言Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Kanji JLPT Level

word

Meaning

Spite

Reading

Kanji

意Idea 地Ground 悪Evil

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '意地悪 (いじわる)' refers to a spiteful or mean-spirited action or behavior. It is often used to describe someone who intentionally does something to annoy, upset, or harm others. For example: He did it out of spite「彼は意地悪でそれをした」(かれはいじわるでそれをした). Don't be mean to others「他人に意地悪をしないで」(たにんにいじわるをしないで). The term can also describe a person who is habitually spiteful, as in '意地悪な人 (いじわるなひと) (a spiteful person)'. It is important to note that '意地悪' carries a negative connotation and is used to criticize such behavior.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3396

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Front, Major

Reading

Kanji

大Big 手Hand

Explanation

The Japanese noun '大手 (おおて)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning refers to something that is major or large-scale, often used in the context of companies or organizations. For example: a major company「大手の会社」(おおてのかいしゃ). The second meaning refers to the front or main entrance of a castle or large building. For example: the front gate of the castle「城の大手門」(しろのおおてもん). It's important to note that the context in which '大手' is used will determine which meaning is intended. In business contexts, it almost always refers to something major or large-scale, while in historical or architectural contexts, it refers to the front or main entrance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3406

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Memory

Reading

Kanji

出Exit 思Think

Explanation

The Japanese noun '思い出 (おもいで)' means 'memory' or 'recollection'. It refers to something remembered from the past, often with a sense of nostalgia or emotional significance. This word is commonly used to describe cherished or meaningful memories. For example: This photo brings back memories「この写真は思い出を呼び起こす」(このしゃしんはおもいでをよびおこす). I have many fond memories of my childhood「私は子供時代の思い出がたくさんある」(わたしはこどもじだいのおもいでがたくさんある). The word can also be used in phrases like '思い出話 (おもいでばなし)' (a story about memories) or '思い出の場所 (おもいでのばしょ)' (a place full of memories).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3410

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Term

Reading

Kanji

用Use 語Language, Word

Explanation

The Japanese noun '用語 (ようご)' refers to a 'term' or 'word' used in a specific context, field, or discipline. It is often used to describe specialized vocabulary or jargon. For example: This term is used in medicine「この用語は医学で使われます」(このようごはいがくでつかわれます). Please explain the meaning of this term「この用語の意味を説明してください」(このようごのいみをせつめいしてください). The word can also imply the proper or formal usage of language in a particular setting.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3431

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

People

Reading

Kanji

方Direction

Explanation

The Japanese noun '方々 (かたがた)' is a polite and respectful way to refer to people, often used in formal or respectful contexts. It is a plural form of '方 (かた)', which is a polite way to refer to an individual. This term is commonly used in speeches, letters, or formal settings to address a group of people respectfully. For example: I would like to thank all the people who attended「ご来場の方々に感謝申し上げます」(ごらいじょうのかたがたにかんしゃもうしあげます). The people gathered here are all very kind「ここに集まった方々は皆とても親切です」(ここにあつまったかたがたはみなとてもしんせつです). Note that '方々' is more formal than '人々 (ひとびと)' and is often used to show respect or deference.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3437

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exercise

Reading

Kanji

行Go 使Use

Explanation

The Japanese noun '行使 (こうし)' means 'exercise' in the sense of using or applying something, such as authority, rights, or power. It is often used in formal or legal contexts. For example: The government exercised its authority「政府は権力を行使した」(せいふはけんりょくをこうしした). He exercised his right to vote「彼は投票権を行使した」(かれはとうひょうけんをこうしした). This word is commonly used in discussions about legal rights, political power, or decision-making processes.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3440

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Luck

Reading

Kanji

運Fortune

Explanation

The Japanese noun '運 (うん)' means 'luck' or 'fortune'. It refers to the concept of chance or fate that influences events in one's life. This word is often used in contexts related to good or bad fortune, such as in games, life events, or outcomes. For example: I have good luck today「今日は運がいい」(きょうはうんがいい). It's all about luck「それは運次第だ」(それはうんしだいだ). The word can also be used in compound words like '運命 (うんめい)' (fate/destiny) or '運転 (うんてん)' (driving), but in isolation, it primarily conveys the idea of luck.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3457

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cow, Ox

Reading

Kanji

牛Cow

Explanation

The Japanese noun '牛 (うし)' refers to cattle, specifically cows or oxen. It is commonly used to describe the animal itself, whether in a domestic or wild context. The word can also be used metaphorically or in idiomatic expressions. For example: The cow is grazing in the field「牛が野原で草を食べている」(うしがのはらでくさをたべている). We saw an ox at the farm「農場で牛を見た」(のうじょうでうしをみた). The term can also appear in compound words, such as '牛肉 (ぎゅうにく)' meaning 'beef'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3461

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Noon

Reading

Kanji

午Noon 正Correct

Explanation

The Japanese noun '正午 (しょうご)' means 'noon'. It refers specifically to 12:00 PM, the middle of the day when the sun is at its highest point. This word is commonly used in formal or precise contexts, such as schedules, announcements, or official documents. For example: The meeting is at noon「会議は正午です」(かいぎはしょうごです). The train departs at noon「電車は正午に出発します」(でんしゃはしょうごにしゅっぱつします). Note that '正午' is more formal than the casual term 'お昼 (おひる)', which can also mean 'noon' but is often used more broadly to refer to the daytime or lunchtime.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3512

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Physics

Reading

Kanji

物Thing 理Reason

Explanation

The Japanese noun '物理 (ぶつり)' refers to the field of 'physics', the natural science that studies matter, energy, and their interactions. It is commonly used in academic and scientific contexts. For example: I study physics at university「私は大学で物理を勉強しています」(わたしはだいがくでぶつりをべんきょうしています). Physics is a difficult subject「物理は難しい科目です」(ぶつりはむずかしいかもくです). The word can also appear in compound terms, such as '物理学者 (ぶつりがくしゃ)' (physicist) or '物理現象 (ぶつりげんしょう)' (physical phenomenon).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3575

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Director

Reading

Kanji

事Thing 理Reason

Explanation

The Japanese noun '理事 (りじ)' refers to a 'director' or 'executive' in an organization, company, or institution. This term is commonly used in the context of corporate or organizational governance, where a '理事' is a member of a board or a managing body responsible for decision-making and oversight. For example: He is a director of the company「彼は会社の理事です」(かれはかいしゃのりじです). The board of directors held a meeting「理事会が会議を開きました」(りじかいがかいぎをひらきました). The term can also be used in non-profit organizations, schools, or other institutions where a governing body exists.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3576

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Advance, Prior

Reading

Kanji

前Before, Front 事Thing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '事前 (じぜん)' refers to something that is done or prepared beforehand, in advance, or prior to an event. It is often used in contexts where preparation or planning is emphasized. For example: Please inform us in advance「事前に知らせてください」(じぜんにしらせてください). We need prior approval「事前の承認が必要です」(じぜんのしょうにんがひつようです). The word can also be used to describe actions or arrangements made before a specific event or deadline. It is commonly used in formal or professional settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3593

