言Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Kanji JLPT Level

word

Meaning

Organization, Formation

Reading

Kanji

成Become 編Edit, Knit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '編成 (へんせい)' can mean 'formation' or 'organization', depending on the context. It is often used to describe the arrangement or structuring of groups, teams, or systems. For example, in the context of a sports team, it refers to the formation of players. In a business or organizational context, it refers to the structuring of departments or teams. Example sentences: The formation of the soccer team was changed「サッカーチームの編成が変わった」(サッカーチームのへんせいがかわった). The organization of the company is very efficient「会社の編成はとても効率的だ」(かいしゃのへんせいはとてもこうりつてきだ). Note that '編成' is often used in formal or technical contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4280

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Drying, Dryness

Reading

Kanji

燥Dry, Parch, Dry up 乾Dry

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '乾燥 (かんそう)' primarily refers to the state of being dry or the process of drying. It is commonly used in contexts related to weather, food preservation, and materials. For example: The dryness of the air is intense「空気の乾燥が激しい」(くうきのかんそうがはげしい). Drying clothes in the sun「服を乾燥させる」(ふくをかんそうさせる). This word can also be used in scientific or technical contexts, such as in describing the drying process of paint or other substances.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4281

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Coal

Reading

Kanji

石Stone 炭Charcoal

Explanation

The Japanese noun '石炭 (せきたん)' refers to 'coal', a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock used as a fuel. This word is commonly used in contexts related to energy, mining, or historical references to industrialization. For example: Coal is an important energy resource「石炭は重要なエネルギー資源です」(せきたんはじゅうようなエネルギーしげんです). They used coal to heat the house「彼らは家を暖めるために石炭を使いました」(かれらはいえをあたためるためにせきたんをつかいました). The word is neutral in tone and is typically used in technical, historical, or everyday contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4290

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shore

Reading

Kanji

岸Beach

Explanation

The Japanese noun '岸 (きし)' refers to the 'shore' or 'bank' of a body of water, such as a river, lake, or sea. It is used to describe the land at the edge of the water. For example: The boat is near the shore「ボートは岸の近くにある」(ボートはきしのちかくにある). We walked along the riverbank「私たちは川の岸を歩いた」(わたしたちはかわのきしをあるいた). This word is commonly used in both natural and urban settings to describe the boundary between land and water.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4293

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stab

Reading

Kanji

刺Stab

Explanation

The Japanese verb '刺す (さす)' primarily means 'to stab' or 'to pierce'. It is used to describe the action of penetrating something with a sharp object, such as a knife, needle, or thorn. This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe emotional pain or sharp sensations. For example: he stabbed the enemy with a knife「彼は敵をナイフで刺した」(かれはてきをナイフでさした). A bee stung me「蜂が私を刺した」(はちがわたしをさした). The cold wind pierced through my coat「冷たい風がコートを刺した」(つめたいかぜがコートをさした). Note that '刺す' is often used in contexts involving physical penetration, but it can also describe sharp, sudden feelings or actions.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4295

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Both

Reading

Kanji

方Direction 双Both, Pair

Explanation

The Japanese noun '双方 (そうほう)' means 'both' or 'both parties'. It is used to refer to two sides, parties, or aspects of a situation. This term is often used in formal or legal contexts to emphasize the involvement or agreement of two parties. For example: Both parties agreed「双方が同意した」(そうほうがどういした). Both sides are responsible「双方が責任を負う」(そうほうがせきにんをおう). The word is neutral and can be applied to people, groups, or abstract concepts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4298

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Colony

Reading

Kanji

植Plant 地Ground 民People, Nation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '植民地 (しょくみんち)' means 'colony'. It refers to a territory or area that is under the political control of another country, often settled by people from that controlling country. This term is commonly used in historical or political contexts to describe regions that were colonized by foreign powers. For example: This island was once a colony「この島はかつて植民地だった」(このしまはかつてしょくみんちだった). The country lost its colonies after the war「その国は戦後植民地を失った」(そのくにはせんごしょくみんちをうしなった). The word can also carry connotations of exploitation or subjugation, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4300

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Potted plant

Reading

Kanji

植Plant 木Tree, Wood

Explanation

The Japanese noun '植木 (うえき)' refers to a 'potted plant' or a plant that is cultivated in a pot or container. This term is often used in gardening and landscaping contexts. It can also refer to ornamental plants that are grown for decorative purposes. For example: I bought a new potted plant「新しい植木を買いました」(あたらしいうえきをかいました). The garden is full of beautiful potted plants「庭には美しい植木がいっぱいです」(にわにはうつくしいうえきがいっぱいです). The term can also be used more broadly to refer to plants that are intentionally planted and cared for, as opposed to wild plants.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4303

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Botanical garden

Reading

Kanji

園Garden 植Plant 物Thing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '植物園 (しょくぶつえん)' means 'botanical garden.' This word refers to a specialized garden where a variety of plants are cultivated for scientific research, conservation, and public display. Botanical gardens often feature exotic plants, greenhouses, and thematic displays. For example: Let's go to the botanical garden 「植物園に行きましょう」 (しょくぶつえんにいきましょう). The botanical garden has many rare plants 「その植物園には珍しい植物がたくさんあります」 (そのしょくぶつえんにはめずらしいしょくぶつがたくさんあります). This word is commonly used in contexts related to nature, tourism, and education.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4304

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Household

Reading

Kanji

世World, Generation 帯Belt, Wear

Explanation

The Japanese noun '世帯 (せたい)' refers to a 'household', which is a group of people living together in a single dwelling unit, typically sharing resources and responsibilities. This term is often used in official contexts, such as census data, government forms, or social services. For example: The number of households in this city is increasing「この街の世帯数は増えている」(このまちのせたいすうはふえている). Our household consists of four people「私たちの世帯は四人です」(わたしたちのせたいはよにんです). The word can also be used to describe the economic or social unit of a household, such as in '世帯主 (せたいぬし)', meaning 'head of the household'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4308

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Deliver

Reading

Kanji

届Report, Deliver

Explanation

The Japanese verb '届ける (とどける)' means 'to deliver' or 'to hand over'. It is used when someone brings or sends something to a specific destination or person, often implying a formal or official action. For example: I delivered the package to the office「私は荷物を事務所に届けた」(わたしはにもつをじむしょにとどけた). Please deliver this letter to him「この手紙を彼に届けてください」(このてがみをかれにとどけてください). The verb can also be used in contexts like reporting or notifying, such as delivering news or information. For instance: She delivered the news to the team「彼女はチームにその知らせを届けた」(かのじょはチームにそのしらせをとどけた).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4324

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reduce

Reading

Kanji

減Decrease

Explanation

The Japanese verb '減らす (へらす)' means 'to reduce' or 'to decrease'. It is used when referring to making something smaller in quantity, size, or intensity. This verb can be applied to various contexts, such as reducing costs, decreasing weight, or lowering the number of items. For example: I reduced the amount of sugar「砂糖の量を減らした」(さとうのりょうをへらした). We need to reduce expenses「経費を減らす必要がある」(けいひをへらすひつようがある). Note that '減らす' is a transitive verb, meaning it requires a direct object to indicate what is being reduced.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4334

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bleeding

Reading

Kanji

出Exit 血Blood

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '出血 (しゅっけつ)' means 'bleeding'. It refers to the act or process of losing blood, typically from an injury or wound. This term is commonly used in medical contexts but can also be used metaphorically to describe significant financial loss or sacrifice. For example: The patient is bleeding「患者が出血している」(かんじゃがしゅっけつしている). The company is bleeding money「会社が出血している」(かいしゃがしゅっけつしている). It's important to note that '出血' can be used both literally and figuratively, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4338

