Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Kanji School Grade

word

Meaning

Obstetrics

Reading

Kanji

産Give birth 婦Lady 人Person 科Section, Department

Explanation

The Japanese noun '産婦人科 (さんふじんか)' refers to the medical field of 'obstetrics and gynecology'. It is a combined term used to describe the branch of medicine that deals with pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period (産科, obstetrics) as well as the health of the female reproductive system (婦人科, gynecology). This term is commonly used in medical contexts, such as hospitals or clinics. Example sentences: She works in obstetrics and gynecology「彼女は産婦人科で働いています」(かのじょはさんふじんかではたらいています). I have an appointment at the obstetrics and gynecology department「産婦人科の予約があります」(さんふじんかのよやくがあります).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4206

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Adorable

Reading

Kanji

可Possible 愛Love

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '可愛らしい (かわいらしい)' means 'adorable' or 'charming'. It is used to describe something or someone that evokes a sense of endearment or cuteness. This word often carries a nuance of being naturally or innocently cute, rather than intentionally so. For example: That puppy is adorable「あの子犬は可愛らしい」(あのこいぬはかわいらしい). Her smile is charming「彼女の笑顔は可愛らしい」(かのじょのえがおはかわいらしい). The adjective can also be used to describe small, delicate, or aesthetically pleasing things, such as '可愛らしい花 (かわいらしいはな) (adorable flower)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4210

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Transition

Reading

Kanji

移Move, Transfer 行Go

Explanation

The Japanese noun '移行 (いこう)' means 'transition'. It refers to the process of changing from one state, condition, or system to another. This word is often used in contexts such as technology, business, or social changes. For example: the transition to a new system「新しいシステムへの移行」(あたらしいシステムへのいこう). The transition period was challenging「移行期間は大変だった」(いこうきかんはたいへんだった). It can also be used in broader contexts, such as the transition from one era to another「時代の移行」(じだいのいこう).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4211

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Probability

Reading

Kanji

確Certain 率Command, Proportion

Explanation

The Japanese noun '確率 (かくりつ)' means 'probability'. It refers to the likelihood or chance of an event occurring, often expressed numerically or as a percentage. This term is commonly used in mathematics, statistics, and everyday conversations when discussing uncertain outcomes. For example: the probability of rain is high「雨の確率が高い」(あめのかくりつがたかい). What is the probability of winning?「勝つ確率はどれくらいですか？」(かつのかくりつはどれくらいですか？). It can also be used in contexts like gambling or risk assessment, such as 'the probability of success is low'「成功する確率は低い」(せいこうするかくりつはひくい).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4212

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dote

Reading

Kanji

可Possible 愛Love

Explanation

The Japanese verb '可愛がる (かわいがる)' means 'to dote on' or 'to treat with affection'. It is used to describe the act of showing love, care, or fondness towards someone or something, often in a nurturing or protective way. This verb is commonly used when referring to how someone treats a child, a pet, or even a close friend. For example: She dotes on her cat「彼女は猫を可愛がる」(かのじょはねこをかわいがる). The teacher dotes on her students「先生は生徒たちを可愛がる」(せんせいはせいとたちをかわいがる). The nuance of this verb often implies a sense of indulgence or pampering, and it is typically used in positive contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4215

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Perform

Reading

Kanji

演Perform

Explanation

The Japanese verb '演ずる (えんずる)' means 'to perform' or 'to act'. It is often used in the context of performing a role in a play, movie, or other theatrical performance. It can also be used more broadly to describe performing a function or role in a non-theatrical context. For example: He performed the role of Hamlet「彼はハムレットの役を演じた」(かれはハムレットのやくをえんじた). This machine performs an important function「この機械は重要な機能を演じる」(このきかいはじゅうようなきのうをえんじる). Note that '演ずる' is a more formal or literary variant of '演じる (えんじる)', which is more commonly used in everyday speech.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4230

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Residence

Reading

Kanji

居Reside, Be 住Live

Explanation

The Japanese noun '居住 (きょじゅう)' refers to the act of living or residing in a particular place. It is often used in formal or legal contexts to describe one's place of residence or habitation. For example: His residence is in Tokyo「彼の居住地は東京です」(かれのきょじゅうちはとうきょうです). The city has a high population of foreign residents「その都市には外国人の居住者が多い」(そのとしにはがいこくじんのきょじゅうしゃがおおい). This term is commonly used in official documents or discussions about demographics and housing.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4236

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Description

Reading

Kanji

記Record 述State, Mention

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '記述 (きじゅつ)' means 'description'. It refers to the act of describing or detailing something in writing or speech. This term is often used in academic, technical, or formal contexts where precise and detailed explanations are required. For example: The description of the experiment was thorough「実験の記述は詳細だった」(じっけんのきじゅつはしょうさいだった). Please provide a description of the incident「事件の記述を提出してください」(じけんのきじゅつをていしゅつしてください). The word can also imply a systematic or structured account of facts or events.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4242

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Possession

Reading

Kanji

保Preserve 有Exist

Explanation

The Japanese noun '保有 (ほゆう)' refers to the act of possessing or holding something, often in a formal or legal context. It is commonly used in discussions about ownership, such as property, assets, or rights. For example: The company has possession of the land「その会社はその土地を保有している」(そのかいしゃはそのとちをほゆうしている). He holds a large number of shares「彼は多くの株を保有している」(かれはおおくのかぶをほゆうしている). This term is often used in legal, financial, or business contexts to describe ownership or control over something.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4244

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reason

Reading

Kanji

理Reason 性Gender, Sex

Explanation

The Japanese noun '理性 (りせい)' refers to 'reason' or 'rationality'. It is used to describe the human capacity for logical thinking, judgment, and decision-making, often in contrast to emotions or instincts. This word is commonly used in philosophical, psychological, or everyday contexts to discuss rational thought. For example: He acted based on reason「彼は理性に基づいて行動した」(かれはりせいにもとづいてこうどうした). Losing reason in anger is dangerous「怒りで理性を失うのは危険だ」(いかりでりせいをうしなうのはきけんだ). The word can also imply self-control or the ability to think calmly and logically.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4254

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Presentation

Reading

Kanji

提Present, Submit 示Show, Indicate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '提示 (ていじ)' refers to the act of presenting or showing something, often in a formal or official context. It is commonly used when providing evidence, documents, or information to support a claim or request. For example: Please present your ID「提示してください」(ていじしてください). The lawyer presented new evidence「弁護士は新しい証拠を提示した」(べんごしはあたらしいしょうこをていじした). This word is often used in legal, business, or academic settings where formal presentation of information is required.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4257

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Production

Reading

Kanji

制System, Control 作Make

Explanation

The Japanese noun '制作 (せいさく)' refers to the act of creating or producing something, often used in the context of art, media, or creative works. It emphasizes the process of bringing something into existence, such as a film, artwork, or program. For example: The production of this movie took two years「この映画の制作には2年かかりました」(このえいがのせいさくにはにねんかかりました). He is in charge of the production of the TV show「彼はそのテレビ番組の制作を担当しています」(かれはそのテレビばんぐみのせいさくをたんとうしています). This word is commonly used in professional or artistic contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4261

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Quality

Reading

Kanji

品Product 質Quality

Explanation

The Japanese noun '品質 (ひんしつ)' refers to the quality of something, particularly in terms of its characteristics, standards, or level of excellence. It is commonly used in contexts related to products, materials, or services to describe how good or bad they are. For example: The quality of this product is high「この製品の品質は高い」(このせいひんのひんしつはたかい). We need to improve the quality「品質を改善する必要がある」(ひんしつをかいぜんするひつようがある). This word is often used in business or manufacturing settings to discuss the standards of goods or services.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4263

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pure

Reading

Kanji

素Element

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '素 (そ)' conveys the idea of something being pure, unadulterated, or in its natural state. It is often used to describe things that are unprocessed, unrefined, or free from artificial elements. For example: pure water「素水」(そすい). This prefix can also imply simplicity or a lack of pretense, as in '素顔 (すがお) (bare face, no makeup)'. Additionally, it can be used in contexts related to skill or talent, such as '素人 (しろうと) (amateur, literally 'pure person')', which contrasts with '玄人 (くろうと) (professional)'. Example sentences: She has a pure heart「彼女は素心だ」(かのじょはそしんだ). I prefer natural ingredients「私は素の材料が好きです」(わたしはそのざいりょうがすきです).

