言Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Kanji School Grade

word

Meaning

Become

Reading

Kanji

成Become

Explanation

The Japanese verb '成る (なる)' means 'to become'. It is used to indicate a change in state, condition, or quality. This verb is highly versatile and can be used in various contexts, such as describing natural changes, personal transformations, or the outcome of events. For example: I want to become a teacher「先生になりたい」(せんせいになりたい). The leaves have turned red「葉っぱが赤くなった」(はっぱがあかくなった). It's important to note that 'なる' is often used with adjectives or nouns to describe the resulting state, as in '大きくなる (おおきくなる) (to become big)' or '静かになる (しずかになる) (to become quiet)'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

52

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Non existent

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '無い (ない)' means 'nonexistent' or 'not present'. It is used to indicate the absence of something or to negate the existence of an object, state, or condition. This word is often used in everyday conversation and can be attached to nouns or used independently. For example: There is no money「お金がない」(おかねがない). I have no time「時間がない」(じかんがない). It can also be used to express the lack of necessity or obligation, as in 'You don't have to go'「行かなくてもいい」(いかなくてもいい). Note that 'ない' is often used in negative sentences and can be combined with verbs to form negative conjugations, such as '食べない' (たべない) meaning 'do not eat'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

53

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Like

Reading

Kanji

的Target

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '的 (てき)' is used to turn nouns into adjectives, giving the meaning of 'like' or 'related to'. It is often used to describe something that has the characteristics or qualities of the noun it is attached to. For example: scientific「科学的」(かがくてき). This suffix is very versatile and can be used with a wide range of nouns to create new adjectives. Another example: romantic「ロマンチック的」(ロマンチックてき). It's important to note that '的' is not used alone as a word but always as a suffix attached to a noun.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

60

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Good

Reading

Kanji

良Good

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '良い (よい)' means 'good'. It is a versatile word used to describe something that is of high quality, favorable, or desirable. It can be applied to a wide range of contexts, from describing objects and situations to expressing approval or satisfaction. For example: This is a good book「これは良い本です」(これはよいほんです). The weather is good today「今日は天気が良い」(きょうはてんきがよい). Additionally, '良い' can sometimes be used to express permission, as in 'It's good to go'「行っても良い」(いってもよい). Note that '良い' is often pronounced as 'いい' in casual speech, though the meaning remains the same.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

65

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Plural

Reading

Kanji

達Attain, Plural

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '達 (たち)' is used to indicate plurality or a group of people. It is commonly attached to nouns referring to people, such as names, pronouns, or titles, to denote a collective. For example: the children「子供達」(こどもたち). my friends「私達の友達」(わたしたちのともだち). It is important to note that '達' is not used for non-human objects or animals. The nuance is more about grouping or collectivity rather than strict grammatical plurality. This suffix is often used in formal or polite contexts.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

78

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

But

Reading

Kanji

然Sort of thing, In that case

Explanation

The Japanese conjunction '然し (しかし)' means 'but' and is used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or contradicts what has been said previously. It is a formal and slightly literary way of expressing contrast, often used in written language or formal speech. For example: I wanted to go, but I couldn't「行きたかったが、しかし行けなかった」(いきたかったが、しかしいけなかった). He is young, but very talented「彼は若いが、しかしとても才能がある」(かれはわかいが、しかしとてもさいのうがある). Note that 'しかし' can sometimes be replaced with the more casual 'でも' in informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

conjunction

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

102

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Love

Reading

Kanji

大Big 好Like, Fond

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '大好き (だいすき)' means 'love' or 'really like'. It is used to express strong affection or preference for something or someone. This word is often used in casual conversations to convey enthusiasm or deep fondness. For example: I love sushi「私は寿司が大好きです」(わたしはすしがだいすきです). He really likes cats「彼は猫が大好きです」(かれはねこがだいすきです). Note that '大好き' is stronger than '好き (すき)', which simply means 'like'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

109

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Put

Reading

Kanji

置Put

Explanation

The Japanese verb '置く (おく)' primarily means 'to put' or 'to place'. It is used to describe the action of placing an object in a specific location. This verb is versatile and can be used in various contexts, such as placing items on a table, leaving something behind, or even metaphorically, like setting aside time. Example sentences: I put the book on the table「本をテーブルに置く」(ほんをテーブルにおく). Please leave the key here「鍵をここに置いてください」(かぎをここにおいてください). Note that '置く' can also imply leaving something in a state or condition, as in 'そのままにしておく (leave it as it is)'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

117

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Well, Often

Reading

Kanji

良Good

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '良く (よく)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'often', indicating frequency. For example: I often go to the park「私はよく公園に行きます」(わたしはよくこうえんにいきます). The second meaning is 'well', indicating quality or manner. For example: She sings well「彼女はよく歌います」(かのじょはよくうたいます). The context usually clarifies which meaning is intended. When used to mean 'well', it often describes how something is done or the state of something. When used to mean 'often', it typically precedes a verb to indicate regularity.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

158

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Attach, Turn on

Reading

Kanji

付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese verb '付ける (つける)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to attach' or 'to affix', referring to physically adding something to another object. For example: I attached a label to the box「箱にラベルを付けた」(はこにラベルをつけた). The second meaning is 'to turn on' (a device or light). For example: She turned on the light「彼女は電気を付けた」(かのじょはでんきをつけた). This verb is versatile and widely used in daily conversations. It can also imply adding something abstract, like skills or habits, as in 'to acquire a habit' (習慣を付ける, しゅうかんをつける).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

162

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Obtain

Reading

Kanji

得Acquire

Explanation

The Japanese verb '得る (える)' means 'to obtain' or 'to gain'. It is used to express the acquisition of something, whether it be a physical object, knowledge, or an abstract concept. This verb is often used in formal or written contexts. For example: He obtained valuable experience「彼は貴重な経験を得た」(かれはきちょうなけいけんをえた). It is also used in negative forms to indicate something that is difficult or impossible to obtain, as in '得られない (えない)' (cannot obtain). Note that '得る' can sometimes be used in a more abstract sense, such as gaining understanding or insight.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

177

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Companion

Reading

Kanji

共Together

Explanation

The Japanese noun '共 (とも)' primarily means 'companion' or 'someone who accompanies another'. It is often used to refer to a person who shares an experience or journey with someone else. For example: He is my companion「彼は私の共だ」(かれはわたしのともだ). We are companions in this journey「私たちはこの旅の共だ」(わたしたちはこのたびのともだ). Additionally, '共' can sometimes imply a sense of equality or shared status, as in '共に戦う (ともにたたかう) (to fight together)'. It is important to note that '共' is often used in a more formal or literary context, and in everyday conversation, words like '友達 (ともだち)' might be more commonly used to refer to friends or companions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

186

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Still

Reading

Kanji

未Not yet

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '未だ (まだ)' primarily means 'still' and is used to indicate that a situation or condition continues unchanged. It often implies that something expected has not yet happened or that a previous state persists. For example: I am still waiting「まだ待っています」(まだまっています). He still hasn't arrived「彼はまだ到着していない」(かれはまだとうちゃくしていない). Additionally, 'まだ' can be used to express that something is 'not yet' the case, often with a sense of anticipation or incompleteness. For example: The movie hasn't started yet「映画はまだ始まっていない」(えいがはまだはじまっていない). It's important to note that 'まだ' is often used in negative sentences to emphasize that something has not occurred or been completed.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