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Liquid

Reading

Kanji

液Liquid 体Body

Explanation

The Japanese noun '液体 (えきたい)' means 'liquid'. This term refers to a substance that flows freely but is of constant volume, having a consistency like that of water or oil. It is used in both scientific and everyday contexts to describe the state of matter between solid and gas. For example: water is a liquid「水は液体です」(みずはえきたいです). This bottle contains a strange liquid「このボトルには変な液体が入っている」(このボトルにはへんなえきたいがはいっている). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that resembles a liquid in its flow or form.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4339

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fracture

Reading

Kanji

骨Bone 折Bend, Fold

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '骨折 (こっせつ)' means 'fracture'. It refers to the breaking or cracking of a bone, often due to injury or trauma. This term is commonly used in medical contexts or when discussing injuries. For example: He has a fracture in his arm「彼は腕を骨折した」(かれはうでをこっせつした). The doctor said it's a serious fracture「医者はそれが深刻な骨折だと言った」(いしゃはそれがしんこくなこっせつだといった). Note that '骨折' can also be used metaphorically to describe a situation where someone has put in a lot of effort, as in '骨折り損のくたびれ儲け (こっせりぞんのくたびれもうけ)', meaning 'all that effort for nothing'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4349

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Disinfection

Reading

Kanji

毒Poison 消Extinguish

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '消毒 (しょうどく)' means 'disinfection'. It refers to the process of cleaning something to destroy bacteria, viruses, or other harmful microorganisms. This term is commonly used in medical, hygiene, and cleaning contexts. For example: Please disinfect the wound「傷を消毒してください」(きずをしょうどくしてください). The hospital disinfects all equipment「病院は全ての器具を消毒します」(びょういんはすべてのきぐをしょうどくします). It is often used with verbs like する (to do) or する必要がある (need to do) to indicate the action of disinfecting.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4358

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Resumption

Reading

Kanji

開Open 再Again, Twice

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '再開 (さいかい)' means 'resumption' or 'restarting'. It is used to describe the act of starting something again after it has been paused, stopped, or interrupted. This word is commonly used in contexts such as events, activities, or processes that are being resumed. For example: The meeting will resume tomorrow「会議は明日再開します」(かいぎはあしたさいかいします). Classes resumed after the holiday「休みの後、授業が再開した」(やすみのあと、じゅぎょうがさいかいした). It is important to note that '再開' often implies a formal or planned restart, rather than a spontaneous one.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4368

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Playback, Recycling

Reading

Kanji

生Life 再Again, Twice

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '再生 (さいせい)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'playback', referring to the act of playing back audio or video recordings. For example: I listened to the playback of the song「その曲の再生を聞いた」(そのきょくのさいせいをきいた). The second meaning is 'recycling', referring to the process of converting waste materials into reusable materials. For example: Recycling is important for the environment「再生は環境にとって重要だ」(さいせいはかんきょうにとってじゅうようだ). These two meanings are distinct and unrelated, hence both are included as separate meanings.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4369

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reunion

Reading

Kanji

会Meet 再Again, Twice

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '再会 (さいかい)' means 'reunion'. It refers to the act of meeting someone again after a period of separation. This word is often used in emotional or significant contexts, such as reuniting with old friends, family members, or loved ones. For example: I had a reunion with my old friend「私は昔の友達と再会した」(わたしはむかしのともだちとさいかいした). We will have a reunion next year「私たちは来年再会するでしょう」(わたしたちはらいねんさいかいするでしょう). The word carries a sense of nostalgia and importance, emphasizing the value of reconnecting with someone after time apart.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4372

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Knit

Reading

Kanji

編Edit, Knit

Explanation

The Japanese verb '編む (あむ)' primarily means 'to knit'. It refers to the action of creating fabric by interlocking loops of yarn with knitting needles. This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe the act of compiling or putting together various elements, such as stories or plans. Example sentences: She is knitting a scarf「彼女はマフラーを編んでいる」(かのじょはマフラーをあんでいる). He knitted his eyebrows in thought「彼は考えながら眉を編んだ」(かれはかんがえながらまゆをあんだ).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4373

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cloth

Reading

Kanji

布Cloth, Linen

Explanation

The Japanese noun '布 (ぬの)' refers to 'cloth' or 'fabric'. It is used to describe woven material, typically made from fibers like cotton, wool, or synthetic materials. This word is commonly used in contexts involving clothing, textiles, or household items. For example: I bought new cloth「新しい布を買いました」(あたらしいぬのをかいました). This cloth is soft「この布は柔らかいです」(このぬのはやわらかいです). The word can also appear in compound nouns, such as '布団 (ふとん)' (futon, a type of bedding) or '布巾 (ふきん)' (dishcloth).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4382

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Clothing

Reading

Kanji

衣Clothes 類Kind, Type

Explanation

The Japanese noun '衣類 (いるい)' refers to 'clothing' or 'garments'. It is a general term used to describe items of clothing collectively, such as shirts, pants, dresses, and other wearable items. This word is often used in contexts related to laundry, storage, or fashion. For example: I washed my clothing「衣類を洗った」(いるいをあらった). She has a lot of clothing「彼女は衣類をたくさん持っている」(かのじょはいるいをたくさんもっている). The word can also be used in formal or business contexts, such as in the clothing industry or when discussing clothing care.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4385

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Clothing

Reading

Kanji

服Obey, Clothing 衣Clothes

Explanation

The Japanese noun '衣服 (いふく)' refers to 'clothing' or 'garments'. It is a general term used to describe items worn on the body, such as shirts, pants, dresses, etc. This word is often used in formal or written contexts, but can also be used in everyday conversation. For example: I bought new clothing「新しい衣服を買いました」(あたらしいいふくをかいました). This store sells high-quality clothing「この店は高品質の衣服を売っています」(このみせはこうひんしつのいふくをうっています). The word '衣服' can also be used in more specific contexts, such as traditional Japanese clothing like kimono or yukata.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4386

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Necessities

Reading

Kanji

住Live 衣Clothes 食Eat, Food

Explanation

The Japanese noun '衣食住 (いしょくじゅう)' refers to the basic necessities of life: clothing (衣), food (食), and shelter (住). It is often used to discuss the fundamental aspects of living or to emphasize the importance of these basic needs. For example: The government must ensure the necessities of life for its citizens「政府は国民の衣食住を確保しなければならない」(せいふはこくみんのいしょくじゅうをかくほしなければならない). In modern society, the concept of '衣食住' has expanded to include other essentials like healthcare and education. This term is deeply rooted in Japanese culture and reflects the importance of simplicity and practicality in daily life.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4387

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Coffee

Reading

Kanji

喫Ingest, Consume 茶Tea

Explanation

The Japanese noun '喫茶 (きっさ)' refers to 'coffee' or the act of drinking tea, but it is most commonly associated with coffee shops or cafes in Japan. The term is often used in the context of '喫茶店 (きっさてん)', which means 'coffee shop' or 'cafe'. These establishments are popular spots for enjoying coffee, light meals, and desserts. Example sentences: Let's go to a coffee shop「喫茶店に行きましょう」(きっさてんにいきましょう). This coffee is delicious「この喫茶は美味しい」(このきっさはおいしい). Note that while '喫茶' can refer to tea, in modern usage it is more commonly associated with coffee.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4390

