Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Kanji JLPT Level

word

Meaning

Non existent

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '無い (ない)' means 'nonexistent' or 'not present'. It is used to indicate the absence of something or to negate the existence of an object, state, or condition. This word is often used in everyday conversation and can be attached to nouns or used independently. For example: There is no money「お金がない」(おかねがない). I have no time「時間がない」(じかんがない). It can also be used to express the lack of necessity or obligation, as in 'You don't have to go'「行かなくてもいい」(いかなくてもいい). Note that 'ない' is often used in negative sentences and can be combined with verbs to form negative conjugations, such as '食べない' (たべない) meaning 'do not eat'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

53

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Like

Reading

Kanji

的Target

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '的 (てき)' is used to turn nouns into adjectives, giving the meaning of 'like' or 'related to'. It is often used to describe something that has the characteristics or qualities of the noun it is attached to. For example: scientific「科学的」(かがくてき). This suffix is very versatile and can be used with a wide range of nouns to create new adjectives. Another example: romantic「ロマンチック的」(ロマンチックてき). It's important to note that '的' is not used alone as a word but always as a suffix attached to a noun.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

60

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Self

Reading

Kanji

自Self 分Minute, Part

Explanation

The Japanese noun '自分 (じぶん)' means 'self' and is used to refer to oneself in a general sense. It can be used in various contexts to indicate the speaker or the person being referred to. It is often used in reflexive contexts or when emphasizing one's own actions or feelings. For example: I did it myself「自分でやりました」(じぶんでやりました). He always thinks about himself「彼はいつも自分のことを考えている」(かれはいつもじぶんのことをかんがえている). Note that '自分' can sometimes be used to refer to others in certain contexts, especially in group settings or when speaking about someone in a respectful manner.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

83

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Understand

Reading

Kanji

分Minute, Part

Explanation

The Japanese verb '分かる (わかる)' means 'to understand' or 'to comprehend'. It is used to express the realization or grasp of information, knowledge, or a situation. This verb is often used in everyday conversations to indicate that someone has understood something. For example: I understand the problem「問題が分かる」(もんだいがわかる). Do you understand Japanese?「日本語が分かりますか？」(にほんごがわかりますか？). It can also imply a sense of realization, as in 'I see' or 'I get it'. Note that '分かる' is an intransitive verb, so it does not take a direct object with the particle 'を'. Instead, it often uses 'が' to mark the subject of understanding.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

88

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Who

Reading

Kanji

誰Who

Explanation

The Japanese pronoun '誰 (だれ)' means 'who'. It is used to ask about the identity of a person or people. This pronoun is commonly used in questions to inquire about someone's name, role, or identity. For example: Who is that person?「あの人は誰ですか？」(あのひとはだれですか？). Who ate the cake?「誰がケーキを食べたの？」(だれがケーキをたべたの？). It can also be used in statements when the identity is unknown or unspecified, such as 'I don't know who did it'「誰がやったのかわからない」(だれがやったのかわからない). Note that '誰' is neutral and can be used in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

pronoun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

179

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Time, Period

Reading

Kanji

頃Approximate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '頃 (ころ)' refers to a specific time or period, often implying a general or approximate time frame rather than an exact moment. It is commonly used to describe a period in the past, present, or future, and can be associated with seasons, events, or life stages. For example: around this time last year「去年のこの頃」(きょねんのこのころ). When I was a child「子供の頃」(こどものころ). It can also be used to indicate a suitable or appropriate time for something, as in 'it's about time to leave'「そろそろ帰る頃だ」(そろそろかえるころだ). The word carries a nuance of vagueness, making it useful for expressing general time frames without precision.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

202

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

I

Reading

Kanji

俺Me, I

Explanation

The Japanese pronoun '俺 (おれ)' is a casual and masculine way to say 'I'. It is commonly used by men in informal settings, such as among friends or family, and can convey a sense of toughness or assertiveness. However, it is considered rude or inappropriate in formal situations or when speaking to someone of higher status. For example: I will do it「俺がやる」(おれがやる). I am strong「俺は強い」(おれはつよい). Note that women typically do not use this pronoun, as it is strongly associated with male speech.

Part Of Speech

pronoun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

210

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Possible

Reading

Kanji

能Ability 可Possible

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '可能 (かのう)' means 'possible'. It is used to describe something that can be done or achieved, or something that has the potential to happen. This word is often used in formal or technical contexts. For example: it is possible to finish this project by tomorrow「このプロジェクトは明日までに終わらせることは可能です」(このプロジェクトはあしたまでにおわらせることはかのうです). Is it possible to change the schedule?「スケジュールを変更することは可能ですか？」(スケジュールをへんこうすることはかのうですか？). Note that '可能' is often used in combination with verbs to express the possibility of doing something, as in '可能にする (かのうにする)' (to make possible).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

213

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Part

Reading

Kanji

部Section, Department 分Minute, Part

Explanation

The Japanese noun '部分 (ぶぶん)' means 'part'. It refers to a section or portion of a whole, and can be used in various contexts, such as physical objects, abstract concepts, or even time. For example: this is the most important part「これが最も重要な部分です」(これがもっともじゅうようなぶぶんです). I only understood part of the story「話の部分しか理解できなかった」(はなしのぶぶんしかりかいできなかった). The word is often used in combination with other nouns to specify a particular part, such as '車の部分 (くるまのぶぶん) (part of the car)' or '計画の部分 (けいかくのぶぶん) (part of the plan)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

336

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Body

Reading

Kanji

身Body, Self

Explanation

The Japanese noun '身 (み)' primarily means 'body'. It refers to the physical form of a person or animal. However, it can also be used metaphorically to refer to one's self or one's life. For example: protect your body「身を守りなさい」(みをまもりなさい). He risked his life「彼は身を危険にさらした」(かれはみをきけんにさらした). Additionally, '身' can sometimes refer to the flesh of fruits or the edible part of something, as in 'the flesh of the fruit is sweet「果物の身は甘い」(くだもののみはあまい)'. This word is versatile and context-dependent, so its meaning can shift slightly based on usage.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

357

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Self

Reading

Kanji

自Self 身Body, Self

Explanation

The Japanese noun '自身 (じしん)' means 'self' or 'oneself'. It is used to emphasize the subject or object of a sentence, often to indicate that the action or state is directly related to the person or thing in question. It can be used in various contexts, such as personal responsibility, self-reflection, or to stress individuality. For example: I will do it myself「私は自身でやります」(わたしはじしんでやります). He himself said so「彼自身がそう言いました」(かれじしんがそういいました). The word can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as in 'the problem itself'「問題自身」(もんだいじしん).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

393

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Quite

Reading

Kanji

成Become 可Possible

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '可成 (かなり)' means 'quite' or 'fairly'. It is used to indicate a significant degree or extent of something, often implying that the degree is more than expected but not extreme. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: It's quite cold today「今日は可成寒い」(きょうはかなりさむい). She is quite skilled「彼女は可成上手だ」(かのじょはかなりじょうずだ). Note that '可成' is often written in hiragana as 'かなり' in modern usage, and it can modify adjectives, verbs, or nouns to express a moderate but noticeable level.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

407

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Part

Reading

Kanji

分Minute, Part

Explanation

The Japanese noun '分 (ぶん)' primarily means 'part' or 'portion'. It is used to indicate a segment or division of something, often in the context of time, space, or quantity. For example: I will do my part「私の分をやります」(わたしのぶんをやります). This is your portion「これはあなたの分です」(これはあなたのぶんです). Additionally, '分' can also be used in expressions related to understanding or comprehension, such as '分かる (わかる)' which means 'to understand'. However, in this context, '分' alone refers specifically to a part or portion.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

409

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Without

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '無 (む)' means 'without' or 'lack of'. It is commonly attached to nouns to negate their meaning, indicating the absence of something. For example: meaningless「無意味」(むいみ). It can also imply a state of being free from something, such as in '無料 (むりょう)', meaning 'free of charge'. Example sentences: This is a meaningless conversation「これは無意味な会話です」(これはむいみなかいわです). The museum is free of charge today「今日、博物館は無料です」(きょう、はくぶつかんはむりょうです).