191

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

More than, No more

Reading

Kanji

以By means of 上Up

Explanation

The Japanese noun '以上 (いじょう)'can mean 'more than' or 'no more', depending on the context.It is often used to indicate a threshold or limit, such as a minimum requirement or a maximum cap. For example: You need to be 18 years old or more「18歳以上が必要です」(18さいいじょうがひつようです). No more than 5 people can enter「5人以上は入れません」(5にんいじょうははいれません).It can also be used to conclude a statement, meaning 'thats all' or 'no more', as in the phrase '以上です (いじょうです)', which signals 'that's all' or a formal conclusion.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

197

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Law, Method

Reading

Kanji

法Law, Method

Explanation

The Japanese noun '法 (ほう)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'law', referring to legal rules or regulations established by a governing body. For example: This is against the law「これは法に反する」(これはほうにはんする). The second meaning is 'method', referring to a way or technique of doing something. For example: This is a new method「これは新しい法だ」(これはあたらしいほうだ). The context in which '法' is used will determine whether it refers to 'law' or 'method'. It's important to note that while '法' can stand alone as a noun, it is often combined with other kanji to form compound words that specify the type of law or method, such as '法律 (ほうりつ)' for 'legislation' or '方法 (ほうほう)' for 'way/method'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

207

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Not

Reading

Kanji

不Not

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '不 (ふ)' is used to negate or express the absence of a quality, state, or action. It is commonly attached to nouns or adjectives to form words that mean the opposite of the original term. For example: '不安 (ふあん)' means 'unease' or 'anxiety' (literally 'not peace'), and '不満 (ふまん)' means 'dissatisfaction' (literally 'not satisfaction'). This prefix is versatile and widely used in both formal and informal contexts. Example sentences: He is not satisfied「彼は不満です」(かれはふまんです). This situation is uncertain「この状況は不確かです」(このじょうきょうはふたしかです).

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

209

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Attach, Follow

Reading

Kanji

付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese verb '付く (つく)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to attach' or 'to stick to', referring to something physically adhering to another object. For example: the sticker sticks to the wall「シールが壁に付く」(シールがかべにつく). The second meaning is 'to follow' or 'to accompany', often used when someone or something follows another person or object. For example: the dog follows its owner「犬が飼い主に付く」(いぬがかいぬしにつく). This verb is versatile and can be used in various contexts, such as relationships, physical attachment, or even abstract concepts like ideas or trends.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

212

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Method

Reading

Kanji

法Law, Method 方Direction

Explanation

The Japanese noun '方法 (ほうほう)' means 'method' or 'way'. It refers to a systematic procedure or approach to accomplish something. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to describe techniques, strategies, or processes. For example: a new method「新しい方法」(あたらしいほうほう). What is the best way to solve this problem?「この問題を解決するための最良の方法は何ですか？」(このもんだいをかいけつするためのさいりょうのほうほうはなんですか？). It can also be used in phrases like 'study method' (勉強方法, べんきょうほうほう) or 'cooking method' (調理方法, ちょうりほうほう).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

236

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Continue

Reading

Kanji

続Continue

Explanation

The Japanese verb '続ける (つづける)' means 'to continue'. It is used to indicate the ongoing action of something, whether it be an activity, a state, or a process. This verb is often used in conjunction with other verbs to express the continuation of an action, such as '勉強を続ける (べんきょうをつづける)' which means 'to continue studying'. Example sentences include: I will continue to study Japanese「私は日本語を勉強し続けます」(わたしはにほんごをべんきょうしつづけます). He continued to run despite being tired「彼は疲れていたが走り続けた」(かれはつかれていたがはしりつづけた). The verb can also be used in its te-form to connect actions, such as '食べ続けて (たべつづけて)' meaning 'continuing to eat'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

248

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Change

Reading

Kanji

変Change, Abnormal

Explanation

The Japanese verb '変わる (かわる)' means 'to change'. It is used to describe a transformation or alteration in state, condition, or nature. This verb can be applied to a wide range of contexts, from physical changes to abstract shifts. For example: The weather changed suddenly「天気が急に変わった」(てんきがきゅうにかわった). Her attitude changed completely「彼女の態度が完全に変わった」(かのじょのたいどがかんぜんにかわった). It's important to note that '変わる' is an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object. To express the act of changing something, the transitive verb '変える (かえる)' is used instead.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

268

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

For example

Reading

Kanji

例Example

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '例えば (たとえば)' means 'for example'. It is used to introduce an example or a specific instance that illustrates a broader point. This word is commonly used in both spoken and written Japanese to provide clarity or support an argument. For example: There are many fruits, for example, apples and oranges「果物はたくさんあります、例えば、りんごとオレンジ」(くだものはたくさんあります、たとえば、りんごとオレンジ). You can use this word to introduce examples in various contexts, such as explaining a concept, listing items, or making comparisons. It is a versatile and frequently used adverb in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

272

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Result

Reading

Kanji

結Tie, Bind 果Fruit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '結果 (けっか)' means 'result'. It refers to the outcome or consequence of an action, event, or process. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to describe the end product of something. For example: the result of the experiment was surprising「実験の結果は驚くべきものだった」(じっけんのけっかはおどろくべきものだった). What was the result of the meeting?「会議の結果はどうでしたか？」(かいぎのけっかはどうでしたか？). It can also be used in phrases like '良い結果 (よいけっか)' (good result) or '悪い結果 (わるいけっか)' (bad result).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

290

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Side

Reading

Kanji

側Side

Explanation

The Japanese noun '側 (がわ)' means 'side'. It refers to one of the surfaces or edges of an object, or a position relative to something. It can also indicate a group or faction in a broader sense. For example: the left side of the road「道路の左側」(どうろのひだりがわ). He is on my side「彼は私の側にいる」(かれはわたしのがわにいる). This word is often used to describe physical positions or metaphorical alignments, such as being on someone's side in an argument.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

292

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Different

Reading

Kanji

別Separate

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '別 (べつ)' primarily means 'different' or 'separate'. It is used to indicate that something is distinct or not the same as another thing. It can also imply a sense of division or separation. For example: That's a different matter「それは別の問題だ」(それはべつのもんだいだ). Let's consider it separately「別に考えましょう」(べつにかんがえましょう). In some contexts, '別' can also imply 'another' or 'additional', as in '別の日 (べつのひ) (another day)'. It's important to note that '別' is often used in formal or written contexts, and it can be combined with other words to form compound nouns, such as '別荘 (べっそう) (vacation home)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

310

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Like

Reading

Kanji

好Like, Fond

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '好き (すき)' means 'like' or 'fond of'. It is used to express a preference or affection for something or someone. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation to indicate personal tastes or interests. For example: I like cats「猫が好きです」(ねこがすきです). She likes music「彼女は音楽が好きです」(かのじょはおんがくがすきです). It's important to note that '好き' is often used with the particle 'が' to indicate the object of affection or preference, as in '猫が好き (ねこがすき) (like cats)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

