言Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Kanji JLPT Level

word

Meaning

Factory

Reading

Kanji

場Place 工Construction

Explanation

The Japanese noun '工場 (こうじょう)' means 'factory'. It refers to a place where goods are manufactured or processed, often involving machinery and industrial operations. This word is commonly used in contexts related to industry, production, and manufacturing. For example: The factory is large「その工場は大きい」(そのこうじょうはおおきい). I work at a car factory「私は自動車工場で働いています」(わたしはじどうしゃこうじょうではたらいています). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe a place where something is produced or created in large quantities, such as 'a factory of ideas'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1237

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sister

Reading

Kanji

姉Older sister

Explanation

The Japanese noun '姉さん (ねえさん)' refers to an older sister. It is a respectful and affectionate term used to address or refer to one's own older sister or someone else's older sister. This term is commonly used in both formal and informal settings. For example: My sister is kind「私の姉さんは優しい」(わたしのねえさんはやさしい). Your sister is very beautiful「あなたの姉さんはとてもきれいです」(あなたのねえさんはとてもきれいです). It's important to note that '姉さん' can also be used to address older women in a respectful manner, similar to 'miss' or 'ma'am' in English, especially in service contexts like restaurants or shops.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1242

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Older brother

Reading

Kanji

兄Older brother

Explanation

The Japanese noun '兄さん (にいさん)' refers to an older brother. It is a respectful and affectionate term used to address or refer to one's own older brother or someone else's older brother. This term is commonly used in casual and familial settings. For example: My older brother is kind「私の兄さんは優しい」(わたしのにいさんはやさしい). Your older brother is tall「あなたの兄さんは背が高い」(あなたのにいさんはせがたかい). Note that '兄さん' is more casual and affectionate compared to the formal term '兄 (あに)', which is used in more formal contexts or when speaking about one's own older brother in a respectful manner.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1243

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tea

Reading

Kanji

茶Tea

Explanation

The Japanese noun '茶 (ちゃ)' refers to 'tea', a popular beverage made from steeping tea leaves in hot water. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation and can refer to various types of tea, such as green tea (緑茶, りょくちゃ) or black tea (紅茶, こうちゃ). Example sentences: I drink tea every morning「毎朝茶を飲みます」(まいあさちゃをのみます). This tea is delicious「この茶はおいしい」(このちゃはおいしい). The word can also be part of compound words, such as 'tea ceremony' (茶道, さどう).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1252

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Car

Reading

Kanji

自Self 車Car 動Move

Explanation

The Japanese noun '自動車 (じどうしゃ)' means 'car'. It refers to a motor vehicle with four wheels, typically powered by an internal combustion engine or an electric motor, and is used for transporting passengers. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation and formal contexts. For example: I bought a new car「新しい自動車を買いました」(あたらしいじどうしゃをかいました). The car is parked over there「自動車はあそこに止まっています」(じどうしゃはあそこにとまっています). The term is neutral and can refer to any type of car, from sedans to SUVs.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1258

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Self study

Reading

Kanji

習Learn 自Self

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '自習 (じしゅう)' means 'self-study'. It refers to the act of studying or learning something on one's own, without direct instruction or supervision from a teacher. This term is commonly used in educational contexts, such as schools or universities, where students are expected to engage in self-study outside of class. For example: I will do self-study at the library today「今日は図書館で自習します」(きょうはとしょかんでじしゅうします). The teacher told us to do self-study for the next chapter「先生は次の章を自習するように言いました」(せんせいはつぎのしょうをじしゅうするようにいいました). Note that '自習' is often used in the form '自習する (じしゅうする)', which functions as a verb meaning 'to self-study'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1261

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Spring

Reading

Kanji

春Spring

Explanation

The Japanese noun '春 (はる)' means 'spring', referring to the season between winter and summer. It is often associated with renewal, blooming flowers, and warmer weather. This word is commonly used in both everyday conversation and literature to evoke the imagery and feelings of spring. For example: Spring has arrived「春が来た」(はるがきた). I love spring because of the cherry blossoms「桜があるので春が大好きです」(さくらがあるのではるがだいすきです). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe a period of new beginnings or growth.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1271

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Gather

Reading

Kanji

集Gather

Explanation

The Japanese verb '集まる (あつまる)' means 'to gather' or 'to come together'. It is used to describe people, animals, or things coming together in one place. This verb is often used in contexts where a group of people or things assemble for a specific purpose or event. For example: Many people gathered at the park「たくさんの人が公園に集まった」(たくさんのひとがこうえんにあつまった). The birds gathered on the tree「鳥たちが木に集まった」(とりたちがきにあつまった). It can also be used metaphorically, such as when ideas or data come together. For instance: The data gathered here is very useful「ここに集まったデータはとても役に立つ」(ここにあつまったデータはとてもやくにたつ).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1273

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Population

Reading

Kanji

口Mouth 人Person

Explanation

The Japanese noun '人口 (じんこう)' means 'population'. It refers to the number of people living in a specific area, such as a city, country, or region. This word is commonly used in discussions about demographics, statistics, or social issues. For example: The population of Tokyo is large「東京の人口は多い」(とうきょうのじんこうはおおい). The population of this town is decreasing「この町の人口は減っている」(このまちのじんこうはへっている). It can also be used in compound words like '人口密度 (じんこうみつど)' (population density).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1287

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Express

Reading

Kanji

急Urgent 特Special

Explanation

The Japanese noun '特急 (とっきゅう)' refers to an 'express' train or service, typically one that makes fewer stops and travels faster than regular services. It is commonly used in the context of transportation, especially trains. For example: I took the express train to Osaka「特急で大阪に行きました」(とっきゅうでおおさかにいきました). The express train is faster than the local train「特急は各駅停車より速いです」(とっきゅうはかくえきていしゃよりはやいです). The term can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is done quickly or efficiently, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1288

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Way

Reading

Kanji

方Direction 仕Serve

Explanation

The Japanese noun '仕方 (しかた)' means 'way' or 'method'. It refers to the manner or approach in which something is done. This word is often used when discussing how to accomplish a task or solve a problem. For example: There is no other way「仕方がない」(しかたがない). This is the way to do it「これが仕方だ」(これがしかただ). It can also imply resignation or acceptance when used in phrases like '仕方がない (しかたがない)', which means 'it can't be helped' or 'there's no other way'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1290

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Make

Reading

Kanji

作Make

Explanation

The Japanese noun '作り (つくり)' refers to the act of making, creating, or constructing something. It can also denote the structure, build, or composition of an object. This word is often used in contexts related to craftsmanship, manufacturing, or the inherent design of something. For example: the make of this car is excellent「この車の作りは素晴らしい」(このくるまのつくりはすばらしい). The structure of this building is unique「この建物の作りは独特だ」(このたてもののつくりはどくとくだ). Additionally, '作り' can be used metaphorically to describe the nature or character of a person, as in '彼の作りは頑丈だ (かれのつくりはがんじょうだ) (His build is sturdy).'