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tournament

Reading

Kanji

大Big 会Meet

Explanation

The Japanese noun '大会 (たいかい)' refers to a large-scale event or competition, often used in the context of sports, games, or other competitive activities. It can also refer to a conference or convention, but this usage is less common. For example: I participated in the tennis tournament「テニスの大会に参加しました」(てにすのたいかいにさんかしました). The annual conference was held in Tokyo「年次大会は東京で開催されました」(ねんじたいかいはとうきょうでかいさいされました). The word is often used in combination with the name of the activity, such as 'テニス大会 (てにすたいかい) (tennis tournament)' or '将棋大会 (しょうぎたいかい) (shogi tournament)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3607

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Kanji

Reading

Kanji

漢China 字Character

Explanation

The Japanese noun '漢字 (かんじ)' refers to 'kanji', which are the logographic characters borrowed from Chinese and used in the Japanese writing system. Kanji are used alongside hiragana and katakana, and each character typically represents a word or a meaningful part of a word. For example: I study kanji「私は漢字を勉強します」(わたしはかんじをべんきょうします). This kanji is difficult「この漢字は難しい」(このかんじはむずかしい). Kanji are essential for reading and writing in Japanese, and they often have multiple readings and meanings depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3617

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Recent

Reading

Kanji

近Near 年Year

Explanation

The Japanese noun '近年 (きんねん)' means 'recent years' or 'recently'. It is used to refer to a period of time that is close to the present, typically within the last few years. This word is often used in formal or written contexts to discuss trends, changes, or events that have occurred in the recent past. For example: In recent years, technology has advanced rapidly「近年、技術が急速に進歩した」(きんねん、ぎじゅつがきゅうそくにしんぽした). The population has increased in recent years「近年、人口が増加した」(きんねん、じんこうがぞうかした). Note that '近年' is often used at the beginning of a sentence or clause to set the temporal context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3626

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Attempt

Reading

Kanji

試Try, Attempt

Explanation

The Japanese verb '試みる (こころみる)' means 'to attempt' or 'to try'. It is used when someone makes an effort to do something, often implying that the action is experimental or involves some degree of challenge. This verb is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: I will attempt to solve this problem「この問題を解決しようと試みる」(このもんだいをかいけつしようとこころみる). He attempted to climb the mountain「彼は山に登ろうと試みた」(かれはやまにのぼろうとこころみた). The verb can also be used to describe trying out new methods or ideas, as in '新しい方法を試みる (あたらしいほうほうをこころみる) (to try a new method)'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3648

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rice field

Reading

Kanji

田Rice field

Explanation

The Japanese noun '田 (た)' refers to a 'rice field' or 'paddy field'. It specifically denotes a field where rice is cultivated, which is a common agricultural practice in Japan. This word is often used in compound words related to farming or rural areas. For example: there is a rice field near my house「私の家の近くに田がある」(わたしのいえのちかくにたがある). The rice fields are beautiful in the summer「夏の田は美しい」(なつのたはうつくしい). The word can also appear in names of places or surnames, reflecting the historical importance of rice cultivation in Japanese culture.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3668

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Concentration

Reading

Kanji

中Center 集Gather

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '集中 (しゅうちゅう)' means 'concentration'. It refers to the act of focusing one's attention or mental effort on a specific task or object. This word is often used in contexts related to studying, work, or any activity that requires intense focus. For example: I need to concentrate on my studies「私は勉強に集中する必要がある」(わたしはべんきょうにしゅうちゅうするひつようがある). The team concentrated on the project「チームはプロジェクトに集中した」(チームはプロジェクトにしゅうちゅうした). It can also be used to describe the concentration of something in a physical sense, such as the concentration of a substance in a solution.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3671

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Gathering

Reading

Kanji

集Gather

Explanation

The Japanese noun '集まり (あつまり)' refers to a gathering or assembly of people, things, or ideas. It is commonly used to describe events where people come together, such as meetings, parties, or social gatherings. For example: There was a gathering at the park「公園で集まりがあった」(こうえんであつまりがあった). The gathering of ideas is important for innovation「アイデアの集まりは革新に重要だ」(アイデアのあつまりはかくしんにじゅうようだ). This word can also be used to describe a collection of objects or data, such as 'a collection of books' (本の集まり).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3675

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dinner

Reading

Kanji

夕Evening 食Eat, Food

Explanation

The Japanese noun '夕食 (ゆうしょく)' refers to the evening meal, commonly known as 'dinner'. It is used to describe the main meal eaten in the evening, typically after work or school. This word is neutral in tone and can be used in both formal and informal contexts. Example sentences include: Let's have dinner together「一緒に夕食を食べましょう」(いっしょにゆうしょくをたべましょう). What are we having for dinner tonight?「今夜の夕食は何ですか？」(こんやのゆうしょくはなんですか？). The word is often paired with verbs like 食べる (たべる, to eat) or 作る (つくる, to make) to describe actions related to dinner.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3707

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Influential

Reading

Kanji

有Exist 力Power

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '有力 (ゆうりょく)' means 'influential' or 'powerful'. It is used to describe someone or something that has significant influence, power, or authority in a particular context. This term is often used in discussions about politics, business, or social matters. For example: He is an influential politician「彼は有力な政治家だ」(かれはゆうりょくなせいじかだ). This is a powerful theory「これは有力な理論だ」(これはゆうりょくなりろんだ). The word can also imply that something is a strong candidate or a leading possibility, as in '有力な候補 (ゆうりょくなこうほ) (strong candidate)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3723

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ambassador

Reading

Kanji

大Big 使Use

Explanation

The Japanese noun '大使 (たいし)' means 'ambassador'. This term refers to a high-ranking official who represents their country in a foreign nation, typically working to maintain diplomatic relations. The word is often used in formal contexts, such as politics, international relations, or official events. For example: The ambassador visited Japan「大使が日本を訪問した」(たいしがにほんをほうもんした). She is the ambassador to France「彼女はフランスの大使です」(かのじょはフランスのたいしです). The term can also be used metaphorically to describe someone who represents or promotes a particular cause or idea, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3731

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Matter, Incident

Reading

Kanji

事Thing 何What

Explanation

The Japanese noun '何事 (なにごと)' can mean 'matter' or 'incident', depending on the context. It is often used to refer to an event, situation, or occurrence, and can carry a neutral or serious tone depending on usage. For example: What is the matter?「何事ですか？」(なにごとですか). Something strange happened「何事かが起こった」(なにごとかがおこった). The word can also imply a sense of importance or urgency, as in '何事もない (なにごともない)', meaning 'nothing is wrong' or 'nothing happened'. It is commonly used in both casual and formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3741

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Use, Messenger

Reading

Kanji

使Use

Explanation

The Japanese noun '使い (つかい)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'use', referring to the act of utilizing something. For example: the use of this tool is easy「この道具の使いは簡単だ」(このどうぐのつかいはかんたんだ). The second meaning is 'messenger', referring to a person who delivers a message. For example: he sent a messenger「彼は使いを送った」(かれはつかいをおくった). The context in which '使い' is used will determine which meaning is intended. It's important to note that '使い' can also appear in compound words, such as '使い方 (つかいかた)' which means 'way of use' or 'how to use'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3753

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Oneself, Front

Reading

Kanji

前Before, Front 手Hand

Explanation

The Japanese noun '手前 (てまえ)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'front', referring to the space or area directly in front of someone or something. For example: The store is right in front of the station「その店は駅の手前です」(そのみせはえきのてまえです). The second meaning is 'oneself', often used in a humble or self-referential way. For example: I will do it myself「手前でやります」(てまえでやります). It's important to note that the context in which '手前' is used will determine which meaning is intended. The word can also carry a nuance of politeness or humility, especially when referring to oneself.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3754

