Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Kanji School Grade

word

Meaning

I

Reading

Kanji

私Private, Me

Explanation

The Japanese pronoun '私 (わたし)' is a common way to refer to oneself, equivalent to 'I' in English. It is gender-neutral and widely used in both formal and informal contexts. However, it is more commonly used by women in casual settings, as men might opt for alternatives like '僕 (ぼく)' or '俺 (おれ)' depending on the situation. Example sentences: I am a student「私は学生です」(わたしはがくせいです). I like apples「私はりんごが好きです」(わたしはりんごがすきです). In formal settings, '私' is universally appropriate regardless of gender.

Part Of Speech

pronoun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

40

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Take, Assume

Reading

Kanji

就Settle, Concerning

Explanation

The Japanese verb '就く (つく)' primarily means 'to take' or 'to assume' a position, role, or job. It is often used in formal contexts to describe starting a new job, position, or responsibility. For example: He took the position of manager「彼はマネージャーの職に就いた」(かれはマネージャーのしょくについた). She assumed the role of team leader「彼女はチームリーダーの役職に就いた」(かのじょはチームリーダーのやくしょくについた). This verb is also used in phrases like 'bedに就く (ベッドにつく)', meaning 'to go to bed'. It carries a formal tone and is typically used in professional or official settings.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

97

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Child

Reading

Kanji

子Child 供Accompany, Offer

Explanation

The Japanese noun '子供 (こども)' means 'child'. It refers to a young person, typically below the age of puberty. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation and can refer to one's own children or children in general. For example: The child is playing「子供が遊んでいる」(こどもがあそんでいる). I have two children「私は子供が二人います」(わたしはこどもがふたりいます). It can also be used in a broader sense to refer to young people collectively, as in 'children's park'『子供の公園』(こどものこうえん). Note that '子供' is a neutral term and does not carry any specific connotations unless contextually implied.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

120

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Close

Reading

Kanji

閉Close, Shut

Explanation

The Japanese verb '閉まる (しまる)' means 'to close'. It is an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object and describes something closing on its own. This verb is often used to describe doors, windows, or shops closing. For example: The door closed「ドアが閉まった」(ドアがしまった). The store closes at 9 PM「店は9時に閉まる」(みせはくじにしまる). Note that '閉まる' is different from '閉める (しめる)', which is a transitive verb meaning 'to close something' (e.g., 'I closed the door'「ドアを閉めた」(ドアをしめた)).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

123

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

You

Reading

Kanji

貴Precious 方Direction

Explanation

The Japanese pronoun '貴方 (あなた)' is a polite and formal way to say 'you'. It is commonly used in situations where the speaker wants to show respect or maintain a certain level of formality. However, in modern Japanese, it can also be used between close acquaintances or in romantic contexts. For example: Where are you going?「貴方はどこに行きますか？」(あなたはどこにいきますか？). I love you「貴方を愛しています」(あなたをあいしています). Note that overusing 'あなた' can sometimes sound distant or impersonal, so it is often omitted when the subject is clear from context.

Part Of Speech

pronoun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

127

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reason, Meaning

Reading

Kanji

訳Reason, Translation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '訳 (わけ)' can mean 'reason' or 'meaning'. It is often used to explain the cause or rationale behind something, or to clarify the meaning of a situation or statement. For example: There's a reason why I can't go「私が行けない訳がある」(わたしがいけないわけがある). What does this mean?「これはどういう訳ですか？」(これはどういうわけですか？). It can also be used in expressions like 'わけがない' (わけがない) to mean 'there's no way' or 'it's impossible', as in 'There's no way he could know that'「彼がそれを知っているわけがない」(かれがそれをしっているわけがない).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

129

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tonight

Reading

Kanji

今Now 晩Evening, Nightfall

Explanation

The Japanese noun '今晩 (こんばん)' means 'tonight'. It refers to the current evening or the night of the current day. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to indicate plans, events, or conditions occurring during the evening or night. For example: I will study tonight「今晩勉強します」(こんばんべんきょうします). The weather is nice tonight「今晩は天気がいい」(こんばんはてんきがいい). It is often used in greetings like '今晩は (こんばんは)', which translates to 'good evening'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

139

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Where

Reading

Kanji

何What 処Deal with

Explanation

The Japanese pronoun '何処 (どこ)' means 'where'. It is used to ask about the location of something or someone. This pronoun is commonly used in questions to inquire about places or directions. For example: Where is the station?「駅は何処ですか？」(えきはどこですか？). Where did you go?「何処に行きましたか？」(どこにいきましたか？). It can also be used in statements to indicate an unknown or unspecified location, such as 'I don't know where it is'「何処にあるか分からない」(どこにあるかわからない). The word '何処' is often written in hiragana as 'どこ' in modern Japanese, but the kanji form is still used in formal or literary contexts.

Part Of Speech

pronoun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

181

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Call

Reading

Kanji

呼Invite, Call

Explanation

The Japanese verb '呼ぶ (よぶ)' primarily means 'to call'. It can be used in various contexts, such as calling someone's name, summoning someone, or inviting someone. For example: I called my friend「友達を呼んだ」(ともだちをよんだ). Please call the doctor「医者を呼んでください」(いしゃをよんでください). Additionally, '呼ぶ' can also mean 'to refer to' or 'to be called' in certain contexts, such as naming or labeling something. For example: This is called sushi「これは寿司と呼ばれます」(これはすしとよばれます). The verb is versatile and widely used in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

222

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Economy

Reading

Kanji

経Manage, Elapse 済Finish, Settle

Explanation

The Japanese noun '経済 (けいざい)' means 'economy'. It refers to the system of production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services in a country or region. This word is commonly used in discussions about economic policies, market conditions, and financial systems. For example: The economy is growing「経済が成長している」(けいざいがせいちょうしている). Studying economics is important「経済学を勉強することは重要だ」(けいざいがくをべんきょうすることはじゅうようだ). The word can also appear in compound terms like '経済政策 (けいざいせいさく)' (economic policy) or '経済成長 (けいざいせいちょう)' (economic growth).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

257

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

A bit

Reading

Kanji

一One 寸Measurement

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '一寸 (ちょっと)' means 'a bit' or 'a little'. It is commonly used to indicate a small amount, degree, or extent of something. It can also be used to soften requests or statements, making them sound more polite or less direct. For example: Can you wait a bit?「ちょっと待ってくれますか？」(ちょっとまってくれますか？). I'm a bit busy「ちょっと忙しいです」(ちょっといそがしいです). Additionally, 'ちょっと' can be used to express hesitation or difficulty in answering a question, as in 'ちょっと難しいです (ちょっとむずかしいです) (It's a bit difficult).'