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Line, Row

Reading

Kanji

並Line, Row

Explanation

The Japanese noun '並び (ならび)' refers to a 'line' or 'row' of things or people arranged in an orderly manner. It can be used to describe physical arrangements, such as a line of trees or a row of seats, as well as abstract sequences, like a series of events. For example: a line of trees「木の並び」(きのならび). A row of houses「家の並び」(いえのならび). The word can also imply a sense of order or sequence, as in 'the order of events'「事件の並び」(じけんのならび).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4391

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Celebration

Reading

Kanji

祝Celebrate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '祝い (いわい)' means 'celebration'. It refers to an event or occasion where people gather to commemorate or honor something, such as a birthday, wedding, or achievement. This word is often used in formal or festive contexts. For example: We held a celebration for his promotion「彼の昇進の祝いをしました」(かれのしょうしんのいわいをしました). The wedding celebration was beautiful「結婚の祝いは美しかった」(けっこんのいわいはうつくしかった). The word can also be used in compound nouns, such as '誕生日祝い (たんじょうびいわい)' (birthday celebration).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4405

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Theater

Reading

Kanji

劇Drama 演Perform

Explanation

The Japanese noun '演劇 (えんげき)' refers to 'theater' or 'drama' as a performing art. It encompasses plays, stage performances, and theatrical productions. This term is used to describe both the art form itself and the performances. For example: I enjoy watching theater「私は演劇を見るのが好きです」(わたしはえんげきをみるのがすきです). She is studying theater at university「彼女は大学で演劇を勉強しています」(かのじょはだいがくでえんげきをべんきょうしています). The word can also refer to the broader concept of dramatic arts, including acting, directing, and stagecraft.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4407

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Comedy

Reading

Kanji

劇Drama 喜Rejoice

Explanation

The Japanese noun '喜劇 (きげき)' means 'comedy'. It refers to a genre of entertainment, such as plays, movies, or performances, that is intended to make people laugh. It is often used in contrast to '悲劇 (ひげき)' (tragedy). For example: I enjoy watching comedies「私は喜劇を見るのが好きです」(わたしはきげきをみるのがすきです). This play is a comedy「この劇は喜劇です」(このげきはきげきです). The term can also be used metaphorically to describe situations that are amusing or absurd.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4408

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Small size

Reading

Kanji

小Small 型Model, Type

Explanation

The Japanese noun '小型 (こがた)' refers to something being of a small size or compact form. It is commonly used to describe objects, devices, or machinery that are designed to be smaller than the standard size. For example: This is a small-sized car「これは小型の車です」(これはこがたのくるまです). The company produces small-sized appliances「その会社は小型の家電を製造しています」(そのかいしゃはこがたのかでんをせいぞうしています). The term emphasizes the compactness or portability of the item in question.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4410

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fixation

Reading

Kanji

定Determine 固Hard

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '固定 (こてい)' refers to the act of fixing, securing, or making something immovable. It is often used in contexts where something is being anchored, stabilized, or set in place, such as in physical objects, ideas, or systems. For example: The shelf is fixed to the wall「棚は壁に固定されている」(たなはかべにこていされている). The company has a fixed policy「会社は固定された方針を持っている」(かいしゃはこていされたほうしんをもっている). This term can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is unchanging or rigid, such as a fixed idea or belief.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4413

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Inherent

Reading

Kanji

有Exist 固Hard

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '固有 (こゆう)' means 'inherent' or 'intrinsic'. It refers to something that is innate, natural, or unique to a particular thing or situation. This word is often used to describe characteristics, properties, or qualities that are specific and essential to something. For example: This species has an inherent ability to adapt「この種は固有の適応能力を持っている」(このしゅはこゆうのてきおうのうりょくをもっている). The culture has its own inherent traditions「その文化には固有の伝統がある」(そのぶんかにはこゆうのでんとうがある). It can also be used in contexts like '固有の価値 (こゆうのかち)' (inherent value) or '固有の性質 (こゆうのせいしつ)' (intrinsic nature).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4420

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dirty

Reading

Kanji

汚Dirty, Dishonor

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '汚い (きたない)' means 'dirty'. It is used to describe something that is physically unclean, messy, or contaminated. It can also be used metaphorically to describe something morally impure or unfair. For example: The room is dirty「部屋が汚い」(へやがきたない). His hands are dirty「彼の手は汚い」(かれのてはきたない). In a metaphorical sense, it can describe unfair behavior, such as 'That was a dirty trick'「それは汚い手だった」(それはきたないてだった). Note that this word is often used to describe both literal and figurative uncleanliness.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4424

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tag

Reading

Kanji

札Tag, Bill

Explanation

The Japanese noun '札 (ふだ)' primarily refers to a 'tag' or 'label'. It is commonly used to describe small pieces of paper, wood, or other materials that are attached to objects to provide information, such as price tags, name tags, or labels. For example: The price tag is on the shirt「シャツに札がついている」(シャツにふだがついている). Please write your name on the name tag「名札に名前を書いてください」(なふだになまえをかいてください). Additionally, '札' can also refer to paper money or bills, but this usage is less common in everyday conversation and more specific to contexts involving currency.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4431

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Training

Reading

Kanji

練Practice 訓Instruction

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '訓練 (くんれん)' refers to 'training' or 'drill'. It is commonly used to describe the process of teaching or learning a particular skill or behavior through practice and instruction. This term is often used in contexts such as military training, sports training, or professional skill development. For example: He underwent rigorous training「彼は厳しい訓練を受けた」(かれはきびしいくんれんをうけた). The soldiers are in training「兵士たちは訓練中です」(へいしたちはくんれんちゅうです). It can also be used metaphorically to describe mental or emotional preparation, such as 'training one's mind'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4435

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Kunyomi

Reading

Kanji

訓Instruction 読Read

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '訓読み (くんよみ)' refers to the Japanese reading of a kanji character, as opposed to the Chinese-derived '音読み (おんよみ)'. This reading is typically used when the kanji stands alone or is part of native Japanese words. For example: the kunyomi of 山 is 'やま'「山の訓読みは「やま」です」(やまのくんよみは「やま」です). Another example: I learned the kunyomi of this kanji「この漢字の訓読みを覚えました」(このかんじのくんよみをおぼえました). Understanding kunyomi is essential for reading and comprehending native Japanese vocabulary.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4437

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Adjective

Reading

Kanji

詞Poetry, Words 形Shape 容Contain, Looks

Explanation

The Japanese noun '形容詞 (けいようし)' refers to 'adjective' in English. It is a part of speech that describes or modifies a noun, providing additional information about its qualities or states. In Japanese grammar, 形容詞 specifically refers to i-adjectives, which are a distinct category of adjectives that end in 'い' in their dictionary form. For example: This is a beautiful flower「これは美しい花です」(これはうつくしいはなです). The weather is cold today「今日は寒いです」(きょうはさむいです). Understanding 形容詞 is crucial for constructing descriptive sentences in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4442

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Concentration

Reading

Kanji

度Degrees, Times 濃Thick

Explanation

The Japanese noun '濃度 (のうど)' refers to the 'concentration' of a substance, such as the density or strength of a solution, mixture, or chemical. It is commonly used in scientific, technical, or everyday contexts to describe how much of a particular substance is present in a given volume or area. For example: the concentration of salt in the water is high「水の中の塩の濃度が高い」(みずのなかのしおののうどがたかい). This juice has a low sugar concentration「このジュースは糖分の濃度が低い」(このジュースはとうぶんののうどがひくい). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe the intensity or density of abstract concepts, such as emotions or ideas.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4445

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sink

Reading

Kanji

沈Sink

Explanation

The Japanese verb '沈む (しずむ)' primarily means 'to sink'. It is used to describe something descending or submerging into a liquid, such as water. It can also be used metaphorically to describe a person's emotional state, such as feeling down or depressed. For example: The ship sank「船が沈んだ」(ふねがしずんだ). He sank into despair「彼は絶望に沈んだ」(かれはぜつぼうにしずんだ). The sun is setting「太陽が沈む」(たいようがしずむ). Note that '沈む' can also imply a gradual or inevitable decline, whether physical or emotional.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4446

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lecture

Reading

Kanji

講Lecture 演Perform

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '講演 (こうえん)' refers to a formal talk or lecture given on a specific topic, often by an expert or a guest speaker. It is commonly used in academic, professional, or public settings. For example: I attended a lecture on Japanese history「日本の歴史についての講演に参加しました」(にほんのれきしについてのこうえんにさんかしました). The professor gave a lecture on climate change「教授が気候変動について講演しました」(きょうじゅがきこうへんどうについてこうえんしました). This term is often associated with structured, informative presentations rather than casual talks.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4449

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cancellation

Reading

Kanji

休Rest 講Lecture

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '休講 (きゅうこう)' refers to the cancellation of a lecture or class. It is commonly used in academic settings to indicate that a scheduled lecture or class will not take place, often due to the teacher's absence or other unforeseen circumstances. For example: The lecture was canceled「休講になりました」(きゅうこうになりました). Tomorrow's class is canceled「明日の授業は休講です」(あしたのじゅぎょうはきゅうこうです). This term is specific to educational contexts and should not be confused with general cancellations of events or appointments.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4451

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Engineer

Reading

Kanji

師Master, Expert 技Skill

Explanation

The Japanese noun '技師 (ぎし)' refers to an 'engineer', a professional who applies scientific and mathematical principles to design, develop, and maintain structures, machines, or systems. This term is often used in professional contexts and can refer to various types of engineers, such as civil engineers, mechanical engineers, or electrical engineers. For example: He is a civil engineer「彼は土木技師です」(かれはどぼくぎしです). The company hired a new engineer「会社は新しい技師を雇いました」(かいしゃはあたらしいぎしをやといました). Note that '技師' is a formal term and is typically used in professional or official settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4456

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Drama

Reading

Kanji

劇Drama

Explanation

The Japanese noun '劇 (げき)' refers to 'drama' or 'theater'. It is commonly used to describe theatrical performances, plays, or dramatic works. This term can be applied to both traditional Japanese theater (like Kabuki or Noh) and modern theater. For example: I watched a drama「劇を見た」(げきをみた). This theater is famous for its dramas「この劇場は劇で有名だ」(このげきじょうはげきでゆうめいだ). The word can also be part of compound nouns, such as '演劇 (えんげき)' (theatrical performance) or '悲劇 (ひげき)' (tragedy).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4465

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pierce

Reading

Kanji

刺Stab

Explanation

The Japanese verb '刺さる (ささる)' means 'to pierce' or 'to be stuck into something'. It describes the action of something sharp penetrating or embedding itself into another object or surface. This verb is often used in contexts where an object, such as a needle, thorn, or splinter, becomes embedded in something else. For example: A thorn pierced my finger「とげが指に刺さった」(とげがゆびにささった). The arrow pierced the target「矢が的に刺さった」(やがまとにささった). Note that '刺さる' is an intransitive verb, meaning it focuses on the state of being pierced rather than the action of piercing itself. The transitive counterpart is '刺す (さす)', which means 'to pierce' or 'to stab'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4471

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Publication

Reading

Kanji

行Go 刊Publish, Edition

Explanation

The Japanese noun '刊行 (かんこう)' refers to the act of publishing or releasing a written work, such as a book, magazine, or journal. It is often used in formal contexts to describe the process of making a work available to the public. For example: The publication of the new book is scheduled for next month「新しい本の刊行は来月に予定されています」(あたらしいほんのかんこうはらいげつによていされています). This magazine has been in publication for over 50 years「この雑誌は50年以上刊行されています」(このざっしはごじゅうねんいじょうかんこうされています). The word can also be used in compound terms like '刊行物 (かんこうぶつ)', which means 'publication' or 'printed matter'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4483

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Meeting

Reading

Kanji

総General, Total 会Meet

Explanation

The Japanese noun '総会 (そうかい)' refers to a 'general meeting' or 'assembly', typically held by organizations, companies, or groups to discuss important matters, make decisions, or report on activities. It is often used in formal contexts, such as shareholder meetings or annual gatherings. For example: The annual meeting will be held next week「総会は来週開催されます」(そうかいはらいしゅうかいさいされます). We attended the general assembly「私たちは総会に出席しました」(わたしたちはそうかいにしゅっせきしました). This term emphasizes the collective and formal nature of the gathering.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4490

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hardness

Reading

Kanji

硬Hard, Stiff

Explanation

The Japanese noun '硬さ (かたさ)' refers to the quality or state of being hard, firm, or rigid. It is often used to describe the physical property of materials, such as metals, rocks, or even food. For example: the hardness of this stone is remarkable「この石の硬さはすごい」(このいしのかたさはすごい). The hardness of the bread made it difficult to eat「パンの硬さで食べにくかった」(パンのかたさでたべにくかった). In some contexts, it can also metaphorically describe someone's stubbornness or inflexibility, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4501

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Flexible

Reading

Kanji

軟Soft 柔Soft, Gentle

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '柔軟 (じゅうなん)' means 'flexible'. It is used to describe something that can bend or adapt easily without breaking. This can refer to physical objects, such as materials, or abstract concepts, like thinking or attitudes. For example: She has a flexible mind「彼女は柔軟な考え方を持っている」(かのじょはじゅうなんなかんがえかたをもっている). This rubber is very flexible「このゴムはとても柔軟だ」(このゴムはとてもじゅうなんだ). The word can also imply adaptability or openness to change, as in '柔軟な対応 (じゅうなんなたいおう) (flexible response)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4502

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Clothing

Reading

Kanji

服Obey, Clothing 装Dress, Attire

Explanation

The Japanese noun '服装 (ふくそう)' refers to 'clothing' or 'attire'. It is used to describe the clothes someone is wearing, often in the context of their style, formality, or appropriateness for a situation. For example: Her clothing is stylish「彼女の服装はおしゃれだ」(かのじょのふくそうはおしゃれだ). The dress code requires formal clothing「ドレスコードは正式な服装を必要とします」(ドレスコードはせいしきなふくそうをひつようとします). This word is commonly used in discussions about fashion, events, or workplace attire.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4521

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pressure

Reading

Kanji

力Power 圧Pressure

Explanation

The Japanese noun '圧力 (あつりょく)' means 'pressure'. It refers to the physical force exerted on an object, as well as metaphorical pressure, such as social or psychological stress. For example: The pressure of the water is strong「水の圧力が強い」(みずのあつりょくがつよい). He felt pressure from his boss「彼は上司からの圧力を感じた」(かれはじょうしからのあつりょくをかんじた). This word is commonly used in both scientific contexts and everyday situations to describe various forms of pressure.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4526

