word

Meaning

Actually

Reading

Kanji

現Appear, Current

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '現に (げんに)' means 'actually' or 'in fact'. It is used to emphasize that something is true or real, often in contrast to what might be assumed or believed. This word is commonly used to provide evidence or to stress the reality of a situation. For example: He is actually here「現に彼はここにいる」(げんにかれはここにいる). It actually happened「現にそれが起こった」(げんにそれがおこった). The adverb is often used in formal or written contexts to assert the truth of a statement.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6110

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Combination

Reading

Kanji

複Duplicate 合Fit, Match

Explanation

The Japanese noun '複合 (ふくごう)' refers to the act or state of combining multiple elements or factors into one. It is often used in contexts where different components are merged or integrated to form a complex whole. For example: the combination of technology and art「技術と芸術の複合」(ぎじゅつとげいじゅつのふくごう). This word is commonly used in fields like science, business, and art to describe hybrid or multifaceted concepts. Another example: the compound interest effect「複利の複合効果」(ふくりのふくごうこうか).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6141

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Result

Reading

Kanji

挙Raise 句Phrase, Paragraph

Explanation

The Japanese noun '挙げ句 (あげく)' refers to the final outcome or result of a situation, often implying that the result is negative or undesirable after a series of events. It is commonly used in the structure '～の挙げ句' to emphasize the culmination of a process. For example: After all that effort, he ended up failing「彼は努力の挙げ句、失敗した」(かれはどりょくのあげく、しっぱいした). After arguing for hours, they broke up「何時間も議論した挙げ句、彼らは別れた」(なんじかんもぎろんしたあげく、かれらはわかれた). This word carries a nuance of inevitability or resignation about the outcome.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6162

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wallet

Reading

Kanji

財Wealth 布Cloth, Linen

Explanation

The Japanese noun '財布 (さいふ)' means 'wallet'. It refers to a small, flat case used to carry personal items such as cash, credit cards, and identification documents. This word is commonly used in everyday conversations when discussing money or personal belongings. For example: I lost my wallet「財布をなくしました」(さいふをなくしました). This wallet is expensive「この財布は高いです」(このさいふはたかいです). The term can also be used metaphorically to refer to one's financial resources, as in '財布が寂しい (さいふがさびしい)' which means 'my wallet is feeling lonely' (i.e., I'm low on money).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6165

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Appointment

Reading

Kanji

任Duty, Responsibility 命Command, Life

Explanation

The Japanese noun '任命 (にんめい)' refers to the act of appointing someone to a position or role. It is commonly used in formal contexts, such as in business, government, or organizational settings. For example: The president announced the appointment of a new minister「社長は新しい部長の任命を発表した」(しゃちょうはあたらしいぶちょうのにんめいをはっぴょうした). His appointment as CEO was unexpected「彼のCEOへの任命は予想外だった」(かれのCEOへのにんめいはよそうがいだった). The word carries a formal tone and is often used in official announcements or documents.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6167

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Invalid

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing 効Effective

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '無効 (むこう)' means 'invalid' or 'null and void'. It is used to describe something that has no legal or binding force, or something that is not effective or recognized. This term is often used in legal, contractual, or technical contexts. For example: The contract is invalid「その契約は無効です」(そのけいやくはむこうです). The ticket is no longer valid「そのチケットは無効になりました」(そのチケットはむこうになりました). It can also be used in everyday situations to indicate that something is not functioning or recognized, such as a coupon or a password.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6172

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Emotion

Reading

Kanji

情Feeling, Emotion

Explanation

The Japanese noun '情 (じょう)' primarily means 'emotion' or 'feeling'. It refers to human emotions, sentiments, or passions, often in a deep or profound sense. This word is commonly used in contexts involving empathy, compassion, or emotional states. For example: He has deep emotions「彼は深い情を持っている」(かれはふかいじょうをもっている). The story is full of emotion「その話は情に満ちている」(そのはなしはじょうにみちている). Additionally, '情' can sometimes imply a sense of human kindness or sympathy, as in '情け (なさけ)', which means 'pity' or 'mercy'. However, in its standalone form, '情' is most often associated with general emotional states.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6178

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ordinance

Reading

Kanji

条Clause 例Example

Explanation

The Japanese noun '条例 (じょうれい)' refers to a local ordinance or regulation enacted by a municipal or prefectural government. It is a legal term used to describe rules or laws that are specific to a particular region or locality, rather than national laws. For example: The city passed a new ordinance「市は新しい条例を可決した」(しはあたらしいじょうれいをかけつした). This ordinance prohibits smoking in public places「この条例は公共の場所での喫煙を禁止している」(このじょうれいはこうきょうのばしょでのきつえんをきんししている). The word is commonly used in legal, governmental, and administrative contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6179

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Excess

Reading

Kanji

過Exceed, Error

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '過 (か)' conveys the idea of excess, overdoing, or surpassing a limit. It is commonly used in compound words to indicate that something is excessive or beyond what is normal or acceptable. For example: overwork「過労」(かろう), overconfidence「過信」(かしん), or excessive speed「過速度」(かそくど). This prefix is often attached to nouns or verbs to create new terms that describe an exaggerated or extreme state. For instance: He died from overwork「彼は過労で亡くなった」(かれはかろうでなくなった). Don't overestimate your abilities「自分の能力を過信しないで」(じぶんののうりょくをかしんしないで).

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6184

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Definition

Reading

Kanji

定Determine 義Righteousness

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '定義 (ていぎ)' means 'definition'. It refers to the precise explanation or description of the meaning, nature, or scope of something. This term is commonly used in academic, technical, and formal contexts to establish clarity or set boundaries. For example: The definition of this term is unclear「この用語の定義は不明確です」(このようごのていぎはふめいかくです). We need to define the scope of the project「プロジェクトの範囲を定義する必要があります」(プロジェクトのはんいをていぎするひつようがあります). Note that '定義' can also function as a verb when combined with 'する', as in '定義する (ていぎする)', meaning 'to define'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6194

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Foul

Reading

Kanji

反Anti 則Rule

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '反則 (はんそく)' refers to a violation or foul, particularly in the context of rules, regulations, or sports. It is commonly used to describe actions that break established rules, whether in games, competitions, or formal agreements. For example: That was a foul!「それは反則だ！」(それははんそくだ！). He committed a foul during the match「彼は試合中に反則を犯した」(かれはしあいちゅうにはんそくをおかした). The term can also extend to broader contexts, such as breaking societal or ethical rules, though it is most frequently associated with sports and games.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6217

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Response, Correspondence

Reading

Kanji

対Against 応Answer, Respond

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '対応 (たいおう)' can mean 'response' or 'correspondence'. It is used to describe the act of responding to something or someone, or the state of corresponding to a certain condition or standard. For example: quick response to customer inquiries「顧客の問い合わせに迅速に対応する」(こきゃくのといあわせにじんそくにたいおうする). This product corresponds to the latest standards「この製品は最新の基準に対応している」(このせいひんはさいしんのきじゅんにたいおうしている). The word is often used in business or technical contexts to describe how systems, services, or people handle situations or match requirements.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6219