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

300

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

If

Reading

Kanji

若Young

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '若し (もし)' means 'if' and is used to introduce a hypothetical or conditional situation. It is often paired with conditional forms of verbs or expressions to indicate a possibility or assumption. For example: If it rains tomorrow, I will stay home「もし明日雨が降ったら、家にいます」(もしあしたあめがふったら、いえにいます). If you need help, please tell me「もし助けが必要なら、教えてください」(もしたすけがひつようなら、おしえてください). This word is commonly used in polite or formal contexts and is essential for constructing conditional sentences in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

323

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Figure

Reading

Kanji

姿Shape, Figure

Explanation

The Japanese noun '姿 (すがた)' refers to a person's figure, appearance, or form. It is often used to describe the physical shape or silhouette of someone or something, and can also imply the presence or absence of a person. For example: her figure disappeared into the crowd「彼女の姿は群衆の中に消えた」(かのじょのすがたはぐんしゅうのなかにきえた). The figure of a mountain in the distance「遠くに山の姿が見える」(とおくにやまのすがたがみえる). This word can also be used metaphorically to describe the state or condition of something, such as 'the figure of a company'「会社の姿」(かいしゃのすがた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

326

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Restroom

Reading

Kanji

手Hand 洗Wash

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'お手洗い (おてあらい)' means 'restroom' or 'toilet'. It is a polite and formal way to refer to a bathroom or lavatory. This term is commonly used in public places, restaurants, and formal settings. For example: Where is the restroom?「お手洗いはどこですか？」(おてあらいはどこですか？). I need to use the restroom「お手洗いをお借りしたいです」(おてあらいをおかりしたいです). The prefix 'お' adds politeness, making it suitable for polite conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

331

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Area

Reading

Kanji

地Ground 域Area, Limits

Explanation

The Japanese noun '地域 (ちいき)' refers to a specific 'area' or 'region'. It is commonly used to describe a geographical area, such as a district, zone, or locality. This word can also be used in contexts discussing regional characteristics, such as culture, economy, or climate. For example: This area is famous for its hot springs「この地域は温泉で有名です」(このちいきはおんせんでゆうめいです). The government is investing in rural areas「政府は地方地域に投資しています」(せいふはちほうちいきにとうししています). Note that '地域' often implies a defined or bounded space, whether physical or conceptual.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

354

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Eat, Receive

Reading

Kanji

頂Crown, Accept

Explanation

The Japanese verb '頂く (いただく)' is a humble form of 'もらう' (to receive) and '食べる' (to eat). It is used to express receiving something from someone of higher status or to humbly express eating or drinking. This verb conveys respect and gratitude towards the giver or the act of consuming. For example: I received a gift from the teacher「先生からプレゼントを頂きました」(せんせいからぷれぜんとをいただきました). I will eat this meal「この食事を頂きます」(このしょくじをいただきます). The verb is often used in formal situations or when showing politeness.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

359

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Right

Reading

Kanji

権Rights, Authority

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '権 (けん)' means 'right' or 'authority'. It is commonly used in compound words to denote legal, social, or moral rights, as well as authority or power. For example: human rights「人権」(じんけん), voting rights「選挙権」(せんきょけん), or authority「権力」(けんりょく). This suffix is often attached to nouns to create terms related to rights or authority. Example sentences: He has the right to vote「彼には選挙権がある」(かれにはせんきょけんがある). The government has authority「政府には権力がある」(せいふにはけんりょくがある).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

362

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Follow, Obey

Reading

Kanji

従Follow, Obey

Explanation

The Japanese verb '従う (したがう)' can mean 'to obey' or 'to follow'. When used to mean 'obey', it refers to complying with rules, orders, or authority. For example: obey the law「法律に従う」(ほうりつにしたがう). When used to mean 'follow', it can refer to following a path, a sequence, or someone's lead. For example: follow the instructions「指示に従う」(しじにしたがう). The verb can also imply following a natural course or logic, such as in: the river follows the valley「川は谷に従って流れる」(かわはたににしたがってながれる).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

369

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Katakana

Reading

Kanji

片Fragment, One sided 仮Temporary 名Name

Explanation

The Japanese noun '片仮名 (かたかな)' refers to one of the two Japanese syllabaries, specifically 'katakana'. Katakana is primarily used for writing foreign loanwords, onomatopoeia, scientific terms, and names of plants, animals, and minerals. It can also be used for emphasis, similar to italics in English. For example: The word 'coffee' is written in katakana「コーヒーは片仮名で書かれます」(コーヒーはかたかなでかかれます). Katakana characters are angular and simpler in form compared to hiragana. Another example: 'Pizza' is written as ピザ in katakana「ピザは片仮名で書きます」(ピザはかたかなでかきます).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

370

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Young

Reading

Kanji

若Young

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '若い (わかい)' means 'young'. It is used to describe someone or something that is in the early stage of life or development. This word can be applied to people, animals, plants, or even abstract concepts like ideas or organizations. For example: She is young「彼女は若い」(かのじょはわかい). This tree is still young「この木はまだ若い」(このきはまだわかい). The adjective can also imply inexperience or freshness, as in '若い考え (わかいかんがえ) (young/naive idea)'. It is important to note that '若い' is often used in a positive or neutral context, but it can sometimes carry a nuance of immaturity depending on the situation.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

380

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Want

Reading

Kanji

欲Desire, Longing

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '欲しい (ほしい)' means 'want'. It is used to express a desire for something or someone. This word is often used to indicate that the speaker wants a specific object or outcome. For example: I want a new car「新しい車が欲しい」(あたらしいくるまがほしい). She wants that book「彼女はその本が欲しい」(かのじょはそのほんがほしい). It can also be used to express a desire for someone to do something, as in 'I want you to come with me'「一緒に来て欲しい」(いっしょにきてほしい). Note that '欲しい' is typically used for tangible objects or specific actions, and it conveys a personal desire.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

386

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Admit, Acknowledge

Reading

Kanji

認Recognize, Admit

Explanation

The Japanese verb '認める (みとめる)' primarily means 'to acknowledge' or 'to admit'. It is used when recognizing or accepting the existence, truth, or validity of something. This verb can be applied in various contexts, such as acknowledging a fact, admitting a mistake, or recognizing someone's achievements. For example: He acknowledged his mistake「彼は自分の間違いを認めた」(かれはじぶんのまちがいをみとめた). The company admitted the problem「会社は問題を認めた」(かいしゃはもんだいをみとめた). It's important to note that '認める' can also imply a formal or official recognition, such as in legal or professional settings.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

411

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

No

Reading

Kanji

否Negate

Explanation

The Japanese interjection '否 (いや)' is a direct and somewhat informal way to say 'no'. It is often used in casual conversations to express disagreement, refusal, or to negate a statement. It can also convey a sense of hesitation or contradiction. For example: No, that's not true「いや、それは違う」(いや、それはちがう). No, I don't think so「いや、そうは思わない」(いや、そうはおもわない). In some contexts, it can also be used to express surprise or disbelief, such as 'No way!'「いや、まさか！」(いや、まさか！). This interjection is more commonly used in spoken language rather than formal writing.

Part Of Speech

interjection

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

431

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

We

Reading

Kanji

我Self, Ego

Explanation

The Japanese pronoun '我々 (われわれ)' means 'we'. It is a formal and somewhat literary way to refer to a group that includes the speaker. It is often used in speeches, formal writing, or when emphasizing a collective identity. For example: We must work together「我々は共に働かなければならない」(われわれはともにはたらかなければならない). We are responsible「我々は責任がある」(われわれはせきにんがある). Note that '我々' is less commonly used in casual conversation, where '私たち (わたしたち)' is more typical.