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Encounter

Reading

Kanji

出Exit 会Meet

Explanation

The Japanese noun '出会い (であい)' refers to a meeting or encounter, often implying a chance or significant meeting between people. It can be used in various contexts, such as meeting someone for the first time, a romantic encounter, or even a meaningful interaction. For example: I had a fateful encounter「運命的な出会いがあった」(うんめいてきなであいがあった). This park is a place of many encounters「この公園は多くの出会いの場所です」(このこうえんはおおくのであいのばしょです). The word carries a nuance of something meaningful or serendipitous, rather than just a casual meeting.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3809

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Midnight

Reading

Kanji

夜Night 中Center

Explanation

The Japanese noun '夜中 (よなか)' refers to the middle of the night, typically around midnight. It is used to describe the time period when most people are asleep. This word can be used in various contexts, such as describing when an event occurs or when someone is awake during this time. For example: I woke up at midnight「夜中に目が覚めた」(よなかにめがさめた). The party lasted until midnight「パーティーは夜中まで続いた」(パーティーはよなかまでつづいた). It's important to note that '夜中' specifically refers to the time around midnight, not just any time during the night.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3811

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ally

Reading

Kanji

味Flavor 方Direction

Explanation

The Japanese noun '味方 (みかた)' means 'ally' or 'someone on your side'. It refers to a person or group that supports or fights alongside you, often in a conflict, competition, or challenging situation. This word is commonly used in contexts involving teamwork, loyalty, or solidarity. For example: He is my ally「彼は私の味方です」(かれはわたしのみかたです). We need more allies to win this battle「この戦いに勝つためにもっと味方が必要だ」(このたたかいにかつためにもっとみかたがひつようだ). The word can also imply emotional support, as in 'She is always on my side'「彼女はいつも私の味方です」(かのじょはいつもわたしのみかたです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3819

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Kimono

Reading

Kanji

物Thing 着Arrive, Wear

Explanation

The Japanese noun '着物 (きもの)' refers to a traditional Japanese garment. It is a long robe with wide sleeves, tied with a sash called an obi. Kimonos are typically worn on special occasions such as weddings, tea ceremonies, and festivals. Example sentences: She is wearing a beautiful kimono「彼女は美しい着物を着ています」(かのじょはうつくしいきものをきています). I bought a kimono for the festival「祭りのために着物を買いました」(まつりのためにきものをかいました).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3842

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Suddenness

Reading

Kanji

意Idea 不Not

Explanation

The Japanese noun '不意 (ふい)' refers to something happening suddenly or unexpectedly. It is often used to describe events or actions that catch someone off guard. For example: He was taken by surprise「彼は不意をつかれた」(かれはふいをつかれた). The suddenness of the storm surprised everyone「嵐の不意さに皆驚いた」(あらしのふいさにみなおどろいた). This word is commonly used in contexts where the unexpected nature of an event is emphasized.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3859

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Scholar

Reading

Kanji

者Someone 学Learn

Explanation

The Japanese noun '学者 (がくしゃ)' refers to a person who is highly educated and specializes in a particular field of study, such as a scholar or academic. It is commonly used to describe individuals who conduct research or contribute to knowledge in areas like science, literature, or history. Example sentences: He is a famous scholar「彼は有名な学者です」(かれはゆうめいながくしゃです). The scholar published a new book「その学者は新しい本を出版しました」(そのがくしゃはあたらしいほんをしゅっぱんしました). Note that '学者' emphasizes expertise and academic contribution, distinguishing it from more general terms like '学生 (がくせい)' (student).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3863

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Daytime

Reading

Kanji

昼Daytime, Noon 間Interval, Space

Explanation

The Japanese noun '昼間 (ひるま)' refers to the period of the day when the sun is up, typically from sunrise to sunset. It is used to describe activities or events that occur during daylight hours. For example: I work during the daytime「私は昼間に働きます」(わたしはひるまにはたらきます). It's quiet during the daytime「昼間は静かです」(ひるまはしずかです). This word is often used in contrast to '夜 (よる)' which means 'night'. It's important to note that '昼間' specifically refers to the time of day and not the concept of 'day' as in a 24-hour period, which would be '一日 (いちにち)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3868

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Author

Reading

Kanji

作Make 者Someone

Explanation

The Japanese noun '作者 (さくしゃ)' refers to the creator or author of a work, such as a book, painting, or other artistic creation. It is commonly used to describe the person responsible for the creation of a piece of art, literature, or any creative work. For example: the author of this book is famous「この本の作者は有名です」(このほんのさくしゃはゆうめいです). Who is the author of this painting?「この絵の作者は誰ですか？」(このえのさくしゃはだれですか？). The term emphasizes the role of the creator in bringing a work into existence.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3885

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Base, Foot (measure)

Reading

Kanji

元Origin 足Foot, Sufficient

Explanation

The Japanese noun '足元 (あしもと)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'foot', referring to the area around one's feet or the ground beneath them. For example: be careful of your step「足元に気をつけて」(あしもとにきをつけて). The second meaning is 'base', often used metaphorically to refer to the foundation or support of something. For example: the company's base is strong「会社の足元は強い」(かいしゃのあしもとはつよい). This word is commonly used in both literal and figurative contexts, and its meaning can shift depending on the situation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3895

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Strong, Powerful

Reading

Kanji

力Power 強Strong

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '強力 (きょうりょく)' means 'powerful' or 'strong'. It is used to describe something or someone that possesses great strength, force, or effectiveness. This term can be applied to physical strength, as well as to abstract concepts like influence or efficacy. For example: This medicine is powerful「この薬は強力だ」(このくすりはきょうりょくだ). He is a strong leader「彼は強力なリーダーだ」(かれはきょうりょくなリーダーだ). Note that '強力' is often used in contexts where the strength or power is notable or exceptional.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3901

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

National

Reading

Kanji

立Stand 国Country

Explanation

The Japanese noun '国立 (こくりつ)' means 'national'. It is used to describe institutions or organizations that are established and funded by the national government. This term is commonly used in the names of national universities, museums, and parks. For example: national university「国立大学」(こくりつだいがく). national museum「国立博物館」(こくりつはくぶつかん). national park「国立公園」(こくりつこうえん). The term emphasizes the official and public nature of the institution, distinguishing it from private or local entities.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3913

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Meal

Reading

Kanji

飯Cooked rice, Food

Explanation

The Japanese noun '飯 (めし)' primarily means 'meal' or 'cooked rice'. It is a casual and somewhat colloquial term often used in everyday conversation. While it can refer to a meal in general, it is also specifically used to denote cooked rice, which is a staple of Japanese cuisine. For example: Let's eat a meal「飯を食べよう」(めしをたべよう). This rice is delicious「この飯は美味しい」(このめしはおいしい). The word can carry a slightly rough or masculine tone, so it is more commonly used among friends or in informal settings rather than in polite or formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3919

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Old

Reading

Kanji

古Old

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '古 (こ)' means 'old' and is used to indicate something ancient, traditional, or from the past. It often carries a sense of historical significance or antiquity. This prefix is commonly used in compound words to describe things like old buildings, traditions, or artifacts. For example: ancient capital「古都」(こと). old book「古本」(ふるほん). Note that while '古' can also be read as 'ふる' in some contexts, as a prefix it is typically read as 'こ'. The reading and meaning depend on the compound word it is part of.

