Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Kanji School Grade

word

Meaning

Who

Reading

Kanji

誰Who

Explanation

The Japanese pronoun '誰 (だれ)' means 'who'. It is used to ask about the identity of a person or people. This pronoun is commonly used in questions to inquire about someone's name, role, or identity. For example: Who is that person?「あの人は誰ですか？」(あのひとはだれですか？). Who ate the cake?「誰がケーキを食べたの？」(だれがケーキをたべたの？). It can also be used in statements when the identity is unknown or unspecified, such as 'I don't know who did it'「誰がやったのかわからない」(だれがやったのかわからない). Note that '誰' is neutral and can be used in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

pronoun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

179

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Time, Period

Reading

Kanji

頃Approximate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '頃 (ころ)' refers to a specific time or period, often implying a general or approximate time frame rather than an exact moment. It is commonly used to describe a period in the past, present, or future, and can be associated with seasons, events, or life stages. For example: around this time last year「去年のこの頃」(きょねんのこのころ). When I was a child「子供の頃」(こどものころ). It can also be used to indicate a suitable or appropriate time for something, as in 'it's about time to leave'「そろそろ帰る頃だ」(そろそろかえるころだ). The word carries a nuance of vagueness, making it useful for expressing general time frames without precision.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

202

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

I

Reading

Kanji

俺Me, I

Explanation

The Japanese pronoun '俺 (おれ)' is a casual and masculine way to say 'I'. It is commonly used by men in informal settings, such as among friends or family, and can convey a sense of toughness or assertiveness. However, it is considered rude or inappropriate in formal situations or when speaking to someone of higher status. For example: I will do it「俺がやる」(おれがやる). I am strong「俺は強い」(おれはつよい). Note that women typically do not use this pronoun, as it is strongly associated with male speech.

Part Of Speech

pronoun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

210

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Amazing

Reading

Kanji

凄Nifty

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '凄い (すごい)' primarily means 'amazing' or 'incredible'. It is used to express awe, admiration, or surprise at something extraordinary, whether positive or negative. For example: That movie was amazing「あの映画は凄かった」(あのえいがはすごかった). He is incredibly fast「彼は凄く速い」(かれはすごくはやい). The word can also be used colloquially to mean 'very' or 'really', as in '凄く暑い (すごくあつい) (really hot)'. It is a versatile word often used in casual conversation to emphasize intensity or impressiveness.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

665

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Slightly, Barely

Reading

Kanji

僅A wee bit

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '僅か (わずか)' is used to indicate a small amount or degree. It can mean 'slightly' or 'barely', depending on the context. This word is often used to emphasize how little or minimal something is. For example: The difference is slight「その違いは僅かだ」(そのちがいはわずかだ). He barely passed the exam「彼は僅かに試験に合格した」(かれはわずかにしけんにごうかくした). Note that '僅か' can also be used as a noun, as in '僅かな時間 (わずかなじかん) (a little time)'.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1041

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Korea

Reading

Kanji

韓Korea 国Country

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun '韓国 (かんこく)' refers to 'Korea', specifically South Korea. It is used to denote the country, its culture, people, or anything related to it. For example: I want to visit Korea「韓国に行きたい」(かんこくにいきたい). Korean food is delicious「韓国料理は美味しい」(かんこくりょうりはおいしい). The term is commonly used in everyday conversation and media when discussing South Korea. Note that '韓国' specifically refers to South Korea, while North Korea is referred to as '北朝鮮 (きたちょうせん)'.

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1168

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Grasp

Reading

Kanji

捉Catch

Explanation

The Japanese verb '捉える (とらえる)' means 'to grasp' or 'to capture'. It is used to describe the act of physically catching or holding onto something, as well as metaphorically understanding or perceiving something. For example: He grasped the concept quickly「彼はその概念をすぐに捉えた」(かれはそのがいねんをすぐにとらえた). The police captured the criminal「警察は犯人を捉えた」(けいさつははんにんをとらえた). This verb can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as capturing an image or idea in one's mind.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1218

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Smell

Reading

Kanji

匂Fragrance, Scent

Explanation

The Japanese noun '匂い (におい)' refers to a 'smell' or 'scent'. It can describe both pleasant and unpleasant odors, depending on the context. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation to talk about the scent of food, flowers, or even people. For example: The smell of flowers is nice「花の匂いがいい」(はなのにおいがいい). There's a strange smell in this room「この部屋は変な匂いがする」(このへやはへんなにおいがする). The nuance of '匂い' can sometimes imply a subtle or faint scent, as opposed to a strong or overpowering odor.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1299

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Husband

Reading

Kanji

旦Dawn 那What

Explanation

The Japanese noun '旦那 (だんな)' primarily means 'husband'. It is a somewhat formal or traditional term used to refer to one's husband, often implying respect or a certain level of formality. It can also be used to address or refer to a master or boss, particularly in historical or service contexts. For example: my husband is kind「私の旦那は優しい」(わたしのだんなはやさしい). The master of the house is strict「旦那様は厳しい」(だんなさまはきびしい). Note that in modern usage, '旦那' is less common in casual speech, with '夫 (おっと)' or '主人 (しゅじん)' being more frequently used to refer to a husband.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1518

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Chair

Reading

Kanji

椅Chair 子Child

Explanation

The Japanese noun '椅子 (いす)' means 'chair'. This word refers to a piece of furniture designed for sitting, typically having a back and four legs. It is commonly used in everyday conversation and can refer to various types of chairs, such as office chairs, dining chairs, or armchairs. For example: Please sit on the chair「椅子に座ってください」(いすにすわってください). This chair is comfortable「この椅子は快適です」(このいすはかいてきです). The word '椅子' is straightforward and does not carry additional nuanced meanings, making it easy to use in various contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1569

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Someone

Reading

Kanji

誰Who

Explanation

The Japanese noun '誰か (だれか)' means 'someone'. It is used to refer to an unspecified person, often when the speaker does not know or does not specify who the person is. It can be used in questions or statements. For example: Is someone there?「誰かいますか？」(だれかいますか？). I need someone to help me「誰か助けてくれる人が必要です」(だれかたすけてくれるひとがひつようです). Note that '誰か' is often used in contexts where the speaker is seeking assistance or trying to identify an unknown person.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1855

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Knee

Reading

Kanji

膝Knee

Explanation

The Japanese noun '膝 (ひざ)' refers to the 'knee', the joint between the thigh and the lower leg. It is commonly used in everyday conversation and can describe both the physical body part and actions involving the knee. For example: My knee hurts「膝が痛い」(ひざがいたい). He sat on his knees「彼は膝をついて座った」(かれはひざをついてすわった). The word can also be used metaphorically, such as in the phrase '膝を抱く (ひざをだく)', which means to hug one's knees, often indicating a posture of reflection or sadness.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2062

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bath

Reading

Kanji

風Wind, Style 呂Bath

Explanation

The Japanese noun '風呂 (ふろ)' refers to a bath, specifically a traditional Japanese bath. This term is commonly used to describe the bathing area or the act of bathing itself. In Japanese culture, taking a bath is often a relaxing and cleansing ritual, and '風呂' can refer to both the bathtub and the entire bathroom area. For example: I will take a bath「風呂に入ります」(ふろにはいります). The bath is ready「風呂が沸きました」(ふろがわきました). It's important to note that '風呂' is often used in the context of a traditional Japanese bathhouse or '銭湯 (せんとう)', where people go to bathe communally.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2145