Part Of Speech

pronoun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

498

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Theory

Reading

Kanji

論Theory, Argument

Explanation

The Japanese noun '論 (ろん)' primarily means 'theory' or 'argument'. It refers to a systematic explanation or reasoning about a subject, often used in academic, philosophical, or logical contexts. It can also imply a discussion or debate about a topic. For example: His theory is interesting「彼の論は面白い」(かれのろんはおもしろい). We had a debate about politics「私たちは政治についての論をした」(わたしたちはせいじについてのろんをした). The word is often used in compound nouns, such as '理論 (りろん)' (theory) or '議論 (ぎろん)' (discussion/debate).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

507

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

We

Reading

Kanji

私Private, Me

Explanation

The Japanese noun '私たち (わたしたち)' means 'we'. It is a first-person plural pronoun used to refer to a group that includes the speaker. This word is gender-neutral and is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: we are friends「私たちは友達です」(わたしたちはともだちです). We went to the park「私たちは公園に行きました」(わたしたちはこうえんにいきました). It is important to note that '私たち' is often used to emphasize inclusivity, as it explicitly includes the speaker in the group being referred to.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

514

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

System, Type

Reading

Kanji

系Lineage

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '系 (けい)' can mean 'system' or 'type', depending on the context. When used to mean 'system', it refers to a group of interconnected elements or a structured method. For example: the solar system「太陽系」(たいようけい). When used to mean 'type', it categorizes things based on shared characteristics. For example: blood type「血液型」(けつえきがた) is sometimes referred to as '血液系' in informal contexts. This suffix is commonly attached to nouns to form compound words, and its meaning can vary slightly depending on the word it is attached to.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

524

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Self

Reading

Kanji

自Self 己Oneself

Explanation

The Japanese noun '自己 (じこ)' means 'self'. It refers to one's own identity, personality, or being. This term is often used in contexts related to psychology, philosophy, or self-reflection. For example: self-introduction「自己紹介」(じこしょうかい). He is reflecting on himself「彼は自己を反省している」(かれはじこをはんせいしている). The term can also be used in compound words to express concepts related to the self, such as 'self-control' (自己制御, じこせいぎょ) or 'self-esteem' (自己評価, じこひょうか).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

525

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Forget

Reading

Kanji

忘Forget

Explanation

The Japanese verb '忘れる (わすれる)' means 'to forget'. It is used when someone fails to remember something, whether it be information, an event, or an object. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as forgetting a task, a person, or even one's own belongings. For example: I forgot my wallet「財布を忘れました」(さいふをわすれました). Don't forget to call me「電話するのを忘れないで」(でんわするのをわすれないで). The verb can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as forgetting a feeling or a past experience. It is important to note that '忘れる' is often used with the particle 'を' to indicate the object that is forgotten.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

534

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

End

Reading

Kanji

済Finish, Settle

Explanation

The Japanese verb '済む (すむ)' primarily means 'to end' or 'to be finished'. It is used to indicate the completion of an action, task, or event. This verb can also imply that something has been resolved or taken care of, often with a sense of relief or finality. For example: The meeting ended「会議が済んだ」(かいぎがすんだ). I finished my homework「宿題が済んだ」(しゅくだいがすんだ). Additionally, '済む' can be used in expressions like '済まない (すまない)', which conveys a sense of apology or regret, meaning 'I'm sorry' or 'I owe you one'. For example: I'm sorry for the trouble「ご迷惑をおかけして済みません」(ごめいわくをおかけしてすみません).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

540

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Value

Reading

Kanji

価Price 値Value, Price

Explanation

The Japanese noun '価値 (かち)' means 'value'. It refers to the worth, importance, or usefulness of something, whether tangible or intangible. This word is often used in contexts discussing economic value, moral value, or the significance of an object, idea, or action. For example: This painting has great value「この絵は大きな価値がある」(このえはおおきなかちがある). The value of hard work is immeasurable「努力の価値は計り知れない」(どりょくのかちははかりしれない). It can also be used in phrases like '価値観 (かちかん)' meaning 'values' or 'sense of values'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

561

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

My

Reading

Kanji

我Self, Ego

Explanation

The Japanese determiner '我が (わが)' is an archaic or formal way to say 'my' or 'our'. It is often used in literary, formal, or poetic contexts to convey a sense of pride, possession, or belonging. For example: my country「我が国」(わがくに). our school「我が校」(わがこう). It is less commonly used in everyday conversation, where '私の (わたしの)' or '私たちの (わたしたちの)' are more typical. Note that '我が' is often followed by a noun, as in '我が家 (わがいえ) (my home)'.

Part Of Speech

determiner

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

576

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Every night

Reading

Kanji

毎Every 晩Evening, Nightfall

Explanation

The Japanese noun '毎晩 (まいばん)' means 'every night'. It is used to indicate that something happens or is done each night without exception. This word is often used in daily conversations to describe routines or habitual actions. For example: I read a book every night「毎晩本を読みます」(まいばんほんをよみます). She calls me every night「彼女は毎晩電話をくれます」(かのじょはまいばんでんわをくれます). The word '毎晩' is a combination of '毎' (every) and '晩' (night), and it is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

581

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Easy

Reading

Kanji

簡Simplicity 単Simple, Single

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '簡単 (かんたん)' means 'easy'. It is used to describe tasks, problems, or situations that are not difficult to understand or accomplish. This word is often used in casual and formal contexts alike. For example: This problem is easy「この問題は簡単です」(このもんだいはかんたんです). Cooking rice is easy「ご飯を炊くのは簡単です」(ごはんをたくのはかんたんです). Note that '簡単' can also imply simplicity or straightforwardness, as in '簡単な説明 (かんたんなせつめい) (simple explanation)'. It is commonly used in everyday conversation and is a versatile term for describing ease or simplicity.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

583

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Difficult

Reading

Kanji

難Difficult

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '難い (がたい)' is used to express that something is difficult or hard to do. It is often attached to the stem of verbs to convey that the action is challenging or nearly impossible to achieve. This suffix carries a nuance of something being not just difficult, but also rare or unlikely. For example: it's hard to believe「信じがたい」(しんじがたい). It's difficult to refuse「断りがたい」(ことわりがたい). Note that '難い (がたい)' is typically used in written or formal contexts, and it is less common in casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

591

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Emperor

Reading

Kanji

天Heaven 皇Emperor

Explanation

The Japanese noun '天皇 (てんのう)' refers to the 'emperor' of Japan, specifically the hereditary monarch who serves as the symbolic head of state. This term is deeply rooted in Japanese history and culture, and the emperor is considered a unifying figure for the nation. For example: The emperor visited the shrine「天皇が神社を訪れた」(てんのうがじんじゃをおとずれた). The emperor's role is largely ceremonial「天皇の役割は主に儀式的です」(てんのうのやくわりはおもにぎしきてきです). The term is also used in historical contexts to refer to past emperors.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

637

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Police

Reading

Kanji

警Warn 察Guess

Explanation

The Japanese noun '警察 (けいさつ)' refers to the police or law enforcement. It is used to describe the organization responsible for maintaining public order and safety, as well as enforcing laws. For example: The police arrived quickly「警察がすぐに来た」(けいさつがすぐにきた). I reported it to the police「警察に報告した」(けいさつにほうこくした). This term is commonly used in contexts involving crime, safety, and legal matters.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

649

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Difficult

Reading

Kanji

難Difficult

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '難しい (むずかしい)' means 'difficult'. It is used to describe something that is hard to understand, accomplish, or deal with. This word can be applied to tasks, problems, concepts, or situations. For example: This problem is difficult「この問題は難しい」(このもんだいはむずかしい). Learning Japanese is difficult「日本語を学ぶのは難しい」(にほんごをまなぶのはむずかしい). The word can also imply complexity or a high level of challenge. It is often used in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

