Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Kanji School Grade

word

Meaning

Break, Fold

Reading

Kanji

折Bend, Fold

Explanation

The Japanese verb '折る (おる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to break', often used when something snaps or is physically broken, such as a branch or a bone. For example: I broke a branch「枝を折った」(えだをおった). The second meaning is 'to fold', used when bending something, like paper or fabric, to create a crease. For example: She folded the paper「彼女は紙を折った」(かのじょはかみをおった). The context usually clarifies which meaning is intended. Note that this verb is transitive and requires an object.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6119

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pitiful

Reading

Kanji

気Spirit 毒Poison

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '気の毒 (きのどく)' means 'pitiful' or 'feeling sorry for someone'. It is used to express sympathy or compassion for someone's unfortunate situation. This word often conveys a sense of regret or sadness about another person's hardship. For example: I feel sorry for him「彼が気の毒だ」(かれがきのどくだ). It's a pity that she lost her job「彼女が仕事を失ったのは気の毒だ」(かのじょがしごとをうしなったのはきのどくだ). Note that '気の毒' is often used in situations where the speaker empathizes with someone else's misfortune.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6133

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Interest

Reading

Kanji

利Profit, Advantage 息Breath

Explanation

The Japanese noun '利息 (りそく)' refers to 'interest' in the financial sense, specifically the amount of money charged for borrowing or earned from lending money. It is commonly used in contexts related to banking, loans, and investments. For example: The bank charges high interest「銀行は高い利息を取る」(ぎんこうはたかいりそくをとる). I earned interest on my savings「貯金に利息がついた」(ちょきんにりそくがついた). This term is neutral and can be used in both positive and negative contexts depending on whether one is paying or receiving interest.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6147

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Follower, Believer

Reading

Kanji

信Trust 者Someone

Explanation

The Japanese noun '信者 (しんじゃ)' refers to a person who believes in or follows a particular religion, ideology, or figure. It is commonly used in the context of religious faith, but can also extend to passionate supporters of a cause, movement, or even a celebrity. For example: He is a believer of Buddhism「彼は仏教の信者です」(かれはぶっきょうのしんじゃです). She is a devoted follower of that artist「彼女はそのアーティストの熱心な信者です」(かのじょはそのアーティストのねっしんなしんじゃです). Note that while 'believer' and 'follower' are closely related, they can sometimes emphasize different aspects—'believer' focuses on faith, while 'follower' emphasizes loyalty or support.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6156

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tie, Bond

Reading

Kanji

結Tie, Bind

Explanation

The Japanese noun '結び (むすび)' primarily means 'tie' or 'bond'. It refers to the act of tying something together or the connection between people or things. For example: the tie of friendship「友情の結び」(ゆうじょうのむすび). This word can also be used in the context of traditional Japanese culture, such as the '結び' in Shinto rituals, which symbolizes a spiritual bond. Another example: the knot in the rope is tight「ロープの結びは固い」(ロープのむすびはかたい). Note that '結び' can also refer to the end or conclusion of something, such as the final part of a story or event.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6159

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Minimum

Reading

Kanji

最Most 小Small

Explanation

The Japanese noun '最小 (さいしょう)' means 'minimum'. It refers to the smallest possible amount, degree, or size of something. This term is often used in mathematical, scientific, or technical contexts to denote the least quantity or the lower limit of a range. For example: the minimum value is 10「最小値は10です」(さいしょうちは10です). We need to find the minimum cost「最小のコストを見つける必要があります」(さいしょうのコストをみつけるひつようがあります). It can also be used in everyday contexts to describe the least amount of effort or resources required for a task.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6164

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Routine

Reading

Kanji

日Day, Sun 課Section, Lesson

Explanation

The Japanese noun '日課 (にっか)' refers to a daily routine or a task that is performed regularly every day. It is often used to describe habitual activities or duties that are part of one's everyday life. For example: my daily routine is to go for a run「私の日課はランニングです」(わたしのにっかはらんにんぐです). Reading the newspaper is part of his daily routine「新聞を読むことが彼の日課です」(しんぶんをよむことがかれのにっかです). The word emphasizes the regularity and consistency of the activity, making it a fundamental part of one's day.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6170

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unnatural

Reading

Kanji

不Not 自Self 然Sort of thing, In that case

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不自然 (ふしぜん)' means 'unnatural'. It is used to describe something that does not seem natural, or that appears forced, artificial, or out of place. This word can be applied to a wide range of contexts, such as behavior, appearances, or phenomena. For example: His smile looked unnatural「彼の笑顔は不自然だった」(かれのえがおはふしぜんだった). The way the tree grew seemed unnatural「その木の生え方は不自然だった」(そのきのはえかたはふしぜんだった). Note that '不自然' can also imply a sense of discomfort or oddness, as in '不自然な静けさ (ふしぜんなしずけさ) (unnatural silence)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6174

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Discomfort

Reading

Kanji

不Not 自Self 由Reason

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '不自由 (ふじゆう)' primarily means 'discomfort' or 'inconvenience'. It refers to a state of being unable to do something freely or comfortably, often due to physical, mental, or situational constraints. This word is commonly used to describe a lack of freedom or difficulty in performing actions. For example: He feels discomfort due to his injury「彼はけがで不自由を感じている」(かれはけがでふじゆうをかんじている). Living without electricity is inconvenient「電気がない生活は不自由だ」(でんきがないせいかつはふじゆうだ). The word can also imply a sense of dependency or limitation, such as in the phrase '不自由な体 (ふじゆうなからだ)', meaning 'a body with disabilities'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6175

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Communication

Reading

Kanji

通Commute, Pass 信Trust

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '通信 (つうしん)' primarily means 'communication'. It refers to the exchange of information between individuals, groups, or devices. This term is often used in contexts involving telecommunications, internet communication, or any form of data transmission. For example: The internet enables global communication「インターネットは世界の通信を可能にする」(インターネットはせかいのつうしんをかのうにする). We lost communication with the satellite「衛星との通信が途絶えた」(えいせいとのつうしんがとだえた). It's important to note that '通信' can also imply a continuous or ongoing exchange of information, not just a single instance.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6176

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mysterious

Reading

Kanji

不Not 思Think 議Deliberation

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不思議 (ふしぎ)' means 'mysterious' or 'strange'. It is used to describe something that is difficult to understand or explain, often evoking a sense of wonder or curiosity. This word can be applied to phenomena, events, or even feelings. For example: The story was mysterious「その話は不思議だった」(そのはなしはふしぎだった). I find it strange that he didn't come「彼が来なかったのは不思議だ」(かれがこなかったのはふしぎだ). The word can also be used in a more positive sense to describe something fascinating or awe-inspiring, such as in '不思議な世界 (ふしぎなせかい) (a mysterious world)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6195

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Solidify, Harden

Reading

Kanji

固Hard

Explanation

The Japanese verb '固まる (かたまる)' primarily means 'to harden' or 'to solidify'. It is used to describe the process of something becoming physically solid or firm, such as concrete hardening or jelly setting. It can also be used metaphorically to describe situations or plans becoming fixed or settled. For example: The cement has hardened「セメントが固まった」(セメントがかたまった). Our plans have solidified「私たちの計画が固まった」(わたしたちのけいかくがかたまった). The verb can also imply a sense of stability or becoming unchangeable, as in opinions or relationships solidifying over time.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6201