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1296

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hospitalization

Reading

Kanji

入Enter 院Institution

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '入院 (にゅういん)' refers to the act of being admitted to a hospital for treatment or care. It is commonly used in contexts where someone is staying in a hospital due to illness, injury, or medical procedures. For example: He was hospitalized for a week「彼は一週間入院した」(かれはいっしゅうかんにゅういんした). My grandmother needs to be hospitalized「私の祖母は入院する必要がある」(わたしのそぼはにゅういんするひつようがある). This term is often used in medical or personal health-related conversations.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1307

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Graduate school

Reading

Kanji

大Big 学Learn 院Institution

Explanation

The Japanese noun '大学院 (だいがくいん)' refers to 'graduate school', which is an institution of higher education where students pursue advanced studies beyond a bachelor's degree. It is commonly used in academic contexts to describe programs for master's or doctoral degrees. Example sentences: I am studying at graduate school「私は大学院で勉強しています」(わたしはだいがくいんでべんきょうしています). She is applying to graduate school「彼女は大学院に応募しています」(かのじょはだいがくいんにおうぼしています). The term is often associated with research and specialized academic training.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1308

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Doctor (phd)

Reading

Kanji

者Someone 医Doctor

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'お医者さん (おいしゃさん)' means 'doctor'. It is a polite and respectful term used to refer to a medical doctor or physician. The prefix 'お' adds politeness, and 'さん' is an honorific suffix, making the term more formal and respectful. This term is commonly used in everyday conversation when referring to doctors. For example: I went to the doctor「お医者さんに行きました」(おいしゃさんにいきました). The doctor is kind「お医者さんは優しいです」(おいしゃさんはやさしいです). It is important to note that 'お医者さん' is more commonly used in spoken language, while '医者 (いしゃ)' is a more neutral term that can be used in both spoken and written contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1312

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Attention

Reading

Kanji

目Eye 注Pour

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '注目 (ちゅうもく)' means 'attention' or 'focus'. It is used to describe the act of paying attention to something or someone, often implying interest or importance. This word is commonly used in contexts where something noteworthy or significant is being highlighted. For example: The new policy is attracting attention「新しい政策が注目を集めている」(あたらしいせいさくがちゅうもくをあつめている). Please pay attention to this point「この点に注目してください」(このてんにちゅうもくしてください). It can also be used in phrases like '注目の的 (ちゅうもくのまと)', meaning 'the center of attention'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1338

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Order

Reading

Kanji

文Sentence 注Pour

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '注文 (ちゅうもん)' primarily means 'order' and is used in contexts such as ordering food at a restaurant, placing an order for goods, or requesting a service. It conveys the act of making a request or placing a demand for something. For example: I will order sushi「寿司を注文します」(すしをちゅうもんします). He placed an order for a new book「彼は新しい本を注文しました」(かれはあたらしいほんをちゅうもんしました). The word can also imply a specific request or customization, as in 'custom order' or 'special order'. It is commonly used in both casual and formal settings.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1339

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Attention

Reading

Kanji

意Idea 注Pour

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '注意 (ちゅうい)' primarily means 'attention'. It is used to indicate the act of paying attention or being cautious about something. This word is often used in contexts where one needs to be careful or alert, such as in warnings or instructions. For example: Pay attention to the road「道路に注意してください」(どうろにちゅういしてください). Be careful with the hot water「お湯に注意」(おゆにちゅうい). Additionally, '注意' can also be used in a more formal or serious context, such as in official warnings or notices. For instance: The teacher gave a warning about the upcoming test「先生はテストについて注意を与えた」(せんせいはテストについてちゅういをあたえた).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1344

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Preparation

Reading

Kanji

意Idea 用Use

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '用意 (ようい)' means 'preparation'. It refers to the act of preparing or getting something ready for a specific purpose or event. This word is commonly used in contexts where planning or readiness is required, such as preparing for a trip, a meal, or an event. For example: I finished my preparation for the trip「旅行の用意ができた」(りょこうのよういができた). Please prepare the documents「書類を用意してください」(しょるいをよういしてください). It can also imply a sense of readiness or having something at hand, as in '用意ができている (よういができている)' meaning 'to be prepared'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1346

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Gather, Collect

Reading

Kanji

集Gather

Explanation

The Japanese verb '集める (あつめる)' primarily means 'to gather' or 'to collect'. It is used when bringing things or people together in one place. For example: I gathered information「情報を集めた」(じょうほうをあつめた). She collects stamps「彼女は切手を集める」(かのじょはきってをあつめる). The verb can also be used in abstract contexts, such as gathering attention or collecting ideas. Note that the nuance of 'gather' often implies bringing scattered items together, while 'collect' implies a more deliberate accumulation of items over time.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1354

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Release

Reading

Kanji

公Public 開Open

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '公開 (こうかい)' primarily means 'release' or 'public disclosure'. It is commonly used in contexts where something is made available to the public, such as the release of a movie, the disclosure of information, or the opening of a facility to the public. For example: The movie will be released next week「その映画は来週公開されます」(そのえいがはらいしゅうこうかいされます). The government disclosed the data「政府はデータを公開した」(せいふはデータをこうかいした). Note that '公開' can also imply transparency or making something accessible to a wider audience.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1375

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bright, Cheerful

Reading

Kanji

明Bright

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '明るい (あかるい)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'bright', referring to something that emits or reflects a lot of light, such as a room or a light source. For example: The room is bright「部屋は明るい」(へやはあかるい). The second meaning is 'cheerful', describing a person's personality or mood as lively and optimistic. For example: She is cheerful「彼女は明るい」(かのじょはあかるい). These meanings are distinct but share a common theme of positivity and light. The word can also be used metaphorically to describe situations or atmospheres that are uplifting or optimistic.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1380

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Weight

Reading

Kanji

重Heavy

Explanation

The Japanese noun '重 (じゅう)' primarily means 'weight'. It is used to refer to the physical weight of an object or the heaviness of something. This term can also be used metaphorically to describe the weight or burden of responsibilities or emotions. For example: The weight of the box is heavy「箱の重は重い」(はこのじゅうはおもい). The weight of responsibility is heavy「責任の重は重い」(せきにんのじゅうはおもい). It's important to note that '重' can also be part of compound words, such as '体重 (たいじゅう)' meaning 'body weight'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1395

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Overseas

Reading

Kanji

海Sea 外Outside

Explanation

The Japanese noun '海外 (かいがい)' means 'overseas'. It refers to foreign countries or regions outside of Japan. This term is commonly used in contexts related to travel, business, education, or cultural exchange. For example: I want to travel overseas「海外へ旅行したい」(かいがいへりょこうしたい). He works for an overseas company「彼は海外の会社で働いている」(かれはかいがいのかいしゃではたらいている). The word can also be used in phrases like '海外旅行 (かいがいりょこう)' (overseas travel) or '海外留学 (かいがいりゅうがく)' (studying abroad).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1399

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Space

Reading

Kanji

空Sky, Empty 間Interval, Space

Explanation

The Japanese noun '空間 (くうかん)' primarily means 'space'. It refers to a physical or abstract area, such as an empty area, a room, or even a conceptual space. For example: there is not enough space in this room「この部屋には十分な空間がない」(このへやにはじゅうぶんなくうかんがない). The space between the two buildings is narrow「二つの建物の間の空間は狭い」(ふたつのたてもののあいだのくうかんはせまい). It can also refer to a mental or emotional space, such as 'personal space' or 'creative space'. For instance: I need some space to think「考えるための空間が必要だ」(かんがえるためのくうかんがひつようだ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1411