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rampage

Reading

Kanji

暴Violent, Outburst

Explanation

The Japanese verb '暴れる (あばれる)' means 'to rampage' or 'to act violently'. It is used to describe someone or something behaving in a wild, uncontrollable, or destructive manner. This verb can be applied to people, animals, or even natural phenomena. For example: The horse rampaged through the field「馬が野原で暴れた」(うまがのはらであばれた). The child threw a tantrum and started rampaging「子供がかんしゃくを起こして暴れ始めた」(こどもがかんしゃくをおこしてあばれはじめた). The storm rampaged across the countryside「嵐が田舎を暴れ回った」(あらしがいなかをあばれまわった). Note that this verb often carries a negative connotation, implying a lack of control or restraint.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4531

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Firefighting

Reading

Kanji

消Extinguish 防Prevent, Defend

Explanation

The Japanese noun '消防 (しょうぼう)' refers to 'firefighting'. It encompasses the activities, services, and organizations dedicated to preventing and extinguishing fires. This term is often used in contexts related to emergency services, public safety, and disaster prevention. For example: The firefighting team arrived quickly「消防隊がすぐに到着した」(しょうぼうたいがすぐにとうちゃくした). Firefighting equipment is essential「消防設備は必要です」(しょうぼうせつびはひつようです). The term can also be part of compound words, such as '消防士 (しょうぼうし)' (firefighter) or '消防署 (しょうぼうしょ)' (fire station).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4534

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tighten, Pack

Reading

Kanji

詰Stuff, Packed

Explanation

The Japanese verb '詰める (つめる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to pack' or 'to fill something tightly', such as packing items into a box or filling a container to the brim. For example: I packed my suitcase「スーツケースに荷物を詰めた」(スーツケースににもつをつめた). The second meaning is 'to tighten' or 'to fasten', often used in contexts like tightening a screw or fastening clothing. For example: Tighten the screw「ネジを詰めてください」(ネジをつめてください). This verb is versatile and can be used in both literal and figurative contexts, such as packing ideas into a presentation or tightening one's schedule.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4555

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Festival

Reading

Kanji

祭Ritual

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '祭 (さい)' means 'festival'. It is commonly used to denote events, celebrations, or gatherings that are festive in nature. This suffix can be attached to various nouns to describe specific types of festivals or events. For example: summer festival「夏祭り」(なつまつり). cultural festival「文化祭」(ぶんかさい). It is important to note that '祭' can also be used metaphorically to describe a lively or chaotic situation, such as a 'shopping festival'「買い物祭り」(かいものまつり), which refers to a large sale event. The suffix is versatile and widely used in both traditional and modern contexts.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4565

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Manager

Reading

Kanji

長Long, Leader 課Section, Lesson

Explanation

The Japanese noun '課長 (かちょう)' refers to a 'section manager' or 'department manager' in a company or organization. This is a mid-level managerial position, typically overseeing a specific section or department. The term is commonly used in business settings and reflects the hierarchical structure of Japanese workplaces. For example: The manager is busy「課長は忙しい」(かちょうはいそがしい). I reported to the manager「課長に報告した」(かちょうにほうこくした). The term '課長' is often preceded by the name of the department, such as '営業課長 (えいぎょうかちょう)' (sales manager).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4576

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Respect

Reading

Kanji

尊Respect, Revered 重Heavy

Explanation

The Japanese noun '尊重 (そんちょう)' means 'respect'. It refers to the act of valuing or holding someone or something in high regard. This term is often used in contexts where one acknowledges the importance, rights, or dignity of others. For example: We must respect the opinions of others「他人の意見を尊重しなければならない」(たにんのいけんをそんちょうしなければならない). Respect for nature is essential「自然を尊重することが大切だ」(しぜんをそんちょうすることがたいせつだ). The word can also be used in formal or professional settings to emphasize the importance of mutual respect.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4580

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wither

Reading

Kanji

枯Wither

Explanation

The Japanese verb '枯れる (かれる)' means 'to wither' or 'to dry up'. It is commonly used to describe plants, flowers, or trees that have lost their vitality and are drying out or dying. It can also be used metaphorically to describe something losing its energy, spirit, or relevance. For example: The flowers withered「花が枯れた」(はながかれた). His passion for the project withered「彼のプロジェクトへの情熱が枯れた」(かれのプロジェクトへのじょうねつがかれた). Note that this verb is intransitive, meaning it does not take a direct object.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4582

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Winter wind

Reading

Kanji

木Tree, Wood 枯Wither

Explanation

The Japanese noun '木枯らし (こがらし)' refers to a cold, dry wind that blows in late autumn or early winter, signaling the arrival of winter. It is often associated with the withering of leaves and the transition to colder weather. This word carries a poetic nuance and is frequently used in literature and seasonal descriptions. Example sentences: The winter wind blows through the trees「木枯らしが木々を通り抜ける」(こがらしがききをとおりぬける). I felt the chill of the winter wind「木枯らしの冷たさを感じた」(こがらしのつめたさをかんじた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4584

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Verb

Reading

Kanji

詞Poetry, Words 動Move

Explanation

The Japanese noun '動詞 (どうし)' means 'verb'. It refers to a part of speech that describes an action, state, or occurrence. In Japanese grammar, verbs are essential for constructing sentences and are typically placed at the end of a sentence. For example: The verb 'to eat' is '食べる (たべる)'「動詞の例は食べるです」(どうしのれいはたべるです). Learning verbs is crucial for understanding and forming sentences in Japanese, as they often change form to indicate tense, politeness, or other grammatical aspects.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4603

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hat

Reading

Kanji

子Child 帽Hat, Headgear

Explanation

The Japanese noun '帽子 (ぼうし)' means 'hat'. This word refers to any type of head wear, such as caps, beanies, or formal hats. It is commonly used in everyday conversations when discussing clothing or accessories. For example: I bought a new hat「新しい帽子を買いました」(あたらしいぼうしをかいました). She is wearing a red hat「彼女は赤い帽子をかぶっています」(かのじょはあかいぼうしをかぶっています). The word can also be used metaphorically in some contexts, but its primary meaning is literal.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4604

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sea bathing

Reading

Kanji

海Sea 浴Bathe 水Water

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '海水浴 (かいすいよく)' refers to the activity of swimming or bathing in the sea, often for leisure or health purposes. It is commonly associated with summer activities and beach outings. For example: We went seabathing yesterday「昨日、海水浴に行きました」(きのう、かいすいよくにいきました). Seabathing is popular in summer「海水浴は夏に人気です」(かいすいよくはなつににんきです). The term is often used in contexts related to vacation, relaxation, and enjoying the beach environment.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4607

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Spring

Reading

Kanji

泉Spring, Fountain

Explanation

The Japanese noun '泉 (いずみ)' refers to a natural spring or fountain, typically a source of water that flows from the ground. It can also metaphorically represent a source of something valuable or abundant, such as knowledge or inspiration. For example: the spring is clear「泉は澄んでいる」(いずみはすんでいる). This place is like a spring of wisdom「この場所は知恵の泉のようだ」(このばしょはちえのいずみのようだ). The word is often used in both literal and figurative contexts, emphasizing purity, freshness, or abundance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4609

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Carry, Possess

Reading

Kanji

帯Belt, Wear

Explanation

The Japanese verb '帯びる (おびる)' primarily means 'to carry' or 'to possess'. It is often used to describe carrying something physically, such as a weapon, or possessing an abstract quality, such as a characteristic or responsibility. For example: he carries a sword「彼は剣を帯びている」(かれはけんをおびている). This plan possesses great risk「この計画は大きなリスクを帯びている」(このけいかくはおおきなリスクをおびている). The verb can also imply a sense of bearing or having something inherently, such as a duty or a certain atmosphere. For instance: the room carries a mysterious atmosphere「その部屋は神秘的な雰囲気を帯びている」(そのへやはしんぴてきなふんいきをおびている).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4613

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Scream

Reading

Kanji

叫Shout

Explanation

The Japanese noun '叫び (さけび)' means 'scream' or 'shout'. It refers to a loud, sharp cry, often expressing strong emotion such as fear, anger, or excitement. This word is commonly used in both literal and metaphorical contexts. For example: a scream of terror「恐怖の叫び」(きょうふのさけび). The artist's painting was a scream of despair「その画家の絵は絶望の叫びだった」(そのがかのえはぜつぼうのさけびだった). Note that '叫び' can also be used to describe a cry for help or a passionate outcry, as in '助けを求める叫び (たすけをもとめるさけび) (a cry for help)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4616

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Smoking

Reading

Kanji

喫Ingest, Consume 煙Smoke

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '喫煙 (きつえん)' refers to the act of smoking, particularly tobacco. It is commonly used in contexts related to health, regulations, or habits. For example: Smoking is prohibited here「ここでは喫煙は禁止されています」(ここではきつえんはきんしされています). He quit smoking last year「彼は去年喫煙をやめました」(かれはきょねんきつえんをやめました). The word is often seen in signs or public notices, such as '喫煙所 (きつえんじょ)' (smoking area). It is important to note that this term is neutral in tone and does not carry any positive or negative connotations by itself.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4617

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bamboo

Reading

Kanji

竹Bamboo

Explanation

The Japanese noun '竹 (たけ)' refers to 'bamboo', a fast-growing plant that is widely used in Japan for construction, crafts, and as a food source. Bamboo holds cultural significance in Japan and is often associated with strength, flexibility, and resilience. Example sentences: Bamboo grows quickly「竹は早く成長する」(たけははやくせいちょうする). The fence is made of bamboo「その柵は竹でできている」(そのさくはたけでできている). Bamboo shoots are a popular ingredient in Japanese cuisine「竹の子は日本料理で人気の食材です」(たけのこはにほんりょうりでにんきのしょくざいです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4621

Composition

kanji

Radical Form

⺮

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wheat

Reading

Kanji

小Small 麦Wheat

Explanation

The Japanese noun '小麦 (こむぎ)' refers to 'wheat', the grain used to make flour, bread, and other food products. It is a staple ingredient in many cuisines and is commonly used in Japan for making udon noodles, bread, and pastries. Example sentences: Wheat is grown in this region「この地域では小麦が栽培されている」(このちいきではこむぎがさいばいされている). Bread is made from wheat「パンは小麦から作られる」(パンはこむぎからつくられる). The word is often used in agricultural or culinary contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4623

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Illuminate

Reading

Kanji

照Shine, Illuminate

Explanation

The Japanese verb '照らす (てらす)' means 'to illuminate' or 'to shine a light on'. It is used to describe the action of casting light on something, making it visible or bright. This verb can be used both literally, such as shining a light on an object, and metaphorically, such as shedding light on a situation or idea. For example: The moon illuminates the night「月が夜を照らす」(つきがよるをてらす). The new evidence illuminated the truth「新しい証拠が真実を照らした」(あたらしいしょうこがしんじつをてらした). Note that '照らす' is often used in contexts where light reveals or clarifies something.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4627

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Flour

Reading

Kanji

小Small 粉Flour, Powder 麦Wheat

Explanation

The Japanese noun '小麦粉 (こむぎこ)' specifically refers to 'wheat flour'. It is commonly used in cooking and baking contexts. For example: I bought wheat flour to make bread「パンを作るために小麦粉を買いました」(パンをつくるためにこむぎこをかいました). This cake is made with wheat flour「このケーキは小麦粉で作られています」(このケーキはこむぎこでつくられています). It is important to note that '小麦粉' is distinct from other types of flour, such as rice flour (米粉, こめこ) or potato starch (片栗粉, かたくりこ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4628

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Barley

Reading

Kanji

大Big 麦Wheat

Explanation

The Japanese noun '大麦 (おおむぎ)' refers to 'barley', a type of cereal grain. It is commonly used in food products, beverages, and animal feed. Barley is a staple ingredient in Japanese cuisine, particularly in dishes like barley tea (麦茶, むぎちゃ) and barley rice (麦ご飯, むぎごはん). Example sentences: I drink barley tea every day「毎日大麦茶を飲みます」(まいにちおおむぎちゃをのみます). Barley is used to make beer「大麦はビールを作るのに使われます」(おおむぎはびーるをつくるのにつかわれます).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4630

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fur

Reading

Kanji

皮Skin 毛Fur

Explanation

The Japanese noun '毛皮 (けがわ)' refers to 'fur', specifically the skin and hair of an animal, often used for clothing or decoration. This word is commonly used in contexts related to fashion, animal products, or natural materials. For example: She wears a fur coat「彼女は毛皮のコートを着ている」(かのじょはけがわのコートをきている). This shop sells fur products「この店は毛皮製品を売っている」(このみせはけがわせいひんをうっている). The word can also evoke discussions about ethical concerns regarding the use of animal fur.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4634

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Yarn

Reading

Kanji

糸Thread 毛Fur

Explanation

The Japanese noun '毛糸 (けいと)' refers to 'yarn', specifically woolen yarn used for knitting or crocheting. It is commonly used in contexts related to crafting, knitting, or making clothing. For example: I bought some yarn「毛糸を買いました」(けいとをかいました). She is knitting with red yarn「彼女は赤い毛糸で編み物をしています」(かのじょはあかいけいとであみものをしています). The word is often associated with handmade items and cozy, warm clothing.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4635

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Otolaryngology

Reading

Kanji

科Section, Department 耳Ear 鼻Nose

Explanation

The Japanese noun '耳鼻科 (じびか)' refers to the medical field of otolaryngology, which deals with conditions related to the ear, nose, and throat. This term is commonly used in medical contexts and is often seen on signs or in hospital departments. For example: I went to the otolaryngology department「耳鼻科に行きました」(じびかにいきました). The otolaryngology clinic is on the third floor「耳鼻科の診察室は3階です」(じびかのしんさつしつはさんかいです). This word is a combination of three kanji: 耳 (ear), 鼻 (nose), and 科 (department or field).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4645

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Polish

Reading

Kanji

磨Polish

Explanation

The Japanese verb '磨く (みがく)' primarily means 'to polish'. It is used when referring to the act of making something smooth and shiny by rubbing, such as polishing shoes, silverware, or even one's skills. For example: I polished my shoes「靴を磨いた」(くつをみがいた). He is polishing his skills「彼はスキルを磨いている」(かれはスキルをみがいている). The verb can also metaphorically refer to refining or improving abilities, talents, or qualities. Note that the verb is transitive and typically requires a direct object.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4650

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Glass door

Reading

Kanji

戸Door

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ガラス戸 (がらすど)' refers to a 'glass door'. This term is used to describe a door that is made primarily of glass, often seen in modern architecture or as part of sliding doors in Japanese homes. It combines 'ガラス (がらす)', meaning 'glass', with '戸 (ど)', meaning 'door'. For example: The glass door is transparent「ガラス戸は透明です」(がらすどはとうめいです). Please close the glass door「ガラス戸を閉めてください」(がらすどをしめてください). This term is commonly used in both residential and commercial contexts to specify the type of door.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4656

Composition

kanji-katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Library, Paperback

Reading

Kanji

文Sentence 庫Warehouse

Explanation

The Japanese noun '文庫 (ぶんこ)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning refers to a 'library', typically a collection of books or a place where books are stored. For example: I borrowed a book from the library「図書館から文庫を借りた」(としょかんからぶんこをかりた). The second meaning refers to a 'paperback', a type of book binding that is smaller and more affordable than hardcover books. For example: I bought a paperback novel「文庫の小説を買った」(ぶんこのしょうせつをかった). The context usually clarifies which meaning is intended, so pay attention to the surrounding words.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4660

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Crowd

Reading

Kanji

集Gather 群Group, Flock

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '群集 (ぐんしゅう)' refers to a 'crowd' or a gathering of many people. It is often used to describe a large group of people gathered in one place, such as at an event, in a public space, or during an incident. The word carries a neutral tone and can be used in both positive and negative contexts. For example: A crowd gathered at the scene of the accident「事故の現場に群集が集まった」(じこのげんばにぐんしゅうがあつまった). The crowd cheered loudly at the concert「コンサートで群集が大声で歓声を上げた」(コンサートでぐんしゅうがおおごえでかんせいをあげた). Note that '群集' is often used in written or formal contexts, while in casual speech, words like '人だかり (ひとだかり)' or '群衆 (ぐんしゅう)' might be more common.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4663

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Be rough

Reading

Kanji

荒Wild, Rough

Explanation

The Japanese verb '荒れる (あれる)' primarily means 'to be rough' or 'to be wild'. It is often used to describe weather conditions, such as storms or rough seas, but can also describe emotional states or chaotic situations. For example: The sea is rough today「今日は海が荒れている」(きょうはうみがあれている). His emotions were wild「彼の感情が荒れていた」(かれのかんじょうがあれていた). Additionally, it can describe something becoming ruined or neglected, such as a garden or a relationship. For example: The garden has become overgrown「庭が荒れている」(にわがあれている).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4688

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rough

Reading

Kanji

荒Wild, Rough

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '荒い (あらい)' primarily means 'rough'. It is used to describe something that is not smooth or gentle, such as rough seas, rough handling, or rough behavior. For example: The sea is rough today「今日の海は荒い」(きょうのうみはあらい). He has a rough way of speaking「彼の話し方は荒い」(かれのはなしかたはあらい). This adjective can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is intense or extreme, such as rough breathing or rough emotions. For example: His breathing was rough after the run「走った後、彼の呼吸は荒かった」(はしったあと、かれのこきゅうはあらかった).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4692

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Damage

Reading

Kanji

荒Wild, Rough

Explanation

The Japanese verb '荒す (あらす)' means 'to damage' or 'to ruin'. It is often used to describe the act of causing destruction or disorder to something, such as a place, object, or situation. This verb carries a nuance of leaving something in a worse state than before. For example: The storm damaged the garden「嵐が庭を荒した」(あらしがにわをあらした). Vandals ruined the park「破壊者が公園を荒した」(はかいしゃがこうえんをあらした). Note that '荒す' is typically used in contexts where the damage is intentional or caused by neglect, rather than accidental.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4693

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Premier

Reading

Kanji

総General, Total 理Reason

Explanation

The Japanese noun '総理 (そうり)' refers to the 'premier' or 'prime minister' of a country, specifically Japan. It is a formal term used to denote the head of the government. The word is often used in political contexts and news reports. For example: The premier will hold a press conference「総理が記者会見を行います」(そうりがきしゃかいけんをおこないます). The premier visited the disaster area「総理が被災地を訪問しました」(そうりがひさいちをほうもんしました). It is important to note that '総理' is often used in conjunction with '大臣 (だいじん)' to form '総理大臣 (そうりだいじん)', which is the full title for the prime minister of Japan.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4708

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cushion

Reading

Kanji

布Cloth, Linen 座Sit, Seat 団Group, Association

Explanation

The Japanese noun '座布団 (ざぶとん)' refers to a traditional Japanese cushion used for sitting on the floor. It is typically square-shaped, filled with cotton or other soft material, and often placed on tatami mats. '座布団' is commonly used in Japanese homes, especially during tea ceremonies or when sitting at a low table. Example sentences: Please sit on the cushion「座布団に座ってください」(ざぶとんにすわってください). This cushion is very comfortable「この座布団はとても快適です」(このざぶとんはとてもかいてきです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4712

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ice

Reading

Kanji

氷Ice

Explanation

The Japanese noun '氷 (こおり)' means 'ice'. This word refers to the solid form of water, typically found in cold environments or created artificially. It is commonly used in everyday contexts, such as describing ice cubes, icy surfaces, or frozen conditions. For example: The lake is covered with ice「湖は氷で覆われている」(みずうみはこおりでおおわれている). Please put some ice in the drink「飲み物に氷を入れてください」(のみものにこおりをいれてください). The word can also appear in compound nouns, such as '氷水 (こおりみず)' meaning 'ice water'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4725

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Slope

Reading

Kanji

坂Slope

Explanation

The Japanese noun '坂 (さか)' means 'slope' or 'hill'. It refers to an inclined surface, such as a road or path that goes up or down. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation and place names. For example: The slope is steep「坂が急です」(さかがきゅうです). Let's walk up the hill「坂を登りましょう」(さかをのぼりましょう). The nuance of this word is neutral and can refer to both gentle and steep slopes. It is often used in contexts related to travel, hiking, or describing terrain.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4726

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

United states military

Reading

Kanji

米Rice 軍Army

Explanation

The Japanese noun '米軍 (べいぐん)' refers specifically to the United States military. The term is a combination of '米 (べい)', which is short for 'アメリカ (America)', and '軍 (ぐん)', meaning 'military' or 'armed forces'. This word is commonly used in news, political discussions, or historical contexts to refer to the US military presence or actions. For example: The US military has a base in Japan「米軍は日本に基地を持っている」(べいぐんはにほんにきちをもっている). The US military conducted joint exercises「米軍は合同演習を行った」(べいぐんはごうどうえんしゅうをおこなった). Note that '米軍' is a formal term and is not typically used in casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4727

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pediatrics

Reading

Kanji

科Section, Department 小Small 児Child

Explanation

The Japanese noun '小児科 (しょうにか)' refers to the medical field of pediatrics, which is the branch of medicine dealing with the health and medical care of infants, children, and adolescents. This term is commonly used in medical contexts, such as hospitals or clinics, to denote the department or specialty focused on children's health. For example: I work in pediatrics「私は小児科で働いています」(わたしはしょうにかではたらいています). My child is being treated in the pediatrics department「私の子供は小児科で治療を受けています」(わたしのこどもはしょうにかでちりょうをうけています).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4733

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Theater

Reading

Kanji

劇Drama 場Place

Explanation

The Japanese noun '劇場 (げきじょう)' refers to a 'theater', specifically a place where performances such as plays, musicals, or movies are held. It is commonly used to describe venues for live performances or cinemas. For example: Let's go to the theater「劇場に行きましょう」(げきじょうにいきましょう). The theater is crowded today「劇場は今日混んでいます」(げきじょうはきょうこんでいます). This word is often used in contexts related to entertainment and cultural events.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4734