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4264

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Abundant

Reading

Kanji

豊Plentiful 富Wealth, Rich

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '豊富 (ほうふ)' means 'abundant' or 'plentiful'. It is used to describe a large quantity or variety of something, often in a positive context. For example: This region has abundant resources「この地域は資源が豊富だ」(このちいきはしげんがほうふだ). The library has a plentiful collection of books「図書館には本が豊富にある」(としょかんにはほんがほうふにある). '豊富' is commonly used in both formal and informal settings to emphasize the richness or sufficiency of something.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4271

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Acknowledgment

Reading

Kanji

承Consent 知Know

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '承知 (しょうち)' primarily means 'acknowledgment' or 'understanding'. It is often used in formal contexts to indicate that one has understood or acknowledged something, such as a request or information. For example: I understand your request「ご依頼は承知しました」(ごいらいはしょうちしました). It can also be used to express consent or agreement in a polite manner. For instance: I will take care of it as per your request「ご要望の通り承知いたしました」(ごようぼうのとおりしょうちいたしました). This term is commonly used in business or formal settings to show respect and politeness.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4276

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Organization, Formation

Reading

Kanji

編Edit, Knit 成Become

Explanation

The Japanese noun '編成 (へんせい)' can mean 'formation' or 'organization', depending on the context. It is often used to describe the arrangement or structuring of groups, teams, or systems. For example, in the context of a sports team, it refers to the formation of players. In a business or organizational context, it refers to the structuring of departments or teams. Example sentences: The formation of the soccer team was changed「サッカーチームの編成が変わった」(サッカーチームのへんせいがかわった). The organization of the company is very efficient「会社の編成はとても効率的だ」(かいしゃのへんせいはとてもこうりつてきだ). Note that '編成' is often used in formal or technical contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4280

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Honest

Reading

Kanji

素Element 直Straight, Repair

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '素直 (すなお)' primarily means 'honest' or 'obedient'. It describes someone who is straightforward, sincere, and free from deceit or pretense. This word is often used to praise someone's character, especially when they are willing to accept advice or criticism without resistance. For example: She is an honest child「彼女は素直な子供です」(かのじょはすなおなこどもです). He honestly admitted his mistake「彼は素直に自分の過ちを認めた」(かれはすなおにじぶんのあやまちをみとめた). The term can also imply a sense of purity or simplicity in one's nature, making it a positive trait in Japanese culture.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4285

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hydrogen

Reading

Kanji

水Water 素Element

Explanation

The Japanese noun '水素 (すいそ)' means 'hydrogen'. It refers to the chemical element with the symbol H and atomic number 1, which is the lightest and most abundant element in the universe. This term is commonly used in scientific contexts, such as chemistry and physics. For example: Hydrogen is the lightest element「水素は最も軽い元素です」(すいそはもっともかるいげんそです). Water is made of hydrogen and oxygen「水は水素と酸素でできている」(みずはすいそとさんそでできている).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4287

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Disband

Reading

Kanji

解Solve, Untie 散Scatter

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '解散 (かいさん)' means 'disband'. It is commonly used to describe the act of a group, organization, or assembly breaking up or dissolving. For example: The club disbanded「クラブが解散した」(クラブがかいさんした). The parliament was dissolved「議会が解散された」(ぎかいがかいさんされた). This term is often used in formal or official contexts, such as political or organizational settings. It can also imply the end of a gathering or meeting, as in 'The meeting disbanded at 5 PM'「会議は午後5時に解散した」(かいぎはごご5じにかいさんした).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4296

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Occur

Reading

Kanji

際Occasion

Explanation

The Japanese verb '際する (さいする)' means 'to occur' or 'to happen', particularly in the context of a significant or notable event. It is often used in formal or written contexts to describe events that are of importance or have a notable impact. For example: when the accident occurred「事故が際したとき」(じこがさいしたとき). This verb is less commonly used in everyday conversation and is more likely to be found in news reports, official documents, or literature. It carries a nuance of something happening at a critical or pivotal moment.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4323

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reduce

Reading

Kanji

減Decrease

Explanation

The Japanese verb '減らす (へらす)' means 'to reduce' or 'to decrease'. It is used when referring to making something smaller in quantity, size, or intensity. This verb can be applied to various contexts, such as reducing costs, decreasing weight, or lowering the number of items. For example: I reduced the amount of sugar「砂糖の量を減らした」(さとうのりょうをへらした). We need to reduce expenses「経費を減らす必要がある」(けいひをへらすひつようがある). Note that '減らす' is a transitive verb, meaning it requires a direct object to indicate what is being reduced.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4334

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Liquid

Reading

Kanji

液Liquid 体Body

Explanation

The Japanese noun '液体 (えきたい)' means 'liquid'. This term refers to a substance that flows freely but is of constant volume, having a consistency like that of water or oil. It is used in both scientific and everyday contexts to describe the state of matter between solid and gas. For example: water is a liquid「水は液体です」(みずはえきたいです). This bottle contains a strange liquid「このボトルには変な液体が入っている」(このボトルにはへんなえきたいがはいっている). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that resembles a liquid in its flow or form.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4339

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Clean, Hygienic

Reading

Kanji

清Clear, Pure 潔Immaculate

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '清潔 (せいけつ)' primarily means 'clean' or 'hygienic'. It is used to describe something that is free from dirt, germs, or impurities, and can refer to both physical cleanliness and moral purity. For example: This hospital is very clean「この病院はとても清潔です」(このびょういんはとてもせいけつです). She always keeps her room clean「彼女はいつも部屋を清潔にしている」(かのじょはいつもへやをせいけつにしている). The word can also imply a sense of neatness or orderliness, and is often used in contexts related to health, hygiene, and personal care.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4359

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Duties

Reading

Kanji

職Employment 務Duty, Task

Explanation

The Japanese noun '職務 (しょくむ)' refers to the duties or responsibilities associated with a particular job or position. It is often used in formal or professional contexts to describe the tasks one is expected to perform as part of their role. For example: He is focused on his duties「彼は職務に集中している」(かれはしょくむにしゅうちゅうしている). The manager explained the duties of the new position「マネージャーは新しいポジションの職務を説明した」(マネージャーはあたらしいポジションのしょくむをせつめいした). This term emphasizes the formal and obligatory nature of the tasks involved.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4360