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Red

Reading

Kanji

赤Red

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '赤い (あかい)' means 'red'. It is used to describe objects, colors, or anything that has a red hue. This adjective is commonly used in everyday conversation and can describe both physical objects and abstract concepts. For example: the apple is red「そのリンゴは赤い」(そのリンゴはあかい). The sunset is red「夕日が赤い」(ゆうひがあかい). It can also be used metaphorically, such as in '赤い糸 (あかいいと)', which refers to the 'red thread of fate' connecting two people destined to meet. Note that '赤い' is the adjective form, while '赤 (あか)' is the noun form meaning 'red'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1416

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

World, Realm

Reading

Kanji

界World

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '界 (かい)' is used to denote a world, realm, or sphere, often referring to a specific domain or field of activity. It can be used in various contexts to describe different areas of interest or expertise. For example: the world of art「芸術界」(げいじゅつかい). the business world「ビジネス界」(ビジネスかい). This suffix is commonly attached to nouns to specify a particular area or community, such as '科学界 (かがくかい) (scientific community)' or '音楽界 (おんがくかい) (music world)'. It is important to note that '界' can also be used in a more abstract sense to describe a realm or domain, such as '精神界 (せいしんかい) (spiritual realm)'.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1419

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Question, Ask

Reading

Kanji

問Question, Problem

Explanation

The Japanese verb '問う (とう)' primarily means 'to ask' or 'to question'. It is used when someone is seeking information or clarification, often in a formal or serious context. This verb can also imply a deeper inquiry or examination, such as questioning the validity or truth of something. For example: The lawyer asked the witness「弁護士は証人に問うた」(べんごしはしょうにんにとうた). We must question the meaning of life「人生の意味を問わなければならない」(じんせいのいみをとうなければならない). Note that '問う' is more formal and less commonly used in casual conversation compared to '聞く (きく)', which also means 'to ask'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1449

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stop

Reading

Kanji

止Stop

Explanation

The Japanese verb '止まる (とまる)' means 'to stop'. It is used to describe the action of something ceasing movement or activity. This verb can be applied to various contexts, such as vehicles, people, or even natural phenomena. For example: the bus stopped「バスが止まった」(バスがとまった). The rain stopped「雨が止まった」(あめがとまった). Additionally, '止まる' can also imply a temporary pause, as in 'the clock stopped「時計が止まった」(とけいがとまった)'. It is important to note that '止まる' is an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1463

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Autumn

Reading

Kanji

秋Autumn

Explanation

The Japanese noun '秋 (あき)' means 'autumn' or 'fall'. It refers to the season between summer and winter, typically characterized by cooler weather and the changing colors of leaves. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation, poetry, and literature to evoke the imagery and feelings associated with autumn. For example: Autumn is the best season「秋が一番好きな季節です」(あきがいちばんすきなきせつです). The leaves turn red in autumn「秋には葉が赤くなります」(あきにははがあかくなります). In Japanese culture, autumn is also associated with harvest, moon viewing, and various seasonal foods.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1469

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Year, Fiscal

Reading

Kanji

年Year 度Degrees, Times

Explanation

The Japanese noun '年度 (ねんど)' refers to a specific period of one year, often used in the context of fiscal or academic years. It is commonly used in business, education, and government settings to denote a year that starts and ends at specific times, rather than the calendar year. For example: The fiscal year starts in April「年度は4月に始まります」(ねんどはしがつにはじまります). This academic year ends in March「この年度は3月に終わります」(このねんどはさんがつにおわります). The term is essential for understanding schedules, budgets, and planning in Japan.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1509

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Doctor (phd)

Reading

Kanji

者Someone 医Doctor

Explanation

The Japanese noun '医者 (いしゃ)' means 'doctor'. It refers to a medical professional who diagnoses and treats illnesses. This term is commonly used in everyday conversation and is neutral in tone. For example: I went to the doctor「医者に行きました」(いしゃにいきました). The doctor is kind「その医者は優しいです」(そのいしゃはやさしいです). Note that '医者' is often used interchangeably with '医師 (いし)', though '医師' is more formal and typically used in professional or legal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1512

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Answer

Reading

Kanji

答Answer

Explanation

The Japanese noun '答え (こたえ)' means 'answer'. It is used to refer to a response to a question, problem, or situation. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: What is the answer?「答えは何ですか？」(こたえはなんですか？). I know the answer「答えを知っています」(こたえをしっています). It can also be used metaphorically to describe a solution or resolution to a problem. For instance: The answer to this problem is simple「この問題の答えは簡単です」(このもんだいのこたえはかんたんです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1533

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Psychology

Reading

Kanji

心Heart 理Reason

Explanation

The Japanese noun '心理 (しんり)' refers to 'psychology' or the mental and emotional state of a person. It is often used in contexts related to understanding human behavior, thoughts, and feelings. For example: understanding the psychology of fear「恐怖の心理を理解する」(きょうふのしんりをりかいする). The psychology behind decision-making「意思決定の心理」(いしけっていのしんり). This term is commonly used in academic, professional, and everyday contexts to discuss mental processes and behaviors.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1549

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Measure, Plan

Reading

Kanji

図Map

Explanation

The Japanese verb '図る (はかる)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to plan' or 'to attempt', often used when someone is trying to achieve a specific goal or outcome. For example: He planned to improve the company's performance「彼は会社の業績を改善しようと図った」(かれはかいしゃのぎょうせきをかいぜんしようとはかった). The second meaning is 'to measure', typically used in contexts involving physical measurement or calculation. For example: She measured the length of the table「彼女はテーブルの長さを図った」(かのじょはテーブルのながさをはかった). These two meanings are unrelated, so they are listed separately. The verb is versatile and its meaning depends heavily on the context in which it is used.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1551

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Clothes

Reading

Kanji

服Obey, Clothing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '服 (ふく)' means 'clothes'. It refers to garments or clothing items worn on the body. This word is commonly used in everyday conversations when discussing attire, fashion, or dressing up. For example: I bought new clothes「新しい服を買いました」(あたらしいふくをかいました). She is wearing beautiful clothes「彼女はきれいな服を着ています」(かのじょはきれいなふくをきています). The word can also be used in compound words like '制服 (せいふく)' (uniform) or '洋服 (ようふく)' (Western-style clothing).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1556

Composition

kanji

Radical Form

𠬝

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Black

Reading

Kanji

黒Black

Explanation

The Japanese noun '黒 (くろ)' means 'black'. It refers to the color black and is commonly used to describe objects, clothing, or anything that is black in color. For example: the cat is black「その猫は黒です」(そのねこはくろです). I like black clothes「私は黒い服が好きです」(わたしはくろいふくがすきです). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something as being 'dark' or 'sinister' in a figurative sense, such as in '黒い噂 (くろいうわさ)' (dark rumors).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1561

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sing

Reading

Kanji

歌Song

Explanation

The Japanese verb '歌う (うたう)' means 'to sing'. It is used to describe the act of producing musical sounds with the voice, often in a structured and rhythmic manner. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as singing a song, performing in a concert, or even singing casually. For example: She sings beautifully「彼女は美しく歌う」(かのじょはうつくしくうたう). I will sing at the party「パーティーで歌う」(パーティーでうたう). The verb can also be used metaphorically to describe something that resembles singing, such as the sound of a bird. For example: The birds are singing in the morning「鳥が朝に歌っている」(とりがあさにうたっている).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1562