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unique

Reading

Kanji

特Special 有Exist

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '特有 (とくゆう)' means 'unique' or 'peculiar to'. It is used to describe something that is characteristic or distinctive to a particular thing, place, or group. This adjective often implies that the characteristic is not found elsewhere or is specific to the subject being described. For example: This plant is unique to Japan「この植物は日本特有です」(このしょくぶつはにほんとくゆうです). The culture has its own unique customs「その文化には特有の習慣がある」(そのぶんかにはとくゆうのしゅうかんがある).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6231

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Particularly, Separately

Reading

Kanji

別Separate

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '別に (べつに)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'particularly' or 'especially', often used in negative contexts to downplay something. For example: I don't particularly care「別に気にしない」(べつにきにしない). The second meaning is 'separately' or 'apart', indicating something is distinct or independent. For example: These are handled separately「これらは別に扱われる」(これらはべつにあつかわれる). The nuance of '別に' often conveys a sense of indifference or distinction, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6232

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Farewell

Reading

Kanji

送Send 別Separate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '送別 (そうべつ)' refers to the act of seeing someone off or bidding them farewell, often used in the context of someone leaving a workplace, school, or community. It is commonly associated with formal or ceremonial farewells, such as farewell parties or events. For example: We held a farewell party for our colleague「私たちは同僚の送別会を開きました」(わたしたちはどうりょうのそうべつかいをひらきました). The school organized a farewell ceremony for the graduating students「学校は卒業生の送別式を行いました」(がっこうはそつぎょうせいのそうべつしきをおこないました). This term is often used in formal or professional settings and carries a sense of respect and formality.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6234

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Farewell

Reading

Kanji

送Send 別Separate 会Meet

Explanation

The Japanese noun '送別会 (そうべつかい)' refers to a 'farewell party' or 'send-off gathering'. It is a common social event held to bid farewell to someone who is leaving, such as a colleague transferring to another location, a friend moving abroad, or a student graduating. The event typically involves speeches, gifts, and sometimes entertainment to express good wishes for the person's future. For example: We held a farewell party for our teacher「先生の送別会を開きました」(せんせいのそうべつかいをひらきました). I attended a farewell party last night「昨夜、送別会に出席しました」(さくや、そうべつかいにしゅっせきしました). The term emphasizes the communal aspect of saying goodbye and is deeply rooted in Japanese social customs.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6235

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Comprehensive

Reading

Kanji

全Whole, All 面Face, Surface 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '全面的 (ぜんめんてき)' means 'comprehensive' or 'all-encompassing'. It is used to describe something that covers all aspects or is done in a thorough and complete manner. This word is often used in contexts such as support, agreement, or changes that are complete and without reservation. For example: The company gave comprehensive support to the project「会社はそのプロジェクトに全面的な支援をした」(かいしゃはそのプロジェクトにぜんめんてきなしえんをした). He fully agreed with the proposal「彼はその提案に全面的に同意した」(かれはそのていあんにぜんめんてきにどういした). It can also imply a sense of totality or completeness in actions or decisions.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6247

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Intellectual

Reading

Kanji

知Know 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '知的 (ちてき)' means 'intellectual' and is used to describe something or someone that is related to intelligence, knowledge, or the mind. It often carries a nuance of sophistication or being well-informed. For example: She has an intellectual appearance「彼女は知的な雰囲気を持っている」(かのじょはちてきなふんいきをもっている). This book is intellectually stimulating「この本は知的に刺激的だ」(このほんはちてきにしげきてきだ). The word is commonly used in contexts involving education, culture, or mental activities.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6249

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Destination

Reading

Kanji

目Eye 的Target 地Ground

Explanation

The Japanese noun '目的地 (もくてきち)' means 'destination'. It refers to the place to which someone or something is going or being sent. This word is commonly used in travel contexts, such as when discussing the endpoint of a journey or trip. For example: The destination is still far away「目的地はまだ遠い」(もくてきちはまだとおい). We arrived at our destination「目的地に着きました」(もくてきちにつきました). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe a goal or objective, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6250

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cultural

Reading

Kanji

文Sentence 化Change 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '文化的 (ぶんかてき)' means 'cultural'. It is used to describe something related to culture, such as cultural activities, cultural heritage, or cultural differences. This term is often used in formal or academic contexts to discuss aspects of culture. For example: This event has cultural significance「このイベントは文化的に重要です」(このイベントはぶんかてきにじゅうようです). We need to respect cultural differences「文化的な違いを尊重する必要があります」(ぶんかてきなちがいをそんちょうするひつようがあります). The adjective is typically used to modify nouns, as in '文化的活動 (ぶんかてきかつどう) (cultural activities)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6252

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Art

Reading

Kanji

芸Art, Performance

Explanation

The Japanese noun '芸 (げい)' refers to 'art' or 'performance'. It is often used to describe artistic skills, performances, or crafts, particularly in traditional Japanese contexts. For example: she is skilled in traditional Japanese arts「彼女は伝統的な日本の芸に熟練している」(かのじょはでんとうてきなにほんのげいにじゅくれんしている). The geisha performed a beautiful art「芸者が美しい芸を披露した」(げいしゃがうつくしいげいをひろうした). This word can also refer to specific skills or techniques, such as in martial arts or other disciplines. It carries a connotation of refinement and mastery.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6256

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Issuance

Reading

Kanji

交Mix 付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese noun '交付 (こうふ)' refers to the act of issuing, delivering, or distributing something officially, such as documents, certificates, or permits. It is often used in formal or bureaucratic contexts. For example: The issuance of the passport was delayed「パスポートの交付が遅れた」(パスポートのこうふがおくれた). The government issued new guidelines「政府は新しいガイドラインを交付した」(せいふはあたらしいガイドラインをこうふした). This term is commonly associated with official procedures and formal documentation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6258

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Complaint

Reading

Kanji

不Not 平Flat

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不平 (ふへい)' means 'complaint' or 'dissatisfaction'. It is used to express discontent or grievances about a situation, often implying that the speaker feels unfairly treated. This word can be used in various contexts, such as personal, social, or workplace situations. For example: he has a complaint about his salary「彼は給料について不平がある」(かれはきゅうりょうについてふへいがある). She always complains about everything「彼女はいつも何かについて不平を言っている」(かのじょはいつもなにかについてふへいをいっている). Note that '不平' often carries a slightly negative connotation, suggesting a persistent or unreasonable dissatisfaction.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6272

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Smooth

Reading

Kanji

順Order, Obey 調Investigate, Tune

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '順調 (じゅんちょう)' means 'smooth' or 'favorable'. It is used to describe a situation, process, or condition that is progressing well without any problems. It often implies that things are going according to plan or as expected. For example: The project is going smoothly「プロジェクトは順調に進んでいます」(ぷろじぇくとはじゅんちょうにすすんでいます). Her recovery is going well「彼女の回復は順調です」(かのじょのかいふくはじゅんちょうです). This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to describe positive progress.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6278