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reaction

Reading

Kanji

反Anti 応Answer, Respond

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '反応 (はんのう)' means 'reaction'. It refers to a response or change that occurs as a result of an action, event, or stimulus. This word is commonly used in both scientific and everyday contexts. For example: The chemical reaction was fast「化学反応は速かった」(かがくはんのうははやかった). Her reaction to the news was surprising「彼女のそのニュースへの反応は驚くものだった」(かのじょのそのニュースへのはんのうはおどろくものだった). It can also describe emotional or social responses, such as public reaction to a policy「政策への世間の反応」(せいさくへのせけんのはんのう).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6220

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Verification

Reading

Kanji

検Examine 証Evidence

Explanation

The Japanese noun '検証 (けんしょう)' means 'verification'. It refers to the process of checking or confirming the accuracy, validity, or truth of something. This term is often used in contexts such as scientific research, legal proceedings, or software testing. For example: The verification of the data is complete「データの検証が完了しました」(データのけんしょうがかんりょうしました). We need to verify the results「結果を検証する必要があります」(けっかをけんしょうするひつようがあります). In some contexts, it can also imply a deeper investigation or analysis, such as verifying a theory or hypothesis.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6240

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Voluntary, Optional

Reading

Kanji

任Duty, Responsibility 意Idea

Explanation

The Japanese noun '任意 (にんい)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'optional', referring to something that is not required or mandatory. For example: participation is optional「参加は任意です」(さんかはにんいです). The second meaning is 'voluntary', referring to something done by choice or free will. For example: voluntary work「任意の仕事」(にんいのしごと). This word is often used in formal or legal contexts to describe actions or decisions that are not compulsory. It can also imply a sense of freedom or discretion in making choices.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6242

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Genuine

Reading

Kanji

本Book, Origin 格Status 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '本格的 (ほんかくてき)' means 'genuine' or 'authentic'. It is used to describe something that is fully developed, serious, or done in a proper and thorough manner. This word often conveys a sense of seriousness or professionalism in the context it is used. For example: This restaurant serves genuine Italian food「このレストランは本格的なイタリア料理を出す」(このレストランはほんかくてきなイタリアりょうりをだす). He started his training in a serious manner「彼は本格的にトレーニングを始めた」(かれはほんかくてきにトレーニングをはじめた). Note that '本格的' can also imply a sense of being 'full-scale' or 'thorough', depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6246

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Masculine

Reading

Kanji

男Man 性Gender, Sex 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '男性的 (だんせいてき)' means 'masculine'. It is used to describe qualities, characteristics, or behaviors that are traditionally associated with men, such as strength, assertiveness, or physical appearance. This word can be applied to people, traits, or even objects that evoke a masculine impression. For example: He has a masculine appearance「彼は男性的な外見だ」(かれはだんせいてきながいけんだ). This design feels very masculine「このデザインはとても男性的だ」(このデザインはとてもだんせいてきだ). Note that this word is often used in a descriptive or comparative context, and it carries a neutral to positive connotation depending on the situation.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6253

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Military, Force

Reading

Kanji

武Military 力Power

Explanation

The Japanese noun '武力 (ぶりょく)' refers to the use of physical force or military power. It is often used in contexts related to conflict, war, or coercion. The word can describe both the concept of force in general and the specific application of military strength. For example: The country used military force to resolve the conflict「その国は武力で紛争を解決した」(そのくにはぶりょくでふんそうをかいけつした). They rely on force rather than diplomacy「彼らは外交ではなく武力に頼る」(かれらはがいこうではなくぶりょくにたよる). Note that '武力' carries a strong connotation of physical or armed power, distinguishing it from more abstract forms of influence.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6263

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rich

Reading

Kanji

富Wealth, Rich

Explanation

The Japanese verb '富む (とむ)' means 'to be rich' or 'to abound in'. It is used to describe a state of having an abundance of something, whether it be wealth, resources, or qualities. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as describing a person who is wealthy or a place that is rich in natural resources. For example: This country is rich in natural resources「この国は天然資源に富んでいる」(このくにはてんねんしげんにとんでいる). He is rich in experience「彼は経験に富んでいる」(かれはけいけんにとんでいる). Note that '富む' is often used with the particle 'に' to indicate what the subject is rich in.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6265

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Practical work

Reading

Kanji

実Fruit, Truth 務Duty, Task

Explanation

The Japanese noun '実務 (じつむ)' refers to practical work or tasks that are part of one's job or profession. It emphasizes the actual, hands-on aspects of work rather than theoretical or academic knowledge. This term is often used in professional or business contexts to describe day-to-day operations or responsibilities. For example: He is experienced in practical work「彼は実務に慣れている」(かれはじつむになれている). Practical work is essential for this job「この仕事には実務が不可欠だ」(このしごとにはじつむがふかけつだ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6280

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Leadership

Reading

Kanji

主Master 導Lead, Guide

Explanation

The Japanese noun '主導 (しゅどう)' means 'leadership' or 'taking the lead'. It refers to the act of guiding, directing, or being in charge of a group, project, or initiative. This word is often used in contexts involving management, organization, or decision-making. For example: He took the leadership in the project「彼はプロジェクトの主導をとった」(かれはプロジェクトのしゅどうをとった). The company's leadership is strong「その会社の主導は強い」(そのかいしゃのしゅどうはつよい). Note that '主導' emphasizes the active role of leading or guiding, rather than just holding a position of authority.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6281

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Average

Reading

Kanji

平Flat 均Equal, Even

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '平均 (へいきん)' means 'average'. It refers to the mathematical concept of the mean, or the result obtained by adding several quantities together and then dividing by the number of quantities. It can also be used more generally to describe something that is typical or ordinary. For example: the average temperature is 20 degrees「平均気温は20度です」(へいきんきおんはにじゅうどです). His grades are above average「彼の成績は平均以上です」(かれのせいせきはへいきんいじょうです). The word can also be used in compound nouns, such as '平均寿命 (へいきんじゅみょう)' (average lifespan).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6288

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Remove

Reading

Kanji

退Retreat

Explanation

The Japanese verb '退ける (のける)' means 'to remove' or 'to set aside'. It is often used to describe physically moving something out of the way or figuratively removing an obstacle or problem. For example: Please remove the box「箱を退けてください」(はこをのけてください). He set aside his doubts and moved forward「彼は疑念を退けて前に進んだ」(かれはぎねんをのけてまえにすすんだ). The verb can also imply a sense of decisiveness or determination in removing something. It is commonly used in both casual and formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6297

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

No entry

Reading

Kanji

立Stand 入Enter 禁Ban, Prohibition 止Stop

Explanation

The Japanese noun '立ち入り禁止 (たちいりきんし)' means 'no entry' or 'off-limits'. It is commonly used to indicate areas where entry is prohibited, such as restricted zones, construction sites, or private property. This term is often seen on signs and warnings. For example: This area is off-limits「このエリアは立ち入り禁止です」(このエリアはたちいりきんしです). Do not enter, it's prohibited「立ち入り禁止です、入らないでください」(たちいりきんしです、はいらないでください). The term is a combination of '立ち入り (たちいり)' meaning 'entry' and '禁止 (きんし)' meaning 'prohibition'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6311

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Guarantee, Warranty

Reading

Kanji

保Preserve 証Evidence

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '保証 (ほしょう)' primarily means 'guarantee' or 'warranty'. It refers to a formal assurance that certain conditions will be fulfilled, often used in legal, financial, or commercial contexts. For example, when purchasing electronics, you might receive a warranty: This product comes with a one-year warranty「この製品は1年の保証がついています」(このせいひんはいちねんのほしょうがついています). In another context, it can mean a guarantee of quality or reliability: I guarantee the quality of this product「この製品の品質を保証します」(このせいひんのひんしつをほしょうします). Note that '保証' is often used in formal or business settings and implies a binding commitment.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6323