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Resumption

Reading

Kanji

再Again, Twice 開Open

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '再開 (さいかい)' means 'resumption' or 'restarting'. It is used to describe the act of starting something again after it has been paused, stopped, or interrupted. This word is commonly used in contexts such as events, activities, or processes that are being resumed. For example: The meeting will resume tomorrow「会議は明日再開します」(かいぎはあしたさいかいします). Classes resumed after the holiday「休みの後、授業が再開した」(やすみのあと、じゅぎょうがさいかいした). It is important to note that '再開' often implies a formal or planned restart, rather than a spontaneous one.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4368

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Playback, Recycling

Reading

Kanji

再Again, Twice 生Life

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '再生 (さいせい)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'playback', referring to the act of playing back audio or video recordings. For example: I listened to the playback of the song「その曲の再生を聞いた」(そのきょくのさいせいをきいた). The second meaning is 'recycling', referring to the process of converting waste materials into reusable materials. For example: Recycling is important for the environment「再生は環境にとって重要だ」(さいせいはかんきょうにとってじゅうようだ). These two meanings are distinct and unrelated, hence both are included as separate meanings.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4369

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reunion

Reading

Kanji

再Again, Twice 会Meet

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '再会 (さいかい)' means 'reunion'. It refers to the act of meeting someone again after a period of separation. This word is often used in emotional or significant contexts, such as reuniting with old friends, family members, or loved ones. For example: I had a reunion with my old friend「私は昔の友達と再会した」(わたしはむかしのともだちとさいかいした). We will have a reunion next year「私たちは来年再会するでしょう」(わたしたちはらいねんさいかいするでしょう). The word carries a sense of nostalgia and importance, emphasizing the value of reconnecting with someone after time apart.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4372

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Knit

Reading

Kanji

編Edit, Knit

Explanation

The Japanese verb '編む (あむ)' primarily means 'to knit'. It refers to the action of creating fabric by interlocking loops of yarn with knitting needles. This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe the act of compiling or putting together various elements, such as stories or plans. Example sentences: She is knitting a scarf「彼女はマフラーを編んでいる」(かのじょはマフラーをあんでいる). He knitted his eyebrows in thought「彼は考えながら眉を編んだ」(かれはかんがえながらまゆをあんだ).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4373

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Release

Reading

Kanji

解Solve, Untie 放Release

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '解放 (かいほう)' means 'release' or 'liberation'. It is used to describe the act of setting something or someone free from confinement, restriction, or control. This word can be applied in various contexts, such as physical release, emotional liberation, or even the release of information. For example: The prisoners were released「囚人が解放された」(しゅうじんがかいほうされた). She felt a sense of liberation「彼女は解放感を感じた」(かのじょはかいほうかんをかんじた). It is also commonly used in phrases like '解放する (かいほうする)' (to release) and '解放感 (かいほうかん)' (feeling of liberation).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4374

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cloth

Reading

Kanji

布Cloth, Linen

Explanation

The Japanese noun '布 (ぬの)' refers to 'cloth' or 'fabric'. It is used to describe woven material, typically made from fibers like cotton, wool, or synthetic materials. This word is commonly used in contexts involving clothing, textiles, or household items. For example: I bought new cloth「新しい布を買いました」(あたらしいぬのをかいました). This cloth is soft「この布は柔らかいです」(このぬのはやわらかいです). The word can also appear in compound nouns, such as '布団 (ふとん)' (futon, a type of bedding) or '布巾 (ふきん)' (dishcloth).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4382

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Temporarily, Hypothetically

Reading

Kanji

仮Temporary

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '仮に (かりに)' can mean either 'temporarily' or 'hypothetically', depending on the context. When used to mean 'temporarily', it refers to something being done or existing for a limited time. For example: temporarily staying at a friend's house「仮に友達の家に泊まる」(かりにともだちのいえにとまる). When used to mean 'hypothetically', it refers to a situation that is being considered as a possibility or for the sake of argument. For example: hypothetically, if I were rich「仮に私がお金持ちだったら」(かりにわたしがおかねもちだったら). The meaning is usually clear from the context of the sentence.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4389

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Extra

Reading

Kanji

余Excess

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '余 (よ)' is used to indicate an excess or surplus of something. It is often attached to numbers to signify 'more than' or 'over' a certain amount. For example: over 100 people「100人余」(ひゃくにんよ). This suffix can also be used in a more abstract sense to denote something beyond the expected or necessary, such as in '余裕 (よゆう)' which means 'leeway' or 'room to spare'. Another example: there is extra time「余った時間がある」(あまったじかんがある).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4393

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Speech

Reading

Kanji

演Perform 説Theory, Explanation

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '演説 (えんぜつ)' refers to a formal or public speech, often delivered to an audience. It is commonly used in political, academic, or professional contexts. For example: The politician gave a speech「政治家は演説をした」(せいじかはえんぜつをした). His speech was very inspiring「彼の演説はとても感動的だった」(かれのえんぜつはとてもかんどうてきだった). The word can also imply a persuasive or rhetorical element, as in delivering a message to influence others. Note that '演説' is typically used for formal or structured speeches, not casual conversations.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4395

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Money

Reading

Kanji

金Gold 銭Money, Coin

Explanation

The Japanese noun '金銭 (きんせん)' refers to 'money' in a general sense, often emphasizing its tangible or financial aspect. It is commonly used in formal or legal contexts to discuss financial matters, transactions, or wealth. For example: money is important in life「金銭は人生で重要です」(きんせんはじんせいでじゅうようです). He lost all his money「彼は金銭をすべて失った」(かれはきんせんをすべてうしなった). The word can also carry a slightly formal or serious tone, distinguishing it from more casual terms like 'お金 (おかね)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4396

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Perform

Reading

Kanji

演Perform

Explanation

The Japanese verb '演じる (えんじる)' means 'to perform' or 'to act'. It is commonly used in the context of theater, movies, or any situation where someone is playing a role or performing in front of an audience. For example: She performed the role of a queen「彼女は女王の役を演じた」(かのじょはじょおうのやくをえんじた). He acted in a famous play「彼は有名な劇で演じた」(かれはゆうめいなげきでえんじた). This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe someone playing a role in a situation, such as 'He played the part of the villain in the negotiation'「彼は交渉で悪役を演じた」(かれはこうしょうであくやくをえんじた).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4399

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Appearance

Reading

Kanji

出Exit 演Perform

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '出演 (しゅつえん)' means 'appearance' and is used to describe someone's participation or performance in a public event, such as a TV show, movie, play, or concert. It is often used in contexts related to entertainment or media. For example: She made an appearance on TV「彼女はテレビに出演した」(かのじょはテレビにしゅつえんした). The actor will appear in the new movie「その俳優は新しい映画に出演する」(そのはいゆうはあたらしいえいがにしゅつえんする). Note that '出演' is commonly used in formal or professional settings and is often paired with verbs like 'する' to indicate the act of appearing.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4400

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Performance

Reading

Kanji

性Gender, Sex 能Ability

Explanation

The Japanese noun '性能 (せいのう)' refers to the performance, capability, or efficiency of a machine, device, or system. It is commonly used in technical or mechanical contexts to describe how well something functions. For example: This car has excellent performance「この車は性能が優れている」(このくるまはせいのうがすぐれている). The performance of this computer is impressive「このコンピュータの性能は素晴らしい」(このコンピュータのせいのうはすばらしい). It can also be used in broader contexts, such as evaluating the performance of a product or system.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4416