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3925

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Family

Reading

Kanji

家House 一One

Explanation

The Japanese noun '一家 (いっか)' refers to a family or household as a unit. It is often used to describe a family in a collective sense, including all members living together. This term can also imply the family's lineage or household in a broader context. For example: The whole family went on a trip「一家で旅行に行った」(いっかでりょこうにいった). He supports his family「彼は一家を支えている」(かれはいっかをささえている). The word can also be used in contexts referring to a family business or a family's reputation, such as '一家の恥 (いっかのはじ)' meaning 'a family's shame'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3933

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

England

Reading

Kanji

英England, Distinguished

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun '英 (えい)' primarily refers to 'England' or things related to England. It is often used in compound words to denote something of English origin or related to the English language. For example: English language「英語」(えいご). British person「英国人」(えいこくじん). It can also be part of names, such as '英子 (えいこ)', a common female given name. Note that while '英' can sometimes be used in other contexts, its primary and most common usage is in reference to England or English-related concepts.

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3943

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Venue

Reading

Kanji

場Place 会Meet

Explanation

The Japanese noun '会場 (かいじょう)' refers to a 'venue' or 'event space'. It is commonly used to describe the location where an event, meeting, or gathering takes place. This word is neutral and can be applied to various contexts, such as conferences, concerts, weddings, or exhibitions. For example: The venue for the concert is large「コンサートの会場は広い」(コンサートのかいじょうはひろい). Please go to the event venue「イベントの会場に行ってください」(イベントのかいじょうにいってください). Note that '会場' is often paired with specific event names or types to clarify the purpose of the venue.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3948

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Awkward, Unappetizing

Reading

Kanji

味Flavor 不Not

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '不味い (まずい)' has two distinct meanings. The first and most common meaning is 'unappetizing' or 'bad-tasting', used to describe food or drink that does not taste good. For example: this soup is unappetizing「このスープはまずい」(このスープはまずい). The second meaning is 'awkward' or 'troublesome', often used to describe a situation that is difficult or uncomfortable. For example: this situation is awkward「この状況はまずい」(このじょうきょうはまずい). Note that the second meaning is more colloquial and context-dependent.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3954

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Acquisition

Reading

Kanji

手Hand 入Enter

Explanation

The Japanese noun '入手 (にゅうしゅ)' means 'acquisition' or 'obtaining'. It refers to the act of acquiring or obtaining something, often something valuable or hard to get. This word is commonly used in contexts where someone has successfully obtained an item, information, or resource. For example: I finally acquired the rare book「やっとその珍しい本を入手した」(やっとそのめずらしいほんをにゅうしゅした). The company obtained the necessary permits「会社は必要な許可を入手した」(かいしゃはひつようなきょかをにゅうしゅした). It is often used in formal or business contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3960

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Getup

Reading

Kanji

上Up 起Wake up

Explanation

The Japanese verb '起き上がる (おきあがる)' means 'to get up' or 'to rise up'. This verb is typically used to describe the action of moving from a lying or sitting position to a standing position. It can also be used metaphorically to describe recovering from a setback or difficult situation. For example: He got up from the floor「彼は床から起き上がった」(かれはゆかからおきあがった). After the accident, she managed to get up and walk「事故の後、彼女は起き上がって歩くことができた」(じこのあと、かのじょはおきあがってあるくことができた). The verb is often used in contexts involving physical movement or recovery.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3988

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Middle

Reading

Kanji

真Truth 中Center

Explanation

The Japanese noun '真ん中 (まんなか)' means 'middle'. It refers to the central part or point of something, whether it's a physical space, an object, or even a concept. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation to describe the center of an area or the midpoint of a situation. For example: the cat is in the middle of the room「猫は部屋の真ん中にいる」(ねこはへやのまんなかにいる). The answer is in the middle of the book「答えは本の真ん中にある」(こたえはほんのまんなかにある). It can also be used metaphorically, such as in 'the middle of a discussion'「議論の真ん中」(ぎろんのまんなか).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3992

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Spirit, Enthusiasm

Reading

Kanji

意Idea 気Spirit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '意気 (いき)' refers to one's spirit, enthusiasm, or determination. It is often used to describe a person's vigor, motivation, or the energy they put into their actions. This word is commonly used in contexts related to teamwork, ambition, or personal drive. For example: His spirit is admirable「彼の意気は立派だ」(かれのいきはりっぱだ). They worked with great enthusiasm「彼らは意気込んで働いた」(かれらはいきごんではたらいた). Note that '意気' can also appear in compound words like '意気投合 (いきとうごう)', which means 'to hit it off' or 'to be in sync with someone.'

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4013

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Built

Reading

Kanji

建Build

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '建て (だて)' is used to indicate the way something is built or constructed. It is often attached to nouns to describe the type of construction or the material used in building something. For example: a wooden house「木造建ての家」(もくぞうだてのいえ). This building is steel-framed「この建物は鉄骨建てです」(このたてものはてっこつだてです). The suffix can also be used to specify the number of floors in a building, such as in 'three-story building'「三階建ての建物」(さんかいだてのたてもの). It is a versatile suffix that provides specific information about the construction or structure of an object or building.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4026

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Overlap, Pileup

Reading

Kanji

重Heavy

Explanation

The Japanese verb '重なる (かさなる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'overlap', which refers to things lying on top of each other or occurring simultaneously. For example: The two events overlap「二つのイベントが重なる」(ふたつのイベントがかさなる). The second meaning is 'pileup', which refers to multiple things accumulating or stacking up, often in a literal or figurative sense. For example: Problems keep piling up「問題が重なる」(もんだいがかさなる). This verb is commonly used in both physical and abstract contexts, such as describing overlapping schedules, stacked objects, or accumulated issues.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4071

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Clan, Family

Reading

Kanji

族Family 一One

Explanation

The Japanese noun '一族 (いちぞく)' refers to a family or clan, often implying a group of people related by blood or marriage, and sometimes extending to include a larger group with shared ancestry or lineage. It is commonly used to describe a family unit or a clan with historical or social significance. For example: The family gathered for the festival「一族が祭りのために集まった」(いちぞくがまつりのためにあつまった). The clan has a long history「その一族は長い歴史を持っている」(そのいちぞくはながいれきしをもっている). The term can also be used in a more formal or historical context to describe noble families or influential clans.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4090

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Orient

Reading

Kanji

東East 洋Ocean, Western style

Explanation

The Japanese noun '東洋 (とうよう)' refers to the 'Orient' or 'East Asia', encompassing countries such as Japan, China, and Korea. This term is often used in contrast to '西洋 (せいよう)', which means 'the West' or 'Western countries'. It is commonly used in historical, cultural, and geographical contexts. For example: The culture of the Orient is fascinating「東洋の文化は魅力的だ」(とうようのぶんかはみりょくてきだ). He studies Oriental history「彼は東洋の歴史を研究している」(かれはとうようのれきしをけんきゅうしている). Note that while '東洋' is a neutral term, its usage can sometimes carry historical or cultural connotations depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4091