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Darkness

Reading

Kanji

闇Darkness

Explanation

The Japanese noun '闇 (やみ)' means 'darkness'. It refers to the absence of light, often used to describe physical darkness, such as in a room or at night. It can also metaphorically represent emotional or moral darkness, such as despair, ignorance, or evil. For example: The room was filled with darkness「部屋は闇に包まれていた」(へやはやみにつつまれていた). He fell into the darkness of despair「彼は絶望の闇に落ちた」(かれはぜつぼうのやみにおちた). The word can also be used in idiomatic expressions, such as '闇取引 (やみとりひき)' (black market dealings).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2211

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bathhouse

Reading

Kanji

風Wind, Style 呂Bath 屋Shop, Roof

Explanation

The Japanese noun '風呂屋 (ふろや)' refers to a traditional Japanese public bathhouse. These establishments are places where people go to bathe, often featuring large communal baths, saunas, and sometimes additional services like massages. The term is deeply rooted in Japanese culture, where public bathing has been a common practice for centuries. For example: I went to the bathhouse yesterday「昨日、風呂屋に行きました」(きのう、ふろやにいきました). The bathhouse is very relaxing「風呂屋はとてもリラックスできます」(ふろやはとてもりらっくすできます). It's important to note that '風呂屋' specifically refers to the establishment itself, not the act of bathing.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2248

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pillow

Reading

Kanji

枕Pillow

Explanation

The Japanese noun '枕 (まくら)' refers to a 'pillow', which is a cushion used to support the head while sleeping. It is a common household item and is essential for comfort during rest. The word can also be used metaphorically or in idiomatic expressions, such as '枕を高くして寝る (まくらをたかくしてねる)', which means 'to sleep soundly without worries'. Example sentences: I bought a new pillow「新しい枕を買いました」(あたらしいまくらをかいました). This pillow is very soft「この枕はとても柔らかいです」(このまくらはとてもやわらかいです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2260

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Greeting

Reading

Kanji

挨Push open 拶Draw close, Be imminent

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '挨拶 (あいさつ)' primarily means 'greeting'. It refers to the act of greeting someone, which can include saying hello, goodbye, or other polite expressions. This word is deeply rooted in Japanese culture, emphasizing politeness and social harmony. It can also refer to formal speeches or remarks made at events. Example sentences: He gave a greeting「彼は挨拶をした」(かれはあいさつをした). Please say hello to everyone「みんなに挨拶してください」(みんなにあいさつしてください). In a formal setting, '挨拶' might refer to a speech: The president made an opening greeting「社長が開会の挨拶をした」(しゃちょうがかいかいのあいさつをした).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2270

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

New years day

Reading

Kanji

元Origin 旦Dawn

Explanation

The Japanese noun '元旦 (がんたん)' specifically refers to the morning or the first day of the New Year, January 1st. It is a term that carries a sense of renewal and celebration, often associated with the first sunrise of the year, which is considered auspicious. Example sentences include: We visited the shrine on New Year's Day「私たちは元旦に神社を訪れました」(わたしたちはがんたんにじんじゃをおとずれました). The first sunrise of the year on New Year's Day is beautiful「元旦の初日の出は美しい」(がんたんのはつひのではうつくしい).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2283

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Once

Reading

Kanji

一One 旦Dawn

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '一旦 (いったん)' means 'once' or 'for the time being'. It is used to indicate a temporary pause, interruption, or a point in time when something is done or considered before proceeding further. It often implies that after this action or state, there will be a change or continuation. For example: Let's stop here once「一旦ここで止めましょう」(いったんここでとめましょう). Once I finish this, I'll take a break「一旦これを終えたら休憩します」(いったんこれをおえたらきゅうけいします). This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to suggest a temporary halt or reconsideration.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2285

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Long sleeve

Reading

Kanji

長Long, Leader 袖Sleeve

Explanation

The Japanese noun '長袖 (ながそで)' refers to 'long sleeves' or 'long-sleeved clothing'. It is commonly used to describe clothing items such as shirts, dresses, or jackets that have sleeves extending to the wrists. This term is often used in fashion or when discussing seasonal clothing, as long-sleeved garments are typically associated with cooler weather. For example: I bought a long-sleeve shirt「長袖のシャツを買いました」(ながそでのシャツをかいました). She prefers long-sleeve dresses in winter「彼女は冬に長袖のドレスを好む」(かのじょはふゆにながそでのドレスをこのむ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2287

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Short sleeve

Reading

Kanji

半Half 袖Sleeve

Explanation

The Japanese noun '半袖 (はんそで)' refers to 'short-sleeve' clothing, typically shirts or tops. It is commonly used to describe garments that have sleeves covering only the upper part of the arm, as opposed to full-length sleeves. For example: I bought a short-sleeve shirt「半袖のシャツを買いました」(はんそでのシャツをかいました). This short-sleeve shirt is comfortable「この半袖のシャツは快適です」(このはんそでのシャツはかいてきです). The term is often used in the context of summer clothing or casual wear.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2288

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fool, Idiot

Reading

Kanji

馬Horse 鹿Deer

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '馬鹿 (ばか)' primarily means 'fool' or 'idiot'. It is used to describe someone who is foolish, silly, or lacking in common sense. However, it can also be used in a more affectionate or playful manner among close friends or family. For example: You're such an idiot「あなたは本当に馬鹿だね」(あなたはほんとうにばかだね). Don't be silly「馬鹿なこと言わないで」(ばかなこといわないで). It's important to note that while '馬鹿' can be used humorously, it can also be considered rude or offensive depending on the context and tone of voice.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2289

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Give up

Reading

Kanji

諦Abandon, Give up

Explanation

The Japanese verb '諦める (あきらめる)' means 'to give up' or 'to abandon'. It is used when someone decides to stop trying to achieve something because they believe it is no longer possible or worth the effort. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as giving up on a dream, a goal, or a relationship. For example: I gave up on the idea「その考えを諦めた」(そのかんがえをあきらめた). He gave up smoking「彼はタバコを諦めた」(かれはタバコをあきらめた). It's important to note that '諦める' often carries a sense of resignation or acceptance of reality, rather than just quitting without thought.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2316

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Side

Reading

Kanji

脇Armpit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '脇 (わき)' primarily means 'side', referring to the area beside or next to something. It is often used to describe the space adjacent to a person, object, or location. For example: He stood by my side「彼は私の脇に立った」(かれはわたしのわきにたった). The book is placed beside the lamp「本はランプの脇に置かれている」(ほんはランプのわきにおかれている). Additionally, '脇' can sometimes refer to the armpit in specific contexts, but this usage is less common and typically requires additional clarification. For example: She applied deodorant to her armpit「彼女は脇にデオドラントをつけた」(かのじょはわきにデオドラントをつけた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2339

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Key

Reading

Kanji

鍵Key

Explanation

The Japanese noun '鍵 (かぎ)' means 'key'. It refers to a physical object used to lock or unlock something, such as a door, a safe, or a car. This word is commonly used in everyday situations. For example: I lost my key「鍵をなくしました」(かぎをなくしました). Do you have the key to this door?「このドアの鍵を持っていますか？」(このドアのかぎをもっていますか？). Additionally, '鍵' can also metaphorically refer to something essential or crucial, as in 'the key to success' (成功の鍵, せいこうのかぎ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2492