314

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Airplane

Reading

Kanji

飛Fly 行Go 機Machine, Opportunity

Explanation

The Japanese noun '飛行機 (ひこうき)' means 'airplane'. It refers to a powered flying vehicle with fixed wings and a weight greater than that of the air it displaces. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation when discussing travel, transportation, or aviation. For example: I will go to America by airplane「私は飛行機でアメリカに行きます」(わたしはひこうきでアメリカにいきます). The airplane is flying in the sky「飛行機が空を飛んでいます」(ひこうきがそらをとんでいます). It's important to note that '飛行機' specifically refers to airplanes and not other types of aircraft like helicopters or gliders.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

318

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Request

Reading

Kanji

願Request, Wish

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'お願い (おねがい)' means 'request'. It is a polite and formal way to ask for something or to make a request. This term is often used in various contexts, such as asking for a favor, making a formal request, or even in customer service settings. For example: Please help me「お願い、助けてください」(おねがい、たすけてください). I have a request「お願いがあります」(おねがいがあります). It is important to note that 'お願い' is often used with the verb 'する' to form the phrase 'お願いします', which is a common way to make a polite request, as in 'Please do this for me「これをやってください、お願いします」(これをやってください、おねがいします)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

320

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Especially

Reading

Kanji

特Special

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '特に (とくに)' means 'especially' or 'particularly'. It is used to emphasize a specific point or to single out something from a group. This adverb is commonly used in both casual and formal contexts to highlight importance or distinction. For example: I especially like this dish「特にこの料理が好きです」(とくにこのりょうりがすきです). There's nothing particularly wrong「特に悪いところはない」(とくにわるいところはない). It can also be used to indicate that something is not the case, as in '特に問題はない (とくにもんだいはない) (There is no particular problem).'

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

332

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Relate

Reading

Kanji

関Barrier, Related

Explanation

The Japanese verb '関する (かんする)' means 'to relate to' or 'to concern'. It is used to indicate a connection or relevance between two things. This verb is often used in formal or written contexts. For example: This document relates to the new policy「この文書は新しい方針に関する」(このぶんしょはあたらしいほうしんにかんする). The discussion concerns environmental issues「その議論は環境問題に関する」(そのぎろんはかんきょうもんだいにかんする). Note that '関する' is typically followed by the particle 'に' to indicate the subject of relation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

341

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Beginning

Reading

Kanji

初Beginning, First 最Most

Explanation

The Japanese noun '最初 (さいしょ)' means 'beginning' or 'the first'. It refers to the very start of something, such as an event, process, or period. This word is often used to emphasize the initial stage or point in time. For example: At the beginning, it was difficult「最初は難しかった」(さいしょはむずかしかった). Let's start from the beginning「最初から始めましょう」(さいしょからはじめましょう). It can also be used to describe the first occurrence of something, as in '最初の試み (さいしょのこころみ) (the first attempt)'. Note that '最初' is distinct from '始め (はじめ)', which can also mean 'beginning' but often refers to the start of an action or process rather than a specific point in time.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

352

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Request, Wish

Reading

Kanji

願Request, Wish

Explanation

The Japanese verb '願う (ねがう)' has two primary meanings: 'to wish' and 'to request'. When used to mean 'to wish', it expresses a desire or hope for something, often in a formal or earnest manner. For example: I wish for your happiness「あなたの幸せを願います」(あなたのしあわせをねがいます). When used to mean 'to request', it implies asking for something politely or formally, often in a written or official context. For example: I request your understanding「ご理解を願います」(ごりかいをねがいます). The verb is commonly used in formal settings, such as letters, speeches, or prayers, and carries a tone of sincerity and respect.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

374

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Request, Seek

Reading

Kanji

求Request, Seek

Explanation

The Japanese verb '求める (もとめる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to seek' or 'to look for', which is used when someone is searching for something, such as an object, information, or a solution. For example: He is seeking the truth「彼は真実を求めている」(かれはしんじつをもとめている). The second meaning is 'to request' or 'to demand', which is used when someone asks for something or requires a specific action. For example: The company requested a detailed report「会社は詳細なレポートを求めた」(かいしゃはしょうさいなレポートをもとめた). The verb can also imply a sense of necessity or desire, depending on the context. It is commonly used in both formal and informal settings.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

389

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

First

Reading

Kanji

初Beginning, First

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '初めて (はじめて)' means 'for the first time'. It is used to indicate that something is happening or being experienced for the very first time. This word is often used to express a sense of novelty or newness. For example: I went to Japan for the first time「初めて日本に行きました」(はじめてにほんにいきました). This is the first time I've eaten sushi「初めて寿司を食べました」(はじめてすしをたべました). It can also be used to describe the first occurrence of an event or action. Note that '初めて' is often used with verbs in the past tense to indicate that the action was done for the first time.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

392

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Important

Reading

Kanji

重Heavy 要Important, Need

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '重要 (じゅうよう)' means 'important'. It is used to describe something that holds significant value, necessity, or priority. This word is often used in formal contexts, such as business, education, or official documents. For example: This document is important「この書類は重要です」(このしょるいはじゅうようです). It is important to study「勉強することが重要です」(べんきょうすることがじゅうようです). The word can also be used to emphasize the critical nature of a task or decision, as in '重要な決定 (じゅうようなけってい) (important decision)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

399

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Machine

Reading

Kanji

機Machine, Opportunity

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '機 (き)' is used to denote a machine or device. It is commonly attached to nouns to specify a type of machine or tool. For example: washing machine「洗濯機」(せんたくき), airplane「飛行機」(ひこうき), and computer「計算機」(けいさんき). This suffix is versatile and can be used in various contexts to refer to mechanical or electronic devices. It is important to note that '機' can also appear in compound words where it might not be immediately recognizable as a suffix, but still carries the meaning related to machinery or devices.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

405

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Recently

Reading

Kanji

近Near 最Most

Explanation

The Japanese noun '最近 (さいきん)' means 'recently' or 'lately'. It is used to refer to events, situations, or actions that have occurred in the near past. This word is commonly used in both casual and formal contexts. For example: I recently moved to Tokyo「最近東京に引っ越しました」(さいきんとうきょうにひっこしました). Have you seen her recently?「最近彼女を見ましたか？」(さいきんかのじょをみましたか？). It can also be used to describe trends or changes that have happened recently, such as '最近の技術 (さいきんのぎじゅつ)' meaning 'recent technology'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

414

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Without

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '無 (む)' means 'without' or 'lack of'. It is commonly attached to nouns to negate their meaning, indicating the absence of something. For example: meaningless「無意味」(むいみ). It can also imply a state of being free from something, such as in '無料 (むりょう)', meaning 'free of charge'. Example sentences: This is a meaningless conversation「これは無意味な会話です」(これはむいみなかいわです). The museum is free of charge today「今日、博物館は無料です」(きょう、はくぶつかんはむりょうです).

