Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Kanji JLPT Level

word

Meaning

Do

Reading

Kanji

為Do, Sake

Explanation

The Japanese verb '為る (する)' means 'to do'. It is one of the most versatile and commonly used verbs in Japanese, often functioning as a placeholder verb for actions or activities. It can be used in a wide range of contexts, from performing tasks to describing states or conditions. For example: I will do my homework「宿題をする」(しゅくだいをする). What are you doing?「何をしているの？」(なにをしているの？). Additionally, 'する' is often used in compound verbs or to nominalize actions, such as '勉強する (べんきょうする)' (to study) or '旅行する (りょこうする)' (to travel). It is also used in many idiomatic expressions and set phrases.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

47

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Base, Rely

Reading

Kanji

拠Basis, Based on

Explanation

The Japanese verb '拠る (よる)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to base' or 'to be based on,' indicating that something is founded or established on a particular source or principle. For example: This theory is based on solid evidence「この理論は確かな証拠に拠る」(このりろんはたしかなしょうこによる). The second meaning is 'to rely' or 'to depend on,' suggesting that something or someone is dependent on another for support or existence. For example: We rely on your help「私たちはあなたの助けに拠る」(わたしたちはあなたのたすけによる). The verb is often used in formal or written contexts and can be combined with nouns to form compound expressions, such as '根拠 (こんきょ) (basis)' or '依拠 (いきょ) (reliance).'

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

76

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sake, Benefit

Reading

Kanji

為Do, Sake

Explanation

The Japanese noun '為 (ため)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'benefit', referring to something that is advantageous or good for someone or something. For example: for the benefit of the children「子供の為に」(こどものために). The second meaning is 'sake', indicating the purpose or reason behind an action. For example: for the sake of peace「平和の為に」(へいわのために). This word is often used in contexts where the focus is on the purpose or advantage of an action, and it can be paired with particles like 'に' to indicate direction or purpose. It's important to note that '為' can also be written in hiragana as 'ため', and the meaning remains the same.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

80

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Give, Do

Reading

Kanji

遣Use, Dispatch

Explanation

The Japanese verb '遣る (やる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to do', which is a casual and often rough way of expressing an action. For example: I'll do it「俺がやる」(おれがやる). The second meaning is 'to give', typically used when giving something to someone of lower status or to animals. For example: I'll give the dog food「犬に餌をやる」(いぬにえさをやる). Note that 'やる' is informal and can sometimes carry a rough or masculine tone, so it is often replaced with more polite alternatives like 'する' (to do) or 'あげる' (to give) in formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

92

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Take, Assume

Reading

Kanji

就Settle, Concerning

Explanation

The Japanese verb '就く (つく)' primarily means 'to take' or 'to assume' a position, role, or job. It is often used in formal contexts to describe starting a new job, position, or responsibility. For example: He took the position of manager「彼はマネージャーの職に就いた」(かれはマネージャーのしょくについた). She assumed the role of team leader「彼女はチームリーダーの役職に就いた」(かのじょはチームリーダーのやくしょくについた). This verb is also used in phrases like 'bedに就く (ベッドにつく)', meaning 'to go to bed'. It carries a formal tone and is typically used in professional or official settings.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

97

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ordinal

Reading

Kanji

第Ordinal number

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '第 (だい)' is used to indicate ordinal numbers, similar to '1st', '2nd', '3rd' in English. It is commonly attached to numbers to denote order, rank, or sequence. For example: first place「第一位」(だいいちい). Second chapter「第二章」(だいにしょう). Third time「第三回」(だいさんかい). This prefix is often used in formal or structured contexts, such as academic chapters, competition rankings, or event iterations. It is important to note that '第' is always followed by a number and does not stand alone as a word.

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

103

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Give

Reading

Kanji

呉Give, Wu China

Explanation

The Japanese verb '呉れる (くれる)' means 'to give' and is used when someone gives something to the speaker or someone close to the speaker. It implies a sense of favor or kindness from the giver's side. This verb is often used in casual speech and is conjugated differently from other verbs. For example: He gave me a book「彼は私に本をくれた」(かれはわたしにほんをくれた). My friend gave me a ride「友達が車で送ってくれた」(ともだちがくるまでおくってくれた). Note that 'くれる' is used when the action benefits the speaker or someone in the speaker's in-group, and it is often accompanied by a sense of gratitude.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

111

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

You

Reading

Kanji

貴Precious 方Direction

Explanation

The Japanese pronoun '貴方 (あなた)' is a polite and formal way to say 'you'. It is commonly used in situations where the speaker wants to show respect or maintain a certain level of formality. However, in modern Japanese, it can also be used between close acquaintances or in romantic contexts. For example: Where are you going?「貴方はどこに行きますか？」(あなたはどこにいきますか？). I love you「貴方を愛しています」(あなたをあいしています). Note that overusing 'あなた' can sometimes sound distant or impersonal, so it is often omitted when the subject is clear from context.

Part Of Speech

pronoun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

127

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reason, Meaning

Reading

Kanji

訳Reason, Translation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '訳 (わけ)' can mean 'reason' or 'meaning'. It is often used to explain the cause or rationale behind something, or to clarify the meaning of a situation or statement. For example: There's a reason why I can't go「私が行けない訳がある」(わたしがいけないわけがある). What does this mean?「これはどういう訳ですか？」(これはどういうわけですか？). It can also be used in expressions like 'わけがない' (わけがない) to mean 'there's no way' or 'it's impossible', as in 'There's no way he could know that'「彼がそれを知っているわけがない」(かれがそれをしっているわけがない).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

129

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

I

Reading

Kanji

僕I, Me

Explanation

The Japanese pronoun '僕 (ぼく)' is a first-person pronoun meaning 'I'. It is primarily used by males and carries a casual, humble, or boyish tone. It is often used in informal settings and can convey a sense of modesty or youthfulness. For example: I am a student「僕は学生です」(ぼくはがくせいです). I like this song「僕はこの歌が好きです」(ぼくはこのうたがすきです). While it is commonly used by younger males, some older men may also use it to maintain a casual or approachable tone. It is less formal than '私 (わたし)' and should be avoided in very formal or professional contexts.

Part Of Speech

pronoun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

152

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Company

Reading

Kanji

企Plan, Project 業Business

Explanation

The Japanese noun '企業 (きぎょう)' refers to a 'company' or 'enterprise'. It is commonly used to describe a business organization engaged in commercial, industrial, or professional activities. This term is often used in formal contexts, such as business discussions, news, or academic writing. For example: That company is growing rapidly「あの企業は急速に成長している」(あのきぎょうはきゅうそくにせいちょうしている). Many companies are adopting new technologies「多くの企業が新しい技術を採用している」(おおくのきぎょうがあたらしいぎじゅつをさいようしている). The word can also be used in compound terms like '大企業 (だいきぎょう)' (large corporation) or '中小企業 (ちゅうしょうきぎょう)' (small and medium-sized enterprises).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

240

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Only

Reading

Kanji

唯Only, Solely

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '唯 (ただ)' means 'only' or 'merely'. It is used to emphasize that something is limited to a specific condition, state, or action, often implying simplicity or lack of complexity. For example: I only want to help「ただ助けたいだけです」(ただたすけたいだけです). It's just a rumor「ただの噂です」(ただのうわさです). This word can also carry a nuance of humility or modesty, as in 'I am just a student'「私はただの学生です」(わたしはただのがくせいです). Note that '唯' is often used in formal or literary contexts, while 'だけ' is more common in casual speech.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