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rule

Reading

Kanji

統Unite 治Cure, Reign

Explanation

The Japanese noun '統治 (とうち)' refers to the act or process of governing or ruling over a country, region, or group of people. It is often used in political or historical contexts to describe the administration or control exercised by a government or ruler. For example: The king's rule was just「王の統治は公正だった」(おうのとうちはこうせいだった). The new government aims for stable rule「新しい政府は安定した統治を目指す」(あたらしいせいふはあんていしたとうちをめざす). This term can also imply a sense of authority and control over a population or territory.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4417

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Phrase

Reading

Kanji

句Phrase, Paragraph

Explanation

The Japanese noun '句 (く)' refers to a 'phrase' or a short group of words. It is commonly used in contexts related to poetry, literature, or grammar. For example, in haiku, a '句' is one of the three lines that make up the poem. It can also refer to idiomatic expressions or fixed phrases. Example sentences: This phrase is beautiful「この句は美しい」(このくはうつくしい). He wrote a haiku with three phrases「彼は三つの句で俳句を書いた」(かれはみっつのくではいくをかいた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4425

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Permission

Reading

Kanji

許Permit, Allow 可Possible

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '許可 (きょか)' means 'permission'. It refers to the act of allowing someone to do something or granting approval for an action. This word is commonly used in formal or official contexts, such as requesting permission from authorities or superiors. For example: I need permission to enter「入る許可が必要です」(はいるきょかがひつようです). Did you get permission to leave early?「早退の許可をもらいましたか？」(そうたいのきょかをもらいましたか？). It can also be used in everyday situations, such as asking for permission to borrow something: Can I have permission to use your pen?「あなたのペンを使う許可をもらえますか？」(あなたのペンをつかうきょかをもらえますか？).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4434

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Apologize

Reading

Kanji

謝Apologize

Explanation

The Japanese verb '謝る (あやまる)' means 'to apologize'. It is used when someone expresses regret or admits fault for something they have done wrong. This verb is commonly used in both formal and informal situations. For example: I apologized to my friend「友達に謝った」(ともだちにあやまった). He apologized for being late「彼は遅れたことを謝った」(かれはおくれたことをあやまった). The verb can also be used in the form '謝ります (あやまります)' for polite speech, such as in a business setting. It is important to note that apologizing is a significant part of Japanese culture, and this verb is frequently used in daily interactions.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4440

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lecture

Reading

Kanji

講Lecture 演Perform

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '講演 (こうえん)' refers to a formal talk or lecture given on a specific topic, often by an expert or a guest speaker. It is commonly used in academic, professional, or public settings. For example: I attended a lecture on Japanese history「日本の歴史についての講演に参加しました」(にほんのれきしについてのこうえんにさんかしました). The professor gave a lecture on climate change「教授が気候変動について講演しました」(きょうじゅがきこうへんどうについてこうえんしました). This term is often associated with structured, informative presentations rather than casual talks.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4449

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lecture

Reading

Kanji

講Lecture 義Righteousness

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '講義 (こうぎ)' refers to a formal lecture or academic instruction, typically given by a teacher or professor in an educational setting. It is commonly used in universities and schools to describe a structured presentation of knowledge on a specific subject. For example: I attended a lecture on Japanese history「日本の歴史の講義に出席した」(にほんのれきしのこうぎにしゅっせきした). The professor gave a lecture on economics「教授が経済学の講義をした」(きょうじゅがけいざいがくのこうぎをした). This term is often associated with formal education and is distinct from casual or informal discussions.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4450

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cancellation

Reading

Kanji

休Rest 講Lecture

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '休講 (きゅうこう)' refers to the cancellation of a lecture or class. It is commonly used in academic settings to indicate that a scheduled lecture or class will not take place, often due to the teacher's absence or other unforeseen circumstances. For example: The lecture was canceled「休講になりました」(きゅうこうになりました). Tomorrow's class is canceled「明日の授業は休講です」(あしたのじゅぎょうはきゅうこうです). This term is specific to educational contexts and should not be confused with general cancellations of events or appointments.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4451

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Quick

Reading

Kanji

素Element 早Early, Fast

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '素早い (すばやい)' means 'quick' or 'swift'. It is used to describe actions, movements, or reactions that are done with speed and agility. This word often carries a nuance of efficiency and precision, not just raw speed. For example: He made a quick decision「彼は素早い決断をした」(かれはすばやいけつだんをした). The cat moved quickly「猫は素早く動いた」(ねこはすばやくうごいた). It can also describe someone who is quick-witted or sharp, as in '素早い返事 (すばやいへんじ) (a quick reply)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4452

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Healthcare

Reading

Kanji

保Preserve 健Healthy

Explanation

The Japanese noun '保健 (ほけん)' refers to 'healthcare' or 'health preservation'. It is commonly used in contexts related to public health, medical care, and health maintenance. For example, '保健所 (ほけんじょ)' refers to a public health center, and '保健体育 (ほけんたいいく)' refers to health and physical education. Example sentences: The government provides healthcare services「政府は保健サービスを提供する」(せいふはほけんサービスをていきょうする). Health education is important「保健教育は大切です」(ほけんきょういくはたいせつです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4455

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Engineer

Reading

Kanji

技Skill 師Master, Expert

Explanation

The Japanese noun '技師 (ぎし)' refers to an 'engineer', a professional who applies scientific and mathematical principles to design, develop, and maintain structures, machines, or systems. This term is often used in professional contexts and can refer to various types of engineers, such as civil engineers, mechanical engineers, or electrical engineers. For example: He is a civil engineer「彼は土木技師です」(かれはどぼくぎしです). The company hired a new engineer「会社は新しい技師を雇いました」(かいしゃはあたらしいぎしをやといました). Note that '技師' is a formal term and is typically used in professional or official settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4456

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

December

Reading

Kanji

師Master, Expert 走Run

Explanation

The Japanese noun '師走 (しわす)' refers to the month of December, the twelfth and final month of the year. The term is deeply rooted in Japanese culture and tradition, often associated with the busy end-of-year activities, such as preparing for the New Year. The word itself has an interesting etymology, with one theory suggesting that it comes from the idea of even Buddhist monks (師) running around (走る) busily during this month. Example sentences: December is a busy month「師走は忙しい月です」(しわすはいそがしいつきです). I will visit my family in December「師走に家族を訪ねます」(しわすにかぞくをたずねます).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4457

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Publication

Reading

Kanji

刊Publish, Edition 行Go

Explanation

The Japanese noun '刊行 (かんこう)' refers to the act of publishing or releasing a written work, such as a book, magazine, or journal. It is often used in formal contexts to describe the process of making a work available to the public. For example: The publication of the new book is scheduled for next month「新しい本の刊行は来月に予定されています」(あたらしいほんのかんこうはらいげつによていされています). This magazine has been in publication for over 50 years「この雑誌は50年以上刊行されています」(このざっしはごじゅうねんいじょうかんこうされています). The word can also be used in compound terms like '刊行物 (かんこうぶつ)', which means 'publication' or 'printed matter'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4483

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Money, Coin

Reading

Kanji

銭Money, Coin

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '銭 (せん)' refers to 'coin' or 'money'. It is often used in compound words to denote currency or small amounts of money. Historically, '銭' was used to refer to small denominations of currency, such as the 'sen' in the pre-decimal Japanese monetary system. For example: one yen and fifty sen「一円五十銭」(いちえんごじっせん). This suffix is still used in modern Japanese, particularly in contexts involving small change or historical references. Another example: ten sen coin「十銭玉」(じっせんだま).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4488