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Guarantor

Reading

Kanji

保Preserve 証Evidence 人Person

Explanation

The Japanese noun '保証人 (ほしょうにん)' refers to a 'guarantor', someone who takes responsibility for another person's obligations, such as debts or contractual agreements. This role is often required in situations like renting an apartment or securing a loan. For example: He became my guarantor「彼は私の保証人になりました」(かれはわたしのほしょうにんになりました). The guarantor must sign the contract「保証人は契約に署名しなければなりません」(ほしょうにんはけいやくにしょめいしなければなりません). The term emphasizes legal and financial responsibility, and the guarantor is typically held accountable if the primary party fails to meet their obligations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6324

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Uncertain

Reading

Kanji

不Not 確Certain

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不確か (ふたしか)' means 'uncertain'. It is used to describe something that is not definite, reliable, or clear. This word often conveys a sense of doubt or ambiguity. For example: The future is uncertain「未来は不確かだ」(みらいはふたしかだ). His story seems uncertain「彼の話は不確かだ」(かれのはなしはふたしかだ). It can also be used to describe vague or unclear information, as in 'The details are uncertain「詳細は不確かだ」(しょうさいはふたしかだ)'. Note that '不確か' is often followed by the copula 'だ' or 'です' to form a complete sentence.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6343

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Frank, Straightforward

Reading

Kanji

率Command, Proportion 直Straight, Repair

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '率直 (そっちょく)' means 'frank' or 'straightforward'. It describes someone who speaks or acts in a direct, honest, and open manner without hiding their thoughts or feelings. This word is often used to praise someone's honesty or to describe a candid conversation. For example: He gave a frank opinion「彼は率直な意見を述べた」(かれはそっちょくないけんをのべた). I appreciate your straightforward answer「あなたの率直な答えに感謝します」(あなたのそっちょくなこたえにかんしゃします). The word can also be used to describe a person's character, as in '率直な人 (そっちょくなひと) (a frank person)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6345

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Omission

Reading

Kanji

中Center 略Abbreviation, Strategy

Explanation

The Japanese noun '中略 (ちゅうりゃく)' refers to the act of omitting or skipping a part of something, typically in the middle of a text, conversation, or sequence. It is commonly used in contexts where certain details are left out for brevity or clarity. For example: Please omit the middle part「中略してください」(ちゅうりゃくしてください). The omitted section is marked as '...'「中略は'...'と記されています」(ちゅうりゃくは'...'ときされています). This term is often seen in written materials, such as books or articles, where parts of the text are intentionally left out.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6351

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Efficiency

Reading

Kanji

能Ability 率Command, Proportion

Explanation

The Japanese noun '能率 (のうりつ)' means 'efficiency'. It refers to the ability to accomplish tasks or produce results with minimal waste of time, effort, or resources. This term is often used in professional, academic, or organizational contexts to describe productivity or effectiveness. For example: improving work efficiency「仕事の能率を上げる」(しごとののうりつをあげる). The efficiency of this machine is high「この機械の能率は高い」(このきかいののうりつはたかい). Note that '能率' is commonly used in compound phrases like '能率向上 (のうりつこうじょう)' (efficiency improvement) or '能率よく (のうりつよく)' (efficiently).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6355

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Optimal

Reading

Kanji

最Most 適Suitable

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '最適 (さいてき)' means 'optimal'. It is used to describe something that is the most suitable or best possible under given conditions. This term is often used in contexts where efficiency, effectiveness, or suitability is being evaluated. For example: This is the optimal solution「これが最適な解決策です」(これがさいてきなかいけつさくです). The optimal temperature for this experiment is 25 degrees「この実験に最適な温度は25度です」(このじっけんにさいてきなおんどは25どです). It can also be used to describe the best fit or match for a particular purpose, such as in '最適な人材 (さいてきなじんざい) (optimal personnel)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6362

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Nursery

Reading

Kanji

保Preserve 育Raise, Grow 園Garden

Explanation

The Japanese noun '保育園 (ほいくえん)' refers to a nursery or daycare center where young children, typically under school age, are cared for during the day. It is a facility that provides childcare services, often for working parents. The term is commonly used in Japan to describe institutions that offer early childhood education and care. Example sentences: My child goes to nursery「私の子供は保育園に行きます」(わたしのこどもはほいくえんにいきます). The nursery is near the station「保育園は駅の近くです」(ほいくえんはえきのちかくです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6372

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Prosecutor

Reading

Kanji

検Examine 事Thing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '検事 (けんじ)' refers to a 'prosecutor', a legal professional who represents the state in criminal cases. In Japan, prosecutors are responsible for investigating crimes, deciding whether to prosecute, and presenting cases in court. They play a crucial role in the judicial system. Example sentences: The prosecutor is very skilled「その検事はとても優秀です」(そのけんじはとてもゆうしゅうです). The prosecutor presented strong evidence「検事は強力な証拠を提示した」(けんじはきょうりょくなしょうこをていじした).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6401

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Total

Reading

Kanji

総General, Total 額Amount, Forehead

Explanation

The Japanese noun '総額 (そうがく)' means 'total' and refers to the complete sum or aggregate amount of something, often used in financial or quantitative contexts. It is commonly used when discussing budgets, costs, or overall amounts. For example: The total cost is 10,000 yen「総額は1万円です」(そうがくはいちまんえんです). The total amount of the project is high「プロジェクトの総額は高いです」(ぷろじぇくとのそうがくはたかいです). This word is typically used in formal or business settings to emphasize the entirety of a sum.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6402

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Supplies

Reading

Kanji

物Thing 資Capital, Resources

Explanation

The Japanese noun '物資 (ぶっし)' refers to 'supplies' or 'materials', typically in the context of goods or resources needed for a specific purpose, such as disaster relief, military operations, or daily necessities. It is often used in formal or logistical contexts. For example: The government sent relief supplies「政府は救援物資を送った」(せいふはきゅうえんぶっしをおくった). We need to secure medical supplies「医療物資を確保する必要がある」(いりょうぶっしをかくほするひつようがある). The term emphasizes the tangible nature of the items being referred to.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6405

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Always

Reading

Kanji

常Usual, Normal

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '常に (つねに)' means 'always'. It is used to indicate that something happens all the time, without exception, or is continuously true. This adverb is often used in formal or written contexts, but can also appear in spoken language. For example: He is always busy「彼は常に忙しい」(かれはつねにいそがしい). We must always strive for improvement「私たちは常に向上を目指さなければならない」(わたしたちはつねにこうじょうをめざさなければならない). Note that '常に' emphasizes a continuous state or action, and is more formal than other similar adverbs like 'いつも'.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6408

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unconsciously

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing 意Idea 識Knowledge, Discernment

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '無意識 (むいしき)' means 'unconsciously'. It refers to actions or behaviors performed without conscious thought or awareness. This term is often used in psychological contexts or to describe habitual actions. For example: He unconsciously tapped his fingers on the table「彼は無意識にテーブルを指でトントンと叩いていた」(かれはむいしきにテーブルをゆびでとんとんとたたいていた). She unconsciously smiled when she saw the photo「彼女はその写真を見て無意識に笑った」(かのじょはそのしゃしんをみてむいしきにわらった). The term can also be used in broader contexts to describe subconscious processes or states.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6415