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Truth

Reading

Kanji

真Truth 理Reason

Explanation

The Japanese noun '真理 (しんり)' means 'truth'. It refers to a fundamental or universal principle, often used in philosophical, scientific, or religious contexts. This word is more abstract and profound than the simpler term '真実 (しんじつ)', which refers to factual truth. Example sentences: The pursuit of truth is important「真理を追求することは大切だ」(しんりをついきゅうすることはたいせつだ). He discovered the truth of the universe「彼は宇宙の真理を発見した」(かれはうちゅうのしんりをはっけんした).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4098

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Learn

Reading

Kanji

習Learn

Explanation

The Japanese verb '習う (ならう)' means 'to learn'. It specifically refers to learning through instruction, practice, or imitation, often under the guidance of a teacher or mentor. This verb is commonly used when talking about acquiring skills, knowledge, or techniques in a structured way. For example: I learn Japanese from my teacher「私は先生に日本語を習う」(わたしはせんせいににほんごをならう). She is learning to play the piano「彼女はピアノを習っている」(かのじょはピアノをならっている). Note that '習う' implies a more formal or systematic learning process compared to '学ぶ (まなぶ)', which can refer to learning in a broader sense.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4116

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Former

Reading

Kanji

前Before, Front 者Someone

Explanation

The Japanese noun '前者 (ぜんしゃ)' means 'the former' and is used to refer to the first of two things or people mentioned earlier in a conversation or text. It is often paired with '後者 (こうしゃ)', which means 'the latter'. For example: Between tea and coffee, I prefer the former「紅茶とコーヒーのうち、前者が好きです」(こうちゃとコーヒーのうち、ぜんしゃがすきです). When comparing two options, the former is usually the first one mentioned. This word is commonly used in formal or written contexts to avoid repetition.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4154

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stamina

Reading

Kanji

体Body 力Power

Explanation

The Japanese noun '体力 (たいりょく)' refers to physical strength, stamina, or endurance. It is commonly used to describe one's physical ability to perform tasks or endure physical exertion. For example: I need to build up my stamina「体力をつけなければならない」(たいりょくをつけなければならない). He has a lot of stamina「彼は体力がある」(かれはたいりょくがある). This word is often used in contexts related to sports, work, or health, emphasizing the physical aspect of endurance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4169

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Front

Reading

Kanji

前Before, Front 方Direction

Explanation

The Japanese noun '前方 (ぜんぽう)' means 'front' or 'forward direction'. It is used to indicate the area or direction that is ahead or in front of something. This word is often used in contexts related to movement, orientation, or spatial awareness. For example: look to the front「前方を見て」(ぜんぽうをみて). The car is moving forward「車は前方に進んでいる」(くるまはぜんぽうにすすんでいる). It can also be used in more abstract contexts, such as 'future' or 'ahead in time', but this usage is less common. The word is typically used in formal or written contexts rather than casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4185

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Decide

Reading

Kanji

切Cut 思Think

Explanation

The Japanese verb '思い切る (おもいきる)' means 'to decide' or 'to make up one's mind'. It conveys the idea of making a firm decision, often after some hesitation or deliberation. This verb is commonly used when someone resolves to take action or make a choice, especially in situations that require courage or a significant change. For example: I decided to quit my job「仕事を辞めることを思い切った」(しごとをやめることをおもいきった). She finally decided to confess her feelings「彼女はついに気持ちを打ち明けることを思い切った」(かのじょはついにきもちをうちあけることをおもいきった). Note that '思い切る' often implies a sense of determination or resolve, making it suitable for situations where a decisive action is taken.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4214

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Event

Reading

Kanji

行Go 事Thing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '行事 (ぎょうじ)' refers to an event, ceremony, or function, often one that is organized or traditional. It is commonly used to describe school events, festivals, or official ceremonies. For example: The school festival is a big event「学校の行事は大きなイベントです」(がっこうのぎょうじはおおきなイベントです). We have a traditional event every year「毎年伝統的な行事があります」(まいとしでんとうてきなぎょうじがあります). This word is often used in contexts where the event has a formal or customary significance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4235

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Housework

Reading

Kanji

事Thing 家House

Explanation

The Japanese noun '家事 (かじ)' refers to 'housework' or 'domestic chores'. It encompasses tasks typically done to maintain a household, such as cleaning, cooking, laundry, and other daily chores. This word is commonly used in contexts related to managing a home or discussing responsibilities within a household. For example: I do housework every day「私は毎日家事をします」(わたしはまいにちかじをします). Housework is tiring「家事は疲れます」(かじはつかれます). The term can also be used in phrases like '家事の分担 (かじのぶんたん)' (division of housework) to discuss sharing responsibilities.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4252

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Quality

Reading

Kanji

品Product 質Quality

Explanation

The Japanese noun '品質 (ひんしつ)' refers to the quality of something, particularly in terms of its characteristics, standards, or level of excellence. It is commonly used in contexts related to products, materials, or services to describe how good or bad they are. For example: The quality of this product is high「この製品の品質は高い」(このせいひんのひんしつはたかい). We need to improve the quality「品質を改善する必要がある」(ひんしつをかいぜんするひつようがある). This word is often used in business or manufacturing settings to discuss the standards of goods or services.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4263

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Academic society

Reading

Kanji

学Learn 会Meet

Explanation

The Japanese noun '学会 (がっかい)' refers to an academic society or association, typically composed of scholars and researchers in a specific field. These organizations often hold conferences, publish journals, and facilitate the exchange of knowledge among members. For example: I attended an academic society conference「学会の会議に出席しました」(がっかいのかいぎにしゅっせきしました). She is a member of the medical academic society「彼女は医学の学会のメンバーです」(かのじょはいがくのがっかいのメンバーです). The term can also sometimes refer to the academic world or scholarly community in a broader sense.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4266

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Things

Reading

Kanji

事Thing 物Thing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '物事 (ものごと)' refers to 'things' or 'matters' in a general sense. It is often used to describe various aspects of life, events, or situations in a broad and inclusive manner. This term is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: He is good at handling things「彼は物事をうまく処理する」(かれはものごとをうまくしょりする). We should consider all things carefully「物事をよく考えるべきだ」(ものごとをよくかんがえるべきだ). The term can also imply a sense of complexity or interconnectedness, as in '物事はそう簡単ではない (ものごとはそうかんたんではない)' which means 'Things are not that simple.'

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4305

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Main

Reading

Kanji

主Master

Explanation

The Japanese determiner '主な (おもな)' means 'main' or 'principal'. It is used to describe something that is the most important or central in a given context. This word is often used to modify nouns, emphasizing their primary or key nature. For example: the main reason「主な理由」(おもなりゆう). The main characters in the story「物語の主な登場人物」(ものがたりのおもなとうじょうじんぶつ). It is important to note that '主な' is typically used in written or formal contexts, and it is not conjugated like an adjective.