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Target, Aim

Reading

Kanji

狙Aim

Explanation

The Japanese verb '狙う (ねらう)' primarily means 'to aim' or 'to target'. It is used when focusing on a specific goal, object, or outcome. This verb can be applied in both literal and figurative contexts. For example, in sports, it can mean aiming for a target: He aimed for the goal「彼はゴールを狙った」(かれはゴールをねらった). In a strategic context, it can mean targeting an opportunity: The company is targeting the overseas market「その会社は海外市場を狙っている」(そのかいしゃはかいがいしじょうをねらっている). Note that '狙う' often implies a deliberate and focused effort toward achieving something.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2597

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cheek

Reading

Kanji

頬Jaw, Cheeks

Explanation

The Japanese noun '頬 (ほお)' refers to the 'cheek', the part of the face below the eye and between the nose and ear. It is commonly used in everyday conversation and literature to describe this specific part of the face. For example: Her cheeks turned red「彼女の頬が赤くなった」(かのじょのほおがあかくなった). He gently touched her cheek「彼は優しく彼女の頬に触れた」(かれはやさしくかのじょのほおにふれた). The word can also be used metaphorically or in idiomatic expressions, such as '頬を染める (ほおをそめる)', which means 'to blush'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2669

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Buttocks

Reading

Kanji

尻Butt, Buttocks

Explanation

The Japanese noun '尻 (しり)' primarily refers to the 'buttocks' or 'rear end'. It is a common and straightforward term used in everyday language. However, it can also carry additional meanings depending on the context, such as the 'bottom' or 'end' of something (e.g., the end of a road or a piece of clothing). For example: He fell on his buttocks「彼は尻をついた」(かれはしりをついた). The bottom of the box is broken「箱の尻が壊れている」(はこのしりがこわれている). While the word is not inherently vulgar, it is best used in informal or casual settings. In formal contexts, alternative terms like '臀部 (でんぶ)' might be more appropriate.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2822

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Throat

Reading

Kanji

喉Throat

Explanation

The Japanese noun '喉 (のど)' refers to the 'throat'. It is commonly used to describe the anatomical part of the body that connects the mouth and nasal passages to the esophagus and larynx. This word is often used in contexts related to health, such as when someone has a sore throat or is experiencing dryness. For example: My throat is dry「喉が渇いた」(のどがかわいた). I have a sore throat「喉が痛い」(のどがいたい). Additionally, '喉' can be used metaphorically to describe something that is essential or vital, as in '喉から手が出るほど欲しい (のどからてがでるほどほしい)', which means 'to want something so badly that one's hand reaches out from their throat'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2833

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Scold

Reading

Kanji

叱Scold

Explanation

The Japanese verb '叱る (しかる)' means 'to scold' or 'to reprimand'. It is used when someone is being corrected or admonished for their behavior, often by someone in a position of authority, such as a parent, teacher, or boss. The tone can range from mild disapproval to strong rebuke. For example: The teacher scolded the student「先生は生徒を叱った」(せんせいはせいとをしかった). My mother scolded me for being late「母は私が遅れたことを叱った」(はははわたしがおくれたことをしかった). This verb is commonly used in situations where someone is being corrected for a mistake or misbehavior.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3053

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lose weight

Reading

Kanji

痩Thin

Explanation

The Japanese verb '痩せる (やせる)' means 'to lose weight' or 'to become thin'. It is used to describe the process of reducing body weight or becoming slimmer. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as describing someone's physical appearance or health. For example: I want to lose weight「痩せたい」(やせたい). She has lost weight recently「彼女は最近痩せた」(かのじょはさいきんやせた). It's important to note that this verb is often used in a neutral or positive context, but it can also imply concern if someone loses too much weight.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3184

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pot

Reading

Kanji

鍋Pot

Explanation

The Japanese noun '鍋 (なべ)' refers to a 'pot', typically used for cooking. It can describe various types of pots, such as those used for boiling, stewing, or frying. In Japanese cuisine, '鍋' is also associated with hot pot dishes, where ingredients are cooked together in a communal pot. Example sentences: I bought a new pot「新しい鍋を買いました」(あたらしいなべをかいました). Let's make hot pot tonight「今夜は鍋を作りましょう」(こんやはなべをつくりましょう). The pot is on the stove「鍋がコンロの上にあります」(なべがコンロのうえにあります).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3235

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wipe

Reading

Kanji

拭Wipe

Explanation

The Japanese verb '拭く (ふく)' means 'to wipe'. It is commonly used when cleaning or drying surfaces by removing dirt, dust, or moisture. For example: I wiped the table「テーブルを拭いた」(テーブルをふいた). She wiped her tears「彼女は涙を拭いた」(かのじょはなみだをふいた). This verb can also be used metaphorically, such as wiping away worries or problems. It is important to note that '拭く' is often used with objects like cloths or tissues, as in '布で拭く (ぬのでふく) (wipe with a cloth)'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3506

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tremendous, Terrifying

Reading

Kanji

物Thing 凄Nifty

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '物凄い (ものすごい)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'tremendous' or 'incredible', often used to describe something that is extremely impressive or intense in a positive or overwhelming way. For example: The view from the mountain was tremendous「山からの眺めは物凄かった」(やまからのながめはものすごかった). The second meaning is 'terrifying' or 'frightening', used to describe something that is extremely scary or awe-inspiring in a negative sense. For example: The storm was terrifying「嵐は物凄かった」(あらしはものすごかった). The word can also be used colloquially to emphasize intensity, such as '物凄く暑い (ものすごくあつい)' meaning 'incredibly hot'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3582

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bear

Reading

Kanji

熊Bear

Explanation

The Japanese noun '熊 (くま)' refers to the animal 'bear'. It is commonly used to describe the large, furry mammal found in forests and mountains. This word can be used in various contexts, such as talking about wildlife, stories, or even as a metaphor for strength or danger. For example: I saw a bear in the forest「森で熊を見た」(もりでくまをみた). The bear is strong「熊は強い」(くまはつよい). In Japanese folklore, bears often symbolize power and protection, and they appear in many traditional tales and legends.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3702

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Jaw

Reading

Kanji

顎Chin

Explanation

The Japanese noun '顎 (あご)' refers to the 'jaw', the bony structure that forms the framework of the mouth and holds the teeth. It is commonly used in both anatomical and everyday contexts. For example: my jaw hurts「顎が痛い」(あごがいたい). He has a strong jaw「彼は顎が強い」(かれはあごがつよい). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe someone's determination or stubbornness, as in '顎が外れるほど笑う (あごがはずれるほどわらう)', which means 'to laugh so hard one's jaw might fall off'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3724

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pupil

Reading

Kanji

瞳Pupil

Explanation

The Japanese noun '瞳 (ひとみ)' primarily refers to the 'pupil' of the eye, the black circular opening in the center of the iris. It can also poetically or metaphorically refer to the eyes themselves, often evoking a sense of beauty or depth. For example: Her pupils are beautiful「彼女の瞳は美しい」(かのじょのひとみはうつくしい). The child's eyes sparkled「子供の瞳が輝いていた」(こどものひとみがかがやいていた). This word is often used in literary or emotional contexts to emphasize the expressiveness or allure of someone's eyes.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3835

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Feed, Bait

Reading

Kanji

餌Feed

Explanation

The Japanese noun '餌 (えさ)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'feed', referring to food given to animals, such as pets or livestock. For example: I gave feed to the dog「犬に餌をあげた」(いぬにえさをあげた). The second meaning is 'bait', used in the context of fishing or trapping. For example: He put bait on the hook「彼は針に餌をつけた」(かれははりにえさをつけた). The word is versatile and can be used in both domestic and outdoor settings, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3896