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Barrier

Reading

Kanji

関Barrier, Related

Explanation

The Japanese noun '関 (せき)' primarily means 'barrier' or 'checkpoint'. Historically, it refers to a physical barrier or checkpoint, often used in feudal Japan to control the movement of people and goods. In modern usage, it can also metaphorically represent obstacles or hurdles in various contexts. Example sentences: The barrier was closed「関が閉まっていた」(せきがしまっていた). He overcame many barriers in his life「彼は人生で多くの関を乗り越えた」(かれはじんせいでおおくのせきをのりこえた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6282

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Inequality

Reading

Kanji

不Not 平Flat 等Equal

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不平等 (ふびょうどう)' means 'inequality'. It is used to describe a state of unfairness or lack of equality, often in social, economic, or legal contexts. For example: There is inequality in the distribution of wealth「富の分配に不平等がある」(とみのぶんぱいにとみのぶんぱいにふびょうどうがある). The law is unequal「その法律は不平等だ」(そのほうりつはふびょうどうだ). This term can also be used to describe unequal treatment or conditions in various situations, such as in relationships or opportunities.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6292

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Borrowing

Reading

Kanji

借Borrow, Rent 入Enter

Explanation

The Japanese noun '借り入れ (かりいれ)' refers to the act of borrowing, particularly in the context of money or loans. It is commonly used in financial or business settings to describe the process of obtaining funds from a lender. For example: The company secured a loan「会社は借り入れをした」(かいしゃはかりいれをした). He is considering borrowing money「彼は借り入れを考えている」(かれはかりいれをかんがえている). This term emphasizes the formal or contractual nature of borrowing, often involving repayment terms and interest.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6301

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Desperately

Reading

Kanji

必Inevitable, Certain 死Death

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '必死に (ひっしに)' means 'desperately' or 'with all one's might'. It is used to describe actions performed with extreme effort, urgency, or determination, often in situations where failure is not an option. This word carries a strong sense of urgency and can be used in both positive and negative contexts. For example: He desperately tried to escape「彼は必死に逃げようとした」(かれはひっしににげようとした). She studied desperately for the exam「彼女は試験のために必死に勉強した」(かのじょはしけんのためにひっしにべんきょうした). The word can also imply a sense of life-or-death seriousness, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6309

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Voyage

Reading

Kanji

航Sail, Navigate 海Sea

Explanation

The Japanese noun '航海 (こうかい)' refers to a voyage or a journey by sea. It is commonly used to describe long trips across oceans or seas, often involving ships or boats. This term can be used in both literal and metaphorical contexts. For example: The ship set sail on a long voyage「船は長い航海に出た」(ふねはながいこうかいにでた). He embarked on a voyage of self-discovery「彼は自己発見の航海に出た」(かれはじこはっけんのこうかいにでた). The word emphasizes the idea of traveling over water, often with a sense of adventure or exploration.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6332

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Meaningless

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing 意Idea 味Flavor

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '無意味 (むいみ)' means 'meaningless'. It is used to describe something that lacks purpose, significance, or value. This word is often used in contexts where actions, words, or events are perceived as futile or without any meaningful outcome. For example: His efforts were meaningless「彼の努力は無意味だった」(かれのどりょくはむいみだった). This conversation is meaningless「この会話は無意味だ」(このかいわはむいみだ). The word can also be used to describe abstract concepts, such as life or existence, when they are perceived as lacking purpose. Note that '無意味' is often used in a negative or critical tone, so it should be used carefully depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6339

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Carelessness

Reading

Kanji

不Not 注Pour 意Idea

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不注意 (ふちゅうい)' means 'carelessness' or 'lack of attention'. It is used to describe a state of being inattentive or negligent, often leading to mistakes or accidents. This word is commonly used in contexts where someone fails to pay proper attention to details or safety. For example: His carelessness caused the accident「彼の不注意が事故を引き起こした」(かれのふちゅういがじこをひきおこした). She was scolded for her carelessness「彼女は不注意を叱られた」(かのじょはふちゅういをしかられた). The word can also be used to describe a general trait, as in '彼は不注意な人だ (かれはふちゅういなひとだ) (He is a careless person).'

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6340

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Both sides

Reading

Kanji

両Both 側Side

Explanation

The Japanese noun '両側 (りょうがわ)' means 'both sides'. It is used to refer to the two sides of something, such as a road, a river, or an object. This word is often used in contexts where it is important to specify that something applies to or is present on both sides. For example: There are trees on both sides of the road「道路の両側に木があります」(どうろのりょうがわにきがあります). Please stand on both sides of the line「線の両側に立ってください」(せんのりょうがわにたってください). The word is commonly used in everyday conversation as well as in more formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6353

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Airliner

Reading

Kanji

旅Travel 客Guest, Customer 機Machine, Opportunity

Explanation

The Japanese noun '旅客機 (りょかくき)' refers to a commercial passenger aircraft, commonly known as an 'airliner'. This term is used specifically for large airplanes designed to transport passengers on scheduled flights. It is a compound word combining '旅客 (りょかく)' meaning 'passenger' and '機 (き)' meaning 'machine' or 'aircraft'. Example sentences: The airliner departed from Narita Airport「旅客機は成田空港から出発しました」(りょかくきはなりたくうこうからしゅっぱつしました). This airliner can carry over 300 passengers「この旅客機は300人以上の乗客を運べます」(このりょかくきはさんびゃくにんいじょうのじょうきゃくをはこべます).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6357

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Clumsy

Reading

Kanji

不Not 器Vessel 用Use

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不器用 (ぶきよう)' means 'clumsy'. It describes someone who lacks skill or dexterity, often in physical tasks or social interactions. This term can also imply a lack of finesse or awkwardness in handling situations. For example: He is clumsy with his hands「彼は手先が不器用だ」(かれはてさきがぶきようだ). She is clumsy at expressing her feelings「彼女は感情を表現するのが不器用だ」(かのじょはかんじょうをひょうげんするのがぶきようだ). The word can carry a slightly endearing or sympathetic tone, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6358

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unfair

Reading

Kanji

不Not 公Public 平Flat

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不公平 (ふこうへい)' means 'unfair'. It describes situations, actions, or systems that lack fairness or equality. This term is often used in discussions about justice, treatment, or distribution of resources. For example: The decision was unfair「その決定は不公平だった」(そのけっていはふこうへいだった). The rules are unfair to beginners「そのルールは初心者には不公平だ」(そのルールはしょしんしゃにはふこうへいだ). It can also be used in broader contexts, such as societal issues or personal relationships, to highlight inequity or bias.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6360

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Illegal

Reading

Kanji

不Not 法Law, Method

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不法 (ふほう)' means 'illegal'. It is used to describe actions, activities, or behaviors that are against the law or not permitted by legal standards. This term is often used in formal or legal contexts. For example: illegal parking「不法駐車」(ふほうちゅうしゃ). Illegal immigration「不法入国」(ふほうにゅうこく). It can also be used to describe something that is morally or ethically wrong, though its primary usage is in legal contexts.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6363

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Feature, Characteristic

Reading

Kanji

特Special 色Color

Explanation

The Japanese noun '特色 (とくしょく)' refers to a distinctive feature or characteristic that sets something apart. It is often used to describe unique qualities of objects, places, or concepts. For example: The city's feature is its beautiful scenery「その街の特色は美しい景色です」(そのまちのとくしょくはうつくしいけしきです). This product's characteristic is its durability「この製品の特色は耐久性です」(このせいひんのとくしょくはたいきゅうせいです). The word is commonly used in formal or descriptive contexts to highlight what makes something special or different.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6367