Part Of Speech

determiner

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4315

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Teaching

Reading

Kanji

教Teach

Explanation

The Japanese noun '教え (おしえ)' means 'teaching'. It refers to the act of imparting knowledge, skills, or moral lessons, or the content of what is taught. This word is often used in contexts related to education, religion, or personal guidance. For example: His teachings are profound「彼の教えは深い」(かれのおしえはふかい). I follow the teachings of my parents「私は両親の教えに従います」(わたしはりょうしんのおしえにしたがいます). The word can also imply wisdom or lessons learned from experience, as in 'life teachings'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4328

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

First year

Reading

Kanji

元Origin 年Year

Explanation

The Japanese noun '元年 (がんねん)' refers to the first year of a specific era, reign, or calendar system. It is commonly used in historical contexts to denote the inaugural year of a new period, such as the start of a new emperor's reign or the introduction of a new calendar. For example: This event happened in the first year of the Heisei era「この出来事は平成元年に起こりました」(このできごとはへいせいがんねんにおこりました). The company was established in the first year of the Reiwa era「その会社は令和元年に設立されました」(そのかいしゃはれいわがんねんにせつりつされました).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4330

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Last year

Reading

Kanji

去Past 年Year

Explanation

The Japanese noun '去年 (きょねん)' means 'last year'. It is used to refer to the year immediately preceding the current one. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation and writing to indicate events or situations that occurred in the previous year. For example: I went to Japan last year「去年、日本に行きました」(きょねん、にほんにいきました). Last year was very busy「去年はとても忙しかった」(きょねんはとてもいそがしかった). It is important to note that '去年' is a specific term and should not be confused with '昨年 (さくねん)', which is a more formal term also meaning 'last year'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4377

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Parting

Reading

Kanji

別Separate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '別れ (わかれ)' means 'parting' or 'separation'. It refers to the act of saying goodbye or the state of being separated from someone or something. This word is often used in emotional contexts, such as farewells, breakups, or the end of a relationship. For example: a sad parting「悲しい別れ」(かなしいわかれ). We said our goodbyes at the station「私たちは駅で別れを告げた」(わたしたちはえきでわかれをつげた). It can also be used in a broader sense, such as the separation of paths or directions. For example: at the parting of the roads「道の別れで」(みちのわかれで).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4398

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dead

Reading

Kanji

死Death 者Someone

Explanation

The Japanese noun '死者 (ししゃ)' refers to a deceased person or the dead. It is used to describe someone who has passed away. This term is often used in formal or serious contexts, such as in news reports, legal documents, or discussions about tragedies. For example: The number of dead increased「死者の数が増えた」(ししゃのかずがふえた). The dead were mourned by their families「死者は家族に悼まれた」(ししゃはかぞくにいたまれた). It is important to note that '死者' is a neutral term and does not carry any particular emotional connotation, but it is generally used in respectful contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4415

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bird

Reading

Kanji

小Small 鳥Bird

Explanation

The Japanese noun '小鳥 (ことり)' refers to a small bird, often a songbird or a bird kept as a pet. It is a compound of '小 (こ)', meaning 'small', and '鳥 (とり)', meaning 'bird'. This word is commonly used to describe small, delicate birds, and it carries a gentle, endearing connotation. Example sentences: I saw a small bird in the garden「庭で小鳥を見た」(にわでことりをみた). The small bird is singing「小鳥が鳴いている」(ことりがないている).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4460

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Black person

Reading

Kanji

黒Black 人Person

Explanation

The Japanese noun '黒人 (こくじん)' refers to a person of African descent or someone with dark skin. It is a neutral term used to describe race or ethnicity. However, it is important to use this term with sensitivity, as discussions about race can be culturally nuanced. For example: He is a black person「彼は黒人です」(かれはこくじんです). Many black people live in that city「その都市には多くの黒人が住んでいます」(そのとしにはおおくのこくじんがすんでいます). Note that while the term itself is not inherently offensive, context and tone matter greatly in its usage.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4461

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Field

Reading

Kanji

野Field

Explanation

The Japanese noun '野 (の)' means 'field'. It refers to an open area of land, often used for agriculture or as a natural landscape. This word is commonly used in contexts related to nature, farming, or rural areas. For example: a field of flowers「花の野」(はなのの). The cows are grazing in the field「牛が野で草を食べている」(うしがのでくさをたべている). Note that '野' can also appear in compound words, such as '野原 (のはら)' (field or plain) or '野生 (やせい)' (wild).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4466

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Industry

Reading

Kanji

業Business 界World

Explanation

The Japanese noun '業界 (ぎょうかい)' refers to a specific industry or business sector. It is commonly used to describe a particular field of work or commerce, such as the entertainment industry, technology industry, or financial industry. For example: He works in the film industry「彼は映画業界で働いています」(かれはえいがぎょうかいではたらいています). The gaming industry is growing rapidly「ゲーム業界は急速に成長しています」(ゲームぎょうかいはきゅうそくにせいちょうしています). This term is often used in professional or business contexts to discuss trends, developments, or challenges within a specific sector.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4484

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Clerk

Reading

Kanji

店Shop 員Member

Explanation

The Japanese noun '店員 (てんいん)' refers to a 'clerk' or 'shop assistant'. This term is used to describe someone who works in a store, assisting customers, handling transactions, and managing inventory. It is a common term in retail and service industries. For example: The clerk is friendly「店員は親切です」(てんいんはしんせつです). I asked the clerk for help「店員に助けを求めました」(てんいんにたすけをもとめました). The word is neutral and can be used in various contexts, such as in department stores, convenience stores, or specialty shops.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4491

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bookstore

Reading

Kanji

店Shop 書Write

Explanation

The Japanese noun '書店 (しょてん)' refers to a 'bookstore', a place where books are sold. This term is commonly used in everyday conversation when referring to a shop that specializes in selling books. It can be used in various contexts, such as asking for directions to a bookstore or discussing where to buy a specific book. For example: I bought this novel at the bookstore「この小説は書店で買いました」(このしょうせつはしょてんでかいました). There is a bookstore near the station「駅の近くに書店があります」(えきのちかくにしょてんがあります). The word '書店' is often used interchangeably with '本屋 (ほんや)', though '書店' can sound slightly more formal or literary.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4509

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Plaza

Reading

Kanji

広Wide 場Place

Explanation

The Japanese noun '広場 (ひろば)' refers to a 'plaza' or 'open square', typically a public space in a city or town where people can gather. It is often used to describe a large, open area that is surrounded by buildings or other structures. For example: Let's meet at the plaza「広場で会いましょう」(ひろばであいましょう). The children are playing in the plaza「子供たちは広場で遊んでいます」(こどもたちはひろばであそんでいます). This word can also be used metaphorically to describe a space for open discussion or exchange of ideas, such as in a 'forum' or 'public square' context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4513

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shipping

Reading

Kanji

送Send 料Materials, Fee

Explanation

The Japanese noun '送料 (そうりょう)' refers to the cost or fee associated with shipping or delivering goods. It is commonly used in contexts related to online shopping, mail services, or logistics. For example: The shipping fee is 500 yen「送料は500円です」(そうりょうはごひゃくえんです). Free shipping on orders over 10,000 yen「1万円以上の注文は送料無料です」(いちまんえんいじょうのちゅうもんはそうりょうむりょうです). This term is essential when discussing e-commerce or sending packages, as it specifies the additional cost for delivery services.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4528

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Whereabouts

Reading

Kanji

行Go 方Direction

Explanation

The Japanese noun '行方 (ゆくえ)' means 'whereabouts'. It refers to the location or direction of a person or thing, often when their current location is unknown or uncertain. This word is commonly used in contexts involving missing persons, lost items, or uncertain futures. For example: His whereabouts are unknown「彼の行方はわからない」(かれのゆくえはわからない). The missing child's whereabouts are still a mystery「行方不明の子供の行方はまだ謎だ」(ゆくえふめいのこどものゆくえはまだなぞだ). Note that '行方' can also metaphorically refer to the future or direction of something, as in 'the future of the project is uncertain'「プロジェクトの行方は不透明だ」(ぷろじぇくとのゆくえはふとうめいだ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4542