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Finance

Reading

Kanji

財Wealth 務Duty, Task

Explanation

The Japanese noun '財務 (ざいむ)' refers to 'finance' or 'financial affairs'. It is commonly used in contexts related to the management of money, especially in corporate or governmental settings. For example: The company's finance department is very efficient「会社の財務部門は非常に効率的です」(かいしゃのざいむぶもんはひじょうにこうりつてきです). He is in charge of the financial affairs of the organization「彼は組織の財務を担当しています」(かれはそしきのざいむをたんとうしています). This term is often used in formal or business contexts to discuss financial management, budgeting, or accounting.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4489

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Meeting

Reading

Kanji

総General, Total 会Meet

Explanation

The Japanese noun '総会 (そうかい)' refers to a 'general meeting' or 'assembly', typically held by organizations, companies, or groups to discuss important matters, make decisions, or report on activities. It is often used in formal contexts, such as shareholder meetings or annual gatherings. For example: The annual meeting will be held next week「総会は来週開催されます」(そうかいはらいしゅうかいさいされます). We attended the general assembly「私たちは総会に出席しました」(わたしたちはそうかいにしゅっせきしました). This term emphasizes the collective and formal nature of the gathering.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4490

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Intentionally

Reading

Kanji

態Appearance, Condition

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '態と (わざと)' means 'intentionally' or 'on purpose'. It is used to describe actions that are done deliberately, often with a specific intention or motive. This word can carry a slightly negative nuance, implying that the action was done with some ulterior motive or to cause a reaction. For example: He intentionally broke the vase「彼は態と花瓶を壊した」(かれはわざとかびんをこわした). She pretended not to know, even though she did「彼女は知っているのに態と知らないふりをした」(かのじょはしっているのにわざとしらないふりをした). The adverb is often used in contexts where the speaker wants to emphasize that the action was not accidental.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4497

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Business trip

Reading

Kanji

出Exit 張Spread, Stretch

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '出張 (しゅっちょう)' refers to a 'business trip'. It is used to describe traveling for work-related purposes, such as attending meetings, conferences, or other professional duties. This term is commonly used in professional settings and implies that the trip is work-related rather than personal. For example: I have a business trip tomorrow「明日は出張です」(あしたはしゅっちょうです). He went on a business trip to Osaka「彼は大阪に出張しました」(かれはおおさかにしゅっちょうしました). Note that '出張' is often used with verbs like する (to do) or 行く (to go) to indicate the action of going on a business trip.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4507

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Self Defense Forces

Reading

Kanji

自Self 衛Protect, Defense 隊Squad

Explanation

The Japanese noun '自衛隊 (じえいたい)' refers to the 'Self-Defense Forces' of Japan, which is the country's military organization. Established after World War II, the Self-Defense Forces are primarily responsible for national defense and disaster relief operations. The term is often used in discussions about Japan's defense policies, international military cooperation, and domestic emergency responses. Example sentences: The Self-Defense Forces conducted a rescue operation「自衛隊が救助活動を行った」(じえいたいがきゅうじょかつどうをおこなった). He joined the Self-Defense Forces「彼は自衛隊に入隊した」(かれはじえいたいににゅうたいした).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4518

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pressure

Reading

Kanji

圧Pressure 力Power

Explanation

The Japanese noun '圧力 (あつりょく)' means 'pressure'. It refers to the physical force exerted on an object, as well as metaphorical pressure, such as social or psychological stress. For example: The pressure of the water is strong「水の圧力が強い」(みずのあつりょくがつよい). He felt pressure from his boss「彼は上司からの圧力を感じた」(かれはじょうしからのあつりょくをかんじた). This word is commonly used in both scientific contexts and everyday situations to describe various forms of pressure.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4526

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rampage

Reading

Kanji

暴Violent, Outburst

Explanation

The Japanese verb '暴れる (あばれる)' means 'to rampage' or 'to act violently'. It is used to describe someone or something behaving in a wild, uncontrollable, or destructive manner. This verb can be applied to people, animals, or even natural phenomena. For example: The horse rampaged through the field「馬が野原で暴れた」(うまがのはらであばれた). The child threw a tantrum and started rampaging「子供がかんしゃくを起こして暴れ始めた」(こどもがかんしゃくをおこしてあばれはじめた). The storm rampaged across the countryside「嵐が田舎を暴れ回った」(あらしがいなかをあばれまわった). Note that this verb often carries a negative connotation, implying a lack of control or restraint.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4531

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Absolutely

Reading

Kanji

絶Break off, Extinction 対Against

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '絶対 (ぜったい)' means 'absolutely' or 'definitely'. It is used to emphasize certainty or to express that something is unconditional or without exception. This word is often used in both positive and negative contexts to stress the speaker's conviction. For example: I will absolutely come「絶対に行きます」(ぜったいにいきます). You must absolutely not tell anyone「絶対に誰にも言わないで」(ぜったいにだれにもいわないで). It can also be used to describe something that is absolute or unconditional, such as '絶対的な信頼 (ぜったいてきなしんらい) (absolute trust)'.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4532

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fainting

Reading

Kanji

気Spirit 絶Break off, Extinction

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '気絶 (きぜつ)' refers to the act of fainting or losing consciousness. It is often used to describe a sudden loss of consciousness due to shock, illness, or extreme emotional distress. For example: She fainted from the shock「彼女はショックで気絶した」(かのじょはショックできぜつした). The patient fainted during the procedure「患者は処置中に気絶した」(かんじゃはしょちちゅうにきぜつした). This term is commonly used in medical contexts or in situations where someone loses consciousness unexpectedly.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4533

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Firefighting

Reading

Kanji

消Extinguish 防Prevent, Defend

Explanation

The Japanese noun '消防 (しょうぼう)' refers to 'firefighting'. It encompasses the activities, services, and organizations dedicated to preventing and extinguishing fires. This term is often used in contexts related to emergency services, public safety, and disaster prevention. For example: The firefighting team arrived quickly「消防隊がすぐに到着した」(しょうぼうたいがすぐにとうちゃくした). Firefighting equipment is essential「消防設備は必要です」(しょうぼうせつびはひつようです). The term can also be part of compound words, such as '消防士 (しょうぼうし)' (firefighter) or '消防署 (しょうぼうしょ)' (fire station).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4534

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lovely

Reading

Kanji

素Element 敵Enemy

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '素敵 (すてき)' means 'lovely' or 'wonderful'. It is used to describe something or someone that is charming, delightful, or attractive. This word is often used in casual conversations to express admiration or approval. For example: That dress is lovely「そのドレスは素敵」(そのドレスはすてき). Your idea is wonderful「あなたのアイデアは素敵」(あなたのアイデアはすてき). The word can also be used to describe situations or experiences that are enjoyable or impressive. It carries a positive and warm connotation, making it a common compliment in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4544

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stop, Keep

Reading

Kanji

留Stay, Detain

Explanation

The Japanese verb '留める (とどめる)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'to keep' or 'to retain', often used in the sense of keeping something in a particular state or place. For example: I kept the letter「手紙を留めた」(てがみをとどめた). The second meaning is 'to stop' or 'to halt', used when preventing something from moving or progressing. For example: The police stopped the car「警察は車を留めた」(けいさつはくるまをとどめた). The verb can also imply a sense of restraint or limitation, depending on the context. It is important to note that the kanji 留 can also be read as 'とめる' in other contexts, but the reading 'とどめる' specifically carries these meanings.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4547