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

417

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Purpose, Goal

Reading

Kanji

目Eye 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese noun '目的 (もくてき)' refers to an aim, objective, or intention behind an action or plan. It can be used in various contexts, such as personal goals, project objectives, or the purpose of an event. For example: The purpose of this meeting is to discuss the budget「この会議の目的は予算について話し合うことです」(このかいぎのもくてきはよさんについてはなしあうことです). My goal is to become fluent in Japanese「私の目的は日本語を流暢に話せるようになることです」(わたしのもくてきはにほんごをりゅうちょうにはなせるようになることです). Note that '目的' often implies a specific, concrete aim, distinguishing it from more abstract terms like '理由 (りゆう)' (reason).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

443

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Enough

Reading

Kanji

十Ten 分Minute, Part

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '十分 (じゅうぶん)' means 'enough' or 'sufficient'. It is used to indicate that something is adequate or satisfactory in quantity, quality, or degree. This word can be used in various contexts, such as describing time, resources, or effort. For example: I have enough time「時間は十分です」(じかんはじゅうぶんです). This meal is sufficient「この食事は十分です」(このしょくじはじゅうぶんです). It can also be used to express that no further action is needed, as in 'That's enough, thank you'「十分です、ありがとう」(じゅうぶんです、ありがとう).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

479

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Amazing

Reading

Kanji

凄Nifty

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '凄い (すごい)' primarily means 'amazing' or 'incredible'. It is used to express awe, admiration, or surprise at something extraordinary, whether positive or negative. For example: That movie was amazing「あの映画は凄かった」(あのえいがはすごかった). He is incredibly fast「彼は凄く速い」(かれはすごくはやい). The word can also be used colloquially to mean 'very' or 'really', as in '凄く暑い (すごくあつい) (really hot)'. It is a versatile word often used in casual conversation to emphasize intensity or impressiveness.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

665

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Impossible

Reading

Kanji

理Reason 無Nothing

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '無理 (むり)' means 'impossible' or 'unreasonable'. It is often used to describe situations, requests, or actions that are beyond one's capability or are too demanding. It can also imply that something is forced or done against one's will. For example: It's impossible to finish this by tomorrow「これを明日までに終わらせるのは無理だ」(これをあしたまでにおわらせるのはむりだ). Don't push yourself too hard; it's unreasonable「無理をしないで」(むりをしないで). The word can also be used to describe something that is physically or mentally straining, as in '無理な要求 (むりなようきゅう) (unreasonable demand)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

726

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Disappear, Runout

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing

Explanation

The Japanese verb '無くなる (なくなる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to disappear', referring to something vanishing or ceasing to exist. For example: my keys disappeared「鍵が無くなった」(かぎがなくなった). The second meaning is 'to run out', referring to the depletion of something. For example: the milk ran out「牛乳が無くなった」(ぎゅうにゅうがなくなった). This verb is often used in everyday conversation to describe the loss or exhaustion of items, feelings, or states.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

765

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Without

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '無し (なし)' means 'without'. It is used to indicate the absence or lack of something. This word is often used in combination with other nouns to express the idea of something being missing or not present. For example: sugar without milk「ミルク無しの砂糖」(ミルクなしのさとう). A life without worries「心配無しの生活」(しんぱいなしのせいかつ). It can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as in the phrase '無しで済む (なしですむ)', which means 'to manage without'. Note that '無し' is often written in hiragana as 'なし' in modern Japanese, especially in casual contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

778

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Body

Reading

Kanji

身Body, Self 体Body

Explanation

The Japanese noun '身体 (しんたい)' refers to the physical body of a living being. It is often used in formal or medical contexts to describe the body as a whole, including its structure and functions. For example: Take care of your body「身体を大切にしてください」(しんたいをたいせつにしてください). His body is strong「彼の身体は強い」(かれのしんたいはつよい). The term can also be used in a more abstract sense to refer to the physical aspect of existence, as opposed to the mind or spirit. It is important to note that '身体' is more formal than the more commonly used word '体 (からだ)', which also means 'body' but is used in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

796

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Okay

Reading

Kanji

大Big 夫Man, Husband 丈Stout, Length

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '大丈夫 (だいじょうぶ)' means 'okay' or 'all right'. It is commonly used to express that something is fine, safe, or not a problem. It can also be used to reassure someone or to confirm that everything is going well. For example: Are you okay?「大丈夫ですか？」(だいじょうぶですか？). It's okay, don't worry「大丈夫、心配しないで」(だいじょうぶ、しんぱいしないで). This word is versatile and can be used in various contexts, such as checking on someone's well-being, confirming the safety of a situation, or reassuring someone about a potential concern.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

816

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Probably

Reading

Kanji

多Many 分Minute, Part

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '多分 (たぶん)' means 'probably' or 'perhaps'. It is used to express uncertainty or likelihood about a situation or event. This word is commonly used in casual conversations and can be placed at the beginning or middle of a sentence. For example: He will probably come tomorrow「多分彼は明日来る」(たぶんかれはあしたくる). It will probably rain「多分雨が降る」(たぶんあめがふる). Note that '多分' conveys a sense of speculation and is less definitive than words like 'きっと' (certainly).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1008

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mood

Reading

Kanji

気Spirit 分Minute, Part

Explanation

The Japanese noun '気分 (きぶん)' refers to one's mood or emotional state. It can describe how someone feels emotionally or physically at a given moment. For example: I'm in a good mood today「今日は気分がいい」(きょうはきぶんがいい). She's in a bad mood「彼女は気分が悪い」(かのじょはきぶんがわるい). Additionally, '気分' can also refer to the atmosphere or vibe of a place or situation, such as: The atmosphere here is relaxing「ここは気分が落ち着く」(ここはきぶんがおちつく). Note that '気分' is often used in contexts related to emotional well-being or the general feeling of a situation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1014

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Slightly, Barely

Reading

Kanji

僅A wee bit

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '僅か (わずか)' is used to indicate a small amount or degree. It can mean 'slightly' or 'barely', depending on the context. This word is often used to emphasize how little or minimal something is. For example: The difference is slight「その違いは僅かだ」(そのちがいはわずかだ). He barely passed the exam「彼は僅かに試験に合格した」(かれはわずかにしけんにごうかくした). Note that '僅か' can also be used as a noun, as in '僅かな時間 (わずかなじかん) (a little time)'.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1041

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Korea

Reading

Kanji

韓Korea 国Country

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun '韓国 (かんこく)' refers to 'Korea', specifically South Korea. It is used to denote the country, its culture, people, or anything related to it. For example: I want to visit Korea「韓国に行きたい」(かんこくにいきたい). Korean food is delicious「韓国料理は美味しい」(かんこくりょうりはおいしい). The term is commonly used in everyday conversation and media when discussing South Korea. Note that '韓国' specifically refers to South Korea, while North Korea is referred to as '北朝鮮 (きたちょうせん)'.