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Acquaintance

Reading

Kanji

人Person 知Know

Explanation

The Japanese noun '知人 (ちじん)' refers to someone you know, but not closely. It is used to describe a person you are familiar with, but who is not a close friend or family member. This term is neutral and can be used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: I met an acquaintance at the station「知人に駅で会いました」(ちじんにえきであいました). She is an acquaintance from work「彼女は仕事の知人です」(かのじょはしごとのちじんです). The word is often used to distinguish between close relationships and more casual ones.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4546

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Trader, Contractor

Reading

Kanji

業Business 者Someone

Explanation

The Japanese noun '業者 (ぎょうしゃ)' can refer to a 'trader' or 'contractor', depending on the context. As a 'trader', it typically refers to a person or company engaged in buying and selling goods or services. For example: The trader offered a good price「業者が良い値段を提示した」(ぎょうしゃがよいねだんをていしした). As a 'contractor', it refers to a person or company hired to perform specific tasks or services, often in construction or specialized fields. For example: The contractor completed the project on time「業者がプロジェクトを時間通りに完了した」(ぎょうしゃがぷろじぇくとをじかんどおりにかんりょうした). The word is neutral and can be used in both formal and informal settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4572

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reach

Reading

Kanji

着Arrive, Wear

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'たどり着く (たどりつく)' means 'to reach' or 'to arrive at' after a long or difficult journey. It implies a sense of struggle, effort, or perseverance in reaching a destination or goal. This verb is often used in contexts where the journey is challenging or the destination is hard to attain. For example: After hours of hiking, we finally reached the summit「何時間もハイキングをして、やっと頂上にたどり着いた」(なんじかんもハイキングをして、やっとちょうじょうにたどりついた). She struggled but eventually reached her dream「彼女は苦労したが、ついに夢にたどり着いた」(かのじょはくろうしたが、ついにゆめにたどりついた). The verb can also be used metaphorically to describe reaching a conclusion or understanding after much thought or effort.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4586

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Startup

Reading

Kanji

起Wake up 動Move

Explanation

The Japanese noun '起動 (きどう)' refers to the act of starting up or booting up a device, system, or machine. It is commonly used in the context of technology, such as computers, smartphones, or software. For example: the startup of the computer is slow「パソコンの起動が遅い」(ぱそこんのきどうがおそい). Please wait for the system to start up「システムの起動をお待ちください」(しすてむのきどうをまちください). This term is essential in technical discussions and everyday usage when referring to the initialization of electronic devices.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4611

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Complete, Fabricate

Reading

Kanji

上Up 作Make

Explanation

The Japanese verb '作り上げる (つくりあげる)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to complete' or 'to finish creating something', often implying a sense of accomplishment or effort. For example: he completed the sculpture「彼は彫刻を作り上げた」(かれはちょうこくをつくりあげた). The second meaning is 'to fabricate' or 'to concoct', often used in a negative sense to describe creating something false or deceptive. For example: she fabricated a story「彼女は話を作り上げた」(かのじょははなしをつくりあげた). The verb is commonly used in both literal and figurative contexts, and its meaning depends on the situation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4614

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Meeting, Gathering

Reading

Kanji

集Gather 会Meet

Explanation

The Japanese noun '集会 (しゅうかい)' refers to a formal or informal gathering of people, often for a specific purpose such as discussion, planning, or protest. It can be used in various contexts, from community meetings to political rallies. For example: There will be a meeting tomorrow「明日集会があります」(あしたしゅうかいがあります). The gathering was peaceful「その集会は平和でした」(そのしゅうかいへいわでした). The word can also imply a sense of organization or collective action, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4620

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Silver

Reading

Kanji

銀Silver

Explanation

The Japanese noun '銀 (ぎん)' means 'silver'. It refers to the precious metal silver, which is often used in jewelry, coins, and other valuable items. This word can also be used metaphorically to describe something of high quality or value, similar to how 'silver' is used in English. Example sentences: This ring is made of silver「この指輪は銀でできている」(このゆびわはぎんでできている). Silver is a precious metal「銀は貴金属です」(ぎんはききんぞくです). The word can also appear in compound words, such as '銀色 (ぎんいろ)' meaning 'silver color'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4633

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Independence

Reading

Kanji

自Self 主Master

Explanation

The Japanese noun '自主 (じしゅ)' refers to 'independence' or 'self-reliance'. It is often used to describe the ability or state of acting on one's own initiative, without external control or influence. This term is commonly used in contexts related to personal responsibility, self-governance, or autonomous decision-making. For example: She values her independence「彼女は自主を大切にする」(かのじょはじしゅをたいせつにする). The students organized the event on their own initiative「学生たちは自主的にイベントを企画した」(がくせいたちはじしゅてきにイベントをきかくした). The concept of '自主' is highly regarded in Japanese culture, particularly in educational and professional settings, where it is seen as a positive trait.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4636

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fairness, Justice

Reading

Kanji

公Public 正Correct

Explanation

The Japanese noun '公正 (こうせい)' refers to fairness or justice. It is often used in contexts related to impartiality, equity, or ethical correctness. For example: The judge ensured fairness in the trial「裁判官は裁判で公正を確保した」(さいばんかんはさいばんでこうせいをかくほした). Justice is important in society「社会において公正は重要だ」(しゃかいにおいてこうせいはじゅうようだ). This word is commonly used in legal, social, and ethical discussions to emphasize the importance of treating everyone equally and without bias.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4665

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Food

Reading

Kanji

食Eat, Food 料Materials, Fee

Explanation

The Japanese noun '食料 (しょくりょう)' refers to 'food' or 'food supplies'. It is commonly used to describe food items in a general sense, often in the context of provisions or sustenance. This term can be used in various contexts, such as discussing food supplies for a household, emergency food storage, or food resources in a broader sense. For example: We need to buy food for the trip「旅行のための食料を買う必要がある」(りょこうのためのしょくりょうをかうひつようがある). The government provided food to the disaster victims「政府は被災者に食料を提供した」(せいふはひさいしゃにしょくりょうをていきょうした). Note that '食料' is more formal and often used in written or official contexts, while '食べ物 (たべもの)' is more casual and commonly used in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4667

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Deficit

Reading

Kanji

赤Red 字Character

Explanation

The Japanese noun '赤字 (あかじ)' primarily means 'deficit'. It is commonly used in financial contexts to describe a situation where expenses exceed income, resulting in a loss. The term can also be used metaphorically to describe any situation where there is a shortfall or lack. For example: The company is in deficit「その会社は赤字です」(そのかいしゃはあかじです). The government is facing a budget deficit「政府は予算の赤字に直面している」(せいふはよさんのあかじにちょくめんしている). The term is often used in business and economic discussions, and it is important to note that it carries a negative connotation, indicating financial trouble or imbalance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4706

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hand, Nearby

Reading

Kanji

元Origin 手Hand

Explanation

The Japanese noun '手元 (てもと)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning refers to 'hand' or 'the area around one's hands,' often used to describe something being within reach or close to one's hands. The second meaning refers to something being 'nearby' or 'close at hand,' often used to describe objects or situations that are easily accessible. For example: Keep the book at hand「本を手元に置いておく」(ほんをてもとにおいておく). I always keep my phone nearby「いつも携帯を手元に置いている」(いつもけいたいをてもとにおいてる). The word can also be used in contexts like '手元に現金がない' (てもとにげんきんがない), meaning 'I don’t have cash on hand.'