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Decision

Reading

Kanji

決Decide 断Decide, Cut off

Explanation

The Japanese noun '決断 (けつだん)' means 'decision'. It refers to the act of making a firm and resolute choice, often after careful consideration. This word is commonly used in contexts where a significant or impactful choice is made. For example: He made a quick decision「彼は早い決断をした」(かれははやいけつだんをした). Making a decision is important「決断を下すことは重要だ」(けつだんをくだすことはじゅうようだ). The word carries a nuance of determination and finality, often implying that the decision is not easily reversible.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4558

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Orientation

Reading

Kanji

志Intention 向Facing, Yonder

Explanation

The Japanese noun '志向 (しこう)' refers to a person's orientation, inclination, or tendency towards a particular goal, direction, or way of thinking. It is often used in contexts related to psychology, education, or personal development to describe someone's focus or aspirations. For example: His orientation is towards art「彼の志向は芸術に向かっている」(かれのしこうはげいじゅつにむかっている). The company's orientation is innovation「その会社の志向は革新だ」(そのかいしゃのしこうはかくしんだ). This word can also imply a deliberate or conscious choice in pursuing a specific path or ideal.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4560

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reserve

Reading

Kanji

予Beforehand 備Equip, Provide

Explanation

The Japanese noun '予備 (よび)' means 'reserve' or 'preparation'. It refers to something kept in store or set aside for future use, such as resources, supplies, or backup plans. It can also imply preparation for potential situations. For example: We have a reserve of food「予備の食料がある」(よびのしょくりょうがある). He is preparing for the exam「彼は試験の予備をしている」(かれはしけんのよびをしている). This word is often used in contexts like '予備知識 (よびちしき)' (preliminary knowledge) or '予備校 (よびこう)' (cram school).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4564

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Direction, Production

Reading

Kanji

演Perform 出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '演出 (えんしゅつ)' primarily refers to the direction or staging of a performance, such as in theater, film, or television. It can also mean the overall production or arrangement of an event or show. This term is often used in creative contexts to describe the artistic decisions made to bring a performance to life. For example: The director's staging was impressive「演出家の演出が素晴らしかった」(えんしゅつかのえんしゅつがすばらしかった). The production of the play was outstanding「その劇の演出は素晴らしかった」(そのげきのえんしゅつはすばらしかった). Note that '演出' is distinct from '監督 (かんとく)', which refers more specifically to the role of a director in film or television.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4575

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Preservation, Conservation

Reading

Kanji

保Preserve 全Whole, All

Explanation

The Japanese noun '保全 (ほぜん)' refers to the act of preserving or conserving something, often in the context of maintaining its original state or preventing damage. It is commonly used in fields such as environmental protection, cultural heritage, and infrastructure maintenance. For example: environmental preservation is important「環境保全は大切です」(かんきょうほぜんはたいせつです). The conservation of historical buildings「歴史的建造物の保全」(れきしてきけんぞうぶつのほぜん). This word emphasizes the proactive effort to protect and maintain something valuable.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4605

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Expenses

Reading

Kanji

経Manage, Elapse 費Expense

Explanation

The Japanese noun '経費 (けいひ)' refers to 'expenses' or 'costs', particularly those incurred in the course of business or work-related activities. It is commonly used in professional or financial contexts to describe expenditures necessary for operations, such as office supplies, travel costs, or other operational outlays. For example: The company covers all business expenses「会社はすべての経費を負担します」(かいしゃはすべてのけいひをふたんします). We need to reduce unnecessary expenses「不要な経費を削減する必要があります」(ふようなけいひをさくげんするひつようがあります). This term is often used in accounting or budgeting discussions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4619

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Favor

Reading

Kanji

恩Grace, Kindness

Explanation

The Japanese noun '恩 (おん)' means 'favor' or 'kindness', often implying a sense of gratitude or indebtedness for a good deed or help received. It is deeply rooted in Japanese culture, where reciprocating kindness is highly valued. Example sentences: I will never forget your favor「あなたの恩は決して忘れません」(あなたのおんはけっしてわすれません). He owes a debt of gratitude to his teacher「彼は先生に恩がある」(かれはせんせいにおんがある). The concept of '恩' is often associated with the idea of '恩返し (おんがえし)', which means repaying a favor.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4622

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Engrossed

Reading

Kanji

夢Dream 中Center

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '夢中 (むちゅう)' means 'engrossed' or 'absorbed'. It describes a state of being completely focused or captivated by something, often to the point of losing awareness of one's surroundings. This word is commonly used to express deep involvement in activities, hobbies, or emotions. For example: I was engrossed in the game「ゲームに夢中だった」(ゲームにむちゅうだった). She is absorbed in her studies「彼女は勉強に夢中です」(かのじょはべんきょうにむちゅうです). The word can also imply a sense of obsession or infatuation, as in: He is infatuated with her「彼は彼女に夢中だ」(かれはかのじょにむちゅうだ).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4624

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Amateur

Reading

Kanji

素Element 人Person

Explanation

The Japanese noun '素人 (しろうと)' refers to someone who is an amateur or lacks professional experience in a particular field. It is often used to contrast with 'プロ (ぷろ)' (professional). The term can carry a neutral or slightly negative connotation, depending on the context, implying inexperience or lack of skill. For example: He is just an amateur「彼はただの素人だ」(かれはただのしろうとだ). I'm still an amateur at cooking「私はまだ料理の素人です」(わたしはまだりょうりのしろうとです). The word can also be used in contexts like hobbies or activities, such as '素人写真 (しろうとしゃしん)' (amateur photography).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4648

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Understand

Reading

Kanji

解Solve, Untie

Explanation

The Japanese verb '解する (かいする)' means 'to understand' or 'to comprehend'. It is often used in formal or literary contexts to describe the act of grasping the meaning or essence of something. This verb can be used for abstract concepts, ideas, or explanations. For example: I understand the meaning of this poem「この詩の意味を解する」(このしのいみをかいする). He couldn't comprehend the complex theory「彼はその複雑な理論を解することができなかった」(かれはそのふくざつなりろんをかいすることができなかった). Note that '解する' is more formal than the more commonly used '理解する (りかいする)'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4649

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Crowd

Reading

Kanji

群Group, Flock 集Gather

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '群集 (ぐんしゅう)' refers to a 'crowd' or a gathering of many people. It is often used to describe a large group of people gathered in one place, such as at an event, in a public space, or during an incident. The word carries a neutral tone and can be used in both positive and negative contexts. For example: A crowd gathered at the scene of the accident「事故の現場に群集が集まった」(じこのげんばにぐんしゅうがあつまった). The crowd cheered loudly at the concert「コンサートで群集が大声で歓声を上げた」(コンサートでぐんしゅうがおおごえでかんせいをあげた). Note that '群集' is often used in written or formal contexts, while in casual speech, words like '人だかり (ひとだかり)' or '群衆 (ぐんしゅう)' might be more common.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4663

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mainline

Reading

Kanji

幹Trunk, Main 線Line

Explanation

The Japanese noun '幹線 (かんせん)' refers to a mainline, such as a principal railway line, highway, or other major transportation route. It is often used in the context of transportation infrastructure to denote the primary routes that connect major cities or regions. For example: The mainline train is fast「幹線電車は速い」(かんせんでんしゃははやい). This highway is a mainline「この高速道路は幹線です」(このこうそくどうろはかんせんです). The term can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is central or principal in a system or network.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4696