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lid

Reading

Kanji

蓋Lid

Explanation

The Japanese noun '蓋 (ふた)' means 'lid'. It refers to a cover or top that is placed over a container to close or seal it. This word is commonly used in everyday contexts, such as when referring to the lid of a pot, jar, or bottle. For example: Please put the lid on the pot「鍋に蓋をしてください」(なべにふたをしてください). The lid of this jar is hard to open「この瓶の蓋は開けにくい」(このびんのふたはあけにくい). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that conceals or hides, as in '蓋をする (ふたをする)' which means 'to cover up' or 'to hide something'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3903

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Peel

Reading

Kanji

剥Peel off

Explanation

The Japanese verb '剥く (むく)' means 'to peel'. It is commonly used when referring to removing the outer layer or skin of something, such as fruits, vegetables, or even objects. For example: I peeled the apple「リンゴを剥いた」(りんごをむいた). He peeled the potato「彼はジャガイモを剥いた」(かれはじゃがいもをむいた). This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe stripping away layers of something abstract, such as emotions or concepts. However, the primary and most common usage is in the context of physically peeling something.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3964

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Nail

Reading

Kanji

爪Claw

Explanation

The Japanese noun '爪 (つめ)' refers to the 'nail' on a finger or toe. It is used to describe the hard, keratinous covering at the end of digits in humans and animals. For example: I cut my nails「爪を切った」(つめをきった). Her nails are long「彼女の爪は長い」(かのじょのつめはながい). This word can also be used metaphorically to describe something sharp or claw-like, but its primary meaning is related to the physical nail.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3979

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Address

Reading

Kanji

宛Address 先Before, Previous

Explanation

The Japanese noun '宛先 (あてさき)' refers to the 'address' of a person or place to which something is sent, such as a letter, package, or email. It is commonly used in contexts involving mailing or communication. For example: Please write the address here「ここに宛先を書いてください」(ここにあてさきをかいてください). I forgot to include the address「宛先を書き忘れました」(あてさきをかきわすれました). This word is essential in situations where specifying a destination is required.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3981

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Addressee

Reading

Kanji

宛Address 名Name

Explanation

The Japanese noun '宛名 (あてな)' refers to the name of the person or entity to whom something is addressed, such as a letter, package, or email. It is commonly used in formal and informal contexts when specifying the recipient of correspondence. For example: Please write the addressee here「ここに宛名を書いてください」(ここにあてなをかいてください). The addressee is incorrect「宛名が間違っています」(あてながまちがっています). This word is essential in contexts involving mail, deliveries, or any form of directed communication.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3982

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Arise, Gush

Reading

Kanji

湧Well, Boil

Explanation

The Japanese verb '湧く (わく)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to gush' or 'to well up', often used to describe liquids like water or oil emerging from the ground. For example: hot water gushes from the spring「温泉からお湯が湧く」(おんせんからおゆがわく). The second meaning is 'to arise' or 'to emerge', used to describe emotions, thoughts, or situations coming into existence. For example: doubts arose in my mind「疑問が心に湧く」(ぎもんがこころにわく). This verb is versatile and can be used in both literal and figurative contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4004

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Addressed

Reading

Kanji

宛Address

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '宛て (あて)' is used to indicate that something is addressed or directed to someone or something. It is commonly attached to names, titles, or pronouns to specify the recipient. For example: a letter addressed to Tanaka「田中さん宛ての手紙」(たなかさんあてのてがみ). This suffix is often used in formal or written contexts, such as letters, emails, or packages. It can also imply a sense of direction or purpose, as in 'this gift is for you'「このプレゼントはあなた宛てです」(このプレゼントはあなたあてです). Note that '宛て' is typically written in hiragana in modern usage, though it can occasionally appear in kanji as '宛'.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4055

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Riddle, Mystery

Reading

Kanji

謎Riddle

Explanation

The Japanese noun '謎 (なぞ)' can mean either 'riddle' or 'mystery', depending on the context. When used to mean 'riddle', it refers to a question or statement intentionally phrased to require ingenuity in finding its answer or meaning. For example: solving a riddle「謎を解く」(なぞをとく). When used to mean 'mystery', it refers to something that is difficult or impossible to understand or explain. For example: the mystery of the universe「宇宙の謎」(うちゅうのなぞ). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something puzzling or enigmatic in everyday situations. For example: her behavior is a mystery「彼女の行動は謎だ」(かのじょのこうどうはなぞだ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4078

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Relative

Reading

Kanji

親Parent 戚Grieve, Relatives

Explanation

The Japanese noun '親戚 (しんせき)' refers to a 'relative' or 'family member'. It is used to describe someone who is related by blood or marriage, such as aunts, uncles, cousins, or in-laws. This term is broader than '家族 (かぞく)', which specifically refers to immediate family members like parents, siblings, or children. For example: I visited my relatives「親戚を訪ねた」(しんせきをたずねた). She has many relatives「彼女は親戚が多い」(かのじょはしんせきがおおい). The word can also be used in formal or casual contexts, depending on the situation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4397

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Seclude

Reading

Kanji

籠Cage, Basket

Explanation

The Japanese verb '籠もる (こもる)' means 'to seclude oneself' or 'to stay indoors'. It is often used to describe someone staying inside a place, such as a room or house, for an extended period of time, either by choice or due to external circumstances. For example: he secluded himself in his room「彼は部屋に籠もった」(かれはへやにこもった). During the storm, we stayed indoors「嵐の間、私たちは家に籠もっていた」(あらしのあいだ、わたしたちはいえにこもっていた). This verb can also imply a sense of isolation or withdrawal from the outside world.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4500

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Gap

Reading

Kanji

隙Crevice 間Interval, Space

Explanation

The Japanese noun '隙間 (すきま)' refers to a 'gap' or 'space' between objects. It is commonly used to describe physical spaces, such as gaps between walls, doors, or furniture, but can also be used metaphorically to describe gaps in time or relationships. For example: there is a gap between the wall and the desk「壁と机の間に隙間がある」(かべとつくえのあいだにすきまがある). I found a gap in my schedule「スケジュールに隙間を見つけた」(すけじゅーるにすきまをみつけた). The word can also imply a sense of something being overlooked or unnoticed, as in '隙間時間 (すきまじかん)', which refers to small pockets of free time.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4579

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Modesty

Reading

Kanji

謙Humble, Modesty 遜Humble

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '謙遜 (けんそん)' refers to the act of being modest or humble, often in the context of downplaying one's own abilities, achievements, or status. It is a valued trait in Japanese culture and is frequently used in social interactions to show politeness and respect. For example: He responded with modesty「彼は謙遜して答えた」(かれはけんそんしてこたえた). She always speaks with modesty「彼女はいつも謙遜して話す」(かのじょはいつもけんそんしてはなす). This term is often used in formal or professional settings to avoid appearing boastful.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4596

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tiger

Reading

Kanji

虎Tiger

Explanation

The Japanese noun '虎 (とら)' refers to a 'tiger', the large carnivorous feline animal. This word is used to describe the animal itself, often in contexts related to wildlife, zoos, or symbolic representations. Tigers are also culturally significant in Japan, often symbolizing strength and courage. Example sentences: The tiger is strong「虎は強い」(とらはつよい). I saw a tiger at the zoo「動物園で虎を見た」(どうぶつえんでとらをみた). In Japanese folklore and art, tigers are frequently depicted as powerful and majestic creatures.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4684

