Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Kanji JLPT Level

word

Meaning

Zero

Reading

Kanji

零Zero

Explanation

The Japanese noun '零 (れい)' means 'zero'. It is used to denote the number zero, often in contexts such as mathematics, scores, or temperatures. For example: The temperature is zero degrees「温度は零度です」(おんどはれいどです). The score is zero「スコアは零です」(スコアはれいです). This word can also be used metaphorically to indicate nothingness or the absence of something, as in 'He has zero experience「彼は経験が零です」(かれはけいけんがれいです)'. Note that '零' is more formal than the alternative 'ゼロ', which is also commonly used in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

227

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Line

Reading

Kanji

線Line

Explanation

The Japanese noun '線 (せん)' primarily means 'line'. It refers to a straight or curved continuous mark or path, such as a drawn line, a railway line, or a boundary line. It can also metaphorically represent a sequence or connection, such as a line of thought. Example sentences: Draw a straight line「まっすぐな線を引いて」(まっすぐなせんをひいて). The train is on the wrong line「電車が間違った線に乗っている」(でんしゃがまちがったせんにのっている). The line between right and wrong is sometimes unclear「正しいことと間違っていることの線は時には曖昧だ」(ただしいこととまちがっていることのせんはときにはあいまいだ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

269

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

In short

Reading

Kanji

詰Stuff, Packed

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '詰まり (つまり)' is used to summarize or conclude a point, often translating to 'in short', 'in other words', or 'that is to say'. It is commonly used to rephrase or clarify a previous statement, making it easier to understand. For example: In short, he is busy「つまり、彼は忙しい」(つまり、かれはいそがしい). That is to say, we need to hurry「つまり、急ぐ必要がある」(つまり、いそぐひつようがある). It can also be used to indicate the essence or main point of something, as in 'The point is, we need to save money'「つまり、お金を節約する必要がある」(つまり、おかねをせつやくするひつようがある).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

280

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Prefecture

Reading

Kanji

県Prefecture

Explanation

The Japanese noun '県 (けん)' refers to a 'prefecture', which is an administrative division in Japan, similar to a state or province in other countries. Japan is divided into 47 prefectures, each with its own local government. This term is commonly used in addresses, official documents, and when discussing regional differences. For example: I live in Tokyo Prefecture「私は東京都に住んでいます」(わたしはとうきょうとにすんでいます). Kyoto Prefecture is beautiful「京都県は美しい」(きょうとけんはうつくしい). Note that some prefectures, like Tokyo (東京都, とうきょうと), use '都' instead of '県' in their names.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

303

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cloud, Gloom

Reading

Kanji

曇Cloudy

Explanation

The Japanese verb '曇る (くもる)' primarily means 'to become cloudy' or 'to cloud over', referring to the sky or weather. It can also metaphorically describe a person's mood or expression becoming gloomy or clouded. For example: The sky is cloudy today「今日は空が曇っている」(きょうはそらがくもっている). Her face clouded with sadness「彼女の顔は悲しみで曇った」(かのじょのかおはかなしみでくもった). This verb is commonly used in weather forecasts and everyday conversations about the weather or emotional states.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

335

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

General

Reading

Kanji

一One 般Sort, Carrier

Explanation

The Japanese noun '一般 (いっぱん)' means 'general' and refers to something that is common, widespread, or applicable to the majority. It is often used to describe concepts, rules, or ideas that are not specific or specialized. For example: general public「一般の人々」(いっぱんのひとびと). This is a general rule「これは一般のルールです」(これはいっぱんのルールです). It can also be used in phrases like '一般向け (いっぱんむけ)' meaning 'for the general public' or '一般論 (いっぱんろん)' meaning 'general theory'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

349

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Area

Reading

Kanji

地Ground 域Area, Limits

Explanation

The Japanese noun '地域 (ちいき)' refers to a specific 'area' or 'region'. It is commonly used to describe a geographical area, such as a district, zone, or locality. This word can also be used in contexts discussing regional characteristics, such as culture, economy, or climate. For example: This area is famous for its hot springs「この地域は温泉で有名です」(このちいきはおんせんでゆうめいです). The government is investing in rural areas「政府は地方地域に投資しています」(せいふはちほうちいきにとうししています). Note that '地域' often implies a defined or bounded space, whether physical or conceptual.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

354

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sweet, Lenient

Reading

Kanji

甘Sweet

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '甘い (あまい)' primarily means 'sweet', referring to taste, but it can also mean 'lenient' or 'indulgent' when describing behavior or judgment. For example: this cake is sweet「このケーキは甘い」(このケーキはあまい). He is too lenient with his students「彼は生徒に甘い」(かれはせいとにあまい). The word can also imply naivety or being overly optimistic, as in '甘い考え (あまいかんがえ) (naive thinking)'. It's important to note that the context determines which meaning is intended.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

379

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Situation

Reading

Kanji

状Form, Condition 況Situation, Condition

Explanation

The Japanese noun '状況 (じょうきょう)' means 'situation' or 'circumstances'. It refers to the state or condition of things at a particular time, often used to describe the context or environment in which something occurs. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal settings to discuss current events, conditions, or states of affairs. For example: The situation is serious「状況は深刻です」(じょうきょうはしんこくです). I need to understand the situation better「状況をもっと理解する必要があります」(じょうきょうをもっとりかいするひつようがあります). It can also be used in phrases like '状況を把握する (じょうきょうをはあくする)' which means 'to grasp the situation'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

400

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Temple

Reading

Kanji

寺Temple

Explanation

The Japanese noun '寺 (てら)' refers to a Buddhist temple, a place of worship and religious practice in Buddhism. It is distinct from Shinto shrines, which are called '神社 (じんじゃ)'. Temples often house statues of Buddha, serve as centers for meditation, and host various religious ceremonies. For example: I visited a temple「寺を訪れました」(てらをおとずれました). There is an old temple in Kyoto「京都に古い寺があります」(きょうとにふるいてらがあります). The word is commonly used in contexts related to religion, history, and tourism.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

401

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mold, Pattern

Reading

Kanji

型Model, Type

Explanation

The Japanese noun '型 (かた)' can mean 'pattern' or 'mold'. As 'pattern', it refers to a repeated design or model, often used in contexts like traditional crafts or behavior. For example: This kimono has a beautiful pattern「この着物は美しい型がある」(このきものはうつくしいかたがある). As 'mold', it refers to a hollow container used to give shape to molten or liquid material. For example: The cake was made using a silicone mold「そのケーキはシリコンの型を使って作られた」(そのケーキはシリコンのかたをつかってつくられた). The word can also imply a standard or model to be followed, as in traditional arts or martial arts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

426

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Individual

Reading

Kanji

個Individual 人Person

Explanation

The Japanese noun '個人 (こじん)' means 'individual'. It refers to a single person as distinct from a group or society. This term is often used in contexts emphasizing the rights, responsibilities, or characteristics of a single person. For example: respect for the individual「個人の尊重」(こじんのそんちょう). The decision was made by an individual「その決定は個人によってなされた」(そのけっていはこじんによってなされた). It is also commonly used in legal, social, and philosophical discussions to highlight the importance of the individual within a larger context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

