言Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Kanji School Grade

word

Meaning

Counter

Reading

Kanji

冊Book, Volume

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '冊 (さつ)' is a counter used specifically for books, magazines, and other bound printed materials. It is attached to numbers to count these items. For example: one book「一冊」(いっさつ), two books「二冊」(にさつ). This counter is essential when discussing quantities of books or similar items in Japanese. Example sentences: I bought three books「本を三冊買いました」(ほんをさんさつかいました). She has five magazines「彼女は雑誌を五冊持っています」(かのじょはざっしをごさつもっています).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2697

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Demonstration

Reading

Kanji

揮Wield, Display 発Departure

Explanation

The Japanese noun '発揮 (はっき)' refers to the act of demonstrating, displaying, or bringing out one's abilities, skills, or qualities. It is often used in contexts where someone shows their potential or capabilities in a noticeable way. For example: He demonstrated his leadership skills「彼はリーダーシップを発揮した」(かれはりーだーしっぷをはっきした). She showed her talent in the competition「彼女は競技で才能を発揮した」(かのじょはきょうぎでさいのうをはっきした). This word is commonly used in both professional and personal contexts to highlight the manifestation of one's abilities.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2720

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Employment

Reading

Kanji

業Business 従Follow, Obey

Explanation

The Japanese noun '従業 (じゅうぎょう)' refers to 'employment' or 'working'. It is often used in formal or business contexts to describe the state of being employed or the act of working for a company or organization. For example: He is seeking employment「彼は従業を求めている」(かれはじゅうぎょうをもとめている). The company provides stable employment「その会社は安定した従業を提供する」(そのかいしゃはあんていしたじゅうぎょうをていきょうする). Note that this term is more formal and less commonly used in everyday conversation compared to words like '仕事 (しごと)' (work/job).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2766

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Follow

Reading

Kanji

沿Along

Explanation

The Japanese verb '沿う (そう)' means 'to follow' or 'to run alongside'. It is often used to describe something that physically follows a path, route, or boundary, such as a road following a river or a train line following a coastline. It can also be used metaphorically to describe adhering to a plan, guideline, or principle. For example: The road follows the river「道は川に沿っている」(みちはかわにそっている). We followed the plan「私たちは計画に沿った」(わたしたちはけいかくにそった). Note that this verb is commonly used with the particle 'に' to indicate what is being followed.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2824

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Know

Reading

Kanji

存Exist, Suppose

Explanation

The Japanese verb '存ずる (ぞんずる)' is a humble and formal way to express 'know' or 'be aware of'. It is often used in polite or formal contexts, particularly when referring to oneself or one's own knowledge. This verb is less common in casual speech and is typically replaced by '知る (しる)' in everyday conversation. Example sentences: I am aware of the situation「その状況を存じております」(そのじょうきょうをぞんじております). I know Mr. Tanaka「田中さんを存じております」(たなかさんをぞんじております). Note that this verb is often used in business or formal settings to show respect.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2876

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Carry, Hoax

Reading

Kanji

担Bear, Carry

Explanation

The Japanese verb '担ぐ (かつぐ)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to carry on the shoulder', often used when someone is physically carrying something heavy, like a load or a person. For example: He carried the luggage on his shoulder「彼は荷物を担いだ」(かれはにもつをかついだ). The second meaning is 'to hoax' or 'to trick someone', often used in a playful or deceptive context. For example: They hoaxed him into believing a fake story「彼らは彼を担いで偽の話を信じさせた」(かれらはかれをかついでにせのはなしをしんじさせた). These two meanings are unrelated, so both are included.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2879

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Of course, Naturally

Reading

Kanji

論Theory, Argument 無Nothing

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '無論 (むろん)' means 'naturally' or 'of course'. It is used to express something that is obvious or goes without saying. This word is often used in formal or written contexts to emphasize that something is self-evident or unquestionable. For example: Naturally, he agreed「無論、彼は同意した」(むろん、かれはどういした). Of course, I will help you「無論、手伝いますよ」(むろん、てつだいますよ). Note that '無論' is more formal than casual alternatives like 'もちろん'.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2889

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Finish

Reading

Kanji

済Finish, Settle

Explanation

The Japanese verb '済ませる (すませる)' means 'to finish' or 'to get something done'. It is often used to indicate the completion of a task, chore, or obligation. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as finishing work, completing errands, or settling matters. For example: I finished my homework「宿題を済ませた」(しゅくだいをすませた). Let's get this meeting done quickly「この会議を早く済ませましょう」(このかいぎをはやくすませましょう). The verb can also imply a sense of relief or accomplishment after completing something.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2891

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Finish, Settle

Reading

Kanji

済Finish, Settle

Explanation

The Japanese verb '済ます (すます)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to finish' or 'to complete', often used when referring to tasks or obligations. The second meaning is 'to settle', which can refer to resolving a matter or debt. For example: I finished my homework「宿題を済ました」(しゅくだいをすました). He settled the debt「彼は借金を済ました」(かれはしゃっきんをすました). The verb can also imply a sense of finality or closure, and it is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2896

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Discuss, Argue

Reading

Kanji

論Theory, Argument

Explanation

The Japanese verb '論ずる (ろんずる)' means 'to discuss' or 'to argue'. It is used when engaging in a detailed discussion or debate about a topic, often involving logical reasoning or analysis. This verb is more formal and is commonly used in academic, professional, or intellectual contexts. For example: We discussed the future of technology「私たちは技術の未来について論じた」(わたしたちはぎじゅつのみらいについてろんじた). He argued the merits of the proposal「彼はその提案の利点を論じた」(かれはそのていあんのりてんをろんじた). Note that '論ずる' is often interchangeable with '論じる (ろんじる)', which has the same meaning but is more commonly used in modern Japanese.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2902

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Thermometer

Reading

Kanji

計Measure, Plan 暖Warm 寒Cold

Explanation

The Japanese noun '寒暖計 (かんだんけい)' refers to a 'thermometer', a device used to measure temperature. This word is a compound of '寒 (かん)' meaning 'cold', '暖 (だん)' meaning 'warm', and '計 (けい)' meaning 'meter' or 'gauge'. It is commonly used in contexts related to weather, health, or scientific measurements. For example: The thermometer shows the temperature「寒暖計は温度を示しています」(かんだんけいはおんどをしめしています). I bought a new thermometer「新しい寒暖計を買いました」(あたらしいかんだんけいをかいました).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2925

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Student discount

Reading

Kanji

割Divide, Split 学Learn

Explanation

The Japanese noun '学割 (がくわり)' refers to a 'student discount'. This term is commonly used in Japan to denote special pricing or discounts offered to students on various services and products, such as transportation, entertainment, and educational materials. For example: I used the student discount for the train ticket「学割で電車の切符を買いました」(がくわりででんしゃのきっぷをかいました). The museum offers a student discount「その博物館は学割があります」(そのはくぶつかんはがくわりがあります). It's important for students to carry their student ID to avail of these discounts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2936

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Schedule

Reading

Kanji

時Time, Hour 割Divide, Split 間Interval, Space

Explanation

The Japanese noun '時間割り (じかんわり)' refers to a 'schedule' or 'timetable', specifically one that outlines the timing and arrangement of events, classes, or activities. It is commonly used in educational settings to describe a school timetable, but it can also apply to other structured plans. For example: The school schedule is busy「学校の時間割りは忙しい」(がっこうのじかんわりはいそがしい). I checked my class schedule「私は時間割りを確認した」(わたしはじかんわりをかくにんした). The word emphasizes the organization of time, often in a fixed or recurring pattern.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2937