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1168

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cute

Reading

Kanji

愛Love 可Possible

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '可愛い (かわいい)' means 'cute'. It is commonly used to describe something or someone that is endearing, charming, or attractive in a sweet or innocent way. This word is often used to describe babies, animals, or objects that evoke a sense of affection. For example: That puppy is cute「あの子犬は可愛い」(あのこいぬはかわいい). She is very cute「彼女はとても可愛い」(かのじょはとてもかわいい). The word can also be used in a broader sense to describe something that is appealing or likable, such as a cute design or a cute gesture.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1210

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Grasp

Reading

Kanji

捉Catch

Explanation

The Japanese verb '捉える (とらえる)' means 'to grasp' or 'to capture'. It is used to describe the act of physically catching or holding onto something, as well as metaphorically understanding or perceiving something. For example: He grasped the concept quickly「彼はその概念をすぐに捉えた」(かれはそのがいねんをすぐにとらえた). The police captured the criminal「警察は犯人を捉えた」(けいさつははんにんをとらえた). This verb can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as capturing an image or idea in one's mind.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1218

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Strange, Funny

Reading

Kanji

笑Laugh 可Possible

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '可笑しい (おかしい)' can mean both 'funny' and 'strange', depending on the context. When used to describe something as 'funny', it refers to something that is humorous or amusing. For example: That joke was funny「その冗談は可笑しかった」(そのじょうだんはおかしかった). When used to describe something as 'strange', it refers to something that is odd, unusual, or out of the ordinary. For example: His behavior is strange「彼の行動は可笑しい」(かれのこうどうはおかしい). The nuance of the word can shift based on tone and context, so it's important to pay attention to how it's used in conversation.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1247

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Smell

Reading

Kanji

匂Fragrance, Scent

Explanation

The Japanese noun '匂い (におい)' refers to a 'smell' or 'scent'. It can describe both pleasant and unpleasant odors, depending on the context. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation to talk about the scent of food, flowers, or even people. For example: The smell of flowers is nice「花の匂いがいい」(はなのにおいがいい). There's a strange smell in this room「この部屋は変な匂いがする」(このへやはへんなにおいがする). The nuance of '匂い' can sometimes imply a subtle or faint scent, as opposed to a strong or overpowering odor.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1299

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Concrete

Reading

Kanji

的Target 体Body 具Tool

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '具体的 (ぐたいてき)' means 'concrete' or 'specific'. It is used to describe something that is tangible, clear, or well-defined, as opposed to abstract or vague. This term is often used in discussions, explanations, or plans to emphasize clarity and detail. For example: Please give me a concrete example「具体的な例を教えてください」(ぐたいてきなれいをおしえてください). The plan needs to be more specific「その計画はもっと具体的にする必要がある」(そのけいかくはもっとぐたいてきにするひつようがある). Note that '具体的' is often followed by the particle 'な' when modifying a noun, as in '具体的な説明 (ぐたいてきなせつめい) (concrete explanation)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1358

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Half

Reading

Kanji

半Half 分Minute, Part

Explanation

The Japanese noun '半分 (はんぶん)' means 'half'. It is used to describe one of two equal parts of something. This word is commonly used in everyday conversations, such as dividing food, time, or objects. For example: I ate half of the cake「ケーキの半分を食べた」(ケーキのはんぶんをたべた). Let's split the work in half「仕事を半分に分けよう」(しごとをはんぶんにわけよう). The word can also be used metaphorically, as in 'half of my heart is broken'「私の心の半分は壊れている」(わたしのこころのはんぶんはこわれている).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1360

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Field

Reading

Kanji

野Field 分Minute, Part

Explanation

The Japanese noun '分野 (ぶんや)' refers to a specific 'field' or 'area' of study, expertise, or activity. It is commonly used to describe a particular domain or sector, such as academic disciplines, professional areas, or specialized interests. For example: He is an expert in the field of medicine「彼は医学の分野の専門家です」(かれはいがくのぶんやのせんもんかです). This research covers various fields「この研究はさまざまな分野をカバーしています」(このけんきゅうはさまざまなぶんやをかばーしています). The word can also imply a scope or range within which something operates or is relevant.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1490

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Chair

Reading

Kanji

子Child 椅Chair

Explanation

The Japanese noun '椅子 (いす)' means 'chair'. This word refers to a piece of furniture designed for sitting, typically having a back and four legs. It is commonly used in everyday conversation and can refer to various types of chairs, such as office chairs, dining chairs, or armchairs. For example: Please sit on the chair「椅子に座ってください」(いすにすわってください). This chair is comfortable「この椅子は快適です」(このいすはかいてきです). The word '椅子' is straightforward and does not carry additional nuanced meanings, making it easy to use in various contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1569

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Divide, Separate

Reading

Kanji

分Minute, Part

Explanation

The Japanese verb '分ける (わける)' primarily means 'to divide' or 'to separate'. It is used to describe the action of splitting something into parts or distinguishing one thing from another. This verb can be applied to physical objects, groups of people, or abstract concepts. For example: let's divide the cake「ケーキを分けましょう」(ケーキをわけましょう). The river separates the two towns「その川が二つの町を分けている」(そのかわがふたつのまちをわけている). Note that '分ける' can also imply sharing, as in '分けてあげる (わけてあげる)' meaning 'to share with someone'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1661

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Quite

Reading

Kanji

随Follow, All 分Minute, Part

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '随分 (ずいぶん)' is used to express a considerable degree or extent of something, often implying that the degree is more than expected. It can be translated as 'quite', 'very', or 'considerably' in English. This word is often used in both positive and negative contexts, depending on the situation. For example: It's quite cold today「今日は随分寒いですね」(きょうはずいぶんさむいですね). She has changed quite a bit「彼女は随分変わった」(かのじょはずいぶんかわった). Note that '随分' can sometimes carry a nuance of surprise or unexpectedness, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1821

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Someone

Reading

Kanji

誰Who

Explanation

The Japanese noun '誰か (だれか)' means 'someone'. It is used to refer to an unspecified person, often when the speaker does not know or does not specify who the person is. It can be used in questions or statements. For example: Is someone there?「誰かいますか？」(だれかいますか？). I need someone to help me「誰か助けてくれる人が必要です」(だれかたすけてくれるひとがひつようです). Note that '誰か' is often used in contexts where the speaker is seeking assistance or trying to identify an unknown person.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1855

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Origin

Reading

Kanji

身Body, Self 出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '出身 (しゅっしん)' refers to a person's origin, birthplace, or where they come from. It is commonly used to describe someone's hometown, alma mater, or background. For example: I am from Tokyo「私は東京出身です」(わたしはとうきょうしゅっしんです). She is a graduate of Kyoto University「彼女は京都大学出身です」(かのじょはきょうとだいがくしゅっしんです). This word is often used in introductions or when discussing someone's background. It can also imply a sense of identity or pride in one's roots.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1862

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Disposal

Reading

Kanji

処Deal with 分Minute, Part

Explanation

The Japanese noun '処分 (しょぶん)' primarily means 'disposal'. It refers to the act of getting rid of something, often in the context of waste, unwanted items, or even abstract matters like responsibilities. For example: disposal of garbage「ゴミの処分」(ごみのしょぶん). The company decided on the disposal of old equipment「会社は古い設備の処分を決めた」(かいしゃはふるいせつびのしょぶんをきめた). In some contexts, it can also imply handling or dealing with a situation, but the core meaning revolves around the concept of disposal.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1936