662

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Policy

Reading

Kanji

政Government, Politics 策Plan, Policy

Explanation

The Japanese noun '政策 (せいさく)' refers to a 'policy', particularly in the context of government or organizational strategies and plans. It is used to describe a course or principle of action adopted or proposed by an authority. For example: The government announced a new economic policy「政府は新しい経済政策を発表した」(せいふはあたらしいけいざいせいさくをはっぴょうした). This company has a strict environmental policy「この会社は厳しい環境政策を持っている」(このかいしゃはきびしいかんきょうせいさくをもっている). The term is often used in formal contexts and can apply to various fields such as economic, social, or foreign policy.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

692

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Differ

Reading

Kanji

異Rare, Different

Explanation

The Japanese verb '異なる (ことなる)' means 'to differ' or 'to be different'. It is used to indicate a distinction or variation between two or more things, ideas, or situations. This verb is often used in formal or written contexts to highlight differences. For example: Their opinions differ「彼らの意見は異なる」(かれらのいけんはことなる). The two cultures are different「二つの文化は異なる」(ふたつのぶんかはことなる). Note that '異なる' is typically used in its dictionary form or in polite forms like '異なります (ことなります)', and it is less common in casual speech.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

695

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Chest

Reading

Kanji

胸Chest, Breast

Explanation

The Japanese noun '胸 (むね)' primarily refers to the 'chest' area of the body. It can be used both literally, to describe the physical chest, and metaphorically, to refer to emotions or feelings that one holds deeply, often related to the heart or mind. For example: His chest was injured in the accident「彼の胸は事故でけがをした」(かれのむねはじこでけがをした). She held her feelings close to her chest「彼女は胸に思いを秘めていた」(かのじょはむねにおもいをひめていた). The word can also appear in expressions like '胸が痛い (むねがいたい)', which means 'my heart aches' or 'I feel emotional pain'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

705

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Counter

Reading

Kanji

枚Flat, Counter

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '枚 (まい)' is a counter used for flat, thin objects such as sheets of paper, plates, or shirts. It is one of the many counters in Japanese, each used for specific types of objects. For example: two sheets of paper「紙が二枚あります」(かみがにまいあります). I bought three shirts「シャツを三枚買いました」(シャツをさんまいかいました). This counter is essential for quantifying items in daily conversation and is often paired with numbers to indicate quantity.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

710

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Search

Reading

Kanji

探Search

Explanation

The Japanese verb '探す (さがす)' means 'to search' or 'to look for'. It is used when someone is trying to find something that is lost, missing, or not immediately visible. This verb can be applied to both physical objects and abstract concepts, such as searching for a person, an item, or even an opportunity. For example: I am searching for my keys「鍵を探しています」(かぎをさがしています). He is looking for a job「彼は仕事を探しています」(かれはしごとをさがしています). The verb can also imply a sense of effort or persistence in the search, as in '探し続ける (さがしつづける) (to continue searching)'. It is important to note that '探す' is often used with the particle 'を' to indicate the object being searched for.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

717

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reach

Reading

Kanji

至Arrive, Climax

Explanation

The Japanese verb '至る (いたる)' means 'to reach' or 'to arrive at'. It is often used to describe reaching a destination, conclusion, or state. This verb can be used in both literal and figurative contexts. For example: The train reached the station「電車が駅に至った」(でんしゃがえきにいたった). After much discussion, we reached a conclusion「多くの議論の末、結論に至った」(おおくのぎろんのすえ、けつろんにいたった). Note that '至る' can also imply a process leading up to the final point, emphasizing the journey or progression.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

720

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Trouble

Reading

Kanji

困Trouble, Distress

Explanation

The Japanese verb '困る (こまる)' means 'to be in trouble' or 'to be troubled'. It is used to express a state of difficulty, distress, or inconvenience. This verb often conveys a sense of being at a loss or not knowing what to do in a situation. For example: I am in trouble because I lost my wallet「財布をなくして困っている」(さいふをなくしてこまっている). It can also be used to describe a situation where someone is inconvenienced or bothered by something: It troubles me when people are late「人が遅れると困る」(ひとがおくれるとこまる). The verb is commonly used in everyday conversation to express personal difficulties or challenges.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

736

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Specialty

Reading

Kanji

専Exclusive, Specialty 門Gate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '専門 (せんもん)' means 'specialty' or 'field of expertise'. It refers to a specific area of knowledge, study, or professional focus. This word is often used in academic, professional, or technical contexts to describe someone's area of specialization. For example: His specialty is Japanese history「彼の専門は日本史です」(かれのせんもんはにほんしです). I want to study computer science as my specialty「私の専門としてコンピュータサイエンスを勉強したいです」(わたしのせんもんとしてコンピュータサイエンスをべんきょうしたいです). The word can also be used in compound nouns, such as '専門家 (せんもんか)' (specialist) or '専門学校 (せんもんがっこう)' (vocational school).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

754

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Warm

Reading

Kanji

暖Warm

Explanation

The Japanese verb '暖まる (あたたまる)' means 'to warm up' or 'to become warm'. It is used to describe the process of something or someone becoming warm, either physically or emotionally. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as warming up food, a room, or even one's heart. For example: The room warmed up quickly「部屋はすぐに暖まった」(へやはすぐにあたたまった). My heart warms when I see my family「家族を見ると心が暖まる」(かぞくをみるとこころがあたたまる). It is important to note that this verb is intransitive, meaning it does not take a direct object. To express the act of warming something else, the transitive verb '暖める (あたためる)' is used.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

767

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Movie

Reading

Kanji

映Reflect 画Picture

Explanation

The Japanese noun '映画 (えいが)' means 'movie' or 'film'. It refers to a motion picture, typically shown in theaters or on television. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation when discussing films, going to the cinema, or watching movies. For example: I watched a movie yesterday「昨日映画を見ました」(きのうえいがをみました). This movie is interesting「この映画は面白い」(このえいがはおもしろい). The word can also be used in compound nouns, such as '映画館 (えいがかん)' (movie theater) or '映画監督 (えいがかんとく)' (film director).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

771

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Faction

Reading

Kanji

派Sect, Faction

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '派 (は)' is used to denote a group, faction, or school of thought. It is often attached to nouns to indicate affiliation or alignment with a particular group or ideology. For example: He belongs to the conservative faction「彼は保守派です」(かれはほしゅはです). She is part of the reformist group「彼女は改革派です」(かのじょはかいかくはです). This suffix is commonly used in political, artistic, or ideological contexts to describe someone's affiliation or stance.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

775

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Disability, Obstacle

Reading

Kanji

障Hinder, Hurt 害Harm

Explanation

The Japanese noun '障害 (しょうがい)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'obstacle', referring to something that blocks or hinders progress. For example: There is an obstacle on the road「道路に障害がある」(どうろにしょうがいがある). The second meaning is 'disability', referring to a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. For example: She has a physical disability「彼女は身体障害がある」(かのじょはしんたいしょうがいがある). The word is used in various contexts, including sports, technology, and social issues, making it important to understand the specific context in which it is used.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

