Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Kanji JLPT Level

word

Meaning

Materials, Historical

Reading

Kanji

史History 料Materials, Fee

Explanation

The Japanese noun '史料 (しりょう)' refers to historical materials or documents that are used as sources for studying history. These materials can include written records, artifacts, or any other items that provide evidence or information about past events. For example: These historical materials are valuable「この史料は貴重だ」(このしりょうはきちょうだ). Historians study historical materials「歴史家は史料を研究する」(れきしかはしりょうをけんきゅうする). The term is often used in academic or research contexts to refer to primary sources that are essential for understanding historical events.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5617

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Course

Reading

Kanji

講Lecture 座Sit, Seat

Explanation

The Japanese noun '講座 (こうざ)' primarily means 'course', referring to a series of lessons or lectures on a particular subject. It is commonly used in educational contexts, such as university courses or specialized training programs. For example: I am taking a Japanese history course「私は日本史の講座を取っています」(わたしはにほんしのこうざをとっています). This course is very popular「この講座はとても人気です」(このこうざはとてもにんきです). Additionally, '講座' can sometimes refer to a lecture or seminar, but the primary meaning remains 'course'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5627

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Migration

Reading

Kanji

移Move, Transfer 住Live

Explanation

The Japanese noun '移住 (いじゅう)' refers to the act of moving from one place to another to live there permanently or for an extended period. It is often used in the context of people relocating to a different country, region, or city. For example: Many people are considering migration to rural areas「多くの人が田舎への移住を考えている」(おおくのひとがいなかへのいじゅうをかんがえている). His family planned migration to Canada「彼の家族はカナダへの移住を計画した」(かれのかぞくはカナダへのいじゅうをけいかくした). The term can also be used in broader contexts, such as animal migration, though it is more commonly associated with human relocation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5635

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Layer, Hierarchy

Reading

Kanji

階Storey 層Layer

Explanation

The Japanese noun '階層 (かいそう)' can mean 'hierarchy' or 'layer', depending on the context. When referring to 'hierarchy', it is often used in social, organizational, or class structures. For example: the company has a strict hierarchy「その会社は厳しい階層がある」(そのかいしゃはきびしいかいそうがある). When referring to 'layer', it is used in contexts like geological layers, software layers, or other stratified systems. For example: the earth has many layers「地球は多くの階層がある」(ちきゅうはおおくのかいそうがある). The word is neutral and can be applied to both abstract and concrete structures.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5637

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Procedure

Reading

Kanji

手Hand 順Order, Obey

Explanation

The Japanese noun '手順 (てじゅん)' refers to a 'procedure' or 'sequence of steps' that one follows to accomplish a task. It is commonly used in contexts where a specific order or method is required, such as in cooking, technical processes, or administrative tasks. For example: follow the procedure「手順に従ってください」(てじゅんにしたがってください). The procedure for setting up the device is simple「その装置をセットアップする手順は簡単です」(そのそうちをセットアップするてじゅんはかんたんです). This word emphasizes the importance of following a structured approach to achieve a desired outcome.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5652

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Prayer

Reading

Kanji

祈Pray

Explanation

The Japanese noun '祈り (いのり)' means 'prayer'. It refers to the act of praying or a prayer itself, often in a religious or spiritual context. This word can be used to describe both the action of praying and the content of the prayer. For example: She offered a prayer for peace「彼女は平和を祈りました」(かのじょはへいわをいのりました). His prayer was answered「彼の祈りが叶いました」(かれのいのりがかないました). The word can also be used metaphorically to express a strong wish or hope, as in '祈りのような願い (いのりのようなねがい) (a wish like a prayer)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5657

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Transplant

Reading

Kanji

移Move, Transfer 植Plant

Explanation

The Japanese noun '移植 (いしょく)' means 'transplant'. It is commonly used in medical contexts to refer to the process of moving an organ, tissue, or cells from one body to another, or from one part of the body to another. It can also be used in non-medical contexts, such as transplanting plants. For example: He received a heart transplant「彼は心臓の移植を受けた」(かれはしんぞうのいしょくをうけた). The farmer transplanted the seedlings「農夫は苗を移植した」(のうふはなえをいしょくした). The word is neutral in tone and can be used in both formal and informal settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5663

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Weaken

Reading

Kanji

弱Weak

Explanation

The Japanese verb '弱まる (よわまる)' means 'to weaken'. It describes the process of becoming less strong, intense, or effective. This verb is often used to describe physical strength, emotions, or forces. For example: the storm weakened「嵐が弱まった」(あらしがよわまった). Her voice weakened as she spoke「彼女の声は話すにつれて弱まった」(かのじょのこえははなすにつれてよわまった). It can also be used metaphorically, such as when describing the weakening of a relationship or influence.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5670

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Weaken

Reading

Kanji

弱Weak

Explanation

The Japanese verb '弱める (よわめる)' means 'to weaken'. It is used to describe the action of making something less strong, intense, or effective. This verb can be applied to physical strength, emotional states, or even abstract concepts like arguments or flavors. For example: The illness weakened him「その病気は彼を弱めた」(そのびょうきはかれをよわめた). She weakened the tea by adding water「彼女は水を加えてお茶を弱めた」(かのじょはみずをくわえておちゃをよわめた). The verb is often used in contexts where the reduction of strength or intensity is deliberate or noticeable.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5671

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Weaken

Reading

Kanji

弱Weak

Explanation

The Japanese verb '弱る (よわる)' means 'to weaken' or 'to become weak'. It is used to describe a decline in physical, mental, or emotional strength. It can also refer to something losing its effectiveness or intensity. For example: His health weakened「彼の健康は弱った」(かれのけんこうはよわった). The battery weakened「バッテリーが弱った」(バッテリーがよわった). This verb is often used in contexts where something or someone is deteriorating or becoming less capable over time.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5672

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Capacity

Reading

Kanji

容Contain, Looks 量Measure, Quantity

Explanation

The Japanese noun '容量 (ようりょう)' refers to 'capacity', specifically the amount that something can hold or contain. It is commonly used in contexts related to storage, such as the capacity of a container, battery, or hard drive. For example: The capacity of this bottle is 500ml「このボトルの容量は500ミリリットルです」(このボトルのようりょうは500ミリリットルです). The battery has a large capacity「そのバッテリーは容量が大きい」(そのバッテリーはようりょうがおおきい). This word is often used in technical or practical discussions about limits or measurements.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5675