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cool

Reading

Kanji

冷Cold

Explanation

The Japanese verb '冷やす (ひやす)' means 'to cool' or 'to chill'. It is used to describe the action of making something colder, often in a literal sense, such as cooling food or drinks. For example: I will cool the beer「ビールを冷やします」(びーるをひやします). Please chill the watermelon「スイカを冷やしてください」(すいかをひやしてください). This verb can also be used metaphorically, such as cooling down emotions or a situation. For instance: He cooled his anger「彼は怒りを冷やした」(かれはおこりをひやした). Note that '冷やす' is transitive and requires a direct object.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6370

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Jump

Reading

Kanji

飛Fly 上Up

Explanation

The Japanese verb '飛び上がる (とびあがる)' means 'to jump up' or 'to leap up'. It is often used to describe a sudden, energetic upward movement, either physically or metaphorically. For example: The cat jumped up when it heard the noise「猫は音を聞いて飛び上がった」(ねこはおとをきいてとびあがった). He jumped up in surprise「彼は驚いて飛び上がった」(かれはおどろいてとびあがった). This verb can also be used to express excitement or shock, as in '飛び上がるほど嬉しい (とびあがるほどうれしい)' (so happy that one could jump for joy).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6373

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Jump down

Reading

Kanji

飛Fly 下Down

Explanation

The Japanese verb '飛び下りる (とびおりる)' means 'to jump down'. This verb is used to describe the action of jumping from a higher place to a lower place. It often implies a deliberate or sudden action, and can be used in both literal and figurative contexts. For example: he jumped down from the roof「彼は屋根から飛び下りた」(かれはやねからとびおりた). The bird jumped down from the tree「鳥は木から飛び下りた」(とりはきからとびおりた). In a figurative sense, it can be used to describe someone making a sudden decision or taking a bold action, such as quitting a job or leaving a situation abruptly.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6374

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Flight

Reading

Kanji

飛Fly 行Go

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '飛行 (ひこう)' means 'flight'. It refers to the act or process of flying, typically by an aircraft, bird, or other flying object. This term is commonly used in contexts related to aviation, travel, or nature. For example: The flight was smooth「飛行はスムーズでした」(ひこうはスムーズでした). Birds are capable of flight「鳥は飛行ができる」(とりはひこうができる). It can also be used in compound words, such as '飛行機 (ひこうき)' (airplane) or '宇宙飛行 (うちゅうひこう)' (spaceflight).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6375

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Incomplete

Reading

Kanji

不Not 完Complete 全Whole, All

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不完全 (ふかんぜん)' means 'incomplete'. It is used to describe something that is not fully developed, finished, or perfect. This term can be applied to objects, ideas, systems, or processes. For example: The plan is incomplete「その計画は不完全だ」(そのけいかくはふかんぜんだ). His understanding of the topic is incomplete「彼のその話題の理解は不完全だ」(かれのそのわだいのりかいはふかんぜんだ). The word can also imply a sense of imperfection or deficiency, often used in contexts where something is lacking or not fully realized.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6379

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Expression

Reading

Kanji

顔Face 付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese noun '顔付き (かおつき)' refers to a person's facial expression or the look on their face. It is often used to describe the emotions or mood someone is conveying through their face. For example: She had a worried expression「彼女は心配そうな顔付きをしていた」(かのじょはしんぱいそうなかおつきをしていた). His expression changed when he heard the news「彼はそのニュースを聞いて顔付きが変わった」(かれはそのニュースをきいてかおつきがかわった). This word can also imply the overall impression or demeanor someone gives off through their facial appearance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6382

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Interest

Reading

Kanji

利Profit, Advantage 子Child

Explanation

The Japanese noun '利子 (りし)' refers to 'interest', specifically the interest accrued on money, such as in savings accounts or loans. It is a financial term used in contexts involving banking, investments, or borrowing. For example: The interest on this loan is high「このローンの利子は高い」(このローンのりしはたかい). I earned interest from my savings「貯金から利子をもらった」(ちょきんからりしをもらった). Note that '利子' is often used interchangeably with '利息 (りそく)', though '利子' is more commonly used in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6386

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Achievement

Reading

Kanji

達Attain, Plural 成Become

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '達成 (たっせい)' means 'achievement' or 'attainment'. It refers to the successful completion of a goal, task, or objective. This word is often used in contexts where someone has worked hard to accomplish something significant. For example: The achievement of the goal was celebrated「目標の達成が祝われた」(もくひょうのたっせいがいわわれた). She felt a sense of achievement after finishing the project「彼女はプロジェクトを終えて達成感を感じた」(かのじょはプロジェクトをおえてたっせいかんをかんじた). It is commonly used in both personal and professional settings to describe the fulfillment of ambitions or targets.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6389

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Minor

Reading

Kanji

未Not yet 成Become 年Year

Explanation

The Japanese noun '未成年 (みせいねん)' refers to a person who is under the legal age of majority, typically under 20 years old in Japan. This term is often used in legal, social, and formal contexts to describe individuals who have not yet reached adulthood. For example: Minors cannot vote「未成年は投票できません」(みせいねんはとうひょうできません). The store does not sell alcohol to minors「その店は未成年に酒を売りません」(そのみせはみせいねんにさけをうりません). The term is also used in discussions about laws, rights, and responsibilities pertaining to young people.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6391

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lose

Reading

Kanji

敗Defeat

Explanation

The Japanese verb '敗れる (やぶれる)' means 'to lose' in the context of a competition, battle, or contest. It is often used to describe defeat in sports, games, or conflicts. This verb carries a nuance of being defeated by an opponent rather than simply failing. For example: They lost the match「彼らは試合に敗れた」(かれらはしあいにやぶれた). The army was defeated in the battle「軍隊は戦いに敗れた」(ぐんたいはたたかいにやぶれた). Note that this verb is typically used in formal or serious contexts and is less common in casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6392

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wrongdoing

Reading

Kanji

不Not 正Correct

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不正 (ふせい)' refers to 'wrongdoing' or 'unjust' behavior. It is often used to describe actions that are dishonest, illegal, or unethical. This term is commonly used in contexts such as fraud, corruption, or any form of misconduct. For example: He was involved in wrongdoing「彼は不正に関わっていた」(かれはふせいにかかわっていた). The company was accused of unjust practices「その会社は不正行為で告発された」(そのかいしゃはふせいこういでこくはつされた). The word can also be used to describe something that is incorrect or improper, such as '不正な方法 (ふせいなほうほう)' (improper method).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6406

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Survive

Reading

Kanji

生Life 残Remainder

Explanation

The Japanese verb '生き残る (いきのこる)' means 'to survive'. It is used to describe the act of remaining alive or continuing to exist after a difficult or dangerous situation. This verb often implies overcoming challenges or enduring hardships. For example: He survived the accident「彼は事故を生き残った」(かれはじこをいきのこった). Only a few species survived the ice age「わずかな種だけが氷河期を生き残った」(わずかなしゅだけがひょうがきをいきのこった). The verb can also be used metaphorically to describe enduring in a competitive environment, such as in business or sports.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6413