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sashimi

Reading

Kanji

身Body, Self 刺Stab

Explanation

The Japanese noun '刺身 (さしみ)' refers to 'sashimi', a dish consisting of thinly sliced raw fish or seafood, often served with garnishes like shredded daikon radish and shiso leaves, and accompanied by soy sauce and wasabi. It is a staple in Japanese cuisine and highlights the freshness and quality of the seafood. Example sentences: I love sashimi「刺身が大好きです」(さしみがだいすきです). This restaurant serves delicious sashimi「このレストランは美味しい刺身を出します」(このレストランはおいしいさしみをだします). Sashimi is often eaten with soy sauce and wasabi「刺身は醤油とわさびと一緒に食べます」(さしみはしょうゆとわさびといっしょにたべます).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2001

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Knee

Reading

Kanji

膝Knee

Explanation

The Japanese noun '膝 (ひざ)' refers to the 'knee', the joint between the thigh and the lower leg. It is commonly used in everyday conversation and can describe both the physical body part and actions involving the knee. For example: My knee hurts「膝が痛い」(ひざがいたい). He sat on his knees「彼は膝をついて座った」(かれはひざをついてすわった). The word can also be used metaphorically, such as in the phrase '膝を抱く (ひざをだく)', which means to hug one's knees, often indicating a posture of reflection or sadness.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2062

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Makeup

Reading

Kanji

化Change 粧Cosmetics, Apply makeup

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '化粧 (けしょう)' primarily means 'makeup'. It refers to the act of applying cosmetics to enhance or alter one's appearance. This word is commonly used in contexts related to beauty, fashion, and personal grooming. For example: She is putting on makeup「彼女は化粧をしている」(かのじょはけしょうをしている). This store sells makeup「この店は化粧を売っている」(このみせはけしょうをうっている). Additionally, '化粧' can sometimes be used metaphorically to describe something being 'dressed up' or 'embellished', such as in the phrase '化粧直し (けしょうなおし)', which means 'touch-up' or 'refurbishment'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2089

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Panic

Reading

Kanji

慌Flurried, Disconcerted

Explanation

The Japanese verb '慌てる (あわてる)' means 'to panic' or 'to be flustered'. It describes a state of confusion or agitation, often due to unexpected events or urgency. This verb can be used in various situations, such as when someone is in a hurry, surprised, or overwhelmed. For example: Don't panic「慌てないで」(あわてないで). She panicked when she lost her wallet「彼女は財布をなくして慌てた」(かのじょはさいふをなくしてあわてた). The nuance of this verb often implies a lack of composure or calmness in response to a situation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2109

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Oversleeping

Reading

Kanji

寝Lie down, Go to sleep 坊Boy, Sonny

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '寝坊 (ねぼう)' refers to the act of oversleeping or waking up late. It is often used to describe someone who has slept longer than intended, causing them to be late for an appointment, work, or school. For example: I overslept this morning「今朝寝坊した」(けさねぼうした). Don't oversleep tomorrow「明日寝坊しないで」(あしたねぼうしないで). The term can also be used to describe a person who is habitually late due to oversleeping, as in '彼は寝坊だ (かれはねぼうだ) (He is a late riser).' It carries a slightly negative connotation, implying carelessness or lack of punctuality.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2129

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Darkness

Reading

Kanji

闇Darkness

Explanation

The Japanese noun '闇 (やみ)' means 'darkness'. It refers to the absence of light, often used to describe physical darkness, such as in a room or at night. It can also metaphorically represent emotional or moral darkness, such as despair, ignorance, or evil. For example: The room was filled with darkness「部屋は闇に包まれていた」(へやはやみにつつまれていた). He fell into the darkness of despair「彼は絶望の闇に落ちた」(かれはぜつぼうのやみにおちた). The word can also be used in idiomatic expressions, such as '闇取引 (やみとりひき)' (black market dealings).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2211

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pillow

Reading

Kanji

枕Pillow

Explanation

The Japanese noun '枕 (まくら)' refers to a 'pillow', which is a cushion used to support the head while sleeping. It is a common household item and is essential for comfort during rest. The word can also be used metaphorically or in idiomatic expressions, such as '枕を高くして寝る (まくらをたかくしてねる)', which means 'to sleep soundly without worries'. Example sentences: I bought a new pillow「新しい枕を買いました」(あたらしいまくらをかいました). This pillow is very soft「この枕はとても柔らかいです」(このまくらはとてもやわらかいです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2260

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Greeting

Reading

Kanji

挨Push open 拶Draw close, Be imminent

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '挨拶 (あいさつ)' primarily means 'greeting'. It refers to the act of greeting someone, which can include saying hello, goodbye, or other polite expressions. This word is deeply rooted in Japanese culture, emphasizing politeness and social harmony. It can also refer to formal speeches or remarks made at events. Example sentences: He gave a greeting「彼は挨拶をした」(かれはあいさつをした). Please say hello to everyone「みんなに挨拶してください」(みんなにあいさつしてください). In a formal setting, '挨拶' might refer to a speech: The president made an opening greeting「社長が開会の挨拶をした」(しゃちょうがかいかいのあいさつをした).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2270

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Long sleeve

Reading

Kanji

長Long, Leader 袖Sleeve

Explanation

The Japanese noun '長袖 (ながそで)' refers to 'long sleeves' or 'long-sleeved clothing'. It is commonly used to describe clothing items such as shirts, dresses, or jackets that have sleeves extending to the wrists. This term is often used in fashion or when discussing seasonal clothing, as long-sleeved garments are typically associated with cooler weather. For example: I bought a long-sleeve shirt「長袖のシャツを買いました」(ながそでのシャツをかいました). She prefers long-sleeve dresses in winter「彼女は冬に長袖のドレスを好む」(かのじょはふゆにながそでのドレスをこのむ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2287

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Short sleeve

Reading

Kanji

半Half 袖Sleeve

Explanation

The Japanese noun '半袖 (はんそで)' refers to 'short-sleeve' clothing, typically shirts or tops. It is commonly used to describe garments that have sleeves covering only the upper part of the arm, as opposed to full-length sleeves. For example: I bought a short-sleeve shirt「半袖のシャツを買いました」(はんそでのシャツをかいました). This short-sleeve shirt is comfortable「この半袖のシャツは快適です」(このはんそでのシャツはかいてきです). The term is often used in the context of summer clothing or casual wear.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2288

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Give up

Reading

Kanji

諦Abandon, Give up

Explanation

The Japanese verb '諦める (あきらめる)' means 'to give up' or 'to abandon'. It is used when someone decides to stop trying to achieve something because they believe it is no longer possible or worth the effort. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as giving up on a dream, a goal, or a relationship. For example: I gave up on the idea「その考えを諦めた」(そのかんがえをあきらめた). He gave up smoking「彼はタバコを諦めた」(かれはタバコをあきらめた). It's important to note that '諦める' often carries a sense of resignation or acceptance of reality, rather than just quitting without thought.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2316

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Side

Reading

Kanji

脇Armpit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '脇 (わき)' primarily means 'side', referring to the area beside or next to something. It is often used to describe the space adjacent to a person, object, or location. For example: He stood by my side「彼は私の脇に立った」(かれはわたしのわきにたった). The book is placed beside the lamp「本はランプの脇に置かれている」(ほんはランプのわきにおかれている). Additionally, '脇' can sometimes refer to the armpit in specific contexts, but this usage is less common and typically requires additional clarification. For example: She applied deodorant to her armpit「彼女は脇にデオドラントをつけた」(かのじょはわきにデオドラントをつけた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2339