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Eyebrow

Reading

Kanji

眉Eyebrows

Explanation

The Japanese noun '眉 (まゆ)' refers to the 'eyebrow', the strip of hair growing above the eye. This word is used in various contexts, from describing facial features to expressing emotions or reactions, as eyebrows play a significant role in non-verbal communication. For example: Her eyebrows are thick「彼女の眉は太い」(かのじょのまゆはふとい). He raised his eyebrows in surprise「彼は驚いて眉を上げた」(かれはおどろいてまゆをあげた). In Japanese culture, eyebrows can also be a focal point in beauty and fashion, with trends in shaping and styling them.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4716

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ruin, Crush

Reading

Kanji

潰Defile

Explanation

The Japanese verb '潰す (つぶす)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to crush,' which refers to physically destroying something by applying pressure, such as crushing a can or squashing an insect. For example: I crushed the can「缶を潰した」(かんをつぶした). The second meaning is 'to ruin,' which refers to causing something to fail or be destroyed, often in a metaphorical sense, such as ruining plans or wasting time. For example: He ruined the plan「彼は計画を潰した」(かれはけいかくをつぶした). The verb can also imply wasting resources or opportunities, as in 'to squander.' The nuance depends on the context, so it's important to pay attention to the object being acted upon.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4847

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Usual, Daily

Reading

Kanji

日Day, Sun 頃Approximate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '日頃 (ひごろ)' refers to something that is part of one's daily life or routine, or something that is usual or habitual. It often implies a sense of regularity or familiarity. For example: I appreciate your daily efforts「日頃の努力に感謝します」(ひごろのどりょくにかんしゃします). It's important to exercise regularly「日頃から運動することが大切です」(ひごろからうんどうすることがたいせつです). This word is commonly used to describe habits, routines, or things that are consistently present in one's life.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4854

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

China

Reading

Kanji

支Branch, Support 那What

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun '支那 (しな)' is an archaic term for China. It was commonly used in Japan before World War II, but its usage has declined significantly due to its historical connotations and potential to cause offense. In modern contexts, '中国 (ちゅうごく)' is the standard and neutral term for China. Example sentences: He studied the history of China「彼は支那の歴史を勉強した」(かれはしなのれきしをべんきょうした). The word '支那' is rarely used today「支那という言葉は今日ではほとんど使われない」(しなということばはきょうではほとんどつかわれない).

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4870

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Aim

Reading

Kanji

狙Aim

Explanation

The Japanese noun '狙い (ねらい)' means 'aim' or 'target'. It refers to the goal or objective one is trying to achieve, often in a strategic or deliberate manner. This word is commonly used in contexts involving plans, strategies, or intentions. For example: His aim is to win the competition「彼の狙いはコンテストに勝つことです」(かれのねらいはコンテストにかつことです). The sniper took aim at the target「狙撃手は狙いを定めた」(そげきしゅはねらいをさだめた). Additionally, '狙い' can imply a hidden or underlying intention, such as in '彼の狙いは何だろう？ (かれのねらいはなんだろう？) (What is his aim?).'

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4916

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Go back, Trace back

Reading

Kanji

遡Retrace the past, Go upstream

Explanation

The Japanese verb '遡る (さかのぼる)' primarily means 'to go back' or 'to trace back' in time or to a point of origin. It is often used to describe retracing steps, revisiting past events, or exploring the origins of something. For example: Let's trace back the history of this tradition「この伝統の歴史を遡りましょう」(このでんとうのれきしをさかのぼりましょう). The river flows back to its source「その川は源まで遡る」(そのかわはみなもとまでさかのぼる). This verb can be used in both literal and figurative contexts, making it versatile in describing time, history, or even physical paths.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4941

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Chopsticks

Reading

Kanji

箸Chopsticks

Explanation

The Japanese noun '箸 (はし)' refers to 'chopsticks', which are utensils used for eating, particularly in East Asian cultures. Chopsticks are typically made of wood, bamboo, metal, or plastic and are used to pick up food. Example sentences: Please pass the chopsticks「箸を取ってください」(はしをとってください). These chopsticks are easy to use「この箸は使いやすいです」(このはしはつかいやすいです). In Japanese culture, proper handling of chopsticks is considered important, and there are specific etiquette rules associated with their use.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4948

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Irritation

Reading

Kanji

苛Bullying

Explanation

The Japanese noun '苛々 (いらいら)' refers to a state of irritation or frustration. It is often used to describe a feeling of being annoyed or impatient, typically due to minor inconveniences or delays. For example: I feel irritated because of the traffic「交通のせいで苛々している」(こうつうのせいでいらいらしている). She gets irritated easily「彼女はすぐに苛々する」(かのじょはすぐにいらいらする). This word is commonly used in everyday conversation to express mild frustration or annoyance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4960

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cliff

Reading

Kanji

崖Cliff

Explanation

The Japanese noun '崖 (がけ)' means 'cliff'. It refers to a steep, vertical or near-vertical rock face, often found near coastlines, mountains, or rivers. This word is commonly used in geographical contexts or to describe dangerous or dramatic landscapes. For example: Be careful near the cliff「崖の近くに気をつけて」(がけのちかくにきをつけて). The house is built on the edge of a cliff「その家は崖の端に建てられている」(そのいえはがけのはしにたてられている). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe a precarious situation, such as being on the edge of a metaphorical 'cliff'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4966

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Scorn

Reading

Kanji

軽Lightly 蔑Neglect, Scorn

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '軽蔑 (けいべつ)' means 'scorn' or 'contempt'. It refers to a feeling of disdain or disrespect towards someone or something considered inferior or unworthy. This word is often used in formal or serious contexts to describe a strong negative attitude. For example: He looked at me with scorn「彼は軽蔑の目で私を見た」(かれはけいべつのめでわたしをみた). She felt contempt for his dishonesty「彼女は彼の不誠実さに軽蔑を感じた」(かのじょはかれのふせいじつさにけいべつをかんじた). The word can also be used in phrases like '軽蔑する (けいべつする)', which means 'to scorn' or 'to despise'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4990

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Beggar

Reading

Kanji

乞Beg 食Eat, Food

Explanation

The Japanese noun '乞食 (こじき)' refers to a 'beggar', someone who asks for money or food as charity. This term is often used in historical or literary contexts and can carry a somewhat archaic or harsh tone. It is important to note that this word is not commonly used in modern, polite conversation, as it may be considered derogatory. Example sentences: The beggar sat by the temple「乞食が寺のそばに座っていた」(こじきがてらのそばにすわっていた). He gave some money to the beggar「彼は乞食にお金をあげた」(かれはこじきにおかねをあげた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5006

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Practice

Reading

Kanji

稽Think, Consider 古Old

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '稽古 (けいこ)' primarily means 'practice' or 'training'. It is commonly used in contexts related to learning or perfecting a skill, such as martial arts, traditional arts, or performing arts. For example: I have kendo practice today「今日は剣道の稽古があります」(きょうはけんどうのけいこがあります). She is practicing the tea ceremony「彼女は茶道の稽古をしています」(かのじょはさどうのけいこをしています). The word often carries a nuance of disciplined, repetitive training aimed at mastery, and it is frequently used in traditional or artistic contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5010