780

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sit

Reading

Kanji

座Sit, Seat

Explanation

The Japanese verb '座る (すわる)' means 'to sit'. It is used to describe the action of taking a seated position. This verb is commonly used in everyday situations, such as sitting on a chair, the floor, or any surface. For example: Please sit down「どうぞ座ってください」(どうぞすわってください). I sat on the bench「ベンチに座った」(ベンチにすわった). The verb can also be used in more formal or polite contexts, such as '座ってください (すわってください)' (Please have a seat). It is important to note that '座る' is an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

785

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mailman

Reading

Kanji

郵Mail 便Convenience 屋Shop, Roof

Explanation

The Japanese noun '郵便屋さん (ゆうびんやさん)' refers to a 'mailman' or 'postal worker'. It is a polite and friendly way to refer to someone who delivers mail. The suffix 'さん' adds a respectful tone, making it a common way to address or refer to postal workers in everyday conversation. For example: The mailman delivered a package「郵便屋さんが荷物を配達しました」(ゆうびんやさんがにもつをはいたつしました). I saw the mailman this morning「今朝郵便屋さんを見かけました」(けさゆうびんやさんをみかけました). This term is widely used in casual and formal contexts alike.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

798

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Postoffice

Reading

Kanji

郵Mail 便Convenience 局Bureau

Explanation

The Japanese noun '郵便局 (ゆうびんきょく)' refers to a 'post office', a place where mail is processed and distributed. It is a common term used in daily life when referring to sending or receiving mail, packages, or other postal services. For example: I went to the post office to send a letter「郵便局に手紙を出しに行きました」(ゆうびんきょくにてがみをだしにいきました). The post office is closed on Sundays「郵便局は日曜日に閉まっています」(ゆうびんきょくはにちようびにしまっています). This word is essential for anyone needing to use postal services in Japan.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

799

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Religion

Reading

Kanji

宗Religion 教Teach

Explanation

The Japanese noun '宗教 (しゅうきょう)' means 'religion'. It refers to a system of beliefs, practices, and worship centered around a higher power or spiritual principles. This word is commonly used in discussions about faith, spirituality, or religious practices. For example: He studies religion「彼は宗教を勉強しています」(かれはしゅうきょうをべんきょうしています). Different religions coexist in this country「この国ではさまざまな宗教が共存しています」(このくにではさまざまなしゅうきょうがきょうぞんしています). The word can also be used in contexts like 'religious freedom' (宗教の自由, しゅうきょうのじゆう) or 'religious conflict' (宗教的対立, しゅうきょうてきたいりつ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

830

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Forgotten item

Reading

Kanji

忘Forget 物Thing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '忘れ物 (わすれもの)' means 'forgotten item' or 'something left behind'. It refers to an object that a person has accidentally forgotten to take with them, often used in situations like public transportation, restaurants, or schools. For example: Did you forget something? 「忘れ物はありませんか？」 (わすれものはありませんか？). I left my umbrella on the train 「電車に傘を忘れ物した」 (でんしゃにかさをわすれものした). The word is commonly used in announcements or reminders to ensure people do not leave personal items behind.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

832

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stage

Reading

Kanji

段Step, Stairs 階Storey

Explanation

The Japanese noun '段階 (だんかい)' refers to a 'stage' or 'phase' in a process, development, or progression. It is commonly used to describe steps or levels in a sequence, such as in education, projects, or personal growth. For example: This is the final stage of the project「これはプロジェクトの最終段階です」(これはぷろじぇくとのさいしゅうだんかいです). He is in the early stages of learning Japanese「彼は日本語学習の初期段階です」(かれはにほんごがくしゅうのしょきだんかいです). The word can also imply a gradation or ranking, such as in levels of difficulty or achievement.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

847

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Castle

Reading

Kanji

城Castle

Explanation

The Japanese noun '城 (しろ)' means 'castle'. It refers to a large fortified building or complex, typically associated with historical Japanese architecture and samurai culture. Castles in Japan often served as military strongholds and residences for feudal lords. Example sentences: The castle is beautiful「城は美しい」(しろはうつくしい). I visited Himeji Castle「姫路城を訪れた」(ひめじじょうをおとずれた). Note that '城' can also be part of compound words, such as 'お城 (おしろ)', which is a more casual or affectionate way to refer to a castle.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

895

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

In charge

Reading

Kanji

担Bear, Carry 当Hit, Appropriate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '担当 (たんとう)' refers to being in charge of or responsible for a particular task, role, or area. It is commonly used in professional or organizational contexts to indicate someone's assigned duties or responsibilities. For example: He is in charge of sales「彼は営業を担当しています」(かれはえいぎょうをたんとうしています). I am responsible for customer service「私はカスタマーサービスを担当しています」(わたしはカスタマーサービスをたんとうしています). The term can also be used to describe the person who is responsible, as in '担当者 (たんとうしゃ) (person in charge)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

929

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Right

Reading

Kanji

権Rights, Authority 利Profit, Advantage

Explanation

The Japanese noun '権利 (けんり)' refers to a 'right', particularly in the context of legal or moral entitlements. It is commonly used in discussions about human rights, legal rights, or ownership rights. For example: Everyone has the right to freedom of speech「誰もが言論の自由の権利を持っている」(だれもがげんろんのじゆうのけんりをもっている). She exercised her right to vote「彼女は投票する権利を行使した」(かのじょはとうひょうするけんりをこうしした). This word is often used in formal or legal contexts and carries a strong sense of entitlement or privilege.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

932

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Role

Reading

Kanji

役Duty 割Divide, Split

Explanation

The Japanese noun '役割 (やくわり)' means 'role'. It refers to the function or position someone or something has in a particular situation, group, or system. It can be used in various contexts, such as social roles, job responsibilities, or the role of an object in a process. For example: her role in the project is important「彼女のプロジェクトでの役割は重要だ」(かのじょのプロジェクトでのやくわりはじゅうようだ). Each tool has its own role「それぞれの道具には役割がある」(それぞれのどうぐにはやくわりがある). This word is often used to describe the expected behavior or contribution of a person or thing in a specific context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

959

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Law

Reading

Kanji

法Law, Method 律Law, Rhythm

Explanation

The Japanese noun '法律 (ほうりつ)' refers to 'law' in the sense of a system of rules established by a government or authority. It is used to describe legal statutes, regulations, or the body of laws governing a society. This term is often used in formal or legal contexts. For example: This law protects the environment「この法律は環境を守る」(このほうりつはかんきょうをまもる). He studies law at university「彼は大学で法律を勉強している」(かれはだいがくでほうりつをべんきょうしている). The nuance of '法律' is broader than specific rules or regulations, as it refers to the overall legal framework.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

982

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Division

Reading

Kanji

割Divide, Split 算Calculate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '割り算 (わりざん)' refers to the mathematical operation of division. It is commonly used in educational contexts, such as in math classes or when explaining arithmetic operations. For example: I learned division in school today「今日学校で割り算を習った」(きょうがっこうでわりざんをならった). Division is harder than multiplication「割り算は掛け算より難しい」(わりざんはかけざんよりむずかしい). This term is often used alongside other arithmetic operations like addition (足し算, たしざん), subtraction (引き算, ひきざん), and multiplication (掛け算, かけざん).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

987

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Housing

Reading

Kanji

住Live 宅House

Explanation

The Japanese noun '住宅 (じゅうたく)' refers to 'housing' or 'residential buildings'. It is commonly used to describe houses, apartments, or any type of dwelling where people live. This term is often used in discussions about real estate, urban planning, or living conditions. For example: The housing in this area is expensive「この地域の住宅は高い」(このちいきのじゅうたくはたかい). We are looking for new housing「新しい住宅を探しています」(あたらしいじゅうたくをさがしています). The word can also appear in compound terms like '住宅地 (じゅうたくち)', meaning 'residential area'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