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unreasonable

Reading

Kanji

非Mistake, Negative 常Usual, Normal 識Knowledge, Discernment

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '非常識 (ひじょうしき)' means 'unreasonable' or 'lacking common sense'. It is used to describe actions, behaviors, or ideas that are considered illogical, inappropriate, or contrary to societal norms. This term often carries a negative connotation and is used to criticize someone's behavior or judgment. For example: His behavior is unreasonable「彼の行動は非常識だ」(かれのこうどうはひじょうしきだ). It's very unreasonable to be late without notice「連絡なしに遅れるのは非常識だ」(れんらくなしにおくれるのはひじょうしきだ). The word can also be used in a more general sense to describe situations or systems that defy logic or common sense.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6417

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Emergency exit

Reading

Kanji

非Mistake, Negative 常Usual, Normal 口Mouth

Explanation

The Japanese noun '非常口 (ひじょうぐち)' means 'emergency exit.' This word is used to refer to the designated exit in buildings, vehicles, or other spaces that is used for evacuation during emergencies such as fires or other hazardous situations. 非常口 is often marked with signs and lighting to ensure visibility even in low-light conditions. Example: Please use the emergency exit in case of fire 「火事の時は非常口を使ってください」 (かじのときはひじょうぐちをつかってください). The emergency exit is on the left side of the building 「非常口は建物の左側にあります」 (ひじょうぐちはたてもののひだりがわにあります).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6423

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Group

Reading

Kanji

群Group, Flock

Explanation

The Japanese noun '群れ (むれ)' refers to a 'group' or 'flock' of living beings, typically animals or people, gathered together. It is often used to describe a natural gathering, such as a flock of birds or a herd of animals. For example: a flock of birds「鳥の群れ」(とりのむれ). A group of children playing「遊んでいる子供たちの群れ」(あそんでいるこどもたちのむれ). The word emphasizes the collective nature of the gathering, often implying movement or activity as a unit.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6428

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sensibility

Reading

Kanji

感Feeling, Sensation 性Gender, Sex

Explanation

The Japanese noun '感性 (かんせい)' refers to 'sensibility' or the capacity to perceive and respond to emotions, aesthetics, and subtle nuances. It is often used to describe someone's sensitivity to art, beauty, or emotional experiences. For example: Her sensibility is remarkable「彼女の感性は素晴らしい」(かのじょのかんせいはすばらしい). This painting appeals to my sensibility「この絵は私の感性に訴える」(このえはわたしのかんせいにうったえる). The term is commonly used in contexts related to art, design, and personal expression, emphasizing an individual's unique perception and emotional depth.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6434

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Submission

Reading

Kanji

提Present, Submit 出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '提出 (ていしゅつ)' means 'submission'. It refers to the act of handing in or presenting something, such as documents, reports, or assignments, to an authority, organization, or person. It is commonly used in academic, professional, and bureaucratic contexts. For example: Please submit the report by tomorrow「レポートを明日までに提出してください」(レポートをあしたまでにていしゅつしてください). He submitted his resignation「彼は辞表を提出した」(かれはじひょうをていしゅつした). The word often implies a formal or required action, and it is frequently paired with verbs like 'する' (to do) or 'ください' (please do).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6445

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Residence

Reading

Kanji

在Be, Exist 住Live

Explanation

The Japanese noun '在住 (ざいじゅう)' refers to the state or condition of residing or living in a particular place. It is often used to indicate someone's current place of residence, especially when specifying a location different from their origin. For example: She resides in Tokyo「彼女は東京在住です」(かのじょはとうきょうざいじゅうです). Many foreigners reside in Japan「多くの外国人が日本在住です」(おおくのがいこくじんがにほんざいじゅうです). This term is commonly used in formal or descriptive contexts to specify where someone lives.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6452

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Retreat

Reading

Kanji

退Retreat

Explanation

The Japanese verb '退く (しりぞく)' means 'to retreat' or 'to withdraw'. It is used to describe the action of moving back or away from a place, situation, or confrontation. This verb can be used in both literal and figurative contexts. For example: The soldiers retreated from the battlefield「兵士たちは戦場から退いた」(へいしたちはせんじょうからしりぞいた). He withdrew from the argument to avoid further conflict「彼はさらなる衝突を避けるために議論から退いた」(かれはさらなるしょうとつをさけるためにぎろんからしりぞいた). The verb can also imply stepping down from a position or role, as in 'He stepped down from his position as manager'「彼はマネージャーの立場から退いた」(かれはマネージャーのたちばからしりぞいた).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6457

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Living room

Reading

Kanji

居Reside, Be 間Interval, Space

Explanation

The Japanese noun '居間 (いま)' refers to a 'living room', which is a common area in a house where people gather to relax or spend time together. This word is often used in the context of home life and interior design. For example: The living room is spacious「居間は広いです」(いまはひろいです). We watched TV in the living room「私たちは居間でテレビを見ました」(わたしたちはいまでテレビをみました). Note that '居間' is a more traditional term, and in modern Japanese, 'リビング (りびんぐ)' is also commonly used to refer to a living room.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6467

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Boundary

Reading

Kanji

境Boundary, Border

Explanation

The Japanese noun '境 (さかい)' refers to a boundary or border, either physical or metaphorical. It can describe the dividing line between two areas, such as countries or properties, or the boundary between different states, conditions, or phases. For example: the boundary between dreams and reality「夢と現実の境」(ゆめとげんじつのさかい). The border between two countries「二つの国の境」(ふたつのくにのさかい). This word is also used in abstract contexts, such as the boundary between life and death「生と死の境」(せいとしのさかい). Note that '境' can also imply a transitional state or a turning point, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6469

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Force, Group

Reading

Kanji

勢Power, Force

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '勢 (せい)' can mean 'force' or 'group', depending on the context. When used to mean 'force', it often refers to the strength, power, or momentum of something, such as in '水勢 (すいせい)' meaning 'water force' or 'current'. When used to mean 'group', it refers to a collective or a faction, such as in '学生勢 (がくせいせい)' meaning 'student group'. Example sentences: The force of the river is strong「川の勢いが強い」(かわのいきおいがつよい). The student group protested「学生勢が抗議した」(がくせいせいがこうぎした).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6496

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Strange

Reading

Kanji

可Possible 笑Laugh

Explanation

The Japanese determiner '可笑しな (おかしな)' means 'strange' or 'odd'. It is used to describe something that is unusual, peculiar, or out of the ordinary. This word often carries a slightly humorous or lighthearted nuance, depending on the context. For example: That's a strange story「それは可笑しな話だ」(それはおかしなはなしだ). He has a strange habit「彼は可笑しな癖がある」(かれはおかしなくせがある). Note that '可笑しな' is typically used before a noun to describe its quality, as in '可笑しな人 (おかしなひと) (strange person)'.