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Balance

Reading

Kanji

支Branch, Support 収Obtain

Explanation

The Japanese noun '収支 (しゅうし)' refers to the 'balance' between income and expenses, often used in financial or budgetary contexts. It is commonly used to describe the financial state of a company, organization, or individual. For example: The company's balance is stable「会社の収支は安定している」(かいしゃのしゅうしはあんていしている). We need to check the monthly balance「月次の収支を確認する必要がある」(げつじのしゅうしをかくにんするひつようがある). This term is essential in discussions about budgeting, accounting, and financial planning.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2951

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

System, Structure

Reading

Kanji

系Lineage 体Body

Explanation

The Japanese noun '体系 (たいけい)' refers to a 'system' or 'structure', often used to describe an organized framework or a coherent arrangement of parts. It can be applied to various contexts, such as academic theories, organizational structures, or even natural systems. For example: The education system is well-organized「教育体系はよく整っている」(きょういくたいけいはよくととのっている). This theory has a logical structure「この理論は論理的な体系を持っている」(このりろんはろんりてきなたいけいをもっている). The word emphasizes the idea of interconnected parts forming a whole.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2957

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Office

Reading

Kanji

署Government office

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '署 (しょ)' is commonly used to denote an office or station, particularly in the context of government or public services. It is often attached to the name of the service or function to specify the type of office. For example, a police station is called '警察署 (けいさつしょ)', and a fire station is referred to as '消防署 (しょうぼうしょ)'. This suffix is typically used in formal contexts and is an essential part of the vocabulary when discussing public services or institutions. Example sentences include: I went to the police station「警察署に行きました」(けいさつしょにいきました). The fire station is nearby「消防署は近くです」(しょうぼうしょはちかくです).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2970

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Young

Reading

Kanji

幼Childhood, Infancy

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '幼い (おさない)' means 'young'. It is used to describe someone or something that is in an early stage of life or development. This word often carries a nuance of immaturity or inexperience, and it can be used for both people and animals. For example: The child is still young「その子はまだ幼い」(そのこはまだおさない). Her dreams are still young and naive「彼女の夢はまだ幼い」(かのじょのゆめはまだおさない). Note that '幼い' can also imply a sense of innocence or lack of sophistication, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3010

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Evening

Reading

Kanji

晩Evening, Nightfall

Explanation

The Japanese noun '晩 (ばん)' refers to the time of day known as 'evening'. It is used to describe the period from late afternoon to night. This term is often used in contexts related to time, such as scheduling or describing daily routines. For example: I will go in the evening「晩に行きます」(ばんにいきます). We had dinner in the evening「晩に夕食を食べました」(ばんにゆうしょくをたべました). It's important to note that '晩' can also be used in compound words to specify times, such as '今晩 (こんばん)' meaning 'tonight'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3031

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rainfall

Reading

Kanji

降Descend, Fall 雨Rain

Explanation

The Japanese noun '雨降り (あめふり)' refers to the act or state of rain falling, or simply 'rainfall'. It is often used to describe rainy weather or a rainy day. For example: today is a day of rainfall「今日は雨降りの日です」(きょうはあめふりのひです). The rainfall stopped「雨降りが止んだ」(あめふりがやんだ). This word is commonly used in everyday conversation to describe weather conditions, and it can also be used metaphorically to describe a situation where something is falling or descending like rain.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3038

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fare

Reading

Kanji

運Fortune 賃Rent, Fare

Explanation

The Japanese noun '運賃 (うんちん)' refers to the 'fare' or 'transportation fee' that one pays for using public transportation services such as trains, buses, or taxis. It is commonly used in contexts related to travel and commuting. For example: The train fare is expensive「電車の運賃は高いです」(でんしゃのうんちんはたかいです). How much is the bus fare?「バスの運賃はいくらですか」(バスのうんちんはいくらですか). This term is essential for anyone navigating public transportation in Japan, as it directly relates to the cost of travel.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3059

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Life

Reading

Kanji

暮Livelihood

Explanation

The Japanese noun '暮らし (くらし)' refers to 'life' in the sense of daily living or lifestyle. It encompasses the way one lives, including daily routines, living conditions, and overall lifestyle. This word is often used to discuss the quality or style of life someone leads. For example: Her life is peaceful「彼女の暮らしは平和です」(かのじょのくらしはへいわです). I want to live a simple life「私はシンプルな暮らしがしたい」(わたしはシンプルなくらしがしたい). The term can also imply the economic or social aspects of living, such as in 'a life of luxury'「ぜいたくな暮らし」(ぜいたくなくらし).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3097

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Infection

Reading

Kanji

染Dye 感Feeling, Sensation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '感染 (かんせん)' refers to 'infection'. It is commonly used in medical or health-related contexts to describe the process or state of being infected by a pathogen, such as a virus, bacteria, or parasite. For example: The infection spread quickly「感染が急速に広がった」(かんせんがきゅうそくにひろがった). To prevent infection, wash your hands「感染を防ぐために手を洗いなさい」(かんせんをふせぐためにてをあらいなさい). This word can also be used metaphorically to describe the spread of ideas or emotions, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3124

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Apology

Reading

Kanji

訳Reason, Translation 申Report

Explanation

The Japanese noun '申し訳 (もうしわけ)' primarily means 'apology' or 'excuse'. It is often used to express regret or to offer an explanation for a mistake or inconvenience. This word is commonly used in formal or polite contexts, such as in business or customer service settings. For example: I offer my deepest apologies「心より申し訳ございません」(こころよりもうしわけございません). There is no excuse for this「これについての申し訳はありません」(これについてのもうしわけはありません). The word can also be used in phrases like '申し訳ない (もうしわけない)', which means 'I'm sorry' or 'I have no excuse'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3125

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Handling

Reading

Kanji

処Deal with 対Against

Explanation

The Japanese noun '対処 (たいしょ)' means 'handling' or 'dealing with'. It refers to the act of managing or addressing a situation, problem, or task. This word is often used in contexts where one needs to take action to resolve or manage something. For example: proper handling of the situation is necessary「状況の適切な対処が必要です」(じょうきょうのてきせつなたいしょがひつようです). He is good at handling difficult problems「彼は難しい問題の対処が上手です」(かれはむずかしいもんだいのたいしょがじょうずです). The word can also imply a sense of strategy or method in dealing with challenges.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3130

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Candidate

Reading

Kanji

候Climate 補Supplement

Explanation

The Japanese noun '候補 (こうほ)' means 'candidate'. It is commonly used to refer to someone who is being considered for a position, role, or opportunity. This term is often used in political, professional, or academic contexts. For example: he is a candidate for the position「彼はそのポジションの候補です」(かれはそのポジションのこうほです). She is a candidate for the scholarship「彼女は奨学金の候補です」(かのじょはしょうがくきんのこうほです). The word can also be used in broader contexts, such as being a candidate for a prize or an award.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3134

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wind, Roll

Reading

Kanji

巻Scroll

Explanation

The Japanese verb '巻く (まく)' primarily means 'to roll' or 'to wind'. It is used to describe the action of rolling something up, such as a scroll, a carpet, or even hair. It can also mean to wind something around an object, like winding a string around a spool. For example: I rolled up the scroll「巻物を巻いた」(まきものをまいた). She wound the thread around the spool「糸を糸巻きに巻いた」(いとをいとまきにまいた). The verb can also be used metaphorically, such as in the phrase '巻き込む (まきこむ)', which means 'to involve' or 'to entangle'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3160