243

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Still, As expected

Reading

Kanji

矢Arrow 張Spread, Stretch

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '矢張り (やはり)' can mean 'still' or 'as expected'. It is often used to express that something remains unchanged or that a situation has turned out as one anticipated. This word can convey a sense of inevitability or confirmation of one's expectations. For example: I thought it would rain, and sure enough, it did「雨が降ると思ったら、やはり降った」(あめがふるとおもったら、やはりふった). Even after all these years, he is still the same「何年たっても、彼はやはり変わらない」(なんねんたっても、かれはやはりかわらない). '矢張り' is commonly used in both casual and formal contexts to emphasize that something is consistent with what was previously thought or known.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

256

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Why

Reading

Kanji

何What 故Reason, Deceased

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '何故 (なぜ)' means 'why'. It is used to ask for the reason or cause of something. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: Why did you come?「何故来たの？」(なぜきたの？). Why is it so expensive?「何故そんなに高いの？」(なぜそんなにたかいの？). The word '何故' can also be written as 'なぜ' in hiragana, and it is often used interchangeably with other words that mean 'why', such as 'どうして' and 'なんで', though '何故' can sometimes carry a slightly more formal or literary tone.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

264

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Result

Reading

Kanji

結Tie, Bind 果Fruit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '結果 (けっか)' means 'result'. It refers to the outcome or consequence of an action, event, or process. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to describe the end product of something. For example: the result of the experiment was surprising「実験の結果は驚くべきものだった」(じっけんのけっかはおどろくべきものだった). What was the result of the meeting?「会議の結果はどうでしたか？」(かいぎのけっかはどうでしたか？). It can also be used in phrases like '良い結果 (よいけっか)' (good result) or '悪い結果 (わるいけっか)' (bad result).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

290

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Doctrine, Principle

Reading

Kanji

主Master 義Righteousness

Explanation

The Japanese noun '主義 (しゅぎ)' refers to a principle, doctrine, or ideology that forms the basis of a system of thought, belief, or behavior. It is often used in contexts related to political, social, or philosophical systems. For example: He follows the principle of non-violence「彼は非暴力の主義を守る」(かれはひぼうりょくのしゅぎをまもる). This party's doctrine is based on equality「この党の主義は平等に基づいている」(このとうのしゅぎはびょうどうにもとづいている). The word can also be used to describe personal beliefs or guiding principles, such as in '彼の主義は正直さだ' (かれのしゅぎはしょうじきさだ) (His principle is honesty).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

291

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

A bit

Reading

Kanji

一One 寸Measurement

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '一寸 (ちょっと)' means 'a bit' or 'a little'. It is commonly used to indicate a small amount, degree, or extent of something. It can also be used to soften requests or statements, making them sound more polite or less direct. For example: Can you wait a bit?「ちょっと待ってくれますか？」(ちょっとまってくれますか？). I'm a bit busy「ちょっと忙しいです」(ちょっといそがしいです). Additionally, 'ちょっと' can be used to express hesitation or difficulty in answering a question, as in 'ちょっと難しいです (ちょっとむずかしいです) (It's a bit difficult).'

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

300

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Marriage

Reading

Kanji

結Tie, Bind 婚Marriage

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '結婚 (けっこん)' means 'marriage'. It refers to the state of being married or the act of getting married. This word is commonly used in various contexts, such as discussing marriage plans, marital status, or ceremonies. For example: They got married last year「彼らは去年結婚しました」(かれらはきょねんけっこんしました). I want to get married next year「来年結婚したいです」(らいねんけっこんしたいです). The word can also be used in compound forms, such as '結婚式 (けっこんしき)' (wedding ceremony) or '結婚生活 (けっこんせいかつ)' (married life).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

301

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Figure

Reading

Kanji

姿Shape, Figure

Explanation

The Japanese noun '姿 (すがた)' refers to a person's figure, appearance, or form. It is often used to describe the physical shape or silhouette of someone or something, and can also imply the presence or absence of a person. For example: her figure disappeared into the crowd「彼女の姿は群衆の中に消えた」(かのじょのすがたはぐんしゅうのなかにきえた). The figure of a mountain in the distance「遠くに山の姿が見える」(とおくにやまのすがたがみえる). This word can also be used metaphorically to describe the state or condition of something, such as 'the figure of a company'「会社の姿」(かいしゃのすがた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

326

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Condition

Reading

Kanji

状Form, Condition 態Appearance, Condition

Explanation

The Japanese noun '状態 (じょうたい)' refers to the state or condition of something. It is commonly used to describe the current state of an object, situation, or even a person's health. For example: The condition of the machine is bad「機械の状態が悪い」(きかいのじょうたいがわるい). The patient's condition is stable「患者の状態は安定している」(かんじゃのじょうたいはあんていしている). This word is versatile and can be applied to various contexts, such as physical states, emotional states, or the status of a project.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

330

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Already

Reading

Kanji

既Already, Previously

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '既に (すでに)' means 'already'. It is used to indicate that something has happened or been completed before the present moment or a specified time. This adverb often conveys a sense of something being settled or irreversible. For example: He has already left「彼は既に出発した」(かれはすでにしゅっぱつした). The train has already departed「電車は既に出発した」(でんしゃはすでにしゅっぱつした). It can also imply that something is too late or has passed the point of no return, as in 'It's already too late to change plans「既に計画を変えるには遅すぎる」(すでにけいかくをかえるにはおそすぎる)'. Note that '既に' is often used in formal or written contexts, while 'もう' is more common in casual speech.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

347

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sour

Reading

Kanji

酸Bitter, Acid

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '酸っぱい (すっぱい)' means 'sour'. It is used to describe a sharp, acidic taste, often associated with foods like lemons, vinegar, or unripe fruits. This word can also be used metaphorically to describe situations or emotions, such as jealousy or bitterness. For example: This lemon is sour「このレモンは酸っぱい」(このレモンはすっぱい). She made a sour face when she tasted the vinegar「彼女は酢を味わった時、酸っぱい顔をした」(かのじょはすをあじわったとき、すっぱいかおをした). The word is commonly used in everyday conversation and is straightforward in its meaning.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

364

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Follow, Obey

Reading

Kanji

従Follow, Obey

Explanation

The Japanese verb '従う (したがう)' can mean 'to obey' or 'to follow'. When used to mean 'obey', it refers to complying with rules, orders, or authority. For example: obey the law「法律に従う」(ほうりつにしたがう). When used to mean 'follow', it can refer to following a path, a sequence, or someone's lead. For example: follow the instructions「指示に従う」(しじにしたがう). The verb can also imply following a natural course or logic, such as in: the river follows the valley「川は谷に従って流れる」(かわはたににしたがってながれる).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

369

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Katakana

Reading

Kanji

片Fragment, One sided 仮Temporary 名Name

Explanation

The Japanese noun '片仮名 (かたかな)' refers to one of the two Japanese syllabaries, specifically 'katakana'. Katakana is primarily used for writing foreign loanwords, onomatopoeia, scientific terms, and names of plants, animals, and minerals. It can also be used for emphasis, similar to italics in English. For example: The word 'coffee' is written in katakana「コーヒーは片仮名で書かれます」(コーヒーはかたかなでかかれます). Katakana characters are angular and simpler in form compared to hiragana. Another example: 'Pizza' is written as ピザ in katakana「ピザは片仮名で書きます」(ピザはかたかなでかきます).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

370

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hiragana

Reading

Kanji

平Flat 仮Temporary 名Name

Explanation

The Japanese noun '平仮名 (ひらがな)' refers to the hiragana script, one of the three main writing systems used in Japanese. Hiragana is a phonetic script consisting of 46 basic characters, each representing a specific syllable. It is primarily used for native Japanese words, grammatical elements, and words without kanji. Example sentences: I am learning hiragana「私は平仮名を勉強しています」(わたしはひらがなをべんきょうしています). This word is written in hiragana「この言葉は平仮名で書かれています」(このことばはひらがなでかかれています).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

372

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

And

Reading

Kanji

及Reach, Extend

Explanation

The Japanese conjunction '及び (および)' is used to connect nouns or noun phrases, similar to the English word 'and'. It is a formal conjunction often used in written language, official documents, or formal speech. Unlike the more casual 'と', '及び' is used to list items in a more structured or hierarchical manner. For example: apples and oranges「りんご及びオレンジ」(りんごおよびオレンジ). The law applies to adults and children「この法律は大人及び子供に適用される」(このほうりつはおとなおよびこどもにてきようされる). Note that '及び' is not used to connect sentences or clauses, only nouns or noun phrases.