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Weakness

Reading

Kanji

弱Weak

Explanation

The Japanese noun '弱み (よわみ)' means 'weakness'. It refers to a point of vulnerability or a flaw in someone or something. This term is often used in contexts discussing personal characteristics, strategies, or structures. For example: Everyone has their own weaknesses「誰にでも弱みがある」(だれにでもよわみがある). He exploited her weakness「彼は彼女の弱みにつけこんだ」(かれはかのじょのよわみにつけこんだ). It's important to note that '弱み' can be used both in a physical sense, such as a weak point in a structure, and in a metaphorical sense, such as a character flaw.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5676

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Timid

Reading

Kanji

弱Weak 気Spirit

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '弱気 (よわき)' primarily means 'timid' or 'lacking confidence'. It is used to describe a person's attitude or behavior when they are hesitant, fearful, or unsure about taking action. This word often carries a nuance of being overly cautious or lacking assertiveness. For example: He is timid about making decisions「彼は決断に弱気だ」(かれはけつだんによわきだ). Don't be timid when negotiating「交渉に弱気になるな」(こうしょうによわきになるな). In some contexts, it can also refer to a pessimistic or bearish attitude in financial markets, but this usage is less common in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5677

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Letter

Reading

Kanji

書Write 簡Simplicity

Explanation

The Japanese noun '書簡 (しょかん)' refers to a 'letter' or 'written correspondence'. It is a formal term often used to describe written communications, particularly in a literary or historical context. This word is more formal and less commonly used in everyday conversation compared to '手紙 (てがみ)', which also means 'letter'. Example sentences: I received a letter from my teacher「先生から書簡を受け取りました」(せんせいからしょかんをうけとりました). He wrote a letter to his friend「彼は友達に書簡を書いた」(かれはともだちにしょかんをかいた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5679

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Weekly

Reading

Kanji

週Week 刊Publish, Edition

Explanation

The Japanese noun '週刊 (しゅうかん)' means 'weekly'. It is commonly used to refer to publications, such as magazines or newspapers, that are issued once a week. For example: I read a weekly magazine「週刊誌を読みます」(しゅうかんしをよみます). This is a weekly newspaper「これは週刊新聞です」(これはしゅうかんしんぶんです). The term can also be used more broadly to describe anything that occurs or is published on a weekly basis.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5696

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Disorder

Reading

Kanji

乱Disorder, Riot

Explanation

The Japanese noun '乱 (らん)' means 'disorder' or 'chaos'. It is often used to describe a state of confusion, turmoil, or lack of order, whether in a physical, social, or abstract sense. For example: The country fell into disorder「国は乱に陥った」(くにはらんにおちいった). The meeting ended in chaos「会議は乱で終わった」(かいぎはらんにおわった). This word can also appear in compound words, such as '戦乱 (せんらん)' (war chaos) or '内乱 (ないらん)' (civil disorder). It carries a strong connotation of disruption and instability.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5700

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Individual, Organism

Reading

Kanji

個Individual 体Body

Explanation

The Japanese noun '個体 (こたい)' refers to an individual entity or organism, often used in contexts such as biology, sociology, or general descriptions of distinct units. It emphasizes the uniqueness or separateness of the entity. For example: Each individual has its own characteristics「個体にはそれぞれ特徴がある」(こたいにはそれぞれとくちょうがある). This organism is a rare species「この個体は珍しい種です」(このこたいはめずらしいしゅです). The word can also be used in abstract contexts, such as describing individual components within a system.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5720

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Nights

Reading

Kanji

泊Overnight, Stay overnight

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '泊 (はく)' is used to indicate the number of nights spent somewhere, particularly in the context of lodging or staying overnight. It is commonly used in phrases related to travel, accommodations, or trips. For example: a two-night stay「二泊」(にはく). We stayed for three nights「三泊しました」(さんぱくしました). This suffix is often paired with numbers to specify the duration of a stay, such as in hotel bookings or travel itineraries. It is important to note that '泊' is a counter and is typically used in formal or written contexts.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5724

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Number

Reading

Kanji

枚Flat, Counter 数Number

Explanation

The Japanese noun '枚数 (まいすう)' refers to the 'number' of flat objects, such as sheets of paper, plates, or other thin items. It is commonly used when counting or referring to quantities of such objects. For example: Please check the number of sheets「枚数を確認してください」(まいすうをかくにんしてください). The number of plates is insufficient「枚数が足りません」(まいすうがたりません). This word is particularly useful in contexts like printing, manufacturing, or serving food, where counting flat items is necessary.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5738

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Burden

Reading

Kanji

負Defeat 担Bear, Carry

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '負担 (ふたん)' means 'burden'. It refers to something that is carried or borne, often implying a sense of difficulty or responsibility. This term is commonly used in contexts involving financial, emotional, or physical burdens. For example: The cost is a burden for the family「その費用は家族にとって負担だ」(そのひようはかぞくにとってふたんだ). She doesn't want to be a burden to anyone「彼女は誰の負担にもなりたくない」(かのじょはだれのふたんにもなりたくない). It's important to note that '負担' can also be used in compound words, such as '負担金 (ふたんきん)' meaning 'contribution fee'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5743

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Gold

Reading

Kanji

黄Yellow 金Gold

Explanation

The Japanese noun '黄金 (おうごん)' means 'gold'. This term refers to the precious metal gold, known for its value and luster. It can also be used metaphorically to describe something as valuable or precious as gold. For example: The treasure was made of gold「その宝物は黄金でできていた」(そのたからものはおうごんでできていた). Her hair shone like gold「彼女の髪は黄金のように輝いていた」(かのじょのかみはおうごんのようにかがやいていた). The term is often used in literature and poetry to evoke a sense of richness and beauty.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5746

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Impose

Reading

Kanji

課Section, Lesson

Explanation

The Japanese verb '課する (かする)' means 'to impose' or 'to levy'. It is often used in contexts where a duty, tax, penalty, or obligation is being placed on someone or something. For example: The government imposed a new tax「政府は新しい税を課した」(せいふはあたらしいぜいをかした). The teacher assigned homework to the students「先生は生徒に宿題を課した」(せんせいはせいとにしゅくだいをかした). This verb is typically used in formal or official contexts and carries a sense of authority or obligation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5751