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Assistance, Subsidy

Reading

Kanji

助Help 補Supplement

Explanation

The Japanese noun '補助 (ほじょ)' can mean 'assistance' or 'subsidy', depending on the context. When referring to 'assistance', it often implies support or help provided to someone or something, such as in a collaborative effort. For example: The government provides assistance to small businesses「政府は中小企業に補助を提供する」(せいふはちゅうしょうきぎょうにほじょをていきょうする). When referring to 'subsidy', it typically involves financial aid or support, often from a government or organization. For example: The project received a subsidy from the local government「そのプロジェクトは地方自治体から補助を受けた」(そのプロジェクトはちほうじちたいからほじょをうけた). The word is commonly used in formal or official contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3183

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stick

Reading

Kanji

棒Pole, Bar

Explanation

The Japanese noun '棒 (ぼう)' means 'stick'. This word refers to a long, thin, and usually cylindrical object made of wood, metal, or another material. It is commonly used to describe objects like a walking stick, a rod, or even a baton. For example: He picked up a stick「彼は棒を拾った」(かれはぼうをひろった). The conductor waved the baton「指揮者が棒を振った」(しきしゃがぼうをふった). In some contexts, '棒' can also refer to a straight line or a bar, such as in graphs or diagrams. However, the primary and most common meaning is 'stick'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3189

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Account

Reading

Kanji

口Mouth 座Sit, Seat

Explanation

The Japanese noun '口座 (こうざ)' refers to a bank account. It is commonly used in contexts related to banking, finance, and transactions. For example: I opened a new bank account「新しい口座を開きました」(あたらしいこうざをひらきました). Please transfer the money to my account「私の口座にお金を振り込んでください」(わたしのこうざにおかねをふりこんでください). The term is neutral and can refer to any type of bank account, whether it's for savings, checking, or other purposes.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3198

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Muscle

Reading

Kanji

肉Meat 筋Muscle, Tendon

Explanation

The Japanese noun '筋肉 (きんにく)' means 'muscle'. It refers to the tissue in the body that contracts to produce movement. This word is commonly used in contexts related to anatomy, fitness, and health. For example: He has strong muscles「彼は筋肉が強い」(かれはきんにくがつよい). I need to exercise to build muscle「筋肉をつけるために運動が必要だ」(きんにくをつけるためにうんどうがひつようだ). The term can also be used metaphorically to describe strength or effort, as in '筋肉労働 (きんにくろうどう) (manual labor)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3201

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Storehouse

Reading

Kanji

蔵Storehouse

Explanation

The Japanese noun '蔵 (くら)' refers to a 'storehouse' or 'warehouse', a place where goods, especially food, alcohol, or valuables, are stored. It is often associated with traditional Japanese architecture and is commonly used in contexts related to storage, preservation, or historical buildings. For example: The sake is stored in the storehouse「酒は蔵に保管されている」(さけはくらにほかんされている). This old storehouse has been here for centuries「この古い蔵は何世紀も前からここにある」(このふるいくらはなんせいきもまえからここにある). The term can also be used metaphorically to describe a repository of knowledge or memories.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3208

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sugar

Reading

Kanji

砂Sand 糖Sugar

Explanation

The Japanese noun '砂糖 (さとう)' means 'sugar'. It refers to the sweet crystalline substance used to flavor food and drinks. This word is commonly used in everyday contexts, such as cooking or discussing food. For example: I put sugar in my coffee「コーヒーに砂糖を入れました」(コーヒーにさとうをいれました). This cake has a lot of sugar「このケーキは砂糖が多い」(このケーキはさとうがおおい). The word '砂糖' is neutral in tone and can be used in both formal and informal settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3247

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Appearance, Pattern

Reading

Kanji

様Way, Form 模Imitation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '模様 (もよう)' primarily means 'pattern', referring to designs or arrangements, such as on fabric or in nature. It can also mean 'appearance' or 'state', indicating how something looks or the condition it is in. For example: The kimono has a beautiful pattern「その着物は美しい模様がある」(そのきものはうつくしいもようがある). The weather seems to be taking a turn for the worse「天気が悪くなる模様だ」(てんきがわるくなるもようだ). The dual meanings are context-dependent, with 'pattern' being more common in physical descriptions and 'appearance' used in more abstract or situational contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3253

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Nobility

Reading

Kanji

貴Precious 族Family

Explanation

The Japanese noun '貴族 (きぞく)' refers to 'nobility' or 'aristocracy'. It describes a social class of people who hold hereditary titles or ranks, often associated with wealth, power, and privilege. This term is commonly used in historical or formal contexts to refer to the elite class in feudal or monarchical societies. For example: The nobility lived in grand castles「貴族は大きな城に住んでいた」(きぞくはおおきなしろにすんでいた). She comes from a family of nobility「彼女は貴族の家系です」(かのじょはきぞくのかけいです). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe someone with refined or elegant qualities, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3279

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Profit, Revenue

Reading

Kanji

益Profit, Benefit 収Obtain

Explanation

The Japanese noun '収益 (しゅうえき)' refers to financial gain or income generated from business activities, investments, or other sources. It can mean both 'profit' (net gain after expenses) and 'revenue' (total income before expenses), depending on the context. For example: The company's profit increased「会社の収益が増えた」(かいしゃのしゅうえきがふえた). This quarter's revenue exceeded expectations「今期の収益は予想を上回った」(こんきのしゅうえきはよそうをうわまわった). The word is commonly used in business and financial contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3291

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Discussion

Reading

Kanji

論Theory, Argument 議Deliberation

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '議論 (ぎろん)' means 'discussion' or 'debate'. It refers to the act of discussing or debating a topic, often involving an exchange of opinions or arguments. This word is commonly used in formal or serious contexts, such as academic, political, or professional settings. For example: We had a heated discussion about the policy「私たちはその政策について熱い議論をした」(わたしたちはそのせいさくについてあついぎろんをした). The debate on environmental issues continues「環境問題についての議論は続いている」(かんきょうもんだいについてのぎろんはつづいている). Note that '議論' often implies a structured or formal exchange of ideas, rather than casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3294

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Conclusion

Reading

Kanji

結Tie, Bind 論Theory, Argument

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '結論 (けつろん)' means 'conclusion'. It refers to the final decision or judgment reached after considering all the facts or arguments. This word is often used in formal or logical contexts, such as debates, discussions, or academic writing. For example: we reached a conclusion「私たちは結論に達した」(わたしたちはけつろんにたっした). The conclusion of the report was clear「報告書の結論は明確だった」(ほうこくしょのけつろんはめいかくだった). It can also be used in phrases like '結論を出す (けつろんをだす)', which means 'to draw a conclusion'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3295

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Discussion, Speech

Reading

Kanji

論Theory, Argument 言Say

Explanation

The Japanese noun '言論 (げんろん)' refers to 'speech' or 'discussion', particularly in the context of public expression or debate. It is often used in formal or political contexts to describe the act of expressing opinions or ideas openly. For example: Freedom of speech is important「言論の自由は大切だ」(げんろんのじゆうはたいせつだ). The discussion about the policy was heated「その政策についての言論は白熱した」(そのせいさくについてのげんろんははくねつした). This word is commonly associated with the concept of free speech and intellectual discourse.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3297