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

417

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Continue

Reading

Kanji

続Continue

Explanation

The Japanese verb '続く (つづく)' means 'to continue' or 'to last'. It is used to describe an ongoing action, state, or sequence without interruption. This verb can be applied to various contexts, such as events, time, or physical phenomena. For example: The rain continued for three days「雨が三日間続いた」(あめがみっかかんつづいた). The road continues straight ahead「道はまっすぐ続いている」(みちはまっすぐつづいている). Additionally, '続く' can imply a connection or sequence, as in 'The story continues in the next chapter'「物語は次の章に続く」(ものがたりはつぎのしょうにつづく). It is a versatile verb often used in both formal and informal settings.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

420

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mold, Pattern

Reading

Kanji

型Model, Type

Explanation

The Japanese noun '型 (かた)' can mean 'pattern' or 'mold'. As 'pattern', it refers to a repeated design or model, often used in contexts like traditional crafts or behavior. For example: This kimono has a beautiful pattern「この着物は美しい型がある」(このきものはうつくしいかたがある). As 'mold', it refers to a hollow container used to give shape to molten or liquid material. For example: The cake was made using a silicone mold「そのケーキはシリコンの型を使って作られた」(そのケーキはシリコンのかたをつかってつくられた). The word can also imply a standard or model to be followed, as in traditional arts or martial arts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

426

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Except

Reading

Kanji

以By means of 外Outside

Explanation

The Japanese noun '以外 (いがい)' means 'except' or 'excluding'. It is used to indicate that something or someone is not included in a particular group or category. For example: everyone except me went to the party「私以外みんなパーティーに行った」(わたしいがいみんなパーティーにいった). This store sells everything except books「この店は本以外何でも売っている」(このみせはほんいがいなんでもうっている). It can also be used to express something beyond or outside of a certain scope, as in 'beyond expectations'「期待以外の結果」(きたいいがいのけっか).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

427

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Example

Reading

Kanji

例Example

Explanation

The Japanese noun '例 (れい)' means 'example'. It is commonly used to refer to a specific instance or case that illustrates a general rule or pattern. This word is often used in both formal and informal contexts, such as in explanations, instructions, or discussions. For example: Here is an example「ここに例があります」(ここにれいがあります). Please follow this example「この例に従ってください」(このれいにしたがってください). The word can also be used in compound words like '例文 (れいぶん)' (example sentence) or '例外 (れいがい)' (exception).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

433

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

History

Reading

Kanji

史History 歴Curriculum, Continuation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '歴史 (れきし)' means 'history'. It refers to the study or record of past events, particularly those involving human affairs. This word is commonly used in academic, cultural, and everyday contexts to discuss historical events, periods, or the development of societies. For example: I study Japanese history「私は日本の歴史を勉強します」(わたしはにほんのれきしをべんきょうします). This town has a long history「この町は長い歴史があります」(このまちはながいれきしがあります). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe the background or development of something, such as a person's life or an organization.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

436

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Most

Reading

Kanji

最Most

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '最も (もっとも)' means 'most' and is used to indicate the highest degree or extreme level of something. It is often used in comparisons or to emphasize a superlative quality. For example: This is the most important thing「これが最も重要なことです」(これがもっともじゅうようなことです). He is the most talented person in the group「彼はグループの中で最も才能のある人です」(かれはグループのなかでもっともさいのうのあるひとです). The adverb can also be used in more abstract contexts, such as '最も良い方法 (もっともよいほうほう) (the best method)'. Note that '最も' is formal and is often used in written or formal spoken Japanese.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

441

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Purpose, Goal

Reading

Kanji

目Eye 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese noun '目的 (もくてき)' refers to an aim, objective, or intention behind an action or plan. It can be used in various contexts, such as personal goals, project objectives, or the purpose of an event. For example: The purpose of this meeting is to discuss the budget「この会議の目的は予算について話し合うことです」(このかいぎのもくてきはよさんについてはなしあうことです). My goal is to become fluent in Japanese「私の目的は日本語を流暢に話せるようになることです」(わたしのもくてきはにほんごをりゅうちょうにはなせるようになることです). Note that '目的' often implies a specific, concrete aim, distinguishing it from more abstract terms like '理由 (りゆう)' (reason).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

443

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

End

Reading

Kanji

後After, Behind 最Most

Explanation

The Japanese noun '最後 (さいご)' means 'end' or 'last'. It refers to the final part of something, such as the conclusion of an event, the last moment of a situation, or the ultimate outcome. It can also imply a sense of finality or irreversibility. For example: This is the end of the movie「これは映画の最後です」(これはえいがのさいごです). He stayed until the very end「彼は最後まで残った」(かれはさいごまでのこった). The word can also be used to emphasize the finality of an action, as in '最後のチャンス (さいごのチャンス) (last chance)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

459

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Remain

Reading

Kanji

残Remainder

Explanation

The Japanese verb '残る (のこる)' means 'to remain' or 'to be left over'. It is used to describe something that stays behind or continues to exist after other things have been removed, used, or have disappeared. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as physical objects, time, or abstract concepts. For example: There is still some food left「まだ食べ物が残っている」(まだたべものがのこっている). Only a few minutes remain「あと数分しか残っていない」(あとすうふんしかのこっていない). The memory of that day remains「あの日の記憶が残っている」(あのひのきおくがのこっている). It is important to note that '残る' often implies that something is left in a state that was not originally intended or expected.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

471

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cooperation

Reading

Kanji

協Cooperate 力Power

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '協力 (きょうりょく)' means 'cooperation'. It refers to the act of working together with others to achieve a common goal. This word is often used in contexts involving teamwork, collaboration, or mutual assistance. For example: Thank you for your cooperation「ご協力ありがとうございます」(ごきょうりょくありがとうございます). We need everyone's cooperation to succeed「成功するにはみんなの協力が必要です」(せいこうするにはみんなのきょうりょくがひつようです). The word can also be used in formal or informal settings, making it versatile in both professional and casual conversations.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

474

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Century

Reading

Kanji

紀Chronicle, Era 世World, Generation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '世紀 (せいき)' means 'century'. It refers to a period of 100 years. This word is commonly used in historical contexts or when discussing long periods of time. For example: the 21st century「21世紀」(にじゅういちせいき). The 20th century was a time of great change「20世紀は大きな変化の時代でした」(にじゅうせいきはおおきなへんかのじだいでした). It can also be used metaphorically to describe a significant era or period, such as 'the century of technology'「技術の世紀」(ぎじゅつのせいき).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

486

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Citizen

Reading

Kanji

民People, Nation 国Country

Explanation

The Japanese noun '国民 (こくみん)' refers to the people of a nation or citizens of a country. It is often used in a collective sense to describe the population of a nation as a whole. For example: The citizens of Japan are hardworking「日本の国民は勤勉です」(にほんのこくみんはきんべんです). The government cares for its citizens「政府は国民のことを気にかけています」(せいふはこくみんのことをきにかけています). This term is commonly used in political, social, and economic contexts to refer to the general populace of a country.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

492

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Always, Without fail

Reading

Kanji

必Inevitable, Certain

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '必ず (かならず)' conveys a sense of certainty or inevitability. It is used to express that something will definitely happen or is guaranteed to occur. This word is often used in promises, instructions, or when emphasizing the certainty of an outcome. For example: I will always help you「必ずあなたを助けます」(かならずあなたをたすけます). The train will arrive on time without fail「電車は必ず時間通りに来ます」(でんしゃはかならずじかんどおりにきます). Note that '必ず' is stronger than 'いつも (always)' and implies a guarantee rather than a general tendency.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

502

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Moreover

Reading

Kanji

然Sort of thing, In that case

Explanation

The Japanese conjunction '然も (しかも)' is used to add information that emphasizes or strengthens the previous statement, similar to 'moreover', 'furthermore', or 'what's more'. It often introduces an additional point that is surprising or unexpected in relation to the preceding context. For example: He is smart, and moreover, he is kind「彼は頭がいい、しかも優しい」(かれはあたまがいい、しかもやさしい). The food was delicious, and what's more, it was cheap「その料理は美味しかった、しかも安かった」(そのりょうりはおいしかった、しかもやすかった). This conjunction is commonly used in both written and spoken Japanese to build on a point or highlight something noteworthy.