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Irregular

Reading

Kanji

不Not 規Standard, Regulation 則Rule

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不規則 (ふきそく)' means 'irregular'. It is used to describe something that does not follow a set pattern, rule, or schedule. This term can be applied to various contexts, such as irregular schedules, irregular shapes, or irregular behavior. For example: His work hours are irregular「彼の仕事時間は不規則だ」(かれのしごとじかんはふきそくだ). The heartbeat was irregular「心拍が不規則だった」(しんぱくがふきそくだった). Note that '不規則' is often used in formal or technical contexts to describe deviations from the norm.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5765

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Intervention

Reading

Kanji

介Mediate, Jammed in 入Enter

Explanation

The Japanese noun '介入 (かいにゅう)' means 'intervention'. It refers to the act of becoming involved in a situation, often to influence or change its outcome. This word is commonly used in contexts such as politics, medicine, or conflicts, where an external party steps in to alter the course of events. For example: The government's intervention was necessary「政府の介入が必要だった」(せいふのかいにゅうがひつようだった). The doctor recommended medical intervention「医者は医療介入を勧めた」(いしゃはいりょうかいにゅうをすすめた). Note that '介入' carries a neutral to formal tone and is often used in serious or professional contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5781

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Descendants

Reading

Kanji

子Child 孫Grandchildren

Explanation

The Japanese noun '子孫 (しそん)' refers to 'descendants' or 'offspring'. It is used to describe the future generations of a family, lineage, or species. This term is often used in historical, familial, or biological contexts. For example: his descendants inherited the estate「彼の子孫はその地所を相続した」(かれのしそんはそのじしょをそうぞくした). Protecting the environment for future descendants「子孫のために環境を守る」(しそんのためにかんきょうをまもる). The word emphasizes the continuation of a family or species over time.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5783

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Grain, Particle

Reading

Kanji

粒Grain, Grains

Explanation

The Japanese noun '粒 (つぶ)' refers to a small, discrete unit or piece, often used to describe grains, particles, or tiny objects. It can be used in various contexts, such as describing rice grains, sand particles, or even small items like beads. For example: There are many grains of rice「ご飯の粒がたくさんある」(ごはんのつぶがたくさんある). The sand particles are fine「砂の粒が細かい」(すなのつぶがこまかい). This word is commonly used in everyday conversation and can also be found in idiomatic expressions, such as '粒が揃う (つぶがそろう)', which means 'to be of uniform quality'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5784

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wooden

Reading

Kanji

木Tree, Wood 造Make, Build

Explanation

The Japanese noun '木造 (もくぞう)' refers to something being made of wood, typically used to describe buildings or structures. It emphasizes the material (wood) used in construction. For example: a wooden house「木造の家」(もくぞうのいえ). This temple is wooden「この寺は木造です」(このてらはもくぞうです). The term is often used in architectural or historical contexts to highlight traditional Japanese construction methods.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5789

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Thermometer

Reading

Kanji

体Body 温Warm 計Measure, Plan

Explanation

The Japanese noun '体温計 (たいおんけい)' refers to a 'thermometer', specifically one used to measure body temperature. It is commonly used in medical contexts or at home to check for fever. For example: I bought a new thermometer「新しい体温計を買いました」(あたらしいたいおんけいをかいました). Please use the thermometer to check your temperature「体温計で熱を測ってください」(たいおんけいでねつをはかってください). The word is a compound of '体温 (たいおん)' meaning 'body temperature' and '計 (けい)' meaning 'meter' or 'gauge'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5802

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Yellow

Reading

Kanji

黄Yellow 色Color

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '黄色い (きいろい)' means 'yellow'. It is used to describe something that has the color yellow. This adjective can be applied to objects, natural phenomena, or even abstract concepts that are associated with the color yellow. For example: The flower is yellow「その花は黄色い」(そのはなはきいろい). She is wearing a yellow dress「彼女は黄色いドレスを着ている」(かのじょはきいろいドレスをきている). Note that '黄色い' is specifically used for describing the color yellow and is distinct from the noun form '黄色 (きいろ)', which simply means 'yellow' as a color.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5806

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dance

Reading

Kanji

踊Dance

Explanation

The Japanese noun '踊り (おどり)' means 'dance'. It refers to the act of dancing or a specific dance performance. This word is commonly used in contexts related to traditional Japanese dances, such as '盆踊り (ぼんおどり)', which is a Bon festival dance. It can also refer to dances in general, including modern or Western styles. Example sentences: Let's go see the dance「踊りを見に行こう」(おどりをみにいこう). She is good at traditional Japanese dance「彼女は日本の伝統的な踊りが上手です」(かのじょはにほんのでんとうてきなおどりがじょうずです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5825

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reform

Reading

Kanji

変Change, Abnormal 革Reform, Leather

Explanation

The Japanese noun '変革 (へんかく)' means 'reform' or 'transformation'. It refers to a significant change or alteration, often in a system, organization, or society, aimed at improving or modernizing it. This word is commonly used in contexts related to social, political, or organizational changes. For example: The company is undergoing a major reform「その会社は大きな変革を経験している」(そのかいしゃはおおきなへんかくをけいけんしている). We need reform in the education system「教育システムに変革が必要だ」(きょういくシステムにへんかくがひつようだ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5837

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Junior college

Reading

Kanji

短Short 期Time, Period 大Big 学Learn

Explanation

The Japanese noun '短期大学 (たんきだいがく)' refers to a 'junior college', which is a type of higher education institution in Japan. These institutions typically offer two-year programs, focusing on practical and vocational education. Junior colleges are often chosen by students who wish to enter the workforce quickly or who are seeking specialized training in fields such as nursing, early childhood education, or business. Example sentences: She graduated from a junior college「彼女は短期大学を卒業しました」(かのじょはたんきだいがくをそつぎょうしました). I am studying at a junior college「私は短期大学で勉強しています」(わたしはたんきだいがくでべんきょうしています).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5851

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Advance, Ticket

Reading

Kanji

前Before, Front 売Sell 券Ticket

Explanation

The Japanese noun '前売り券 (まえうりけん)' refers to a ticket that is sold in advance, before the actual event or performance. It is commonly used for concerts, movies, theater performances, and other events. The word combines '前売り (まえうり)', meaning 'advance sale', and '券 (けん)', meaning 'ticket'. For example: I bought an advance ticket for the concert「コンサートの前売り券を買いました」(コンサートのまえうりけんをかいました). The advance tickets are cheaper「前売り券の方が安いです」(まえうりけんのほうがやすいです). This term is often used in contexts where tickets are sold before the event date, offering benefits like lower prices or guaranteed entry.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5863