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Probe

Reading

Kanji

探Search

Explanation

The Japanese verb '探る (さぐる)' means 'to probe' or 'to investigate'. It is used to describe the act of searching or exploring something, often with a sense of careful examination or investigation. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as physically searching for something, investigating a situation, or exploring someone's feelings or intentions. For example: he probed the depths of the cave「彼は洞窟の奥を探った」(かれはどうくつのおくをさぐった). She tried to probe his true intentions「彼女は彼の本当の意図を探ろうとした」(かのじょはかれのほんとうのいとをさぐろうとした). The detective probed the mystery「探偵はその謎を探った」(たんていはそのなぞをさぐった).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3300

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rare, Grateful

Reading

Kanji

有Exist 難Difficult

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '有り難い (ありがたい)' has two primary meanings. The first and most common meaning is 'grateful' or 'thankful', expressing deep appreciation for something received or experienced. For example: I am grateful for your help「あなたの助けは有り難い」(あなたのたすけはありがたい). The second meaning is 'rare' or 'precious', referring to something that is uncommon or hard to come by. For example: Such kindness is rare「そのような親切は有り難い」(そのようなしんせつはありがたい). The word originates from the idea that something is so rare or precious that it feels like a blessing, hence the dual meanings. It is often used in formal or heartfelt contexts to express gratitude or acknowledge the rarity of a situation.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3303

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Masses

Reading

Kanji

衆Multitude 民People, Nation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '民衆 (みんしゅう)' refers to 'the masses' or 'the general public'. It is used to describe a large group of ordinary people, often in the context of society, politics, or history. This term carries a neutral to slightly formal tone and is commonly used in discussions about collective action, public opinion, or societal movements. Example sentences: The masses supported the movement「民衆はその運動を支持した」(みんしゅうはそのうんどうをしじした). The voice of the masses cannot be ignored「民衆の声は無視できない」(みんしゅうのこえはむしできない).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3307

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Economical

Reading

Kanji

経Manage, Elapse 的Target 済Finish, Settle

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '経済的 (けいざいてき)' means 'economical'. It is used to describe something that is cost-effective, efficient, or financially prudent. This word is often used in contexts where saving money or resources is emphasized. For example: This car is economical「この車は経済的です」(このくるまはけいざいてきです). Using public transportation is economical「公共交通機関を使うのは経済的です」(こうきょうこうつうきかんをつかうのはけいざいてきです). The term can also imply a broader sense of efficiency, not just limited to financial savings.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3321

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reflect

Reading

Kanji

映Reflect

Explanation

The Japanese verb '映る (うつる)' primarily means 'to reflect' or 'to be reflected'. It is often used to describe how images, light, or scenes are reflected on surfaces like mirrors, water, or screens. For example: The moon is reflected in the lake「月が湖に映る」(つきがみずうみにうつる). Additionally, it can also mean 'to appear' or 'to be projected', such as in the context of images appearing on a screen: The movie is showing on the screen「映画がスクリーンに映る」(えいががスクリーンにうつる). This verb is commonly used in both literal and figurative contexts, making it versatile in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3323

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ordinary, Average

Reading

Kanji

並Line, Row

Explanation

The Japanese noun '並み (なみ)' can mean 'average' or 'ordinary'. It is often used to describe something that is standard, typical, or not exceptional. For example: This is an average salary「これは並みの給料です」(これはなみのきゅうりょうです). Her skills are ordinary「彼女のスキルは並みです」(かのじょのスキルはなみです). The word can also be used to describe things that are lined up or arranged in a row, such as '並みの木 (なみのき) (a row of trees)'. However, the primary usage is to indicate something that is neither outstanding nor inferior, but rather in the middle range.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3353

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Death

Reading

Kanji

死Death 亡Death, Deceased

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '死亡 (しぼう)' means 'death'. It is used to refer to the act or state of dying, often in formal or official contexts such as medical, legal, or statistical reports. For example: The cause of death was a heart attack「死亡の原因は心臓発作でした」(しぼうのげんいんはしんぞうほっさでした). The number of deaths increased last year「死亡者数は去年増加しました」(しぼうしゃすうはきょねんぞうかしました). This term is neutral in tone and is commonly used in serious or factual contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3366

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Survival

Reading

Kanji

生Life 存Exist, Suppose

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '生存 (せいぞん)' means 'survival'. It refers to the state of continuing to live or exist, especially in difficult conditions. This word is often used in contexts related to biology, ecology, or existential discussions. For example: survival of the fittest「適者生存」(てきしゃせいぞん). The survival rate of the species is low「その種の生存率は低い」(そのしゅのせいぞんりつはひくい). It can also be used metaphorically, such as in discussions about businesses or ideas surviving in a competitive environment.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3383

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Knowledge

Reading

Kanji

存Exist, Suppose

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ご存じ (ごぞんじ)' is a polite form of '知っている (しっている)', meaning 'knowledge' or 'awareness'. It is often used in formal or respectful contexts to refer to someone's knowledge or awareness of something. For example: Do you know Mr. Tanaka?「田中さんをご存じですか？」(たなかさんをごぞんじですか？). I am aware of that matter「その件はご存じです」(そのけんはごぞんじです). This term is commonly used in business or formal conversations to show respect to the listener or the person being discussed.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3384

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Authority

Reading

Kanji

権Rights, Authority 限Limit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '権限 (けんげん)' refers to 'authority' or 'power' granted to someone to perform specific actions or make decisions. It is often used in formal or professional contexts, such as in organizations, governments, or legal settings. For example: He has the authority to make decisions「彼は決定する権限を持っている」(かれはけっていするけんげんをもっている). The manager's authority was limited「マネージャーの権限は限られていた」(マネージャーのけんげんはかぎられていた). This word emphasizes the official or legal capacity to act, rather than personal influence or power.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3390

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Settle, Obtain

Reading

Kanji

収Obtain

Explanation

The Japanese verb '収める (おさめる)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'to obtain' or 'to receive,' often used in contexts where something is acquired or gained, such as profits, results, or achievements. For example: He obtained great results「彼は素晴らしい結果を収めた」(かれはすばらしいけっかをおさめた). The second meaning is 'to settle' or 'to put something in its proper place,' often used in contexts where something is stored, resolved, or concluded. For example: She settled the matter peacefully「彼女はその問題を平和的に収めた」(かのじょはそのもんだいをへいわてきにおさめた). The verb is versatile and can be used in both literal and figurative contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3428

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sand

Reading

Kanji

砂Sand

Explanation

The Japanese noun '砂 (すな)' means 'sand'. This word refers to the granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles, typically found on beaches, deserts, and riverbeds. It is commonly used in contexts related to nature, construction, or play. For example: the sand is warm「砂は温かい」(すなはあたたかい). Children are playing in the sand「子供たちが砂で遊んでいる」(こどもたちがすなであそんでいる). The word can also be used metaphorically, such as in the phrase '砂のように流れる時間 (すなのようにながれるじかん)' (time flowing like sand), which conveys the fleeting nature of time.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3470

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Home

Reading

Kanji

我Self, Ego 家House

Explanation

The Japanese noun '我が家 (わがや)' means 'home' or 'my/our home'. It is a formal or literary way to refer to one's own home, often carrying a sense of pride, affection, or belonging. This term is commonly used in written language or formal speech. For example: This is my home「ここが我が家です」(ここがわがやです). I returned to my home「我が家に帰った」(わがやにかえった). Note that '我が家' is more poetic or sentimental compared to the more casual '家 (いえ)' or 'うち'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3480