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vow

Reading

Kanji

本Book, Origin 願Request, Wish

Explanation

The Japanese noun '本願 (ほんがん)' refers to a 'vow' or 'original vow', particularly in a religious or spiritual context. It is often used in Buddhism to describe the vows made by a Buddha or Bodhisattva to save all sentient beings. For example: Amida Buddha's original vow「阿弥陀仏の本願」(あみだぶつのほんがん). The monk spoke about the importance of the vow「僧侶は本願の重要性について話した」(そうりょはほんがんのじゅうようせいについてはなした). This term carries a deep spiritual significance and is commonly encountered in religious texts and discussions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6419

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Monotonous

Reading

Kanji

単Simple, Single 調Investigate, Tune

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '単調 (たんちょう)' means 'monotonous'. It is used to describe something that lacks variety, is repetitive, or is unchanging in tone, pattern, or style. This word is often used to describe routines, sounds, or tasks that become boring due to their repetitive nature. For example: The lecture was monotonous「その講義は単調だった」(そのこうぎはたんちょうだった). The sound of the machine is monotonous「その機械の音は単調だ」(そのきかいのおとはたんちょうだ). It can also describe a flat or unvarying tone in speech or music.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6425

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Seasoning

Reading

Kanji

調Investigate, Tune 味Flavor 料Materials, Fee

Explanation

The Japanese noun '調味料 (ちょうみりょう)' refers to 'seasoning' or 'condiments' used in cooking to enhance the flavor of food. It encompasses a wide range of items, including salt, pepper, soy sauce, vinegar, and more. For example: I bought some seasoning at the store「店で調味料を買いました」(みせでちょうみりょうをかいました). This dish needs more seasoning「この料理はもっと調味料が必要です」(このりょうりはもっとちょうみりょうがひつようです). The term is commonly used in culinary contexts and is essential for discussing cooking and food preparation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6429

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Adjustment

Reading

Kanji

調Investigate, Tune 節Season, Node

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '調節 (ちょうせつ)' means 'adjustment'. It refers to the act of regulating, controlling, or fine-tuning something to achieve a desired state or condition. This word is commonly used in contexts involving mechanical devices, environmental conditions, or personal habits. For example: I adjusted the temperature「温度を調節した」(おんどをちょうせつした). He adjusted the volume of the music「彼は音楽の音量を調節した」(かれはおんがくのおんりょうをちょうせつした). It can also be used metaphorically, such as adjusting one's schedule or lifestyle.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6444

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Answer, Test paper

Reading

Kanji

答Answer 案Plan, Proposal

Explanation

The Japanese noun '答案 (とうあん)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning refers to an 'answer' or 'solution' to a problem, often in an academic or test context. The second meaning refers to a 'test paper' or 'exam sheet' itself, which includes the questions and the space for answers. For example: Please submit your answer sheet「答案を提出してください」(とうあんをていしゅつしてください). The teacher checked the answers on the test paper「先生は答案の答えを確認した」(せんせいはとうあんのこたえをかくにんした). The word is commonly used in educational settings and is important for understanding academic contexts in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6446

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Voting

Reading

Kanji

投Throw 票Vote, Ballot

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '投票 (とうひょう)' means 'voting'. It refers to the act of casting a vote, typically in an election or decision-making process. This word is commonly used in contexts related to elections, referendums, or any situation where a formal decision is made through votes. For example: I will participate in the voting「私は投票に参加します」(わたしはとうひょうにさんかします). The voting results were announced「投票結果が発表された」(とうひょうけっかがはっぴょうされた). It is important to note that '投票' is often used in formal or official contexts and is a key term in discussions about democracy and governance.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6447

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Consecutive days

Reading

Kanji

連Take along 日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '連日 (れんじつ)' refers to a period of consecutive days, often implying that something has been happening repeatedly or continuously over those days. It is commonly used to describe events, activities, or conditions that persist without interruption. For example: The heatwave continued for consecutive days「連日猛暑が続いた」(れんじつもうしょがつづいた). The team worked hard for consecutive days「連日チームは頑張った」(れんじつチームはがんばった). This word emphasizes the continuity and repetition of an event or situation over a span of days.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6448

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Holiday

Reading

Kanji

連Take along 休Rest

Explanation

The Japanese noun '連休 (れんきゅう)' refers to a 'consecutive holiday' or a 'long weekend'. It is commonly used to describe a series of days off work or school that are connected, such as national holidays or vacation periods. For example: I enjoyed the long holiday「連休を楽しんだ」(れんきゅうをたのしんだ). The next consecutive holiday is in May「次の連休は5月です」(つぎのれんきゅうはごがつです). This term is often used in contexts related to travel, relaxation, or planning events during extended breaks.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6449

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Function

Reading

Kanji

関Barrier, Related 数Number

Explanation

The Japanese noun '関数 (かんすう)' means 'function'. In mathematics and programming, it refers to a relation or expression involving one or more variables. For example: this function calculates the area「この関数は面積を計算する」(このかんすうはめんせきをけいさんする). The function returns a value「関数は値を返す」(かんすうはあたいをかえす). It is commonly used in technical contexts, particularly in mathematics, computer science, and engineering.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6450

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Light

Reading

Kanji

灯Light, Lamp

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '灯 (とう)' means 'light' and is often used in compound words related to lighting or illumination. It is derived from the kanji 灯, which represents a lamp or light source. This suffix is commonly found in words like '街灯 (がいとう)' (streetlight) or '信号灯 (しんごうとう)' (traffic light). For example: The streetlight is bright「街灯が明るい」(がいとうがあかるい). The traffic light turned red「信号灯が赤になった」(しんごうとうがあかになった). Note that 灯 is rarely used as a standalone word and typically appears as part of compound nouns.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6456

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Companion

Reading

Kanji

連Take along

Explanation

The Japanese noun '連れ (つれ)' refers to a companion or someone who accompanies another person. It is often used to describe someone you are with, such as a friend, family member, or partner, in a specific context or situation. For example: She came with her companion「彼女は連れと来た」(かのじょはつれときた). I went to the park with my companion「私は連れと公園に行った」(わたしはつれとこうえんにいった). The word can also imply a sense of togetherness or shared experience. It is commonly used in casual and formal settings alike.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6459

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Continuation

Reading

Kanji

連Take along 続Continue

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '連続 (れんぞく)' means 'continuation' or 'succession'. It refers to a series of events or actions that occur one after another without interruption. This term is often used in contexts where there is a sequence or chain of occurrences, such as in television series, events, or natural phenomena. For example: The TV drama has a continuous broadcast「そのテレビドラマは連続放送です」(そのテレビドラマはれんぞくほうそうです). There was a continuous series of earthquakes「連続して地震が起こりました」(れんぞくしてじしんがおこりました). It can also be used to describe a continuous state or condition, emphasizing the unbroken nature of the sequence.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6461

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Continuously, One after another

Reading

Kanji

続Continue

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '続々 (ぞくぞく)' is used to describe something happening in a continuous or uninterrupted manner, or things occurring one after another in quick succession. It often conveys a sense of steady flow or progression. For example: people are arriving one after another「人が続々と到着している」(ひとがぞくぞくととうちゃくしている). New products are being released continuously「新製品が続々と発売されている」(しんせいひんがぞくぞくとはつばいされている). This adverb is commonly used in contexts where there is a steady or rapid influx of people, items, or events.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6463