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Switch

Reading

Kanji

切Cut 替Replace, Exchange

Explanation

The Japanese verb '切り替える (きりかえる)' means 'to switch' or 'to change over'. It is commonly used when referring to changing from one state, mode, or focus to another. This can apply to physical switches, mental states, or even tasks. For example: I switched the TV channel「テレビのチャンネルを切り替えた」(てれびのちゃんねるをきりかえた). She quickly switched her focus to the next task「彼女はすぐに次のタスクに切り替えた」(かのじょはすぐにつぎのタスクにきりかえた). The verb often implies a deliberate or necessary change, such as adapting to a new situation or shifting priorities.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5894

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dry

Reading

Kanji

干Dry

Explanation

The Japanese verb '干す (ほす)' means 'to dry'. It is commonly used to describe the action of drying something, such as clothes, food, or other items. For example: I will dry the laundry「洗濯物を干します」(せんたくものをほします). She dried the fish in the sun「彼女は魚を干した」(かのじょはさかなをほした). This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe leaving someone out or neglecting them, as in '彼は会議で干された (かれはかいぎでほされた) (He was left out of the meeting).' The verb is versatile and can be used in various contexts related to drying or exposure to air.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5896

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fluctuation

Reading

Kanji

増Increase 減Decrease

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '増減 (ぞうげん)' refers to the concept of fluctuation, specifically the increase and decrease of something. It is commonly used in contexts where changes in quantity, numbers, or levels are discussed, such as in economics, statistics, or everyday situations. For example: The number of visitors shows a significant fluctuation「訪問者の数は大きな増減を示しています」(ほうもんしゃのかずはおおきなぞうげんをしめしています). The price of vegetables fluctuates daily「野菜の価格は日々増減します」(やさいのかかくはひびぞうげんします). This term is neutral and can describe both positive and negative changes.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5903

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Body temperature

Reading

Kanji

体Body 温Warm

Explanation

The Japanese noun '体温 (たいおん)' refers to 'body temperature'. It is commonly used in medical contexts or everyday conversations to describe the temperature of a person's body. For example: My body temperature is high「私の体温は高いです」(わたしのたいおんはたかいです). Please measure your body temperature「体温を測ってください」(たいおんをはかってください). The word is often used in health-related discussions, such as checking for fever or monitoring one's health condition.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5911

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Costume

Reading

Kanji

衣Clothes 装Dress, Attire

Explanation

The Japanese noun '衣装 (いしょう)' refers to 'costume' or 'attire'. It is commonly used to describe clothing worn for specific occasions, performances, or roles, such as traditional outfits, stage costumes, or ceremonial garments. For example: She wore a beautiful costume「彼女は美しい衣装を着ていた」(かのじょはうつくしいいしょうをきていた). The actors changed into their costumes「俳優たちは衣装に着替えた」(はいゆうたちはいしょうにきがえた). This word can also refer to elaborate or decorative clothing in general.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5922

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Blood pressure

Reading

Kanji

血Blood 圧Pressure

Explanation

The Japanese noun '血圧 (けつあつ)' refers to 'blood pressure', which is the pressure of circulating blood upon the walls of blood vessels. This term is commonly used in medical contexts and everyday health discussions. For example: My blood pressure is high「私の血圧は高いです」(わたしのけつあつはたかいです). It's important to monitor your blood pressure「血圧をチェックすることが大切です」(けつあつをチェックすることがたいせつです). The term is often used in conjunction with health advice or medical check-ups, emphasizing the importance of maintaining a healthy blood pressure level.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5925

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Forbid

Reading

Kanji

禁Ban, Prohibition

Explanation

The Japanese verb '禁ずる (きんずる)' means 'to forbid' or 'to prohibit'. It is a formal or literary term often used in legal, official, or authoritative contexts to indicate that something is not allowed. For example: The law forbids smoking here「法律はここで喫煙を禁ずる」(ほうりつはここできつえんをきんずる). The school prohibits students from using phones「学校は生徒が携帯を使うことを禁ずる」(がっこうはせいとがけいたいをつかうことをきんずる). Note that '禁ずる' is less commonly used in everyday conversation, where '禁止する (きんしする)' is more typical.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5931

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Entrust

Reading

Kanji

委Committee

Explanation

The Japanese verb '委ねる (ゆだねる)' means 'to entrust' or 'to leave something to someone else'. It is used when you delegate a task, responsibility, or decision to another person, often implying trust or reliance on their judgment or ability. For example: I entrusted the project to him「そのプロジェクトを彼に委ねた」(そのプロジェクトをかれにゆだねた). She left the decision to her manager「その決定をマネージャーに委ねた」(そのけっていをマネージャーにゆだねた). The verb can also carry a nuance of surrendering or yielding control, as in 'to leave one's fate to the gods'「運命を神に委ねる」(うんめいをかみにゆだねる).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5934

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pick, Adopt

Reading

Kanji

採Gather, Pick

Explanation

The Japanese verb '採る (とる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to pick' or 'to gather', often used in the context of harvesting or collecting something, such as fruits or plants. For example: we picked strawberries「いちごを採った」(いちごをとった). The second meaning is 'to adopt' or 'to take on', used when selecting or accepting something, such as a method, policy, or approach. For example: the company adopted a new strategy「会社は新しい戦略を採った」(かいしゃはあたらしいせんりゃくをとった). The verb is versatile and its meaning depends heavily on the context in which it is used.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5947

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Territory

Reading

Kanji

領Territory

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '領 (りょう)' refers to a territory or domain. It is often used in compound words to denote areas under control or jurisdiction, such as a country's territory or a feudal lord's domain. For example: the territory of Japan「日本の領土」(にほんのりょうど). The lord's domain「領主の領地」(りょうしゅのりょうち). This suffix is commonly seen in historical or political contexts, emphasizing control or ownership over a specific area.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5955

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

General affairs

Reading

Kanji

総General, Total 務Duty, Task

Explanation

The Japanese noun '総務 (そうむ)' refers to 'general affairs' or 'administrative matters.' It typically denotes the department or role within a company or organization that manages overall administrative functions, such as human resources, office operations, and general management tasks. Example: He is responsible for general affairs 「彼は総務を担当しています」 (かれはそうむをたんとうしています). The general affairs department handles various administrative tasks 「総務部はさまざまな管理業務を扱います」 (そうむぶはさまざまなかんりぎょうむをあつかいます). This term is commonly used in business contexts to describe administrative functions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5972