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Key

Reading

Kanji

鍵Key

Explanation

The Japanese noun '鍵 (かぎ)' means 'key'. It refers to a physical object used to lock or unlock something, such as a door, a safe, or a car. This word is commonly used in everyday situations. For example: I lost my key「鍵をなくしました」(かぎをなくしました). Do you have the key to this door?「このドアの鍵を持っていますか？」(このドアのかぎをもっていますか？). Additionally, '鍵' can also metaphorically refer to something essential or crucial, as in 'the key to success' (成功の鍵, せいこうのかぎ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2492

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Part

Reading

Kanji

部Section, Department 分Minute, Part 一One

Explanation

The Japanese noun '一部分 (いちぶぶん)' means 'part' or 'portion'. It refers to a segment or section of a whole, often used to describe a fraction or a specific portion of something larger. For example: I read only a part of the book「私は本の一部分だけを読んだ」(わたしはほんのいちぶぶんだけをよんだ). This is just a part of the problem「これは問題の一部分に過ぎない」(これはもんだいのいちぶぶんにすぎない). The word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to indicate a subset of a larger entity.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2535

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Target, Aim

Reading

Kanji

狙Aim

Explanation

The Japanese verb '狙う (ねらう)' primarily means 'to aim' or 'to target'. It is used when focusing on a specific goal, object, or outcome. This verb can be applied in both literal and figurative contexts. For example, in sports, it can mean aiming for a target: He aimed for the goal「彼はゴールを狙った」(かれはゴールをねらった). In a strategic context, it can mean targeting an opportunity: The company is targeting the overseas market「その会社は海外市場を狙っている」(そのかいしゃはかいがいしじょうをねらっている). Note that '狙う' often implies a deliberate and focused effort toward achieving something.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2597

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Spring equinox

Reading

Kanji

春Spring 分Minute, Part

Explanation

The Japanese noun '春分 (しゅんぶん)' refers to the 'spring equinox', which is the day in spring when the day and night are of equal length. This term is often used in the context of seasons, astronomy, and traditional Japanese holidays. For example: The spring equinox is a national holiday in Japan「春分は日本の祝日です」(しゅんぶんはにほんのしゅくじつです). On the spring equinox, people visit their family graves「春分の日には、人々は先祖の墓参りをします」(しゅんぶんのひには、ひとびとはせんぞのはかまいりをします). The spring equinox marks the beginning of longer days「春分は日が長くなる始まりです」(しゅんぶんはひがながくなるはじまりです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2633

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Equinox, Autumnal

Reading

Kanji

秋Autumn 分Minute, Part

Explanation

The Japanese noun '秋分 (しゅうぶん)' refers to the 'autumnal equinox', a specific day in autumn when day and night are of approximately equal length. This term is often used in the context of seasons, astronomy, and traditional Japanese holidays. For example: The autumnal equinox is a national holiday in Japan「秋分は日本の祝日です」(しゅうぶんはにほんのしゅくじつです). On the autumnal equinox, we visit family graves「秋分の日には家族のお墓参りをします」(しゅうぶんのひにはかぞくのおはかまいりをします). The term is also used in phrases like '秋分の日 (しゅうぶんのひ)', which is the official name for the Autumnal Equinox Day holiday in Japan.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2639

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cheek

Reading

Kanji

頬Jaw, Cheeks

Explanation

The Japanese noun '頬 (ほお)' refers to the 'cheek', the part of the face below the eye and between the nose and ear. It is commonly used in everyday conversation and literature to describe this specific part of the face. For example: Her cheeks turned red「彼女の頬が赤くなった」(かのじょのほおがあかくなった). He gently touched her cheek「彼は優しく彼女の頬に触れた」(かれはやさしくかのじょのほおにふれた). The word can also be used metaphorically or in idiomatic expressions, such as '頬を染める (ほおをそめる)', which means 'to blush'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2669

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Field

Reading

Kanji

畑Field

Explanation

The Japanese noun '畑 (はたけ)' refers to a cultivated field, typically used for growing crops or vegetables. It is distinct from rice fields, which are referred to as '田 (た)'. This word is commonly used in agricultural contexts or when discussing farming. For example: The farmer works in the field「農夫は畑で働く」(のうふははたけではたらく). We grow vegetables in the field「私たちは畑で野菜を育てる」(わたしたちははたけでやさいをそだてる). Note that '畑' can also metaphorically refer to a specialized field of expertise, such as '彼は科学の畑で働いている (かれはかがくのはたけではたらいている)' (He works in the field of science).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2672

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Whole body

Reading

Kanji

身Body, Self 全Whole, All

Explanation

The Japanese noun '全身 (ぜんしん)' means 'whole body'. It refers to the entire body or all parts of the body collectively. This term is often used in medical, fitness, or descriptive contexts. For example: He felt pain all over his body「彼は全身に痛みを感じた」(かれはぜんしんにいたみをかんじた). The athlete trained his whole body「その選手は全身を鍛えた」(そのせんしゅはぜんしんをきたえた). It can also be used metaphorically to describe something affecting the entire body, such as '全身麻酔 (ぜんしんますい)' (general anesthesia).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2678

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Division, Classification

Reading

Kanji

区District 分Minute, Part

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '区分 (くぶん)' refers to the act of dividing or classifying something into distinct categories or sections. It is often used in contexts where organization or categorization is required, such as in administrative, academic, or logistical settings. For example: The books are divided by genre「本はジャンルで区分されています」(ほんはじゃんるでくぶんされています). We need to classify these documents「これらの書類を区分する必要があります」(これらのしょるいをくぶんするひつようがあります). Note that '区分' can also imply a systematic or logical separation, making it distinct from more casual terms like '分ける (わける)' which simply means 'to divide'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2715

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Divide, Split

Reading

Kanji

分Minute, Part

Explanation

The Japanese verb '分かれる (わかれる)' primarily means 'to divide' or 'to split'. It is used to describe situations where something separates into multiple parts, whether physically, conceptually, or in terms of opinions or paths. For example: the river divides here「川はここで分かれる」(かわはここでわかれる). Their opinions split on this issue「彼らの意見はこの問題で分かれた」(かれらのいけんはこのもんだいでわかれた). This verb can also be used metaphorically, such as when describing diverging paths or choices. Note that '分かれる' is an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object; the subject itself is what divides or splits.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2722

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Village

Reading

Kanji

里Hometown

Explanation

The Japanese noun '里 (さと)' refers to a 'village' or a rural area, often contrasting with urban areas. It carries a sense of nostalgia and simplicity, evoking images of traditional Japanese countryside life. This word is commonly used in literature and poetry to depict idyllic rural settings. For example: I returned to my hometown village「私は里に帰りました」(わたしはさとかえりました). The village is surrounded by mountains「里は山に囲まれている」(さとはやまにかこまれている). Additionally, '里' can sometimes refer to a foster home or a place where someone is raised, as in '里親 (さとおや)' (foster parent).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2731