428

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Village

Reading

Kanji

村Village

Explanation

The Japanese noun '村 (むら)' means 'village'. It refers to a small community or settlement, typically in a rural area, smaller than a town or city. This word is often used to describe a place with a close-knit community and a simpler way of life. For example: I live in a small village「私は小さな村に住んでいます」(わたしはちいさなむらにすんでいます). The village is surrounded by mountains「その村は山に囲まれています」(そのむらはやまにかこまれています). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe a group of people with shared characteristics, such as 'the village of artists' (芸術家の村, げいじゅつかのむら).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

430

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

History

Reading

Kanji

歴Curriculum, Continuation 史History

Explanation

The Japanese noun '歴史 (れきし)' means 'history'. It refers to the study or record of past events, particularly those involving human affairs. This word is commonly used in academic, cultural, and everyday contexts to discuss historical events, periods, or the development of societies. For example: I study Japanese history「私は日本の歴史を勉強します」(わたしはにほんのれきしをべんきょうします). This town has a long history「この町は長い歴史があります」(このまちはながいれきしがあります). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe the background or development of something, such as a person's life or an organization.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

436

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Government

Reading

Kanji

政Government, Politics 府Government office, Urban prefecture

Explanation

The Japanese noun '政府 (せいふ)' refers to the governing body of a nation or state, commonly translated as 'government'. It is used to describe the system or group of people governing an organized community, often a state. This term is neutral and can refer to any form of government, whether democratic, autocratic, or otherwise. Example sentences include: The government announced a new policy「政府は新しい政策を発表した」(せいふはあたらしいせいさくをはっぴょうした). The government is responsible for public safety「政府は公共の安全に責任がある」(せいふはこうきょうのあんぜんにせきにんがある).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

452

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Technology

Reading

Kanji

技Skill 術Art, Technique

Explanation

The Japanese noun '技術 (ぎじゅつ)' primarily means 'technology' or 'technique'. It refers to the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry, or the skills and methods used in a particular field. It can be used in various contexts, from discussing advancements in technology to describing someone's skill in a craft or art. For example: Japan is known for its advanced technology「日本は先進的な技術で知られている」(にほんはせんしんてきなぎじゅつでしられている). He has excellent technique in painting「彼は絵画の技術が優れている」(かれはかいがのぎじゅつがすぐれている).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

453

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cooperation

Reading

Kanji

協Cooperate 力Power

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '協力 (きょうりょく)' means 'cooperation'. It refers to the act of working together with others to achieve a common goal. This word is often used in contexts involving teamwork, collaboration, or mutual assistance. For example: Thank you for your cooperation「ご協力ありがとうございます」(ごきょうりょくありがとうございます). We need everyone's cooperation to succeed「成功するにはみんなの協力が必要です」(せいこうするにはみんなのきょうりょくがひつようです). The word can also be used in formal or informal settings, making it versatile in both professional and casual conversations.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

474

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

State

Reading

Kanji

述State, Mention

Explanation

The Japanese verb '述べる (のべる)' means 'to state' or 'to express'. It is used when someone is formally or clearly stating an opinion, fact, or explanation. This verb is often used in written or formal contexts, such as essays, reports, or speeches. For example: He stated his opinion clearly「彼は意見を述べた」(かれはけんをのべた). The professor explained the theory in detail「教授は理論を詳しく述べた」(きょうじゅはりろんをくわしくのべた). Note that '述べる' carries a nuance of formality and clarity, distinguishing it from more casual verbs like '言う (いう)' (to say).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

476

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Woods

Reading

Kanji

林Grove

Explanation

The Japanese noun '林 (はやし)' refers to a small or medium-sized wooded area, often smaller than a forest. It is used to describe a grove or a cluster of trees. For example: there is a woods near my house「私の家の近くに林があります」(わたしのいえのちかくにはやしがあります). We took a walk in the woods「私たちは林の中を散歩しました」(わたしたちははやしのなかをさんぽしました). The word is distinct from '森 (もり)', which refers to a larger forest.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

508

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Effect

Reading

Kanji

効Effective 果Fruit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '効果 (こうか)' means 'effect'. It refers to the result or impact of an action, event, or condition. This word is commonly used in various contexts, such as medicine, science, and everyday situations, to describe the outcome or influence of something. For example: The medicine had a good effect「薬は良い効果があった」(くすりはよいこうかがあった). The sound effects in the movie were impressive「映画の音響効果は印象的だった」(えいがのおんきょうこうかはいんしょうてきだった). It can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as the effect of a policy or strategy.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

509

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Army

Reading

Kanji

軍Army

Explanation

The Japanese noun '軍 (ぐん)' refers to an 'army' or 'military force'. It is commonly used to describe organized groups of soldiers or armed forces, often in the context of warfare or national defense. This term can also be used metaphorically to describe large groups or forces in non-military contexts. For example: The army is strong「その軍は強い」(そのぐんはつよい). He joined the army「彼は軍に入った」(かれはぐんにはいった). In historical or literary contexts, it may also refer to specific military units or factions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

527

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Contain, Include

Reading

Kanji

含Contain, Include

Explanation

The Japanese verb '含む (ふくむ)' primarily means 'to include' or 'to contain'. It is used to indicate that something is part of a larger whole or that something holds something else within it. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as in discussions about ingredients, components, or abstract concepts. For example: This drink contains alcohol「この飲み物はアルコールを含む」(こののみものはアルコールをふくむ). The price includes tax「その価格は税を含む」(そのかかくはぜいをふくむ). It can also be used metaphorically, as in 'Her words contained a hidden meaning'「彼女の言葉には隠された意味が含まれていた」(かのじょのことばにはかくされたいみがふくまれていた).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

528

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Target, Subject

Reading

Kanji

対Against 象Elephant, Phenomenon

Explanation

The Japanese noun '対象 (たいしょう)' can mean 'target' or 'subject', depending on the context. When used as 'target', it refers to something or someone that is the focus of an action, such as in marketing or research. For example: the target of this campaign is young people「このキャンペーンの対象は若者です」(このキャンペーンのたいしょうはわかものです). When used as 'subject', it refers to the main topic or theme of discussion or study. For example: the subject of today's lecture is Japanese history「今日の講義の対象は日本の歴史です」(きょうのこうぎのたいしょうはにほんのれきしです). The word is versatile and can be used in various fields, including business, education, and research.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

551

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Area

Reading

Kanji

辺Boundary, Vicinity

Explanation

The Japanese noun '辺り (あたり)' refers to a general area or vicinity. It is often used to describe the surrounding area of a specific location. This word can be used in various contexts, such as indicating the area around a place, or the general vicinity of an event. For example: The area around the station is lively「駅の辺りは賑やかです」(えきのあたりはにぎやかです). I think I left my bag somewhere around here「カバンをこの辺りに置いたと思います」(かばんをこのあたりにおいたとおもいます). Note that '辺り' can also imply a sense of approximation or vagueness when referring to a location.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