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Premier

Reading

Kanji

総General, Total 理Reason

Explanation

The Japanese noun '総理 (そうり)' refers to the 'premier' or 'prime minister' of a country, specifically Japan. It is a formal term used to denote the head of the government. The word is often used in political contexts and news reports. For example: The premier will hold a press conference「総理が記者会見を行います」(そうりがきしゃかいけんをおこないます). The premier visited the disaster area「総理が被災地を訪問しました」(そうりがひさいちをほうもんしました). It is important to note that '総理' is often used in conjunction with '大臣 (だいじん)' to form '総理大臣 (そうりだいじん)', which is the full title for the prime minister of Japan.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4708

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Idiom

Reading

Kanji

慣Accustomed 用Use 句Phrase, Paragraph

Explanation

The Japanese noun '慣用句 (かんようく)' refers to an 'idiom' or a set phrase that has a meaning not deducible from the individual words. These expressions are deeply rooted in the language and culture, often carrying nuances and connotations that are unique to Japanese. For example: He used an idiom to explain his point「彼は自分のポイントを説明するために慣用句を使った」(かれはじぶんのポイントをせつめいするためにかんようくをつかった). Learning idioms is essential for understanding Japanese culture「慣用句を学ぶことは日本文化を理解するために不可欠だ」(かんようくをまなぶことはにほんぶんかをりかいするためにふかけつだ). Idioms often reflect historical events, folklore, or common experiences, making them a rich area of study for language learners.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4718

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lead

Reading

Kanji

率Command, Proportion

Explanation

The Japanese verb '率いる (ひきいる)' means 'to lead' or 'to command'. It is used to describe the action of guiding or directing a group of people, such as a team, an army, or an organization. This verb often implies a sense of responsibility and authority over the group being led. For example: he leads the team「彼はチームを率いる」(かれはチームをひきいる). The general commanded the army「将軍は軍隊を率いた」(しょうぐんはぐんたいをひきいた). Note that '率いる' is typically used in formal or serious contexts, and it is not commonly used for casual leadership roles.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4731

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Proof

Reading

Kanji

証Evidence

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '証 (しょう)' means 'proof' or 'evidence'. It is often attached to nouns to indicate something that serves as proof or certification. For example, a '免許証 (めんきょしょう)' is a 'license' or 'certificate', and a '身分証明書 (みぶんしょうめいしょ)' is an 'identification document'. This suffix is commonly used in formal or legal contexts. Example sentences: This is proof of my identity「これは私の身分証です」(これはわたしのみぶんしょうです). Please show your license「免許証を見せてください」(めんきょしょうをみせてください).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4738

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ophthalmology

Reading

Kanji

眼Eyeball 科Section, Department

Explanation

The Japanese noun '眼科 (がんか)' refers to the medical field of ophthalmology, which deals with the diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders. It is also commonly used to refer to an eye clinic or an ophthalmologist's office. For example: I went to the eye clinic「眼科に行きました」(がんかにいきました). She is an ophthalmologist「彼女は眼科医です」(かのじょはがんかいです). The term is often used in medical contexts and is essential for discussing eye health or seeking medical attention for eye-related issues.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4740

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Nearsightedness

Reading

Kanji

近Near 眼Eyeball

Explanation

The Japanese noun '近眼 (きんがん)' refers to the condition of being nearsighted, meaning one can see nearby objects clearly but distant objects appear blurry. It is commonly used in medical or everyday contexts to describe vision impairment. For example: I have nearsightedness「私は近眼です」(わたしはきんがんです). Nearsightedness makes it hard to see far away「近眼だと遠くが見えにくい」(きんがんだととおくがみえにくい). This term is often used in discussions about eye health or when describing someone's vision.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4741

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Boundary

Reading

Kanji

境Boundary, Border 界World

Explanation

The Japanese noun '境界 (きょうかい)' refers to a boundary or border, often used to describe a physical or conceptual line separating two areas, ideas, or states. It can be used in various contexts, such as geographical boundaries, personal limits, or abstract distinctions. For example: the boundary between the two countries「二つの国の境界」(ふたつのくにのきょうかい). The boundary between dreams and reality「夢と現実の境界」(ゆめとげんじつのきょうかい). This word is commonly used in both literal and metaphorical contexts, emphasizing the idea of separation or division.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4766

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fuel

Reading

Kanji

燃Burn 料Materials, Fee

Explanation

The Japanese noun '燃料 (ねんりょう)' means 'fuel'. It refers to any material that is burned or used to produce energy, such as gasoline, coal, or natural gas. This word is commonly used in contexts related to energy, transportation, and machinery. For example: The car needs fuel「車は燃料が必要です」(くるまはねんりょうがひつようです). We use natural gas as fuel「天然ガスを燃料として使います」(てんねんガスをねんりょうとしてつかいます). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that provides energy or motivation, such as 'the fuel for his passion' (彼の情熱の燃料).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4813

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Limit

Reading

Kanji

限Limit 度Degrees, Times

Explanation

The Japanese noun '限度 (げんど)' refers to a 'limit' or 'boundary'. It is used to describe the maximum extent or degree of something that is possible or allowed. This word is often used in contexts where there is a restriction or a cap on quantity, capacity, or ability. For example: There is a limit to human patience「人間の忍耐には限度がある」(にんげんのにんたいにはげんどがある). The credit card has a spending limit「クレジットカードには利用限度がある」(クレジットカードにはりようげんどがある). It can also be used in more abstract contexts, such as limits of knowledge or endurance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4821

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Constitution

Reading

Kanji

体Body 質Quality

Explanation

The Japanese noun '体質 (たいしつ)' refers to a person's physical constitution or body type. It describes the inherent characteristics of a person's body, such as their tendency to gain weight, susceptibility to certain illnesses, or general physical condition. For example: She has a weak constitution「彼女は体質が弱い」(かのじょはたいしつがよわい). My constitution doesn't handle cold weather well「私の体質は寒さに弱い」(わたしのたいしつはさむさによわい). This word can also be used metaphorically to describe the inherent nature or tendencies of organizations or systems, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4824

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Oxidation

Reading

Kanji

酸Bitter, Acid 化Change

Explanation

The Japanese noun '酸化 (さんか)' refers to the chemical process of oxidation, where a substance combines with oxygen or loses electrons. This term is commonly used in scientific contexts, such as chemistry or biology, but can also appear in everyday language when discussing rusting or spoilage. For example: Iron undergoes oxidation and rusts「鉄は酸化して錆びる」(てつはさんかしてさびる). The oxidation of food causes it to spoil「食べ物の酸化は腐敗の原因です」(たべもののさんかはふはいのげんいんです). Note that '酸化' is often used in compound words, such as '酸化防止剤 (さんかぼうしざい)' (antioxidant).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4864

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Single

Reading

Kanji

独Alone 身Body, Self

Explanation

The Japanese noun '独身 (どくしん)' means 'single' in the context of marital status. It refers to someone who is not married. This term is neutral and can be used for both men and women. For example: she is single「彼女は独身です」(かのじょはどくしんです). He wants to stay single「彼は独身でいたい」(かれはどくしんでいたい). The word can also be used in phrases like '独身生活 (どくしんせいかつ)' meaning 'single life' or '独身者 (どくしんしゃ)' meaning 'single person'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4866

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Liquid

Reading

Kanji

液Liquid

Explanation

The Japanese noun '液 (えき)' refers to 'liquid'. It is used to describe substances in a fluid state, such as water, oil, or chemical solutions. This term is often used in scientific, medical, or everyday contexts. For example: the liquid is transparent「その液は透明です」(そのえきはとうめいです). Please handle the liquid carefully「その液を慎重に扱ってください」(そのえきをしんちょうにあつかってください). The word can also appear in compound nouns, such as '血液 (けつえき)' (blood) or '溶液 (ようえき)' (solution).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4876