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Work

Reading

Kanji

勤Diligence

Explanation

The Japanese verb '勤める (つとめる)' means 'to work' or 'to be employed'. It specifically refers to working at a job or being employed by a company or organization. This verb is often used to describe one's occupation or employment status. For example: I work at a bank「私は銀行に勤めています」(わたしはぎんこうにつとめています). He works for a big company「彼は大きな会社に勤めている」(かれはおおきなかいしゃにつとめている). Note that '勤める' is distinct from other work-related verbs like '働く (はたらく)', which is more general and can refer to any kind of work or labor.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3489

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Image, Video

Reading

Kanji

映Reflect 像Image, Statue

Explanation

The Japanese noun '映像 (えいぞう)' can mean either 'image' or 'video', depending on the context. It refers to visual content, whether static or moving. For example: The image on the screen is clear「画面の映像は鮮明です」(がめんのえいぞうはせんめいです). I watched a video of the event「そのイベントの映像を見ました」(そのイベントのえいぞうをみました). This word is often used in contexts involving media, technology, or visual arts, and it can describe anything from photographs to movies.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3509

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Kneel

Reading

Kanji

座Sit, Seat 正Correct

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '正座 (せいざ)' refers to the traditional Japanese way of sitting on the floor with one's legs folded underneath, knees bent, and feet tucked under the buttocks. This posture is commonly used in formal settings, such as during tea ceremonies, martial arts, or when sitting on tatami mats. It is considered a sign of respect and proper etiquette. For example: Please kneel properly「正座をしてください」(せいざをしてください). She sat in the formal kneeling position「彼女は正座をした」(かのじょはせいざをした). Note that '正座' is often used as a noun but can also function as a verbal noun (suru-verb) when combined with 'する' to indicate the action of kneeling in this manner.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3522

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Opposite sex

Reading

Kanji

異Rare, Different 性Gender, Sex

Explanation

The Japanese noun '異性 (いせい)' refers to the 'opposite sex'. It is commonly used in contexts discussing relationships, gender dynamics, or biological distinctions. For example: He is interested in the opposite sex「彼は異性に興味がある」(かれはいせいに関心がある). The event is for people of the opposite sex to meet「そのイベントは異性が出会うためのものです」(そのイベントはいせいがであうためのものです). This term is neutral and can be used in both formal and informal settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3524

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Abnormal

Reading

Kanji

常Usual, Normal 異Rare, Different

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '異常 (いじょう)' means 'abnormal' or 'unusual'. It is used to describe something that deviates from the norm or is out of the ordinary. This word can be applied to various contexts, such as weather, behavior, or conditions. For example: The weather is abnormal today「今日の天気は異常だ」(きょうのてんきはいじょうだ). His behavior is unusual「彼の行動は異常だ」(かれのこうどうはいじょうだ). It can also be used in medical contexts to describe abnormal conditions or symptoms. For instance: The patient has abnormal symptoms「患者は異常な症状がある」(かんじゃはいじょうなしょうじょうがある).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3528

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bear

Reading

Kanji

担Bear, Carry

Explanation

The Japanese verb '担う (になう)' means 'to bear' or 'to shoulder' in the sense of taking on responsibility, duty, or a burden. It is often used in formal or serious contexts, such as discussing roles, responsibilities, or tasks that require significant effort or commitment. For example: He bears the responsibility of the project「彼はそのプロジェクトの責任を担う」(かれはそのプロジェクトのせきにんをになう). The company shoulders the mission of innovation「その会社は革新の使命を担う」(そのかいしゃはかくしんのしめいをになう). This verb can also imply a sense of pride or importance in the role being undertaken.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3567

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exclusive

Reading

Kanji

用Use 専Exclusive, Specialty

Explanation

The Japanese noun '専用 (せんよう)' means 'exclusive' or 'dedicated'. It refers to something that is reserved or designed for a specific purpose, person, or group. For example: This is an exclusive parking area「ここは専用の駐車場です」(ここはせんようのちゅうしゃじょうです). This is a dedicated line for customer service「これはお客様専用の電話回線です」(これはおきゃくさませんようのでんわかいせんです). The term is often used in contexts where something is restricted or specialized, such as '専用席 (せんようせき) (reserved seat)' or '専用アプリ (せんようアプリ) (dedicated app)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3578

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Leader

Reading

Kanji

首Neck 脳Brain

Explanation

The Japanese noun '首脳 (しゅのう)' refers to a leader or a head, particularly in the context of government or high-ranking officials. It is often used to describe the top decision-makers in a country or organization, such as the president, prime minister, or other key figures. For example: The leaders of the two countries met「両国の首脳が会談した」(りょうこくのしゅのうがかいだんした). The summit was attended by world leaders「世界の首脳がサミットに出席した」(せかいのしゅのうがサミットにしゅっせきした). This term is formal and is typically used in political or official contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3590

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Masses

Reading

Kanji

大Big 衆Multitude

Explanation

The Japanese noun '大衆 (たいしゅう)' refers to 'the masses' or 'the general public'. It is used to describe a large group of ordinary people in society, often in contrast to elites or specific groups. This term can be used in various contexts, such as media, culture, or politics, to refer to the collective population. For example: The masses supported the new policy「大衆は新しい政策を支持した」(たいしゅうはあたらしいせいさくをしじした). This movie appeals to the masses「この映画は大衆にアピールする」(このえいがはたいしゅうにアピールする). The term can sometimes carry a neutral or slightly informal tone, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3609

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wages

Reading

Kanji

金Gold 賃Rent, Fare

Explanation

The Japanese noun '賃金 (ちんぎん)' refers to 'wages' or 'pay' that a worker receives in exchange for their labor. It is commonly used in contexts related to employment, labor laws, and economics. For example: The wages are low「賃金が低い」(ちんぎんがひくい). He received his wages「彼は賃金を受け取った」(かれはちんぎんをうけとった). This term is often used in formal or business settings and can be associated with discussions about fair pay, minimum wage, or salary negotiations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3614

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hometown

Reading

Kanji

郷Hometown 故Reason, Deceased

Explanation

The Japanese noun '故郷 (こきょう)' refers to one's hometown or birthplace, the place where someone was born or raised. It carries a nostalgic and emotional connotation, often evoking feelings of longing or fond memories. For example: I miss my hometown「故郷が恋しい」(こきょうがこいしい). I returned to my hometown after many years「長い年月を経て故郷に戻った」(ながいとしつきをへてこきょうにもどった). This word is commonly used in literature, songs, and conversations to express a deep connection to one's roots.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3627

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Precious

Reading

Kanji

貴Precious 重Heavy

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '貴重 (きちょう)' means 'precious' or 'valuable'. It is used to describe something that is highly valued, rare, or of great importance. This term is often used in contexts where something is considered irreplaceable or of significant worth, such as time, resources, or experiences. For example: This is a precious opportunity「これは貴重な機会です」(これはきちょうなきかいです). The museum has many precious artifacts「その博物館には貴重な遺物がたくさんある」(そのはくぶつかんにはきちょうないぶつがたくさんある). It can also be used to describe abstract concepts like memories or advice, emphasizing their importance and rarity.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3637