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Free

Reading

Kanji

料Materials, Fee 無Nothing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '無料 (むりょう)' means 'free' in the sense of something being provided without charge. It is commonly used in contexts such as free services, free admission, or free items. For example: The museum is free today「今日は美術館が無料です」(きょうはびじゅつかんがむりょうです). This app is free to download「このアプリは無料でダウンロードできます」(このアプリはむりょうでダウンロードできます). Note that '無料' specifically refers to the absence of cost and should not be confused with '自由 (じゆう)', which means 'freedom'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2763

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Status

Reading

Kanji

身Body, Self 分Minute, Part

Explanation

The Japanese noun '身分 (みぶん)' refers to one's social status, position, or rank in society. It is often used to describe a person's standing in terms of class, occupation, or hierarchy. For example: His status is high「彼の身分は高い」(かれのみぶんはたかい). She hides her true status「彼女は本当の身分を隠している」(かのじょはほんとうのみぶんをかくしている). The word can also imply one's identity or background, particularly in historical or formal contexts. It is important to note that '身分' carries a nuanced understanding of societal roles and expectations, often tied to cultural or historical perspectives.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2800

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Buttocks

Reading

Kanji

尻Butt, Buttocks

Explanation

The Japanese noun '尻 (しり)' primarily refers to the 'buttocks' or 'rear end'. It is a common and straightforward term used in everyday language. However, it can also carry additional meanings depending on the context, such as the 'bottom' or 'end' of something (e.g., the end of a road or a piece of clothing). For example: He fell on his buttocks「彼は尻をついた」(かれはしりをついた). The bottom of the box is broken「箱の尻が壊れている」(はこのしりがこわれている). While the word is not inherently vulgar, it is best used in informal or casual settings. In formal contexts, alternative terms like '臀部 (でんぶ)' might be more appropriate.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2822

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Throat

Reading

Kanji

喉Throat

Explanation

The Japanese noun '喉 (のど)' refers to the 'throat'. It is commonly used to describe the anatomical part of the body that connects the mouth and nasal passages to the esophagus and larynx. This word is often used in contexts related to health, such as when someone has a sore throat or is experiencing dryness. For example: My throat is dry「喉が渇いた」(のどがかわいた). I have a sore throat「喉が痛い」(のどがいたい). Additionally, '喉' can be used metaphorically to describe something that is essential or vital, as in '喉から手が出るほど欲しい (のどからてがでるほどほしい)', which means 'to want something so badly that one's hand reaches out from their throat'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2833

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Helpless

Reading

Kanji

方Direction 仕Serve 無Nothing

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '仕方無い (しかたない)' means 'helpless' or 'it can't be helped'. It is used to express resignation or acceptance of a situation that cannot be changed or controlled. This word often conveys a sense of inevitability or lack of alternatives. For example: It can't be helped, we have to wait「仕方ない、待つしかない」(しかたない、まつしかない). There's nothing we can do about it「仕方ないことだ」(しかたないことだ). It is commonly used in casual conversations to express frustration or acceptance of an unavoidable outcome.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2880

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Of course, Naturally

Reading

Kanji

論Theory, Argument 無Nothing

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '無論 (むろん)' means 'naturally' or 'of course'. It is used to express something that is obvious or goes without saying. This word is often used in formal or written contexts to emphasize that something is self-evident or unquestionable. For example: Naturally, he agreed「無論、彼は同意した」(むろん、かれはどういした). Of course, I will help you「無論、手伝いますよ」(むろん、てつだいますよ). Note that '無論' is more formal than casual alternatives like 'もちろん'.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2889

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Scold

Reading

Kanji

叱Scold

Explanation

The Japanese verb '叱る (しかる)' means 'to scold' or 'to reprimand'. It is used when someone is being corrected or admonished for their behavior, often by someone in a position of authority, such as a parent, teacher, or boss. The tone can range from mild disapproval to strong rebuke. For example: The teacher scolded the student「先生は生徒を叱った」(せんせいはせいとをしかった). My mother scolded me for being late「母は私が遅れたことを叱った」(はははわたしがおくれたことをしかった). This verb is commonly used in situations where someone is being corrected for a mistake or misbehavior.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3053

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Contents

Reading

Kanji

中Center 身Body, Self

Explanation

The Japanese noun '中身 (なかみ)' refers to the contents or substance inside something. It can be used for physical objects, such as the contents of a box or bag, as well as abstract concepts, like the content of a discussion or the essence of a matter. For example: the contents of the box are fragile「箱の中身は壊れやすい」(はこのなかみはこわれやすい). The content of the meeting was confidential「会議の中身は秘密だった」(かいぎのなかみはひみつだった). This word emphasizes what is inside or the core of something, whether tangible or intangible.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3159

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Especially

Reading

Kanji

取Take 分Minute, Part

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '取り分け (とりわけ)' means 'especially' or 'particularly'. It is used to emphasize that something stands out more than others in a given context. This adverb is often used to highlight a specific aspect or item within a group or situation. For example: She is especially good at math「彼女は取り分け数学が得意だ」(かのじょはとりわけすうがくがとくいだ). This dish is particularly delicious「この料理は取り分け美味しい」(このりょうりはとりわけおいしい). The word can also imply a sense of distinction or uniqueness, making it useful for drawing attention to something noteworthy.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3180

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lose weight

Reading

Kanji

痩Thin

Explanation

The Japanese verb '痩せる (やせる)' means 'to lose weight' or 'to become thin'. It is used to describe the process of reducing body weight or becoming slimmer. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as describing someone's physical appearance or health. For example: I want to lose weight「痩せたい」(やせたい). She has lost weight recently「彼女は最近痩せた」(かのじょはさいきんやせた). It's important to note that this verb is often used in a neutral or positive context, but it can also imply concern if someone loses too much weight.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3184

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pot

Reading

Kanji

鍋Pot

Explanation

The Japanese noun '鍋 (なべ)' refers to a 'pot', typically used for cooking. It can describe various types of pots, such as those used for boiling, stewing, or frying. In Japanese cuisine, '鍋' is also associated with hot pot dishes, where ingredients are cooked together in a communal pot. Example sentences: I bought a new pot「新しい鍋を買いました」(あたらしいなべをかいました). Let's make hot pot tonight「今夜は鍋を作りましょう」(こんやはなべをつくりましょう). The pot is on the stove「鍋がコンロの上にあります」(なべがコンロのうえにあります).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3235

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Economical

Reading

Kanji

経Manage, Elapse 的Target 済Finish, Settle

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '経済的 (けいざいてき)' means 'economical'. It is used to describe something that is cost-effective, efficient, or financially prudent. This word is often used in contexts where saving money or resources is emphasized. For example: This car is economical「この車は経済的です」(このくるまはけいざいてきです). Using public transportation is economical「公共交通機関を使うのは経済的です」(こうきょうこうつうきかんをつかうのはけいざいてきです). The term can also imply a broader sense of efficiency, not just limited to financial savings.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3321

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Voluntary

Reading

Kanji

自Self 的Target 主Master

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '自主的 (じしゅてき)' means 'voluntary' or 'self-directed'. It is used to describe actions, behaviors, or decisions that are undertaken by one's own initiative, without external compulsion. This word often carries a positive connotation, emphasizing independence and self-motivation. For example: She made a voluntary decision to help「彼女は自主的に助けることにした」(かのじょはじしゅてきにたすけることにした). The students organized the event voluntarily「学生たちは自主的にイベントを企画した」(がくせいたちはじしゅてきにイベントをきかくした). It is commonly used in contexts related to education, work, or personal responsibility.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3322