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stretch, Postpone

Reading

Kanji

延Prolong

Explanation

The Japanese verb '延びる (のびる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to stretch', which refers to something physically extending in length or time. For example: the rubber band stretches「ゴムが延びる」(ゴムがのびる). The second meaning is 'to postpone', indicating a delay or extension of time. For example: the meeting was postponed「会議が延びた」(かいぎがのびた). The verb is often used in contexts involving time, deadlines, or physical extension. Note that the kanji 延 can also imply a sense of prolongation or delay, which is reflected in its usage.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5992

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Angle

Reading

Kanji

角Corner, Angle 度Degrees, Times

Explanation

The Japanese noun '角度 (かくど)' refers to the concept of an 'angle' in geometry, representing the space between two intersecting lines or surfaces. It is commonly used in both mathematical contexts and everyday situations to describe the degree of inclination or direction. For example: measure the angle「角度を測る」(かくどをはかる). The angle of the roof is steep「屋根の角度が急だ」(やねのかくどがきゅうだ). Additionally, '角度' can be used metaphorically to describe a perspective or viewpoint, as in 'consider from a different angle'「別の角度から考える」(べつのかくどからかんがえる).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6002

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Folklore

Reading

Kanji

伝Transmit 承Consent

Explanation

The Japanese noun '伝承 (でんしょう)' refers to 'folklore' or 'oral tradition'. It encompasses stories, customs, beliefs, and practices that are passed down through generations, often orally. This term is deeply rooted in cultural heritage and is used to describe the collective memory and traditions of a community. For example: This village is rich in folklore「この村は伝承が豊かだ」(このむらはでんしょうがゆたかだ). The festival is based on ancient folklore「その祭りは古い伝承に基づいている」(そのまつりはふるいでんしょうにもとづいている).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6004

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Establishment

Reading

Kanji

開Open 設Set up, Establish

Explanation

The Japanese noun '開設 (かいせつ)' refers to the act of establishing, opening, or setting up something, such as a facility, service, or organization. It is commonly used in formal or business contexts. For example: The establishment of a new hospital「新しい病院の開設」(あたらしいびょういんのかいせつ). The opening of a branch office「支店の開設」(してんのかいせつ). This word emphasizes the process or event of creating or initiating something new.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6011

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stock, Inventory

Reading

Kanji

在Be, Exist 庫Warehouse

Explanation

The Japanese noun '在庫 (ざいこ)' refers to the goods or materials that a business holds in stock or inventory. It is commonly used in retail, manufacturing, and business contexts to describe the quantity of products available for sale or use. For example: The store has a lot of inventory「その店は在庫が多い」(そのみせはざいこがおおい). We need to check the stock levels「在庫を確認する必要がある」(ざいこをかくにんするひつようがある). The term can also be used metaphorically to describe the availability of non-physical items, such as ideas or resources.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6014

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Elephant

Reading

Kanji

象Elephant, Phenomenon

Explanation

The Japanese noun '象 (ぞう)' means 'elephant'. This word refers to the large mammal known for its long trunk and tusks. It is commonly used in contexts related to animals, zoos, or nature. For example: I saw an elephant at the zoo「動物園で象を見た」(どうぶつえんでぞうをみた). Elephants are big animals「象は大きな動物です」(ぞうはおおきなどうぶつです). The word can also appear in idiomatic expressions or proverbs, such as '象の鼻 (ぞうのはな)' meaning 'elephant's trunk'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6015

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Envelope

Reading

Kanji

封Seal 筒Pipe, Cylinder

Explanation

The Japanese noun '封筒 (ふうとう)' refers to an 'envelope', a flat paper container used to hold letters or documents. It is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts, such as mailing letters or storing important papers. Example sentences: Please put the letter in the envelope「手紙を封筒に入れてください」(てがみをふうとうにいれてください). I bought a pack of envelopes「封筒を一冊買いました」(ふうとうをいっさつかいました). The word is often paired with verbs like '入れる (いれる)' (to put in) or '送る (おくる)' (to send).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6018

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Supplement

Reading

Kanji

補Supplement

Explanation

The Japanese verb '補う (おぎなう)' means 'to supplement' or 'to compensate for something lacking'. It is used when adding something to make up for a deficiency or to fill in a gap. This verb can be applied in various contexts, such as financial, informational, or physical shortages. For example: We need to supplement the budget「予算を補う必要がある」(よさんをおぎなうひつようがある). She compensated for her lack of experience with enthusiasm「彼女は経験不足を熱意で補った」(かのじょはけいけんぶそくをねついでおぎなった). It is also commonly used in contexts where something is added to enhance or complete something else, such as in '知識を補う (ちしきをおぎなう) (to supplement knowledge)'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6033

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Interview

Reading

Kanji

面Face, Surface 接Contact, Touch

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '面接 (めんせつ)' refers to an 'interview', particularly in the context of job interviews or formal meetings where questions are asked to assess suitability. It is commonly used in professional or academic settings. For example: I have a job interview tomorrow「明日、面接があります」(あした、めんせつがあります). She passed the interview「彼女は面接に合格しました」(かのじょはめんせつにごうかくしました). The term emphasizes the formal and evaluative nature of the interaction, distinguishing it from casual conversations or informal meetings.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6053

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Railway

Reading

Kanji

線Line 路Path

Explanation

The Japanese noun '線路 (せんろ)' refers to 'railway' or 'railroad tracks'. It specifically denotes the physical tracks on which trains run. This word is commonly used in contexts related to transportation, infrastructure, or train systems. For example: The railway is under construction「線路が工事中です」(せんろがこうじちゅうです). Be careful not to cross the railway tracks「線路を渡らないでください」(せんろをわたらないでください). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe a path or course, but this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6054

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wire

Reading

Kanji

電Electricity 線Line

Explanation

The Japanese noun '電線 (でんせん)' refers to an electrical wire or cable. It is commonly used to describe the wires that transmit electricity, such as those found in power lines or electrical appliances. For example: The wire is broken「電線が切れている」(でんせんがきれている). Be careful not to touch the wire「電線に触らないでください」(でんせんにさわらないでください). This word is specific to electrical wiring and is not used for other types of strings or ropes.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6055