988

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Intense, Violent

Reading

Kanji

激Violent, Fierce

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '激しい (はげしい)' primarily means 'intense' or 'violent'. It is used to describe situations, emotions, or actions that are extreme in nature. For example: The storm was intense「嵐が激しかった」(あらしがはげしかった). He has a violent temper「彼は激しい気性だ」(かれははげしいきしょうだ). This word can also describe something that is severe or fierce, such as competition or pain. For instance: The competition is fierce「競争が激しい」(きょうそうがはげしい). The pain was severe「痛みが激しかった」(いたみがはげしかった). It is important to note that '激しい' can be used in both positive and negative contexts, depending on the situation.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

992

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Value

Reading

Kanji

値Value, Price

Explanation

The Japanese noun '値 (あたい)' means 'value'. It refers to the worth, importance, or numerical quantity of something. This word is often used in contexts involving mathematics, economics, or general assessments of worth. For example: the value of this item is high「この商品の値は高い」(このしょうひんのあたいはたかい). What is the value of x?「xの値は何ですか？」(xのあたいはなんですか？). It can also be used metaphorically to describe the significance or worth of abstract concepts, such as in 'the value of friendship'「友情の値」(ゆうじょうのあたい).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

994

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rent

Reading

Kanji

家House 賃Rent, Fare

Explanation

The Japanese noun '家賃 (やちん)' refers to the payment made for the use of a property, typically a house or apartment. It is a common term used in discussions about housing and living expenses. For example: The rent is expensive「家賃が高い」(やちんがたかい). I pay the rent every month「毎月家賃を払う」(まいつきやちんをはらう). It's important to note that '家賃' specifically refers to the rent for living spaces, distinguishing it from other types of rent such as for vehicles or equipment.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1017

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Discard

Reading

Kanji

捨Abandon, Discard

Explanation

The Japanese verb '捨てる (すてる)' means 'to discard' or 'to throw away'. It is used when getting rid of something that is no longer needed or wanted. This verb can be applied to physical objects, as well as abstract concepts like habits or feelings. For example: I threw away the old books「古い本を捨てた」(ふるいほんをすてた). She discarded her bad habits「彼女は悪い習慣を捨てた」(かのじょはわるいしゅうかんをすてた). It can also imply abandoning or giving up on something, such as in: He gave up on his dream「彼は夢を捨てた」(かれはゆめをすてた). The verb is often used in everyday situations, such as disposing of trash or letting go of unnecessary items.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1020

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Future

Reading

Kanji

将Leader, Commander 来Come

Explanation

The Japanese noun '将来 (しょうらい)' refers to the 'future' in terms of time or prospects. It is commonly used to discuss future plans, aspirations, or possibilities. For example: I want to think about my future「将来について考えたい」(しょうらいについてかんがえたい). His future is bright「彼の将来は明るい」(かれのしょうらいはあかるい). This word is often used in contexts related to career, education, or personal goals, emphasizing a forward-looking perspective.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1029

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Severe, Strict

Reading

Kanji

厳Severe, Strict

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '厳しい (きびしい)' can mean 'strict' or 'severe', depending on the context. When used to describe a person, it often refers to someone who is strict or demanding, such as a teacher or parent. For example: my teacher is strict「私の先生は厳しい」(わたしのせんせいはきびしい). When used to describe a situation or condition, it can mean 'severe' or 'harsh', such as in the case of weather or rules. For example: the winter is severe「冬は厳しい」(ふゆはきびしい). This adjective can also be used to describe something that is difficult or challenging, such as a test or competition. For example: the exam was tough「試験は厳しかった」(しけんはきびしかった).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1044

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Window

Reading

Kanji

窓Window

Explanation

The Japanese noun '窓 (まど)' means 'window'. This word refers to an opening in a wall or door that allows light and air to enter and provides a view of the outside. It is commonly used in everyday conversation and can refer to windows in buildings, vehicles, or other structures. For example: Please close the window「窓を閉めてください」(まどをしめてください). The window is open「窓が開いている」(まどがあいている). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe a 'window of opportunity' or a 'window into someone's thoughts'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1051

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Various

Reading

Kanji

諸Many, Various

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '諸 (しょ)' is used to indicate 'various' or 'many' when attached to nouns. It often implies a collective or plural sense, referring to multiple items or aspects of the noun it modifies. For example: various countries「諸国」(しょこく). It is commonly used in formal or written contexts. Another example: various opinions「諸意見」(しょいけん). Note that this prefix is not used in casual conversation and is typically found in compound words or formal expressions.

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1113

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Equal, Lineup

Reading

Kanji

並Line, Row

Explanation

The Japanese verb '並ぶ (ならぶ)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to line up' or 'to stand in a row', referring to physical alignment. For example: people are lining up for the bus「人々がバスに並んでいる」(ひとびとがバスにならんでいる). The second meaning is 'to be equal to' or 'to rival', indicating a comparison of ability or status. For example: his skill equals that of a professional「彼の技術はプロに並ぶ」(かれのぎじゅつはプロにならぶ). The verb is commonly used in both literal and figurative contexts, and its meaning depends on the situation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1138

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Kind

Reading

Kanji

優Superior, Gentle

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '優しい (やさしい)' primarily means 'kind'. It is used to describe someone who is gentle, caring, or considerate towards others. This word can also imply a sense of softness or tenderness in character. For example: she is kind「彼女は優しい」(かのじょはやさしい). He spoke in a kind voice「彼は優しい声で話した」(かれはやさしいこえではなした). While '優しい' can sometimes be used to describe something that is easy to do or understand, this usage is less common and typically requires additional context to avoid confusion with the primary meaning of kindness.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1152

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

I, We

Reading

Kanji

我Self, Ego

Explanation

The Japanese pronoun '我 (われ)' is a formal or literary way to refer to oneself or a group. It can mean 'I' or 'we' depending on the context. This pronoun is often used in written language, speeches, or formal settings, and it carries a somewhat archaic or solemn tone. It is less commonly used in everyday conversation, where '私 (わたし)' or '僕 (ぼく)' are more typical for 'I', and '私たち (わたしたち)' for 'we'. Example sentences: I will never forget this「我はこれを忘れない」(われはこれをわすれない). We must protect our homeland「我らは祖国を守らねばならない」(われらはそこくをまもらねばならない). Note that '我' can also appear in compound words like '我々 (われわれ)', which explicitly means 'we'.