Part Of Speech

determiner

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6509

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Prayer

Reading

Kanji

念Thought 仏Buddha

Explanation

The Japanese noun '念仏 (ねんぶつ)' refers to the act of chanting or reciting Buddhist prayers, specifically the name of Amida Buddha (Amitabha Buddha). This practice is central to certain schools of Pure Land Buddhism, where it is believed that chanting 'Namu Amida Butsu' (南無阿弥陀仏) can lead to rebirth in the Pure Land. The term can also be used more broadly to refer to any Buddhist prayer or invocation. For example: He chants prayers every morning「彼は毎朝念仏を唱える」(かれはまいあさねんぶつをとなえる). The old woman devoted her life to prayer「その老女は念仏に人生を捧げた」(そのろうじょはねんぶつにじんせいをささげた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6512

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Consulate

Reading

Kanji

領Territory 事Thing 館Building

Explanation

The Japanese noun '領事館 (りょうじかん)' refers to a 'consulate', which is an office or building where a consul works. A consul is a government official who represents their country in a foreign city, helping citizens of their own country who are traveling or living there. The consulate provides services such as issuing visas, assisting with legal matters, and offering support in emergencies. Example sentences: I went to the consulate to renew my passport「領事館にパスポートの更新に行きました」(りょうじかんにぱすぽーとのこうしんにいきました). The consulate is located in the city center「領事館は市の中心にあります」(りょうじかんはしのちゅうしんにあります).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6518

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Irresponsible

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing 責Blame, Liability 任Duty, Responsibility

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '無責任 (むせきにん)' means 'irresponsible'. It is used to describe someone or something that lacks a sense of responsibility or fails to take accountability for their actions. This term can be applied to people, actions, or even systems. For example: His behavior was irresponsible「彼の行動は無責任だった」(かれのこうどうはむせきにんだった). The company's response was irresponsible「会社の対応は無責任だった」(かいしゃのたいおうはむせきにんだった). It is often used in contexts where someone neglects their duties or fails to consider the consequences of their actions.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6529

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Duty

Reading

Kanji

務Duty, Task

Explanation

The Japanese noun '務め (つとめ)' refers to a duty, task, or responsibility that one is expected to fulfill. It often implies a sense of obligation or a role that one must perform, whether in a professional, social, or personal context. For example: It is my duty to protect the environment「環境を守るのが私の務めです」(かんきょうをまもるのがわたしのつとめです). His duty is to lead the team「彼の務めはチームを率いることです」(かれのつとめはチームをひきいることです). This word is commonly used in formal or serious contexts to emphasize the importance of fulfilling one's responsibilities.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6539

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sexual

Reading

Kanji

性Gender, Sex 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '性的 (せいてき)' refers to something related to sex or sexuality. It is often used in formal or academic contexts to describe matters pertaining to sexual behavior, characteristics, or orientation. For example: sexual harassment「性的嫌がらせ」(せいてきいやがらせ). sexual identity「性的アイデンティティ」(せいてきあいでんてぃてぃ). This term is neutral in tone and can be used in both positive and negative contexts, depending on the situation.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6540

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Uniform

Reading

Kanji

制System, Control 服Obey, Clothing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '制服 (せいふく)' refers to a 'uniform', typically worn by students, employees, or members of an organization. It is commonly associated with school uniforms in Japan, which are a significant part of the culture. For example: I wear a uniform to school「私は学校に制服を着ます」(わたしはがっこうにせいふくをきます). The company requires employees to wear uniforms「会社は従業員に制服を着ることを要求します」(かいしゃはじゅうぎょういんにせいふくをきることをようきゅうします). The word can also be used more broadly to refer to any standardized clothing worn by a group.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6544

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Retirement

Reading

Kanji

退Retreat 職Employment

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '退職 (たいしょく)' refers to the act of retiring or resigning from a job or position. It is commonly used in professional or formal contexts to describe the process of leaving employment, often due to reaching retirement age or personal reasons. For example: He is planning his retirement「彼は退職を計画している」(かれはたいしょくをけいかくしている). She submitted her resignation letter「彼女は退職願を提出した」(かのじょはたいしょくねがいをていしゅつした). The term can also be used in phrases like '退職金 (たいしょくきん)', which means 'retirement bonus' or 'severance pay'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6552

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Expulsion, Withdrawal

Reading

Kanji

退Retreat 学Learn

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '退学 (たいがく)' refers to the act of leaving or being removed from an educational institution. It can mean either 'expulsion' (when a student is forced to leave due to disciplinary reasons) or 'withdrawal' (when a student voluntarily leaves). For example: He was expelled from school「彼は退学になった」(かれはたいがくになった). She decided to withdraw from university「彼女は大学を退学することにした」(かのじょはだいがくをたいがくすることにした). The context usually clarifies whether the action is voluntary or involuntary.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6553

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Trunk

Reading

Kanji

幹Trunk, Main

Explanation

The Japanese noun '幹 (みき)' primarily refers to the trunk of a tree. It is used to describe the main structural part of a tree that supports the branches and leaves. This word can also be metaphorically used to describe the main or central part of something, such as an organization or a system. For example: The tree trunk is thick「木の幹が太い」(きのみきがふとい). He is the backbone of the company「彼は会社の幹だ」(かれはかいしゃのみきだ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6563

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Contrast

Reading

Kanji

対Against 比Compare, Ratio

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '対比 (たいひ)' means 'contrast'. It refers to the act of comparing two or more things to highlight their differences or similarities. This term is often used in discussions, analyses, or descriptions where differences or comparisons are emphasized. For example: the contrast between light and dark「光と闇の対比」(ひかりとやみのたいひ). The contrast between old and new ideas「古い考えと新しい考えの対比」(ふるいかんがえとあたらしいかんがえのたいひ). It is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to draw attention to distinctions or comparisons.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6566

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Compare

Reading

Kanji

見See 比Compare, Ratio

Explanation

The Japanese verb '見比べる (みくらべる)' means 'to compare'. It is used when examining two or more things side by side to identify similarities or differences. This verb often implies a visual comparison, such as comparing images, objects, or written texts. For example: I compared the two paintings「二つの絵を見比べた」(ふたつのえをみくらべた). She compared the prices at different stores「彼女はいくつかの店の値段を見比べた」(かのじょはいくつかのみせのねだんをみくらべた). The verb can also be used metaphorically to compare abstract concepts or ideas.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6567

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Seal

Reading

Kanji

判Judge, Stamp 子Child

Explanation

The Japanese noun '判子 (はんこ)' refers to a personal or official seal used in Japan for signing documents, contracts, or other formal paperwork. It is a stamp typically made of wood, plastic, or stone, engraved with a person's name or a company's name in kanji. The use of a '判子' is deeply rooted in Japanese culture and is often required for legal and administrative purposes. For example: I need to stamp the document with my seal「書類に判子を押す必要があります」(しょるいにはんこをおすひつようがあります). This is my personal seal「これは私の判子です」(これはわたしのはんこです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6577

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Conception, Imagination

Reading

Kanji

想Concept 像Image, Statue

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '想像 (そうぞう)' primarily means 'imagination' or 'conception'. It refers to the ability to form mental images or ideas of things not present to the senses or not previously known or experienced. It is often used in contexts discussing creativity, planning, or hypothesizing about future events or scenarios. For example: His imagination is boundless「彼の想像は無限だ」(かれのそうぞうはむげんだ). It's hard to conceive of such a situation「そんな状況を想像するのは難しい」(そんなじょうきょうをそうぞうするのはむずかしい). This word is commonly used in both everyday conversation and formal writing, highlighting its versatility in describing both creative and speculative thought processes.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6581

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Japan, Residing

Reading

Kanji

在Be, Exist 日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '在日 (ざいにち)' refers to someone or something that is residing or staying in Japan, often used to describe foreign nationals or entities present in the country. It can also refer to the state of being in Japan. For example: He is residing in Japan「彼は在日です」(かれはざいにちです). The company has a branch in Japan「その会社は在日に支店がある」(そのかいしゃはざいにちにしてんがある). The term is commonly used in contexts discussing foreign residents or businesses operating within Japan.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6585