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Kabuki

Reading

Kanji

歌Song 舞Dance 伎Deed

Explanation

The Japanese noun '歌舞伎 (かぶき)' refers to 'kabuki', a traditional form of Japanese theater known for its stylized drama, elaborate makeup, and costumes. Kabuki performances often depict historical events, moral conflicts, love stories, and other dramatic themes. It is one of Japan's most iconic cultural arts, dating back to the early 17th century. Example sentences: I watched kabuki yesterday「昨日、歌舞伎を見ました」(きのう、かぶきをみました). Kabuki is fascinating「歌舞伎は魅力的です」(かぶきはみりょくてきです). Kabuki actors are highly skilled「歌舞伎の役者は非常に熟練しています」(かぶきのやくしゃはひじょうにじゅくれんしています).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5011

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Toy

Reading

Kanji

玩Toy 具Tool

Explanation

The Japanese noun '玩具 (おもちゃ)' means 'toy'. This word refers to objects designed for children to play with, such as dolls, cars, or puzzles. It can also be used metaphorically to describe something treated as a trivial or unimportant matter. For example: The child is playing with a toy「子供が玩具で遊んでいる」(こどもがおもちゃであそんでいる). Don't treat me like a toy「私を玩具のように扱わないで」(わたしをおもちゃのようにあつかわないで). The word is commonly used in everyday conversation and is neutral in tone.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5012

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Collapse, Failure

Reading

Kanji

破Break, Tear 綻Come apart at the seams

Explanation

The Japanese noun '破綻 (はたん)' refers to a collapse or failure, often in the context of systems, plans, or relationships. It implies a breakdown or disintegration of something that was previously functioning. For example: the plan ended in failure「その計画は破綻した」(そのけいかくははたんした). Their marriage fell apart「彼らの結婚は破綻した」(かれらのけっこんははたんした). This word is commonly used in formal or serious contexts to describe significant failures or collapses.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5015

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Longing

Reading

Kanji

憧Yearn, Long for

Explanation

The Japanese noun '憧れ (あこがれ)' refers to a feeling of longing or yearning, often for something or someone that is admired or idealized. It conveys a sense of aspiration or desire for something unattainable or distant. This word is commonly used to describe admiration for a person, a lifestyle, or a dream. For example: I have a longing for Paris「私はパリに憧れている」(わたしはパリにあこがれている). She has always had a longing to become a singer「彼女は歌手になることに憧れていた」(かのじょはかしゅになることにあこがれていた). The nuance of '憧れ' often carries a positive and romanticized tone, emphasizing the beauty or allure of the object of desire.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5022

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Yearn

Reading

Kanji

憧Yearn, Long for

Explanation

The Japanese verb '憧れる (あこがれる)' means 'to yearn' or 'to long for'. It is used to express a deep admiration or desire for something or someone, often with a sense of idealization. This verb is commonly used when talking about aspirations, dreams, or admiration for a person, lifestyle, or achievement. For example: I yearn to become a musician「私はミュージシャンに憧れている」(わたしはミュージシャンにあこがれている). She yearns for a life in Paris「彼女はパリでの生活に憧れている」(かのじょはパリでのせいかつにあこがれている). The verb often carries a nuance of something being slightly out of reach or idealized.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5025

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Drown

Reading

Kanji

溺Drown, Indulge

Explanation

The Japanese verb '溺れる (おぼれる)' primarily means 'to drown'. It refers to the act of being submerged in water and unable to breathe, often leading to suffocation. However, it can also be used metaphorically to describe being overwhelmed by emotions or circumstances. For example: He drowned in the river「彼は川で溺れた」(かれはかわでおぼれた). She is drowning in work「彼女は仕事に溺れている」(かのじょはしごとにおぼれている). The verb can be used in both literal and figurative contexts, making it versatile in expressing situations of being overwhelmed or consumed.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5026

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Neglect

Reading

Kanji

御Honorable, General honorific term 無Nothing 沙Sand 汰Select

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '御無沙汰 (ごぶさた)' refers to the act of neglecting to contact someone or not being in touch for a long time. It is often used in polite expressions to apologize for not having been in contact. For example: I'm sorry for not being in touch「ご無沙汰しております」(ごぶさたしております). It's been a long time since we last met「久しぶりに会いましたね」(ひさしぶりにあいましたね). This term is commonly used in formal or semi-formal contexts to express regret for not maintaining communication.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5030

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vague

Reading

Kanji

曖Dark, Not clear 昧Dark, Foolish

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '曖昧 (あいまい)' means 'vague' or 'ambiguous'. It is used to describe something that is unclear, not well-defined, or open to interpretation. This word can be applied to statements, ideas, situations, or even feelings. For example: His explanation was vague「彼の説明は曖昧だった」(かれのせつめいはあいまいだった). The meaning of this sentence is ambiguous「この文の意味は曖昧だ」(このぶんのいみはあいまいだ). '曖昧' often carries a slightly negative connotation, implying a lack of clarity or precision. It is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5038

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cowardly

Reading

Kanji

臆Cowardice 病Illness

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '臆病 (おくびょう)' means 'cowardly'. It is used to describe someone who lacks courage or is easily frightened. This term often carries a negative connotation, implying timidity or fearfulness in situations where bravery is expected. For example: he is too cowardly to face the challenge「彼は臆病でその挑戦に立ち向かえない」(かれはおくびょうでそのちょうせんにたちむかえない). Don't be so cowardly!「そんなに臆病にならないで！」(そんなにおくびょうにならないで！). The word can also describe a cautious or overly timid approach to something, such as 'a cowardly attitude' (臆病な態度, おくびょうなたいど).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5039

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wheelchair

Reading

Kanji

車Car 椅Chair 子Child

Explanation

The Japanese noun '車椅子 (くるまいす)' refers to a 'wheelchair', a chair with wheels used by people who have difficulty walking or cannot walk. This term is commonly used in medical, caregiving, and everyday contexts. For example: He uses a wheelchair「彼は車椅子を使っています」(かれはくるまいすをつかっています). The hospital provides wheelchairs「病院は車椅子を提供しています」(びょういんはくるまいすをていきょうしています). The word is a combination of '車 (くるま)' meaning 'vehicle' or 'wheel' and '椅子 (いす)' meaning 'chair', emphasizing its function as a mobility aid.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5040

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Refreshing

Reading

Kanji

爽Refreshing

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '爽やか (さわやか)' means 'refreshing'. It is often used to describe something that feels fresh, clear, or invigorating, such as weather, a person's demeanor, or a taste. For example: The morning air is refreshing「朝の空気は爽やかです」(あさのくうきはさわやかです). He has a refreshing personality「彼は爽やかな性格です」(かれはさわやかなせいかくです). This word can also imply a sense of clarity or cleanliness, both physically and emotionally. It is commonly used in positive contexts to describe things that uplift or energize.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5046

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Perfection

Reading

Kanji

完Complete 璧Ball, Sphere

Explanation

The Japanese noun '完璧 (かんぺき)' means 'perfection'. It is used to describe something that is flawless, complete, or without any defects. This word is often used to emphasize the high quality or ideal state of something. For example: Her performance was perfect「彼女のパフォーマンスは完璧だった」(かのじょのパフォーマンスはかんぺきだった). This plan is flawless「このプランは完璧だ」(このプランはかんぺきだ). The word can also be used sarcastically or ironically to imply that something is too perfect or unrealistic. It is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5081