Part Of Speech

conjunction

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

503

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

About

Reading

Kanji

約Promise, Approximately

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '約 (やく)' means 'about' or 'approximately'. It is commonly used to indicate an approximate quantity, time, or degree. This prefix is often attached to numbers or time expressions to convey that the value is not exact but close to it. For example: about 100 people「約100人」(やくひゃくにん). It will take about 2 hours「約2時間かかります」(やくにじかんかかります). Note that '約' is typically used in formal or written contexts, and in casual speech, alternatives like 'だいたい' or 'くらい' might be more common.

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

505

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Work

Reading

Kanji

働Work

Explanation

The Japanese verb '働く (はたらく)' means 'to work'. It is commonly used to describe the act of performing a job or labor, whether in a professional, physical, or general sense. This verb is versatile and can be used in various contexts, such as working at a company, working hard, or even functioning (e.g., a machine). For example: I work at a company「私は会社で働く」(わたしはかいしゃではたらく). The machine works well「その機械はよく働く」(そのきかいよくはたらく). Note that '働く' is often used in formal and informal settings alike, making it a fundamental verb in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

513

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Army

Reading

Kanji

軍Army

Explanation

The Japanese noun '軍 (ぐん)' refers to an 'army' or 'military force'. It is commonly used to describe organized groups of soldiers or armed forces, often in the context of warfare or national defense. This term can also be used metaphorically to describe large groups or forces in non-military contexts. For example: The army is strong「その軍は強い」(そのぐんはつよい). He joined the army「彼は軍に入った」(かれはぐんにはいった). In historical or literary contexts, it may also refer to specific military units or factions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

527

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Involve

Reading

Kanji

関Barrier, Related

Explanation

The Japanese verb '関わる (かかわる)' means 'to be involved in' or 'to relate to'. It is used to describe a connection, involvement, or relevance to a particular matter, situation, or person. This verb often implies a significant or meaningful connection rather than a superficial one. For example: This decision involves everyone「この決定は全員に関わる」(このけっていはぜんいんにかかわる). His work is related to environmental issues「彼の仕事は環境問題に関わる」(かれのしごとはかんきょうもんだいにかかわる). The verb can also be used in negative contexts, such as 'I don't want to be involved in this matter'「この件には関わりたくない」(このけんにはかかわりたくない).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

533

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Year before last

Reading

Kanji

昨Yesterday, Previous 年Year 一One

Explanation

The Japanese noun '一昨年 (おととし)' refers to 'the year before last'. It is used to indicate the year that is two years prior to the current year. This term is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts when referring to events or occurrences that happened two years ago. For example: I visited Japan the year before last「一昨年、日本を訪れました」(おととし、にほんをおとずれました). The year before last was very cold「一昨年はとても寒かった」(おととしはとてもさむかった). It's important to note that '一昨年' is a specific term and should not be confused with '去年 (きょねん)', which means 'last year'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

536

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Day before yesterday

Reading

Kanji

昨Yesterday, Previous 日Day, Sun 一One

Explanation

The Japanese noun '一昨日 (おととい)' refers to 'the day before yesterday'. It is used to specify a day two days prior to the current day. This word is commonly used in daily conversations to refer to past events. For example: I met him the day before yesterday「一昨日彼に会った」(おとといかれにあった). The day before yesterday was rainy「一昨日は雨だった」(おとといはあめだった). Note that this word is a single noun and does not require additional particles when used in a sentence.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

537

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Laugh

Reading

Kanji

笑Laugh

Explanation

The Japanese verb '笑う (わらう)' means 'to laugh'. It is used to describe the action of laughing, whether it's due to humor, joy, or even nervousness. This verb is commonly used in everyday conversation and can be conjugated to fit various tenses and forms. For example: he laughed「彼は笑った」(かれはわらった). She always laughs at my jokes「彼女はいつも私の冗談に笑う」(かのじょはいつもわたしのじょうだんにわらう). The verb can also be used in a figurative sense to describe something that is amusing or laughable, as in 'that idea is laughable'「その考えは笑える」(そのかんがえはわらえる).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

541

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Husband

Reading

Kanji

夫Man, Husband

Explanation

The Japanese noun '夫 (おっと)' means 'husband'. It is used to refer to a married man in relation to his spouse. This term is neutral and commonly used in everyday conversation. For example: my husband is kind「私の夫は優しい」(わたしのおっとはやさしい). Her husband works at a bank「彼女の夫は銀行で働いています」(かのじょのおっとはぎんこうではたらいています). Note that '夫' is more formal than other terms like '主人 (しゅじん)' or '旦那 (だんな)', which can also mean 'husband' but carry different nuances.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

542

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Change

Reading

Kanji

変Change, Abnormal

Explanation

The Japanese verb '変える (かえる)' means 'to change'. This verb is used to indicate the action of altering or transforming something. It can be applied to a wide range of contexts, such as changing plans, changing one's appearance, or changing the state of an object. For example: I will change my plans「予定を変えます」(よていをかえます). She changed her hairstyle「彼女は髪型を変えた」(かのじょはかみがたをかえた). It's important to note that '変える' is a transitive verb, meaning it requires a direct object to indicate what is being changed.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

545

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Target, Subject

Reading

Kanji

象Elephant, Phenomenon 対Against

Explanation

The Japanese noun '対象 (たいしょう)' can mean 'target' or 'subject', depending on the context. When used as 'target', it refers to something or someone that is the focus of an action, such as in marketing or research. For example: the target of this campaign is young people「このキャンペーンの対象は若者です」(このキャンペーンのたいしょうはわかものです). When used as 'subject', it refers to the main topic or theme of discussion or study. For example: the subject of today's lecture is Japanese history「今日の講義の対象は日本の歴史です」(きょうのこうぎのたいしょうはにほんのれきしです). The word is versatile and can be used in various fields, including business, education, and research.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

551

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Area

Reading

Kanji

辺Boundary, Vicinity

Explanation

The Japanese noun '辺り (あたり)' refers to a general area or vicinity. It is often used to describe the surrounding area of a specific location. This word can be used in various contexts, such as indicating the area around a place, or the general vicinity of an event. For example: The area around the station is lively「駅の辺りは賑やかです」(えきのあたりはにぎやかです). I think I left my bag somewhere around here「カバンをこの辺りに置いたと思います」(かばんをこのあたりにおいたとおもいます). Note that '辺り' can also imply a sense of approximation or vagueness when referring to a location.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