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Private

Reading

Kanji

民People, Nation 営Manage

Explanation

The Japanese noun '民営 (みんえい)' refers to something being privately operated or managed, as opposed to being run by the government. It is often used in contexts related to businesses, services, or facilities that are privately owned and operated. For example: This hospital is privately run「この病院は民営です」(このびょういんはみんえいです). The railway is privately managed「その鉄道は民営です」(そのてつどうはみんえいです). The term emphasizes the distinction between private and public sectors.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6603

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Gap

Reading

Kanji

格Status 差Difference

Explanation

The Japanese noun '格差 (かくさ)' refers to a 'gap' or 'disparity', often used in the context of social, economic, or educational differences. It highlights the inequality or difference in status, income, or opportunities between groups or individuals. For example: the income gap is widening「所得格差が広がっている」(しょとくかくさがひろがっている). There is a significant gap in educational opportunities「教育機会の格差が大きい」(きょういくきかいのかくさがおおきい). This term is frequently used in discussions about social issues, policy-making, and economic analysis.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6612

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Clarification

Reading

Kanji

判Judge, Stamp 明Bright

Explanation

The Japanese noun '判明 (はんめい)' refers to the act of something becoming clear or being clarified. It is often used in contexts where details, facts, or truths are revealed or discovered. For example: The cause of the accident was clarified「事故の原因が判明した」(じこのげんいんがはんめいした). The truth about the incident became clear「事件の真相が判明した」(じけんのしんそうがはんめいした). This term is commonly used in formal or investigative contexts, emphasizing the process of uncovering information.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6615

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Job change

Reading

Kanji

転Revolve 職Employment

Explanation

The Japanese noun '転職 (てんしょく)' refers to the act of changing one's job or career. It is commonly used when someone leaves their current job to start a new one, often in a different company or field. This term is neutral and can be used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: I am thinking about changing jobs「転職を考えています」(てんしょくをかんがえています). He successfully changed jobs last year「彼は去年転職に成功しました」(かれはきょねんてんしょくにせいこうしました). The word is often associated with career development or seeking better opportunities.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6627

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mix

Reading

Kanji

混Mix

Explanation

The Japanese verb '混ざる (まざる)' means 'to mix' or 'to be mixed'. It is used when two or more substances, elements, or things are combined or blended together. This verb often implies that the mixing happens naturally or unintentionally. For example: oil and water do not mix「油と水は混ざらない」(あぶらとみずはまざらない). Different colors mixed together「いろんな色が混ざった」(いろんないろがまざった). It can also be used metaphorically, such as when different ideas or cultures blend together. Note that '混ざる' is an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object; the subject itself is what gets mixed.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6638

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Integration

Reading

Kanji

統Unite 合Fit, Match

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '統合 (とうごう)' means 'integration'. It refers to the process of combining or unifying separate elements into a single, cohesive whole. This term is often used in contexts such as organizational mergers, system integrations, or the unification of ideas. For example: The integration of the two companies was successful「二つの会社の統合は成功した」(ふたつのかいしゃのとうごうはせいこうした). The system integration improved efficiency「システムの統合で効率が向上した」(システムのとうごうでこうりつがこうじょうした). Note that '統合' is commonly used in both technical and non-technical contexts to describe the merging of systems, organizations, or concepts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6651

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unification

Reading

Kanji

統Unite 一One

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '統一 (とういつ)' means 'unification'. It refers to the act of combining or integrating separate elements into a single, cohesive whole. This term is often used in contexts such as politics, organizations, or systems where disparate parts are brought together under a common framework or authority. For example: The unification of the two companies was successful「二つの会社の統一は成功した」(ふたつのかいしゃのとういつはせいこうした). The country aims for national unification「その国は国家統一を目指している」(そのくにはこっかとういつをめざしている). It can also be used in abstract contexts, such as unifying ideas or theories.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6652

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Statistics

Reading

Kanji

統Unite 計Measure, Plan

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '統計 (とうけい)' refers to 'statistics'. It is used to describe the collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and organization of data. This term is commonly used in academic, scientific, and business contexts. For example: The statistics show an increase in population「統計は人口の増加を示している」(とうけいはじんこうのぞうかをしめしている). We need to analyze the statistics「統計を分析する必要がある」(とうけいをぶんせきするひつようがある). The word can also be used in compound terms like '統計学 (とうけいがく)' which means 'statistics (as a field of study)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6653

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Integration

Reading

Kanji

総General, Total 合Fit, Match

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '総合 (そうごう)' means 'integration' or 'comprehensive synthesis'. It refers to the act of combining or unifying various elements into a coherent whole. This term is often used in contexts such as education, business, and research, where multiple aspects or disciplines are brought together. For example: The university offers a comprehensive program「大学は総合的なプログラムを提供しています」(だいがくはそうごうてきなプログラムをていきょうしています). The company aims for the integration of technology and design「会社は技術とデザインの総合を目指しています」(かいしゃはぎじゅつとデザインのそうごうをめざしています).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6654

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Total

Reading

Kanji

総General, Total 数Number

Explanation

The Japanese noun '総数 (そうすう)' means 'total' or 'total number'. It is used to refer to the sum or aggregate of a set of items, people, or things. This word is often used in formal or statistical contexts. For example: the total number of participants is 100「参加者の総数は100です」(さんかしゃのそうすうはひゃくです). The total population of the city is 500,000「その都市の総人口は50万です」(そのとしのそうじんこうはごじゅうまんです). Note that '総数' is typically used for countable quantities and emphasizes the overall sum.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6655

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Carbon

Reading

Kanji

炭Charcoal 素Element

Explanation

The Japanese noun '炭素 (たんそ)' refers to the chemical element 'carbon'. It is commonly used in scientific, environmental, and industrial contexts. Carbon is a fundamental element in organic chemistry and is essential for life. Example sentences: Carbon is an essential element for life「炭素は生命にとって不可欠な元素です」(たんそはせいめいにとってふかけつなげんそです). This material contains carbon「この材料には炭素が含まれています」(このざいりょうにはたんそがふくまれています).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6661

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Territory

Reading

Kanji

領Territory 土Soil

Explanation

The Japanese noun '領土 (りょうど)' refers to 'territory', specifically the land or area that is under the control or jurisdiction of a particular country or ruler. It is often used in political, geographical, or historical contexts. For example: Japan's territory includes many islands「日本の領土には多くの島が含まれている」(にほんのりょうどにはおおくのしまがふくまれている). The dispute over the territory continues「領土をめぐる争いは続いている」(りょうどをめぐるあらそいはつづいている). This term is neutral and can be used in both formal and informal settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6708

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Application

Reading

Kanji

適Suitable 用Use

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '適用 (てきよう)' means 'application' in the sense of applying a rule, law, principle, or method to a specific situation or case. It is commonly used in formal, legal, or technical contexts. For example: The new law will be applied next month「新しい法律が来月適用されます」(あたらしいほうりつがらいげつてきようされます). This method is not applicable to all cases「この方法はすべてのケースに適用できません」(このほうほうはすべてのケースにてきようできません). The word often implies the act of putting something into practice or enforcing a rule.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6713