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lasting

Reading

Kanji

長Long, Leader 続Continue

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '長続き (ながつづき)' refers to something that continues or endures for a long time. It is often used to describe relationships, habits, or situations that persist over an extended period. For example: Their relationship lasted a long time「彼らの関係は長続きした」(かれらのかんけいはながつづきした). This diet plan is hard to maintain「このダイエットプランは長続きしにくい」(このダイエットプランはながつづきしにくい). The term emphasizes the idea of continuity and sustainability, often implying a positive connotation when something remains stable or effective over time.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6464

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Recording

Reading

Kanji

録Record 画Picture

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '録画 (ろくが)' refers to the act of recording video or visual content, typically for television, movies, or other media. It is commonly used in contexts involving recording devices, such as DVRs or cameras. For example: I set the recording for the show「番組の録画を設定した」(ばんぐみのろくがをせっていした). The recording failed due to a power outage「停電で録画が失敗した」(ていでんろくががしっぱいした). This term is often used in technical or everyday contexts related to media consumption and storage.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6478

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Recording tape

Reading

Kanji

録Record 音Sound

Explanation

The Japanese noun '録音テープ (ろくおんテープ)' refers to a 'recording tape', which is a magnetic tape used for recording audio. This term is often used in contexts related to audio recording, such as music production, voice recording, or archival purposes. Example sentences: I bought a new recording tape「新しい録音テープを買いました」(あたらしいろくおんテープをかいました). The recording tape is full「録音テープがいっぱいです」(ろくおんテープがいっぱいです). This term is somewhat old-fashioned, as digital recording methods have largely replaced magnetic tapes in modern usage.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6479

Composition

kanji-hiragana-katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Registration

Reading

Kanji

登Ascend 録Record

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '登録 (とうろく)' means 'registration'. It refers to the act of officially recording or entering information into a system, list, or database. This term is commonly used in contexts such as signing up for services, registering for events, or enrolling in programs. For example: I completed the registration「登録を完了しました」(とうろくをかんりょうしました). Please register your email address「メールアドレスを登録してください」(メールアドレスをとうろくしてください). The word can also imply formal acknowledgment or certification, as in '登録商標 (とうろくしょうひょう) (registered trademark)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6481

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Indifferent

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing 関Barrier, Related 心Heart

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '無関心 (むかんしん)' means 'indifferent'. It describes a lack of interest, concern, or care about something. This term is often used to express apathy or disinterest in a particular subject, situation, or person. For example: he is indifferent to politics「彼は政治に無関心だ」(かれはせいじにむかんしんだ). She showed no interest in the matter「彼女はその問題に無関心だった」(かのじょはそのもんだいにむかんしんだった). The word can also imply a deliberate choice to ignore or not engage with something. It is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6486

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unrelated

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing 関Barrier, Related 係Person in charge, Connection

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '無関係 (むかんけい)' means 'unrelated'. It is used to describe something that has no connection or relevance to a particular matter or situation. This term is often used in both formal and informal contexts to indicate that a subject is not involved or pertinent. For example: That topic is unrelated to our discussion「その話題は私たちの議論と無関係です」(そのわだいはわたしたちのぎろんとむかんけいです). He is completely unrelated to the incident「彼はその事件と全く無関係です」(かれはそのじけんとまったくむかんけいです). The term can also be used to describe people, events, or objects that are not connected in any way.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6490

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Instrument

Reading

Kanji

楽Music, Pleasure 器Vessel

Explanation

The Japanese noun '楽器 (がっき)' refers to a musical instrument. This term is used to describe any device created or adapted to make musical sounds. It can be used in various contexts, such as discussing music education, performances, or personal hobbies. For example: I play a musical instrument「私は楽器を演奏します」(わたしはがっきをえんそうします). This store sells many musical instruments「この店は多くの楽器を売っています」(このみせはおおくのがっきをうっています). The word '楽器' is commonly used in both formal and informal settings and is essential vocabulary for anyone interested in music.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6491

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Flaw

Reading

Kanji

欠Lack 点Point

Explanation

The Japanese noun '欠点 (けってん)' means 'flaw' or 'defect'. It refers to a shortcoming or imperfection in a person, object, or system. This word is often used in contexts where criticism or improvement is being discussed. For example: His biggest flaw is his impatience「彼の最大の欠点は短気です」(かれのさいだいのけってんはたんきです). This product has a serious flaw「この製品には重大な欠点がある」(このせいひんにはじゅうだいなけってんがある). The word can also be used in a more neutral or self-reflective way, such as when acknowledging one's own weaknesses.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6493

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Meiji

Reading

Kanji

明Bright 治Cure, Reign

Explanation

The Japanese noun '明治 (めいじ)' refers to the Meiji era, a historical period in Japan from 1868 to 1912. This era is significant for marking Japan's rapid modernization and westernization. The term is often used in historical contexts or to describe things related to this period. For example: The Meiji Restoration was a pivotal event「明治維新は重要な出来事だった」(めいじいしんはじゅうようなできごとだった). This building is from the Meiji era「この建物は明治時代のものです」(このたてものはめいじじだいのものです). The word can also be used in names of institutions or products to evoke a sense of tradition or historical significance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6498

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Prefectural

Reading

Kanji

府Government office, Urban prefecture 立Stand

Explanation

The Japanese noun '府立 (ふりつ)' refers to something that is established or operated by a prefecture, specifically in the context of institutions like schools, hospitals, or other public facilities. It is often used in the names of such institutions to indicate their affiliation with a prefecture. For example: prefectural high school「府立高校」(ふりつこうこう). prefectural hospital「府立病院」(ふりつびょういん). The term is commonly used in the Kansai region, particularly in Kyoto and Osaka, where '府' refers to the prefectural-level administrative divisions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6499

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Win

Reading

Kanji

当Hit, Appropriate 選Choose

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '当選 (とうせん)' means 'win' or 'be elected'. It is commonly used in contexts such as winning a prize, lottery, or being elected in a competition or election. For example: I won the lottery「宝くじに当選した」(たからくじにとうせんした). He was elected as the president「彼は社長に当選した」(かれはしゃちょうにとうせんした). The term is often used in formal or official contexts and carries a sense of achievement or success.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6501

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Selection

Reading

Kanji

入Enter 選Choose

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '入選 (にゅうせん)' refers to the act of being selected or chosen, often in the context of competitions, contests, or exhibitions. It implies that someone or something has been chosen from a larger group to be recognized or awarded. For example: Her painting was selected for the exhibition「彼女の絵が入選した」(かのじょのえがにゅうせんした). He was thrilled to be selected for the competition「彼は入選して大喜びだった」(かれはにゅうせんしておおよろこびだった). This term is commonly used in formal or artistic contexts to denote recognition or achievement.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6502

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Higher rank, Superior position

Reading

Kanji

上Up 位Rank

Explanation

The Japanese noun '上位 (じょうい)' refers to a higher rank or superior position within a hierarchy, system, or classification. It is often used in contexts such as rankings, competitions, or organizational structures. For example: He is in a higher rank in the company「彼は会社で上位にいる」(かれはかいしゃでじょういにいる). This product is in the superior position in the market「この製品は市場で上位にある」(このせいひんはしじょうでじょういにある). The word can also be used in abstract contexts, such as '上位概念 (じょういがいねん)' meaning 'superordinate concept'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6505