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ability

Reading

Kanji

能Ability

Explanation

The Japanese noun '能 (のう)' primarily means 'ability' or 'capability'. It refers to the capacity or skill to perform a task or achieve something. This word is often used in contexts related to personal or professional skills, such as in '彼は語学の能がある (かれはごがくののうがある)', which translates to 'He has a talent for languages'. Additionally, '能' can also refer to Noh, a traditional form of Japanese theater, but this is a completely different and unrelated meaning. For example: Noh is a traditional Japanese performance art「能は日本の伝統芸能です」(のうはにほんのでんとうげいのうです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4880

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Discomfort

Reading

Kanji

不Not 快Pleasant

Explanation

The Japanese noun '不快 (ふかい)' refers to a feeling of discomfort or unpleasantness. It can describe physical discomfort, such as feeling unwell, or emotional discomfort, such as unease or irritation. This word is often used in contexts where something causes a negative sensation or reaction. For example: I feel discomfort in this situation「この状況に不快を感じる」(このじょうきょうにふかいをかんじる). The smell caused discomfort「その匂いが不快を引き起こした」(そのにおいがふかいをひきおこした). It is also commonly used in phrases like '不快感 (ふかいかん)' (feeling of discomfort) to emphasize the sensation of unease.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4897

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Again

Reading

Kanji

再Again, Twice 度Degrees, Times

Explanation

The Japanese noun '再度 (さいど)' means 'again' or 'once more'. It is used to indicate the repetition of an action or event. This word is often used in formal or written contexts, such as in business or official communications. For example: Please try again「再度お試しください」(さいどおためしください). We will discuss this matter again「この件は再度話し合います」(このけんはさいどはなしあいます). Note that '再度' is more formal than other words meaning 'again', such as 'もう一度 (もういちど)', which is more commonly used in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4903

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Essence, Vitality

Reading

Kanji

精Spirit, Refine

Explanation

The Japanese noun '精 (せい)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'essence', referring to the intrinsic nature or indispensable quality of something. For example: the essence of life「生命の精」(せいめいのせい). The second meaning is 'vitality', referring to the state of being strong and active. For example: he has a lot of vitality「彼は精が溢れている」(かれはせいがあふれている). This word is often used in contexts related to energy, spirit, or the core nature of something. It can also appear in compounds, such as '精神 (せいしん)' meaning 'mind' or 'spirit'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4923

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wealth

Reading

Kanji

富Wealth, Rich

Explanation

The Japanese noun '富 (とみ)' refers to 'wealth' or 'riches'. It is used to describe an abundance of valuable possessions, money, or resources. This word can be used in both literal and figurative contexts, such as material wealth or the wealth of knowledge. For example: He accumulated great wealth「彼は大きな富を築いた」(かれはおおきなとみをきずいた). The wealth of this country is vast「この国の富は大きい」(このくにのとみはおおきい). Note that '富' can also be used in compound words, such as '富国 (ふこく)' meaning 'wealthy nation'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4927

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Watch, Guard

Reading

Kanji

見See 張Spread, Stretch

Explanation

The Japanese verb '見張る (みはる)' means 'to watch' or 'to guard'. It is used to describe the act of keeping a close eye on something or someone, often to prevent danger or ensure safety. This verb is commonly used in contexts involving surveillance, security, or monitoring. For example: The guard is watching the entrance「警備員が入り口を見張っている」(けいびいんがはいりぐちをみはっている). She watched the children playing in the park「彼女は公園で遊んでいる子供たちを見張っていた」(かのじょはこうえんであそんでいるこどもたちをみはっていた). Note that '見張る' can also imply vigilance or alertness, as in watching for potential threats or changes.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4929

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Crime

Reading

Kanji

犯Crime

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '犯 (はん)' means 'crime' and is used to denote someone who has committed a specific type of crime. It is often attached to nouns to form compound words that describe the perpetrator of a crime. For example: a thief is a '窃盗犯 (せっとうはん)'. A murderer is a '殺人犯 (さつじんはん)'. This suffix is commonly used in legal and news contexts to specify the nature of the crime committed. Example sentences: The police arrested the thief「警察は窃盗犯を逮捕した」(けいさつはせっとうはんをたいほした). The murderer was sentenced to life imprisonment「殺人犯は終身刑を宣告された」(さつじんはんはしゅうしんけいをせんこくされた).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4975

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Characteristic

Reading

Kanji

特Special 性Gender, Sex

Explanation

The Japanese noun '特性 (とくせい)' means 'characteristic' or 'property'. It refers to a distinctive feature or quality that defines something or someone. This word is often used in scientific, technical, or descriptive contexts to highlight specific attributes. For example: the characteristics of this material are unique「この材料の特性はユニークです」(このざいりょうのとくせいはユニークです). Each animal has its own characteristics「それぞれの動物には独自の特性がある」(それぞれのどうぶつにはどくじのとくせいがある). The word can also be used in abstract contexts, such as describing personality traits or inherent qualities.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5014

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Border

Reading

Kanji

国Country 境Boundary, Border

Explanation

The Japanese noun '国境 (こっきょう)' refers to the boundary or border between two countries. It is commonly used in contexts related to geography, politics, or travel. For example: The border between Japan and Russia is heavily guarded「日本とロシアの国境は厳重に警備されている」(にほんとロシアのこっきょうはげんじゅうにけいびされている). They crossed the border at night「彼らは夜に国境を越えた」(かれらはよるにこっきょうをこえた). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe boundaries or limits in non-physical contexts, such as cultural or ideological borders.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5032

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Valve, Speech

Reading

Kanji

弁Valve, Dialect

Explanation

The Japanese noun '弁 (べん)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'valve', referring to a device that regulates the flow of a fluid, such as in machinery or anatomy. For example: The valve is broken「弁が壊れている」(べんがこわれている). The second meaning is 'speech' or 'argument', often used in formal or legal contexts. For example: He gave a passionate speech「彼は熱弁をふるった」(かれはねつべんをふるった). It's important to note that the context in which '弁' is used will determine its meaning, as these two definitions are unrelated.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5035

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Disclosure

Reading

Kanji

開Open 示Show, Indicate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '開示 (かいじ)' means 'disclosure'. It refers to the act of making information, facts, or data known to others, often in a formal or legal context. This term is commonly used in legal, corporate, or administrative settings where transparency is required. For example: The company made a public disclosure of its financial records「会社は財務記録を開示しました」(かいしゃはざいむきろくをかいじしました). The court ordered the disclosure of evidence「裁判所は証拠の開示を命じた」(さいばんしょはしょうこのかいじをめいじた). Note that '開示' is often used in contexts involving legal obligations or ethical transparency.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5048

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Control

Reading

Kanji

統Unite 制System, Control

Explanation

The Japanese noun '統制 (とうせい)' means 'control' and refers to the act of regulating, managing, or governing something. It is often used in contexts involving authority, organization, or systems. For example: The government imposed strict control「政府は厳しい統制を課した」(せいふはきびしいとうせいをかした). The company maintains control over its operations「会社は業務の統制を維持している」(かいしゃはぎょうむのとうせいをいじしている). This word is commonly used in formal or administrative settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5072

Composition

kanji

Handwriting