Part Of Speech

pronoun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1154

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Want

Reading

Kanji

欲Desire, Longing

Explanation

The Japanese verb '欲しがる (ほしがる)' means 'to want' or 'to desire'. It is used to describe someone else's desire or want, often observed from an external perspective. This verb is typically used in the third person, as it implies that the speaker is observing or reporting on someone else's desire. For example: The child wants candy「子供がお菓子を欲しがっている」(こどもがおかしをほしがっている). She seems to want that bag「彼女はそのバッグを欲しがっているみたい」(かのじょはそのバッグをほしがっているみたい). Note that '欲しがる' is different from '欲しい (ほしい)', which is used to express one's own desire directly.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1165

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

After

Reading

Kanji

以By means of 降Descend, Fall

Explanation

The Japanese noun '以降 (いこう)' means 'after' or 'from a certain point onward'. It is used to indicate a time or event that marks the beginning of a period, and everything that follows it. This word is often used in formal or written contexts. For example: after 5 PM「5時以降」(ごじいこう). From tomorrow onward「明日以降」(あしたいこう). It can also be used to refer to events or situations that occur after a specific point in time, such as 'after the war'「戦争以降」(せんそういこう). Note that '以降' is typically used for time-related contexts and is more formal than other similar words like '後 (あと)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1209

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cinema

Reading

Kanji

映Reflect 画Picture 館Building

Explanation

The Japanese noun '映画館 (えいがかん)' refers to a 'cinema' or 'movie theater', a place where films are shown to the public. This word is commonly used when discussing going out to watch movies. For example: Let's go to the cinema「映画館に行きましょう」(えいがかんにいきましょう). The cinema is crowded today「今日は映画館が混んでいます」(きょうはえいがかんがこんでいます). It's important to note that '映画館' specifically refers to the physical location where movies are screened, distinguishing it from other related terms like '映画 (えいが)', which simply means 'movie' or 'film'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1220

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Scale

Reading

Kanji

規Standard, Regulation 模Imitation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '規模 (きぼ)' refers to the scale, size, or scope of something. It is often used to describe the magnitude or extent of an event, project, organization, or phenomenon. For example: the scale of the project is large「プロジェクトの規模は大きい」(ぷろじぇくとのきぼはおおきい). The earthquake was of a massive scale「地震の規模は巨大だった」(じしんのきぼはきょだいだった). This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to discuss the breadth or magnitude of something.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1228

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stomach, Abdomen

Reading

Kanji

腹Abdomen

Explanation

The Japanese noun '腹 (はら)' primarily refers to the 'stomach' or 'abdomen', the part of the body containing the digestive organs. It can also be used metaphorically to describe one's feelings or emotions, such as anger or determination, as in '腹が立つ (はらがたつ)', which means 'to get angry'. Example sentences: My stomach hurts「腹が痛い」(はらがいたい). He has a strong will「彼は腹が据わっている」(かれははらがすわっている).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1248

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reach

Reading

Kanji

届Report, Deliver

Explanation

The Japanese verb '届く (とどく)' means 'to reach' or 'to arrive'. It is commonly used to describe something physically reaching a destination, such as a package or letter. It can also be used metaphorically to describe something like a sound or message reaching someone. For example: The package reached my house「荷物が家に届いた」(にもつがいえにとどいた). My voice didn't reach her「私の声は彼女に届かなかった」(わたしのこえはかのじょにとどかなかった). Additionally, it can imply that something is within reach or achievable, as in 'The goal is within reach'「目標が届くところにある」(もくひょうがとどくところにある).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1263

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Share, Stock

Reading

Kanji

株Shares, Stocks 式Style, Ceremony

Explanation

The Japanese noun '株式 (かぶしき)' refers to 'stock' or 'share' in the context of finance and business. It represents a unit of ownership in a corporation or company. This term is commonly used in discussions about investments, stock markets, and corporate ownership. For example: I bought stocks「株式を買いました」(かぶしきをかいました). The company issued new shares「会社が新株を発行しました」(かいしゃがしんかぶをはっこうしました). Note that '株式' is often used in formal or business contexts, while '株 (かぶ)' is a more casual term for 'stock' or 'share'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1270

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Volume

Reading

Kanji

巻Scroll

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '巻 (かん)' is used to denote a volume or a book in a series. It is commonly attached to numbers to indicate the specific volume of a book, manga, or other serialized publications. For example: volume one「第一巻」(だいいっかん). volume three「第三巻」(だいさんかん). This suffix is also used in historical contexts to refer to scrolls or volumes of ancient texts. For instance: the first scroll of the tale「物語の第一巻」(ものがたりのだいいっかん). Note that '巻' can also be used in compound words to indicate a roll or coil, but this is less common in everyday usage.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1272

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Constitution

Reading

Kanji

憲Constitution 法Law, Method

Explanation

The Japanese noun '憲法 (けんぽう)' refers to a constitution, which is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed. In Japan, it specifically refers to the national constitution, which outlines the framework of the government and the rights of the citizens. Example sentences: The constitution guarantees freedom of speech「憲法は言論の自由を保証している」(けんぽうはげんろんのじゆうをほしょうしている). Japan's constitution was established after World War II「日本の憲法は第二次世界大戦後に制定された」(にほんのけんぽうはだいにじせかいたいせんごにせいていされた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1294

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Theory

Reading

Kanji

理Reason 論Theory, Argument

Explanation

The Japanese noun '理論 (りろん)' means 'theory'. It refers to a system of ideas intended to explain something, especially one based on general principles independent of the thing to be explained. This word is often used in academic, scientific, and philosophical contexts. For example: His theory is widely accepted「彼の理論は広く受け入れられている」(かれのりろんはひろくうけいれられている). We need to test this theory「この理論を検証する必要がある」(このりろんをけんしょうするひつようがある). The word can also be used in everyday contexts to refer to a personal opinion or idea that someone has about how something works or should work.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1297

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Danger

Reading

Kanji

危Dangerous 険Dangerous, Steep

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '危険 (きけん)' means 'danger' or 'dangerous'. It is used to describe situations, actions, or objects that pose a risk or threat. It can function as a noun or modify other nouns when combined with 'な' (e.g., 危険な場所 - dangerous place). For example: That road is dangerous「その道は危険だ」(そのみちはきけんだ). Climbing that mountain is dangerous「あの山に登るのは危険だ」(あのやまにのぼるのはきけんだ). It is also commonly used in warnings, such as '危険！立ち入り禁止' (きけん！たちいりきんし) - 'Danger! No entry.'

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1335

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Existence

Reading

Kanji

存Exist, Suppose 在Be, Exist

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '存在 (そんざい)' means 'existence'. It refers to the state or fact of existing, being present, or being real. This word is often used in philosophical, existential, or formal contexts to discuss the nature of being or presence. For example: the existence of life on other planets「他の惑星に生命の存在がある」(ほかのわくせいにせいめいのそんざいがある). His presence is reassuring「彼の存在は安心感を与える」(かれのそんざいはあんしんかんをあたえる). It can also be used to describe the presence of something in a specific location or situation, such as 'the existence of a problem'「問題の存在」(もんだいのそんざい).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1336

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Confirmation

Reading

Kanji

確Certain 認Recognize, Admit

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '確認 (かくにん)' means 'confirmation'. It refers to the act of verifying or checking something to ensure its accuracy, correctness, or existence. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts, such as in business, daily conversations, or instructions. For example: Please confirm the schedule「スケジュールを確認してください」(スケジュールをかくにんしてください). I confirmed the reservation「予約を確認しました」(よやくをかくにんしました). It can also be used in compound verbs like '確認する (かくにんする)' to mean 'to confirm'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1349

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Youth

Reading

Kanji

若Young 者Someone

Explanation

The Japanese noun '若者 (わかもの)' refers to 'young people' or 'youth'. It is commonly used to describe individuals in their late teens to early thirties, emphasizing their youthful energy and inexperience. This term is often used in discussions about societal trends, employment, or generational differences. For example: The youth are the future of society「若者は社会の未来です」(わかものはしゃかいのみらいです). Many young people are looking for jobs「多くの若者が仕事を探しています」(おおくのわかものがしごとをさがしています). The word carries a neutral tone and is widely applicable in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1386