552

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Quantity

Reading

Kanji

量Measure, Quantity

Explanation

The Japanese noun '量 (りょう)' refers to 'quantity' or 'amount'. It is used to describe the volume, size, or extent of something, often in a measurable or observable way. This word is commonly used in contexts involving measurement, such as food, liquids, or abstract concepts like effort or time. For example: the quantity of water is large「水の量は多い」(みずのりょうはおおい). The amount of work is overwhelming「仕事の量がすごい」(しごとのりょうがすごい). It can also be used in compound words like '重量 (じゅうりょう)' (weight) or '熱量 (ねつりょう)' (heat quantity).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

565

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Easy

Reading

Kanji

簡Simplicity 単Simple, Single

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '簡単 (かんたん)' means 'easy'. It is used to describe tasks, problems, or situations that are not difficult to understand or accomplish. This word is often used in casual and formal contexts alike. For example: This problem is easy「この問題は簡単です」(このもんだいはかんたんです). Cooking rice is easy「ご飯を炊くのは簡単です」(ごはんをたくのはかんたんです). Note that '簡単' can also imply simplicity or straightforwardness, as in '簡単な説明 (かんたんなせつめい) (simple explanation)'. It is commonly used in everyday conversation and is a versatile term for describing ease or simplicity.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

583

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Interior

Reading

Kanji

奥Core, Heart

Explanation

The Japanese noun '奥 (おく)' refers to the 'interior' or 'inner part' of something, often implying depth or a hidden area. It is commonly used to describe the back or deeper parts of a space, such as a room, house, or even a forest. For example: the interior of the house「家の奥」(いえのおく). It can also be used metaphorically to describe something profound or not easily understood, such as the depths of one's heart. For example: the depths of her heart「彼女の心の奥」(かのじょのこころのおく). This word carries a nuance of something being concealed or not immediately visible.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

585

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Chapter

Reading

Kanji

章Chapter, Badge

Explanation

The Japanese noun '章 (しょう)' primarily means 'chapter'. It is used to refer to a main division of a book, typically with a number or title. This term is commonly found in academic texts, novels, and other written works. For example: Please read chapter three「第三章を読んでください」(だいさんしょうをよんでください). The final chapter was very interesting「最終章はとても面白かった」(さいしゅうしょうはとてもおもしろかった). Additionally, '章' can sometimes be used metaphorically to describe a phase or period in life or history, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

634

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Patient

Reading

Kanji

患Ill, Afflicted 者Someone

Explanation

The Japanese noun '患者 (かんじゃ)' refers to a 'patient', specifically someone who is receiving medical treatment or care. This term is commonly used in medical contexts, such as hospitals, clinics, or when discussing health-related matters. For example: The patient is resting「患者は休んでいます」(かんじゃはやすんでいます). The doctor is examining the patient「医者は患者を診察しています」(いしゃはかんじゃをしんさつしています). It is important to note that '患者' is a neutral term and does not carry any specific connotation beyond its medical meaning.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

653

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Each

Reading

Kanji

各Each

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '各 (かく)' means 'each' or 'every'. It is used to refer to individual items within a group or category. This prefix is commonly attached to nouns to indicate that something applies to every member of a group. For example: each country「各国」(かっこく). Each person「各人」(かくじん). It is important to note that '各' is often used in formal or written contexts, and it can be combined with various nouns to specify that something pertains to each item in a set. For instance: each company「各会社」(かくかいしゃ). Each station「各駅」(かくえき).

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

666

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Forehead

Reading

Kanji

額Amount, Forehead

Explanation

The Japanese noun '額 (ひたい)' refers to the 'forehead', the part of the face above the eyebrows and below the hairline. It is commonly used in everyday conversation and can also appear in idiomatic expressions or descriptive contexts. For example: She has a wide forehead「彼女は額が広い」(かのじょはひたいがひろい). He wiped the sweat from his forehead「彼は額の汗を拭いた」(かれはひたいのあせをぬぐった). The word is straightforward and primarily used in its literal sense.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

671

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Committee

Reading

Kanji

委Committee 員Member

Explanation

The Japanese noun '委員 (いいん)' refers to a 'committee' or a 'committee member'. It is used to describe a group of people appointed for a specific function or task, or an individual who is part of such a group. This term is commonly used in organizational, academic, and governmental contexts. For example: He is a member of the planning committee「彼は計画委員です」(かれはけいかくいいんです). The committee decided to postpone the event「委員はイベントを延期することに決めました」(いいんはイベントをえんきすることにきめました).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

681

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Structure

Reading

Kanji

構Structure, Care 造Make, Build

Explanation

The Japanese noun '構造 (こうぞう)' refers to the 'structure' of something, whether it be physical, organizational, or conceptual. It is used to describe the arrangement and interrelation of parts in a complex entity. For example: the structure of a building「建物の構造」(たてもののこうぞう). The structure of society「社会の構造」(しゃかいのこうぞう). This word is often used in technical, architectural, or sociological contexts to describe how components are organized and function together.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

691

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Subway

Reading

Kanji

地Ground 下Down 鉄Iron

Explanation

The Japanese noun '地下鉄 (ちかてつ)' means 'subway' or 'underground railway'. It refers to a rapid transit system that operates underground, commonly found in urban areas. This word is used to describe the transportation system itself or to refer to a specific subway line. For example: I take the subway to work「私は地下鉄で仕事に行きます」(わたしはちかてつでしごとにいきます). The subway is crowded in the morning「朝の地下鉄は混んでいます」(あさのちかてつはこんでいます). In Japan, the subway is a popular and efficient mode of transportation, especially in large cities like Tokyo and Osaka.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

696

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Directly

Reading

Kanji

直Straight, Repair 接Contact, Touch

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '直接 (ちょくせつ)' means 'directly'. It is used to describe actions or interactions that occur without any intermediaries or detours. This word is often used in contexts where something is done in a straightforward manner, such as communication, contact, or physical movement. For example: I spoke to him directly「彼に直接話しました」(かれにちょくせつはなしました). The package was delivered directly to my house「荷物は直接家に届けられました」(にもつはちょくせついえにとどけられました). It can also imply immediacy or lack of interference, as in 'directly responsible' or 'directly involved'.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

702

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Chest

Reading

Kanji

胸Chest, Breast

Explanation

The Japanese noun '胸 (むね)' primarily refers to the 'chest' area of the body. It can be used both literally, to describe the physical chest, and metaphorically, to refer to emotions or feelings that one holds deeply, often related to the heart or mind. For example: His chest was injured in the accident「彼の胸は事故でけがをした」(かれのむねはじこでけがをした). She held her feelings close to her chest「彼女は胸に思いを秘めていた」(かのじょはむねにおもいをひめていた). The word can also appear in expressions like '胸が痛い (むねがいたい)', which means 'my heart aches' or 'I feel emotional pain'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

705

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Counter

Reading

Kanji

枚Flat, Counter

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '枚 (まい)' is a counter used for flat, thin objects such as sheets of paper, plates, or shirts. It is one of the many counters in Japanese, each used for specific types of objects. For example: two sheets of paper「紙が二枚あります」(かみがにまいあります). I bought three shirts「シャツを三枚買いました」(シャツをさんまいかいました). This counter is essential for quantifying items in daily conversation and is often paired with numbers to indicate quantity.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