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Air

Reading

Kanji

空Sky, Empty 気Spirit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '空気 (くうき)' primarily means 'air', referring to the invisible gaseous substance surrounding the earth. It is commonly used in everyday conversation to talk about the atmosphere or the air in a specific place. Additionally, '空気' can also metaphorically refer to the mood or atmosphere of a situation or environment. For example: The air is fresh here「ここは空気が新鮮だ」(ここはくうきがしんせんだ). The atmosphere in the room was tense「部屋の空気が緊張していた」(へやのくうきがきんちょうしていた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1588

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Younger brother

Reading

Kanji

弟Younger brother

Explanation

The Japanese noun '弟 (おとうと)' means 'younger brother'. It specifically refers to a male sibling who is younger than the speaker. This term is commonly used in family contexts and is neutral in tone. For example: my younger brother is kind「私の弟は優しい」(わたしのおとうとはやさしい). I have a younger brother「私は弟がいます」(わたしはおとうとがいます). Note that '弟' is used only for younger brothers; older brothers are referred to as '兄 (あに)'. The term does not change based on the speaker's gender.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1593

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Note

Reading

Kanji

注Pour

Explanation

The Japanese noun '注 (ちゅう)' typically means 'note' or 'annotation'. It is often used in contexts where additional information or clarification is provided, such as in books, documents, or instructions. For example: please read the note at the bottom of the page「ページの下にある注を読んでください」(ぺーじのしたにあるちゅうをよんでください). The teacher added a note to the assignment「先生は課題に注を加えました」(せんせいはかだいにちゅうをくわえました). This word can also be used in compound words like '注釈 (ちゅうしゃく)' which means 'commentary' or 'footnote'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1604

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Matter, Substance

Reading

Kanji

質Quality 物Thing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '物質 (ぶっしつ)' refers to 'substance' or 'matter'. It is used to describe physical materials or the fundamental components that make up objects. This word is often used in scientific, philosophical, or everyday contexts to discuss the nature of physical entities. For example: This substance is dangerous「この物質は危険です」(このぶっしつはきけんです). Matter cannot be created or destroyed「物質は創造も破壊もできない」(ぶっしつはそうぞうもはかいもできない). The word can also be used in abstract contexts, such as discussing the 'substance' of an argument or idea.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1610

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Black

Reading

Kanji

黒Black

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '黒い (くろい)' means 'black'. It is used to describe something that is black in color. This adjective can be applied to objects, clothing, hair, and more. For example: the cat is black「その猫は黒い」(そのねこはくろい). She has black hair「彼女は黒い髪をしている」(かのじょはくろいかみをしている). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something as dark or sinister, though this usage is less common. For instance: his heart is black「彼の心は黒い」(かれのこころはくろい).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1623

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Borrow

Reading

Kanji

借Borrow, Rent

Explanation

The Japanese verb '借りる (かりる)' means 'to borrow'. It is used when someone temporarily takes something from another person with the intention of returning it later. This verb is commonly used in everyday situations, such as borrowing books, money, or items. For example: I borrowed a book from the library「図書館から本を借りた」(としょかんからほんをかりた). Can I borrow your pen?「あなたのペンを借りてもいいですか？」(あなたのペンをかりてもいいですか？). The verb '借りる' is often paired with the particle 'を' to indicate the object being borrowed. It is important to note that '借りる' implies a temporary action, and the item is expected to be returned.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1637

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hall

Reading

Kanji

堂Hall

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '堂 (どう)' is commonly used to denote a hall or building, often associated with a specific purpose or establishment. It is frequently seen in the names of shops, temples, or public buildings. For example: a bookstore「本堂」(ほんどう), a temple hall「寺院の堂」(じいんのどう). This suffix can also be used in names of establishments, such as a bakery「パン屋の堂」(ぱんやのどう). It is important to note that '堂' is often used in a respectful or formal context, adding a sense of dignity or importance to the place it describes.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1644

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Move

Reading

Kanji

動Move

Explanation

The Japanese verb '動かす (うごかす)' means 'to move' something physically or to cause something to change position. It can also be used metaphorically to describe influencing or changing a situation or someone's emotions. For example: I moved the chair「椅子を動かした」(いすをうごかした). The story moved my heart「その話は私の心を動かした」(そのはなしはわたしのこころをうごかした). This verb is transitive, meaning it requires a direct object to indicate what is being moved. It is commonly used in both literal and figurative contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1655

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rise up, Standup

Reading

Kanji

立Stand 上Up

Explanation

The Japanese verb '立ち上がる (たちあがる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to stand up', which refers to the physical action of moving from a sitting or lying position to a standing one. For example: he stood up from his chair「彼は椅子から立ち上がった」(かれはいすからたちあがった). The second meaning is 'to rise up', which can refer to taking action or standing up for a cause, often in a metaphorical sense. For example: the people rose up against injustice「人々は不正に対して立ち上がった」(ひとびとはふせいに対してたちあがった). This verb is commonly used in both literal and figurative contexts, and its meaning depends on the situation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1663

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Document

Reading

Kanji

文Sentence 書Write

Explanation

The Japanese noun '文書 (ぶんしょ)' refers to a written or printed document. It is commonly used to describe official papers, records, or any written material that conveys information. For example: Please submit the document「文書を提出してください」(ぶんしょをていしゅつしてください). This document is important「この文書は重要です」(このぶんしょはじゅうようです). The term can also refer to digital documents in modern contexts, such as PDFs or Word files. It is a formal term and is often used in professional or bureaucratic settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1679

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Red

Reading

Kanji

赤Red

Explanation

The Japanese noun '赤 (あか)' means 'red'. It refers to the color red and is commonly used to describe objects, emotions, or concepts associated with this color. For example: the apple is red「りんごは赤い」(りんごはあかい). The traffic light is red「信号は赤です」(しんごうはあかです). In some contexts, '赤' can also symbolize danger, passion, or importance, but its primary meaning remains the color red. Note that '赤い (あかい)' is the adjective form, while '赤 (あか)' is the noun form.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1683

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Meet, Encounter

Reading

Kanji

出Exit 会Meet

Explanation

The Japanese verb '出会う (であう)' means 'to meet' or 'to encounter'. It is used to describe the act of meeting someone or something, often by chance or unexpectedly. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as meeting a person, encountering a situation, or coming across an opportunity. For example: I met an old friend at the station「駅で昔の友達に出会った」(えきでむかしのともだちにであった). We encountered a difficult problem「難しい問題に出会った」(むずかしいもんだいにであった). The verb often implies a sense of serendipity or unexpectedness in the meeting or encounter.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1689

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Youth

Reading

Kanji

青Blue 年Year

Explanation

The Japanese noun '青年 (せいねん)' refers to a 'youth' or 'young man', typically in the age range of late teens to early thirties. It is often used to describe someone in the prime of their youth, emphasizing their energy, potential, and the transitional phase of life. This term carries a slightly formal tone and is commonly used in literature, news, or formal discussions. For example: The youth is full of dreams「青年は夢でいっぱいだ」(せいねんはゆめでいっぱいだ). He is a promising young man「彼は有望な青年だ」(かれはゆうぼうなせいねんだ). Note that '青年' is gender-neutral in meaning but is often associated with males in practice.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1690