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Painful

Reading

Kanji

痛Pain

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '痛い (いたい)' means 'painful'. It is used to describe physical pain, such as from an injury or illness, but can also be used metaphorically to describe emotional pain or embarrassment. For example: my head hurts「頭が痛い」(あたまがいたい). That comment was painful to hear「そのコメントは聞いていて痛かった」(そのコメントはきいていていたかった). Note that '痛い' can also be used colloquially to describe something that is cringeworthy or awkward, as in '痛い人 (いたいひと) (cringey person)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1394

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Countermeasure

Reading

Kanji

対Against 策Plan, Policy

Explanation

The Japanese noun '対策 (たいさく)' means 'countermeasure' or 'measure'. It refers to actions or plans taken to prevent or deal with a problem or situation. This word is often used in contexts related to safety, security, or problem-solving. For example: We need to take countermeasures against cyber attacks「サイバー攻撃に対する対策が必要だ」(サイバーこうげきにたいするたいさくがひつようだ). The company implemented measures to reduce costs「会社はコスト削減の対策を実施した」(かいしゃはコストさくげんのたいさくをじっしした).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1403

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Method, Means

Reading

Kanji

手Hand 段Step, Stairs

Explanation

The Japanese noun '手段 (しゅだん)' refers to a way, means, or method to achieve something. It is often used in contexts where one is discussing the tools, strategies, or approaches to accomplish a goal. For example: We need to find a means to solve this problem「この問題を解決する手段を見つける必要がある」(このもんだいをかいけつするしゅだんをみつけるひつようがある). Education is an important method for personal growth「教育は個人の成長にとって重要な手段だ」(きょういくはこじんのせいちょうにとってじゅうようなしゅだんだ). The word can be used in both formal and informal settings, and it often implies a focus on practicality and effectiveness.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1412

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Magazine

Reading

Kanji

雑Miscellaneous 誌Magazine, Document

Explanation

The Japanese noun '雑誌 (ざっし)' refers to a 'magazine', which is a periodical publication containing articles, photographs, and advertisements. It is commonly used to describe both print and digital magazines. For example: I bought a fashion magazine「ファッション雑誌を買いました」(ふぁっしょんざっしをかいました). This magazine is interesting「この雑誌は面白い」(このざっしはおもしろい). The word is often used in contexts related to reading, publishing, or media.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1425

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Live

Reading

Kanji

暮Livelihood

Explanation

The Japanese verb '暮らす (くらす)' means 'to live' or 'to lead a life'. It refers to the act of living one's daily life, often implying a sense of routine or lifestyle. This verb can be used to describe how someone lives, their living conditions, or their way of life. For example: I live in Tokyo「私は東京で暮らしています」(わたしはとうきょうでくらしています). They live a simple life「彼らは質素に暮らしている」(かれらはしっそにくらしている). The verb can also imply a sense of time passing, as in 'to spend one's days'. It is often used in contexts related to daily life, such as living arrangements, lifestyle choices, or the passage of time.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1428

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Provide

Reading

Kanji

提Present, Submit 供Accompany, Offer

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '提供 (ていきょう)' means 'provide' or 'supply'. It is commonly used in contexts where something is being offered or made available, such as services, information, or goods. For example: The company provides free Wi-Fi「その会社は無料のWi-Fiを提供しています」(そのかいしゃはむりょうのWi-Fiをていきょうしています). This restaurant provides vegetarian options「このレストランはベジタリアン向けのメニューを提供しています」(このレストランはベジタリアンむけのメニューをていきょうしています). The word is often used in formal or business settings, and it emphasizes the act of giving or making something accessible to others.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1430

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Descend

Reading

Kanji

降Descend, Fall

Explanation

The Japanese verb '降りる (おりる)' primarily means 'to descend' or 'to get off'. It is commonly used when referring to getting off a vehicle, such as a train or bus, or descending from a higher place like a mountain or stairs. For example: I will get off at the next station「次の駅で降ります」(つぎのえきでおります). He descended the mountain「彼は山を降りた」(かれはやまをおりた). Additionally, it can be used metaphorically, such as stepping down from a position or role. For example: The CEO decided to step down「社長は降りることに決めた」(しゃちょうはおりることにきめた).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1433

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Party

Reading

Kanji

党Party, Faction

Explanation

The Japanese noun '党 (とう)' primarily refers to a political party. It is used to describe organized groups of people with shared political goals and ideologies. For example: the Liberal Democratic Party「自由民主党」(じゆうみんしゅとう). He joined a new political party「彼は新しい政党に加わった」(かれはあたらしいせいとうにくわわった). While '党' can sometimes refer to factions or groups in a broader sense, its most common and significant usage is in the context of politics. It is important to note that '党' is often combined with other kanji to form the names of specific political parties, such as '民主党 (みんしゅとう)' (Democratic Party) or '共産党 (きょうさんとう)' (Communist Party).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1464

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reverse, Back

Reading

Kanji

裏Inside, Rear

Explanation

The Japanese noun '裏 (うら)' primarily means 'back' or 'reverse'. It refers to the opposite side or hidden aspect of something, whether physical or abstract. For example, it can describe the backside of an object, the reverse side of a situation, or even the hidden truth behind an event. Example sentences: The back of the house is quiet「家の裏は静かです」(いえのうらはしずかです). There is a park on the reverse side of the station「駅の裏には公園があります」(えきのうらにはこうえんがあります). The word can also imply something concealed or not immediately visible, such as in the phrase '裏の意味 (うらのいみ)' meaning 'hidden meaning'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1472

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reform

Reading

Kanji

改Reform 革Reform, Leather

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '改革 (かいかく)' means 'reform'. It refers to making changes to something in order to improve it, often used in the context of systems, organizations, or policies. For example: The government is planning a reform「政府は改革を計画している」(せいふはかいかくをけいかくしている). The company needs a reform「その会社は改革が必要だ」(そのかいしゃはかいかくがひつようだ). This term is commonly used in political, economic, and social contexts to describe significant and often systematic changes aimed at improvement.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1475

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Expansion, Magnification

Reading

Kanji

拡Expand, Broaden 大Big

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '拡大 (かくだい)' can mean either 'expansion' or 'magnification', depending on the context. When referring to 'expansion', it is often used in contexts like business growth, territorial expansion, or increasing the scope of something. For example: the expansion of the company「会社の拡大」(かいしゃのかくだい). When referring to 'magnification', it is used in contexts like enlarging images or objects, such as in photography or microscopy. For example: the magnification of the image「画像の拡大」(がぞうのかくだい). The word is versatile and can be applied to both physical and abstract concepts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1487

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Commute

Reading

Kanji

通Commute, Pass 勤Diligence

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '通勤 (つうきん)' refers to the act of commuting, specifically traveling between one's home and workplace. It is commonly used in contexts related to daily work routines and transportation. For example: My commute takes an hour「私の通勤は1時間かかります」(わたしのつうきんはいちじかんかかります). He commutes by train「彼は電車で通勤します」(かれはでんしゃでつうきんします). The word is often paired with verbs like する (to do) to form phrases like 通勤する (to commute). It is a key term in discussions about work-life balance and urban transportation.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1492

Composition

kanji

Handwriting