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Home

Reading

Kanji

宅House

Explanation

The Japanese noun '宅 (たく)' refers to one's home or residence. It is often used in formal or polite contexts, such as when referring to someone else's home. For example: I will visit your home「あなたの宅を訪問します」(あなたのたくをほうもんします). This word can also be used in compound words like '自宅 (じたく)' (one's own home) or '帰宅 (きたく)' (returning home). It carries a slightly formal tone and is commonly used in written language or polite speech.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3640

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Promotion

Reading

Kanji

推Infer 進Advance

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '推進 (すいしん)' means 'promotion' or 'advancement'. It refers to the act of pushing forward or promoting a plan, project, or idea. This word is often used in formal or organizational contexts, such as business, government, or policy-making. For example: the promotion of renewable energy「再生可能エネルギーの推進」(さいせいかのうえねるぎーのすいしん). We are advancing the new project「新しいプロジェクトを推進しています」(あたらしいぷろじぇくとをすいしんしています). Note that '推進' can also imply a sense of actively driving or propelling something forward, not just passively supporting it.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3642

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Holy

Reading

Kanji

聖Saint, Holy

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '聖 (せい)' means 'holy' or 'sacred'. It is often used in religious or spiritual contexts to denote something revered or divine. This prefix is commonly attached to nouns to form compound words, such as '聖地 (せいち)' (holy place) or '聖書 (せいしょ)' (holy book/Bible). For example: This is a holy place「ここは聖地です」(ここはせいちです). The Bible is a holy book「聖書は聖なる本です」(せいしょはせいなるほんです). The prefix can also be used in secular contexts to emphasize something exceptional or revered, such as '聖域 (せいいき)' (sacred ground or sanctuary).

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3647

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Commute

Reading

Kanji

出Exit 勤Diligence

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '出勤 (しゅっきん)' refers to the act of commuting to work or going to one's workplace. It is commonly used in professional or daily life contexts to describe the routine of traveling to work. For example: I commute to work by train「私は電車で出勤します」(わたしはでんしゃでしゅっきんします). He is late for work today「彼は今日出勤が遅い」(かれはきょうしゅっきんがおそい). The term emphasizes the action of leaving home to go to work, and it is often paired with verbs like する (to do) to form phrases like 出勤する (to commute to work).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3649

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Diligent

Reading

Kanji

勉Exertion 勤Diligence

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '勤勉 (きんべん)' means 'diligent'. It describes someone who is hardworking, industrious, and consistently puts effort into their tasks or studies. This word is often used to praise someone's work ethic or dedication. For example: He is a diligent student「彼は勤勉な学生です」(かれはきんべんながくせいです). Her diligence is admirable「彼女の勤勉さは素晴らしい」(かのじょのきんべんさはすばらしい). Note that '勤勉' is often followed by the particle 'な' when modifying a noun, as in '勤勉な人 (きんべんなひと) (diligent person)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3650

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Work, Service

Reading

Kanji

務Duty, Task 勤Diligence

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '勤務 (きんむ)' refers to the act of working or being employed, often in a formal or professional capacity. It is commonly used to describe one's job duties, employment status, or the act of serving in a specific role. For example: I work at a company「私は会社に勤務しています」(わたしはかいしゃにきんむしています). His service in the military was commendable「彼の軍隊での勤務は称賛に値する」(かれのぐんたいでのきんむはしょうさんにあたいする). The word is often used in contexts related to employment, such as '勤務時間 (きんむじかん)' (working hours) or '勤務先 (きんむさき)' (place of work).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3654

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Employee

Reading

Kanji

業Business 員Member 従Follow, Obey

Explanation

The Japanese noun '従業員 (じゅうぎょういん)' refers to an 'employee', someone who works for a company or organization. This term is commonly used in business and workplace contexts to describe individuals who are employed by a company, regardless of their specific role or position. For example: The company has many employees「その会社には多くの従業員がいます」(そのかいしゃにはおおくのじゅうぎょういんがいます). She is a new employee「彼女は新しい従業員です」(かのじょはあたらしいじゅうぎょういんです). The term is neutral and can refer to both full-time and part-time workers.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3662

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Collection

Reading

Kanji

集Gather 収Obtain

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '収集 (しゅうしゅう)' means 'collection'. It refers to the act of gathering or collecting items, information, or data. This word is often used in contexts such as collecting stamps, data collection, or gathering resources. For example: I enjoy stamp collection「私は切手の収集が好きです」(わたしはきってのしゅうしゅうがすきです). Data collection is important for research「研究にはデータの収集が重要です」(けんきゅうにはデータのしゅうしゅうがじゅうようです). The word can also imply a systematic or purposeful gathering of items or information.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3676

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Supply

Reading

Kanji

給Supply, Salary 供Accompany, Offer

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '供給 (きょうきゅう)' means 'supply'. It refers to the act of providing or furnishing something, often in the context of goods, services, or resources. This term is commonly used in economic, business, and everyday contexts. For example: The company supplies electricity「その会社は電気を供給する」(そのかいしゃはでんきをきょうきゅうする). Water supply is essential for life「水の供給は生命に不可欠だ」(みずのきょうきゅうはせいめいにふかけつだ). Note that '供給' is often paired with verbs like 'する' to form phrases like '供給する' (to supply).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3684

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Inauguration

Reading

Kanji

就Settle, Concerning 任Duty, Responsibility

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '就任 (しゅうにん)' refers to the act of assuming a position or office, often used in formal contexts such as politics, business, or organizations. It implies the official start of a new role or responsibility. For example: The president's inauguration ceremony was held yesterday「大統領の就任式は昨日行われた」(だいとうりょうのしゅうにんしきはきのうおこなわれた). He assumed the position of CEO「彼はCEOに就任した」(かれはしーいーおーにしゅうにんした). The term is commonly used in news reports, official announcements, and formal speeches.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3690

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Origin

Reading

Kanji

源Origin, Source

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '源 (げん)' means 'origin' or 'source'. It is often used in names, both personal and geographical, to denote the beginning or source of something. For example, it can be found in the name of the famous Japanese historical figure Minamoto no Yoshitsune (源義経, みなもとのよしつね), where '源' signifies the Minamoto clan, one of the most prominent clans in Japanese history. Another example is the word '水源 (すいげん)', which means 'water source'. This suffix is also used in compound words to indicate the origin or source of something, such as '情報源 (じょうほうげん)', meaning 'information source'. Example sentences: The origin of the river is in the mountains「川の源は山にある」(かわのみなもとはやまにある). This book is a good source of information「この本は良い情報源だ」(このほんはよいじょうほうげんだ).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3700

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shoji

Reading

Kanji

障Hinder, Hurt 子Child

Explanation

The Japanese noun '障子 (しょうじ)' refers to a traditional Japanese sliding door or room divider made of translucent paper over a wooden frame. Shoji are commonly used in Japanese architecture to separate rooms or provide privacy while allowing light to pass through. They are a key element in traditional Japanese homes and are often associated with a minimalist and serene aesthetic. Example sentences: The shoji lets in soft light「障子が柔らかい光を通します」(しょうじがやわらかいひかりをとおします). Please close the shoji「障子を閉めてください」(しょうじをしめてください).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3726

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Toddler

Reading

Kanji

幼Childhood, Infancy 児Child

Explanation

The Japanese noun '幼児 (ようじ)' refers to a young child, typically between the ages of 1 and 6 years old, who is in the early stages of childhood. This term is often used in educational, medical, and parenting contexts to describe children who are not yet in elementary school. For example: The toddler is playing in the park「幼児が公園で遊んでいる」(ようじがこうえんであそんでいる). This daycare is for toddlers「この保育園は幼児向けです」(このほいくえんはようじむけです). The word emphasizes the stage of development rather than just the age, and it is commonly used in phrases like '幼児教育 (ようじきょういく)' (early childhood education).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3729

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Split, Division

Reading

Kanji

割Divide, Split 分Minute, Part

Explanation

The Japanese noun '分割 (ぶんかつ)' refers to the act of dividing or splitting something into parts. It is commonly used in contexts such as dividing tasks, splitting payments, or partitioning land. For example: The company decided to split the project into smaller tasks「会社はプロジェクトを分割することに決めた」(かいしゃはぷろじぇくとをぶんかつすることにきめた). The payment will be divided into three installments「支払いは3回に分割されます」(しはらいわ3かいにぶんかつされます). This term is often used in both formal and informal settings, and it can apply to physical, abstract, or conceptual divisions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3737

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Disaster

Reading

Kanji

難Difficult 災Calamity

Explanation

The Japanese noun '災難 (さいなん)' refers to a 'disaster' or 'calamity'. It is used to describe unfortunate events or misfortunes that cause significant harm or distress. This word can be applied to both natural disasters and personal misfortunes. For example: That was a terrible disaster「それはひどい災難だった」(それはひどいさいなんだった). He encountered a great misfortune「彼は大きな災難に遭った」(かれはおおきなさいなんにあった). The term carries a sense of severity and often implies an unexpected or unavoidable event.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3739

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Motivation

Reading

Kanji

意Idea 欲Desire, Longing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '意欲 (いよく)' means 'motivation' or 'willingness'. It refers to a strong desire or drive to achieve something or engage in an activity. This word is often used in contexts related to work, study, or personal goals. For example: His motivation to study is high「彼の勉強への意欲は高い」(かれのべんきょうへのいよくはたかい). She has a strong motivation to succeed「彼女は成功への意欲が強い」(かのじょはせいこうへのいよくがつよい). The word can also imply enthusiasm or eagerness, as in '意欲的に取り組む (いよくてきにとりくむ)' (to tackle something enthusiastically).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3746

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Warning

Reading

Kanji

警Warn 告Announce

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '警告 (けいこく)' means 'warning'. It refers to an act of informing someone about a potential danger, problem, or consequence, often to prevent harm or mistakes. This term is commonly used in formal or serious contexts, such as legal, safety, or disciplinary situations. For example: The teacher gave a warning to the students「先生は生徒に警告をした」(せんせいはせいとにけいこくをした). The weather forecast issued a storm warning「天気予報は嵐の警告を出した」(てんきよほうはあらしのけいこくをだした). It can also be used metaphorically, as in: His actions were a warning to others「彼の行動は他の人への警告だった」(かれのこうどうはほかのひとへのけいこくだった).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3763

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Significant, Remarkable

Reading

Kanji

著Renowned, Author

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '著しい (いちじるしい)' primarily means 'remarkable' or 'significant'. It is used to describe something that stands out due to its noticeable or striking nature, often in terms of change, difference, or impact. This adjective can be applied to both positive and negative contexts, depending on the situation. For example: There has been a remarkable improvement in his health「彼の健康状態は著しく改善した」(かれのけんこうじょうたいはいちじるしくかいぜんした). The damage caused by the earthquake was significant「地震による被害は著しかった」(じしんによるひがいはいちじるしかった). Note that '著しい' often conveys a sense of something being clearly evident or easily observable.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3782

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Confusion

Reading

Kanji

乱Disorder, Riot 混Mix

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '混乱 (こんらん)' means 'confusion'. It refers to a state of disorder, chaos, or disarray, often in situations where things are not clear or organized. This word is commonly used to describe situations, emotions, or systems that are in a state of turmoil. For example: The meeting ended in confusion「会議は混乱して終わった」(かいぎはこんらんしておわった). The city was in chaos after the earthquake「地震の後、街は混乱していた」(じしんのあと、まちはこんらんしていた). It can also describe mental confusion, such as: I was confused by the sudden change「急な変化に混乱した」(きゅうなへんかにこんらんした).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3791

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Next year

Reading

Kanji

翌Next, Following 年Year

Explanation

The Japanese noun '翌年 (よくねん)' means 'the following year' or 'next year' in relation to a specific point in time. It is often used to refer to the year immediately after a particular event or year. For example: He moved to Tokyo the following year「彼は翌年に東京に引っ越した」(かれはよくねんにとうきょうにひっこした). The company was founded in 1990, and it expanded overseas the next year「その会社は1990年に設立され、翌年に海外に進出した」(そのかいしゃは1990ねんにせつりつされ、よくねんにかいがいにしんしゅつした). Note that '翌年' is more formal and specific compared to '来年 (らいねん)', which simply means 'next year' from the current perspective.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3796

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Flushing

Reading

Kanji

洗Wash 水Water

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '水洗 (すいせん)' refers to the act of flushing or washing with water. It is commonly used in contexts related to sanitation, such as flushing toilets or cleaning with water. For example: This toilet uses water flushing「このトイレは水洗です」(このトイレはすいせんです). The floor was cleaned by water flushing「床は水洗で掃除されました」(ゆかはすいせんではいじょされました). The term is often associated with modern plumbing and hygiene practices.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3814

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Washing

Reading

Kanji

洗Wash 物Thing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '洗い物 (あらいもの)' refers to items that need to be washed or are being washed, such as dishes, laundry, or other washable objects. It is commonly used in household contexts. For example: I will do the washing「洗い物をします」(あらいものをします). The washing is piling up「洗い物がたまっている」(あらいものがたまっている). This word is often used in daily conversations about chores or cleaning tasks.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3817

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rights

Reading

Kanji

人Person 権Rights, Authority

Explanation

The Japanese noun '人権 (じんけん)' refers to 'human rights'. It is used to describe the fundamental rights and freedoms that belong to every individual, such as the right to life, liberty, and equality. This term is often used in legal, political, and social contexts. For example: Human rights must be respected「人権は尊重されなければならない」(じんけんはそんちょうされなければならない). The government is working to protect human rights「政府は人権を守るために働いている」(せいふはじんけんをまもるためにはたらいている). The concept of '人権' is deeply rooted in the idea of universal dignity and fairness.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3844

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Heart

Reading

Kanji

心Heart 臓Entrails, Viscera

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '心臓 (しんぞう)' refers to the 'heart', the organ responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. It is used in both literal and figurative contexts. For example: His heart is strong「彼の心臓は強い」(かれのしんぞうはつよい). This can also be used metaphorically to describe courage or emotional strength, as in: She has the heart of a lion「彼女は心臓が強い」(かのじょはしんぞうがつよい). Note that '心臓' is often used in medical or biological contexts, but can also appear in everyday language to describe emotional states or characteristics.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3845

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Radiation

Reading

Kanji

射Shoot 放Release

Explanation

The Japanese noun '放射 (ほうしゃ)' refers to 'radiation'. This term is commonly used in scientific, medical, and environmental contexts to describe the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles, especially high-energy particles that cause ionization. For example: radiation therapy「放射線治療」(ほうしゃせんちりょう). The radiation level is high「放射線レベルが高い」(ほうしゃせんレベルがたかい). It's important to note that this word is often used in compound terms, such as '放射線 (ほうしゃせん)' (radiation rays) or '放射能 (ほうしゃのう)' (radioactivity).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3862

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Guess, Speculation

Reading

Kanji

推Infer 測Measure, Conjecture

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '推測 (すいそく)' refers to the act of making an educated guess or forming a hypothesis based on available information. It is often used in contexts where there is uncertainty or incomplete data, and it implies a logical process of reasoning rather than a random guess. For example: His guess was correct「彼の推測は正しかった」(かれのすいそくはただしかった). We can only speculate about the future「未来について推測することしかできない」(みらいについてすいそくすることしかできない). It is important to note that '推測' carries a slightly more formal tone compared to casual words like '当てずっぽう (あてずっぽう)' (wild guess).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3879

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Strict

Reading

Kanji

重Heavy 厳Severe, Strict

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '厳重 (げんじゅう)' means 'strict' or 'severe'. It is often used to describe something that is very carefully controlled, tightly secured, or strictly enforced. This word can be applied to security measures, rules, or even warnings. For example: strict security measures were taken「厳重な警備が取られた」(げんじゅうなけいびがとられた). The teacher gave a strict warning「先生は厳重に注意した」(せんせいはげんじゅうにちゅういした). It can also imply a sense of seriousness or gravity in a situation, such as in '厳重な処置 (げんじゅうなしょち) (strict measures)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3899

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Valuables

Reading

Kanji

品Product 貴Precious 重Heavy

Explanation

The Japanese noun '貴重品 (きちょうひん)' refers to items that are of high value, either monetarily or sentimentally. This term is commonly used in contexts such as travel, hotels, or public places where people are advised to keep their valuables safe. For example: Please keep your valuables with you at all times「貴重品は常に身につけておいてください」(きちょうひんはつねにみにつけておいてください). The hotel provides a safe for valuables「ホテルは貴重品用の金庫を提供しています」(ホテルはきちょうひんようのきんこをていきょうしています). It's important to note that '貴重品' often implies items like jewelry, cash, passports, or other personal items that are not easily replaceable.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3900

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Author

Reading

Kanji

著Renowned, Author 者Someone

Explanation

The Japanese noun '著者 (ちょしゃ)' refers to the 'author' of a written work, such as a book, article, or essay. It specifically denotes the person who has written or created the content. This term is commonly used in formal contexts, such as in bibliographies, academic papers, or book credits. For example: The author of this book is famous「この本の著者は有名です」(このほんのちょしゃはゆうめいです). I met the author of the novel「小説の著者に会いました」(しょうせつのちょしゃにあいました). Note that '著者' is distinct from '作家 (さっか)', which refers to a writer or novelist in a broader sense.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3970

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Returning home

Reading

Kanji

宅House 帰Return

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '帰宅 (きたく)' means 'returning home'. It is used to describe the act of going back to one's home, typically after being out for work, school, or other activities. This term is often used in formal or written contexts. For example: I will be returning home late tonight「今夜は帰宅が遅くなります」(こんやはきたくがおそくなります). After returning home, I took a bath「帰宅してからお風呂に入りました」(きたくしてからおふろにはいりました). The term can also be used in compound verbs, such as '帰宅する (きたくする)', which means 'to return home'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3975

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Residential area

Reading

Kanji

住Live 宅House 地Ground

Explanation

TheJapanese noun'住宅地(じゅうたくち)'means'residentialarea'.Itreferstoanareaorzonewherehousingpredominates,typicallycharacterizedbyhomes,apartments,andrelatedresidentialstructures.Thiswordisoftenusedinurbanplanning,realestate,anddailyconversationstodescribepartsofacityortownthatareprimarilyforlivingpurposes.Forexample:Iliveinaquietresidentialarea「私は静かな住宅地に住んでいます」(わたしはしずかなじゅうたくちにすんでいます).Thisareaisdevelopingintoanewresidentialarea「この地域は新しい住宅地に発展しています」(このちいきはあたらしいじゅうたくちにはってんしています).Notethat'住宅地'iscommonlyusedincontrasttocommercialorindustrialareas.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3980

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hand, Needle

Reading

Kanji

針Needle

Explanation

The Japanese noun '針 (はり)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'needle', referring to a thin, pointed object used for sewing or medical purposes. For example: She sewed with a needle「彼女は針で縫った」(かのじょははりでぬった). The second meaning is 'hand', specifically the hour or minute hand of a clock. For example: The clock's minute hand is broken「時計の針が壊れている」(とけいのはりがこわれている). The context usually makes it clear which meaning is intended, as the usage differs significantly between the two.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3983

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

One side

Reading

Kanji

側Side 片Fragment, One sided

Explanation

The Japanese noun '片側 (かたがわ)' means 'one side'. It refers to a single side of something, such as a road, object, or situation. It is often used in contexts where there is a clear distinction or separation between two sides. For example: Please walk on one side of the road「片側を歩いてください」(かたがわをあるいてください). The damage is only on one side of the building「建物の片側だけが損傷しています」(たてもののかたがわだけがそんしょうしています). This word is commonly used in everyday conversations, especially when giving directions or describing locations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3999

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Political party

Reading

Kanji

党Party, Faction 政Government, Politics

Explanation

The Japanese noun '政党 (せいとう)' refers to a 'political party'. This term is used to describe an organized group of people who share similar political goals and work together to influence government policies and gain political power. For example: The new political party was established「新しい政党が設立された」(あたらしいせいとうがせつりつされた). He joined a major political party「彼は主要な政党に加入した」(かれはしゅようなせいとうかにゅうした). The term is commonly used in discussions about politics, elections, and governance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4001

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Backdoor

Reading

Kanji

口Mouth 裏Inside, Rear

Explanation

The Japanese noun '裏口 (うらぐち)' refers to a 'backdoor' or 'rear entrance'. It is commonly used to describe a secondary or less obvious entrance to a building, often used for practical or discreet purposes. In some contexts, it can also imply something done secretly or unofficially, such as '裏口入学 (うらぐちにゅうがく)', which refers to gaining admission through unofficial or unfair means. Example sentences: Please use the backdoor「裏口を使ってください」(うらぐちをつかってください). They entered through the backdoor「彼らは裏口から入った」(かれらはうらぐちからはいった).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4005

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Inside out

Reading

Kanji

返Return 裏Inside, Rear

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '裏返し (うらがえし)' means 'inside out' or 'reversed'. It is used to describe something that is turned inside out or flipped, often referring to clothing or objects. It can also metaphorically describe a situation or meaning that is the opposite of what is expected. For example: She wore her shirt inside out「彼女はシャツを裏返しに着ていた」(かのじょはシャツをうらがえしにきていた). The meaning of his words was the opposite of what he said「彼の言葉は裏返しの意味だった」(かれのことばはうらがえしのいみだった). This term is commonly used in everyday conversation and can be applied to both literal and figurative contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4006

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Back gate

Reading

Kanji

門Gate 裏Inside, Rear

Explanation

The Japanese noun '裏門 (うらもん)' refers to a 'back gate' or 'rear entrance' of a building, estate, or compound. It is often used to describe a secondary or less prominent entrance, as opposed to the main gate. This term can be used in both literal and figurative contexts. For example: The back gate is closed「裏門は閉まっている」(うらもんはしまっている). He entered through the back gate「彼は裏門から入った」(かれはうらもんからはいった). In some cases, '裏門' can also imply a sense of secrecy or informality, as it is less visible than the main entrance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4007

Composition

kanji

Handwriting