710

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ministry

Reading

Kanji

省Ministry, Conserve

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '省 (しょう)' refers to a government ministry or department. It is commonly used in the names of various ministries in Japan, such as '外務省 (がいむしょう)' (Ministry of Foreign Affairs) or '財務省 (ざいむしょう)' (Ministry of Finance). This suffix is attached to the name of the specific area of governance to denote the corresponding ministry. For example: Ministry of Education「文部科学省」(もんぶかがくしょう). Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare「厚生労働省」(こうせいろうどうしょう). The term is formal and is used in official contexts to refer to government bodies.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

714

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Setting

Reading

Kanji

設Set up, Establish 定Determine

Explanation

The Japanese noun '設定 (せってい)' primarily means 'setting'. It is used to refer to the configuration or arrangement of something, such as the settings of a device, the setup of a system, or the background and details of a story or scenario. For example: I changed the settings on my phone「携帯の設定を変えた」(けいたいのせっていをかえた). The setting of the story is in ancient Japan「物語の設定は古代日本です」(ものがたりのせっていはこだいにほんです). It can also refer to the act of establishing or determining something, such as setting a goal or rule. For example: We need to set a new rule「新しいルールを設定する必要がある」(あたらしいルールをせっていするひつようがある).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

748

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sale

Reading

Kanji

販Sell 売Sell

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '販売 (はんばい)' means 'sale' or 'selling'. It refers to the act of selling goods or services. This word is commonly used in business contexts, such as retail, marketing, and commerce. For example: The sale of this product starts tomorrow「この商品の販売は明日からです」(このしょうひんのはんばいがあすからです). This store sells various items「この店はいろいろな商品を販売しています」(このみせはいろいろなしょうひんをはんばいしています). Note that '販売' is often used in compound words, such as '販売員 (はんばいいん)' (salesperson) or '販売価格 (はんばいかかく)' (selling price).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

750

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Second floor

Reading

Kanji

二Two 階Storey

Explanation

The Japanese noun '二階 (にかい)' refers to the 'second floor' of a building. It is commonly used to describe the level above the ground floor in structures such as houses, offices, or stores. For example: The library is on the second floor「図書館は二階です」(としょかんはにかいです). I live on the second floor「私は二階に住んでいます」(わたしはにかいにすんでいます). This term is essential for giving or understanding directions within multi-story buildings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

752

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Specialty

Reading

Kanji

専Exclusive, Specialty 門Gate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '専門 (せんもん)' means 'specialty' or 'field of expertise'. It refers to a specific area of knowledge, study, or professional focus. This word is often used in academic, professional, or technical contexts to describe someone's area of specialization. For example: His specialty is Japanese history「彼の専門は日本史です」(かれのせんもんはにほんしです). I want to study computer science as my specialty「私の専門としてコンピュータサイエンスを勉強したいです」(わたしのせんもんとしてコンピュータサイエンスをべんきょうしたいです). The word can also be used in compound nouns, such as '専門家 (せんもんか)' (specialist) or '専門学校 (せんもんがっこう)' (vocational school).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

754

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Counter

Reading

Kanji

個Individual

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '個 (こ)' is a counter used for small, compact, or individual items. It is one of the most common counters in Japanese and is used for objects like fruits, eggs, stones, or other small, discrete items. For example: three apples「りんご三個」(りんごさんこ). two eggs「卵二個」(たまごにこ). It is important to note that '個' is often used when the exact shape or type of the object is not specified, making it a versatile counter. However, for specific items like books or cars, other counters like '冊 (さつ)' or '台 (だい)' are more appropriate.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

781

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mailman

Reading

Kanji

郵Mail 便Convenience 屋Shop, Roof

Explanation

The Japanese noun '郵便屋さん (ゆうびんやさん)' refers to a 'mailman' or 'postal worker'. It is a polite and friendly way to refer to someone who delivers mail. The suffix 'さん' adds a respectful tone, making it a common way to address or refer to postal workers in everyday conversation. For example: The mailman delivered a package「郵便屋さんが荷物を配達しました」(ゆうびんやさんがにもつをはいたつしました). I saw the mailman this morning「今朝郵便屋さんを見かけました」(けさゆうびんやさんをみかけました). This term is widely used in casual and formal contexts alike.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

798

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Postoffice

Reading

Kanji

郵Mail 便Convenience 局Bureau

Explanation

The Japanese noun '郵便局 (ゆうびんきょく)' refers to a 'post office', a place where mail is processed and distributed. It is a common term used in daily life when referring to sending or receiving mail, packages, or other postal services. For example: I went to the post office to send a letter「郵便局に手紙を出しに行きました」(ゆうびんきょくにてがみをだしにいきました). The post office is closed on Sundays「郵便局は日曜日に閉まっています」(ゆうびんきょくはにちようびにしまっています). This word is essential for anyone needing to use postal services in Japan.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

799

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Low

Reading

Kanji

低Low

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '低い (ひくい)' means 'low'. It is used to describe something that has a relatively small height, level, or position. This can refer to physical objects, such as buildings or mountains, as well as abstract concepts like volume, temperature, or status. For example: the table is low「テーブルが低い」(てーぶるがひくい). His voice is low「彼の声は低い」(かれのこえはひくい). The temperature is low today「今日は気温が低い」(きょうはきおんがひくい). This adjective is often used in comparisons, such as 'lower than' (より低い).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

807

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Winning bid

Reading

Kanji

落Fall 札Tag, Bill

Explanation

The Japanese noun '落札 (らくさつ)' refers to the act of winning a bid, typically in an auction. It is commonly used in contexts involving auctions, tenders, or competitive bidding processes. For example: He won the bid for the painting「彼はその絵の落札をした」(かれはそのえのらくさつをした). The company secured the contract through a successful bid「その会社は落札によって契約を獲得した」(そのかいしゃはらくさつによってけいやくをかくとくした). The term emphasizes the successful acquisition of an item or contract through competitive bidding.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

838

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Center, Middle

Reading

Kanji

中Center 央Center

Explanation

The Japanese noun '中央 (ちゅうおう)' primarily means 'center' or 'middle'. It refers to the central part of something, whether it's a physical space, an organization, or a concept. For example: the center of the city「街の中央」(まちのちゅうおう). The middle of the room「部屋の中央」(へやのちゅうおう). It can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as the central government「中央政府」(ちゅうおうせいふ). The word is versatile and can be applied to various contexts where the concept of centrality is relevant.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

843

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Floor

Reading

Kanji

階Storey

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '階 (かい)' is used to indicate the floor or level of a building. It is commonly attached to numbers to specify which floor something is on. For example: second floor「二階」(にかい). This suffix is essential for giving directions or describing locations within multi-story buildings. It is important to note that '階' is always used in combination with a number or counter, and it cannot stand alone to mean 'floor'. Additional examples include: third floor「三階」(さんかい), first floor「一階」(いっかい).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

846

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stage

Reading

Kanji

段Step, Stairs 階Storey

Explanation

The Japanese noun '段階 (だんかい)' refers to a 'stage' or 'phase' in a process, development, or progression. It is commonly used to describe steps or levels in a sequence, such as in education, projects, or personal growth. For example: This is the final stage of the project「これはプロジェクトの最終段階です」(これはぷろじぇくとのさいしゅうだんかいです). He is in the early stages of learning Japanese「彼は日本語学習の初期段階です」(かれはにほんごがくしゅうのしょきだんかいです). The word can also imply a gradation or ranking, such as in levels of difficulty or achievement.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

847

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Again

Reading

Kanji

再Again, Twice

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '再 (さい)' means 'again' or 're-'. It is used to indicate repetition or renewal of an action or state. This prefix is commonly attached to verbs or nouns to form compound words. For example: to rebuild「再建する」(さいけんする). To reconsider「再考する」(さいこうする). It can also be used in nouns like 'reconstruction'「再建」(さいけん) or 'reconsideration'「再考」(さいこう). The prefix emphasizes the idea of doing something once more or returning to a previous state.