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

White line

Reading

Kanji

白White 線Line

Explanation

The Japanese noun '白線 (はくせん)' refers to a 'white line'. This term is commonly used to describe painted white lines on roads, sports fields, or other surfaces. For example: The white line on the road is clear「道路の白線ははっきりしている」(どうろのはくせんははっきりしている). The players must stay behind the white line「選手たちは白線の後ろにいなければならない」(せんしゅたちははくせんのうしろにいなければならない). In some contexts, it can also refer to anatomical structures, such as the 'linea alba' in medical terminology, but this usage is less common in everyday language.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6065

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Direction

Reading

Kanji

方Direction 角Corner, Angle

Explanation

The Japanese noun '方角 (ほうがく)' refers to a cardinal or compass direction, such as north, south, east, or west. It is used to indicate the orientation or bearing of something. For example: Which direction is the station?「駅はどの方角ですか？」(えきはどのほうがくですか？). The wind is blowing from the north「風は北の方角から吹いています」(かぜはきたのほうがくからふいています). This word is often used in navigation, weather reports, or when giving directions. It can also be used metaphorically to describe the 'direction' of a situation or trend.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6066

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Right angle

Reading

Kanji

直Straight, Repair 角Corner, Angle

Explanation

The Japanese noun '直角 (ちょっかく)' means 'right angle'. It refers to an angle of exactly 90 degrees, commonly found in geometric shapes like squares and rectangles. This term is often used in mathematics, architecture, and everyday contexts when describing angles. For example: The corner of the table forms a right angle「テーブルの角は直角です」(てーぶるのかどはちょっかくです). The triangle has one right angle「その三角形は直角が一つあります」(そのさんかくけいはちょっかくがひとつあります).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6067

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Street corner

Reading

Kanji

町Town 角Corner, Angle

Explanation

The Japanese noun '町角 (まちかど)' refers to a 'street corner' or 'corner of a street'. It is commonly used to describe the intersection or turning point of streets in a town or city. This word often evokes a sense of locality and community, as street corners are typically bustling with activity or serve as landmarks. For example: Let's meet at the street corner「町角で会いましょう」(まちかどであいましょう). There's a small shop at the street corner「町角に小さな店があります」(まちかどにちいさなみせがあります). The word can also carry a nostalgic or picturesque connotation, often used in literature or storytelling to set a scene.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6068

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Square

Reading

Kanji

真Truth 四Four 角Corner, Angle

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '真四角 (ましかく)' means 'square'. It is used to describe something that has a perfectly square shape, with all sides equal and all angles at 90 degrees. This term is often used to describe objects, shapes, or even abstract concepts that resemble a square. For example: The table is square「そのテーブルは真四角だ」(そのテーブルはましかくだ). The room is square「この部屋は真四角です」(このへやはましかくです). The term emphasizes precision and exactness in shape, making it distinct from more general terms like '四角 (しかく)', which can refer to any rectangular shape.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6069

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shellfish

Reading

Kanji

貝Shellfish

Explanation

The Japanese noun '貝 (かい)' refers to 'shellfish', a broad category of aquatic creatures with shells, such as clams, oysters, and scallops. This word is commonly used in contexts related to seafood, marine biology, or even in idiomatic expressions. For example: I found a beautiful shellfish on the beach「浜辺で美しい貝を見つけた」(はまべでうつくしいかいをみつけた). Shellfish are delicious「貝は美味しい」(かいはおいしい). In some cases, '貝' can also refer to the shells themselves, especially when discussing their use in crafts or decorations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6089

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pitiful

Reading

Kanji

気Spirit 毒Poison

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '気の毒 (きのどく)' means 'pitiful' or 'feeling sorry for someone'. It is used to express sympathy or compassion for someone's unfortunate situation. This word often conveys a sense of regret or sadness about another person's hardship. For example: I feel sorry for him「彼が気の毒だ」(かれがきのどくだ). It's a pity that she lost her job「彼女が仕事を失ったのは気の毒だ」(かのじょがしごとをうしなったのはきのどくだ). Note that '気の毒' is often used in situations where the speaker empathizes with someone else's misfortune.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6133

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Combination

Reading

Kanji

複Duplicate 合Fit, Match

Explanation

The Japanese noun '複合 (ふくごう)' refers to the act or state of combining multiple elements or factors into one. It is often used in contexts where different components are merged or integrated to form a complex whole. For example: the combination of technology and art「技術と芸術の複合」(ぎじゅつとげいじゅつのふくごう). This word is commonly used in fields like science, business, and art to describe hybrid or multifaceted concepts. Another example: the compound interest effect「複利の複合効果」(ふくりのふくごうこうか).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6141

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wallet

Reading

Kanji

財Wealth 布Cloth, Linen

Explanation

The Japanese noun '財布 (さいふ)' means 'wallet'. It refers to a small, flat case used to carry personal items such as cash, credit cards, and identification documents. This word is commonly used in everyday conversations when discussing money or personal belongings. For example: I lost my wallet「財布をなくしました」(さいふをなくしました). This wallet is expensive「この財布は高いです」(このさいふはたかいです). The term can also be used metaphorically to refer to one's financial resources, as in '財布が寂しい (さいふがさびしい)' which means 'my wallet is feeling lonely' (i.e., I'm low on money).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6165

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Routine

Reading

Kanji

日Day, Sun 課Section, Lesson

Explanation

The Japanese noun '日課 (にっか)' refers to a daily routine or a task that is performed regularly every day. It is often used to describe habitual activities or duties that are part of one's everyday life. For example: my daily routine is to go for a run「私の日課はランニングです」(わたしのにっかはらんにんぐです). Reading the newspaper is part of his daily routine「新聞を読むことが彼の日課です」(しんぶんをよむことがかれのにっかです). The word emphasizes the regularity and consistency of the activity, making it a fundamental part of one's day.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6170

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Honorific

Reading

Kanji

尊Respect, Revered

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '尊 (みこと)' is an honorific used to show deep respect, often attached to the names of deities, emperors, or other highly revered figures. It conveys a sense of sacredness or divinity. For example: the sun goddess Amaterasu is referred to as '天照大御神 (あまてらすおおみかみ)', where '大御神 (おおみかみ)' includes the honorific '御 (み)' and '神 (かみ)' meaning 'god'. Another example is the historical figure Prince Shōtoku, who is often called '聖徳太子 (しょうとくたいし)', but in more reverent contexts, '聖徳太子尊 (しょうとくたいしみこと)' might be used. This suffix is rarely used in modern everyday language and is mostly found in historical, religious, or literary contexts.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6200