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Appropriate

Reading

Kanji

適Suitable 切Cut

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '適切 (てきせつ)' means 'appropriate' or 'suitable'. It is used to describe something that is fitting or proper for a particular situation or purpose. This word is often used in formal or professional contexts to indicate that something is well-suited or correct. For example: His response was appropriate「彼の返答は適切だった」(かれのへんとうはてきせつだった). We need to take appropriate measures「適切な対策を取る必要がある」(てきせつなたいさくをとるひつようがある). The word can also be used to describe actions, decisions, or solutions that are well-considered and fitting for the circumstances.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6714

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Adaptation

Reading

Kanji

適Suitable 応Answer, Respond

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '適応 (てきおう)' refers to the process of adapting or adjusting to new conditions, environments, or situations. It is commonly used in contexts where individuals, organisms, or systems change to better fit or survive in their surroundings. For example: The animal's adaptation to the cold climate was remarkable「その動物の寒い気候への適応は素晴らしかった」(そのどうぶつのさむいきこうへのてきおうはすばらしかった). He quickly adapted to the new work environment「彼は新しい職場環境にすぐに適応した」(かれはあたらしいしょくばかんきょうにすぐにてきおうした). This term is often used in both biological and social contexts, emphasizing the ability to adjust effectively.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6715

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Suitable, Random

Reading

Kanji

適Suitable 当Hit, Appropriate

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '適当 (てきとう)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'suitable' or 'appropriate', referring to something that fits a particular purpose or situation. For example: This tool is suitable for the job「この道具は仕事に適当です」(このどうぐはしごとにてきとうです). The second meaning is 'random' or 'careless', often implying a lack of thought or effort. For example: He gave a random answer「彼は適当に答えた」(かれはてきとうにこたえた). The context usually clarifies which meaning is intended, as the word can be ambiguous without additional information.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6716

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Moderate

Reading

Kanji

適Suitable 度Degrees, Times

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '適度 (てきど)' means 'moderate'. It is used to describe something that is neither too much nor too little, but just the right amount. This term is often used in contexts related to health, exercise, diet, and work-life balance. For example: moderate exercise is good for health「適度な運動は健康に良い」(てきどなうんどうはけんこうにいい). It's important to maintain a moderate pace「適度なペースを保つことが大切です」(てきどなぺーすをたもつことがたいせつです). The word can also be used to describe the intensity or degree of something, such as '適度な緊張 (てきどなきんちょう)' which means 'moderate tension'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6717

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Precincts

Reading

Kanji

境Boundary, Border 内Inside

Explanation

The Japanese noun '境内 (けいだい)' refers to the precincts or grounds of a shrine or temple. It specifically denotes the area within the boundaries of a religious site, often including the main buildings, gardens, and other structures. For example: the precincts of the shrine are beautiful「神社の境内は美しい」(じんじゃのけいだいはうつくしい). We walked around the temple precincts「お寺の境内を歩きました」(おてらのけいだいであるきました). This term is commonly used in the context of Japanese religious and cultural sites.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6719

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Measurement

Reading

Kanji

測Measure, Conjecture 定Determine

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '測定 (そくてい)' means 'measurement'. It refers to the act of measuring or determining the size, amount, or degree of something. This term is commonly used in scientific, technical, and everyday contexts. For example: The measurement of temperature is important「温度の測定は重要です」(おんどのそくていはじゅうようです). We conducted a measurement of the room's dimensions「部屋の寸法の測定を行いました」(へやのすんぽうのそくていをおこないました). The word can also be used in compound terms like '測定器 (そくていき)' (measuring instrument).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6729

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Value, Price

Reading

Kanji

価Price 額Amount, Forehead

Explanation

The Japanese noun '価額 (かがく)' refers to the monetary value or price of something. It is often used in formal or business contexts to discuss the cost or valuation of goods, services, or assets. For example: the price of the product「その商品の価額」(そのしょうひんのかがく). The value of the property「その不動産の価額」(そのふどうさんのかがく). This term is more formal and less commonly used in everyday conversation compared to words like '値段 (ねだん)' or '価格 (かかく)', which also mean 'price'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6731

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Active

Reading

Kanji

現Appear, Current 役Duty

Explanation

The Japanese noun '現役 (げんえき)' primarily means 'active' and is used to describe someone who is currently engaged in a particular role, profession, or activity. It is often used in contexts such as sports, work, or education to indicate that someone is still actively participating rather than retired or inactive. For example: He is an active player「彼は現役の選手です」(かれはげんえきのせんしゅです). She is still an active student「彼女はまだ現役の学生です」(かのじょはまだげんえきのがくせいです). The term can also imply a sense of being in one's prime or currently performing at a high level.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6750

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Approach

Reading

Kanji

近Near 寄Draw near

Explanation

The Japanese verb '近寄る (ちかよる)' means 'to approach' or 'to come near'. It is used to describe the action of moving closer to something or someone, either physically or metaphorically. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as approaching a person, an object, or even an abstract concept like danger. For example: The dog approached the stranger「犬がその見知らぬ人に近寄った」(いぬがそのみしらぬひとにちかよった). Don't approach the edge of the cliff「崖の端に近寄らないで」(がけのはしにちかよらないで). The verb often implies a deliberate or cautious movement towards something.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6760

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Detour

Reading

Kanji

寄Draw near 道Way

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '寄り道 (よりみち)' refers to taking a detour or making a side trip. It is often used to describe stopping by a place on the way to a primary destination, either intentionally or spontaneously. For example: I made a detour to the bookstore「本屋に寄り道しました」(ほんやによりみちしました). She took a detour to buy some snacks「彼女はお菓子を買いに寄り道した」(かのじょはおかしをかいによりみちした). This word carries a casual and often positive connotation, implying a leisurely or enjoyable diversion rather than an inconvenient one.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6761

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Gather

Reading

Kanji

寄Draw near 集Gather

Explanation

The Japanese verb '寄り集まる (よりあつまる)' means 'to gather' or 'to come together'. It is used to describe people or things coming together in one place, often implying a sense of unity or collective action. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as people gathering for a meeting, birds flocking together, or even abstract ideas converging. For example: The students gathered in the classroom「学生たちが教室に寄り集まった」(がくせいたちがきょうしつによりあつまった). The birds gathered on the tree「鳥たちが木に寄り集まった」(とりたちがきによりあつまった). The verb often carries a nuance of natural or spontaneous gathering rather than a forced or organized one.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6762

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Satellite

Reading

Kanji

衛Protect, Defense 星Star

Explanation

The Japanese noun '衛星 (えいせい)' means 'satellite'. This term is used to refer to both natural satellites, such as the moon, and artificial satellites launched into space for communication, observation, or scientific purposes. For example: The moon is Earth's natural satellite「月は地球の衛星です」(つきはちきゅうのえいせいです). Japan launched a new satellite「日本は新しい衛星を打ち上げた」(にほんはあたらしいえいせいをうちあげた). The word is commonly used in scientific, technological, and astronomical contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6767

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cut, Sever

Reading

Kanji

断Decide, Cut off

Explanation

The Japanese verb '断つ (たつ)' primarily means 'to cut' or 'to sever'. It is used to describe the act of cutting something off or discontinuing it, often in a decisive or final manner. This verb can be applied to physical actions, such as cutting a rope, or abstract actions, such as breaking a habit or ending a relationship. For example: He decided to cut ties with his old friends「彼は古い友人との関係を断つことにした」(かれはふるいゆうじんとかんけいをたつことにした). She quit smoking「彼女はタバコを断った」(かのじょはタバコをたった). The nuance of '断つ' often implies a deliberate and sometimes difficult decision to end or stop something.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6782