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

849

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Compare

Reading

Kanji

比Compare, Ratio

Explanation

The Japanese verb '比べる (くらべる)' means 'to compare'. It is used when examining two or more things to identify similarities or differences. This verb is commonly used in everyday conversation and formal contexts. For example: Let's compare these two books「この二冊の本を比べましょう」(このにさつのほんをくらべましょう). I compared the prices of different stores「いろいろな店の値段を比べた」(いろいろなみせのねだんをくらべた). The verb can also imply a sense of competition, as in: She compared her skills with her friend's「彼女は自分のスキルを友達のと比べた」(かのじょはじぶんのスキルをともだちのとくらべた).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

861

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Surroundings

Reading

Kanji

周Circumference

Explanation

The Japanese noun '周り (まわり)' refers to the area or environment around something or someone. It can be used to describe physical surroundings, such as the area around a house, or more abstract contexts, like the people around you. For example: The surroundings are quiet「周りは静かです」(まわりはしずかです). I looked around「周りを見回した」(まわりをみまわした). This word is often used to indicate proximity or the immediate environment of a subject.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

864

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tax

Reading

Kanji

税Tax

Explanation

The Japanese noun '税 (ぜい)' refers to 'tax'. This term is used in contexts related to finance, government, and economics, denoting a compulsory financial charge imposed by a government on individuals or entities. It can refer to various types of taxes, such as income tax, sales tax, or property tax. For example: I paid my taxes「私は税を払った」(わたしはぜいをはらった). The government increased the tax rate「政府は税率を上げた」(せいふはぜいりつをあげた). Understanding this term is crucial for discussions about fiscal policy, personal finance, and legal obligations in Japan.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

886

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hundred million

Reading

Kanji

億Hundred million

Explanation

The Japanese noun '億 (おく)' represents the number 'hundred million' (100,000,000). It is used in contexts involving large quantities, such as population, money, or other numerical data. For example: The population of Japan is over 100 million「日本の人口は1億人以上です」(にほんのじんこうはいちおくにんいじょうです). The company made a profit of 500 million yen「その会社は5億円の利益を上げました」(そのかいしゃはごおくえんのりえきをあげました). This term is essential in financial, statistical, and demographic discussions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

891

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Castle

Reading

Kanji

城Castle

Explanation

The Japanese noun '城 (しろ)' means 'castle'. It refers to a large fortified building or complex, typically associated with historical Japanese architecture and samurai culture. Castles in Japan often served as military strongholds and residences for feudal lords. Example sentences: The castle is beautiful「城は美しい」(しろはうつくしい). I visited Himeji Castle「姫路城を訪れた」(ひめじじょうをおとずれた). Note that '城' can also be part of compound words, such as 'お城 (おしろ)', which is a more casual or affectionate way to refer to a castle.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

895

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Completely

Reading

Kanji

丸Round

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '丸で (まるで)' means 'completely' or 'entirely'. It is often used to emphasize that something is wholly or utterly a certain way, often in a figurative sense. It can also be used to draw comparisons, similar to the English phrase 'just like'. For example: It's completely different「丸で違う」(まるでちがう). It's just like a dream「丸で夢のようだ」(まるでゆめのようだ). The word can carry a nuance of surprise or exaggeration, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

898

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Practice

Reading

Kanji

練Practice 習Learn

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '練習 (れんしゅう)' means 'practice'. It refers to the act of repeatedly performing an activity or skill to improve proficiency. This word is commonly used in contexts such as sports, music, studying, or any activity requiring improvement through repetition. For example: I practice the piano every day「私は毎日ピアノを練習します」(わたしはまいにちピアノをれんしゅうします). He needs more practice「彼はもっと練習が必要です」(かれはもっとれんしゅうがひつようです). The word can also be used as a verb by adding 'する' (e.g., 練習する, to practice).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

904

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Waist, Lower back

Reading

Kanji

腰Loins, Waist

Explanation

The Japanese noun '腰 (こし)' primarily refers to the 'waist' or 'lower back' area of the body. It is commonly used in both physical and metaphorical contexts. For example, it can describe the physical part of the body, as in: my waist hurts「腰が痛い」(こしがいたい). It can also be used metaphorically to describe someone's resolve or determination, as in: he has a strong will「彼は腰が強い」(かれはこしがつよい). Additionally, '腰' is often used in idiomatic expressions, such as '腰を据える (こしをすえる)', which means 'to settle down' or 'to focus on something seriously'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

916

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Complex

Reading

Kanji

複Duplicate 雑Miscellaneous

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '複雑 (ふくざつ)' means 'complex'. It is used to describe situations, systems, or problems that are intricate, complicated, or difficult to understand. It can also describe emotions or relationships that are tangled or not straightforward. For example: The situation is complex「状況は複雑だ」(じょうきょうはふくざつだ). This machine has a complex structure「この機械は複雑な構造をしている」(このきかいはふくざつなこうぞうをしている). The relationship between them is complex「彼らの関係は複雑だ」(かれらのかんけいはふくざつだ). Note that '複雑' is often used in both formal and informal contexts to describe anything that is not simple or easy to grasp.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

918

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

In charge

Reading

Kanji

担Bear, Carry 当Hit, Appropriate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '担当 (たんとう)' refers to being in charge of or responsible for a particular task, role, or area. It is commonly used in professional or organizational contexts to indicate someone's assigned duties or responsibilities. For example: He is in charge of sales「彼は営業を担当しています」(かれはえいぎょうをたんとうしています). I am responsible for customer service「私はカスタマーサービスを担当しています」(わたしはカスタマーサービスをたんとうしています). The term can also be used to describe the person who is responsible, as in '担当者 (たんとうしゃ) (person in charge)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

929

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ward

Reading

Kanji

区District

Explanation

The Japanese noun '区 (く)' refers to a 'ward', which is an administrative division within a city, particularly in large urban areas like Tokyo. It is commonly used to denote specific districts or sections of a city. For example: I live in Shinjuku Ward「私は新宿区に住んでいます」(わたしはしんじゅくくにすんでいます). This ward is very busy「この区はとてもにぎやかです」(このくはとてもにぎやかです). The term is often used in addresses and official documents to specify a particular area within a city.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