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rational

Reading

Kanji

合Fit, Match 的Target 理Reason

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '合理的 (ごうりてき)' means 'rational' or 'logical'. It is used to describe something that is based on reason, logic, or efficiency. This word is often used in contexts where decisions, systems, or methods are being evaluated for their practicality or logical soundness. For example: His approach is very rational「彼のアプローチはとても合理的だ」(かれのアプローチはとてもごうりてきだ). This system is designed to be rational「このシステムは合理的に設計されている」(このシステムはごうりてきにせっけいされている). The term can also imply efficiency or being well-organized, as in '合理的な計画 (ごうりてきなけいかく) (rational plan)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3324

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Boy

Reading

Kanji

坊Boy, Sonny

Explanation

The Japanese noun '坊 (ぼう)' is a colloquial term that typically refers to a young boy or a son. It is often used affectionately or informally, and can sometimes carry a slightly playful or teasing tone. For example: my son is a good boy「うちの坊はいい子だ」(うちのぼうはいいこだ). That boy is very energetic「あの坊はとても元気だ」(あのぼうはとてもげんきだ). The term can also be used in compound words, such as '坊ちゃん (ぼっちゃん)', which means 'young master' or 'son of a wealthy family'. It's important to note that while '坊' can be used to refer to boys, it is not as formal as '少年 (しょうねん)' or '男の子 (おとこのこ)', and is more commonly used in casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3326

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Formal

Reading

Kanji

式Style, Ceremony 形Shape 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '形式的 (けいしきてき)' means 'formal'. It is used to describe something that adheres strictly to established forms, rules, or conventions, often implying a lack of genuine substance or feeling. For example: The meeting was just a formality「会議は形式的なものだった」(かいぎはけいしきてきなものだった). Their apology seemed formal and insincere「彼らの謝罪は形式的で誠意が感じられなかった」(かれらのしゃざいはけいしきてきでせいいがかんじられなかった). This word is often used in contexts where actions or procedures are done out of obligation rather than genuine intent.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3329

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Practical

Reading

Kanji

用Use 的Target 実Fruit, Truth

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '実用的 (じつようてき)' means 'practical'. It is used to describe something that is useful, functional, or suitable for everyday use. This word often emphasizes the utility or effectiveness of an object, idea, or method. For example: This tool is very practical「この道具はとても実用的です」(このどうぐはとてもじつようてきです). Her approach to problem-solving is practical「彼女の問題解決の方法は実用的です」(かのじょのもんだいかいけつのほうほうはじつようてきです). The word can also be used to describe designs, plans, or systems that are efficient and not overly complicated.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3330

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Feminine

Reading

Kanji

女Woman 的Target 性Gender, Sex

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '女性的 (じょせいてき)' means 'feminine'. It is used to describe qualities, characteristics, or behaviors that are traditionally associated with women or femininity. This word can be applied to people, objects, or even abstract concepts. For example: She has a feminine way of speaking「彼女は女性的な話し方をする」(かのじょはじょせいてきなはなしかたをする). This dress has a very feminine design「このドレスはとても女性的なデザインです」(このドレスはとてもじょせいてきなデザインです). The term often carries a positive connotation, emphasizing grace, elegance, or delicacy.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3333

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

International

Reading

Kanji

的Target 際Occasion 国Country

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '国際的 (こくさいてき)' means 'international'. It is used to describe something that involves or relates to multiple countries or has a global scope. This word is often used in contexts such as international relations, global business, or cultural exchanges. For example: This conference is international「この会議は国際的です」(このかいぎはこくさいてきです). She has an international perspective「彼女は国際的な視野を持っています」(かのじょはこくさいてきなしやをもっています). The adjective can also modify nouns, as in '国際的な問題 (こくさいてきなもんだい) (international issue)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3460

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ingredient, Component

Reading

Kanji

成Become 分Minute, Part

Explanation

The Japanese noun '成分 (せいぶん)' refers to the elements or parts that make up a whole. It is commonly used in contexts such as food, chemistry, or materials to describe the ingredients or components of something. For example: This shampoo contains natural ingredients「このシャンプーは天然成分を含む」(このシャンプーはてんねんせいぶんをふくむ). The components of this machine are very precise「この機械の成分は非常に精密だ」(このきかいのせいぶんはひじょうにせいみつだ). Note that while 'ingredient' is often used for food or cosmetics, 'component' is more general and can apply to machinery, systems, or abstract concepts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3471

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wipe

Reading

Kanji

拭Wipe

Explanation

The Japanese verb '拭く (ふく)' means 'to wipe'. It is commonly used when cleaning or drying surfaces by removing dirt, dust, or moisture. For example: I wiped the table「テーブルを拭いた」(テーブルをふいた). She wiped her tears「彼女は涙を拭いた」(かのじょはなみだをふいた). This verb can also be used metaphorically, such as wiping away worries or problems. It is important to note that '拭く' is often used with objects like cloths or tissues, as in '布で拭く (ぬのでふく) (wipe with a cloth)'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3506

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

As much as possible

Reading

Kanji

成Become 可Possible

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '成る可く (なるべく)' means 'as much as possible' or 'to the best of one's ability'. It is used to express the idea of doing something to the greatest extent feasible or within reasonable limits. This adverb is often used in requests or suggestions to encourage someone to make an effort. For example: Please come as early as possible「成る可く早く来てください」(なるべくはやくきてください). I try to eat vegetables as much as possible「成る可く野菜を食べるようにしています」(なるべくやさいをたべるようにしています). The nuance of '成る可く' implies a sense of effort or intention to achieve something within given constraints.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3525

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tremendous, Terrifying

Reading

Kanji

凄Nifty 物Thing

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '物凄い (ものすごい)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'tremendous' or 'incredible', often used to describe something that is extremely impressive or intense in a positive or overwhelming way. For example: The view from the mountain was tremendous「山からの眺めは物凄かった」(やまからのながめはものすごかった). The second meaning is 'terrifying' or 'frightening', used to describe something that is extremely scary or awe-inspiring in a negative sense. For example: The storm was terrifying「嵐は物凄かった」(あらしはものすごかった). The word can also be used colloquially to emphasize intensity, such as '物凄く暑い (ものすごくあつい)' meaning 'incredibly hot'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3582

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lose

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing

Explanation

The Japanese verb '無くす (なくす)' means 'to lose' something. It is used when someone no longer has possession of an item or when something disappears. This verb is often used in everyday situations, such as losing a personal item or misplacing something. For example: I lost my wallet「財布を無くした」(さいふをなくした). She lost her keys「彼女は鍵を無くした」(かのじょはかぎをなくした). It can also be used metaphorically, such as losing hope or losing one's way. Note that this verb is transitive and requires an object to indicate what is being lost.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3589

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Jaw

Reading

Kanji

顎Chin

Explanation

The Japanese noun '顎 (あご)' refers to the 'jaw', the bony structure that forms the framework of the mouth and holds the teeth. It is commonly used in both anatomical and everyday contexts. For example: my jaw hurts「顎が痛い」(あごがいたい). He has a strong jaw「彼は顎が強い」(かれはあごがつよい). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe someone's determination or stubbornness, as in '顎が外れるほど笑う (あごがはずれるほどわらう)', which means 'to laugh so hard one's jaw might fall off'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3724