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Weather

Reading

Kanji

天Heaven 候Climate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '天候 (てんこう)' refers to 'weather'. It is a formal term used to describe the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature, precipitation, wind, and other meteorological conditions. This word is often used in news reports, forecasts, or formal discussions about weather conditions. For example: The weather is bad today「今日の天候は悪い」(きょうのてんこうはわるい). The weather forecast predicts rain「天候予報は雨を予測している」(てんこうよほうはあめをよそくしている). Note that '天候' is more formal than the casual term '天気 (てんき)', which also means 'weather'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6506

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Addition

Reading

Kanji

付Attach 加Join, Add

Explanation

The Japanese noun '付加 (ふか)' means 'addition'. It refers to the act of adding something to an existing entity, often to enhance or supplement it. This word is commonly used in contexts such as business, technology, or everyday situations where something extra is added. For example: The software includes additional features「そのソフトウェアには付加機能がある」(そのソフトウェアにはふかきのうがある). The price includes additional charges「その価格には付加料金が含まれている」(そのかかくにはふかりょうきんがふくまれている). It can also be used in abstract contexts, such as adding value or meaning.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6513

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bringing

Reading

Kanji

持Hold 参Participate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '持参 (じさん)' means 'bringing' or 'carrying something with oneself'. It is commonly used to indicate that someone is bringing an item or object to a specific place or event. This word is often used in formal or polite contexts, such as when attending a meeting, event, or gathering. For example: Please bring your own lunch「お昼ご飯は持参してください」(おひるごはんはじさんしてください). He brought the documents to the meeting「彼は会議に書類を持参した」(かれはかいぎにしょるいをじさんした). The word can also imply preparation or responsibility, as in bringing something necessary or expected.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6521

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Land

Reading

Kanji

陸Land

Explanation

The Japanese noun '陸 (りく)' means 'land' and refers to the solid part of the Earth's surface, as opposed to water or air. It is often used in contexts contrasting land with sea or ocean. For example: The ship approached the land「船が陸に近づいた」(ふねがりくにちかづいた). They traveled from the sea to the land「彼らは海から陸へ移動した」(かれらはうみからりくへいどうした). This word is commonly used in geographical or navigational contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6548

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Chronicle

Reading

Kanji

書Write 紀Chronicle, Era

Explanation

The Japanese noun '書紀 (しょき)' refers to a historical chronicle or record. It is often used in the context of ancient Japanese historical texts, such as the '日本書紀 (にほんしょき)' (Nihon Shoki), which is one of the oldest and most important historical records of Japan. The term can also be used more generally to refer to any historical chronicle. Example sentences: The Nihon Shoki is an ancient chronicle「日本書紀は古代の書紀です」(にほんしょきはこだいのしょきです). He is studying the chronicles of the Heian period「彼は平安時代の書紀を勉強しています」(かれはへいあんじだいのしょきをべんきょうしています).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6557

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Addition

Reading

Kanji

追Follow 加Join, Add

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '追加 (ついか)' means 'addition'. It refers to the act of adding something extra to what already exists. This word is commonly used in various contexts, such as adding items to an order, adding information to a document, or adding features to a product. For example: I added more details to the report「レポートに詳細を追加しました」(レポートにしょうさいをついかしました). Can you add this to the list?「これをリストに追加できますか？」(これをリストについかできますか？). The word '追加' is often used in both formal and informal settings, making it versatile in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6565

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Desire

Reading

Kanji

願Request, Wish 望Hope, Ambition

Explanation

The Japanese noun '願望 (がんぼう)' means 'desire' or 'wish'. It refers to a strong feeling of wanting something or wishing for something to happen. This word is often used in formal or literary contexts to express deep aspirations or longings. For example: His desire for success is strong「彼の成功への願望は強い」(かれのせいこうへのがんぼうはつよい). She has a wish to travel the world「彼女は世界を旅したいという願望がある」(かのじょはせかいをたびしたいというがんぼうがある). The word can also be used in psychological contexts to describe subconscious desires or aspirations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6584

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Scatter

Reading

Kanji

散Scatter

Explanation

The Japanese verb '散る (ちる)' primarily means 'to scatter' or 'to fall and disperse'. It is often used to describe things like petals, leaves, or snow falling and spreading out. For example: cherry blossoms scatter「桜の花が散る」(さくらのはながちる). The snow is scattering「雪が散っている」(ゆきがちっている). This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe things like emotions or attention dispersing. For instance: my concentration scattered「集中力が散った」(しゅうちゅうりょくがちった).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6589

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Harmful

Reading

Kanji

有Exist 害Harm

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '有害 (ゆうがい)' means 'harmful'. It is used to describe something that has a detrimental or damaging effect. This term is often used in contexts related to health, environment, or substances. For example: Smoking is harmful to health「喫煙は健康に有害です」(きつえんはけんこうにゆうがいです). This chemical is harmful to the environment「この化学物質は環境に有害です」(このかがくぶっしつはかんきょうにゆうがいです). The word can also be used in a broader sense to describe anything that is detrimental, such as harmful information「有害な情報」(ゆうがいなじょうほう).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6598

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Variable

Reading

Kanji

変Change, Abnormal 数Number

Explanation

The Japanese noun '変数 (へんすう)' means 'variable'. This term is primarily used in mathematics, programming, and scientific contexts to refer to a quantity or value that can change or vary. For example: In programming, variables store data「プログラミングでは、変数がデータを保存する」(ぷろぐらみんぐでは、へんすうがでーたをほぞんする). The value of the variable changes「変数の値が変わる」(へんすうのあたいがかわる). It is important to note that this word is technical and is not commonly used in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6602

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Harmless

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing 害Harm

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '無害 (むがい)' means 'harmless'. It is used to describe something that does not cause harm or damage. This term can be applied to substances, actions, or even people. For example: This chemical is harmless「この化学物質は無害です」(このかがくぶっしつはむがいです). The joke was harmless「その冗談は無害だった」(そのじょうだんはむがいだった). It is often used in contexts where safety or lack of negative impact is emphasized, such as in environmental discussions or product descriptions.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6607

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Warehouse

Reading

Kanji

倉Warehouse 庫Warehouse

Explanation

The Japanese noun '倉庫 (そうこ)' refers to a 'warehouse', a large building used for storing goods. It is commonly used in contexts related to logistics, storage, and business. For example: The warehouse is full「倉庫がいっぱいです」(そうこがいっぱいです). They built a new warehouse「新しい倉庫を建てました」(あたらしいそうこをたてました). The term can also be used metaphorically to describe a place where something is stored in large quantities, such as a 'warehouse of knowledge'「知識の倉庫」(ちしきのそうこ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6614

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Perception

Reading

Kanji

知Know 覚Remember, Awake

Explanation

The Japanese noun '知覚 (ちかく)' refers to 'perception', the process of recognizing and interpreting sensory information. It is often used in contexts related to psychology, philosophy, or everyday experiences involving the senses. For example: His perception of colors is unique「彼の色の知覚は独特だ」(かれのいろのちかくはどくとくだ). The study focuses on visual perception「その研究は視覚の知覚に焦点を当てている」(そのけんきゅうはしかくのちかくにしょうてんをあてている). This word can also imply awareness or consciousness in certain contexts, such as in '知覚の欠如 (ちかくのけつじょ) (lack of perception)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6626

