'. It's important to consider the context to determine which meaning is intended.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

3834

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Relieved

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'ほっと' expresses a feeling of relief or relaxation after a period of tension or worry. It is often used to describe the emotional state of someone who has been anxious or stressed and then feels a sense of calm. For example: I felt relieved when I heard the good news「良い知らせを聞いてほっとした」(よいしらせをきいてほっとした). She sighed in relief「彼女はほっとため息をついた」(かのじょはほっとためいきをついた). This word can also be used to describe a physical state of relaxation, such as sitting down after a long day: I relaxed with a cup of tea「お茶を飲んでほっとした」(おちゃをのんでほっとした).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

3841

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pumpkin

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'かぼちゃ' refers to a type of winter squash, commonly known as 'pumpkin' in English. In Japan, it is widely used in both savory and sweet dishes, such as tempura, stews, and desserts. The word can also refer to the vegetable itself or dishes made from it. For example: I bought a pumpkin「かぼちゃを買いました」(かぼちゃをかいました). This soup is made with pumpkin「このスープはかぼちゃでできています」(このスープはかぼちゃでできています). Note that 'かぼちゃ' specifically refers to the Japanese variety of pumpkin, which has a denser and sweeter flesh compared to Western pumpkins.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3871

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Round

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'ぐるぐる' describes a circular or spinning motion. It is often used to depict something turning, rotating, or moving in circles. This word can be applied to physical movements, such as spinning objects, or abstract concepts, like thoughts going in circles. For example: the fan is spinning round and round「扇風機がぐるぐる回っている」(せんぷうきがぐるぐるまわっている). My head is spinning「頭がぐるぐるする」(あたまがぐるぐるする). Additionally, 'ぐるぐる' can imply repetition or going around something, as in wrapping a scarf around your neck「マフラーをぐるぐる巻く」(マフラーをぐるぐるまく).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

3905

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Surely

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'さぞ (さぞ)' is used to express a strong assumption or conjecture about something, often implying that the speaker is certain about the situation or feeling being described. It is commonly used in contexts where the speaker is empathizing with someone else's feelings or situation, imagining how they must feel. For example: You must be tired「さぞお疲れでしょう」(さぞおつかれでしょう). He must be happy「さぞ嬉しいでしょう」(さぞうれしいでしょう). The word 'さぞ' is often paired with 'でしょう' or 'だろう' to form a complete assumption. It carries a nuance of empathy or deep understanding, making it suitable for polite or formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

3916

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Precisely

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'きっちり' (kitchiri) means 'precisely' or 'exactly'. It is used to describe something that is done with accuracy, tightness, or without any looseness or deviation. This word often conveys a sense of neatness, thoroughness, or strict adherence to rules or expectations. For example: The schedule is precisely planned「スケジュールはきっちり決まっている」(すけじゅーるはきっちりきまっている). She tied the ribbon precisely「彼女はリボンをきっちり結んだ」(かのじょはりぼんをきっちりむすんだ). It can also imply something fitting perfectly, as in: The lid fits precisely「蓋がきっちり合う」(ふたがきっちりあう).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

3940

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting