Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Kanji School Grade

word

Meaning

Maturity

Reading

Kanji

成Become 熟Ripe, Mature

Explanation

The Japanese noun '成熟 (せいじゅく)' refers to the state of being fully developed or matured, whether physically, mentally, or emotionally. It can describe the maturity of a person, an idea, or even a market or industry. For example: The fruit has reached maturity「果物が成熟した」(くだものがせいじゅくした). His ideas show great maturity「彼の考えは成熟している」(かれのかんがえはせいじゅくしている). The market has matured「市場が成熟した」(しじょうがせいじゅくした). This word is often used in contexts where growth and development are emphasized, and it carries a positive connotation of completeness or readiness.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6189

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Honorific

Reading

Kanji

尊Respect, Revered

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '尊 (みこと)' is an honorific used to show deep respect, often attached to the names of deities, emperors, or other highly revered figures. It conveys a sense of sacredness or divinity. For example: the sun goddess Amaterasu is referred to as '天照大御神 (あまてらすおおみかみ)', where '大御神 (おおみかみ)' includes the honorific '御 (み)' and '神 (かみ)' meaning 'god'. Another example is the historical figure Prince Shōtoku, who is often called '聖徳太子 (しょうとくたいし)', but in more reverent contexts, '聖徳太子尊 (しょうとくたいしみこと)' might be used. This suffix is rarely used in modern everyday language and is mostly found in historical, religious, or literary contexts.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6200

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Discuss

Reading

Kanji

論Theory, Argument

Explanation

The Japanese verb '論じる (ろんじる)' means 'to discuss' or 'to argue' in a formal or logical manner. It is often used in contexts where a topic is being analyzed, debated, or examined in detail, such as in academic, professional, or intellectual settings. For example: The professor discussed the theory「教授はその理論を論じた」(きょうじゅはそのりろんをろんじた). They argued about the future of the economy「彼らは経済の未来について論じた」(かれらはけいざいのみらいについてろんじた). This verb implies a structured or thoughtful approach to discussion, rather than casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6202

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Prescription

Reading

Kanji

処Deal with 方Direction

Explanation

The Japanese noun '処方 (しょほう)' refers to a 'prescription' in the medical context. It specifically denotes the act of prescribing medication or the written instructions provided by a doctor for the preparation and administration of a medicine. This term is commonly used in healthcare settings. For example: The doctor wrote a prescription「医者が処方を書いた」(いしゃがしょほうをかいた). I need to take this prescription to the pharmacy「この処方を薬局に持っていかなければならない」(このしょほうをやっきょくにもっていかなければならない). The word is often associated with medical treatment and is essential in contexts involving healthcare and medication management.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6206

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Arms

Reading

Kanji

武Military 装Dress, Attire

Explanation

The Japanese noun '武装 (ぶそう)' refers to 'arms' or 'weapons'. It is commonly used to describe the act of equipping oneself or a group with weapons, or the state of being armed. This term can be used in both literal and figurative contexts, such as military or ideological 'arming'. For example: The soldiers were armed「兵士たちは武装していた」(へいしたちはぶそうしていた). The country is arming itself against threats「その国は脅威に対して武装している」(そのくにはきょういに対してぶそうしている). Note that '武装' can also imply preparation or readiness in a broader sense, such as '武装した思想' (ぶそうしたしそう) meaning 'armed ideology' or a well-prepared mindset.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6208

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Influence, Reflection

Reading

Kanji

反Anti 映Reflect

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '反映 (はんえい)' has two distinct meanings. The first is 'reflection', which refers to the literal or figurative representation of something, such as light or ideas. For example: The lake reflects the mountains「湖が山を反映している」(みずうみがやまをはんえいしている). The second meaning is 'influence', where something affects or shapes another thing. For example: The new policy reflects public opinion「新しい政策は世論を反映している」(あたらしいせいさくはよろんをはんえいしている). This word is often used in formal or technical contexts, such as in discussions about art, science, or politics.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6214

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Objection

Reading

Kanji

反Anti 論Theory, Argument

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '反論 (はんろん)' means 'objection' or 'counterargument'. It refers to the act of opposing or disputing a statement, opinion, or argument. This term is often used in formal or intellectual discussions, debates, or legal contexts. For example: he raised an objection to the proposal「彼は提案に反論した」(かれはていあんにはんろんした). Her counterargument was very convincing「彼女の反論はとても説得力があった」(かのじょのはんろんはとてもせっとくりょくがあった). Note that '反論' is typically used as a noun but can also function as a suru-verb (反論する) to mean 'to object' or 'to refute'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6215

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Excite

Reading

Kanji

盛Prosper 上Up

Explanation

The Japanese verb '盛り上がる (もりあがる)' primarily means 'to get excited' or 'to heat up'. It is often used to describe a situation, atmosphere, or mood becoming lively, enthusiastic, or intense. This verb can be applied to various contexts, such as parties, discussions, or events. For example: The party got really exciting「パーティーが盛り上がった」(ぱーてぃーがもりあがった). The discussion heated up「議論が盛り上がった」(ぎろんがもりあがった). It can also describe physical swelling or rising, such as dough rising「生地が盛り上がる」(きじがもりあがる). The nuance often implies a positive or energetic buildup.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6230

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Expert

Reading

Kanji

専Exclusive, Specialty 門Gate 家House

Explanation

The Japanese noun '専門家 (せんもんか)' means 'expert'. It refers to a person who has specialized knowledge, skills, or experience in a particular field. This term is often used in professional or academic contexts to describe someone who is highly skilled or knowledgeable in their area of expertise. For example: He is an expert in economics「彼は経済の専門家です」(かれはけいざいのせんもんかです). We need to consult an expert「専門家に相談する必要があります」(せんもんかにそうだんするひつようがあります). The word can also imply a level of authority or trustworthiness in the given field.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6236

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Innovation

Reading

Kanji

革Reform, Leather 新New

Explanation

The Japanese noun '革新 (かくしん)' refers to 'innovation' or a significant change that introduces new methods, ideas, or products. It is often used in contexts related to technology, business, or societal changes. For example: The company is known for its innovation「その会社は革新で知られている」(そのかいしゃはかくしんでしられている). This technology represents a major innovation「この技術は大きな革新を表している」(このぎじゅつはおおきなかくしんをあらわしている). The word emphasizes the introduction of something new and transformative, often leading to improvements or advancements in a particular field.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6239

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Serve, Pile

Reading

Kanji

盛Prosper

Explanation

The Japanese verb '盛る (もる)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to serve' or 'to dish out', often used in the context of serving food. For example: The chef served rice「シェフがご飯を盛った」(シェフがごはんをもった). The second meaning is 'to pile up' or 'to heap', which can be used both literally and figuratively. For example: She piled up the books「彼女は本を盛った」(かのじょはほんをもった). The verb can also be used in compound verbs or idiomatic expressions, such as '盛り上がる (もりあがる)', which means 'to get excited' or 'to become lively'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6245

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Logical

Reading

Kanji

論Theory, Argument 理Reason 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '論理的 (ろんりてき)' means 'logical'. It is used to describe something that is based on clear, rational, and systematic reasoning. This term is often applied to arguments, thinking processes, or explanations that follow a coherent and well-structured line of thought. For example: His explanation was very logical「彼の説明はとても論理的だった」(かれのせつめいはとてもろんりてきだった). She has a logical way of solving problems「彼女は問題を解決する論理的な方法を持っている」(かのじょはもんだいをかいけつするろんりてきなほうほうをもっている). The adjective can also be used to describe a person who thinks logically, as in '彼は論理的な人だ (かれはろんりてきなひとだ) (He is a logical person).'

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6248

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tree lined

Reading

Kanji

並Line, Row 木Tree, Wood

Explanation

The Japanese noun '並木 (なみき)' refers to a row of trees, often planted along a street, road, or path. It is commonly used to describe scenic or aesthetically pleasing tree-lined areas. For example: The road is lined with cherry trees「その道は桜の並木です」(そのみちはさくらのなみきです). I walked along the tree-lined street「並木道を歩きました」(なみきみちをあるきました). This word evokes a sense of natural beauty and is often associated with peaceful or picturesque settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6268

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Milk, Breast

Reading

Kanji

乳Breasts, Milk

Explanation

The Japanese noun '乳 (ちち)' can mean 'milk' or 'breast', depending on the context. When referring to 'milk', it is often used in a general sense, such as cow's milk or breast milk. For example: I drink milk every morning「私は毎朝乳を飲みます」(わたしはまいあさちちをのみます). When referring to 'breast', it is typically used in a biological or medical context. For example: The baby is feeding from the mother's breast「赤ちゃんが母親の乳を飲んでいます」(あかちゃんがははおやのちちをのんでいます). It's important to note that '乳 (ちち)' is a somewhat formal or literary term, and in everyday conversation, '牛乳 (ぎゅうにゅう)' is more commonly used for 'cow's milk', and 'おっぱい' is a more casual term for 'breast'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6284

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Storage, Preservation

Reading

Kanji

保Preserve 存Exist, Suppose

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '保存 (ほぞん)' primarily means 'preservation' or 'storage'. It refers to the act of keeping something in its original state or condition, or storing something for future use. This word is commonly used in contexts related to food preservation, data storage, or the conservation of cultural artifacts. For example: data preservation is important「データの保存は大切です」(データのほぞんはたいせつです). This method is used for food storage「この方法は食品の保存に使われます」(このほうほうはしょくひんのほぞんにつかわれます). Note that '保存' can also imply maintaining something over time, such as in '文化の保存 (ぶんかのほぞん) (preservation of culture)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6325

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Know, Exist

Reading

Kanji

存Exist, Suppose

Explanation

The Japanese verb '存じる (ぞんじる)' is a humble form of the verb '知る (しる)', meaning 'to know'. It is used in formal or polite contexts to show humility, often when referring to oneself. For example: I know that person「その方を存じています」(そのかたをぞんじています). Additionally, '存じる' can also mean 'to exist' in a very formal or archaic sense, though this usage is rare in modern Japanese. For example: The legend still exists「その伝説は今も存じる」(そのでんせつはいまもぞんじる). Note that the 'know' meaning is far more common in everyday usage.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6326

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Actress

Reading

Kanji

女Woman 優Superior, Gentle

Explanation

The Japanese noun '女優 (じょゆう)' refers to a female actor or actress. It is specifically used for women who perform in theater, film, or television. The term is gender-specific, distinguishing female performers from male actors, who are referred to as '俳優 (はいゆう)'. Example sentences: She is a famous actress「彼女は有名な女優です」(かのじょはゆうめいなじょゆうです). The actress received an award「その女優は賞をもらいました」(そのじょゆうはしょうをもらいました).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6333

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Approval

Reading

Kanji

認Recognize, Admit 可Possible

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '認可 (にんか)' refers to the act of officially approving or authorizing something. It is commonly used in formal contexts, such as government or organizational settings, where an official body grants permission or recognition. For example: The government granted approval for the new project「政府は新しいプロジェクトを認可した」(せいふはあたらしいプロジェクトをにんかした). The school received official recognition「その学校は認可を受けた」(そのがっこうはにんかをうけた). This term emphasizes the formal and official nature of the approval process.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6344

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Innkeeper

Reading

Kanji

女Woman 将Leader, Commander

Explanation

The Japanese noun '女将 (おかみ)' refers to a female innkeeper or the proprietress of a traditional Japanese inn (ryokan) or restaurant. This term is often used to describe a woman who manages the establishment, overseeing its operations and ensuring the comfort of guests. The role of an 'おかみ' is highly respected in Japanese culture, as she is seen as the face of the establishment and plays a key role in maintaining its hospitality and traditions. Example sentences: The innkeeper welcomed us warmly「女将が私たちを温かく迎えてくれた」(おかみがわたしたちをあたたかくむかえてくれた). The proprietress prepared a delicious meal「女将が美味しい料理を作ってくれた」(おかみがおいしいりょうりをつくってくれた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6381

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Strict

Reading

Kanji

厳Severe, Strict 密Secret, Dense

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '厳密 (げんみつ)' means 'strict' or 'precise'. It is used to describe something that is exact, meticulous, or rigorously accurate. This term is often used in contexts where attention to detail and adherence to rules or standards are emphasized. For example: The professor is strict about the rules「教授は規則に厳密です」(きょうじゅはきそくにげんみつです). We need a precise analysis「厳密な分析が必要です」(げんみつなぶんせきがひつようです). The word can also imply a sense of severity or rigor in application, such as in legal or scientific contexts.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6396

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

One, Side

Reading

Kanji

片Fragment, One sided 方Direction

Explanation

The Japanese noun '片方 (かたほう)' refers to 'one' of a pair or 'one side' of something. It is often used when referring to one of two items, sides, or directions. For example: I lost one of my gloves「片方の手袋をなくした」(かたほうのてぶくろをなくした). Please look to one side「片方を見てください」(かたほうをみてください). The word emphasizes the existence of a pair or counterpart, and it is commonly used in contexts where only one part of a pair is being discussed or is relevant.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6399

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Series, Affiliation

Reading

Kanji

系Lineage 列File

Explanation

The Japanese noun '系列 (けいれつ)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'series', referring to a sequence or succession of related things. For example: This is the latest in the series「これは系列の最新作です」(これはけいれつのさいしんさくです). The second meaning is 'affiliation', referring to a group or organization that is connected or associated with another. For example: The company is part of a larger affiliation「その会社は大きな系列に属しています」(そのかいしゃはおおきなけいれつにぞくしています). The word is often used in business contexts to describe subsidiaries or related companies within a corporate group.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6400

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ash

Reading

Kanji

灰Ashes

Explanation

The Japanese noun '灰 (はい)' means 'ash'. This word refers to the powdery residue left after something has been burned, such as wood, paper, or other materials. It is commonly used in contexts related to fire, cremation, or cleaning up after burning something. For example: The ash fell from the cigarette「灰がタバコから落ちた」(はいがタバコからおちた). She cleaned the ash from the fireplace「彼女は暖炉の灰を掃除した」(かのじょはだんろのはいをそうじした). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that has been reduced to nothing, as in 'all turned to ash'「すべて灰になった」(すべてはいになった).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6403

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Translate

Reading

Kanji

訳Reason, Translation

Explanation

The Japanese verb '訳す (やくす)' means 'to translate'. It is used when converting text or speech from one language to another. This verb is commonly used in academic, professional, and everyday contexts. For example: I will translate this book「この本を訳します」(このほんをやくします). She translates Japanese into English「彼女は日本語を英語に訳す」(かのじょはにほんごをえいごにやくす). Note that '訳す' is often used with the particle 'を' to indicate the object being translated, as in '日本語を訳す (にほんごをやくす) (translate Japanese)'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6404

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Recognition

Reading

Kanji

認Recognize, Admit 識Knowledge, Discernment

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '認識 (にんしき)' means 'recognition' or 'awareness'. It refers to the act of recognizing or becoming aware of something, often used in contexts involving understanding, perception, or acknowledgment. For example: recognition of the problem「問題の認識」(もんだいのにんしき). He has no awareness of his mistakes「彼は自分の間違いを認識していない」(かれはじぶんのまちがいをにんしきしていない). This term is commonly used in both formal and informal settings to describe cognitive processes or realizations.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6414

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Blame, Criticism

Reading

Kanji

非Mistake, Negative 難Difficult

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '非難 (ひなん)' primarily means 'criticism' or 'blame'. It refers to the act of expressing disapproval or holding someone accountable for their actions. This word is often used in contexts where someone is being criticized for wrongdoing or mistakes. For example: The politician faced severe criticism「その政治家は激しい非難にさらされた」(そのせいじかははげしいひなんにさらされた). She blamed him for the failure「彼女は失敗を彼の非難にした」(かのじょはしっぱいをかれのひなんにした). Note that '非難' can carry a strong connotation, implying a serious accusation or condemnation.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6416

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lineage, System

Reading

Kanji

系Lineage 統Unite

Explanation

The Japanese noun '系統 (けいとう)' can mean 'system' or 'lineage'. When referring to 'system', it is often used in contexts like transportation systems, classification systems, or organizational structures. For example: This train belongs to the Tokyo subway system「この電車は東京の地下鉄系統です」(このでんしゃはとうきょうのちかてつけいとうです). When referring to 'lineage', it is used to describe family lines, biological classifications, or historical origins. For example: This dog has a pure lineage「この犬は純粋な系統です」(このいぬはじゅんすいなけいとうです). The word is versatile and context-dependent, so understanding the surrounding text is crucial for accurate interpretation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6435

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Book

Reading

Kanji

著Renowned, Author 書Write

Explanation

The Japanese noun '著書 (ちょしょ)' refers to a book or written work, particularly one that has been authored by someone. It is often used to describe a published work, such as a novel, essay collection, or academic text. This term emphasizes the authorship aspect, as it is derived from the kanji 著 (author) and 書 (writing). For example: His latest book is very popular「彼の最新の著書はとても人気です」(かれのさいしんのちょしょはとてもにんきです). I read her book last year「私は去年彼女の著書を読みました」(わたしはきょねんかのじょのちょしょをよみました). Note that this word is more formal and is typically used in written or formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6438

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Actor

Reading

Kanji

俳Actor, Haiku 優Superior, Gentle

Explanation

The Japanese noun '俳優 (はいゆう)' means 'actor'. It refers to a person who performs in plays, movies, or television shows. This word is gender-neutral and can be used for both male and female actors. For example: he is a famous actor「彼は有名な俳優です」(かれはゆうめいなはいゆうです). She wants to become an actor「彼女は俳優になりたい」(かのじょははいゆうになりたい). The term is commonly used in formal contexts and is distinct from '役者 (やくしゃ)', which can also mean 'actor' but often carries a more traditional or theatrical nuance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6439

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Security

Reading

Kanji

警Warn 備Equip, Provide

Explanation

The Japanese noun '警備 (けいび)' refers to 'security' or 'guarding'. It is commonly used to describe the act of protecting or guarding a place, event, or person. This term is often associated with professional security services, such as those employed at events, buildings, or public spaces. For example: The security at the event was tight「イベントの警備は厳しかった」(イベントのけいびはきびしかった). We need to increase security for the building「建物の警備を強化する必要がある」(たてもののけいびをきょうかするひつようがある). The word can also imply vigilance and preparedness to prevent potential threats or disturbances.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6451

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Face

Reading

Kanji

臨Face, Confront

Explanation

The Japanese verb '臨む (のぞむ)' primarily means 'to face' or 'to confront'. It is used to describe situations where one is directly facing or dealing with something, such as a challenge, an event, or a situation. It can also imply being present at or attending an important event. For example: He faced the challenge bravely「彼はその挑戦に臨んだ」(かれはそのちょうせんにのぞんだ). We will attend the meeting「私たちはその会議に臨む」(わたしたちはそのかいぎにのぞむ). The verb can also carry a nuance of approaching something with a certain attitude or mindset, such as facing a situation with determination or seriousness.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6458

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dispute

Reading

Kanji

論Theory, Argument 争Dispute

Explanation

The Japanese noun '論争 (ろんそう)' refers to a dispute or debate, typically involving a contentious issue where differing opinions are argued. It is used in contexts ranging from academic discussions to public controversies. For example: The dispute over the policy continued「その政策についての論争が続いた」(そのせいさくについてのろんそうがつづいた). There was a heated debate about the new law「新しい法律について激しい論争があった」(あたらしいほうりつについてはげしいろんそうがあった). The term emphasizes the exchange of opposing views and can imply a prolonged or intense discussion.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6473

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tide

Reading

Kanji

潮Tide

Explanation

The Japanese noun '潮 (しお)' primarily means 'tide', referring to the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the gravitational forces exerted by the moon and the sun. It can also metaphorically represent the flow or trend of events. For example: The tide is coming in「潮が満ちてきている」(しおがみちてきている). He went with the tide of public opinion「彼は世論の潮に乗った」(かれはよろんのしおにのった). Additionally, '潮' can sometimes refer to seawater or the sea itself in certain contexts, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6520

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Receipt

Reading

Kanji

領Territory 収Obtain 書Write

Explanation

The Japanese noun '領収書 (りょうしゅうしょ)' refers to a 'receipt', which is a document acknowledging that a payment has been made. This term is commonly used in business transactions, shopping, or any situation where proof of payment is required. For example: Please give me a receipt「領収書をください」(りょうしゅうしょをください). I lost the receipt「領収書をなくしました」(りょうしゅうしょをなくしました). In Japan, it is customary to request a '領収書' after making a payment, especially in formal or business settings. The word is often associated with financial accountability and is essential for record-keeping or reimbursement purposes.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6526

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Charge, Homeroom

Reading

Kanji

担Bear, Carry 任Duty, Responsibility

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '担任 (たんにん)' refers to the role or responsibility of being in charge of a class or group, often used in educational contexts. It can mean 'homeroom teacher' when referring to a person, or 'charge' when referring to the responsibility itself. For example: She is our homeroom teacher「彼女は私たちの担任です」(かのじょはわたしたちのたんにんです). He is in charge of this class「彼はこのクラスの担任です」(かれはこのクラスのたんにんです). The term emphasizes the responsibility of overseeing and guiding a specific group, particularly in schools.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6528

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Transfer

Reading

Kanji

転Revolve 勤Diligence

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '転勤 (てんきん)' refers to a job transfer, typically involving relocation to a different workplace or branch within the same company. It is commonly used in professional contexts to describe an employee being reassigned to a new location. For example: I was transferred to the Osaka branch「大阪支店に転勤しました」(おおさかしてんにてんきんしました). His transfer was sudden「彼の転勤は突然でした」(かれのてんきんはとつぜんでした). This term is often associated with corporate culture in Japan, where employees may be required to move frequently for work.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6530

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Strange

Reading

Kanji

異Rare, Different 様Way, Form

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '異様 (いよう)' means 'strange' or 'unusual'. It is used to describe something that is out of the ordinary, peculiar, or abnormal. This word often carries a nuance of something being unsettling or eerie. For example: The atmosphere was strange「その雰囲気は異様だった」(そのふんいきはいようだった). His behavior was unusual「彼の行動は異様だった」(かれのこうどうはいようだった). '異様' is typically used in situations where something deviates significantly from what is considered normal or expected, and it can be applied to a wide range of contexts, including environments, behaviors, or appearances.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6531

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Next morning

Reading

Kanji

翌Next, Following 朝Morning

Explanation

The Japanese noun '翌朝 (よくあさ)' refers to 'the next morning' or 'the following morning'. It is used to indicate the morning of the day after a specific event or day. This word is often used in narratives or descriptions to denote the passage of time. For example: I woke up early the next morning「翌朝、早く起きた」(よくあさ、はやくおきた). The next morning, the weather was clear「翌朝、天気は晴れていた」(よくあさ、てんきははれていた). It is important to note that '翌朝' is a formal or literary term, and in casual conversation, people might use '次の朝 (つぎのあさ)' instead.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6533

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Workplace

Reading

Kanji

勤Diligence 先Before, Previous

Explanation

The Japanese noun '勤め先 (つとめさき)' refers to the place where someone is employed or works. It is commonly used to describe one's workplace or office. This term is often used in formal or professional contexts. For example: My workplace is in Tokyo「私の勤め先は東京です」(わたしのつとめさきはとうきょうです). He is looking for a new workplace「彼は新しい勤め先を探しています」(かれはあたらしいつとめさきをさがしています). The term emphasizes the location or institution where one is employed, rather than the act of working itself.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6537

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Duty

Reading

Kanji

勤Diligence

Explanation

The Japanese noun '勤め (つとめ)' primarily means 'duty' or 'obligation'. It refers to a task or responsibility that one is expected to fulfill, often in a professional or societal context. This word can also imply a sense of moral or social obligation. For example: It is my duty to help「助けるのは私の勤めです」(たすけるのはわたしのつとめです). He fulfilled his duty「彼は勤めを果たした」(かれはつとめをはたした). Additionally, '勤め' can sometimes refer to one's job or employment, though this usage is less common and context-dependent.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6538

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Superiority

Reading

Kanji

優Superior, Gentle 位Rank

Explanation

The Japanese noun '優位 (ゆうい)' means 'superiority' or 'advantage'. It is used to describe a state where one side or entity is in a better or more dominant position compared to another. This term is often used in competitive contexts, such as sports, business, or debates. For example: Our team has the advantage「私たちのチームが優位にある」(わたしたちのチームがゆういにある). The company maintained its superiority in the market「その会社は市場で優位を保った」(そのかいしゃはしじょうでゆういをたもった). The word can also be used in abstract contexts, such as moral or intellectual superiority.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6574

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Review, Criticism

Reading

Kanji

批Criticize 評Evaluate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '批評 (ひひょう)' can mean both 'criticism' and 'review'. It refers to the act of evaluating or analyzing something, often in a formal or detailed manner. This word is commonly used in contexts such as literary criticism, art reviews, or critiques of performances. For example: His criticism was harsh「彼の批評は厳しかった」(かれのひひょうはきびしかった). I read a review of the movie「その映画の批評を読んだ」(そのえいがのひひょうをよんだ). Note that while 'criticism' can sometimes carry a negative connotation, '批評' is generally neutral and focuses on analysis rather than judgment.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6578

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Security, Guarantee

Reading

Kanji

保Preserve 障Hinder, Hurt

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '保障 (ほしょう)' primarily means 'guarantee' or 'security'. It refers to a promise or assurance that something will be provided or maintained, often in legal, financial, or social contexts. For example: The company provides a guarantee for its products「会社は製品に保障を提供します」(かいしゃはせいひんにほしょうをていきょうします). Social security is important for citizens「社会保障は市民にとって重要です」(しゃかいほしょうはしみんにとってじゅうようです). The word can also imply protection or assurance against risks, such as in insurance policies or contractual agreements.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6592

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Injury

Reading

Kanji

負Defeat 傷Wound, Injury

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '負傷 (ふしょう)' refers to an injury, typically physical, that someone sustains. It is often used in formal or medical contexts to describe wounds or harm to the body. For example: he suffered a serious injury「彼は重い負傷を負った」(かれはおもいふしょうをおった). The accident caused many injuries「その事故で多くの負傷者が出た」(そのじこでおおくのふしょうしゃがでた). Note that '負傷' is more formal than casual terms like 'けが (kega)' and is commonly used in news reports or official statements.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6594

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Flashy

Reading

Kanji

派Sect, Faction 手Hand

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '派手 (はで)' means 'flashy' or 'showy'. It is used to describe something that is visually striking, often in a bold or extravagant way. This can refer to clothing, decorations, behavior, or even events. For example: Her dress is very flashy「彼女のドレスはとても派手だ」(かのじょのドレスはとてもはでだ). The party decorations were too showy「パーティーの飾り付けが派手すぎた」(パーティーのかざりつけがはですぎた). The word can carry both positive and negative connotations depending on the context, sometimes implying a lack of subtlety or refinement.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6609

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Police box

Reading

Kanji

派Sect, Faction 出Exit 所Place

Explanation

The Japanese noun '派出所 (はしゅつじょ)' refers to a small local police station or police box, commonly found in neighborhoods across Japan. These are used for community policing, providing assistance, and handling minor incidents. They are often staffed by one or a few officers and serve as a point of contact for residents. Example sentences: There is a police box near the station「駅の近くに派出所があります」(えきのちかくにはしゅつじょがあります). I asked for directions at the police box「派出所で道を聞きました」(はしゅつじょでみちをききました).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6610

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Offer

Reading

Kanji

供Accompany, Offer

Explanation

The Japanese verb '供える (そなえる)' means 'to offer' or 'to present'. It is commonly used in the context of offering something, often in a religious or ceremonial setting, such as offering food, flowers, or other items to deities, spirits, or ancestors. For example: They offered flowers to the altar「彼らは祭壇に花を供えた」(かれらはさいだんにはなをそなえた). We offered rice to the gods「私たちは神々に米を供えた」(わたしたちはかみがみにこめをそなえた). The verb carries a respectful and formal tone, often implying a sense of reverence or ritual.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6648

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Disrupt

Reading

Kanji

乱Disorder, Riot

Explanation

The Japanese verb '乱す (みだす)' means 'to disrupt' or 'to disturb'. It is used to describe the act of causing disorder, confusion, or disruption to something that was previously orderly or organized. This verb can be applied to physical arrangements, plans, emotions, or states of being. For example: The wind disrupted the papers「風が書類を乱した」(かぜがしょるいをみだした). Her words disrupted his peace of mind「彼女の言葉が彼の心の平和を乱した」(かのじょのことばがかれのこころのへいわをみだした). The verb often carries a nuance of negatively affecting something that was stable or harmonious.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6650

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Seat

Reading

Kanji

座Sit, Seat 席Seat

Explanation

The Japanese noun '座席 (ざせき)' refers to a 'seat'. This term is commonly used in contexts such as theaters, airplanes, trains, or any place where seating arrangements are provided. For example: Please take your seat「どうぞ座席にお座りください」(どうぞざせきにおすわりください). The seat is reserved「その座席は予約済みです」(そのざせきはよやくずみです). It's important to note that '座席' specifically refers to the physical seat itself, not the act of sitting.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6658

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Paragraph

Reading

Kanji

段Step, Stairs 落Fall

Explanation

The Japanese noun '段落 (だんらく)' refers to a 'paragraph', a distinct section of a piece of writing, typically dealing with a single theme and indicated by a new line, indentation, or numbering. It is commonly used in both written and spoken Japanese to refer to sections of text. For example: Please read the next paragraph「次の段落を読んでください」(つぎのだんらくをよんでください). This paragraph is difficult to understand「この段落は理解しにくい」(このだんらくはりかいしにくい). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe phases or stages in a process or story.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6669

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Washing

Reading

Kanji

洗Wash 面Face, Surface

Explanation

The Japanese noun '洗面 (せんめん)' refers to the act of washing one's face or the area where one washes their face, such as a washbasin. It is commonly used in contexts related to personal hygiene and daily routines. For example: I washed my face「洗面をした」(せんめんをした). The washbasin is in the bathroom「洗面はバスルームにある」(せんめんはバスルームにある). This word is often used in compound words like '洗面台 (せんめんだい)' (washbasin) or '洗面所 (せんめんじょ)' (washroom).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6694

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Restroom, Hand washing

Reading

Kanji

手Hand 洗Wash

Explanation

The Japanese noun '手洗い (てあらい)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'handwashing', which refers to the act of washing one's hands. This is commonly used in contexts related to hygiene, such as before meals or after using the restroom. For example: Please wash your hands「手洗いをしてください」(てあらいをしてください). The second meaning is 'restroom', which refers to a place where one can wash their hands or use the toilet. This usage is more common in public places or establishments. For example: Where is the restroom?「手洗いはどこですか？」(てあらいはどこですか？). It's important to note that the context in which '手洗い' is used will determine which meaning is intended.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6695

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Washbasin

Reading

Kanji

洗Wash 面Face, Surface 器Vessel

Explanation

The Japanese noun '洗面器 (せんめんき)' refers to a 'washbasin' or a small basin used for washing one's face or hands. It is commonly found in bathrooms or washrooms and is often used in daily hygiene routines. For example: I filled the washbasin with water「洗面器に水を入れた」(せんめんきにみずをいれた). She washed her face in the washbasin「彼女は洗面器で顔を洗った」(かのじょはせんめんきでかおをあらった). This word is specific to the object and is not used metaphorically.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6696

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Internal organs

Reading

Kanji

内Inside 臓Entrails, Viscera

Explanation

The Japanese noun '内臓 (ないぞう)' refers to the internal organs of the body, such as the heart, liver, stomach, and intestines. It is commonly used in medical or biological contexts to describe the organs located inside the body cavity. For example: The doctor examined his internal organs「医師は彼の内臓を検査した」(いしはかれのないぞうをけんさした). Eating healthy is important for your internal organs「健康的な食事は内臓に重要です」(けんこうてきなしょくじはないぞうにじゅうようです). The term is neutral and can be used in both formal and informal settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6701

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Home

Reading

Kanji

在Be, Exist 宅House

Explanation

The Japanese noun '在宅 (ざいたく)' refers to being at home or staying at home. It is often used in contexts related to work, care, or services provided at home. For example: working from home「在宅で仕事をする」(ざいたくでしごとをする). Home care service「在宅ケアサービス」(ざいたくけあさーびす). This term is commonly used in modern contexts, especially with the rise of remote work and home-based services.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6706

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Desire

Reading

Kanji

欲Desire, Longing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '欲 (よく)' means 'desire'. It refers to a strong feeling of wanting something, whether it be material possessions, achievements, or abstract goals. This word is often used in contexts related to human nature, psychology, or philosophy. For example: His desire for success is strong「彼の成功への欲は強い」(かれのせいこうへのよくはつよい). Desire can lead to suffering「欲は苦しみを招くことがある」(よくはくるしみをまねくことがある). The word can also appear in compounds, such as '欲望 (よくぼう)' (desire, craving) or '食欲 (しょくよく)' (appetite).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6735

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Secret

Reading

Kanji

密Secret, Dense

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '密か (ひそか)' means 'secret' or 'hidden'. It is used to describe something that is kept private, concealed, or not openly expressed. This word often carries a nuance of something being done quietly or without drawing attention. For example: She has a secret love「彼女は密かな恋をしている」(かのじょはひそかなこいをしている). He secretly supported the project「彼は密かにプロジェクトを支援した」(かれはひそかにぷろじぇくとをしえんした). The word can also imply a sense of subtlety or discretion in actions or feelings.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6745

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Precious

Reading

Kanji

貴Precious

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '貴い (とうとい)' means 'precious' or 'valuable'. It is often used to describe something of high value, importance, or rarity, whether it be physical objects, abstract concepts, or even people. This word carries a sense of reverence or respect. For example: Time is precious「時間は貴い」(じかんはとうとい). This is a precious gift「これは貴い贈り物です」(これはとうといおくりものです). The word can also imply something noble or sacred, as in '貴い使命 (とうといしめい)' (noble mission).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6746

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Membership

Reading

Kanji

加Join, Add 盟Alliance

Explanation

The Japanese noun '加盟 (かめい)' refers to the act of joining or becoming a member of an organization, group, or alliance. It is commonly used in formal contexts, such as when a country joins an international organization or a company becomes part of a larger association. For example: Japan's membership in the United Nations「日本の国連への加盟」(にほんのこくれんへのかめい). The company decided to join the trade association「その会社はその業界団体への加盟を決めた」(そのかいしゃはそのぎょうかいだんたいへのかめいをきめた). The term emphasizes the formal and official nature of the membership.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6749

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

View

Reading

Kanji

展Unfold, Expand 望Hope, Ambition

Explanation

The Japanese noun '展望 (てんぼう)' refers to a 'view' or 'prospect', often implying a wide or expansive view, such as from a high place or in a figurative sense. It can be used to describe both physical views and abstract prospects or outlooks. For example: The view from the tower is amazing「展望台からの眺めは素晴らしい」(てんぼうだいからのながめはすばらしい). We have a bright outlook for the future「私たちは未来に対して明るい展望を持っている」(わたしたちはみらいにたいしてあかるいてんぼうをもっている). This word is commonly used in contexts involving scenery, future plans, or expectations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6753

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Launch

Reading

Kanji

発Departure 射Shoot

Explanation

The Japanese noun '発射 (はっしゃ)' means 'launch'. It is commonly used to describe the act of firing or propelling something, such as a rocket, missile, or projectile. It can also be used metaphorically to describe the initiation of an action or process. For example: The rocket launch was successful「ロケットの発射は成功した」(ロケットのはっしゃはせいこうした). The police fired a warning shot「警察は警告の発射をした」(けいさつはけいこくのはっしゃをした). This word is often used in technical, military, or scientific contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6755

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pay, Store

Reading

Kanji

納Settlement

Explanation

The Japanese verb '納める (おさめる)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to pay,' often used in the context of paying taxes, fees, or dues. For example: I paid my taxes「税金を納めた」(ぜいきんをおさめた). The second meaning is 'to store' or 'to put something away,' often used when placing items in a specific location for safekeeping. For example: She stored the books on the shelf「彼女は本を棚に納めた」(かのじょはほんをたなにおさめた). The verb can also imply a sense of completion or fulfillment, such as fulfilling an obligation or storing something properly.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6756

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Gem

Reading

Kanji

宝Treasure 石Stone

Explanation

The Japanese noun '宝石 (ほうせき)' means 'gem' or 'jewel'. It refers to precious or semi-precious stones that are often used in jewelry or as decorative items. This word is commonly used in contexts related to luxury, beauty, and value. For example: She loves wearing gems「彼女は宝石を身につけるのが好きです」(かのじょはほうせきをみにつけるのがすきです). This necklace has a beautiful gem「このネックレスには美しい宝石がついています」(このネックレスにはうつくしいほうせきがついています). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something or someone as precious or valuable.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6764

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Saint

Reading

Kanji

聖Saint, Holy 人Person

Explanation

The Japanese noun '聖人 (せいじん)' refers to a 'saint', a person recognized for their exceptional holiness, virtue, or closeness to the divine. This term is often used in religious contexts, particularly within Buddhism and Christianity, to describe individuals who have achieved a high level of spiritual enlightenment or moral perfection. For example: He is regarded as a saint「彼は聖人と見なされている」(かれはせいじんとみなされている). The teachings of the saint are still followed today「その聖人の教えは今も守られている」(そのせいじんのおしえはいまもまもられている). In Japanese culture, the concept of a saint can also extend to historical figures or spiritual leaders who are revered for their wisdom and contributions to society.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6799

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Visit

Reading

Kanji

訪Visit 問Question, Problem

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '訪問 (ほうもん)' means 'visit'. It refers to the act of visiting someone or someplace, often with a formal or purposeful connotation. It is commonly used in contexts such as business visits, home visits, or official visits. For example: I will visit my friend tomorrow「明日、友達を訪問します」(あした、ともだちをほうもんします). The president visited the factory「社長は工場を訪問しました」(しゃちょうはこうじょうをほうもんしました). This word is often used in formal settings and can be combined with other words to specify the type of visit, such as '家庭訪問 (かていほうもん)' (home visit) or '公式訪問 (こうしきほうもん)' (official visit).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6820

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Operation

Reading

Kanji

操Handle, Chastity 作Make

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '操作 (そうさ)' primarily means 'operation' or 'manipulation'. It is used to describe the act of handling, controlling, or managing something, such as machinery, systems, or even abstract concepts. For example: operating a machine「機械を操作する」(きかいをそうさする). Manipulating data「データを操作する」(データをそうさする). This word is often used in technical or professional contexts, such as in computing, engineering, or business. It can also imply a sense of control or influence over a situation or person, as in 'manipulating public opinion'「世論を操作する」(よろんをそうさする).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6834

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exercise

Reading

Kanji

体Body 操Handle, Chastity

Explanation

The Japanese noun '体操 (たいそう)' refers to physical exercise or gymnastics. It is commonly used to describe a set of physical activities performed to improve health, flexibility, or strength. This word is often associated with school routines, where students perform 'ラジオ体操 (ラジオたいそう)' (radio calisthenics) as a group. Example sentences: I do exercise every morning「私は毎朝体操をします」(わたしはまいあさたいそうをします). Gymnastics is good for your body「体操は体に良いです」(たいそうはからだにいいです). The word can also refer to formal gymnastics as a sport, such as in '体操競技 (たいそうきょうぎ)' (gymnastics competition).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6836

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Control

Reading

Kanji

操Handle, Chastity 縦Vertical

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '操縦 (そうじゅう)' means 'control' or 'operation', specifically in the context of operating machinery or vehicles. It is commonly used when referring to the act of steering, piloting, or managing something, such as a car, airplane, or ship. For example: He is skilled at controlling the airplane「彼は飛行機の操縦が上手だ」(かれはひこうきのそうじゅうがじょうずだ). The captain controls the ship「船長が船を操縦する」(せんちょうがふねをそうじゅうする). This word emphasizes the technical or skillful aspect of handling a machine or vehicle.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6837

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vertical writing

Reading

Kanji

縦Vertical 書Write

Explanation

The Japanese noun '縦書き (たてがき)' refers to the traditional style of writing in Japanese where text is arranged in vertical columns, read from top to bottom and right to left. This style is commonly used in books, newspapers, and formal documents. For example: This book is written in vertical writing「この本は縦書きです」(このほんはたてがきです). I prefer vertical writing for novels「小説は縦書きが好きです」(しょうせつはたてがきがすきです). It contrasts with '横書き (よこがき)', which is horizontal writing, typically used in digital formats and Western-style documents.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6842

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Difficulty

Reading

Kanji

難Difficult

Explanation

The Japanese noun '難 (なん)' means 'difficulty' or 'hardship'. It is often used to describe challenging situations, problems, or obstacles. This word is commonly found in compound words or phrases, such as '困難 (こんなん)' (difficulty) or '災難 (さいなん)' (disaster). For example: This problem is full of difficulties「この問題は難だらけだ」(このもんだいはなんだらけだ). Overcoming difficulties is important「難を乗り越えることが大切だ」(なんをのりこえることがたいせつだ). Note that '難' can also appear in idiomatic expressions or proverbs, emphasizing the concept of struggle or adversity.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6850

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Interpretation

Reading

Kanji

通Commute, Pass 訳Reason, Translation

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '通訳 (つうやく)' refers to the act of interpreting, particularly spoken language, between two parties who do not share a common language. It is commonly used in contexts such as international conferences, business meetings, or any situation where real-time language translation is required. For example: She is good at interpretation「彼女は通訳が上手です」(かのじょはつうやくがじょうずです). We need an interpreter for the meeting「会議に通訳が必要です」(かいぎにつうやくがひつようです). The term is distinct from '翻訳 (ほんやく)', which refers to written translation.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6892

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Apologetic

Reading

Kanji

申Report 訳Reason, Translation

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '申し訳ない (もうしわけない)' means 'apologetic' or 'feeling deeply sorry'. It is used to express sincere regret or apology, often in formal or serious situations. This phrase conveys a strong sense of responsibility and remorse. For example: I am deeply sorry for the inconvenience「ご迷惑をおかけして申し訳ありません」(ごめいわくをおかけしてもうしわけありません). I feel terrible for being late「遅れてしまって申し訳ない」(おくれてしまってもうしわけない). The phrase is often used in polite or formal contexts, and it can be intensified by adding 'ございません' (e.g., '申し訳ございません') to make it even more respectful.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6893

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Gray

Reading

Kanji

灰Ashes 色Color

Explanation

The Japanese noun '灰色 (はいいろ)' means 'gray'. It refers to the color that is a mix of black and white. This word is commonly used to describe objects, clothing, or even abstract concepts that have a gray color. For example: The sky is gray today「今日の空は灰色だ」(きょうのそらははいいろだ). She was wearing a gray coat「彼女は灰色のコートを着ていた」(かのじょははいいろのコートをきていた). Additionally, '灰色' can sometimes be used metaphorically to describe situations or emotions that are ambiguous or unclear, such as 'a gray area' in English.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6897

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Debate

Reading

Kanji

討Chastise 論Theory, Argument

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '討論 (とうろん)' means 'debate'. It refers to a formal discussion or argument on a particular topic, often involving opposing viewpoints. This term is commonly used in academic, political, or professional settings where structured and reasoned arguments are exchanged. For example: We had a lively debate about the issue「その問題について活発な討論をした」(そのもんだいについてかっぱつなとうろんをした). The debate lasted for hours「討論は何時間も続いた」(とうろんはなんじかんもつづいた). It is important to note that '討論' implies a more formal and structured exchange of ideas compared to casual discussions.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6902

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Step, Level

Reading

Kanji

一One 段Step, Stairs

Explanation

The Japanese noun '一段 (いちだん)' can mean 'step' or 'level'. When referring to 'step', it often describes a physical step or stage in a process. For example: climb one step「一段登る」(いちだんのぼる). When referring to 'level', it can indicate a degree or rank, such as in skill or quality. For example: reach a higher level「一段高いレベルに達する」(いちだんたかいレベルにたっする). The word is versatile and can be used in both literal and figurative contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6904

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Break

Reading

Kanji

割Divide, Split

Explanation

The Japanese verb '割れる (われる)' means 'to break' or 'to split'. It is often used to describe something breaking into pieces, such as glass or a relationship. This verb can also imply a division or separation, either physically or metaphorically. For example: The glass broke「ガラスが割れた」(ガラスがわれた). Their relationship broke apart「彼らの関係が割れた」(かれらのかんけいがわれた). Note that '割れる' is an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object. The transitive counterpart is '割る (わる)', which means 'to break something'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6911

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Headache

Reading

Kanji

頭Head 痛Pain

Explanation

The Japanese noun '頭痛 (ずつう)' means 'headache'. It refers to a pain in the head, often caused by stress, illness, or other factors. This word is commonly used in both medical and everyday contexts. For example: I have a headache「頭痛がする」(ずつうがする). She often gets headaches「彼女はよく頭痛がする」(かのじょはよくずつうがする). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe a troublesome or annoying situation, such as 'this problem is a headache'「この問題は頭痛の種だ」(このもんだいはずつうのたねだ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6926

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pure

Reading

Kanji

純Pure

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '純 (じゅん)' means 'pure' and is often used to describe something that is genuine, unadulterated, or untainted. It can be attached to nouns to convey a sense of purity or authenticity. For example: pure love「純愛」(じゅんあい). pure gold「純金」(じゅんきん). This prefix is commonly used in contexts related to emotions, materials, or concepts to emphasize their untainted or genuine nature. It is important to note that '純' is often used in compound words and carries a positive connotation.

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6930

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Disorder

Reading

Kanji

乱Disorder, Riot

Explanation

The Japanese verb '乱れる (みだれる)' means 'to be in disorder' or 'to be disheveled'. It is used to describe a state of chaos, confusion, or disarray, whether physical, emotional, or situational. For example: Her hair was disheveled「彼女の髪が乱れていた」(かのじょのかみがみだれていた). The meeting descended into chaos「会議が乱れた」(かいぎがみだれた). This verb can also describe emotional turmoil, such as '心が乱れる (こころがみだれる)' (to be emotionally disturbed). It is often used in contexts where something that should be orderly becomes disrupted or messy.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6933

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Empress

Reading

Kanji

皇Emperor 后Empress

Explanation

The Japanese noun '皇后 (こうごう)' refers to the 'empress', specifically the wife of the reigning emperor. This term is used in the context of the Japanese imperial family and carries a formal and respectful tone. For example: The empress attended the ceremony「皇后は式典に出席しました」(こうごうはしきてんにしゅっせきしました). The empress is known for her charity work「皇后は慈善活動で知られています」(こうごうはじぜんかつどうでしられています). This term is distinct from other titles like '皇太子妃 (こうたいしひ)' (crown princess) or '女帝 (じょてい)' (female emperor), as it specifically denotes the consort of the emperor.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6969

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Officer

Reading

Kanji

将Leader, Commander 校School

Explanation

The Japanese noun '将校 (しょうこう)' refers to a military officer, typically in the context of the army or navy. It is used to describe someone who holds a commissioned rank in the armed forces. For example: He is a high-ranking officer「彼は高位の将校です」(かれはこういのしょうこうです). The officer gave the command「将校が命令を出した」(しょうこうがめいれいをだした). This term is specific to military contexts and does not apply to civilian or police officers.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6976

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Delivery

Reading

Kanji

届Report, Deliver

Explanation

The Japanese noun '届け (とどける)' refers to the act of delivering or submitting something, often used in contexts like delivering a package or submitting a formal document. It can also imply the completion of a delivery process. For example: I received the delivery「届けを受け取りました」(とどけをうけとりました). Please submit the application form「申請書を届けてください」(しんせいしょをとどけてください). This word is commonly used in both everyday and formal situations, emphasizing the action of bringing something to its intended recipient or destination.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6991

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shortening

Reading

Kanji

短Short 縮Shrink

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '短縮 (たんしゅく)' means 'shortening'. It refers to the act of making something shorter in length, duration, or size. This term is often used in contexts such as time management, physical objects, or processes. For example: The meeting time was shortened「会議の時間が短縮された」(かいぎのじかんがたんしゅくされた). They shortened the document「彼らは文書を短縮した」(かれらはぶんしょをたんしゅくした). It can also be used in technical or formal contexts, such as 'shortening a URL'「URLを短縮する」(ゆーあーるえるをたんしゅくする).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7001

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hometown

Reading

Kanji

郷Hometown

Explanation

The Japanese noun '郷 (ごう)' refers to one's hometown or the place where one was born and raised. It carries a nostalgic or sentimental connotation, often evoking feelings of longing or attachment to one's roots. For example: I miss my hometown「郷が懐かしい」(ごうがなつかしい). He returned to his hometown「彼は郷に帰った」(かれはごうにかえった). This word is commonly used in literary or poetic contexts to emphasize a deep connection to one's place of origin.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7006

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Suspicion

Reading

Kanji

容Contain, Looks 疑Doubt, Suspect

Explanation

The Japanese noun '容疑 (ようぎ)' refers to 'suspicion' or 'allegation' in the context of a crime or wrongdoing. It is commonly used in legal or investigative settings to describe the suspicion that someone has committed a crime. For example: He is under suspicion of theft「彼は窃盗の容疑をかけられている」(かれはせっとうのようぎをかけられている). The police are investigating the suspicion of fraud「警察は詐欺の容疑を調査している」(けいさつはさぎのようぎをちょうさしている). The word is often paired with verbs like 'かける' (to place) or '受ける' (to receive) to indicate the act of being suspected or suspecting someone.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7011

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shrink, Shorten

Reading

Kanji

縮Shrink

Explanation

The Japanese verb '縮める (ちぢめる)' primarily means 'to shrink' or 'to shorten'. It is used to describe the action of making something smaller in size, length, or volume. This verb can be applied to physical objects, such as clothes shrinking in the wash, or abstract concepts, like shortening a speech. For example: I shrank the sweater「セーターを縮めた」(セーターをちぢめた). He shortened the meeting「彼は会議を縮めた」(かれはかいぎをちぢめた). The verb can also imply reducing something in a more general sense, such as reducing time or distance.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7014

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shrink

Reading

Kanji

縮Shrink

Explanation

The Japanese verb '縮む (ちぢむ)' means 'to shrink' or 'to contract'. It is used to describe something becoming smaller in size, length, or volume, often due to external factors like heat, cold, or pressure. For example: The sweater shrank in the wash「セーターが洗濯で縮んだ」(セーターがせんたくでちぢんだ). When scared, my body shrinks「怖いとき、体が縮む」(こわいとき、からだがちぢむ). This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe someone becoming timid or withdrawn, as in 'He shrank back in fear'「彼は怖くて縮んだ」(かれはこわくてちぢんだ).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7015

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shrinkage

Reading

Kanji

縮Shrink

Explanation

The Japanese noun '縮み (ちぢみ)' refers to the act or state of shrinking, contracting, or becoming smaller. It is often used to describe physical shrinkage, such as fabric shrinking after washing, or metaphorical contraction, like a decrease in size or scope. For example: The shirt has shrinkage after washing「そのシャツは洗濯後に縮みがある」(そのシャツはせんたくごにちぢみがある). The company experienced a shrinkage in profits「その会社は利益の縮みを経験した」(そのかいしゃはりえきのちぢみをけいけんした). This word is commonly used in contexts involving textiles, materials, or measurable reductions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7016

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shrink

Reading

Kanji

縮Shrink

Explanation

The Japanese verb '縮まる (ちぢまる)' means 'to shrink' or 'to contract'. It is used to describe something becoming smaller in size, length, or volume. This verb can be used for physical objects, such as clothes shrinking in the wash, or for abstract concepts, like time feeling shorter. For example: The sweater shrank in the wash「セーターが洗濯で縮まった」(セーターがせんたくでちぢまった). Time seems to shrink when you're having fun「楽しいときは時間が縮まる」(たのしいときはじかんがちぢまる). Note that '縮まる' is an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7017

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Close, Shut

Reading

Kanji

閉Close, Shut

Explanation

The Japanese verb '閉ざす (とざす)' means 'to close' or 'to shut'. It is often used to describe closing something firmly or tightly, such as a door, window, or entrance. It can also be used metaphorically to describe closing off emotions, opportunities, or communication. For example: He closed the door firmly「彼はドアを閉ざした」(かれはドアをとざした). Her heart was closed to love「彼女の心は愛に閉ざされていた」(かのじょのこころはあいにとざされていた). The storm closed the roads「嵐が道路を閉ざした」(あらしがどうろをとざした). Note that '閉ざす' often implies a more permanent or deliberate action compared to other words like '閉める (しめる)', which is more general.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7028

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exhibition

Reading

Kanji

展Unfold, Expand

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '展 (てん)' is commonly used to denote an exhibition or display. It is often attached to nouns to indicate that the event or place is related to showcasing something, such as art, products, or collections. For example: art exhibition「美術展」(びじゅつてん). This suffix is frequently used in formal contexts and is a key part of many event names. Another example: photography exhibition「写真展」(しゃしんてん). The suffix '展' is versatile and can be used in various contexts, but it always retains its core meaning of an exhibition or display.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7043

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reflection, Reaction

Reading

Kanji

反Anti 射Shoot

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '反射 (はんしゃ)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'reflection', which refers to the bouncing back of light, sound, or heat from a surface. For example: The light reflects off the mirror「光が鏡に反射する」(ひかりがかがみにはんしゃする). The second meaning is 'reaction', which refers to an automatic or involuntary response to a stimulus. For example: He reacted quickly to the sound「彼はその音に素早く反射した」(かれはそのおとにすばやくはんしゃした). It's important to note that the context in which '反射' is used will determine which meaning is intended.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7048

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Victory, Championship

Reading

Kanji

優Superior, Gentle 勝Victory

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '優勝 (ゆうしょう)' refers to winning a competition or tournament, often implying a championship or first-place finish. It is commonly used in sports, games, or contests. For example: Our team won the championship「私たちのチームが優勝した」(わたしたちのチームがゆうしょうした). He achieved victory in the tournament「彼はトーナメントで優勝した」(かれはトーナメントでゆうしょうした). The word carries a sense of achievement and is often associated with formal or competitive settings.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7051

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Surround

Reading

Kanji

取Take 巻Scroll

Explanation

The Japanese verb '取り巻く (とりまく)' means 'to surround' or 'to encircle'. It is often used to describe a situation where something or someone is surrounded by people, objects, or circumstances. This verb can be used both literally and figuratively. For example: The castle is surrounded by a moat「その城は堀に取り巻かれている」(そのしろはほりにとりまかれている). The celebrity was surrounded by fans「その有名人はファンに取り巻かれていた」(そのゆうめいじんはふぁんにとりまかれていた). In a figurative sense, it can describe being surrounded by problems or challenges, such as: He is surrounded by difficulties「彼は困難に取り巻かれている」(かれはこんなんにとりまかれている).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7066

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Close

Reading

Kanji

密Secret, Dense 接Contact, Touch

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '密接 (みっせつ)' means 'close' in the sense of being closely connected or related. It is often used to describe relationships, connections, or ties between things, people, or concepts. For example: The two events are closely related「その二つの出来事は密接に関連している」(そのふたつのできごとはみっせつにかんれんしている). There is a close connection between health and diet「健康と食事は密接な関係がある」(けんこうとしょくじはみっせつなかんけいがある). This word emphasizes a strong, inseparable bond or link between entities.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7092

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

List

Reading

Kanji

一One 覧Look, Perusal

Explanation

The Japanese noun '一覧 (いちらん)' means 'list'. It refers to a comprehensive or organized display of items, often presented in a table or chart format. This word is commonly used in contexts such as schedules, directories, or summaries. For example: Please check the list「一覧を確認してください」(いちらんをかくにんしてください). The list of participants is attached「参加者一覧が添付されています」(さんかしゃいちらんがてんぷされています). Note that '一覧' often implies a visual or structured presentation of information, making it distinct from more general terms like 'リスト (list)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7100

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Founding

Reading

Kanji

創Create 業Business

Explanation

The Japanese noun '創業 (そうぎょう)' refers to the act of establishing or founding a business, organization, or institution. It is commonly used in contexts related to the creation or inception of a company. For example: The founding of this company was in 1995「この会社の創業は1995年です」(このかいしゃのそうぎょうは1995ねんです). He is the founder of the company「彼はその会社の創業者です」(かれはそのかいしゃのそうぎょうしゃです). The term is often used in formal or business contexts to describe the origin or establishment of an enterprise.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7103

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Our country

Reading

Kanji

我Self, Ego 国Country

Explanation

The Japanese noun '我が国 (わがくに)' means 'our country'. It is a formal and somewhat patriotic term used to refer to one's own nation, often in official or ceremonial contexts. The term carries a sense of pride and belonging. For example: We must protect our country「我が国を守らなければならない」(わがくにをまもらなければならない). Our country is beautiful「我が国は美しい」(わがくにはうつくしい). The term is often used in speeches, official documents, and news reports to emphasize national identity and unity.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7110

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Archipelago

Reading

Kanji

諸Many, Various 島Island

Explanation

The Japanese noun '諸島 (しょとう)' refers to an 'archipelago', which is a group or chain of islands. This term is often used in geographical contexts to describe clusters of islands, such as the Japanese archipelago itself. For example: The Japanese archipelago consists of many islands「日本の諸島は多くの島々から成る」(にほんのしょとうはおおくのしまじまからなる). The Ryukyu Islands are a famous archipelago「琉球諸島は有名な諸島です」(りゅうきゅうしょとうはゆうめいなしょとうです). The term can also be used metaphorically to describe any group or collection of similar things, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7114

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

End of shogunate

Reading

Kanji

幕Curtain 末End

Explanation

The Japanese noun '幕末 (ばくまつ)' refers to the final years of the Edo period (1603–1868), specifically the period leading up to the Meiji Restoration in 1868. This era was marked by significant political and social upheaval, as Japan transitioned from a feudal society under the Tokugawa shogunate to a modern nation-state. The term is often used in historical contexts to describe the events, figures, and cultural shifts of this transformative time. For example: The end of the shogunate was a turbulent time「幕末は激動の時代だった」(ばくまつはげきどうのじだいだった). Many samurai fought during the end of the shogunate「幕末には多くの侍が戦った」(ばくまつにはおおくのさむらいがたたかった).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7116

Composition

kanji

Handwriting