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Kick

Reading

Kanji

蹴Kick

Explanation

The Japanese verb '蹴る (ける)' means 'to kick'. It is used to describe the action of striking or hitting something with the foot. This verb can be used in both literal and figurative contexts. For example: he kicked the ball「彼はボールを蹴った」(かれはボールをけった). She kicked the habit「彼女はその癖を蹴った」(かのじょはそのくせをけった). In the second example, '蹴る' is used figuratively to mean 'to quit' or 'to give up' a habit. The verb can also be used in various forms to indicate different tenses or levels of politeness.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5204

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rice cake

Reading

Kanji

餅Mochi rice cake

Explanation

The Japanese noun '餅 (もち)' refers to a traditional Japanese food made from glutinous rice that has been pounded into a sticky, elastic mass. It is often shaped into round or rectangular forms and can be eaten in various ways, such as grilled, boiled, or as part of soups and desserts. '餅' is particularly associated with Japanese New Year celebrations, where it is used in dishes like 'お雑煮 (おぞうに)' (ozōni), a soup containing mochi. Example sentences include: I ate a rice cake「餅を食べた」(もちをたべた). Rice cakes are sticky「餅は粘り気がある」(もちはねばりけがある).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5240

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Jealousy

Reading

Kanji

嫉Envy, Jealous 妬Envy, Jealous

Explanation

The Japanese noun '嫉妬 (しっと)' means 'jealousy'. It refers to the feeling of envy or resentment towards someone because of their advantages, achievements, or possessions. This word is often used in contexts involving relationships, competition, or personal insecurities. For example: She felt jealousy towards her friend「彼女は友達に嫉妬を感じた」(かのじょはともだちにしっとをかんじた). His success caused jealousy among his colleagues「彼の成功は同僚の間に嫉妬を引き起こした」(かれのせいこうはどうりょうのあいだにしっとをひきおこした). The word can also imply a sense of bitterness or ill will, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5427

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Intense

Reading

Kanji

凄Nifty

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '凄まじい (すさまじい)' means 'intense' or 'terrific'. It is used to describe something that is extremely powerful, severe, or impressive, often in a way that is overwhelming or awe-inspiring. This word can be used to describe natural phenomena, emotions, or actions. For example: the storm was intense「嵐が凄まじかった」(あらしがすさまじかった). His determination is intense「彼の決意は凄まじい」(かれのけついはすさまじい). It can also carry a nuance of something being fearsome or terrifying, depending on the context. For instance: the battle was fierce「戦いは凄まじかった」(たたかいはすさまじかった).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5543

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bully

Reading

Kanji

苛Bullying

Explanation

The Japanese verb '苛める (いじめる)' means 'to bully'. This verb is used to describe the act of tormenting, teasing, or harassing someone, often repeatedly and with the intention to cause distress. It can be used in various contexts, such as school bullying, workplace harassment, or even playful teasing among friends (though the latter is less common). For example: He bullies his classmates「彼はクラスメートをいじめる」(かれはクラスメートをいじめる). Don't bully others「他人をいじめるな」(たにんをいじめるな). The verb often carries a negative connotation and is associated with harmful behavior.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5573

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Storm

Reading

Kanji

嵐Storm

Explanation

The Japanese noun '嵐 (あらし)' means 'storm'. It refers to a violent disturbance of the atmosphere with strong winds, rain, thunder, or snow. This word can be used to describe both literal weather phenomena and metaphorical situations, such as emotional turmoil or chaotic events. For example: a storm is coming「嵐が来る」(あらしがくる). The meeting was a storm of emotions「会議は感情の嵐だった」(かいぎはかんじょうのあらしだった). The word can also be used in names, such as the popular boy band 'ARASHI', symbolizing their powerful impact on the entertainment industry.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5626

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Turtle, Tortoise

Reading

Kanji

亀Turtle

Explanation

The Japanese noun '亀 (かめ)' refers to a turtle or tortoise. It is used to describe the reptile known for its hard shell and slow movement. In Japanese culture, turtles are often associated with longevity and good fortune. For example: I saw a turtle at the zoo「動物園で亀を見た」(どうぶつえんでかめをみた). The tortoise is walking slowly「亀がゆっくり歩いている」(かめがゆっくりあるいている). Note that while 'turtle' and 'tortoise' are distinct in English, '亀' can refer to both in Japanese, with context often clarifying the specific type.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5658

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bullying

Reading

Kanji

苛Bullying

Explanation

The Japanese noun '苛め (いじめ)' refers to the act of bullying, which involves repeated aggressive behavior intended to hurt or intimidate someone, often someone perceived as weaker. This term is commonly used in schools, workplaces, and other social settings. Example sentences: Bullying is a serious problem「苛めは深刻な問題です」(いじめはしんこくなもんだいです). He was a victim of bullying「彼は苛めの被害者でした」(かれはいじめのひがいしゃでした). The word carries a strong negative connotation and is often discussed in the context of prevention and intervention.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5715

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Matter, News

Reading

Kanji

沙Sand 汰Select

Explanation

The Japanese noun '沙汰 (さた)' can mean 'matter' or 'news', depending on the context. It is often used to refer to an event, incident, or piece of information that is noteworthy or requires attention. For example: I heard about the matter「その沙汰を聞いた」(そのさたをきいた). There's no news from him「彼からの沙汰がない」(かれからのさたがない). The word can also imply something that is being discussed or judged, as in '世間の沙汰 (せけんのさた) (public judgment)'. It is a somewhat formal or old-fashioned term, often used in written or formal spoken contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5797

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Paper

Reading

Kanji

箋Stationery

Explanation

The Japanese noun '箋 (せん)' refers to a small piece of paper, often used for writing notes, labels, or memos. It can also refer to a slip of paper used in traditional Japanese contexts, such as for writing poetry or as a bookmark. For example: I wrote a note on a slip of paper「箋にメモを書いた」(せんにめもをかいた). The poem was written on a small piece of paper「その詩は箋に書かれていた」(そのしはせんにかかれていた). This word is often used in formal or literary contexts and is less common in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6060

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Core

Reading

Kanji

芯Wick

Explanation

The Japanese noun '芯 (しん)' refers to the core or central part of something. It can be used literally, such as the core of a fruit or the wick of a candle, or metaphorically, to describe the central or essential part of an idea or concept. For example: the core of an apple「リンゴの芯」(りんごのしん). The wick of a candle「ろうそくの芯」(ろうそくのしん). In a metaphorical sense, it can describe the essence or heart of a matter, such as 'the core of the problem'「問題の芯」(もんだいのしん). This word is often used in both everyday and technical contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6075

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fist

Reading

Kanji

拳Fist

Explanation

The Japanese noun '拳 (こぶし)' refers to a 'fist', the hand when the fingers are tightly closed. It is commonly used in contexts related to physical actions, such as punching or holding something tightly. For example: he clenched his fist「彼は拳を握った」(かれはこぶしをにぎった). She hit the table with her fist「彼女は拳でテーブルを叩いた」(かのじょはこぶしでテーブルをたたいた). The word can also appear in idiomatic expressions or martial arts terminology, emphasizing strength or determination.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6155

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Noodles

Reading

Kanji

麺Noodles, Wheat flour

Explanation

The Japanese noun '麺 (めん)' refers to 'noodles', a staple in Japanese cuisine. This term broadly encompasses various types of noodles, including soba, udon, and ramen. It is commonly used in contexts related to food and dining. For example: I ate noodles for lunch「昼ご飯に麺を食べた」(ひるごはんにめんをたべた). This restaurant serves delicious noodles「このレストランは美味しい麺を出す」(このレストランはおいしいめんをだす). The word '麺' is often seen in menus and food-related discussions, highlighting its importance in Japanese culinary culture.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6352