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Solidify, Harden

Reading

Kanji

固Hard

Explanation

The Japanese verb '固まる (かたまる)' primarily means 'to harden' or 'to solidify'. It is used to describe the process of something becoming physically solid or firm, such as concrete hardening or jelly setting. It can also be used metaphorically to describe situations or plans becoming fixed or settled. For example: The cement has hardened「セメントが固まった」(セメントがかたまった). Our plans have solidified「私たちの計画が固まった」(わたしたちのけいかくがかたまった). The verb can also imply a sense of stability or becoming unchangeable, as in opinions or relationships solidifying over time.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6201

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Arms

Reading

Kanji

武Military 装Dress, Attire

Explanation

The Japanese noun '武装 (ぶそう)' refers to 'arms' or 'weapons'. It is commonly used to describe the act of equipping oneself or a group with weapons, or the state of being armed. This term can be used in both literal and figurative contexts, such as military or ideological 'arming'. For example: The soldiers were armed「兵士たちは武装していた」(へいしたちはぶそうしていた). The country is arming itself against threats「その国は脅威に対して武装している」(そのくにはきょういに対してぶそうしている). Note that '武装' can also imply preparation or readiness in a broader sense, such as '武装した思想' (ぶそうしたしそう) meaning 'armed ideology' or a well-prepared mindset.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6208

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tilt

Reading

Kanji

傾Incline, Lean

Explanation

The Japanese verb '傾げる (かしげる)' means 'to tilt' or 'to incline'. It is often used to describe the action of tilting one's head, typically to express confusion, curiosity, or thoughtfulness. For example: She tilted her head in confusion「彼女は首を傾げた」(かのじょはくびをかしげた). The vase tilted and fell「花瓶が傾げて倒れた」(かびんがかしげてたおれた). This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe leaning or inclining towards an opinion or idea. For instance: He tilted towards the new proposal「彼は新しい提案に傾げた」(かれはあたらしいていあんにかしげた).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6212

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Foul

Reading

Kanji

反Anti 則Rule

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '反則 (はんそく)' refers to a violation or foul, particularly in the context of rules, regulations, or sports. It is commonly used to describe actions that break established rules, whether in games, competitions, or formal agreements. For example: That was a foul!「それは反則だ！」(それははんそくだ！). He committed a foul during the match「彼は試合中に反則を犯した」(かれはしあいちゅうにはんそくをおかした). The term can also extend to broader contexts, such as breaking societal or ethical rules, though it is most frequently associated with sports and games.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6217

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Expert

Reading

Kanji

専Exclusive, Specialty 門Gate 家House

Explanation

The Japanese noun '専門家 (せんもんか)' means 'expert'. It refers to a person who has specialized knowledge, skills, or experience in a particular field. This term is often used in professional or academic contexts to describe someone who is highly skilled or knowledgeable in their area of expertise. For example: He is an expert in economics「彼は経済の専門家です」(かれはけいざいのせんもんかです). We need to consult an expert「専門家に相談する必要があります」(せんもんかにそうだんするひつようがあります). The word can also imply a level of authority or trustworthiness in the given field.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6236

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Innovation

Reading

Kanji

革Reform, Leather 新New

Explanation

The Japanese noun '革新 (かくしん)' refers to 'innovation' or a significant change that introduces new methods, ideas, or products. It is often used in contexts related to technology, business, or societal changes. For example: The company is known for its innovation「その会社は革新で知られている」(そのかいしゃはかくしんでしられている). This technology represents a major innovation「この技術は大きな革新を表している」(このぎじゅつはおおきなかくしんをあらわしている). The word emphasizes the introduction of something new and transformative, often leading to improvements or advancements in a particular field.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6239

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Art

Reading

Kanji

芸Art, Performance

Explanation

The Japanese noun '芸 (げい)' refers to 'art' or 'performance'. It is often used to describe artistic skills, performances, or crafts, particularly in traditional Japanese contexts. For example: she is skilled in traditional Japanese arts「彼女は伝統的な日本の芸に熟練している」(かのじょはでんとうてきなにほんのげいにじゅくれんしている). The geisha performed a beautiful art「芸者が美しい芸を披露した」(げいしゃがうつくしいげいをひろうした). This word can also refer to specific skills or techniques, such as in martial arts or other disciplines. It carries a connotation of refinement and mastery.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6256

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Feather

Reading

Kanji

羽Feather

Explanation

The Japanese noun '羽 (はね)' primarily means 'feather'. It refers to the natural growth on birds that helps them fly. This word can also be used metaphorically or in compound words to describe things that resemble feathers in shape or function. For example: a bird's feather「鳥の羽」(とりのはね). The angel has beautiful feathers「天使は美しい羽を持っている」(てんしはうつくしいはねをもっている). Note that '羽' can also refer to wings in some contexts, but the primary and most common meaning is 'feather'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6262

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Military, Force

Reading

Kanji

武Military 力Power

Explanation

The Japanese noun '武力 (ぶりょく)' refers to the use of physical force or military power. It is often used in contexts related to conflict, war, or coercion. The word can describe both the concept of force in general and the specific application of military strength. For example: The country used military force to resolve the conflict「その国は武力で紛争を解決した」(そのくにはぶりょくでふんそうをかいけつした). They rely on force rather than diplomacy「彼らは外交ではなく武力に頼る」(かれらはがいこうではなくぶりょくにたよる). Note that '武力' carries a strong connotation of physical or armed power, distinguishing it from more abstract forms of influence.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6263

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Usually

Reading

Kanji

普Universal, Widespread 段Step, Stairs

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '普段 (ふだん)' means 'usually' or 'ordinarily'. It refers to something that is done regularly or under normal circumstances. This word is often used to describe habitual actions or states. For example: I usually walk to work「普段は歩いて仕事に行きます」(ふだんはあるいてしごとにいきます). She usually wears glasses「彼女は普段メガネをかけています」(かのじょはふだんめがねをかけています). It can also be used to contrast normal situations with exceptions, as in '普段は静かなのに、今日はにぎやかだ (ふだんはしずかなのに、きょうはにぎやかだ) (It's usually quiet, but today it's lively).'