552

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Choose

Reading

Kanji

選Choose

Explanation

The Japanese verb '選ぶ (えらぶ)' means 'to choose'. It is used when selecting or picking something from a set of options. This verb can be applied to various contexts, such as choosing items, people, or decisions. For example: I chose the red one「赤いのを選びました」(あかいのをえらびました). She chose her career path carefully「彼女はキャリアパスを慎重に選びました」(かのじょはキャリアパスをしんちょうにえらびました). The verb can also imply a thoughtful or deliberate selection process, often carrying a nuance of careful consideration.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

560

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Difficult, Serious

Reading

Kanji

大Big 変Change, Abnormal

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '大変 (たいへん)' can mean 'difficult' or 'serious', depending on the context. When used to describe a situation or task, it conveys that something is challenging or troublesome. For example: This work is difficult「この仕事は大変だ」(このしごとはたいへんだ). When used to describe a situation or event, it can mean 'serious' or 'grave'. For example: This is a serious problem「これは大変な問題だ」(これはたいへんなもんだいだ). Additionally, '大変' can also be used as an adverb to mean 'very' or 'greatly', but this usage is separate from its adjectival noun form. For example: I am very tired「私は大変疲れた」(わたしはたいへんつかれた).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

563

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Quantity

Reading

Kanji

量Measure, Quantity

Explanation

The Japanese noun '量 (りょう)' refers to 'quantity' or 'amount'. It is used to describe the volume, size, or extent of something, often in a measurable or observable way. This word is commonly used in contexts involving measurement, such as food, liquids, or abstract concepts like effort or time. For example: the quantity of water is large「水の量は多い」(みずのりょうはおおい). The amount of work is overwhelming「仕事の量がすごい」(しごとのりょうがすごい). It can also be used in compound words like '重量 (じゅうりょう)' (weight) or '熱量 (ねつりょう)' (heat quantity).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

565

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Before, Previously

Reading

Kanji

以By means of 前Before, Front

Explanation

The Japanese noun '以前 (いぜん)' refers to a time or period before a specific point in the past. It is often used to indicate something that happened prior to a certain event or time. For example: I lived in Tokyo before「以前、東京に住んでいました」(いぜん、とうきょうにすんでいました). This situation was different previously「以前はこの状況は違いました」(いぜんはこのじょうきょうはちがいました). The word can also be used to compare past and present states, emphasizing a change over time.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

574

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dinner

Reading

Kanji

飯Cooked rice, Food 夕Evening

Explanation

The Japanese noun '夕飯 (ゆうはん)' refers to the evening meal, commonly known as 'dinner'. It is a compound of '夕 (ゆう)', meaning 'evening', and '飯 (はん)', meaning 'meal' or 'cooked rice'. This word is used in everyday conversation to refer to the main meal eaten in the evening. For example: Let's eat dinner「夕飯を食べましょう」(ゆうはんをたべましょう). What's for dinner tonight?「今夜の夕飯は何ですか？」(こんやのゆうはんはなんですか？). It is a neutral term and can be used in both formal and informal settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

589

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Organization, Engine

Reading

Kanji

関Barrier, Related 機Machine, Opportunity

Explanation

The Japanese noun '機関 (きかん)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning refers to an 'organization' or 'institution', often used in the context of public or official bodies. For example: The research institute is a government organization「その研究所は政府の機関です」(そのけんきゅうじょはせいふのきかんです). The second meaning refers to an 'engine' or 'mechanism', typically used in the context of machinery or vehicles. For example: The train's engine is very powerful「その電車の機関はとても強力です」(そのでんしゃのきかんはとてもきょうりょくです). The context in which '機関' is used will determine whether it refers to an organization or an engine.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

596

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tell

Reading

Kanji

伝Transmit

Explanation

The Japanese verb '伝える (つたえる)' means 'to tell' or 'to convey'. It is used to describe the act of communicating information, feelings, or messages from one person to another. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as sharing news, passing on traditions, or expressing emotions. For example: I will tell him the news「彼にそのニュースを伝えます」(かれにそのニュースをつたえます). She conveyed her feelings to him「彼女は彼に自分の気持ちを伝えた」(かのじょはかれにじぶんのきもちをつたえた). Note that '伝える' often implies a deliberate act of communication, and it can be used with both direct and indirect objects.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

602

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Awaken

Reading

Kanji

覚Remember, Awake

Explanation

The Japanese verb '覚ます (さます)' means 'to awaken' or 'to wake someone/something up'. It is often used in the context of bringing someone out of sleep or making someone aware of something. It can also be used metaphorically to describe making someone realize or become conscious of a situation. For example: I woke him up early「彼を早く覚ました」(かれをはやくさました). The loud noise woke me up「大きな音が私を覚ました」(おおきなおとがわたしをさました). This verb is transitive, meaning it requires a direct object (the person or thing being awakened). It is important to distinguish this from the intransitive verb '覚める (さめる)', which means 'to wake up' on its own.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

612

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Friend

Reading

Kanji

友Friend 達Attain, Plural

Explanation

The Japanese noun '友達 (ともだち)' means 'friend'. It refers to a person whom one knows, likes, and trusts. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation and is neutral in terms of formality. It can be used to describe both close friends and casual acquaintances. For example: I have many friends「友達がたくさんいます」(ともだちがたくさんいます). She is my best friend「彼女は私の親友です」(かのじょはわたしのしんゆうです). Note that '友達' is often used in informal contexts, while '友人 (ゆうじん)' is a more formal alternative.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

614

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Notice

Reading

Kanji

気Spirit 付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese verb '気付く (きづく)' means 'to notice' or 'to become aware of'. It is used when someone realizes or becomes conscious of something, often something that was previously overlooked or unnoticed. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as noticing a detail, realizing a mistake, or becoming aware of someone's feelings. For example: I noticed that the door was open「ドアが開いていることに気付いた」(ドアがあいていることにきづいた). She noticed that he was lying「彼が嘘をついていることに気付いた」(かれがうそをついていることにきづいた). The verb is often followed by the particle 'に' to indicate what has been noticed.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

620

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Intention

Reading

Kanji

積Accumulate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '積り (つもり)' means 'intention' or 'plan'. It is used to express one's intention or plan to do something in the future. It often follows a verb in its dictionary form or past tense to indicate what someone intends to do or thought they did. For example: I intend to go to Japan「日本に行くつもりです」(にほんにいくつもりです). I thought I had locked the door「ドアを閉めたつもりです」(ドアをしめたつもりです). It can also be used to express a mistaken belief or assumption, as in 'I thought I had explained it clearly「はっきり説明したつもりです」(はっきりせつめいしたつもりです)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

623

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Below, Less

Reading

Kanji

以By means of 下Down

Explanation

The Japanese noun '以下 (いか)' is used to indicate something that is 'below' or 'less than' a certain threshold, limit, or reference point. It is often used in contexts involving rankings, quantities, or standards. For example: children aged 10 and below「10歳以下の子供」(じゅっさいいかのこども). The temperature is below freezing「温度は氷点以下です」(おんどはひょうてんいかです). Note that '以下' can also imply 'inferior' or 'not exceeding' in certain contexts, such as in quality or performance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

625

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Learn, Remember

Reading

Kanji

覚Remember, Awake

Explanation

The Japanese verb '覚える (おぼえる)' primarily means 'to remember' or 'to memorize'. It is used when someone retains information or experiences in their memory. For example: I remember his name「彼の名前を覚えている」(かれのなまえをおぼえている). It can also mean 'to learn' in the sense of acquiring a skill or knowledge. For example: She learned how to swim「彼女は泳ぎ方を覚えた」(かのじょはおよぎかたをおぼえた). The verb is commonly used in everyday conversations and can be applied to both concrete and abstract concepts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

629

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Official

Reading

Kanji

官Government, Bureaucrat

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '官 (かん)' refers to an official or a person holding a government position. It is commonly used in titles or roles related to public service or administration. For example: a government official「政府の官」(せいふのかん). This suffix is often attached to nouns to denote a specific type of official, such as '警察官 (けいさつかん)' (police officer) or '外交官 (がいこうかん)' (diplomat). It is important to note that '官' is typically used in formal contexts and is not used in everyday conversation unless referring to specific roles or titles.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

631

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Accomplish

Reading

Kanji

成Become

Explanation

The Japanese verb '成す (なす)' means 'to accomplish' or 'to achieve'. It is used to describe the act of completing or bringing something to fruition. This verb often conveys a sense of creating or forming something significant, such as a result, a state, or an outcome. For example: He accomplished great things「彼は偉業を成した」(かれはいぎょうをなした). The efforts of the team accomplished the goal「チームの努力が目標を成した」(チームのどりょくがもくひょうをなした). Note that '成す' can also imply the formation or creation of something, as in 'to form' or 'to make', but the primary meaning is tied to accomplishment.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

646

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Expert

Reading

Kanji

士Samurai

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '士 (し)' is used to denote a person who is an expert or professional in a particular field. It is often attached to nouns to form words that describe someone's profession or status. For example: a lawyer「弁護士」(べんごし). A nurse「看護士」(かんごし). This suffix is commonly used in professional titles and can be found in various contexts, such as in job titles or certifications. It is important to note that '士' can also be used in other contexts, but its primary meaning as a suffix is to indicate expertise or professional status.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

652

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Kill

Reading

Kanji

殺Kill

Explanation

The Japanese verb '殺す (ころす)' means 'to kill'. It is used to describe the act of causing the death of a living being, whether intentionally or unintentionally. This verb can be applied to humans, animals, or even metaphorically to ideas or emotions. For example: he killed the insect「彼は虫を殺した」(かれはむしをころした). The harsh words killed her enthusiasm「厳しい言葉が彼女の熱意を殺した」(きびしいことばがかのじょのねついをころした). Note that this verb carries a strong and often negative connotation, so it should be used with care in conversation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

664

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Each

Reading

Kanji

各Each

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '各 (かく)' means 'each' or 'every'. It is used to refer to individual items within a group or category. This prefix is commonly attached to nouns to indicate that something applies to every member of a group. For example: each country「各国」(かっこく). Each person「各人」(かくじん). It is important to note that '各' is often used in formal or written contexts, and it can be combined with various nouns to specify that something pertains to each item in a set. For instance: each company「各会社」(かくかいしゃ). Each station「各駅」(かくえき).

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

666

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Believe

Reading

Kanji

信Trust

Explanation

The Japanese verb '信ずる (しんずる)' means 'to believe' or 'to trust'. It is often used to express faith or confidence in someone or something. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as believing in a person's words, trusting in a higher power, or having confidence in an idea or concept. For example: I believe in you「あなたを信ずる」(あなたをしんずる). He believes in the power of hard work「彼は努力の力を信ずる」(かれはどりょくのちからをしんずる). It's important to note that '信ずる' is a more formal or literary form of '信じる (しんじる)', which is more commonly used in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

669

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Take

Reading

Kanji

連Take along

Explanation

The Japanese verb '連れる (つれる)' means 'to take (someone) along' or 'to bring (someone) with you'. It is used when you are accompanying someone or bringing someone with you to a place. This verb often implies that you are leading or guiding the person you are taking. For example: I will take my friend to the park「友達を公園に連れていきます」(ともだちをこうえんにつれていきます). She took her child to school「彼女は子供を学校に連れていった」(かのじょはこどもをがっこうにつれていった). Note that the verb is transitive and requires an object (the person being taken).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

687

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ministry

Reading

Kanji

省Ministry, Conserve

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '省 (しょう)' refers to a government ministry or department. It is commonly used in the names of various ministries in Japan, such as '外務省 (がいむしょう)' (Ministry of Foreign Affairs) or '財務省 (ざいむしょう)' (Ministry of Finance). This suffix is attached to the name of the specific area of governance to denote the corresponding ministry. For example: Ministry of Education「文部科学省」(もんぶかがくしょう). Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare「厚生労働省」(こうせいろうどうしょう). The term is formal and is used in official contexts to refer to government bodies.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

714

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Leave, Save

Reading

Kanji

残Remainder

Explanation

The Japanese verb '残す (のこす)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to leave something behind', such as leaving food on a plate or leaving a task unfinished. For example: I left some food on my plate「私は食べ物を少し残した」(わたしはたべものをすこしのこした). The second meaning is 'to save or preserve something for later', such as saving money or keeping a record. For example: He saved some money for emergencies「彼は緊急用にお金を残した」(かれはきんきゅうようにおかねをのこした). The verb is often used in contexts where something is intentionally kept or not fully consumed.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

715

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Weekend

Reading

Kanji

週Week 末End

Explanation

The Japanese noun '週末 (しゅうまつ)' means 'weekend'. It refers to the period from Saturday to Sunday, which is typically a time for rest, leisure, or personal activities in Japan. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation to discuss plans or activities during this time. For example: I will go shopping this weekend「今週末は買い物に行きます」(こんしゅうまつはかいものにいきます). How was your weekend?「週末はどうでしたか？」(しゅうまつはどうでしたか？). The word is neutral and can be used in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

724

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cooking, Cuisine

Reading

Kanji

理Reason 料Materials, Fee

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '料理 (りょうり)' primarily means 'cooking' or 'cuisine'. It refers to the act of preparing food or the style of food preparation. This word is commonly used in contexts related to food, such as discussing cooking techniques, types of cuisine, or the process of making a meal. For example: I enjoy cooking「料理が好きです」(りょうりがすきです). Japanese cuisine is delicious「日本料理は美味しい」(にほんりょうりはおいしい). The word can also be used to describe a specific dish or meal, as in 'tonight's dinner'「今夜の料理」(こんやのりょうり).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

725

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Impossible

Reading

Kanji

理Reason 無Nothing

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '無理 (むり)' means 'impossible' or 'unreasonable'. It is often used to describe situations, requests, or actions that are beyond one's capability or are too demanding. It can also imply that something is forced or done against one's will. For example: It's impossible to finish this by tomorrow「これを明日までに終わらせるのは無理だ」(これをあしたまでにおわらせるのはむりだ). Don't push yourself too hard; it's unreasonable「無理をしないで」(むりをしないで). The word can also be used to describe something that is physically or mentally straining, as in '無理な要求 (むりなようきゅう) (unreasonable demand)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

726

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fee

Reading

Kanji

料Materials, Fee

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '料 (りょう)' is commonly used to indicate a fee, charge, or cost associated with a service or product. It is often attached to nouns to specify what the fee is for. For example: entrance fee「入場料」(にゅうじょうりょう), tuition fee「授業料」(じゅぎょうりょう), or service charge「サービス料」(サービスりょう). This suffix is widely used in contexts related to payments, services, and transactions. It is important to note that '料' is not used alone as a standalone word but always as part of a compound noun.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

730

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Transportation cost

Reading

Kanji

交Mix 通Commute, Pass 費Expense

Explanation

The Japanese noun '交通費 (こうつうひ)' refers to the cost or expenses related to transportation. This term is commonly used in contexts such as business trips, commuting, or any situation where transportation costs are incurred and reimbursed. For example: The company will cover my transportation costs「会社が私の交通費を負担します」(かいしゃがわたしのこうつうひをふたんします). Please submit your transportation expenses by the end of the month「月末までに交通費を提出してください」(げつまつまでにこうつうひをていしゅつしてください).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

735

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Add

Reading

Kanji

加Join, Add

Explanation

The Japanese verb '加える (くわえる)' means 'to add'. It is used when incorporating something into a group, mixture, or situation. This verb can be applied in various contexts, such as adding ingredients to a recipe, adding information to a discussion, or adding a new member to a team. For example: add sugar to the tea「お茶に砂糖を加える」(おちゃにさとうをくわえる). He added a new rule to the game「彼はゲームに新しいルールを加えた」(かれはゲームにあたらしいルールをくわえた). Note that '加える' often implies a deliberate action of inclusion.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

739

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lose

Reading

Kanji

失Lose, Fault

Explanation

The Japanese verb '失う (うしなう)' means 'to lose'. It is used when someone or something loses a possession, a person, an opportunity, or even an abstract concept like hope or trust. This verb can be used in both literal and figurative contexts. For example: I lost my wallet「財布を失った」(さいふをうしなった). He lost his job「彼は仕事を失った」(かれはしごとをうしなった). She lost her confidence「彼女は自信を失った」(かのじょはじしんをうしなった). The verb often carries a sense of permanence or irreversibility, emphasizing the gravity of the loss.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

761

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Disappear, Runout

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing

Explanation

The Japanese verb '無くなる (なくなる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to disappear', referring to something vanishing or ceasing to exist. For example: my keys disappeared「鍵が無くなった」(かぎがなくなった). The second meaning is 'to run out', referring to the depletion of something. For example: the milk ran out「牛乳が無くなった」(ぎゅうにゅうがなくなった). This verb is often used in everyday conversation to describe the loss or exhaustion of items, feelings, or states.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

765

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Without

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '無し (なし)' means 'without'. It is used to indicate the absence or lack of something. This word is often used in combination with other nouns to express the idea of something being missing or not present. For example: sugar without milk「ミルク無しの砂糖」(ミルクなしのさとう). A life without worries「心配無しの生活」(しんぱいなしのせいかつ). It can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as in the phrase '無しで済む (なしですむ)', which means 'to manage without'. Note that '無し' is often written in hiragana as 'なし' in modern Japanese, especially in casual contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

778

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Complete

Reading

Kanji

全Whole, All 完Complete

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '完全 (かんぜん)' means 'complete' or 'perfect'. It is used to describe something that is whole, without any deficiencies, or fully realized. This term can be applied to a wide range of contexts, from physical objects to abstract concepts. For example: This is a complete set「これは完全なセットです」(これはかんぜんなセットです). The plan was executed perfectly「計画は完全に実行された」(けいかくはかんぜんにじっこうされた). Note that '完全' can also be used to emphasize the entirety or perfection of a situation or object, often implying that nothing is missing or out of place.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

794

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Inconvenient

Reading

Kanji

便Convenience 不Not

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不便 (ふべん)' means 'inconvenient'. It is used to describe situations, objects, or circumstances that are not easy to use, lack practicality, or cause difficulty. For example: This area is inconvenient because there are no shops「この地域は不便です、お店がないから」(このちいきはふべんです、おみせがないから). The train schedule is inconvenient for me「電車のスケジュールは不便です」(でんしゃのすけじゅーるはふべんです). Note that '不便' is often used to express dissatisfaction or frustration with a lack of convenience.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

795

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Expense

Reading

Kanji

費Expense

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '費 (ひ)' means 'expense' or 'cost'. It is commonly attached to nouns to indicate the cost or expenditure related to that noun. For example, '生活費 (せいかつひ)' means 'living expenses', and '交通費 (こうつうひ)' means 'transportation costs'. This suffix is often used in formal or financial contexts. Example sentences: The company covers transportation costs「会社が交通費を負担する」(かいしゃがこうつうひをふたんする). Living expenses are high in Tokyo「東京では生活費が高い」(とうきょうではせいかつひがたかい).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

803

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Low

Reading

Kanji

低Low

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '低い (ひくい)' means 'low'. It is used to describe something that has a relatively small height, level, or position. This can refer to physical objects, such as buildings or mountains, as well as abstract concepts like volume, temperature, or status. For example: the table is low「テーブルが低い」(てーぶるがひくい). His voice is low「彼の声は低い」(かれのこえはひくい). The temperature is low today「今日は気温が低い」(きょうはきおんがひくい). This adjective is often used in comparisons, such as 'lower than' (より低い).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

807

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Toilet

Reading

Kanji

便Convenience 所Place

Explanation

The Japanese noun '便所 (べんじょ)' refers to a 'toilet' or 'restroom'. It is a somewhat old-fashioned or blunt term, often used in casual or informal contexts. While it is still understood, it is less commonly used in modern Japanese compared to more polite terms like 'トイレ (といれ)' or 'お手洗い (おてあらい)'. Example sentences: Where is the toilet?「便所はどこですか？」(べんじょはどこですか？). The toilet is over there「便所はあそこです」(べんじょはあそこです). Note that this word can sometimes carry a slightly crude or humorous tone, so it is best used with caution in formal settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

809

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Delivery

Reading

Kanji

達Attain, Plural 配Distribute

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '配達 (はいたつ)' refers to the act of delivering goods, mail, or packages to a specified location. It is commonly used in contexts related to postal services, food delivery, or courier services. For example: The delivery arrived「配達が届きました」(はいたつがとどきました). I ordered pizza delivery「ピザの配達を注文しました」(ぴざのはいたつをちゅうもんしました). The word is often used in compound phrases like '配達員 (はいたついん)' (delivery person) or '配達サービス (はいたつサービス)' (delivery service).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

837

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Winning bid

Reading

Kanji

札Tag, Bill 落Fall

Explanation

The Japanese noun '落札 (らくさつ)' refers to the act of winning a bid, typically in an auction. It is commonly used in contexts involving auctions, tenders, or competitive bidding processes. For example: He won the bid for the painting「彼はその絵の落札をした」(かれはそのえのらくさつをした). The company secured the contract through a successful bid「その会社は落札によって契約を獲得した」(そのかいしゃはらくさつによってけいやくをかくとくした). The term emphasizes the successful acquisition of an item or contract through competitive bidding.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

838

Composition

kanji

Handwriting