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reform, Revise

Reading

Kanji

改Reform

Explanation

The Japanese verb '改める (あらためる)' primarily means 'to revise' or 'to reform'. It is used when making changes to something in order to improve or correct it. This verb can be applied to a wide range of contexts, such as revising plans, reforming systems, or correcting behavior. For example: I revised my plans「計画を改めた」(けいかくをあらためた). The government reformed the law「政府は法律を改めた」(せいふはほうりつをあらためた). It's important to note that '改める' often implies a deliberate and thoughtful change, rather than a casual or minor adjustment.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4739

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Soft

Reading

Kanji

柔Soft, Gentle

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '柔らかい (やわらかい)' means 'soft'. It is used to describe something that is physically soft to the touch, such as fabric, food, or materials. It can also describe something that is flexible, gentle, or not rigid in nature. For example: This bread is soft「このパンは柔らかい」(このパンはやわらかい). Her voice is soft「彼女の声は柔らかい」(かのじょのこえはやわらかい). Additionally, it can be used metaphorically to describe a gentle or lenient attitude, as in '柔らかい対応 (やわらかいたいおう) (soft handling/approach)'. Note that this word is often used to contrast with '硬い (かたい) (hard)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4743

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sit

Reading

Kanji

腰Loins, Waist 掛Set, Hang

Explanation

The Japanese verb '腰掛ける (こしかける)' means 'to sit'. This verb is specifically used to describe the action of sitting down on something, such as a chair or bench. It implies a temporary or casual sitting position, often used when someone is taking a short rest or waiting. For example: I sat on the bench「ベンチに腰掛けた」(ベンチにこしかけた). He sat down to rest「彼は休むために腰掛けた」(かれはやすむためにこしかけた). The verb is commonly used in everyday conversation and is more casual than the formal '座る (すわる) (to sit)'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4754

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stool

Reading

Kanji

腰Loins, Waist 掛Set, Hang

Explanation

The Japanese noun '腰掛け (こしかけ)' refers to a 'stool', which is a simple seat without a back or arms. It is often used in casual or temporary seating situations. For example: Please sit on the stool「腰掛けに座ってください」(こしかけにすわってください). There is a stool in the corner「隅に腰掛けがあります」(すみにこしかけがあります). This word can also be used metaphorically to describe a temporary position or role, but its primary meaning is the physical object.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4755

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bow, Worship

Reading

Kanji

拝Worship

Explanation

The Japanese verb '拝む (おがむ)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to worship', often used in religious or spiritual contexts, such as praying to a deity or showing reverence. The second meaning is 'to bow deeply', which can signify respect, humility, or supplication. For example: She worships at the shrine every morning「彼女は毎朝神社で拝む」(かのじょはまいあさじんじゃでおがむ). He bowed deeply to show his gratitude「彼は感謝の気持ちを表すために拝んだ」(かれはかんしゃのきもちをあらわすためにおがんだ). The verb is often associated with formal or ceremonial actions.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4762

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Boundary

Reading

Kanji

界World 境Boundary, Border

Explanation

The Japanese noun '境界 (きょうかい)' refers to a boundary or border, often used to describe a physical or conceptual line separating two areas, ideas, or states. It can be used in various contexts, such as geographical boundaries, personal limits, or abstract distinctions. For example: the boundary between the two countries「二つの国の境界」(ふたつのくにのきょうかい). The boundary between dreams and reality「夢と現実の境界」(ゆめとげんじつのきょうかい). This word is commonly used in both literal and metaphorical contexts, emphasizing the idea of separation or division.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4766

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Involve

Reading

Kanji

巻Scroll 込Put in, Crowded

Explanation

The Japanese verb '巻き込む (まきこむ)' means 'to involve' or 'to entangle'. It is often used to describe situations where someone or something is drawn into an event, situation, or conflict, sometimes unwillingly. This verb can be used in both literal and figurative contexts. For example: he got involved in the accident「彼は事故に巻き込まれた」(かれはじこにまきこまれた). The scandal involved many people「そのスキャンダルは多くの人を巻き込んだ」(そのスキャンダルはおおくのひとをまきこんだ). Note that this verb often carries a nuance of being caught up in something beyond one's control.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4781

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Grilled

Reading

Kanji

焼Burn, Bake

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '焼き (やき)' means 'grilled' and is commonly used in the names of dishes to indicate that the food has been grilled or broiled. This suffix is often attached to the name of the main ingredient to describe the cooking method. For example: grilled chicken「焼き鳥」(やきとり), grilled fish「焼き魚」(やきざかな). It can also be used in other contexts to describe something that has been baked or roasted, such as in '焼き芋 (やきいも)' which means 'roasted sweet potato'. The suffix is versatile and widely used in Japanese cuisine to specify the cooking technique.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4789

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lines

Reading

Kanji

詞Poetry, Words 台Pedestal, Machine

Explanation

The Japanese noun '台詞 (せりふ)' refers to the lines or dialogue spoken by a character in a play, movie, or any performance. It can also be used more broadly to refer to what someone says in a particular situation, often implying that the words are scripted or rehearsed. For example: The actor forgot his lines「俳優は台詞を忘れた」(はいゆうはせりふをわすれた). She always has the same lines「彼女はいつも同じ台詞を言う」(かのじょはいつもおなじせりふをいう). This term is commonly used in the context of theater and film, but can also be applied to everyday situations where someone is repeating a familiar or expected statement.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4804

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fuel

Reading

Kanji

燃Burn 料Materials, Fee

Explanation

The Japanese noun '燃料 (ねんりょう)' means 'fuel'. It refers to any material that is burned or used to produce energy, such as gasoline, coal, or natural gas. This word is commonly used in contexts related to energy, transportation, and machinery. For example: The car needs fuel「車は燃料が必要です」(くるまはねんりょうがひつようです). We use natural gas as fuel「天然ガスを燃料として使います」(てんねんガスをねんりょうとしてつかいます). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that provides energy or motivation, such as 'the fuel for his passion' (彼の情熱の燃料).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4813

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wise

Reading

Kanji

賢Wise, Clever

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '賢い (かしこい)' means 'wise' or 'clever'. It is used to describe someone who has good judgment, intelligence, or practical wisdom. This word can be applied to people, animals, or even decisions and actions. For example: He is a wise man「彼は賢い人だ」(かれはかしこいひとだ). That was a clever idea「それは賢い考えだった」(それはかしこいかんがえだった). The nuance of '賢い' often implies not just intelligence, but also the ability to use that intelligence effectively in practical situations.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4848

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Government

Reading

Kanji

官Government, Bureaucrat 庁Government office, Agency

Explanation

The Japanese noun '官庁 (かんちょう)' refers to a government office or agency. It is used to describe the administrative bodies or institutions that are part of the government. This term is often used in formal contexts when discussing governmental operations or structures. For example: The government office is located in Tokyo「官庁は東京にあります」(かんちょうはとうきょうにあります). He works at a government agency「彼は官庁で働いています」(かれはかんちょうではたらいています). The term can also be used more broadly to refer to the collective administrative bodies of the government.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4872

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Prefecture office

Reading

Kanji

庁Government office, Agency 県Prefecture

Explanation

The Japanese noun '県庁 (けんちょう)' refers to the 'prefecture office' or 'prefectural government office'. This is the administrative center of a prefecture in Japan, where local government affairs are managed. It is typically the main building where the governor and other government officials work. Example sentences include: The prefecture office is near the station 「県庁は駅の近くです」 (けんちょうはえきのちかくです). I went to the prefecture office today 「今日は県庁に行きました」 (きょうはけんちょうにいきました). Note that '県庁' is specifically used for the prefectural level, distinct from city or ward offices.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4873

Composition

kanji

Handwriting