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Commute

Reading

Kanji

通Commute, Pass

Explanation

The Japanese verb '通う (かよう)' means 'to commute' or 'to regularly go back and forth between two places'. It is commonly used to describe the act of traveling regularly, such as commuting to work, school, or a specific location. For example: I commute to school「学校に通う」(がっこうにかよう). She commutes to work by train「彼女は電車で仕事に通う」(かのじょはでんしゃでしごとにかよう). This verb implies a habitual or routine action, emphasizing the regularity of the movement. It can also be used metaphorically, such as in '血液が通う (けつえきがかよう)' meaning 'blood circulates'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1702

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Early rising

Reading

Kanji

起Wake up 早Early, Fast

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '早起き (はやおき)' means 'early rising' or 'getting up early'. It is used to describe the act of waking up early in the morning. This word is often associated with a positive habit or lifestyle choice. For example: I like early rising「私は早起きが好きです」(わたしははやおきがすきです). Early rising is good for health「早起きは健康に良い」(はやおきはけんこうにいい). The word can also be used in compound phrases, such as '早起きする (はやおきする)', which means 'to get up early'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1708

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Winter

Reading

Kanji

冬Winter

Explanation

The Japanese noun '冬 (ふゆ)' means 'winter'. It refers to the coldest season of the year, typically characterized by low temperatures, snow, and shorter days. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation, literature, and weather forecasts. For example: Winter is cold「冬は寒い」(ふゆはさむい). I like winter because of the snow「雪があるので冬が好きです」(ゆきがあるのでふゆがすきです). The word can also be used in compound words, such as '冬休み (ふゆやすみ)' (winter vacation) or '冬眠 (とうみん)' (hibernation).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1711

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bird

Reading

Kanji

鳥Bird

Explanation

The Japanese noun '鳥 (とり)' means 'bird'. This word refers to any bird, whether wild or domesticated. It is commonly used in everyday conversation and can be found in various contexts, such as describing animals, nature, or even in idiomatic expressions. For example: I saw a bird in the park「公園で鳥を見た」(こうえんでとりをみた). Birds are singing「鳥が鳴いている」(とりがないている). The word '鳥' can also be used metaphorically or in compound words, such as '鳥居 (とりい)' (Shinto shrine gate), which resembles a bird's perch.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1714

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Organism

Reading

Kanji

生Life 物Thing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '生物 (せいぶつ)' means 'organism'. It refers to any living being, such as animals, plants, or microorganisms. This word is often used in scientific or academic contexts to discuss living things. For example: There are many organisms in the ocean「海には多くの生物がいる」(うみにはおおくのせいぶつがいる). Studying organisms is fascinating「生物を勉強するのは面白い」(せいぶつをべんきょうするのはおもしろい). The word can also be used more broadly to refer to life or living creatures in general.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1732

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Girl

Reading

Kanji

少Few 女Woman

Explanation

The Japanese noun '少女 (しょうじょ)' means 'girl'. It specifically refers to a young girl, typically in the age range of around 7 to 18 years old. This term is often used in literature, media, and everyday conversation to describe a young female. For example: The girl is reading a book「少女は本を読んでいる」(しょうじょはほんをよんでいる). I saw a girl in the park「公園で少女を見た」(こうえんでしょうじょをみた). The word carries a nuance of youth and innocence, and it is distinct from other terms like '女の子 (おんなのこ)', which is a more general term for a girl or young woman.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1737

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Meat

Reading

Kanji

肉Meat

Explanation

The Japanese noun '肉 (にく)' primarily refers to 'meat', the flesh of animals used as food. It is commonly used in contexts related to cooking, eating, or discussing food. For example: I like meat「肉が好きです」(にくがすきです). This meat is delicious「この肉は美味しい」(このにくはおいしい). Additionally, '肉' can sometimes be used metaphorically to refer to the flesh or body in a more abstract sense, such as in the context of physicality or corporeality. For example: He has a strong body「彼は肉が強い」(かれはにくがつよい).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1745

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Writer

Reading

Kanji

家House 作Make

Explanation

The Japanese noun '作家 (さっか)' refers to a 'writer' or 'author', specifically someone who creates literary works such as novels, essays, or poetry. This term is often used to describe professional writers who are recognized for their creative contributions to literature. For example: She is a famous writer「彼女は有名な作家です」(かのじょはゆうめいなさっかです). The writer published a new novel「その作家は新しい小説を出版しました」(そのさっかはあたらしいしょうせつをしゅっぱんしました). The word can also be used more broadly to describe creators in other artistic fields, such as playwrights or screenwriters, but it primarily emphasizes literary creation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1785

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Arrive

Reading

Kanji

着Arrive, Wear

Explanation

The Japanese verb '着く (つく)' means 'to arrive'. It is used to indicate reaching a destination, whether it's a physical location or a metaphorical one. This verb is commonly used in everyday conversation and can be paired with various particles to specify the destination. For example: I arrived at the station「駅に着いた」(えきについた). The package arrived yesterday「荷物は昨日着いた」(にもつはきのうついた). It's important to note that '着く' is often used with the particle 'に' to indicate the destination, as in '駅に着く (えきにつく) (arrive at the station)'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1826

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Intention

Reading

Kanji

意Idea 思Think

Explanation

The Japanese noun '意思 (いし)' means 'intention' or 'will'. It refers to a person's conscious decision or desire to act in a certain way. This word is often used in formal or serious contexts, such as legal documents, discussions about personal decisions, or expressing one's determination. For example: He has no intention of quitting「彼は辞める意思はない」(かれはやめるいしはない). She expressed her intention to help「彼女は助ける意思を示した」(かのじょはたすけるいしをしめした). It's important to note that '意思' is more formal than other similar words like '気持ち (きもち)' or '考え (かんがえ)', and it specifically emphasizes the conscious aspect of decision-making.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1835

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Medicine

Reading

Kanji

医Doctor 学Learn

Explanation

The Japanese noun '医学 (いがく)' refers to the field or study of medicine. It encompasses the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases. This term is often used in academic or professional contexts, such as when discussing medical research, education, or careers. For example: She is studying medicine「彼女は医学を勉強しています」(かのじょはいがくをべんきょうしています). Advances in medicine have saved many lives「医学の進歩は多くの命を救った」(いがくのしんぽはおおくのいのちをすくった). The word can also appear in compound terms like '医学部 (いがくぶ)' (medical department) or '医学博士 (いがくはくし)' (Doctor of Medicine).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1843

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Siblings

Reading

Kanji

弟Younger brother 兄Older brother

Explanation

The Japanese noun '兄弟 (きょうだい)' refers to siblings, including both brothers and sisters. It is a gender-neutral term that can be used to describe a group of siblings or to refer to one's own brothers and sisters collectively. For example: I have three siblings「私には兄弟が三人います」(わたしにはきょうだいがさんにんいます). My siblings are kind「私の兄弟は優しいです」(わたしのきょうだいはやさしいです). Note that '兄弟' can also be used in a broader sense to refer to close friends or comrades, implying a bond similar to that of siblings, though this usage is less common and context-dependent.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1844