Part Of Speech

conjunction

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

375

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lesson

Reading

Kanji

授Instruct, Confer 業Business

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '授業 (じゅぎょう)' refers to a 'lesson' or 'class' in an educational context. It is commonly used to describe the act of teaching or the session during which teaching occurs, typically in schools or educational institutions. For example: I have a math lesson today「今日は数学の授業があります」(きょうはすうがくのじゅぎょうがあります). The teacher is preparing for the lesson「先生は授業の準備をしています」(せんせいはじゅぎょうのじゅんびをしています). This word is often used in formal or academic settings and can refer to both the content being taught and the time period during which teaching takes place.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

376

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dislike

Reading

Kanji

嫌Dislike

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '嫌い (きらい)' means 'dislike' or 'hate'. It is used to express a strong negative feeling towards something or someone. This word can be used to describe a general aversion or a specific dislike. For example: I dislike vegetables「野菜が嫌いです」(やさいがきらいです). He hates lies「彼は嘘が嫌いです」(かれはうそがきらいです). It is important to note that '嫌い' can also imply a sense of avoidance or reluctance, not just outright hatred. The nuance can vary depending on the context and the level of intensity in the speaker's tone.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

382

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Clause, Article

Reading

Kanji

条Clause

Explanation

The Japanese noun '条 (じょう)' refers to an 'article' or 'clause' in a legal document, contract, or law. It is commonly used in formal contexts to denote specific sections or provisions within such documents. For example: Article 1 of the Constitution「憲法の第一条」(けんぽうのだいいちじょう). This clause is important「この条は重要です」(このじょうはじゅうようです). The word is often seen in legal or official contexts and is typically paired with numbers to indicate specific articles or clauses.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

383

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Useless, No

Reading

Kanji

駄Poor quality, Burdensome 目Eye

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '駄目 (だめ)' can mean 'no' or 'useless'. It is often used to express prohibition, rejection, or something being futile. For example: you can't do that「それは駄目だ」(それはだめだ). This pen is useless「このペンは駄目だ」(このペンはだめだ). It can also be used to describe something that is not allowed or is against the rules. For example: smoking is not allowed here「ここでタバコを吸うのは駄目です」(ここでタバコをすうのはだめです).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

390

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Months

Reading

Kanji

箇Item, Counter for articles 月Moon, Month

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '箇月 (かげつ)' is used to indicate a period of time in months. It is often attached to a number to specify how many months. For example: three months「三箇月」(さんかげつ). This suffix is commonly used in formal or written contexts, such as contracts, schedules, or official documents. It is important to note that '箇月' is more formal than the more commonly used 'ヶ月 (かげつ)', which serves the same purpose but is less formal. Example sentences: The project will take two months「このプロジェクトは二箇月かかります」(このプロジェクトはにかげつかかります). I have been studying Japanese for six months「私は日本語を六箇月勉強しています」(わたしはにほんごをろっかげつべんきょうしています).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

418

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Environment

Reading

Kanji

環Ring, Surround 境Boundary, Border

Explanation

The Japanese noun '環境 (かんきょう)' primarily means 'environment'. It refers to the surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates. This term is widely used in discussions about nature, ecology, and living conditions. For example: We need to protect the environment「環境を守る必要がある」(かんきょうをまもるひつようがある). The work environment is very important「仕事の環境はとても重要だ」(しごとのかんきょうはとてもじゅうようだ). It can also refer to the setting or context in which something exists or operates, such as a social or technological environment.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

451

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Basis

Reading

Kanji

基Base, Fundation 本Book, Origin

Explanation

The Japanese noun '基本 (きほん)' means 'basis' or 'foundation'. It refers to the fundamental principles or essential elements that form the core of something. This word is often used in contexts related to education, rules, or systems to denote the underlying principles. For example: The basis of learning is practice「基本は練習です」(きほんはれんしゅうです). Understanding the basics is important「基本を理解することが大切です」(きほんをりかいすることがたいせつです). It can also be used in phrases like '基本ルール (きほんルール)' (basic rules) or '基本方針 (きほんほうしん)' (basic policy).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

464

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Insurance

Reading

Kanji

保Preserve 険Dangerous, Steep

Explanation

The Japanese noun '保険 (ほけん)' means 'insurance'. It refers to a system or contract where individuals or entities pay premiums to protect against financial loss or damage. This term is commonly used in contexts like health insurance, car insurance, or life insurance. For example: I have health insurance「私は健康保険を持っています」(わたしはけんこうほけんをもっています). Car insurance is mandatory「車の保険は必須です」(くるまのほけんはひっすです). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that provides security or a safeguard against potential risks.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

483

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Century

Reading

Kanji

世World, Generation 紀Chronicle, Era

Explanation

The Japanese noun '世紀 (せいき)' means 'century'. It refers to a period of 100 years. This word is commonly used in historical contexts or when discussing long periods of time. For example: the 21st century「21世紀」(にじゅういちせいき). The 20th century was a time of great change「20世紀は大きな変化の時代でした」(にじゅうせいきはおおきなへんかのじだいでした). It can also be used metaphorically to describe a significant era or period, such as 'the century of technology'「技術の世紀」(ぎじゅつのせいき).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

486

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

We

Reading

Kanji

我Self, Ego

Explanation

The Japanese pronoun '我々 (われわれ)' means 'we'. It is a formal and somewhat literary way to refer to a group that includes the speaker. It is often used in speeches, formal writing, or when emphasizing a collective identity. For example: We must work together「我々は共に働かなければならない」(われわれはともにはたらかなければならない). We are responsible「我々は責任がある」(われわれはせきにんがある). Note that '我々' is less commonly used in casual conversation, where '私たち (わたしたち)' is more typical.