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Interruption

Reading

Kanji

中Center 断Decide, Cut off

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '中断 (ちゅうだん)' means 'interruption' or 'suspension'. It refers to the act of stopping something temporarily, often due to an external factor or a decision to pause. This term is commonly used in contexts such as work, events, or processes. For example: The meeting was interrupted「会議が中断した」(かいぎがちゅうだんした). Due to the rain, the game was suspended「雨のため、試合が中断した」(あめのため、しあいがちゅうだんした). It can also be used in compound verbs like '中断する (ちゅうだんする)' to mean 'to interrupt' or 'to suspend'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6790

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Water cut off

Reading

Kanji

断Decide, Cut off 水Water

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '断水 (だんすい)' refers to the act of cutting off the water supply, often due to maintenance, repairs, or emergencies. It is commonly used in contexts where water services are temporarily suspended. For example: There will be a water cutoff tomorrow「明日は断水です」(あしたはだんすいです). The water cutoff lasted for three hours「断水は三時間続きました」(だんすいさんじかんつづきました). This term is frequently seen in public announcements or notices about water service interruptions.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6791

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Carelessness

Reading

Kanji

油Oil 断Decide, Cut off

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '油断 (ゆだん)' means 'carelessness' or 'negligence'. It is often used to describe a lack of attention or caution, which can lead to mistakes or accidents. This word is commonly used in warnings or advice to remind someone to stay alert. For example: Don't let your guard down「油断しないで」(ゆだんしないで). His carelessness caused the accident「彼の油断が事故を引き起こした」(かれのゆだんがじこをひきおこした). The phrase '油断大敵 (ゆだんたいてき)' is a common saying meaning 'carelessness is your greatest enemy', emphasizing the importance of staying vigilant.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6792

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Conclusion

Reading

Kanji

断Decide, Cut off 定Determine

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '断定 (だんてい)' means 'conclusion' or 'definite decision'. It is used to express a firm or definitive judgment about something. This word often appears in formal or logical contexts, such as in discussions, debates, or written analyses. For example: He reached a conclusion「彼は断定した」(かれはだんていした). The evidence led to a definite conclusion「その証拠は断定を導いた」(そのしょうこはだんていをみちびいた). Note that '断定' is often used with verbs like 'する' to form the phrase '断定する', meaning 'to conclude' or 'to assert definitively'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6793

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Transport

Reading

Kanji

輸Transport 送Send

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '輸送 (ゆそう)' means 'transport'. It refers to the act of moving goods, people, or materials from one place to another, often over a distance. This term is commonly used in contexts related to logistics, shipping, and transportation industries. For example: The transport of goods was delayed「輸送が遅れた」(ゆそうがおくれた). Efficient transport is essential for the economy「効率的な輸送は経済に不可欠だ」(こうりつてきなゆそうはけいざいにふかけつだ). Note that '輸送' is often used in formal or technical contexts, and it can be combined with other words to specify the type of transport, such as '海上輸送 (かいじょうゆそう)' (maritime transport) or '航空輸送 (こうくうゆそう)' (air transport).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6832

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Revival

Reading

Kanji

復Restore 活Lively

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '復活 (ふっかつ)' means 'revival' or 'resurrection'. It is used to describe the act of bringing something back to life, restoring it to a previous state, or making it active again. This word is often used in contexts such as cultural events, religious contexts, or even in everyday situations where something is being restored. For example: The festival was revived「祭りが復活した」(まつりがふっかつした). The old tradition has been brought back「古い伝統が復活した」(ふるいでんとうがふっかつした). It can also be used metaphorically, such as in the revival of a business or a trend.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6833

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Maintenance, Conservation

Reading

Kanji

保Preserve 守Protect

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '保守 (ほしゅ)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'conservation', which refers to the act of preserving or protecting something, such as the environment or cultural heritage. For example: conservation of nature「自然の保守」(しぜんのほしゅ). The second meaning is 'maintenance', which refers to the act of keeping something in good condition or ensuring its proper functioning. For example: maintenance of equipment「設備の保守」(せつびのほしゅ). These two meanings are distinct and should not be confused. The word is commonly used in technical, environmental, and political contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6845

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

House sitting

Reading

Kanji

留Stay, Detain 守Protect 番Turn

Explanation

The Japanese noun '留守番 (るすばん)' refers to the act of looking after a house or property while the owner is away. It is commonly used when someone stays at home to take care of things, such as receiving packages, watching over pets, or ensuring security. For example: I will do the house-sitting「私が留守番をします」(わたしがるすばんをします). The dog is good at house-sitting「その犬は留守番が上手です」(そのいぬはるすばんがじょうずです). This term is often used in contexts where someone is temporarily responsible for a home in the absence of its usual occupants.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6846

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lecturer

Reading

Kanji

講Lecture 師Master, Expert

Explanation

The Japanese noun '講師 (こうし)' refers to a 'lecturer' or 'instructor', typically someone who teaches at educational institutions, seminars, or workshops. This term is often used in academic or professional settings to denote someone who delivers lectures or provides specialized instruction. For example: The lecturer explained the theory clearly「講師は理論をはっきりと説明した」(こうしはりろんをはっきりとせつめいした). She works as a part-time lecturer at the university「彼女は大学で非常勤講師として働いている」(かのじょはだいがくでひじょうきんこうしとしてはたらいている). Note that '講師' can also refer to instructors in non-academic contexts, such as fitness or art classes.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6847

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Roundtrip

Reading

Kanji

往Journey, Go on 復Restore

Explanation

The Japanese noun '往復 (おうふく)' refers to a round trip, meaning going to a destination and returning. It is commonly used in contexts like transportation (e.g., train or plane tickets) or communication (e.g., letters or emails). For example: I bought a round-trip ticket「往復のチケットを買いました」(おうふくのチケットをかいました). The round-trip fare is 5,000 yen「往復料金は5000円です」(おうふくりょうきんはごせんえんです). This word can also metaphorically describe the back-and-forth nature of communication or exchanges.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6865

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Security

Reading

Kanji

安Cheap, Relax 保Preserve

Explanation

The Japanese noun '安保 (あんぽ)' is an abbreviation of '安全保障 (あんぜんほしょう)', which means 'security' or 'safety'. It is commonly used in contexts related to national security, international relations, or defense policies. For example: The government is discussing security issues「政府は安保問題を話し合っている」(せいふはあんぽもんだいをはなしあっている). The treaty focuses on regional security「その条約は地域の安保に焦点を当てている」(そのじょうやくはちいきのあんぽにしょうてんをあてている). This term is often used in formal or political discussions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6903

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Attachment

Reading

Kanji

付Attach 属Belong

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '付属 (ふぞく)' refers to something that is attached or appended to a main object or entity. It is often used in contexts where additional items or features come with a primary product, such as accessories or supplementary materials. For example: The manual is an attachment to the product「マニュアルは製品に付属しています」(マニュアルはせいひんにふぞくしています). This school has many affiliated facilities「この学校には多くの付属施設があります」(このがっこうにはおおくのふぞくしせつがあります). The term can also imply a sense of belonging or being part of a larger system or organization.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6916

Composition

kanji

Handwriting