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Envious

Reading

Kanji

羨Jealousy, Envy

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '羨ましい (うらやましい)' means 'envious'. It is used to express a feeling of envy or jealousy towards someone else's possessions, qualities, or circumstances. This word is often used in social contexts where one person has something that another person desires. For example: I am envious of your new car「あなたの新しい車が羨ましい」(あなたのあたらしいくるまがうらやましい). She is envious of her friend's success「彼女は友達の成功を羨ましいと思っている」(かのじょはともだちのせいこうをうらやましいとおもっている). It is important to note that while '羨ましい' can sometimes carry a negative connotation, it can also be used in a more light-hearted or joking manner among friends.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6508

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Basket

Reading

Kanji

籠Cage, Basket

Explanation

The Japanese noun '籠 (かご)' refers to a 'basket', typically made of woven materials like bamboo or straw. It is used to carry or store items, and can vary in size and shape depending on its purpose. For example: I bought a basket at the market「市場で籠を買いました」(いちばでかごをかいました). The fruits are in the basket「果物は籠の中です」(くだものはかごのなかです). This word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that holds or contains items, such as a 'basket of ideas'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6510

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

When

Reading

Kanji

何What 時Time, Hour 頃Approximate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '何時頃 (いつごろ)' means 'when' or 'around what time'. It is used to ask about an approximate time or period. This word is often used in casual conversations to inquire about the timing of events or actions. For example: When will you arrive?「何時頃に到着しますか？」(いつごろにとうちゃくしますか？). Around what time does the meeting start?「会議は何時頃始まりますか？」(かいぎはいつごろはじまりますか？). Note that '何時頃' is more casual and approximate compared to '何時 (なんじ)', which asks for a specific time.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6519

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Opportunity, Gap

Reading

Kanji

隙Crevice

Explanation

The Japanese noun '隙 (すき)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'gap', referring to a physical or metaphorical space between things. For example: there is a gap in the wall「壁に隙がある」(かべにすきがある). The second meaning is 'opportunity', often implying a chance or opening that can be taken advantage of. For example: he found an opportunity to speak「彼は話す隙を見つけた」(かれははなすすきをみつけた). The word can also imply a moment of vulnerability or weakness, as in '隙をつく (すきをつく)', which means to exploit someone's weakness or inattention. This dual meaning makes '隙' a versatile word in Japanese, used in both literal and figurative contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6543

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sleeve

Reading

Kanji

袖Sleeve

Explanation

The Japanese noun '袖 (そで)' refers to the 'sleeve' of a piece of clothing. It is commonly used to describe the part of a garment that covers the arm. This word can also appear in idiomatic expressions or phrases, such as '袖を引く (そでをひく)', which means 'to tug at someone's sleeve' (often to get their attention). Example sentences: She rolled up her sleeves「彼女は袖をまくった」(かのじょはそでをまくった). The sleeves of this shirt are too long「このシャツの袖は長すぎる」(このシャツのそではながすぎる).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6573

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Monk

Reading

Kanji

僧Bonze, Buddhist priest 侶Follower, Companion

Explanation

The Japanese noun '僧侶 (そうりょ)' refers to a Buddhist monk or priest. This term is used to describe individuals who have dedicated their lives to religious practice within Buddhism, often living in temples and following a strict set of spiritual and ethical guidelines. For example: The monk is meditating「僧侶は瞑想しています」(そうりょはめいそうしています). The temple is home to many monks「その寺には多くの僧侶がいます」(そのてらにはおおくのそうりょがいます). It's important to note that '僧侶' specifically refers to Buddhist clergy and does not apply to religious figures in other traditions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6643

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Recently

Reading

Kanji

近Near 頃Approximate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '近頃 (ちかごろ)' means 'recently' or 'lately'. It is used to refer to a period of time that is close to the present, often implying a sense of change or something new. This word is commonly used in both casual and formal contexts. For example: I've been busy recently「近頃忙しいです」(ちかごろいそがしいです). The weather has been strange lately「近頃天気が変です」(ちかごろてんきがへんです). Note that '近頃' can sometimes carry a nuance of reflecting on a change or trend over a short period of time.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6644

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hem

Reading

Kanji

裾Hem

Explanation

The Japanese noun '裾 (すそ)' refers to the hem or edge of a piece of clothing, such as the bottom of a skirt, pants, or kimono. It can also metaphorically refer to the lower edge or base of something, like the foot of a mountain. For example: The hem of her dress is dirty「彼女のドレスの裾が汚れている」(かのじょのドレスのすそがよごれている). The foot of the mountain is covered in mist「山の裾が霧に包まれている」(やまのすそがきりにつつまれている). This word is commonly used in both literal and figurative contexts to describe the lower edge of an object or area.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6798

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Collapse, Be ruined

Reading

Kanji

潰Defile

Explanation

The Japanese verb '潰れる (つぶれる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'collapse', which refers to something physically breaking down or losing its shape, such as a building or an object. For example: the box collapsed under the weight「箱が重みで潰れた」(はこがおもみでつぶれた). The second meaning is 'be ruined', which refers to plans, businesses, or opportunities being destroyed or failing. For example: the business was ruined due to poor management「経営が悪くて会社が潰れた」(けいえいがわるくてかいしゃがつぶれた). This verb is often used in contexts where something is destroyed or rendered useless, either physically or metaphorically.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6828

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Twist

Reading

Kanji

捻Wrenching

Explanation

The Japanese verb '捻る (ひねる)' primarily means 'to twist'. It is used to describe the physical action of twisting something, such as turning a knob or wringing out a towel. It can also be used metaphorically to describe thinking hard or coming up with a clever idea. For example: He twisted the cap off the bottle「彼はボトルのキャップをひねった」(かれはボトルのキャップをひねった). She twisted her ankle while running「彼女は走っている間に足首をひねった」(かのじょははしっているあいだにあしくびをひねった). The writer twisted the plot to make it more interesting「作家はプロットをひねって面白くした」(さっかはプロットをひねっておもしろくした).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6931

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wipe

Reading

Kanji

拭Wipe

Explanation

The Japanese verb '拭う (ぬぐう)' means 'to wipe'. It is used to describe the action of removing something (like dirt, tears, or sweat) by wiping with a cloth, hand, or similar object. This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe removing or erasing something intangible, such as suspicion or a bad reputation. For example: she wiped her tears「彼女は涙を拭った」(かのじょはなみだをぬぐった). He wiped the table clean「彼はテーブルをきれいに拭った」(かれはテーブルをきれいにぬぐった). The company tried to wipe away the scandal「会社はスキャンダルを拭い去ろうとした」(かいしゃはスキャンダルをぬぐいさろうとした).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7045

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Elbow

Reading

Kanji

肘Arm, Elbow

Explanation

The Japanese noun '肘 (ひじ)' refers to the 'elbow', the joint connecting the upper and lower parts of the arm. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation and medical contexts. For example: my elbow hurts「私の肘が痛い」(わたしのひじがいたい). He leaned on his elbow「彼は肘をついた」(かれはひじをついた). The word can also appear in idiomatic expressions or proverbs, such as '肘を張る (ひじをはる)', which means to act stubbornly or assertively.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7106

Composition

kanji

Handwriting