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Split, Division

Reading

Kanji

割Divide, Split 分Minute, Part

Explanation

The Japanese noun '分割 (ぶんかつ)' refers to the act of dividing or splitting something into parts. It is commonly used in contexts such as dividing tasks, splitting payments, or partitioning land. For example: The company decided to split the project into smaller tasks「会社はプロジェクトを分割することに決めた」(かいしゃはぷろじぇくとをぶんかつすることにきめた). The payment will be divided into three installments「支払いは3回に分割されます」(しはらいわ3かいにぶんかつされます). This term is often used in both formal and informal settings, and it can apply to physical, abstract, or conceptual divisions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3737

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pitiful

Reading

Kanji

想Concept 可Possible 哀Pity, Sorrow

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '可哀想 (かわいそう)' means 'pitiful' or 'deserving of sympathy'. It is used to express a feeling of pity or compassion towards someone or something in an unfortunate situation. This word is often used when observing someone's suffering, misfortune, or hardship. For example: That stray dog looks pitiful「その野良犬は可哀想だ」(そののらいぬはかわいそうだ). I feel sorry for her「彼女が可哀想だ」(かのじょがかわいそうだ). It can also be used to describe situations or objects that evoke a sense of sadness or sympathy, such as a broken toy or a neglected plant. The nuance is empathetic and often carries a sense of wanting to help or comfort the subject.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3764

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Public, Official

Reading

Kanji

的Target 公Public

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '公的 (こうてき)' refers to something related to the public or official matters. It is often used to describe actions, organizations, or systems that are connected to the government, public institutions, or formal procedures. For example: public funding「公的な資金」(こうてきなしきん). This is an official document「これは公的な書類です」(これはこうてきなしょるいです). The word can also imply a sense of formality or legitimacy, as in '公的な立場 (こうてきなたちば) (official position)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3854

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Objective

Reading

Kanji

的Target 観View 客Guest, Customer

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '客観的 (きゃっかんてき)' means 'objective'. It is used to describe something that is based on facts, evidence, or observations rather than personal feelings, opinions, or interpretations. This term is often used in academic, scientific, or analytical contexts to emphasize neutrality and impartiality. For example: He gave an objective analysis of the situation「彼は状況を客観的に分析した」(かれはじょうきょうをきゃっかんてきにぶんせきした). It's important to maintain an objective perspective「客観的な視点を保つことが重要だ」(きゃっかんてきなしてんをたもつことがじゅうようだ). The adjective is commonly used to modify nouns, such as '客観的な事実 (きゃっかんてきなじじつ) (objective fact)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3872

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Subjective

Reading

Kanji

的Target 観View 主Master

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '主観的 (しゅかんてき)' means 'subjective'. It is used to describe something that is based on personal opinions, feelings, or perspectives rather than on objective facts. This term is often used in discussions about art, philosophy, or personal experiences. For example: His opinion is very subjective「彼の意見はとても主観的だ」(かれのいけんはとてもしゅかんてきだ). This painting is subjective「この絵は主観的だ」(このえはしゅかんてきだ). The adjective can also be used to describe a person's viewpoint or interpretation of events, emphasizing that it is influenced by their individual perspective.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3873

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Distribution

Reading

Kanji

布Cloth, Linen 分Minute, Part

Explanation

The Japanese noun '分布 (ぶんぷ)' means 'distribution'. This term is commonly used in contexts such as statistics, geography, biology, and other fields to describe how something is spread or arranged over an area or among a group. For example: the distribution of population「人口の分布」(じんこうのぶんぷ). The distribution of resources「資源の分布」(しげんのぶんぷ). It can also refer to the spread of data points in a statistical context, such as 'normal distribution'「正規分布」(せいきぶんぷ). The word is neutral and can be applied to both physical and abstract distributions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3876

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sanitary

Reading

Kanji

衛Protect, Defense 生Life 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '衛生的 (えいせいてき)' means 'sanitary' or 'hygienic'. It is used to describe conditions, environments, or practices that are clean and promote health. This word is often used in contexts related to cleanliness, health standards, or public hygiene. For example: This restaurant is very sanitary「このレストランはとても衛生的です」(このレストランはとてもえいせいてきです). It's important to maintain a sanitary environment「衛生的な環境を保つことが大切です」(えいせいてきなかんきょうをたもつことがたいせつです). The adjective can also describe objects or practices, such as '衛生的なトイレ (えいせいてきなトイレ)' (sanitary toilet).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3888

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Feed, Bait

Reading

Kanji

餌Feed

Explanation

The Japanese noun '餌 (えさ)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'feed', referring to food given to animals, such as pets or livestock. For example: I gave feed to the dog「犬に餌をあげた」(いぬにえさをあげた). The second meaning is 'bait', used in the context of fishing or trapping. For example: He put bait on the hook「彼は針に餌をつけた」(かれははりにえさをつけた). The word is versatile and can be used in both domestic and outdoor settings, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3896

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lid

Reading

Kanji

蓋Lid

Explanation

The Japanese noun '蓋 (ふた)' means 'lid'. It refers to a cover or top that is placed over a container to close or seal it. This word is commonly used in everyday contexts, such as when referring to the lid of a pot, jar, or bottle. For example: Please put the lid on the pot「鍋に蓋をしてください」(なべにふたをしてください). The lid of this jar is hard to open「この瓶の蓋は開けにくい」(このびんのふたはあけにくい). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that conceals or hides, as in '蓋をする (ふたをする)' which means 'to cover up' or 'to hide something'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3903

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Legal

Reading

Kanji

法Law, Method 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '法的 (ほうてき)' means 'legal' or 'related to law'. It is used to describe something that pertains to the law or has a legal basis. This term is often used in formal or technical contexts, such as legal documents, discussions about regulations, or when referring to legal procedures. For example: legal measures「法的措置」(ほうてきそち). This is a legal requirement「これは法的な要件です」(これはほうてきなようけんです). The term can also be used to describe actions or decisions that are made in accordance with the law, such as '法的に正しい (ほうてきにただしい) (legally correct)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3922

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Passive

Reading

Kanji

的Target 消Extinguish 極Extreme, Pole

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '消極的 (しょうきょくてき)' means 'passive'. It describes a lack of active involvement or initiative, often implying reluctance or hesitation to take action. This word is commonly used to describe behavior, attitudes, or approaches. For example: he has a passive attitude「彼は消極的な態度だ」(かれはしょうきょくてきなたいどだ). Her response was passive「彼女の反応は消極的だった」(かのじょのはんのうはしょうきょくてきだった). The term can also be used in contexts like '消極的な性格 (しょうきょくてきなせいかく)' (passive personality) or '消極的な選択 (しょうきょくてきなせんたく)' (passive choice).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3952

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Peel

Reading

Kanji

剥Peel off

Explanation

The Japanese verb '剥く (むく)' means 'to peel'. It is commonly used when referring to removing the outer layer or skin of something, such as fruits, vegetables, or even objects. For example: I peeled the apple「リンゴを剥いた」(りんごをむいた). He peeled the potato「彼はジャガイモを剥いた」(かれはじゃがいもをむいた). This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe stripping away layers of something abstract, such as emotions or concepts. However, the primary and most common usage is in the context of physically peeling something.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3964

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Nail

Reading

Kanji

爪Claw

Explanation

The Japanese noun '爪 (つめ)' refers to the 'nail' on a finger or toe. It is used to describe the hard, keratinous covering at the end of digits in humans and animals. For example: I cut my nails「爪を切った」(つめをきった). Her nails are long「彼女の爪は長い」(かのじょのつめはながい). This word can also be used metaphorically to describe something sharp or claw-like, but its primary meaning is related to the physical nail.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3979

Composition

kanji

Handwriting