Part Of Speech

pronoun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

498

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Act

Reading

Kanji

行Go 為Do, Sake

Explanation

The Japanese noun '行為 (こうい)' means 'act' or 'action'. It refers to a deed or something done by someone, often implying intention or purpose. This word is commonly used in formal or serious contexts, such as legal, moral, or philosophical discussions. For example: His act was unforgivable「彼の行為は許せない」(かれのこういはゆるせない). The act of kindness saved her life「その親切な行為が彼女の命を救った」(そのしんせつなこういがかのじょのいのちをすくった). Note that '行為' is neutral in tone and can refer to both positive and negative actions, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

515

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

System, Type

Reading

Kanji

系Lineage

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '系 (けい)' can mean 'system' or 'type', depending on the context. When used to mean 'system', it refers to a group of interconnected elements or a structured method. For example: the solar system「太陽系」(たいようけい). When used to mean 'type', it categorizes things based on shared characteristics. For example: blood type「血液型」(けつえきがた) is sometimes referred to as '血液系' in informal contexts. This suffix is commonly attached to nouns to form compound words, and its meaning can vary slightly depending on the word it is attached to.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

524

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Self

Reading

Kanji

自Self 己Oneself

Explanation

The Japanese noun '自己 (じこ)' means 'self'. It refers to one's own identity, personality, or being. This term is often used in contexts related to psychology, philosophy, or self-reflection. For example: self-introduction「自己紹介」(じこしょうかい). He is reflecting on himself「彼は自己を反省している」(かれはじこをはんせいしている). The term can also be used in compound words to express concepts related to the self, such as 'self-control' (自己制御, じこせいぎょ) or 'self-esteem' (自己評価, じこひょうか).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

525

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Thing, Guy

Reading

Kanji

奴Servant, Dude

Explanation

The Japanese noun '奴 (やつ)' is a colloquial term that can refer to a person or a thing, often with a slightly derogatory or informal tone. When referring to a person, it translates to 'guy' or 'fellow', and when referring to an object, it translates to 'thing'. It is commonly used in casual conversations and can carry a sense of familiarity or disdain depending on the context. For example: That guy is annoying「あの奴はうるさい」(あのやつはうるさい). What is that thing?「あの奴は何？」(あのやつはなに？). Note that while it can be used neutrally, it often implies a lack of respect or seriousness, so it should be used carefully in formal settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

526

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dislike

Reading

Kanji

嫌Dislike

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '嫌 (いや)' means 'dislike' or 'unpleasant'. It is used to express a negative feeling towards something or someone, indicating that the subject is undesirable or disagreeable. This word can be used in various contexts, such as expressing personal preferences, discomfort, or refusal. For example: I dislike that person「あの人が嫌です」(あのひとがいやです). This food is unpleasant「この食べ物は嫌です」(このたべものはいやです). It can also be used to politely refuse an offer or request, as in 'No, thank you'「いや、結構です」(いや、けっこうです). Note that '嫌' can sometimes carry a stronger connotation of aversion or repulsion depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

539

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Do

Reading

Kanji

為Do, Sake

Explanation

The Japanese verb '為さる (なさる)' is a highly respectful and honorific form of the verb 'する (to do)'. It is used to show deep respect towards the person performing the action, often when referring to someone of higher status or authority. This verb is commonly used in formal or polite contexts. For example: What will the teacher do?「先生は何をなさいますか？」(せんせいはなにをなさいますか？). Please do as you like「どうぞご自由になさってください」(どうぞごじゆうになさってください). Note that '為さる' is often used in combination with honorific prefixes like 'ご' or 'お' to further elevate the politeness level, as in 'ご覧になる (ごらんになる)' or 'お召しになる (おめしになる)'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

543

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Many

Reading

Kanji

沢Marsh, Swamp 山Mountain

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '沢山 (たくさん)' means 'many' or 'a lot'. It is used to indicate a large quantity of something, whether it be objects, people, or abstract concepts. It can be used in both positive and neutral contexts. For example: There are many books「本が沢山ある」(ほんがたくさんある). I ate a lot「沢山食べた」(たくさんたべた). Note that '沢山' is often used in casual conversation and can also imply 'enough' or 'plenty' in certain contexts, such as 'That's enough, thank you'「もう沢山です、ありがとう」(もうたくさんです、ありがとう).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

553

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Value

Reading

Kanji

価Price 値Value, Price

Explanation

The Japanese noun '価値 (かち)' means 'value'. It refers to the worth, importance, or usefulness of something, whether tangible or intangible. This word is often used in contexts discussing economic value, moral value, or the significance of an object, idea, or action. For example: This painting has great value「この絵は大きな価値がある」(このえはおおきなかちがある). The value of hard work is immeasurable「努力の価値は計り知れない」(どりょくのかちははかりしれない). It can also be used in phrases like '価値観 (かちかん)' meaning 'values' or 'sense of values'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

561

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

My

Reading

Kanji

我Self, Ego

Explanation

The Japanese determiner '我が (わが)' is an archaic or formal way to say 'my' or 'our'. It is often used in literary, formal, or poetic contexts to convey a sense of pride, possession, or belonging. For example: my country「我が国」(わがくに). our school「我が校」(わがこう). It is less commonly used in everyday conversation, where '私の (わたしの)' or '私たちの (わたしたちの)' are more typical. Note that '我が' is often followed by a noun, as in '我が家 (わがいえ) (my home)'.

Part Of Speech

determiner

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

576

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Condition

Reading

Kanji

条Clause 件Matter, Affair

Explanation

The Japanese noun '条件 (じょうけん)' means 'condition'. It refers to a requirement, stipulation, or prerequisite that must be met for something to happen or be valid. This word is commonly used in contexts such as contracts, agreements, or when setting rules. For example: The condition for approval is hard work「承認の条件は努力です」(しょうにんのじょうけんはどりょくです). We agreed on the terms and conditions「私たちは条件に合意しました」(わたしたちはじょうけんにごういしました). It can also be used in everyday situations, such as discussing conditions for a job or a relationship.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

601

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ratio, Rate

Reading

Kanji

率Command, Proportion

Explanation

The Japanese noun '率 (りつ)' refers to a 'rate' or 'ratio'. It is commonly used in contexts involving statistics, mathematics, or comparisons. For example: the unemployment rate「失業率」(しつぎょうりつ). The success rate is high「成功率が高い」(せいこうりつがたかい). This word is often combined with other nouns to form compound terms, such as 'growth rate' (成長率, せいちょうりつ) or 'interest rate' (利率, りりつ). Note that while 'rate' and 'ratio' are closely related, they are distinct concepts: 'rate' often implies a measure over time, while 'ratio' is a comparative measure between two quantities.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

606

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Namely

Reading

Kanji

即Instant, Immediate

Explanation

The Japanese conjunction '即ち (すなわち)' means 'namely' or 'in other words'. It is used to clarify or restate something that has been mentioned previously, often to provide a more precise or detailed explanation. This word is commonly used in both written and formal spoken Japanese. For example: He is my best friend, namely, my brother「彼は私の親友、即ち、私の兄です」(かれはわたしのしんゆう、すなわち、わたしのあにです). The solution is simple, namely, to work harder「解決策は簡単だ、即ち、もっと頑張ることだ」(かいけつさくはかんたんだ、すなわち、もっとがんばることだ).

Part Of Speech

conjunction

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

611

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Urge, Recommend

Reading

Kanji

勧Urge, Recommend

Explanation

The Japanese verb '勧める (すすめる)' can mean 'to recommend' or 'to urge'. When used to mean 'recommend', it often refers to suggesting something to someone, such as a product, activity, or idea. For example: I recommend this book「この本を勧めます」(このほんをすすめます). When used to mean 'urge', it implies encouraging or persuading someone to take a specific action. For example: He urged me to apply for the job「彼は私にその仕事に応募するよう勧めた」(かれはわたしにそのしごとにおうぼするようすすめた). The verb is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts, and its meaning depends on the situation and the speaker's intent.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

618

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Still, Furthermore

Reading

Kanji

猶Waver, Delay

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '猶 (なお)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'still', which is used to indicate that a situation or condition continues unchanged. For example: He is still working「彼は猶働いている」(かれはなおはたらいている). The second meaning is 'furthermore', which is used to add information or emphasize a point. For example: Furthermore, we need to consider the budget「猶、予算を考慮する必要がある」(なお、よさんをこうりょするひつようがある). This word is often used in formal or written contexts and can carry a nuanced tone depending on the situation.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

619

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Draw

Reading

Kanji

描Depict, Draw

Explanation

The Japanese verb '描く (えがく)' primarily means 'to draw' or 'to depict'. It is used when referring to creating a visual representation, such as drawing a picture or painting. It can also be used metaphorically to describe depicting or portraying something in words or imagination. For example: She drew a beautiful landscape「彼女は美しい風景を描いた」(かのじょはうつくしいふうけいをえがいた). He depicted the future in his novel「彼は小説で未来を描いた」(かれはしょうせつでみらいをえがいた). Note that this verb is often used in both literal and figurative contexts, making it versatile in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

621

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Emperor

Reading

Kanji

天Heaven 皇Emperor

Explanation

The Japanese noun '天皇 (てんのう)' refers to the 'emperor' of Japan, specifically the hereditary monarch who serves as the symbolic head of state. This term is deeply rooted in Japanese history and culture, and the emperor is considered a unifying figure for the nation. For example: The emperor visited the shrine「天皇が神社を訪れた」(てんのうがじんじゃをおとずれた). The emperor's role is largely ceremonial「天皇の役割は主に儀式的です」(てんのうのやくわりはおもにぎしきてきです). The term is also used in historical contexts to refer to past emperors.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

637

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Accident

Reading

Kanji

交Mix 通Commute, Pass 事Thing 故Reason, Deceased

Explanation

The Japanese noun '交通事故 (こうつうじこ)' refers to a 'traffic accident'. It is commonly used to describe incidents involving vehicles, such as cars, motorcycles, or bicycles, that result in damage, injury, or death. This term is often seen in news reports, legal contexts, or everyday conversations about road safety. For example: There was a traffic accident on the highway「高速道路で交通事故があった」(こうそくどうろでこうつうじこがあった). The traffic accident caused a major delay「その交通事故で大渋滞が起きた」(そのこうつうじこでだいじゅうたいがおきた). It is important to note that this term specifically refers to accidents involving vehicles and not other types of accidents.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

642

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Expert

Reading

Kanji

士Samurai

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '士 (し)' is used to denote a person who is an expert or professional in a particular field. It is often attached to nouns to form words that describe someone's profession or status. For example: a lawyer「弁護士」(べんごし). A nurse「看護士」(かんごし). This suffix is commonly used in professional titles and can be found in various contexts, such as in job titles or certifications. It is important to note that '士' can also be used in other contexts, but its primary meaning as a suffix is to indicate expertise or professional status.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

652

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Policy

Reading

Kanji

政Government, Politics 策Plan, Policy

Explanation

The Japanese noun '政策 (せいさく)' refers to a 'policy', particularly in the context of government or organizational strategies and plans. It is used to describe a course or principle of action adopted or proposed by an authority. For example: The government announced a new economic policy「政府は新しい経済政策を発表した」(せいふはあたらしいけいざいせいさくをはっぴょうした). This company has a strict environmental policy「この会社は厳しい環境政策を持っている」(このかいしゃはきびしいかんきょうせいさくをもっている). The term is often used in formal contexts and can apply to various fields such as economic, social, or foreign policy.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

692

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Differ

Reading

Kanji

異Rare, Different

Explanation

The Japanese verb '異なる (ことなる)' means 'to differ' or 'to be different'. It is used to indicate a distinction or variation between two or more things, ideas, or situations. This verb is often used in formal or written contexts to highlight differences. For example: Their opinions differ「彼らの意見は異なる」(かれらのいけんはことなる). The two cultures are different「二つの文化は異なる」(ふたつのぶんかはことなる). Note that '異なる' is typically used in its dictionary form or in polite forms like '異なります (ことなります)', and it is less common in casual speech.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

695

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Separate, Leave

Reading

Kanji

離Detach, Separate

Explanation

The Japanese verb '離れる (はなれる)' has two primary meanings: 'to separate' and 'to leave'. It is used to describe physical or emotional separation from someone or something. For example: the train is leaving the station「電車が駅を離れる」(でんしゃがえきをはなれる). She felt separated from her family「彼女は家族から離れた気がした」(かのじょはかぞくからはなれたきがした). The verb can also imply a sense of distance or detachment, such as in 'to drift apart' emotionally. Note that the verb is often used with particles like を or から to indicate what is being separated from.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

707

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reach

Reading

Kanji

至Arrive, Climax

Explanation

The Japanese verb '至る (いたる)' means 'to reach' or 'to arrive at'. It is often used to describe reaching a destination, conclusion, or state. This verb can be used in both literal and figurative contexts. For example: The train reached the station「電車が駅に至った」(でんしゃがえきにいたった). After much discussion, we reached a conclusion「多くの議論の末、結論に至った」(おおくのぎろんのすえ、けつろんにいたった). Note that '至る' can also imply a process leading up to the final point, emphasizing the journey or progression.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

720

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

However, But

Reading

Kanji

但However, But

Explanation

The Japanese conjunction '但し (ただし)' is used to introduce a condition, exception, or limitation to a previous statement. It is often translated as 'however' or 'but' in English, but it specifically implies a restriction or clarification. For example: You can enter, however, you must wear a mask「入ってもいいです、但し、マスクを着用してください」(はいってもいいです、ただし、マスクをちゃくようしてください). The event is free, but registration is required「イベントは無料です、但し、登録が必要です」(イベントはむりょうです、ただし、とうろくがひつようです). Note that '但し' is more formal and is commonly used in written or official contexts.

Part Of Speech

conjunction

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

729

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Awhile

Reading

Kanji

暫A while, Temporarily

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '暫く (しばらく)' means 'awhile' or 'for a short time'. It is used to indicate a period of time that is not very long, but not necessarily specified. This word can be used in various contexts, such as waiting, not seeing someone for some time, or taking a break. For example: I haven't seen you for awhile「暫く会っていないね」(しばらくあっていないね). Let's rest for awhile「暫く休みましょう」(しばらくやすみましょう). It can also imply a sense of anticipation or preparation for something that will happen after this short period, as in '暫くお待ちください (しばらくおまちください) (Please wait for a moment).'

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

746

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Surprised

Reading

Kanji

驚Surprise, Surprised

Explanation

The Japanese verb '驚く (おどろく)' means 'to be surprised' or 'to be astonished'. It is used to express a sudden feeling of surprise or amazement, often due to something unexpected. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as reacting to surprising news, events, or actions. For example: I was surprised by the news「そのニュースに驚いた」(そのニュースにおどろいた). He was astonished by the beautiful scenery「彼はその美しい景色に驚いた」(かれはそのうつくしいけしきにおどろいた). The verb can also be used in its negative form to indicate that someone was not surprised, as in '驚かなかった (おどろかなかった)' meaning 'was not surprised'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

757

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Heat

Reading

Kanji

暑Hot

Explanation

The Japanese noun '暑さ (あつさ)' refers to the state or condition of being hot, particularly in terms of weather or temperature. It is commonly used to describe the intensity of heat during summer or in hot climates. For example: The heat today is unbearable「今日の暑さは耐えられない」(きょうのあつさはたえられない). I can't stand the heat of summer「夏の暑さには耐えられない」(なつのあつさにはたえられない). This word is often used in weather forecasts or casual conversations about the temperature.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

760

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Warm

Reading

Kanji

暖Warm

Explanation

The Japanese verb '暖まる (あたたまる)' means 'to warm up' or 'to become warm'. It is used to describe the process of something or someone becoming warm, either physically or emotionally. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as warming up food, a room, or even one's heart. For example: The room warmed up quickly「部屋はすぐに暖まった」(へやはすぐにあたたまった). My heart warms when I see my family「家族を見ると心が暖まる」(かぞくをみるとこころがあたたまる). It is important to note that this verb is intransitive, meaning it does not take a direct object. To express the act of warming something else, the transitive verb '暖める (あたためる)' is used.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

767

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Faction

Reading

Kanji

派Sect, Faction

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '派 (は)' is used to denote a group, faction, or school of thought. It is often attached to nouns to indicate affiliation or alignment with a particular group or ideology. For example: He belongs to the conservative faction「彼は保守派です」(かれはほしゅはです). She is part of the reformist group「彼女は改革派です」(かのじょはかいかくはです). This suffix is commonly used in political, artistic, or ideological contexts to describe someone's affiliation or stance.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

775

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Disability, Obstacle

Reading

Kanji

障Hinder, Hurt 害Harm

Explanation

The Japanese noun '障害 (しょうがい)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'obstacle', referring to something that blocks or hinders progress. For example: There is an obstacle on the road「道路に障害がある」(どうろにしょうがいがある). The second meaning is 'disability', referring to a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. For example: She has a physical disability「彼女は身体障害がある」(かのじょはしんたいしょうがいがある). The word is used in various contexts, including sports, technology, and social issues, making it important to understand the specific context in which it is used.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

780

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Repeat

Reading

Kanji

繰Reel, Spin 返Return

Explanation

The Japanese verb '繰り返す (くりかえす)' means 'to repeat'. It is used to describe the action of doing something again or multiple times. This verb can be applied to various contexts, such as repeating a task, a phrase, or an event. For example: Please repeat after me「私の後について繰り返してください」(わたしのあとについてくりかえしてください). History repeats itself「歴史は繰り返す」(れきしはくりかえす). The verb can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as repeating a mistake or a pattern. It is important to note that '繰り返す' often implies a deliberate or conscious repetition, rather than something happening by chance.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

821

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Profit, Benefit

Reading

Kanji

利Profit, Advantage 益Profit, Benefit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '利益 (りえき)' can mean either 'profit' or 'benefit', depending on the context. When referring to 'profit', it is often used in business or financial contexts to describe monetary gain. For example: The company made a large profit「その会社は大きな利益を得た」(そのかいしゃはおおきなりえきをえた). When referring to 'benefit', it is used to describe an advantage or positive outcome, often in a more general or non-monetary sense. For example: This policy will bring benefits to society「この政策は社会に利益をもたらす」(このせいさくはしゃかいにりえきをもたらす). The word can be used in both formal and informal settings, but it is more commonly encountered in formal or written contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

823

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Religion

Reading

Kanji

宗Religion 教Teach

Explanation

The Japanese noun '宗教 (しゅうきょう)' means 'religion'. It refers to a system of beliefs, practices, and worship centered around a higher power or spiritual principles. This word is commonly used in discussions about faith, spirituality, or religious practices. For example: He studies religion「彼は宗教を勉強しています」(かれはしゅうきょうをべんきょうしています). Different religions coexist in this country「この国ではさまざまな宗教が共存しています」(このくにではさまざまなしゅうきょうがきょうぞんしています). The word can also be used in contexts like 'religious freedom' (宗教の自由, しゅうきょうのじゆう) or 'religious conflict' (宗教的対立, しゅうきょうてきたいりつ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

830

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Beautiful, Clean

Reading

Kanji

奇Strange, Unusual 麗Beautiful, Lovely

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '奇麗 (きれい)' can mean both 'clean' and 'beautiful', depending on the context. When used to describe cleanliness, it refers to something being free from dirt or clutter. For example: The room is clean「部屋は奇麗です」(へやはきれいです). When used to describe beauty, it refers to something or someone being aesthetically pleasing. For example: She is beautiful「彼女は奇麗です」(かのじょはきれいです). The word can also be used to describe something as neat or tidy, such as handwriting: Your handwriting is neat「あなたの字は奇麗です」(あなたのじはきれいです). It's important to note that '奇麗' is often written in hiragana as 'きれい' in modern Japanese.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

835

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

How

Reading

Kanji

如As, Likeness 何What

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '如何に (いかに)' means 'how' and is used to inquire about the manner, degree, or extent of something. It often carries a formal or literary tone and is commonly used in written language or formal speech. For example: How did you solve the problem?「如何にその問題を解決しましたか？」(いかにそのもんだいをかいけつしましたか？). How important is this decision?「如何にこの決定が重要ですか？」(いかにこのけっていがじゅうようですか？). This adverb can also be used to express surprise or emphasis, as in 'How amazing!「如何に素晴らしい！」(いかにすばらしい！)'.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

839

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Term

Reading

Kanji

項Clause, Paragraph

Explanation

The Japanese noun '項 (こう)' refers to a 'term' or 'clause' in a legal, mathematical, or logical context. It is often used in formal or technical writing to denote a specific part of a document, equation, or argument. For example: the terms of the contract「契約の項」(けいやくのこう). This term is important in the equation「この項は方程式で重要です」(このこうはほうていしきでじゅうようです). The word can also refer to a 'paragraph' or 'section' in a broader sense, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

842

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rather

Reading

Kanji

寧Rather, Courteous

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '寧ろ (むしろ)' is used to express a preference for one thing over another, often indicating that the speaker considers the second option to be more suitable, appropriate, or true than the first. It can also be used to contrast two ideas, emphasizing that the latter is more accurate or preferable. For example: I would rather stay home than go out「出かけるより寧ろ家にいたい」(でかけるよりむしろいえにいたい). It's not expensive; rather, it's cheap「高くない、寧ろ安い」(たかくない、むしろやすい). This adverb is often used in comparisons or when correcting a previous statement.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

845

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fault

Reading

Kanji

所Place 為Do, Sake

Explanation

The Japanese noun '所為 (せい)' means 'fault' or 'cause'. It is often used to indicate the reason or cause of a negative outcome, typically implying blame or responsibility. For example: It's your fault that we lost「私たちが負けたのは君の所為だ」(わたしたちがまけたのはきみのせいだ). The rain is the reason we couldn't go「雨の所為で行けなかった」(あめのせいでいけなかった). Note that '所為' is often used in a negative context and can carry a nuance of blame or responsibility for an undesirable situation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

870

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shake, Assign

Reading

Kanji

振Shake, Swing

Explanation

The Japanese verb '振る (ふる)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to shake', which refers to physically moving something back and forth or up and down. For example: shake the bottle「瓶を振る」(びんをふる). The second meaning is 'to assign', which is used in contexts like assigning roles or tasks. For example: assign a role to someone「役割を振る」(やくわりをふる). The verb can also be used metaphorically, such as shaking off a feeling or assigning blame. It's important to note the context in which '振る' is used to determine its meaning.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

873

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Terrible

Reading

Kanji

酷Cruel, Severe

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '酷い (ひどい)' primarily means 'terrible' or 'awful'. It is used to describe something that is extremely bad, severe, or harsh. This word can be applied to situations, actions, or even weather conditions. For example: The weather is terrible today「今日の天気は酷い」(きょうのてんきはひどい). He said something terrible「彼は酷いことを言った」(かれはひどいことをいった). Additionally, '酷い' can also imply a sense of cruelty or unfairness, as in 'That was a cruel joke'「それは酷い冗談だった」(それはひどいじょうだんだった). The nuance of this word often conveys a strong negative emotion, so it is typically used in contexts where something is notably bad or distressing.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

877

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Price

Reading

Kanji

価Price 格Status

Explanation

The Japanese noun '価格 (かかく)' means 'price'. It refers to the amount of money required to purchase a product or service. This term is commonly used in contexts related to shopping, economics, and business. For example: The price of this product is high「この商品の価格は高い」(このしょうひんのかかくはたかい). We need to lower the price「価格を下げる必要がある」(かかくをさげるひつようがある). It is important to note that '価格' is a formal term and is often used in written or official contexts, as opposed to the more casual term '値段 (ねだん)', which is used in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

884

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Do

Reading

Kanji

致Doth, Do humbly

Explanation

The Japanese verb '致す (いたす)' is a humble form of 'する (to do)'. It is used to express actions in a polite and respectful manner, often when referring to oneself or one's own actions in relation to others. This verb is commonly used in formal situations, business settings, or when speaking to someone of higher status. For example: I will do my best「精一杯致します」(せいいっぱいいたします). I apologize for the inconvenience「ご迷惑をおかけ致します」(ごめいわくをおかけいたします). Note that '致す' is often used in set phrases and expressions, such as 'お願い致します (おねがいいたします) (I humbly request)' or '失礼致します (しつれいいたします) (Excuse me/I'm leaving).'

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

906

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Based

Reading

Kanji

基Base, Fundation

Explanation

The Japanese verb '基づく (もとづく)' means 'to be based on' or 'to be grounded in'. It is used to indicate that something is founded on or derived from a particular source, principle, or fact. This verb is often used in formal or academic contexts. For example: This theory is based on solid evidence「この理論は確かな証拠に基づいている」(このりろんはたしかなしょうこにもとづいている). The decision was based on careful consideration「その決定は慎重な考慮に基づいていた」(そのけっていはしんちょうなこうりょにもとづいていた). Note that '基づく' is typically followed by the particle 'に' to indicate the basis or source.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

910

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reason

Reading

Kanji

故Reason, Deceased

Explanation

The Japanese noun '故 (ゆえ)' means 'reason' or 'cause'. It is often used in formal or literary contexts to explain the cause or reason behind something. It can also imply a sense of inevitability or consequence due to the reason stated. For example: due to illness, he couldn't attend「病気の故、彼は出席できなかった」(びょうきのゆえ、かれはしゅっせきできなかった). Because of the rain, the event was canceled「雨の故、イベントは中止された」(あめのゆえ、イベントはちゅうしされた). This word is typically used in written Japanese or formal speech and is less common in casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

920

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Standard

Reading

Kanji

基Base, Fundation 準Follow, Semi

Explanation

The Japanese noun '基準 (きじゅん)' refers to a 'standard' or 'criterion'. It is used to describe a set of rules, principles, or measures that serve as a basis for comparison or judgment. This word is commonly used in contexts such as quality standards, evaluation criteria, or benchmarks. For example: The company sets high standards for its products「その会社は製品の基準を高く設定している」(そのかいしゃはせいひんのきじゅんをたかくせっていしている). This test is based on strict criteria「このテストは厳しい基準に基づいている」(このテストはきびしいきじゅんにもとづいている). The word can also imply a reference point or guideline in various fields, such as business, education, or technology.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

922

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Inquire, Ask

Reading

Kanji

尋Inquire

Explanation

The Japanese verb '尋ねる (たずねる)' primarily means 'to ask' or 'to inquire'. It is used when someone is seeking information or clarification about something. This verb can be used in both formal and informal contexts, but it often carries a slightly more formal or polite nuance compared to '聞く (きく)', which also means 'to ask'. For example: I asked the teacher a question「先生に質問を尋ねた」(せんせいにしつもんをたずねた). He inquired about the meeting time「彼は会議の時間を尋ねた」(かれはかいぎのじかんをたずねた). Additionally, '尋ねる' can also mean 'to visit' or 'to call on someone', though this usage is less common and typically more formal. For example: She visited her friend's house「彼女は友達の家を尋ねた」(かのじょはともだちのいえをたずねた).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

924

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Town

Reading

Kanji

街Street, Boulevard

Explanation

The Japanese noun '街 (まち)' refers to a town or a city, often implying a lively or bustling area with shops, streets, and people. It is commonly used to describe urban areas or specific districts within a city. For example: Let's go to the town「街に行こう」(まちにいこう). This town is very lively「この街はとてもにぎやかだ」(このまちはとてもにぎやかだ). The word can also carry a sense of community or a specific atmosphere, such as a shopping street or a cultural district. It is distinct from '村 (むら)' (village) or '都市 (とし)' (metropolis), as it often conveys a smaller, more intimate urban space.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

926

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Finance

Reading

Kanji

金Gold 融Fuse, Dissolve

Explanation

The Japanese noun '金融 (きんゆう)' refers to 'finance' or 'monetary circulation'. It is commonly used in contexts related to banking, investment, and the management of money. For example: The finance industry is growing「金融業界は成長している」(きんゆうぎょうかいはせいちょうしている). He works in finance「彼は金融で働いている」(かれはきんゆうではたらいている). The term can also be used in broader contexts, such as discussing economic policies or financial systems. It is a key term in business and economic discussions in Japan.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

931

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Facility

Reading

Kanji

施Alms, Carry out 設Set up, Establish

Explanation

The Japanese noun '施設 (しせつ)' refers to a facility or institution, often used to describe buildings or places designed for a specific purpose, such as schools, hospitals, or recreational centers. It can also refer to infrastructure or installations. For example: The new sports facility is impressive「新しいスポーツ施設は素晴らしい」(あたらしいスポーツしせつはすばらしい). The hospital is a well-equipped facility「その病院は設備の整った施設です」(そのびょういんはせつびのととのったしせつです). This word is commonly used in formal or official contexts to describe public or private establishments.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

936

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Container

Reading

Kanji

器Vessel

Explanation

The Japanese noun '器 (うつわ)' primarily means 'container'. It refers to a vessel or receptacle used to hold something, such as food, liquids, or other items. This word is often used in contexts related to kitchenware, pottery, or storage. For example: a beautiful container「美しい器」(うつくしいうつわ). This container is for soup「この器はスープ用です」(このうつわはスープようです). Additionally, '器' can metaphorically refer to a person's capacity or ability, as in '彼は器が大きい (かれはうつわがおおきい)', which means 'He has a great capacity (for understanding or handling things).' However, this metaphorical usage is less common and should be clarified in context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

943

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Squad

Reading

Kanji

隊Squad

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '隊 (たい)' is used to denote a group, team, or squad, often with a specific purpose or function. It is commonly attached to nouns to form words that describe organized groups, such as military units, task forces, or specialized teams. For example: a rescue squad「救助隊」(きゅうじょたい). A fire brigade「消防隊」(しょうぼうたい). This suffix is frequently used in contexts involving organized efforts, such as emergency services, military, or even fan groups. It carries a sense of collective action and purpose.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

961

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Manufacture

Reading

Kanji

製Manufacture 造Make, Build

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '製造 (せいぞう)' means 'manufacture' or 'production'. It refers to the process of making goods or products, typically on a large scale in factories or industrial settings. This term is commonly used in contexts related to industry, business, and technology. For example: The company manufactures cars「その会社は車を製造している」(そのかいしゃはくるまをせいぞうしている). This factory produces electronic devices「この工場は電子機器を製造している」(このこうじょうはでんしききをせいぞうしている). Note that '製造' is often used in compound words, such as '製造業 (せいぞうぎょう)' (manufacturing industry) or '製造工程 (せいぞうこうてい)' (manufacturing process).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

964

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Detailed

Reading

Kanji

詳Detailed

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '詳しい (くわしい)' means 'detailed' or 'well-informed'. It is used to describe someone who has extensive knowledge about a particular subject or something that is explained or described in great detail. For example: He is knowledgeable about history「彼は歴史に詳しい」(かれはれきしにくわしい). This report is very detailed「このレポートはとても詳しい」(このレポートはとてもくわしい). The adjective can also imply familiarity or expertise in a specific area, making it a useful term for describing both people and information.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

976

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Persist

Reading

Kanji

頑Stubborn 張Spread, Stretch

Explanation

The Japanese verb '頑張る (がんばる)' means 'to persist' or 'to do one's best'. It is commonly used to encourage someone to keep trying or to put in effort. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as work, studies, sports, or personal challenges. For example: I will do my best at work「仕事で頑張ります」(しごとでがんばります). Please do your best in the exam「試験で頑張ってください」(しけんでがんばってください). It's important to note that '頑張る' can also be used to express encouragement or support, as in '頑張って！ (がんばって！) (Do your best!)'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

979

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Procedure, Dependence

Reading

Kanji

次Next 第Ordinal number

Explanation

The Japanese noun '次第 (しだい)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'dependence', indicating that something is contingent upon or determined by another factor. For example: It depends on the weather「天気次第です」(てんきしだいです). The second meaning is 'procedure' or 'order', referring to the sequence or method in which things are done. For example: The meeting will proceed according to the agenda「会議は次第に従って進みます」(かいぎはしだいにしたがってすすみます). The word can also be used as a suffix to indicate that something will happen as soon as a certain condition is met, as in '着き次第 (つきしだい)', meaning 'as soon as I arrive'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

991

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Intense, Violent

Reading

Kanji

激Violent, Fierce

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '激しい (はげしい)' primarily means 'intense' or 'violent'. It is used to describe situations, emotions, or actions that are extreme in nature. For example: The storm was intense「嵐が激しかった」(あらしがはげしかった). He has a violent temper「彼は激しい気性だ」(かれははげしいきしょうだ). This word can also describe something that is severe or fierce, such as competition or pain. For instance: The competition is fierce「競争が激しい」(きょうそうがはげしい). The pain was severe「痛みが激しかった」(いたみがはげしかった). It is important to note that '激しい' can be used in both positive and negative contexts, depending on the situation.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

992

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Professor

Reading

Kanji

教Teach 授Instruct, Confer

Explanation

The Japanese noun '教授 (きょうじゅ)' refers to a 'professor', typically in an academic or educational setting. This term is used to denote someone who holds a high-ranking teaching position at a university or college. It can also be used more broadly to refer to someone who is an expert in a particular field and imparts knowledge. For example: The professor is giving a lecture「教授が講義をしています」(きょうじゅがこうぎをしています). I respect my professor「私は教授を尊敬しています」(わたしはきょうじゅをそんけいしています). The term is formal and is often used in professional or academic contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1011

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rent

Reading

Kanji

家House 賃Rent, Fare

Explanation

The Japanese noun '家賃 (やちん)' refers to the payment made for the use of a property, typically a house or apartment. It is a common term used in discussions about housing and living expenses. For example: The rent is expensive「家賃が高い」(やちんがたかい). I pay the rent every month「毎月家賃を払う」(まいつきやちんをはらう). It's important to note that '家賃' specifically refers to the rent for living spaces, distinguishing it from other types of rent such as for vehicles or equipment.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1017

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Interest

Reading

Kanji

興Interest, Entertain 味Flavor

Explanation

The Japanese noun '興味 (きょうみ)' means 'interest'. It refers to a feeling of curiosity or concern about something, leading to a desire to learn or know more about it. This word is often used in contexts involving hobbies, studies, or general curiosity. For example: I have an interest in Japanese culture「私は日本文化に興味があります」(わたしはにほんぶんかにおもしろみがあります). She showed interest in the new project「彼女は新しいプロジェクトに興味を示しました」(かのじょはあたらしいプロジェクトにきょうみをしめしました). The word can also be used in negative forms to express a lack of interest, as in 'I have no interest in sports'「私はスポーツに興味がありません」(わたしはスポーツにきょうみがありません).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1025

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Severe, Strict

Reading

Kanji

厳Severe, Strict

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '厳しい (きびしい)' can mean 'strict' or 'severe', depending on the context. When used to describe a person, it often refers to someone who is strict or demanding, such as a teacher or parent. For example: my teacher is strict「私の先生は厳しい」(わたしのせんせいはきびしい). When used to describe a situation or condition, it can mean 'severe' or 'harsh', such as in the case of weather or rules. For example: the winter is severe「冬は厳しい」(ふゆはきびしい). This adjective can also be used to describe something that is difficult or challenging, such as a test or competition. For example: the exam was tough「試験は厳しかった」(しけんはきびしかった).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1044

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Feature

Reading

Kanji

特Special 徴Levy, Symptom

Explanation

The Japanese noun '特徴 (とくちょう)' means 'feature' or 'characteristic'. It refers to a distinctive attribute or quality of something or someone. This word is often used to describe what makes something unique or different. For example: The main feature of this product is its durability「この製品の特徴は耐久性です」(このせいひんのとくちょうはたいきゅうせいです). Another example: The characteristic of this region is its rich culture「この地域の特徴は豊かな文化です」(このちいきのとくちょうはゆたかなぶんかです). The word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to highlight specific traits or aspects.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1075

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Enemy

Reading

Kanji

敵Enemy

Explanation

The Japanese noun '敵 (てき)' means 'enemy'. It refers to a person or group that is actively opposed or hostile to someone or something. This word is commonly used in contexts such as war, competition, or personal conflicts. For example: He is my enemy「彼は私の敵です」(かれはわたしのてきです). They defeated the enemy「彼らは敵を倒した」(かれらはてきをたおした). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe challenges or obstacles, such as 'time is the enemy'「時間は敵だ」(じかんはてきだ). Note that '敵' is a neutral term and does not carry additional emotional connotations unless specified by context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1083

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wall

Reading

Kanji

壁Wall

Explanation

The Japanese noun '壁 (かべ)' means 'wall'. This word refers to a vertical structure that defines and sometimes protects an area. It can be used to describe the walls of a building, room, or any other structure. For example: there is a picture on the wall「壁に絵がある」(かべにえがある). The wall is white「壁は白い」(かべはしろい). Additionally, '壁' can be used metaphorically to describe barriers or obstacles in non-physical contexts, such as in relationships or challenges. For example: we hit a wall in our negotiations「交渉で壁にぶつかった」(こうしょうでかべにぶつかった).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1085

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Attitude

Reading

Kanji

態Appearance, Condition 度Degrees, Times

Explanation

The Japanese noun '態度 (たいど)' refers to a person's attitude, demeanor, or behavior. It is often used to describe how someone carries themselves or reacts in a given situation. This word can be used in both positive and negative contexts, depending on the situation. For example: His attitude is very positive「彼の態度はとても前向きだ」(かれのたいどはとてもまえむきだ). Her attitude towards work is lazy「彼女の仕事に対する態度は怠惰だ」(かのじょのしごとにたいするたいどはたいだだ). The word can also imply a sense of posture or stance, both physically and metaphorically.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1093

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Implementation

Reading

Kanji

実Fruit, Truth 施Alms, Carry out

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '実施 (じっし)' means 'implementation' or 'carrying out'. It refers to the act of putting a plan, policy, or system into effect. This word is commonly used in formal or professional contexts, such as business, government, or education. For example: The new policy will be implemented next month「新しい政策は来月実施されます」(あたらしいせいさくはらいげつじっしされます). The company conducted a survey「その会社は調査を実施した」(そのかいしゃはちょうさをじっしした). Note that '実施' is often used with verbs like する (to do) or される (to be done) to indicate the action of implementation.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1122

Composition

kanji

Handwriting