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Books

Reading

Kanji

書Write 図Map

Explanation

The Japanese noun '図書 (としょ)' refers to 'books'. It is a formal term often used in contexts like libraries or official documents. For example: The library has many books「図書館には図書がたくさんある」(としょかんにはとしょがたくさんある). Please return the books to the library「図書を図書館に返してください」(としょをとしょかんにかえしてください). This term is more formal than the everyday word '本 (ほん)', which also means 'books'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1848

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Word

Reading

Kanji

言Say 一One

Explanation

The Japanese noun '一言 (ひとこと)' literally means 'one word' or 'a single word'. It is often used to refer to a brief comment, remark, or statement. This word is commonly used when someone wants to emphasize the importance of a short but meaningful message. For example: Please let me say one word「一言言わせてください」(ひとこといわせてください). He left without a word「彼は一言も言わずに去った」(かれはひとこともいわずにさった). It can also be used in phrases like '一言で言うと (ひとことでいうと)' which means 'in a word' or 'to put it briefly'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1865

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

World, Society

Reading

Kanji

世World, Generation 間Interval, Space

Explanation

The Japanese noun '世間 (せけん)' refers to 'society' or 'the world' in a broad sense, often implying the social environment, public opinion, or the general community. It carries a nuance of the collective perspective or norms of people in society. For example: society is harsh「世間は厳しい」(せけんはきびしい). I don't care about what the world thinks「世間の目は気にしない」(せけんのめはきにしない). The word can also imply the boundaries of one's social circle or the realm of everyday life, as in: he is well-known in society「彼は世間に知られている」(かれはせけんにしられている).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1869

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Step

Reading

Kanji

歩Walk

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '歩 (ほ)' is used to indicate a unit of measurement for steps or walking distance. It is often used in contexts related to walking, such as counting steps or measuring distances in terms of steps. For example: I walked 10,000 steps today「今日は1万歩歩きました」(きょうはいちまんほあるきました). The park is about 500 steps away from here「公園はここから約500歩です」(こうえんはここからやくごひゃくほです). This suffix is commonly used in health and fitness contexts to track physical activity.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1873

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Generation

Reading

Kanji

世World, Generation 代Substitute, Era

Explanation

The Japanese noun '世代 (せだい)' refers to a 'generation', typically used to describe a group of people born and living around the same time. It can also refer to a stage in a sequence of technological or cultural developments. For example: the younger generation is very tech-savvy「若い世代はとてもテクノロジーに詳しい」(わかいせだいはとてもテクノロジーにくわしい). This product is popular among the older generation「この商品は年配の世代に人気です」(このしょうひんはねんぱいのせだいににんきです). The word is often used in discussions about societal trends, family lineage, or technological advancements.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1885

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Underground, Basement

Reading

Kanji

地Ground 下Down

Explanation

The Japanese noun '地下 (ちか)' can mean either 'basement' or 'underground', depending on the context. When referring to a building, it typically means 'basement', as in the lower level of a structure. For example: the restaurant is in the basement「レストランは地下にある」(れすとらんはちかにある). When used in a broader sense, it can refer to anything underground, such as subway systems or underground facilities. For example: the train runs underground「電車は地下を走る」(でんしゃはちかをはしる). The word is versatile and context-dependent, so it's important to consider the surrounding text to determine the exact meaning.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1889

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Leave

Reading

Kanji

去Past

Explanation

The Japanese verb '去る (さる)' means 'to leave' or 'to depart'. It is often used to describe someone or something moving away from a place or situation. This verb can also imply a sense of finality or separation. For example: he left the room「彼は部屋を去った」(かれはへやをさった). The train has departed「電車は去った」(でんしゃはさった). In some contexts, '去る' can also be used metaphorically to describe the passage of time or the end of an era, such as 'the old year has passed「旧年が去った」(きゅうねんがさった)'. Note that this verb is somewhat formal and is often used in written or formal spoken contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1919

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Church

Reading

Kanji

教Teach 会Meet

Explanation

The Japanese noun '教会 (きょうかい)' means 'church'. It refers to a place of worship for Christians, where religious services and ceremonies are held. This word is commonly used to describe both the physical building and the institution itself. For example: I went to the church「教会に行きました」(きょうかいにいきました). The church is beautiful「その教会は美しい」(そのきょうかいはうつくしい). It can also be used metaphorically to describe a community or congregation, as in '教会のメンバー (きょうかいのメンバー) (church members)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1935

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Younger sister

Reading

Kanji

妹Younger sister

Explanation

The Japanese noun '妹 (いもうと)' specifically refers to a younger sister. It is used to describe a female sibling who is younger than the speaker. This term is commonly used in family contexts and is gender-specific. For example: my younger sister is kind「私の妹は優しい」(わたしのいもうとはやさしい). I have a younger sister「私は妹がいます」(わたしはいもうとがいます). Note that '妹' is only used for younger sisters; for older sisters, the term '姉 (あね)' is used.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1948

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Finish

Reading

Kanji

終End

Explanation

The Japanese verb '終える (おえる)' means 'to finish' or 'to complete'. It is used to indicate the completion of an action, task, or event. This verb is often used in contexts where something has been brought to an end, such as finishing work, a meal, or a project. For example: I finished my homework「宿題を終えた」(しゅくだいをおえた). She finished the meeting「彼女は会議を終えた」(かのじょはかいぎをおえた). Note that '終える' is a transitive verb, meaning it requires a direct object to indicate what is being finished. It is distinct from '終わる (おわる)', which is an intransitive verb meaning 'to end' or 'to be over'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1967

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bill, Accounting

Reading

Kanji

計Measure, Plan 会Meet

Explanation

The Japanese noun '会計 (かいけい)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'accounting', which refers to the systematic recording, reporting, and analysis of financial transactions. For example: I work in accounting「私は会計の仕事をしています」(わたしはかいけいのしごとをしています). The second meaning is 'bill', referring to the amount of money owed for goods or services, especially in a restaurant or store. For example: Can I have the bill, please?「会計をお願いします」(かいけいをおねがいします). The context usually makes it clear which meaning is intended.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1976

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Industry

Reading

Kanji

業Business 工Construction

Explanation

The Japanese noun '工業 (こうぎょう)' refers to 'industry', specifically the sector involved in the production of goods using machinery and factories. It is often used in contexts discussing manufacturing, technology, and economic activities. For example: Japan is known for its advanced industry「日本は先進的な工業で知られている」(にほんはせんしんてきなこうぎょうでしられている). The city developed rapidly due to its thriving industry「その都市は繁栄する工業のおかげで急速に発展した」(そのとしははんえいするこうぎょうのおかげできゅうそくにはってんした). This term is distinct from '農業 (のうぎょう)' (agriculture) and '商業 (しょうぎょう)' (commerce), which refer to other sectors of the economy.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1978

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

After, Hereafter

Reading

Kanji

以By means of 後After, Behind

Explanation

The Japanese noun '以後 (いご)' refers to a period of time starting from a specific point and continuing into the future. It is often used to indicate 'after' a particular event or time, or to mean 'hereafter' in a formal context. For example: After this incident, things changed「この事件以後、状況が変わった」(このじけんいご、じょうきょうがかわった). From now on, we will follow the new rules「以後、新しいルールに従います」(いご、あたらしいルールにしたがいます). The word is commonly used in both written and spoken Japanese, particularly in formal or official contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2010