937

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Management

Reading

Kanji

経Manage, Elapse 営Manage

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '経営 (けいえい)' refers to the act of managing or running a business, organization, or enterprise. It encompasses the overall administration, planning, and control of resources to achieve organizational goals. This term is often used in contexts related to business operations, corporate strategy, and leadership. For example: He is in charge of the management of the company「彼は会社の経営を担当している」(かれはかいしゃのけいえいをたんとうしている). Good management is essential for success「良い経営は成功に不可欠だ」(よいけいえいはせいこうにふかけつだ). The word can also imply the broader concept of stewardship or governance over resources.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

946

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reference

Reading

Kanji

参Participate 照Shine, Illuminate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '参照 (さんしょう)' means 'reference'. It is used to indicate the act of referring to something, such as a document, data, or source, for information or guidance. This term is commonly used in both formal and technical contexts, such as in academic writing, programming, or business documentation. For example: please refer to the manual for more details「詳細についてはマニュアルを参照してください」(しょうさいについてはマニュアルをさんしょうしてください). The data is referenced from the official report「そのデータは公式レポートから参照されています」(そのデータはこうしきレポートからさんしょうされています). Note that '参照' is often used in compound terms like '参照先 (さんしょうさき)' (reference destination) or '参照データ (さんしょうデータ)' (reference data).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

949

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Touch

Reading

Kanji

触Touch, Contact

Explanation

The Japanese verb '触れる (ふれる)' primarily means 'to touch' or 'to come into contact with'. It can be used both literally and figuratively. In its literal sense, it refers to physical contact, such as touching an object or surface. For example: Please do not touch the painting「絵に触れないでください」(えにふれないでください). In a figurative sense, it can mean to touch upon a topic or subject, as in: The speaker touched on an important issue「スピーカーは重要な問題に触れた」(スピーカーはじゅうようなもんだいにふれた). Additionally, '触れる' can also imply a brief or light touch, often suggesting a delicate or careful interaction. For example: The wind gently touched my face「風が私の顔に優しく触れた」(かぜがわたしのかおにやさしくふれた).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

950

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Again

Reading

Kanji

再Again, Twice

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '再び (ふたたび)' means 'again'. It is used to indicate that something is happening once more or returning to a previous state. This word often carries a slightly formal or literary tone and is commonly used in written language or formal speech. For example: He will try again「彼は再び挑戦する」(かれはふたたびちょうせんする). The leaves turned green again「葉は再び緑になった」(ははふたたびみどりになった). Note that '再び' is often used to describe events or actions that repeat after a significant interval or pause, emphasizing the recurrence of the situation.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

952

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lord

Reading

Kanji

殿Palace, Formal honorific title

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '殿 (との)' is a formal and respectful title used to address or refer to someone of high status, such as a lord, master, or superior. It is often used in historical contexts or in formal writing, such as letters or official documents. For example: addressing a lord「殿、お願いがあります」(との、おねがいがあります). In modern usage, it is less common but can still be found in certain formal or ceremonial contexts. It is important to note that this suffix conveys a high level of respect and should be used appropriately.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

974

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Calculation

Reading

Kanji

計Measure, Plan 算Calculate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '計算 (けいさん)' means 'calculation'. It refers to the process of performing mathematical operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division. It can also be used metaphorically to describe planning or estimating outcomes. For example: I did the calculation「計算をしました」(けいさんをしました). The calculation was correct「計算は正しかった」(けいさんはただしかった). This word is often used in contexts involving math, finance, or strategic planning.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

975

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Subtraction

Reading

Kanji

引Pull 算Calculate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '引き算 (ひきざん)' refers to the mathematical operation of subtraction. It is commonly used in educational contexts, such as in math classes or when explaining basic arithmetic. For example: I am practicing subtraction「引き算を練習しています」(ひきざんをれんしゅうしています). Subtraction is easier than addition「引き算は足し算より簡単です」(ひきざんはたしざんよりかんたんです). This term is often used alongside other arithmetic operations like '足し算 (たしざん) (addition)' and '掛け算 (かけざん) (multiplication)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

977

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Addition

Reading

Kanji

足Foot, Sufficient 算Calculate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '足し算 (たしざん)' refers to the mathematical operation of addition. It is used to describe the process of adding numbers together to find their total. This term is commonly used in educational settings, such as in math classes or when teaching children basic arithmetic. For example: Let's do addition「足し算をしましょう」(たしざんをしましょう). I am good at addition「私は足し算が得意です」(わたしはたしざんがとくいです). The term can also be used in everyday contexts when discussing calculations or sums.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

980

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Law

Reading

Kanji

法Law, Method 律Law, Rhythm

Explanation

The Japanese noun '法律 (ほうりつ)' refers to 'law' in the sense of a system of rules established by a government or authority. It is used to describe legal statutes, regulations, or the body of laws governing a society. This term is often used in formal or legal contexts. For example: This law protects the environment「この法律は環境を守る」(このほうりつはかんきょうをまもる). He studies law at university「彼は大学で法律を勉強している」(かれはだいがくでほうりつをべんきょうしている). The nuance of '法律' is broader than specific rules or regulations, as it refers to the overall legal framework.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

982

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Medical care

Reading

Kanji

医Doctor 療Cure, Heal

Explanation

The Japanese noun '医療 (いりょう)' means 'medical care'. This word refers to the professional services provided for the prevention, treatment, and management of illness and injuries. It can be used to refer to both general medical care and specialized treatments. For example: She works in medical care 「彼女は医療に従事している」 (かのじょはいりょうにじゅうじしている). Access to medical care is important 「医療へのアクセスは重要です」 (いりょうへのあくせすはじゅうようです). The word is often used in contexts related to healthcare facilities, insurance, and public health systems.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

985

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Division

Reading

Kanji

割Divide, Split 算Calculate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '割り算 (わりざん)' refers to the mathematical operation of division. It is commonly used in educational contexts, such as in math classes or when explaining arithmetic operations. For example: I learned division in school today「今日学校で割り算を習った」(きょうがっこうでわりざんをならった). Division is harder than multiplication「割り算は掛け算より難しい」(わりざんはかけざんよりむずかしい). This term is often used alongside other arithmetic operations like addition (足し算, たしざん), subtraction (引き算, ひきざん), and multiplication (掛け算, かけざん).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

987

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Arm

Reading

Kanji

腕Ability, Arm

Explanation

The Japanese noun '腕 (うで)' primarily refers to the 'arm', specifically the part of the body from the shoulder to the hand. It is commonly used in everyday conversation to talk about physical arms, but it can also metaphorically refer to one's skill or ability, especially in a professional or artistic context. For example: He has strong arms「彼は腕が強い」(かれはうでがつよい). She is skilled at cooking「彼女は料理の腕がいい」(かのじょはりょうりのうでがいい). The word can also appear in idiomatic expressions, such as '腕を磨く (うでをみがく)', which means 'to hone one's skills'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1001

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ticket

Reading

Kanji

切Cut 符Token, Symbol

Explanation

The Japanese noun '切符 (きっぷ)' refers to a 'ticket', typically used for transportation such as trains, buses, or airplanes. It can also refer to tickets for events or other services. This word is commonly used in daily life when purchasing or using tickets. For example: I bought a train ticket「電車の切符を買いました」(でんしゃのきっぷをかいました). Please show your ticket「切符を見せてください」(きっぷをみせてください). The word is straightforward and widely understood in contexts involving travel or entry to events.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1013