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4709

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Theme

Reading

Kanji

主Master 題Topic

Explanation

The Japanese noun '主題 (しゅだい)' means 'theme'. It refers to the main subject or central topic of a discussion, piece of writing, artwork, or any other form of expression. This word is commonly used in academic, literary, and artistic contexts. For example: the theme of the novel is love「小説の主題は愛です」(しょうせつのしゅだいはあいです). The theme of the conference is environmental protection「会議の主題は環境保護です」(かいぎのしゅだいはかんきょうほごです). It can also be used in music to describe the main melody or motif, as in 'the theme of the symphony is very memorable'「交響曲の主題はとても印象的です」(こうきょうきょくのしゅだいはとてもいんしょうてきです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4729

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Headquarters

Reading

Kanji

本Book, Origin 社Company

Explanation

The Japanese noun '本社 (ほんしゃ)' refers to the 'headquarters' or 'main office' of a company or organization. It is the central location where the primary operations and management of the organization are conducted. For example: The headquarters is in Tokyo「本社は東京にあります」(ほんしゃはとうきょうにあります). I work at the headquarters「私は本社で働いています」(わたしはほんしゃではたらいています). This term is commonly used in business contexts to distinguish the main office from branch offices or subsidiaries.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4745

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Existence

Reading

Kanji

有Exist

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '有 (ゆう)' is used to indicate the existence or possession of something. It is often attached to nouns to form compound words that convey the idea of 'having' or 'being endowed with'. For example: useful「有効な」(ゆうこうな). This prefix is commonly used in formal or technical contexts. Another example: profitable「有益な」(ゆうえきな). It's important to note that '有' can also be used in standalone words, such as '有る (ある)', which means 'to exist' or 'to have'.

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4753

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Geography

Reading

Kanji

地Ground 理Reason

Explanation

The Japanese noun '地理 (ちり)' refers to 'geography'. It is used to describe the study of the Earth's physical features, climate, and human activity, as well as the arrangement of places and physical features. For example: I like studying geography「私は地理を勉強するのが好きです」(わたしはちりをべんきょうするのがすきです). The geography of this region is complex「この地域の地理は複雑です」(このちいきのちりはふくざつです). This term is commonly used in academic and educational contexts, and it can also refer to the physical characteristics of a particular area.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4778

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sisters

Reading

Kanji

姉Older sister 妹Younger sister

Explanation

The Japanese noun '姉妹 (しまい)' refers to 'sisters'. It specifically denotes a pair or group of female siblings. This term is often used in contexts discussing family relationships or to metaphorically describe close relationships between entities, such as sister cities or sister schools. For example: They are sisters「彼女たちは姉妹です」(かのじょたちはしまいです). Our school has a sister school in Japan「私たちの学校は日本に姉妹校があります」(わたしたちのがっこうはにほんにしまいこうがあります). The term can also be used in broader contexts to describe things that are closely related or paired, such as 'sister companies'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4788

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cross

Reading

Kanji

十Ten 字Character

Explanation

The Japanese noun '十字 (じゅうじ)' means 'cross'. It refers to the shape or symbol of a cross, often associated with religious or directional contexts. For example: There is a cross on the map「地図に十字がある」(ちずにじゅうじがある). The cross is a sacred symbol「十字は神聖なシンボルです」(じゅうじはしんせいなシンボルです). This word is also used in compound words like '十字路 (じゅうじろ)' meaning 'crossroads' or 'intersection'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4822

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Constitution

Reading

Kanji

質Quality 体Body

Explanation

The Japanese noun '体質 (たいしつ)' refers to a person's physical constitution or body type. It describes the inherent characteristics of a person's body, such as their tendency to gain weight, susceptibility to certain illnesses, or general physical condition. For example: She has a weak constitution「彼女は体質が弱い」(かのじょはたいしつがよわい). My constitution doesn't handle cold weather well「私の体質は寒さに弱い」(わたしのたいしつはさむさによわい). This word can also be used metaphorically to describe the inherent nature or tendencies of organizations or systems, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4824

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Majestic, Unashamed

Reading

Kanji

堂Hall

Explanation

The Japanese noun '堂々 (どうどう)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'majestic', which refers to something grand, dignified, or impressive in appearance or manner. For example: He walked in with a majestic air「彼は堂々と歩いて入ってきた」(かれはどうどうとあるいてはいってきた). The second meaning is 'unashamed', which describes someone acting confidently without fear of judgment or shame. For example: She spoke unashamedly about her past「彼女は堂々と自分の過去について話した」(かのじょはどうどうとじぶんのかこについてはなした). The word often conveys a sense of confidence and boldness, whether in a positive or neutral context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4834

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Painter

Reading

Kanji

家House 画Picture

Explanation

The Japanese noun '画家 (がか)' refers to a person who creates paintings, typically as a profession or serious hobby. This term is used for artists who work in various painting styles and mediums. For example: He is a famous painter「彼は有名な画家です」(かれはゆうめいながかです). I want to become a painter「私は画家になりたいです」(わたしはがかになりたいです). The word '画家' specifically emphasizes the act of painting, distinguishing it from other types of artists like sculptors or illustrators.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4853

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Saturday

Reading

Kanji

曜Weekday 土Soil

Explanation

The Japanese noun '土曜 (どよう)' refers to 'Saturday', the seventh day of the week. It is commonly used in contexts related to scheduling, planning, or discussing days of the week. For example: I have a meeting on Saturday「土曜に会議があります」(どようにかいぎがあります). Saturday is my day off「土曜は休みです」(どようはやすみです). The word is often paired with other time-related terms, such as '土曜日 (どようび)', which also means 'Saturday' but is slightly more formal.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4879

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rich

Reading

Kanji

金Gold 持Hold

Explanation

The Japanese noun '金持ち (かねもち)' means 'rich' or 'wealthy'. It refers to someone who possesses a significant amount of money or wealth. This term is often used to describe individuals who have financial abundance. For example: he is rich「彼は金持ちだ」(かれはかねもちだ). That family is wealthy「あの家族は金持ちだ」(あのかぞくはかねもちだ). The word is a combination of '金 (かね)', meaning 'money', and '持ち (もち)', meaning 'holding' or 'possessing'. It is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to describe financial status.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4895

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Waterworks

Reading

Kanji

道Way 水Water

Explanation

The Japanese noun '水道 (すいどう)' refers to a water supply system or waterworks. It is commonly used to describe the infrastructure that provides water to homes, businesses, and public spaces. This term can also refer to the pipes and facilities that make up the water distribution system. For example: The waterworks in this city are very efficient「この街の水道はとても効率的です」(このまちのすいどうはとてもこうりつてきです). Please pay the water bill「水道料金を払ってください」(すいどうりょうきんをはらってください). The word is often used in contexts related to utilities, infrastructure, and daily life.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4896

Composition

kanji

Handwriting