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Collection

Reading

Kanji

集Gather

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '集 (しゅう)' means 'collection'. It is commonly attached to nouns to indicate a gathering or compilation of items, works, or people. For example, a book of poems can be called '詩集 (ししゅう)', meaning 'poetry collection'. Similarly, '写真集 (しゃしんしゅう)' refers to a 'photo collection' or 'photo album'. This suffix is often used in titles of books, albums, or other compilations. Example sentences: This is a collection of famous paintings「これは有名な絵画の集です」(これはゆうめいなかいがのしゅうです). I bought a new music collection「新しい音楽集を買いました」(あたらしいおんがくしゅうをかいました).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2017

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

World

Reading

Kanji

中Center 世World, Generation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '世の中 (よのなか)' refers to the world or society at large. It encompasses the social environment, the way things are in the world, or the general state of affairs. This term is often used to discuss societal norms, trends, or the overall condition of the world. For example: The world is changing rapidly「世の中は急速に変わっている」(よのなかはきゅうそくにかわっている). It's tough to live in this world「この世の中に生きるのは大変だ」(このよのなかにいきるのはたいへんだ). The phrase can also imply the complexities and challenges of navigating through life and society.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2040

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Various

Reading

Kanji

色Color

Explanation

The Japanese determiner '色んな (いろんな)' is a colloquial form of '色々な (いろいろな)', meaning 'various' or 'all sorts of'. It is used to describe a wide range of things or situations, often implying diversity or variety. This word is commonly used in casual conversations. For example: I have various books「色んな本を持っている」(いろんなほんをもっている). She has various hobbies「彼女は色んな趣味がある」(かのじょはいろんなしゅみがある). Note that '色んな' is less formal than '色々な' and is typically used in spoken language.

Part Of Speech

determiner

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2065

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Civilization

Reading

Kanji

文Sentence 明Bright

Explanation

The Japanese noun '文明 (ぶんめい)' refers to 'civilization', encompassing the advanced state of human society, marked by developments in culture, science, industry, and government. It is often used to discuss historical or global contexts, such as the rise and fall of civilizations or comparisons between different cultures. Example sentences include: Ancient civilizations were fascinating「古代文明は魅力的だった」(こだいぶんめいはみりょくてきだった). Modern civilization depends on technology「現代文明は技術に依存している」(げんだいぶんめいはぎじゅつにいぞんしている). The word can also imply progress or advancement, as in '文明の進歩 (ぶんめいのしんぽ)' (progress of civilization).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2067

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Topic

Reading

Kanji

話Talk 題Topic

Explanation

The Japanese noun '話題 (わだい)' means 'topic'. It refers to a subject of conversation or discussion. This word is commonly used in both casual and formal contexts to indicate what people are talking about. For example: That's an interesting topic「それは面白い話題だ」(それはおもしろいわだいだ). Let's change the topic「話題を変えましょう」(わだいをかえましょう). The word can also be used to describe trending or popular subjects, such as in '最近の話題 (さいきんのわだい) (recent topic/trending topic)'. It is a versatile term that can apply to any subject matter being discussed.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2071

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

So to speak

Reading

Kanji

言Say

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '言わば (いわば)' is used to introduce a metaphor, analogy, or figurative expression to describe something. It can be translated as 'so to speak', 'as it were', or 'in a manner of speaking'. This word is often used to make abstract or complex ideas more relatable by comparing them to something familiar. For example: He is, so to speak, the brain of the team「彼は言わばチームの頭脳だ」(かれはいわばチームのずのうだ). This place is, as it were, a paradise on earth「この場所は言わば地上の楽園だ」(このばしょはいわばちじょうのらくえんだ). Note that '言わば' is typically used in written or formal contexts rather than casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2079

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hurry

Reading

Kanji

急Urgent

Explanation

The Japanese verb '急ぐ (いそぐ)' means 'to hurry' or 'to rush'. It is used when someone is in a hurry to do something or needs to move quickly. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as rushing to catch a train, hurrying to finish a task, or moving quickly to a destination. For example: I have to hurry to the station「駅に急がないといけない」(えきにいそがないといけない). She hurried to finish her homework「彼女は宿題を急いで終わらせた」(かのじょはしゅくだいをいそいでおわらせた). The verb can also be used in its negative form to indicate not being in a hurry, such as '急がない (いそがない)' meaning 'not in a hurry'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2105

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Possess

Reading

Kanji

有Exist

Explanation

The Japanese verb '有する (ゆうする)' means 'to possess' or 'to have'. It is a formal or literary term often used in written language or formal speech. This verb is typically used to indicate ownership, possession, or the existence of something abstract, such as rights, qualities, or characteristics. For example: He possesses great talent「彼は才能を有する」(かれはさいのうをゆうする). This country has abundant natural resources「この国は豊かな天然資源を有する」(このくにはゆたかなてんねんしげんをゆうする). Note that '有する' is more formal than the common verb '持つ (もつ)', which also means 'to have' or 'to hold'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2115

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Watch, Clock

Reading

Kanji

計Measure, Plan 時Time, Hour

Explanation

The Japanese noun '時計 (とけい)' refers to devices that measure and indicate time. It can mean both 'clock' (a device typically found on walls or desks) and 'watch' (a portable timepiece worn on the wrist). This word is commonly used in everyday contexts to refer to timekeeping devices. For example: The clock is on the wall「時計は壁にあります」(とけいはかべにあります). I bought a new watch「新しい時計を買いました」(あたらしいとけいをかいました). The context usually clarifies whether it refers to a clock or a watch, but both meanings are widely understood.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2117

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unexpected

Reading

Kanji

意Idea 外Outside

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '意外 (いがい)' means 'unexpected'. It is used to describe situations, events, or outcomes that are surprising or contrary to what one might anticipate. This word often carries a nuance of something being unexpectedly good, bad, or simply different from what was assumed. For example: The test was unexpectedly easy「テストは意外に簡単だった」(テストはいがいにかんたんだった). Her reaction was unexpected「彼女の反応は意外だった」(かのじょのはんのうはいがいだった). It can also be used in phrases like '意外と (いがいと)', which emphasizes the surprising nature of something, as in '意外と面白い (いがいとおもしろい) (unexpectedly interesting)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2120

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Part, Separate

Reading

Kanji

別Separate

Explanation

The Japanese verb '別れる (わかれる)' primarily means 'to part' or 'to separate'. It is often used to describe the act of parting ways with someone, such as in a relationship, friendship, or even physically separating from a group. This verb can carry emotional weight, especially when used in the context of romantic relationships. For example: They decided to part ways「彼らは別れることに決めた」(かれらはわかれることにきめた). I had to separate from my friends at the station「駅で友達と別れなければならなかった」(えきでともだちとわかれなければならなかった). Note that this verb is distinct from '分かれる (わかれる)', which means 'to divide' or 'to split' in a more neutral or physical sense.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2125

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Evil

Reading

Kanji

悪Evil

Explanation

The Japanese noun '悪 (あく)' means 'evil'. It refers to something morally wrong, harmful, or malevolent. This word is often used in contexts involving morality, ethics, or negative actions. For example: He is the embodiment of evil「彼は悪の化身だ」(かれはあくのけしんだ). The evil in his heart was clear「彼の心の悪は明らかだった」(かれのこころのあくはあきらかだった). It can also be used in compounds like '悪意 (あくい)' (malice) or '悪魔 (あくま)' (devil). Note that '悪' can also be read as 'わる' in other contexts, but here it specifically refers to the concept of evil as a noun.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2185