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ticket

Reading

Kanji

入Enter 場Place 券Ticket

Explanation

The Japanese noun '入場券 (にゅうじょうけん)' refers to a 'ticket' specifically for entering a venue, such as a theater, museum, or event. It is commonly used in contexts where admission is required. For example: I bought a ticket for the concert「コンサートの入場券を買いました」(コンサートのにゅうじょうけんをかいました). Please show your ticket at the entrance「入り口で入場券を見せてください」(いりぐちでにゅうじょうけんをみせてください). This word is distinct from other types of tickets, such as transportation tickets, as it specifically pertains to entry.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1015

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

History

Reading

Kanji

史History

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '史 (し)' means 'history'. It is often used as a suffix in compound words to denote a field or study related to history. For example: Japanese history「日本史」(にほんし). World history「世界史」(せかいし). This suffix is commonly used in academic contexts and is attached to nouns to form terms that refer to the history of a specific subject, place, or era. It is important to note that '史' is not used as a standalone word but rather as a part of compound words.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1016

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Discard

Reading

Kanji

捨Abandon, Discard

Explanation

The Japanese verb '捨てる (すてる)' means 'to discard' or 'to throw away'. It is used when getting rid of something that is no longer needed or wanted. This verb can be applied to physical objects, as well as abstract concepts like habits or feelings. For example: I threw away the old books「古い本を捨てた」(ふるいほんをすてた). She discarded her bad habits「彼女は悪い習慣を捨てた」(かのじょはわるいしゅうかんをすてた). It can also imply abandoning or giving up on something, such as in: He gave up on his dream「彼は夢を捨てた」(かれはゆめをすてた). The verb is often used in everyday situations, such as disposing of trash or letting go of unnecessary items.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1020

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Commuter pass

Reading

Kanji

定Determine 期Time, Period 券Ticket

Explanation

The Japanese noun '定期券 (ていきけん)' refers to a 'commuter pass', which is a type of ticket used for regular travel, typically between home and work or school, on public transportation systems like trains or buses. This pass is usually valid for a set period, such as one month, three months, or six months, and offers unlimited travel within the specified route during that time. Example sentences: I bought a commuter pass「定期券を買いました」(ていきけんをかいました). He lost his commuter pass「彼は定期券をなくしました」(かれはていきけんをなくしました).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1027

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Future

Reading

Kanji

将Leader, Commander 来Come

Explanation

The Japanese noun '将来 (しょうらい)' refers to the 'future' in terms of time or prospects. It is commonly used to discuss future plans, aspirations, or possibilities. For example: I want to think about my future「将来について考えたい」(しょうらいについてかんがえたい). His future is bright「彼の将来は明るい」(かれのしょうらいはあかるい). This word is often used in contexts related to career, education, or personal goals, emphasizing a forward-looking perspective.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1029

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Blood

Reading

Kanji

血Blood

Explanation

The Japanese noun '血 (ち)' means 'blood'. It refers to the red liquid that circulates in the arteries and veins of humans and other animals, carrying oxygen and nutrients. This word is often used in both literal and metaphorical contexts. For example: There is blood on the floor「床に血がある」(ゆかにちがある). Blood is important for life「血は命にとって重要だ」(ちはいのちにとってじゅうようだ). In Japanese culture, '血' can also symbolize family lineage or heritage, as in '血縁 (けつえん)' meaning 'blood relation'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1061

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Painful

Reading

Kanji

辛Hard, Spicy

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '辛い (つらい)' primarily means 'painful' or 'difficult'. It is often used to describe emotional or physical pain, as well as challenging situations. For example: it was a painful experience「それは辛い経験だった」(それはつらいけいけんだった). This work is difficult「この仕事は辛い」(このしごとはつらい). The word can also imply a sense of hardship or suffering, making it versatile in expressing both literal and metaphorical struggles. Note that '辛い' can also be read as 'からい' when referring to something being 'spicy', but in this context, we are focusing on the reading 'つらい'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1078

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Companion

Reading

Kanji

仲Relationship 間Interval, Space

Explanation

The Japanese noun '仲間 (なかま)' refers to a companion, friend, or someone who shares a common purpose or activity. It emphasizes a sense of camaraderie or belonging to a group. This word is often used to describe peers, colleagues, or members of the same team or community. For example: He is my companion「彼は私の仲間です」(かれはわたしのなかまです). We are companions in this project「私たちはこのプロジェクトの仲間です」(わたしたちはこのプロジェクトのなかまです). The term can also imply a shared bond or mutual support, such as in sports teams or work environments.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1087

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exceed

Reading

Kanji

超Surpass, Transcend

Explanation

The Japanese verb '超える (こえる)' means 'to exceed' or 'to go beyond'. It is used to describe surpassing a limit, boundary, or expectation. This verb can be applied in various contexts, such as physical boundaries, numerical limits, or abstract concepts. For example: The temperature exceeded 30 degrees「気温が30度を超えた」(きおんが30どをこえた). His skills exceed mine「彼のスキルは私を超えている」(かれのスキルはわたしをこえている). It can also be used metaphorically, as in 'to transcend' or 'to overcome'. Note that '超える' is often used with specific limits or thresholds, such as time, age, or quantity.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1096

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Extremely

Reading

Kanji

極Extreme, Pole

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '極めて (きわめて)' means 'extremely' or 'very'. It is used to emphasize the degree or intensity of something, often in formal or written contexts. This adverb is typically placed before adjectives or other adverbs to strengthen their meaning. For example: This problem is extremely difficult「この問題は極めて難しい」(このもんだいはきわめてむずかしい). The results were extremely satisfactory「結果は極めて満足のいくものだった」(けっかはきわめてまんぞくのいくものだった). Note that '極めて' carries a formal tone and is less commonly used in casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1098

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Damage

Reading

Kanji

被Incur, Be subjected to 害Harm

Explanation

The Japanese noun '被害 (ひがい)' refers to 'damage' or 'harm' caused by an event, accident, or disaster. It is commonly used in contexts involving natural disasters, accidents, or crimes. For example: The damage from the earthquake was severe「地震の被害は深刻だった」(じしんのひがい は しんこく だった). The company suffered significant losses due to the cyber attack「その会社はサイバー攻撃で大きな被害を受けた」(そのかいしゃ は サイバーこうげき で おおきな ひがい を うけた). This word is often used in news reports or formal discussions about negative impacts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1102

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Various

Reading

Kanji

諸Many, Various

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '諸 (しょ)' is used to indicate 'various' or 'many' when attached to nouns. It often implies a collective or plural sense, referring to multiple items or aspects of the noun it modifies. For example: various countries「諸国」(しょこく). It is commonly used in formal or written contexts. Another example: various opinions「諸意見」(しょいけん). Note that this prefix is not used in casual conversation and is typically found in compound words or formal expressions.