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Defeat

Reading

Kanji

敗Defeat 戦Fight, War

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '敗戦 (はいせん)' means 'defeat' or 'losing a war'. It is commonly used to refer to a military defeat, particularly in the context of wars or battles. However, it can also be used metaphorically to describe a significant loss in other areas, such as sports or competitions. For example: Japan experienced defeat in World War II「日本は第二次世界大戦で敗戦を経験した」(にほんはだいにじせかいたいせんではいせんをけいけんした). The team suffered a crushing defeat「チームは惨敗を喫した」(チームはざんぱいをきっした). Note that '敗戦' carries a formal tone and is often used in historical or serious contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6636

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Area

Reading

Kanji

一One 帯Belt, Wear

Explanation

The Japanese noun '一帯 (いったい)' refers to a specific area or region, often implying a continuous or connected expanse. It is commonly used to describe a geographical area, such as a neighborhood, district, or even a broader region. For example: this area is famous for its cherry blossoms「この一帯は桜で有名です」(このいったいはさくらでゆうめいです). The entire area was affected by the flood「一帯が洪水の影響を受けました」(いったいがこうずいのえいきょうをうけました). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe a range or scope of something, such as a field of study or influence.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6640

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hope

Reading

Kanji

望Hope, Ambition

Explanation

The Japanese noun '望み (のぞみ)' means 'hope'. It refers to a feeling of expectation and desire for a certain thing to happen. This word is often used in contexts where someone is expressing their aspirations or desires for the future. For example: I have hope for the future「未来に望みがある」(みらいにのぞみがある). She lost all hope「彼女はすべての望みを失った」(かのじょはすべてののぞみをうしなった). It can also be used in a more general sense to describe a wish or a desire, such as in the phrase '望みを叶える (のぞみをかなえる)', which means 'to fulfill a wish'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6662

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Association

Reading

Kanji

連Take along 想Concept

Explanation

The Japanese noun '連想 (れんそう)' means 'association'. It refers to the mental connection or link between ideas, memories, or concepts. This word is often used in contexts where one thing reminds you of another, such as in psychology, creative thinking, or everyday conversation. For example: This song brings back memories「この曲は連想を呼び起こす」(このきょくはれんそうをよびおこす). The word 'red' often leads to the association of 'apple'「『赤』という言葉は『りんご』の連想を引き起こす」(『あか』ということばは『りんご』のれんそうをひきおこす). It can also be used in phrases like '連想ゲーム (れんそうゲーム)' (association game), where participants connect words based on their associations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6677

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Legal

Reading

Kanji

法Law, Method 定Determine

Explanation

The Japanese noun '法定 (ほうてい)' refers to something that is established or prescribed by law. It is often used in contexts related to legal standards, requirements, or procedures. For example: the legal age for drinking is 20「法定飲酒年齢は20歳です」(ほうていいんしゅねんれいははたちです). The legal holiday is determined by the government「法定休日は政府によって決められます」(ほうていきゅうじつはせいふによってきめられます). This term is commonly used in legal, administrative, and official contexts to denote something that is mandated by law.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6691

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tease

Reading

Kanji

冷Cold

Explanation

The Japanese verb '冷やかす (ひやかす)' primarily means 'to tease' or 'to make fun of someone in a playful or lighthearted manner'. It is often used in social contexts where someone is joking around or bantering with others. However, it can also carry a nuance of mocking or ridiculing, depending on the tone and context. For example: He teased his friend about his new haircut「彼は友達の新しい髪型を冷やかした」(かれはともだちのあたらしいかみがたをひやかした). The shopkeeper playfully teased the customer「店員は客を冷やかした」(てんいんはきゃくをひやかした). Note that this verb is not used for serious or hurtful teasing, but rather for light-hearted or humorous interactions.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6699

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Battle

Reading

Kanji

合Fit, Match 戦Fight, War

Explanation

The Japanese noun '合戦 (かっせん)' refers to a 'battle' or 'fight', typically used in the context of historical or large-scale conflicts. It often evokes imagery of samurai or feudal-era battles. For example: The battle was fierce「合戦は激しかった」(かっせんははげしかった). They prepared for the battle「彼らは合戦の準備をした」(かれらはかっせんのじゅんびをした). This word is less commonly used in modern contexts and is more associated with historical or literary descriptions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6702

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rank

Reading

Kanji

順Order, Obey 位Rank

Explanation

The Japanese noun '順位 (じゅんい)' refers to a position or rank in a sequence, competition, or hierarchy. It is commonly used in contexts such as sports, exams, or rankings. For example: He got first rank in the exam「彼は試験で1位の順位を取った」(かれはしけんでいちいのじゅんいをとった). The team's rank dropped「チームの順位が下がった」(チームのじゅんいがさがった). This word emphasizes the relative position of someone or something compared to others.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6707

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Support, Nurture

Reading

Kanji

養Foster

Explanation

The Japanese verb '養う (やしなう)' can mean 'to support' or 'to nurture'. When used in the context of 'support', it often refers to providing for someone financially or materially, such as supporting a family. For example: He supports his family「彼は家族を養っている」(かれはかぞくをやしなっている). In the context of 'nurture', it refers to raising or cultivating something, such as children, animals, or even skills. For example: She nurtures her plants carefully「彼女は植物を丁寧に養っている」(かのじょはしょくぶつをていねいにやしなっている). The verb can also imply fostering or developing something over time, such as habits or relationships.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6711

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ring

Reading

Kanji

指Finger 輪Wheel, Ring

Explanation

The Japanese noun '指輪 (ゆびわ)' means 'ring', specifically referring to a piece of jewelry worn on the finger. This word is commonly used to describe engagement rings, wedding rings, or decorative rings. For example: She received a beautiful ring「彼女は美しい指輪をもらった」(かのじょはうつくしいゆびわをもらった). I lost my ring「指輪をなくした」(ゆびわをなくした). The word is often associated with romantic or ceremonial contexts, but it can also refer to any type of finger ring.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6724

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Recession

Reading

Kanji

不Not 景Scene 気Spirit

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不景気 (ふけいき)' refers to an economic recession or a state of economic downturn. It is commonly used to describe periods when the economy is performing poorly, with decreased business activity, high unemployment, and low consumer spending. For example: The country is in a recession「その国は不景気です」(そのくにはふけいきです). Many companies are struggling due to the recession「多くの会社が不景気で苦しんでいる」(おおくのかいしゃがふけいきでくるしんでいる). This term is often used in news reports, economic discussions, and everyday conversations about financial difficulties.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6727

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Subjectivity

Reading

Kanji

主Master 観View

Explanation

The Japanese noun '主観 (しゅかん)' refers to 'subjectivity', which is the quality of being based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions. It is often used in philosophical, psychological, or everyday contexts to describe a personal perspective or interpretation. For example: His opinion is based on subjectivity「彼の意見は主観に基づいている」(かれのいけんはしゅかんにもとづいている). In art, subjectivity is important「芸術において主観は重要だ」(げいじゅつにおいてしゅかんはじゅうようだ). This term contrasts with '客観 (きゃっかん)', which means 'objectivity'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6732

Composition

kanji

Handwriting