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Spread, Expand

Reading

Kanji

広Wide

Explanation

The Japanese verb '広げる (ひろげる)' primarily means 'to spread' or 'to expand'. It is used to describe the action of making something wider, broader, or more extensive. This can refer to physical objects, such as spreading out a map or expanding a business. For example: She spread the map on the table「彼女はテーブルに地図を広げた」(かのじょはテーブルにちずをひろげた). The company is expanding its operations「その会社は事業を広げている」(そのかいしゃはじぎょうをひろげている). The verb can also be used metaphorically, such as expanding one's horizons or spreading ideas. Note that '広げる' is a transitive verb, meaning it requires a direct object to complete its meaning.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2193

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Doctor (phd)

Reading

Kanji

医Doctor

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '医 (い)' means 'doctor' and is used to refer to medical professionals. It is commonly attached to other words to form terms related to medicine or medical practice. For example: a hospital doctor「病院の医者」(びょういんのいしゃ). A medical student「医学生」(いがくせい). This suffix is often seen in compound words and is a key component in many medical-related terms. It's important to note that '医' by itself is not typically used as a standalone word but rather as part of a larger term.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2197

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ancient, Antiquity

Reading

Kanji

古Old 代Substitute, Era

Explanation

The Japanese noun '古代 (こだい)' refers to ancient times or antiquity. It is often used to describe historical periods, particularly those in the distant past, such as ancient civilizations or eras. This term is commonly used in historical, archaeological, or cultural contexts. For example: I am studying ancient history「私は古代史を勉強しています」(わたしはこだいしをべんきょうしています). This artifact is from antiquity「この遺物は古代のものです」(このいぶつはこだいのものです). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something as being from a bygone era, such as 'ancient traditions' (古代の伝統, こだいのでんとう).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2203

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Complete, Splendid

Reading

Kanji

見See 事Thing

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '見事 (みごと)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'splendid' or 'magnificent', often used to describe something that is impressively beautiful or well-executed. For example: The fireworks were splendid「花火は見事だった」(はなびはみごとだった). The second meaning is 'complete' or 'thorough', often used to describe something that is done fully or perfectly. For example: He failed completely「彼は見事に失敗した」(かれはみごとにしっぱいした). The word can also carry a nuance of admiration or awe, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2225

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

End

Reading

Kanji

終End

Explanation

The Japanese noun '終わり (おわり)' means 'end'. It refers to the conclusion or final part of something, such as an event, story, or period. It can be used in various contexts, from everyday conversations to formal writing. For example: the end of the movie「映画の終わり」(えいがのおわり). The end of the year「年の終わり」(としのおわり). It can also be used metaphorically, as in 'the end of an era'「時代の終わり」(じだいのおわり). Note that '終わり' is often used in contrast to '始まり (はじまり)' (beginning).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2238

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Subject

Reading

Kanji

主Master 体Body

Explanation

The Japanese noun '主体 (しゅたい)' primarily means 'subject'. It refers to the main entity or the central figure in a context, often used in philosophical, grammatical, or organizational discussions. In grammar, it denotes the subject of a sentence. In a broader sense, it can refer to the main body or core part of an organization or movement. Example sentences include: The subject of the sentence is clear「文の主体は明確です」(ぶんのしゅたいはめいかくです). The organization's main body decided to change the policy「組織の主体が方針を変えることに決めた」(そしきのしゅたいがほうしんをかえることにきめた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2242

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fee

Reading

Kanji

料Materials, Fee 金Gold

Explanation

The Japanese noun '料金 (りょうきん)' refers to a fee or charge for a service or product. It is commonly used in contexts such as transportation, utilities, or services. For example: The train fee is expensive「電車の料金は高いです」(でんしゃのりょうきんはたかいです). Please pay the parking fee「駐車料金を払ってください」(ちゅうしゃりょうきんをはらってください). This word is neutral in tone and can be used in both formal and informal settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2243

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Western

Reading

Kanji

洋Ocean, Western style

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '洋 (よう)' means 'western' and is often used to denote something related to the West or Western culture. It is commonly attached to nouns to form compound words. For example: Western food「洋食」(ようしょく), Western-style room「洋室」(ようしつ), and Western clothing「洋服」(ようふく). This suffix is particularly useful when distinguishing between traditional Japanese items and their Western counterparts. Another example: Western music「洋楽」(ようがく). Note that '洋' can also refer to the ocean in other contexts, but as a suffix, it predominantly conveys the meaning of 'western'.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2263

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Repeat, Pile

Reading

Kanji

重Heavy

Explanation

The Japanese verb '重ねる (かさねる)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'to pile' or 'to stack', referring to placing one object on top of another. For example: She piled the books on the table「彼女は本をテーブルに重ねた」(かのじょはほんをテーブルにかさねた). The second meaning is 'to repeat' or 'to do something repeatedly', often implying accumulation or layering of actions. For example: He repeated his mistakes「彼は失敗を重ねた」(かれはしっぱいをかさねた). The verb can also be used metaphorically, such as in '重ねる経験 (かさねるけいけん)', meaning 'accumulated experience'. This dual meaning makes the verb versatile in both literal and figurative contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2265

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Suffice

Reading

Kanji

足Foot, Sufficient

Explanation

The Japanese verb '足りる (たりる)' means 'to suffice' or 'to be enough'. It is used to indicate that something meets the necessary amount or requirement. This verb is often used in contexts where adequacy or sufficiency is being discussed, such as in financial, time, or resource-related situations. For example: The money is enough「お金が足りる」(おかねがたりる). Is the time sufficient?「時間は足りるか？」(じかんはたりるか？). It can also be used in negative forms to indicate insufficiency, as in 'The ingredients are not enough「材料が足りない」(ざいりょうがたりない)'. The verb is versatile and can be applied to both concrete and abstract contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2267

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Morning sun

Reading

Kanji

朝Morning 日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '朝日 (あさひ)' refers to the 'morning sun'. It is commonly used to describe the sun as it rises in the morning, often evoking a sense of freshness, hope, or beauty. This word is frequently used in poetry, literature, and everyday conversation to describe the early sunlight. For example: The morning sun is beautiful「朝日がきれいだ」(あさひがきれいだ). I woke up to the morning sun「朝日で目が覚めた」(あさひでめがさめた). The word can also be used metaphorically to symbolize new beginnings or optimism.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2279

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

High, Advanced

Reading

Kanji

高High, Expensive 度Degrees, Times

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '高度 (こうど)' can mean 'high' or 'advanced'. When used to mean 'high', it often refers to altitude or elevation, such as in the context of aviation or geography. For example: The plane is flying at a high altitude「飛行機は高度を飛んでいる」(ひこうきはこうどをとんでいる). When used to mean 'advanced', it typically refers to a high level of skill, technology, or complexity. For example: This is an advanced technique「これは高度な技術です」(これはこうどなぎじゅつです). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe abstract concepts, such as '高度な問題 (こうどなもんだい)' (a complex problem).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2297

Composition

kanji

Handwriting