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1113

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Light

Reading

Kanji

軽Lightly

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '軽い (かるい)' primarily means 'light' in terms of weight. It can describe physical objects that are not heavy, such as a light bag「軽いバッグ」(かるいバッグ). It can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is not serious or significant, like a light conversation「軽い会話」(かるいかいわ). Additionally, it can describe something that is easy to do or handle, such as a light task「軽い仕事」(かるいしごと). The adjective is versatile and can be used in various contexts to convey the idea of something being light in weight, seriousness, or difficulty.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1119

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shoulder

Reading

Kanji

肩Shoulder

Explanation

The Japanese noun '肩 (かた)' means 'shoulder'. This word refers to the part of the body where the arm connects to the torso. It is commonly used in everyday conversation and can also appear in idiomatic expressions. For example: my shoulder hurts「肩が痛い」(かたがいたい). He patted me on the shoulder「彼は私の肩を叩いた」(かれはわたしのかたをたたいた). In Japanese culture, the shoulder can also symbolize responsibility or burden, as in '肩の荷が下りる (かたのにがおりる)', which means 'to be relieved of a burden'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1130

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Group

Reading

Kanji

集Gather 団Group, Association

Explanation

The Japanese noun '集団 (しゅうだん)' means 'group'. It refers to a collection of people or things gathered together, often with a common purpose or characteristic. This term is commonly used in various contexts, such as social groups, organizations, or even inanimate objects grouped together. For example: a group of students「学生の集団」(がくせいのしゅうだん). A group of buildings「建物の集団」(たてもののしゅうだん). The word can also imply a sense of unity or collective action within the group.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1131

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Equal, Lineup

Reading

Kanji

並Line, Row

Explanation

The Japanese verb '並ぶ (ならぶ)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to line up' or 'to stand in a row', referring to physical alignment. For example: people are lining up for the bus「人々がバスに並んでいる」(ひとびとがバスにならんでいる). The second meaning is 'to be equal to' or 'to rival', indicating a comparison of ability or status. For example: his skill equals that of a professional「彼の技術はプロに並ぶ」(かれのぎじゅつはプロにならぶ). The verb is commonly used in both literal and figurative contexts, and its meaning depends on the situation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1138

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Age

Reading

Kanji

年Year 齢Age

Explanation

The Japanese noun '年齢 (ねんれい)' means 'age'. It refers to the number of years a person or thing has existed. This word is commonly used in formal contexts, such as when filling out forms or discussing demographics. For example: What is your age?「あなたの年齢は何歳ですか？」(あなたのねんれいはなんさいですか？). The legal drinking age is 20「飲酒の法定年齢は20歳です」(いんしゅのほうていねんれいははたちです). Note that '年齢' is more formal than '歳 (さい)', which is also used to express age but in a more casual manner.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1153

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Group

Reading

Kanji

団Group, Association 体Body

Explanation

The Japanese noun '団体 (だんたい)' refers to a 'group' or 'organization', typically a formal or organized one. It is often used to describe entities such as corporations, associations, or clubs. For example: a sports organization「スポーツ団体」(スポーツだんたい). The group held a meeting「その団体は会議を開いた」(そのだんたいはかいぎをひらいた). This word emphasizes the collective nature of the group, often implying a structured or official entity.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1160

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Amount

Reading

Kanji

金Gold 額Amount, Forehead

Explanation

The Japanese noun '金額 (きんがく)' refers to the 'amount' of money, specifically the sum or total of a monetary value. It is commonly used in contexts involving transactions, payments, or financial discussions. For example: The total amount is 10,000 yen「金額は1万円です」(きんがくはいちまんえんです). Please check the amount on the receipt「領収書の金額を確認してください」(りょうしゅうしょのきんがくをかくにんしてください). This word is neutral and can be used in both formal and informal settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1188

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Square

Reading

Kanji

四Four 角Corner, Angle

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '四角い (しかくい)' means 'square'. It is used to describe objects or shapes that have four equal sides and four right angles, resembling a square. This word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is rigid or inflexible in nature. For example: This table is square「このテーブルは四角い」(このテーブルはしかくい). His way of thinking is too square「彼の考え方は四角すぎる」(かれのかんがえかたはしかくすぎる). Note that '四角い' is often used to describe physical shapes, but it can also be applied to abstract concepts to imply a lack of flexibility.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1199

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Intersection

Reading

Kanji

四Four 角Corner, Angle

Explanation

The Japanese noun '四つ角 (よつかど)' refers to an intersection where two roads or streets cross each other, typically forming a four-way crossing. This term is commonly used in everyday conversation when giving directions or describing locations. For example: Turn right at the intersection「四つ角を右に曲がってください」(よつかどをみぎにまがってください). The store is at the intersection「その店は四つ角にあります」(そのみせはよつかどにあります). The word emphasizes the four-cornered nature of the crossing, making it distinct from other types of intersections.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1200

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bag

Reading

Kanji

袋Bag, Sack

Explanation

The Japanese noun '袋 (ふくろ)' means 'bag'. It refers to a flexible container made of paper, cloth, plastic, or other materials, used to carry or store items. This word is commonly used in everyday contexts, such as shopping or packaging. For example: Please put it in the bag「袋に入れてください」(ふくろにいれてください). This bag is heavy「この袋は重い」(このふくろはおもい). The word can also refer to pouches or sacks, depending on the context. It is a versatile term used in various situations involving containers.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1202

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Corner

Reading

Kanji

曲Music, Bend 角Corner, Angle

Explanation

The Japanese noun '曲がり角 (まがりかど)' refers to a 'corner' or 'bend' in a road or path. It is often used both literally and metaphorically. Literally, it describes a physical turn or curve in a street or path. Metaphorically, it can signify a turning point or critical moment in life or a situation. For example: Turn right at the corner「曲がり角を右に曲がってください」(まがりかどをみぎにまがってください). This is a turning point in my life「これは私の人生の曲がり角です」(これはわたしのじんせいのまがりかどです). The word is commonly used in everyday conversation and literature to describe both physical and abstract concepts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1204

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stare

Reading

Kanji

見See 詰Stuff, Packed

Explanation

The Japanese verb '見詰める (みつめる)' means 'to stare' or 'to gaze intently'. It is used when someone is looking at something or someone with a fixed, intense, or prolonged gaze, often indicating deep thought, concentration, or emotion. This verb can be used in both positive and negative contexts, depending on the situation. For example: he stared at the painting「彼は絵を見詰めた」(かれはえをみつめた). She stared at me without saying a word「彼女は一言も言わずに私を見詰めた」(かのじょはひとこともいわずにわたしをみつめた). The verb often carries a nuance of seriousness or intensity, distinguishing it from casual looking or glancing.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1223

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Accommodate

Reading

Kanji

泊Overnight, Stay overnight

Explanation

The Japanese verb '泊める (とめる)' means 'to accommodate' or 'to let someone stay overnight'. It is commonly used when referring to providing lodging or a place to stay for someone, such as in a home, hotel, or inn. For example: I will accommodate my friend at my house「友達を家に泊める」(ともだちをいえにとめる). This hotel accommodates many guests「このホテルは多くの客を泊める」(このホテルはおおくのきゃくをとめる). The verb can also imply a temporary stay, often for a night or a short period. It is important to note that '泊める' is transitive, meaning it requires a direct object (the person being accommodated).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1224

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting