word

Meaning

Divide, Separate

Reading

Kanji

分Minute, Part

Explanation

The Japanese verb '分ける (わける)' primarily means 'to divide' or 'to separate'. It is used to describe the action of splitting something into parts or distinguishing one thing from another. This verb can be applied to physical objects, groups of people, or abstract concepts. For example: let's divide the cake「ケーキを分けましょう」(ケーキをわけましょう). The river separates the two towns「その川が二つの町を分けている」(そのかわがふたつのまちをわけている). Note that '分ける' can also imply sharing, as in '分けてあげる (わけてあげる)' meaning 'to share with someone'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1661

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hit, Guess

Reading

Kanji

当Hit, Appropriate

Explanation

The Japanese verb '当てる (あてる)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to hit' or 'to strike', as in physically hitting something. For example: he hit the target「彼は的を当てた」(かれはまとをあてた). The second meaning is 'to guess' or 'to predict correctly', often used in contexts like guessing the answer to a question or predicting an outcome. For example: she guessed the right answer「彼女は正しい答えを当てた」(かのじょはただしいこたえをあてた). The verb can also be used in compound verbs, such as '当てはめる (あてはめる)' which means 'to apply' or 'to fit'. The nuance of '当てる' depends on the context, so it's important to pay attention to the surrounding words to determine which meaning is intended.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1665

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Food, Meal

Reading

Kanji

食Eat, Food

Explanation

The Japanese noun '食 (しょく)' primarily refers to 'food' or 'meal'. It is a general term used to describe anything related to eating or nourishment. This word is often used in compound words to specify types of food or eating occasions, such as '朝食 (ちょうしょく)' meaning 'breakfast' or '外食 (がいしょく)' meaning 'eating out'. Example sentences include: I like Japanese food「私は日本食が好きです」(わたしはにほんしょくがすきです). We had a meal together「一緒に食事をしました」(いっしょにしょくじをしました).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1667

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Many, Majority

Reading

Kanji

多Many 数Number

Explanation

The Japanese noun '多数 (たすう)' can mean 'majority' or 'many', depending on the context. When used to mean 'majority', it refers to the greater part or number of something, such as in a group or decision. For example: The majority agreed「多数が賛成した」(たすうがさんせいした). When used to mean 'many', it refers to a large number of items or people. For example: There are many books「多数の本がある」(たすうのほんがある). The word is often used in formal or written contexts and can be paired with particles like の or が to modify nouns or indicate subjects.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1678

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Document

Reading

Kanji

文Sentence 書Write

Explanation

The Japanese noun '文書 (ぶんしょ)' refers to a written or printed document. It is commonly used to describe official papers, records, or any written material that conveys information. For example: Please submit the document「文書を提出してください」(ぶんしょをていしゅつしてください). This document is important「この文書は重要です」(このぶんしょはじゅうようです). The term can also refer to digital documents in modern contexts, such as PDFs or Word files. It is a formal term and is often used in professional or bureaucratic settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1679

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Meet, Encounter

Reading

Kanji

出Exit 会Meet

Explanation

The Japanese verb '出会う (であう)' means 'to meet' or 'to encounter'. It is used to describe the act of meeting someone or something, often by chance or unexpectedly. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as meeting a person, encountering a situation, or coming across an opportunity. For example: I met an old friend at the station「駅で昔の友達に出会った」(えきでむかしのともだちにであった). We encountered a difficult problem「難しい問題に出会った」(むずかしいもんだいにであった). The verb often implies a sense of serendipity or unexpectedness in the meeting or encounter.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1689

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Commute

Reading

Kanji

通Commute, Pass

Explanation

The Japanese verb '通う (かよう)' means 'to commute' or 'to regularly go back and forth between two places'. It is commonly used to describe the act of traveling regularly, such as commuting to work, school, or a specific location. For example: I commute to school「学校に通う」(がっこうにかよう). She commutes to work by train「彼女は電車で仕事に通う」(かのじょはでんしゃでしごとにかよう). This verb implies a habitual or routine action, emphasizing the regularity of the movement. It can also be used metaphorically, such as in '血液が通う (けつえきがかよう)' meaning 'blood circulates'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1702

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Program

Reading

Kanji

番Turn 組Association, Group

Explanation

The Japanese noun '番組 (ばんぐみ)' refers to a 'program', typically in the context of television or radio. It is used to describe scheduled content such as TV shows, radio broadcasts, or other organized segments of entertainment or information. For example: I watched a TV program last night「昨夜テレビ番組を見た」(さくやテレビばんぐみをみた). This radio program is interesting「このラジオ番組は面白い」(このラジオばんぐみはおもしろい). The word is commonly used in everyday conversation when discussing media content.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1707

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Point, Moment

Reading

Kanji

時Time, Hour 点Point

Explanation

The Japanese noun '時点 (じてん)' refers to a specific point or moment in time. It is often used to indicate a particular instance or stage in a sequence of events. This word is commonly used in formal or written contexts to specify when something occurred or will occur. For example: at the current point in time「現在の時点では」(げんざいのじてんでは). As of this moment, the decision has not been made「この時点では、決定はされていない」(このじてんでは、けっていはされていない). Note that '時点' is often paired with time-related words like '現在 (げんざい)' (current) or 'その' (that) to clarify the specific moment being referenced.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1710

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Winter

Reading

Kanji

冬Winter

Explanation

The Japanese noun '冬 (ふゆ)' means 'winter'. It refers to the coldest season of the year, typically characterized by low temperatures, snow, and shorter days. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation, literature, and weather forecasts. For example: Winter is cold「冬は寒い」(ふゆはさむい). I like winter because of the snow「雪があるので冬が好きです」(ゆきがあるのでふゆがすきです). The word can also be used in compound words, such as '冬休み (ふゆやすみ)' (winter vacation) or '冬眠 (とうみん)' (hibernation).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1711

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bird

Reading

Kanji

鳥Bird

Explanation

The Japanese noun '鳥 (とり)' means 'bird'. This word refers to any bird, whether wild or domesticated. It is commonly used in everyday conversation and can be found in various contexts, such as describing animals, nature, or even in idiomatic expressions. For example: I saw a bird in the park「公園で鳥を見た」(こうえんでとりをみた). Birds are singing「鳥が鳴いている」(とりがないている). The word '鳥' can also be used metaphorically or in compound words, such as '鳥居 (とりい)' (Shinto shrine gate), which resembles a bird's perch.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1714

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Girl

Reading

Kanji

少Few 女Woman

Explanation

The Japanese noun '少女 (しょうじょ)' means 'girl'. It specifically refers to a young girl, typically in the age range of around 7 to 18 years old. This term is often used in literature, media, and everyday conversation to describe a young female. For example: The girl is reading a book「少女は本を読んでいる」(しょうじょはほんをよんでいる). I saw a girl in the park「公園で少女を見た」(こうえんでしょうじょをみた). The word carries a nuance of youth and innocence, and it is distinct from other terms like '女の子 (おんなのこ)', which is a more general term for a girl or young woman.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1737

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Detailed, Fine

Reading

Kanji

細Slender

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '細か (こまか)' primarily means 'detailed' or 'fine'. It is used to describe something that is intricate, meticulous, or broken down into small parts. For example: She gave a detailed explanation「彼女は細かな説明をした」(かのじょはこまかなせつめいをした). The sand on this beach is very fine「このビーチの砂はとても細かい」(このビーチのすなはとてもこまかい). The word can also imply thoroughness or precision in actions or descriptions. Note that when used as '細かい (こまかい)', it functions as an adjective and often describes physical characteristics like texture or granularity, or abstract qualities like attention to detail.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1738

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Meat

Reading

Kanji

肉Meat

Explanation

The Japanese noun '肉 (にく)' primarily refers to 'meat', the flesh of animals used as food. It is commonly used in contexts related to cooking, eating, or discussing food. For example: I like meat「肉が好きです」(にくがすきです). This meat is delicious「この肉は美味しい」(このにくはおいしい). Additionally, '肉' can sometimes be used metaphorically to refer to the flesh or body in a more abstract sense, such as in the context of physicality or corporeality. For example: He has a strong body「彼は肉が強い」(かれはにくがつよい).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1745

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

This year

Reading

Kanji

今Now 年Year

Explanation

The Japanese noun '今年 (ことし)' means 'this year'. It refers to the current year in which the speaker is living or the event is taking place. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to indicate the present year. For example: This year is going well「今年は順調です」(ことしはじゅんちょうです). I will graduate this year「今年卒業します」(ことしそつぎょうします). It is important to note that '今年' is always used to refer to the current year and does not change based on the context of the sentence.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1774

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Writer

Reading

Kanji

作Make 家House

Explanation

The Japanese noun '作家 (さっか)' refers to a 'writer' or 'author', specifically someone who creates literary works such as novels, essays, or poetry. This term is often used to describe professional writers who are recognized for their creative contributions to literature. For example: She is a famous writer「彼女は有名な作家です」(かのじょはゆうめいなさっかです). The writer published a new novel「その作家は新しい小説を出版しました」(そのさっかはあたらしいしょうせつをしゅっぱんしました). The word can also be used more broadly to describe creators in other artistic fields, such as playwrights or screenwriters, but it primarily emphasizes literary creation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1785

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Electricity

Reading

Kanji

電Electricity 気Spirit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '電気 (でんき)' primarily means 'electricity'. It refers to the form of energy resulting from the existence of charged particles, such as electrons or protons, either statically as an accumulation of charge or dynamically as a current. This word is commonly used in everyday contexts to refer to electrical power or lighting. For example: The electricity went out「電気が消えた」(でんきがきえた). I pay the electricity bill every month「毎月電気代を払う」(まいつきでんきだいをはらう). Additionally, '電気' can sometimes refer to electric appliances or devices, as in '電気製品 (でんきせいひん)' which means 'electrical appliances'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1796

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Siblings

Reading

Kanji

兄Older brother 弟Younger brother

Explanation

The Japanese noun '兄弟 (きょうだい)' refers to siblings, including both brothers and sisters. It is a gender-neutral term that can be used to describe a group of siblings or to refer to one's own brothers and sisters collectively. For example: I have three siblings「私には兄弟が三人います」(わたしにはきょうだいがさんにんいます). My siblings are kind「私の兄弟は優しいです」(わたしのきょうだいはやさしいです). Note that '兄弟' can also be used in a broader sense to refer to close friends or comrades, implying a bond similar to that of siblings, though this usage is less common and context-dependent.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1844

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Books

Reading

Kanji

図Map 書Write

Explanation

The Japanese noun '図書 (としょ)' refers to 'books'. It is a formal term often used in contexts like libraries or official documents. For example: The library has many books「図書館には図書がたくさんある」(としょかんにはとしょがたくさんある). Please return the books to the library「図書を図書館に返してください」(としょをとしょかんにかえしてください). This term is more formal than the everyday word '本 (ほん)', which also means 'books'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1848

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Word

Reading

Kanji

一One 言Say

Explanation

The Japanese noun '一言 (ひとこと)' literally means 'one word' or 'a single word'. It is often used to refer to a brief comment, remark, or statement. This word is commonly used when someone wants to emphasize the importance of a short but meaningful message. For example: Please let me say one word「一言言わせてください」(ひとこといわせてください). He left without a word「彼は一言も言わずに去った」(かれはひとこともいわずにさった). It can also be used in phrases like '一言で言うと (ひとことでいうと)' which means 'in a word' or 'to put it briefly'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1865

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Step

Reading

Kanji

歩Walk

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '歩 (ほ)' is used to indicate a unit of measurement for steps or walking distance. It is often used in contexts related to walking, such as counting steps or measuring distances in terms of steps. For example: I walked 10,000 steps today「今日は1万歩歩きました」(きょうはいちまんほあるきました). The park is about 500 steps away from here「公園はここから約500歩です」(こうえんはここからやくごひゃくほです). This suffix is commonly used in health and fitness contexts to track physical activity.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1873

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Underground, Basement

Reading

Kanji

地Ground 下Down

Explanation

The Japanese noun '地下 (ちか)' can mean either 'basement' or 'underground', depending on the context. When referring to a building, it typically means 'basement', as in the lower level of a structure. For example: the restaurant is in the basement「レストランは地下にある」(れすとらんはちかにある). When used in a broader sense, it can refer to anything underground, such as subway systems or underground facilities. For example: the train runs underground「電車は地下を走る」(でんしゃはちかをはしる). The word is versatile and context-dependent, so it's important to consider the surrounding text to determine the exact meaning.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1889

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Star

Reading

Kanji

星Star

Explanation

The Japanese noun '星 (ほし)' means 'star'. It refers to celestial bodies visible in the night sky, such as stars in space. It can also be used metaphorically to describe someone who is a 'star' in the sense of being famous or outstanding. For example: The stars are beautiful tonight「今夜の星はきれいだ」(こんやのほしはきれいだ). She is a star in the music industry「彼女は音楽界の星だ」(かのじょはおんがくかいのほしだ). The word is commonly used in both literal and figurative contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1933

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Church

Reading

Kanji

教Teach 会Meet

Explanation

The Japanese noun '教会 (きょうかい)' means 'church'. It refers to a place of worship for Christians, where religious services and ceremonies are held. This word is commonly used to describe both the physical building and the institution itself. For example: I went to the church「教会に行きました」(きょうかいにいきました). The church is beautiful「その教会は美しい」(そのきょうかいはうつくしい). It can also be used metaphorically to describe a community or congregation, as in '教会のメンバー (きょうかいのメンバー) (church members)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1935

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Turn, Pass

Reading

Kanji

回Revolve, Times

Explanation

The Japanese verb '回す (まわす)' primarily means 'to turn' or 'to rotate' something, such as turning a knob or rotating an object. It can also mean 'to pass' something around, like passing a document or an item to someone else. For example: turn the handle「ハンドルを回す」(ハンドルをまわす). Please pass the salt「塩を回してください」(しおをまわしてください). This verb is versatile and can be used in various contexts, both literal and figurative, to indicate the action of turning or passing.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1937

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Park

Reading

Kanji

公Public 園Garden

Explanation

The Japanese noun '公園 (こうえん)' means 'park'. It refers to a public area of land with grass, trees, and often playgrounds or walking paths, where people can relax, play, or enjoy nature. This word is commonly used to describe urban parks, national parks, or any designated recreational area. For example: Let's go to the park「公園に行きましょう」(こうえんにいきましょう). The park is beautiful in spring「公園は春に美しい」(こうえんははるにうつくしい). It can also be used in compound words like '動物公園 (どうぶつこうえん)' (zoo) or '国立公園 (こくりつこうえん)' (national park).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1946

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Younger sister

Reading

Kanji

妹Younger sister

Explanation

The Japanese noun '妹 (いもうと)' specifically refers to a younger sister. It is used to describe a female sibling who is younger than the speaker. This term is commonly used in family contexts and is gender-specific. For example: my younger sister is kind「私の妹は優しい」(わたしのいもうとはやさしい). I have a younger sister「私は妹がいます」(わたしはいもうとがいます). Note that '妹' is only used for younger sisters; for older sisters, the term '姉 (あね)' is used.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1948

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Remove, Miss

Reading

Kanji

外Outside

Explanation

The Japanese verb '外す (はずす)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to remove' or 'to take off', often used when detaching or separating something from its usual position. For example: he removed his glasses「彼はメガネを外した」(かれはめがねをはずした). The second meaning is 'to miss', as in failing to hit a target or missing an opportunity. For example: I missed the train「電車を外した」(でんしゃをはずした). This verb is versatile and can be used in both literal and figurative contexts. It is important to note that the meaning depends heavily on the context of the sentence.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1973

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bill, Accounting

Reading

Kanji

会Meet 計Measure, Plan

Explanation

The Japanese noun '会計 (かいけい)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'accounting', which refers to the systematic recording, reporting, and analysis of financial transactions. For example: I work in accounting「私は会計の仕事をしています」(わたしはかいけいのしごとをしています). The second meaning is 'bill', referring to the amount of money owed for goods or services, especially in a restaurant or store. For example: Can I have the bill, please?「会計をお願いします」(かいけいをおねがいします). The context usually makes it clear which meaning is intended.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1976

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Record

Reading

Kanji

記Record

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '記 (き)' means 'record' or 'chronicle'. It is commonly attached to nouns to indicate a written account, documentation, or record of something. For example: a travel record「旅行記」(りょこうき). A historical record「歴史記」(れきしき). This suffix is often used in formal or literary contexts to denote a systematic or detailed account of events, experiences, or information. It can also imply a sense of permanence or importance in the documentation.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1994

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Subject

Reading

Kanji

教Teach 科Section, Department

Explanation

The Japanese noun '教科 (きょうか)' refers to a 'subject' in the context of education, such as a specific field of study taught in school. It is commonly used to describe academic disciplines like mathematics, science, or history. For example: My favorite subject is math「私の好きな教科は数学です」(わたしのすきなきょうかはすうがくです). We have five subjects this semester「今学期は五つの教科があります」(こんがっきはいつつのきょうかがあります). The term is often used in educational settings and is neutral in tone, applicable to both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2045

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Electron

Reading

Kanji

電Electricity 子Child

Explanation

The Japanese noun '電子 (でんし)' refers to an 'electron', a subatomic particle with a negative charge. This term is commonly used in scientific contexts, particularly in physics and chemistry. It can also be part of compound words related to electronics or digital technology, such as '電子メール (でんしメール)' (email) or '電子機器 (でんしきき)' (electronic device). Example sentences: Electrons are negatively charged particles「電子は負の電荷を持った粒子です」(でんしはふのでんかをもったりゅうしです). This device uses electrons to function「この装置は電子を使って機能します」(このそうちはでんしをつかってきのうします).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2047

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Correct, Fix

Reading

Kanji

直Straight, Repair

Explanation

The Japanese verb '直す (なおす)' has two primary meanings: 'fix' and 'correct'. When used to mean 'fix', it refers to repairing something that is broken or not functioning properly. For example: I will fix the broken chair「壊れた椅子を直します」(こわれたちすをなおします). When used to mean 'correct', it refers to making something right or accurate, such as correcting a mistake. For example: Please correct the error in the document「書類の誤りを直してください」(しょるいのあやまりをなおしてください). The verb is versatile and can be applied to physical objects, situations, or even behaviors. It is often used in both casual and formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2051

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Various

Reading

Kanji

色Color

Explanation

The Japanese determiner '色んな (いろんな)' is a colloquial form of '色々な (いろいろな)', meaning 'various' or 'all sorts of'. It is used to describe a wide range of things or situations, often implying diversity or variety. This word is commonly used in casual conversations. For example: I have various books「色んな本を持っている」(いろんなほんをもっている). She has various hobbies「彼女は色んな趣味がある」(かのじょはいろんなしゅみがある). Note that '色んな' is less formal than '色々な' and is typically used in spoken language.

Part Of Speech

determiner

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2065

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Civilization

Reading

Kanji

文Sentence 明Bright

Explanation

The Japanese noun '文明 (ぶんめい)' refers to 'civilization', encompassing the advanced state of human society, marked by developments in culture, science, industry, and government. It is often used to discuss historical or global contexts, such as the rise and fall of civilizations or comparisons between different cultures. Example sentences include: Ancient civilizations were fascinating「古代文明は魅力的だった」(こだいぶんめいはみりょくてきだった). Modern civilization depends on technology「現代文明は技術に依存している」(げんだいぶんめいはぎじゅつにいぞんしている). The word can also imply progress or advancement, as in '文明の進歩 (ぶんめいのしんぽ)' (progress of civilization).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2067

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

So to speak

Reading

Kanji

言Say

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '言わば (いわば)' is used to introduce a metaphor, analogy, or figurative expression to describe something. It can be translated as 'so to speak', 'as it were', or 'in a manner of speaking'. This word is often used to make abstract or complex ideas more relatable by comparing them to something familiar. For example: He is, so to speak, the brain of the team「彼は言わばチームの頭脳だ」(かれはいわばチームのずのうだ). This place is, as it were, a paradise on earth「この場所は言わば地上の楽園だ」(このばしょはいわばちじょうのらくえんだ). Note that '言わば' is typically used in written or formal contexts rather than casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2079

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Watch, Clock

Reading

Kanji

時Time, Hour 計Measure, Plan

Explanation

The Japanese noun '時計 (とけい)' refers to devices that measure and indicate time. It can mean both 'clock' (a device typically found on walls or desks) and 'watch' (a portable timepiece worn on the wrist). This word is commonly used in everyday contexts to refer to timekeeping devices. For example: The clock is on the wall「時計は壁にあります」(とけいはかべにあります). I bought a new watch「新しい時計を買いました」(あたらしいとけいをかいました). The context usually clarifies whether it refers to a clock or a watch, but both meanings are widely understood.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2117

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Number

Reading

Kanji

数Number 字Character

Explanation

The Japanese noun '数字 (すうじ)' refers to a 'number' or 'numerical figure'. It is commonly used in contexts involving mathematics, statistics, or any situation where numerical values are discussed. For example: Please write the number here「ここに数字を書いてください」(ここにすうじをかいてください). The numbers on the screen are hard to read「画面の数字が読みにくい」(がめんのすうじがよみにくい). This word can also refer to digits or numerals in a broader sense, such as in phone numbers or codes. It is important to note that '数字' specifically refers to the written or symbolic representation of numbers, not the concept of quantity itself.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2142

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Train

Reading

Kanji

電Electricity 車Car

Explanation

The Japanese noun '電車 (でんしゃ)' refers to an electric train, commonly used for public transportation in Japan. It specifically denotes trains powered by electricity, as opposed to other types of trains like steam or diesel. This word is widely used in daily conversations and is essential for navigating Japan's extensive rail network. Example sentences: I take the train to work「電車で仕事に行きます」(でんしゃでしごとにいきます). The train is crowded「電車は混んでいます」(でんしゃはこんでいます). Note that '電車' is often used interchangeably with '列車 (れっしゃ)' in casual contexts, but '列車' can refer to any type of train, not just electric ones.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2157

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Second half

Reading

Kanji

後After, Behind 半Half

Explanation

The Japanese noun '後半 (こうはん)' refers to the 'second half' of something, such as a period of time, an event, or a game. It is often used in contexts like sports, movies, or academic terms. For example: The second half of the movie was exciting「映画の後半は興奮した」(えいがのこうはんはこうふんした). The second half of the year is busy「年の後半は忙しい」(としのこうはんはいそがしい). This term is commonly paired with '前半 (ぜんはん)' to denote the first half of something.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2189

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Spread, Expand

Reading

Kanji

広Wide

Explanation

The Japanese verb '広げる (ひろげる)' primarily means 'to spread' or 'to expand'. It is used to describe the action of making something wider, broader, or more extensive. This can refer to physical objects, such as spreading out a map or expanding a business. For example: She spread the map on the table「彼女はテーブルに地図を広げた」(かのじょはテーブルにちずをひろげた). The company is expanding its operations「その会社は事業を広げている」(そのかいしゃはじぎょうをひろげている). The verb can also be used metaphorically, such as expanding one's horizons or spreading ideas. Note that '広げる' is a transitive verb, meaning it requires a direct object to complete its meaning.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2193

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rock

Reading

Kanji

岩Boulder

Explanation

The Japanese noun '岩 (いわ)' means 'rock'. It refers to a large, solid mass of stone or mineral material. This word is commonly used to describe natural rock formations, such as cliffs, boulders, or large stones. For example: There is a big rock in the river「川に大きな岩がある」(かわにおおきないわがある). The climber stood on the rock「クライマーは岩の上に立った」(クライマーはいわのうえにたった). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something solid or unyielding, like a person's resolve.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2256

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Morning sun

Reading

Kanji

朝Morning 日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '朝日 (あさひ)' refers to the 'morning sun'. It is commonly used to describe the sun as it rises in the morning, often evoking a sense of freshness, hope, or beauty. This word is frequently used in poetry, literature, and everyday conversation to describe the early sunlight. For example: The morning sun is beautiful「朝日がきれいだ」(あさひがきれいだ). I woke up to the morning sun「朝日で目が覚めた」(あさひでめがさめた). The word can also be used metaphorically to symbolize new beginnings or optimism.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2279

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Natural, Obvious

Reading

Kanji

当Hit, Appropriate 前Before, Front

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '当たり前 (あたりまえ)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'obvious', referring to something that is clear, self-evident, or expected. The second meaning is 'natural', indicating something that is normal, ordinary, or to be expected. This word is often used to express that something is a given or should be taken for granted. For example: It's obvious that the sun rises in the east「太陽が東から昇るのは当たり前だ」(たいようがひがしからのぼるのはあたりまえだ). It's natural to feel nervous before a big test「大きなテストの前に緊張するのは当たり前だ」(おおきなテストのまえにきんちょうするのはあたりまえだ). The word can also carry a nuance of something being taken for granted, as in 'It's only natural to help others'「他人を助けるのは当たり前だ」(たにんをたすけるのはあたりまえだ).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2298

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Thin

Reading

Kanji

細Slender

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '細い (ほそい)' means 'thin'. This adjective is used to describe something that has a small width or diameter, such as a thread, a person's body, or a road. It can also describe something that is narrow or slender. For example: this thread is thin「この糸は細い」(このいとはほそい). She has thin arms「彼女は腕が細い」(かのじょはうでがほそい). The road is narrow「その道は細い」(そのみちはほそい). It is important to note that '細い' is often used to describe physical attributes or objects, and it carries a neutral tone unless context suggests otherwise.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2301

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Temporarily, Once

Reading

Kanji

一One 時Time, Hour

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '一時 (いちじ)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'once', referring to a specific point in time in the past. For example: I lived there once「私は一時そこに住んでいた」(わたしはいちじそこにすんでいた). The second meaning is 'temporarily', indicating a short period or a temporary state. For example: The store is temporarily closed「その店は一時閉店中です」(そのみせはいちじへいてんちゅうです). The word is often used in formal or written contexts to describe past events or temporary situations.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2306

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Now, Around now

Reading

Kanji

今Now

Explanation

The Japanese noun '今ごろ (いまごろ)' refers to the current time or the approximate present moment. It can be translated as 'now' or 'around now' and is often used to indicate what is happening or should be happening at this time. For example: What is he doing now?「彼は今ごろ何をしているの？」(かれはいまごろなにをしているの？). By now, the train should have arrived「今ごろ電車は着いているはずだ」(いまごろでんしゃはついているはずだ). The word can also imply a sense of speculation or estimation about the current situation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2315

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Soon, Any moment

Reading

Kanji

今Now

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '今にも (いまにも)' is used to indicate that something is about to happen very soon or at any moment. It often carries a sense of urgency or immediacy. This word is commonly used in situations where an event is on the verge of occurring, such as rain about to fall or someone about to cry. For example: It looks like it's going to rain soon「今にも雨が降りそうだ」(いまにもあめがふりそうだ). She looks like she's about to cry any moment「彼女は今にも泣き出しそうだ」(かのじょはいまにもなきだしそうだ). The adverb is often paired with verbs or expressions that suggest something is imminent.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2318

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Soon, Eventually

Reading

Kanji

今Now

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '今に (いまに)' can mean 'soon' or 'eventually', depending on the context. It is often used to express that something will happen in the near future or at some point in time, often with a sense of inevitability or anticipation. For example: He will succeed soon「彼は今に成功する」(かれはいまにせいこうする). Eventually, everyone will understand「今にみんながわかる」(いまにみんながわかる). The nuance of '今に' can imply a sense of waiting or expectation, and it is commonly used in both casual and formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2321

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Coming and going

Reading

Kanji

行Go 来Come

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '行き来 (いきき)' refers to the act of going and coming, or movement back and forth between places. It can describe physical movement, such as traveling between two locations, or metaphorical movement, such as the exchange of ideas or communication. For example: There is a lot of coming and going between the two cities「二つの都市の間で行き来が多い」(ふたつのとしのあいだでいききがおおい). The exchange of letters between them was frequent「彼らの間で手紙の行き来が頻繁だった」(かれらのあいだでてがみのいききがひんぱんだった).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2322

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

At least

Reading

Kanji

少Few

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '少なくとも (すくなくとも)' means 'at least'. It is used to indicate the minimum amount, degree, or quantity required or expected. This word is often used to emphasize that something is the bare minimum or to set a lower limit. For example: At least three people are needed「少なくとも三人必要です」(すくなくともさんにんひつようです). I want to sleep at least six hours「少なくとも六時間は寝たい」(すくなくともろくじかんはねたい). It can also be used to express reassurance or a baseline expectation, as in 'At least it didn't rain today'「少なくとも今日は雨が降らなかった」(すくなくともきょうはあめがふらなかった).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2337

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Father, Old man

Reading

Kanji

親Parent 父Father

Explanation

The Japanese noun '親父 (おやじ)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'father', often used in a casual or affectionate way, typically by adult children when referring to their own father. For example: my father is strict「私の親父は厳しい」(わたしのおやじはきびしい). The second meaning is 'old man', which can be used to refer to an older man, often in a somewhat informal or colloquial context. For example: that old man is kind「あの親父は優しい」(あのおやじはやさしい). Note that the tone can vary depending on the context, and it may carry a sense of familiarity or even slight roughness.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2341

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Morning, AM

Reading

Kanji

午Noon 前Before, Front

Explanation

The Japanese noun '午前 (ごぜん)' refers to the time period from midnight to noon, commonly known as 'morning' or 'AM' in English. It is often used in contexts related to time, schedules, or appointments. For example: The meeting is at 10 AM「会議は午前10時です」(かいぎはごぜんじゅうじです). I wake up early in the morning「私は午前中に早く起きます」(わたしはごぜんちゅうにはやくおきます). Note that '午前' is typically used in formal or written contexts, while '朝 (あさ)' is more commonly used in casual speech to refer to the morning.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2350

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Outing

Reading

Kanji

外Outside 出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '外出 (がいしゅつ)' refers to the act of going out or leaving one's home or usual place. It is commonly used to describe activities such as going outside for errands, leisure, or other purposes. For example: I went out for shopping「買い物に外出した」(かいものにがいしゅつした). She rarely goes out「彼女はめったに外出しない」(かのじょはめったにがいしゅつしない). The word can also imply a temporary absence from a place, such as leaving the office or home for a short period.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2352

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Line, Row

Reading

Kanji

行Go

Explanation

The Japanese noun '行 (ぎょう)' primarily refers to a 'row' or 'line'. It is commonly used in contexts such as seating arrangements, text formatting, or organizing items in a sequence. For example: the text is written in three lines「テキストは三行で書かれている」(てきすとはさんぎょうでかかれている). Please sit in the front row「前の行に座ってください」(まえのぎょうにすわってください). Additionally, '行' can also refer to a line of text in written material, such as in books or documents. For instance: this paragraph has five lines「この段落は五行あります」(このだんらくはごぎょうあります).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2353

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Weekly holiday

Reading

Kanji

週Week 休Rest

Explanation

The Japanese noun '週休 (しゅうきゅう)' refers to 'weekly holiday' or 'day off per week.' It is commonly used in talking about work or school schedules, indicating a regularly scheduled day off each week. Example: My weekly holiday is Sunday 「私の週休は日曜日です」 (わたしのしゅうきゅうはにちようびです). The company offers a weekly holiday 「その会社は週休を提供しています」 (そのかいしゃはしゅうきゅうをていきょうしています). This word is often used in contexts related to employment, work-life balance, or academic schedules.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2355

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Really

Reading

Kanji

一One 体Body

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '一体 (いったい)' is used to express strong emphasis, doubt, or curiosity, often translated as 'really', 'on earth', or 'in the world'. It is commonly used in questions to convey a sense of wonder or disbelief. For example: What on earth is this?「一体これは何ですか？」(いったいこれはなんですか？). Where in the world did you go?「一体どこに行ったの？」(いったいどこにいったの？). It can also be used in exclamations to emphasize a statement, such as: I really don't understand!「一体わからない！」(いったいわからない！). The nuance of '一体' often implies that the speaker is seeking clarity or expressing frustration.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2356

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ring

Reading

Kanji

鳴Chirp

Explanation

The Japanese verb '鳴る (なる)' primarily means 'to ring' or 'to sound'. It is used to describe the action of producing a sound, often in the context of bells, alarms, or other devices that emit sound. For example: the bell rang「ベルが鳴った」(べるがなった). The alarm clock is ringing「目覚まし時計が鳴っている」(めざましどけいがなっている). Additionally, '鳴る' can be used metaphorically to describe sounds in nature, such as thunder rumbling「雷が鳴る」(かみなりがなる). This verb is commonly used in everyday situations to indicate the occurrence of a sound.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2362

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Door

Reading

Kanji

戸Door

Explanation

The Japanese noun '戸 (と)' refers to a 'door', specifically a traditional sliding door or panel used in Japanese architecture. It is commonly used in contexts related to traditional Japanese homes, where sliding doors (fusuma or shoji) are prevalent. For example: Please close the door「戸を閉めてください」(とをしめてください). The door is made of wood「その戸は木でできています」(そのとはきでできています). Note that '戸' is often used in compound words, such as '引き戸 (ひきど)' (sliding door) or '雨戸 (あまど)' (storm shutter).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2385

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Raise

Reading

Kanji

高High, Expensive

Explanation

The Japanese verb '高める (たかめる)' means 'to raise' or 'to elevate'. It is used to describe the action of increasing the level, quality, or status of something. This verb can be applied to both physical and abstract concepts. For example: She raised her voice「彼女は声を高めた」(かのじょはこえをたかめた). We need to elevate the quality of our products「私たちは製品の質を高める必要がある」(わたしたちはせいひんのしつをたかめるひつようがある). The verb is often used in contexts where improvement or enhancement is the goal, such as in skills, standards, or awareness.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2390

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Runaway

Reading

Kanji

家House 出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '家出 (いえで)' means 'runaway'. It refers to the act of leaving one's home or family, often without permission or notice, typically to escape a difficult situation or to seek independence. This term is often used in contexts involving youth or family conflicts. For example: she became a runaway「彼女は家出をした」(かのじょはいえでをした). The boy ran away from home「その少年は家出をした」(そのしょうねんはいえでをした). Note that '家出' can also imply a temporary departure, not necessarily permanent.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2394

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Landlord

Reading

Kanji

大Big 家House

Explanation

The Japanese noun '大家 (おおや)' refers to a 'landlord' or 'landlady', the person who owns and rents out property. This term is commonly used in the context of renting apartments or houses in Japan. For example: The landlord is very kind「大家さんはとても親切です」(おおやさんはとてもしんせつです). I need to talk to the landlord about the rent「家賃について大家さんと話す必要があります」(やちんについておおやさんとはなすひつようがあります). It's important to note that '大家' can also refer to a 'master' or 'expert' in a particular field, but this usage is less common and typically requires additional context to avoid confusion.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2395

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Originally

Reading

Kanji

元Origin 来Come

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '元来 (がんらい)' means 'originally' or 'by nature'. It is used to describe something that is inherently or fundamentally a certain way, often emphasizing the original state or nature of something. This word is commonly used in formal or written contexts. For example: He was originally a kind person「彼は元来優しい人だった」(かれはがんらいやさしいひとだった). This plant is originally from Japan「この植物は元来日本原産です」(このしょくぶつはがんらいにほんげんさんです). The word can also imply a contrast between the original state and the current state, as in '元来彼は静かな人だが、最近は騒がしい (がんらいかれはしずかなひとだが、さいきんはさわがしい)' (Originally, he was a quiet person, but lately he has been noisy).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2396

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

New years day

Reading

Kanji

元Origin 日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '元日 (がんじつ)' refers specifically to 'New Year's Day', which is January 1st. This is the first day of the year in the Gregorian calendar and is a national holiday in Japan. It is a day of celebration, family gatherings, and traditional customs such as visiting shrines or temples (初詣, はつもうで). Example sentences: We celebrate New Year's Day with family「家族で元日を祝います」(かぞくでがんじつをいわいます). New Year's Day is a public holiday「元日は祝日です」(がんじつはしゅくじつです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2397

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Principle

Reading

Kanji

原Meadow, Original 理Reason

Explanation

The Japanese noun '原理 (げんり)' means 'principle'. It refers to a fundamental truth, law, or concept that serves as the foundation for a system of belief, behavior, or reasoning. This word is often used in scientific, philosophical, or technical contexts to describe the basic rules or theories that explain how something works. For example: the principle of gravity「重力の原理」(じゅうりょくのげんり). The principle of democracy「民主主義の原理」(みんしゅしゅぎのげんり). It can also be used in everyday contexts to describe the underlying reason or logic behind something, such as 'the principle behind this machine'「この機械の原理」(このきかいのげんり).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2398

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mid year gift

Reading

Kanji

中Center 元Origin

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'お中元 (おちゅうげん)' refers to a traditional custom of giving gifts during the midyear, typically around July, to express gratitude or maintain social relationships. This practice is deeply rooted in Japanese culture and is often directed towards superiors, colleagues, or acquaintances. The gifts are usually items like food, drinks, or household goods. For example: I received a midyear gift from my boss「上司からお中元をもらいました」(じょうしからおちゅうげんをもらいました). We sent a midyear gift to our relatives「親戚にお中元を送りました」(しんせきにおちゅうげんをおくりました). The term 'お中元' is often associated with the summer season and is part of a broader cultural practice that includes 'お歳暮 (おせいぼ)', which is a year-end gift-giving tradition.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2401

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Menstruation, Physiology

Reading

Kanji

生Life 理Reason

Explanation

The Japanese noun '生理 (せいり)' has two distinct meanings. The first and most common meaning is 'menstruation', referring to the monthly cycle in women. For example: She is on her period「彼女は生理中です」(かのじょはせいりちゅうです). The second meaning is 'physiology', referring to the biological functions and processes of living organisms. For example: The study of human physiology is fascinating「人間の生理の研究は興味深い」(にんげんのせいりのけんきゅうはきょうみぶかい). These two meanings are unrelated and should be understood in their respective contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2403

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Heavy snow

Reading

Kanji

大Big 雪Snow

Explanation

The Japanese noun '大雪 (おおゆき)' refers to 'heavy snow'. It is used to describe a significant snowfall, often implying that the snow is deep or has caused disruptions. This term is commonly used in weather forecasts or when discussing winter conditions. For example: Heavy snow is expected tomorrow「明日は大雪が予想されています」(あしたはおおゆきがよそうされています). The heavy snow blocked the roads「大雪で道路がふさがれた」(おおゆきでどうろがふさがれた). Note that '大雪' can also be used metaphorically to describe something overwhelming or abundant, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2414

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Thought

Reading

Kanji

思Think 考Think, Consider

Explanation

The Japanese noun '思考 (しこう)' means 'thought' or 'thinking'. It refers to the process of using one's mind to consider or reason about something. This word is often used in contexts related to philosophy, psychology, or everyday reasoning. For example: deep thought「深い思考」(ふかいしこう). Logical thinking is important「論理的思考は重要だ」(ろんりてきしこうはじゅうようだ). It can also be used in compound words like '思考力 (しこうりょく)' (thinking ability) or '思考回路 (しこうかいろ)' (thought process). Note that '思考' is more formal and abstract compared to '考え (かんがえ)', which is more casual and personal.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2420

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dawn

Reading

Kanji

明Bright 方Direction

Explanation

The Japanese noun '明け方 (あけがた)' refers to the time of day when the sky begins to lighten, just before sunrise. It is often used to describe the early morning hours when night transitions into day. This word carries a poetic nuance and is commonly used in literature or to evoke a sense of calm and renewal. For example: I woke up at dawn「明け方に目が覚めた」(あけがたにめがさめた). The dawn was beautiful「明け方が美しかった」(あけがたがうつくしかった). Note that '明け方' is distinct from '朝 (あさ)', which refers to the broader concept of morning.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2421

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Middle, Halfway

Reading

Kanji

半Half

Explanation

The Japanese noun '半ば (なかば)' can mean 'middle' or 'halfway'. It is often used to describe a point in time, space, or progress that is neither the beginning nor the end. For example: we are halfway through the year「今年も半ばです」(ことしもなかばです). The meeting is in the middle of the agenda「会議は議題の半ばです」(かいぎはぎだいのなかばです). The word can also imply a sense of incompleteness or ongoing progress, as in 'the project is halfway done'「プロジェクトは半ばです」(ぷろじぇくと は なかばです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2422

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Listener

Reading

Kanji

聞Listen 手Hand

Explanation

The Japanese noun '聞き手 (ききて)' refers to a 'listener' or someone who is listening. It is often used in contexts where someone is actively paying attention to what is being said, such as in conversations, speeches, or storytelling. For example: The listener was very attentive「聞き手はとても注意深かった」(ききてはとてもちゅういぶかかった). The speaker tried to engage the listener「話し手は聞き手を引きつけようとした」(はなしてはききてをひきつけようとした). This term emphasizes the role of the person receiving information or a story, rather than the one delivering it.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2429

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Yen strength

Reading

Kanji

円Circle, Yen 高High, Expensive

Explanation

The Japanese noun '円高 (えんだか)' refers to a situation where the value of the Japanese yen is strong or high relative to other currencies. This term is commonly used in economic and financial contexts to describe the yen's exchange rate. For example: The yen's strength is affecting exports「円高が輸出に影響を与えている」(えんだかがゆしゅつにえいきょうをあたえている). Due to the strong yen, traveling abroad has become cheaper「円高のため、海外旅行が安くなった」(えんだかのため、かいがいりょこうがやすくなった). It's important to note that '円高' is often discussed in relation to its opposite, '円安 (えんやす)', which means a weak yen.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2435

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

This book

Reading

Kanji

本Book, Origin 書Write

Explanation

The Japanese noun '本書 (ほんしょ)' refers to 'this book' or 'the present book'. It is often used in formal or written contexts to refer to the book being discussed or the book in question. For example: Please refer to this book for more details「詳細については本書をご参照ください」(しょうさいについてはほんしょをごさんしょうください). This book contains important information「本書には重要な情報が含まれています」(ほんしょにはじゅうようなじょうほうがふくまれています). The term is commonly used in academic, legal, or technical documents to specify the book being referenced.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2449

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Day after tomorrow

Reading

Kanji

明Bright 後After, Behind 日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '明々後日 (しあさって)' refers to 'the day after tomorrow'. This word is used to specify a day that is two days after the current day. It is a more formal or specific term compared to '明後日 (あさって)', which also means 'the day after tomorrow'. Example sentences include: I will visit you the day after tomorrow「明々後日にあなたを訪ねます」(しあさってにあなたをたずねます). The meeting is scheduled for the day after tomorrow「会議は明々後日に予定されています」(かいぎはしあさってによていされています).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2454

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Eating out

Reading

Kanji

外Outside 食Eat, Food

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '外食 (がいしょく)' refers to the act of eating out or dining outside the home, typically at restaurants, cafes, or other food establishments. It is commonly used to describe the practice of consuming meals prepared by others rather than cooking at home. For example: I often eat out「私はよく外食します」(わたしはよくがいしょくします). Eating out is convenient「外食は便利です」(がいしょくはべんりです). This term is often used in contexts discussing lifestyle, convenience, or dietary habits.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2462

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Combine, Team up

Reading

Kanji

組Association, Group

Explanation

The Japanese verb '組む (くむ)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to combine' or 'to assemble', often used when referring to putting together parts or pieces to form something. The second meaning is 'to team up' or 'to partner with someone', used in contexts where people collaborate or form a group. For example: Let's team up and work together「一緒に組んで仕事をしよう」(いっしょにくんでしごとをしよう). He assembled the furniture「彼は家具を組んだ」(かれはかぐをくんだ). The verb can also be used in various contexts, such as forming a team, creating a plan, or even intertwining objects.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2464

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bread

Reading

Kanji

食Eat, Food

Explanation

The Japanese noun '食パン (しょくぱん)' refers to a type of bread, specifically a loaf of white bread that is commonly eaten in Japan. It is often used for making toast or sandwiches. The term is derived from '食' meaning 'food' or 'eating' and 'パン' which is the Japanese word for 'bread', borrowed from Portuguese. Example sentences: I bought bread at the bakery「パン屋で食パンを買いました」(ぱんやでしょくぱんをかいました). This bread is very soft「この食パンはとても柔らかいです」(このしょくぱんはとてもやわらかいです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2465

Composition

kanji-katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Also

Reading

Kanji

同Same

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '同じく (おなじく)' means 'also' or 'likewise'. It is used to indicate that something is the same as what has just been mentioned, or to agree with a previous statement. This word is often used in formal or written contexts, and can be used to express agreement or similarity. For example: I also think so「私も同じくそう思います」(わたしもおなじくそうおもいます). He is also a student「彼も同じく学生です」(かれもおなじくがくせいです). Note that '同じく' can sometimes be used to mean 'similarly' or 'in the same way', but the core meaning remains 'also'.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2467

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Start saying

Reading

Kanji

言Say 出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese verb '言い出す (いいだす)' means 'to start saying' or 'to bring up (a topic)'. It is used when someone begins to say something, often something that might be unexpected, surprising, or difficult to say. This verb can also imply initiating a conversation or introducing a new topic. For example: He started saying something strange「彼は変なことを言い出した」(かれはへんなことをいいだした). She brought up the idea of moving「彼女は引っ越しの話を言い出した」(かのじょはひっこしのはなしをいいだした). The verb is often used in contexts where the speaker is hesitant or the topic is sensitive.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2470

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Loanword

Reading

Kanji

外Outside 来Come 語Language, Word

Explanation

The Japanese noun '外来語 (がいらいご)' refers to a 'loanword', which is a word adopted from a foreign language and incorporated into Japanese. These words are often written in katakana to distinguish them from native Japanese words or Sino-Japanese vocabulary. Loanwords are commonly derived from English, Portuguese, Dutch, and other languages, reflecting Japan's historical and cultural exchanges. For example: 'computer' is a loanword「コンピュータは外来語です」(コンピュータはがいらいごです). 'Bread' is also a loanword「パンは外来語です」(パンはがいらいごです). Loanwords are widely used in modern Japanese, especially in fields like technology, fashion, and food.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2471

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Draft

Reading

Kanji

下Down 書Write

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '下書き (したがき)' refers to a preliminary version of a written work, such as an essay, letter, or drawing. It is used to describe the initial sketch or outline before the final version is completed. For example: I wrote a draft of my essay「私はエッセイの下書きを書いた」(わたしはエッセイのしたがきをかいた). Please review this draft「この下書きを確認してください」(このしたがきをかくにんしてください). The term emphasizes the preparatory nature of the work, often implying that revisions or improvements will follow.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2474

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Postscript

Reading

Kanji

後After, Behind 書Write

Explanation

The Japanese noun '後書き (あとがき)' refers to a 'postscript' or 'afterword' in a written work. It is typically found at the end of books, essays, or letters, where the author provides additional comments, reflections, or acknowledgments. This section is often used to explain the context of the work, share personal thoughts, or thank contributors. For example: The author's postscript was very touching「著者の後書きはとても感動的でした」(ちょしゃのあとがきはとてもかんどうてきでした). I always read the postscript first「私はいつも後書きを先に読みます」(わたしはいつもあとがきをさきによみます). The term can also be used metaphorically to refer to a concluding remark or final note in any context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2476

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Match, Adjust

Reading

Kanji

合Fit, Match

Explanation

The Japanese verb '合わす (あわす)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to match' or 'to make something match', such as aligning two things in harmony. For example: I matched the colors「色を合わした」(いろをあわした). The second meaning is 'to adjust' or 'to adapt', such as modifying something to fit a situation. For example: He adjusted the schedule to fit everyone「彼はスケジュールを皆に合わした」(かれはスケジュールをみんなにあわした). This verb is often used in contexts where coordination or synchronization is required, and it can apply to both physical and abstract concepts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2482

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Working adult

Reading

Kanji

社Company 会Meet 人Person

Explanation

The Japanese noun '社会人 (しゃかいじん)' refers to a 'working adult' or someone who is part of society as a working member. It typically describes individuals who have graduated from school and are employed, distinguishing them from students or those not yet in the workforce. This term emphasizes the transition into societal responsibilities and professional life. Example sentences: He became a working adult last year「彼は去年社会人になりました」(かれはきょねんしゃかいじんになりました). As a working adult, I have to manage my time wisely「社会人として、時間をうまく管理しなければならない」(しゃかいじんとして、じかんをうまくかんりしなければならない).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2483

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Appearance, Participation

Reading

Kanji

出Exit 場Place

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '出場 (しゅつじょう)' refers to the act of participating or appearing in an event, competition, or performance. It is commonly used in contexts such as sports, contests, or public events. For example: He will participate in the marathon「彼はマラソンに出場する」(かれはマラソンにしゅつじょうする). She made her first appearance in the national competition「彼女は全国大会に初出場した」(かのじょはぜんこくたいかいにはつしゅつじょうした). The word emphasizes the act of being present or taking part in a formal or organized setting.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2497

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Daytime

Reading

Kanji

昼Daytime, Noon

Explanation

The Japanese noun '昼 (ひる)' refers to the period of the day when the sun is up, typically from morning until evening. It is often used to describe the time around noon or the afternoon. For example: I will go shopping during the daytime「昼に買い物に行きます」(ひるにかいものにいきます). Let's have lunch at noon「昼に昼ごはんを食べましょう」(ひるにひるごはんをたべましょう). The word can also be used in compound words, such as '昼休み (ひるやすみ)' which means 'lunch break' or 'midday break'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2502

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hometown

Reading

Kanji

地Ground 元Origin

Explanation

The Japanese noun '地元 (じもと)' refers to one's hometown or local area. It is commonly used to describe the place where someone was born, raised, or currently resides. This word carries a sense of familiarity and belonging. For example: I went back to my hometown「地元に帰りました」(じもとにかえりました). The local festival is fun「地元のお祭りは楽しい」(じもとのおまつりはたのしい). It can also refer to a local community or area in a broader sense, such as supporting local businesses「地元の店を応援する」(じもとのみせをおうえんする).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2505

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Traffic, Transportation

Reading

Kanji

交Mix 通Commute, Pass

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '交通 (こうつう)' primarily refers to 'traffic' or 'transportation'. It is used to describe the movement of vehicles, people, or goods from one place to another. This term is often used in contexts related to roads, public transport, and commuting. For example: The traffic is heavy today「今日は交通が混んでいる」(きょうはこうつうがこんでいる). Public transportation is convenient in this city「この街では交通が便利だ」(このまちではこうつうがべんりだ). The word can also be used in compound terms like '交通事故 (こうつうじこ)' (traffic accident) or '交通機関 (こうつうきかん)' (transportation system).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2507

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Avenue

Reading

Kanji

大Big 通Commute, Pass

Explanation

The Japanese noun '大通り (おおどおり)' refers to a main street or avenue, typically a wide and busy road in a city or town. It is commonly used to describe major thoroughfares that are central to transportation and commerce. For example: Let's meet at the main avenue「大通りで会いましょう」(おおどおりであいましょう). The main avenue is crowded with people「大通りは人でいっぱいです」(おおどおりはひとでいっぱいです). This term emphasizes the size and importance of the road, distinguishing it from smaller streets or alleys.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2508

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Calligraphy

Reading

Kanji

書Write 道Way

Explanation

The Japanese noun '書道 (しょどう)' refers to the art of calligraphy, which is the practice of writing characters with a brush and ink in a stylized and artistic manner. This traditional art form is highly respected in Japan and is often practiced as a form of meditation and self-discipline. Example sentences: I practice calligraphy every day「私は毎日書道を練習します」(わたしはまいにちしょどうをれんしゅうします). Calligraphy is a beautiful art「書道は美しい芸術です」(しょどうはうつくしいげいじゅつです). The teacher is skilled in calligraphy「先生は書道が上手です」(せんせいはしょどうがじょうずです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2510

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Immediately after

Reading

Kanji

直Straight, Repair 後After, Behind

Explanation

The Japanese noun '直後 (ちょくご)' means 'immediately after.' It refers to the period right after an event or action has occurred. This word is often used to describe the timing of an event in relation to another. Example: Immediately after the earthquake, there was a tsunami 「地震の直後、津波が来た」 (じしんのちょくご、つなみがきた). He called me immediately after the meeting 「会議の直後に彼は私に電話をかけた」 (かいぎのちょくごにかれはわたしにでんわをかけた). '直後' is commonly used in both written and spoken Japanese to indicate the immediate sequence of events.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2511

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vacant lot

Reading

Kanji

空Sky, Empty 地Ground

Explanation

The Japanese noun '空き地 (あきち)' refers to a 'vacant lot' or 'empty land'. This term is used to describe a piece of land that is not currently being used or developed. It can be found in urban or rural areas and may be overgrown or maintained, depending on the situation. For example: There is a vacant lot near the station「駅の近くに空き地がある」(えきのちかくにあきちがある). Children are playing in the vacant lot「子供たちが空き地で遊んでいる」(こどもたちがあきちであそんでいる). The word is often used in discussions about urban planning, real estate, or simply to describe an unused space in a neighborhood.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2514

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Signal

Reading

Kanji

合Fit, Match 図Map

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '合図 (あいず)' means 'signal'. It refers to a gesture, sound, or action used to communicate a message or instruction. This word is commonly used in situations where non-verbal communication is necessary, such as in sports, traffic, or coordination between people. For example: He gave the signal to start「彼は始める合図をした」(かれははじめるあいずをした). The traffic light is a signal for cars「信号は車のための合図です」(しんごうはくるまのためのあいずです). Note that '合図' can also imply a prearranged sign or cue, often used in collaborative or synchronized activities.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2519

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dead end

Reading

Kanji

行Go 止Stop

Explanation

The Japanese noun '行き止まり (いきどまり)' refers to a 'dead end', typically a road or path that does not continue further. It can also be used metaphorically to describe a situation where progress is blocked or no further options are available. For example: This road is a dead end「この道は行き止まりです」(このみちはいきどまりです). We've reached a dead end in our negotiations「交渉は行き止まりに達した」(こうしょうはいきどまりにたっした).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2520

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Excursion

Reading

Kanji

遠Far 足Foot, Sufficient

Explanation

The Japanese noun '遠足 (えんそく)' refers to a school trip or excursion, typically involving students going to a place of interest, such as a park, museum, or historical site. It is often organized by schools as a recreational or educational activity. For example: We went on an excursion to the zoo「私たちは動物園に遠足に行きました」(わたしたちはどうぶつえんにえんそくにいきました). The students enjoyed the excursion to the mountains「生徒たちは山への遠足を楽しみました」(せいとたちはやまへのえんそくをたのしみました). This word is commonly used in the context of school activities and is associated with group outings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2526

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Countries

Reading

Kanji

国Country

Explanation

The Japanese noun '国々 (くにぐに)' means 'countries'. This word is the plural form of '国 (くに)', which means 'country'. It is used to refer to multiple countries collectively. For example: Many countries participated in the event「多くの国々がイベントに参加した」(おおくのくにぐにがイベントにさんかした). The cultures of various countries are fascinating「さまざまな国々の文化は魅力的だ」(さまざまなくにぐにのぶんかはみりょくてきだ). Note that '国々' is often used in formal or literary contexts to emphasize the plurality of nations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2536

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Abroad

Reading

Kanji

国Country 外Outside

Explanation

The Japanese noun '国外 (こくがい)' means 'abroad' or 'outside the country'. It refers to any location or situation that is outside the borders of one's own country. This term is often used in contexts related to travel, immigration, or international affairs. For example: He went abroad「彼は国外に行った」(かれはこくがいにいった). The company expanded its business abroad「その会社は国外に事業を拡大した」(そのかいしゃはこくがいにじぎょうをかくだいした). Note that '国外' is a formal term and is commonly used in written or official contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2541

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Departure

Reading

Kanji

出Exit 国Country

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '出国 (しゅっこく)' means 'departure' in the context of leaving a country. It is commonly used in situations involving travel, immigration, or legal processes related to exiting a country. For example: His departure from Japan was sudden「彼の日本からの出国は突然だった」(かれのにほんからのしゅっこくはとつぜんだった). You must complete the departure procedures「出国手続きを完了しなければならない」(しゅっこくてつづきをかんりょうしなければならない). This term is often used in formal or official contexts, such as at airports or immigration offices.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2542

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Relations

Reading

Kanji

国Country 交Mix

Explanation

The Japanese noun '国交 (こっこう)' refers to diplomatic relations or official ties between countries. It is commonly used in contexts involving international politics, treaties, or agreements. For example: The two countries established diplomatic relations「両国は国交を樹立した」(りょうこくはこっこうをじゅりつした). The normalization of diplomatic relations between the two nations「両国の国交正常化」(りょうこくのこっこうせいじょうか). This term is often used in formal or political discussions and emphasizes the official nature of the relationship between nations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2543

Composition

kanji

Handwriting