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6267

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tree lined

Reading

Kanji

並Line, Row 木Tree, Wood

Explanation

The Japanese noun '並木 (なみき)' refers to a row of trees, often planted along a street, road, or path. It is commonly used to describe scenic or aesthetically pleasing tree-lined areas. For example: The road is lined with cherry trees「その道は桜の並木です」(そのみちはさくらのなみきです). I walked along the tree-lined street「並木道を歩きました」(なみきみちをあるきました). This word evokes a sense of natural beauty and is often associated with peaceful or picturesque settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6268

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Horizon

Reading

Kanji

地Ground 平Flat 線Line

Explanation

The Japanese noun '地平線 (ちへいせん)' refers to the 'horizon', the line where the earth's surface and the sky appear to meet. It is commonly used in both literal and poetic contexts to describe the visual boundary between land or sea and the sky. For example: The sun is setting on the horizon「地平線に太陽が沈んでいる」(ちへいせんにたいようがしずんでいる). I saw a ship on the horizon「地平線に船が見えた」(ちへいせんにふねがみえた). This word is often used in literature and everyday conversation to evoke a sense of vastness or distance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6274

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Smooth

Reading

Kanji

順Order, Obey 調Investigate, Tune

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '順調 (じゅんちょう)' means 'smooth' or 'favorable'. It is used to describe a situation, process, or condition that is progressing well without any problems. It often implies that things are going according to plan or as expected. For example: The project is going smoothly「プロジェクトは順調に進んでいます」(ぷろじぇくとはじゅんちょうにすすんでいます). Her recovery is going well「彼女の回復は順調です」(かのじょのかいふくはじゅんちょうです). This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to describe positive progress.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6278

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Leadership

Reading

Kanji

主Master 導Lead, Guide

Explanation

The Japanese noun '主導 (しゅどう)' means 'leadership' or 'taking the lead'. It refers to the act of guiding, directing, or being in charge of a group, project, or initiative. This word is often used in contexts involving management, organization, or decision-making. For example: He took the leadership in the project「彼はプロジェクトの主導をとった」(かれはプロジェクトのしゅどうをとった). The company's leadership is strong「その会社の主導は強い」(そのかいしゃのしゅどうはつよい). Note that '主導' emphasizes the active role of leading or guiding, rather than just holding a position of authority.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6281

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Milk, Breast

Reading

Kanji

乳Breasts, Milk

Explanation

The Japanese noun '乳 (ちち)' can mean 'milk' or 'breast', depending on the context. When referring to 'milk', it is often used in a general sense, such as cow's milk or breast milk. For example: I drink milk every morning「私は毎朝乳を飲みます」(わたしはまいあさちちをのみます). When referring to 'breast', it is typically used in a biological or medical context. For example: The baby is feeding from the mother's breast「赤ちゃんが母親の乳を飲んでいます」(あかちゃんがははおやのちちをのんでいます). It's important to note that '乳 (ちち)' is a somewhat formal or literary term, and in everyday conversation, '牛乳 (ぎゅうにゅう)' is more commonly used for 'cow's milk', and 'おっぱい' is a more casual term for 'breast'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6284

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Average

Reading

Kanji

平Flat 均Equal, Even

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '平均 (へいきん)' means 'average'. It refers to the mathematical concept of the mean, or the result obtained by adding several quantities together and then dividing by the number of quantities. It can also be used more generally to describe something that is typical or ordinary. For example: the average temperature is 20 degrees「平均気温は20度です」(へいきんきおんはにじゅうどです). His grades are above average「彼の成績は平均以上です」(かれのせいせきはへいきんいじょうです). The word can also be used in compound nouns, such as '平均寿命 (へいきんじゅみょう)' (average lifespan).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6288

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Curve

Reading

Kanji

曲Music, Bend 線Line

Explanation

The Japanese noun '曲線 (きょくせん)' means 'curve'. It refers to a line that is not straight but bends smoothly, often used in contexts like mathematics, art, or describing shapes. For example: The road has many curves「この道は曲線が多い」(このみちはきょくせんがおおい). The artist drew a beautiful curve「その芸術家は美しい曲線を描いた」(そのげいじゅつかはうつくしいきょくせんをえがいた). This word is commonly used in technical, artistic, or everyday descriptions of shapes and paths.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6302

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Craft, Trick

Reading

Kanji

細Slender 工Construction

Explanation

The Japanese noun '細工 (さいく)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'craft', referring to the act of creating or making something with skill, often involving intricate or delicate work. For example: This wooden doll is a fine craft「この木の人形は素晴らしい細工です」(このきのにんぎょうはすばらしいさいくです). The second meaning is 'trick', referring to a clever or deceitful act, often used in contexts involving manipulation or deception. For example: He used a trick to win the game「彼はゲームに勝つために細工を使った」(かれはゲームにかつためにさいくをつかった). The word's meaning depends heavily on the context in which it is used, so pay attention to the surrounding words and situation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6304

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

No entry

Reading

Kanji

立Stand 入Enter 禁Ban, Prohibition 止Stop

Explanation

The Japanese noun '立ち入り禁止 (たちいりきんし)' means 'no entry' or 'off-limits'. It is commonly used to indicate areas where entry is prohibited, such as restricted zones, construction sites, or private property. This term is often seen on signs and warnings. For example: This area is off-limits「このエリアは立ち入り禁止です」(このエリアはたちいりきんしです). Do not enter, it's prohibited「立ち入り禁止です、入らないでください」(たちいりきんしです、はいらないでください). The term is a combination of '立ち入り (たちいり)' meaning 'entry' and '禁止 (きんし)' meaning 'prohibition'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6311

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Understanding

Reading

Kanji

了Finish, Complete 解Solve, Untie

Explanation

The Japanese noun '了解 (りょうかい)' means 'understanding' or 'comprehension'. It is commonly used to acknowledge that one has understood a message, instruction, or situation. It is often used in formal or professional settings, such as in the workplace or military, to confirm receipt and understanding of information. For example: I understand「了解です」(りょうかいです). Understood, I will proceed「了解しました、進めます」(りょうかいしました、すすめます). It can also be used in casual conversations to indicate that one has grasped what someone else is saying. Note that '了解' is often used in response to instructions or requests, and it carries a sense of agreement or compliance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6320

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Voyage

Reading

Kanji

航Sail, Navigate 海Sea

Explanation

The Japanese noun '航海 (こうかい)' refers to a voyage or a journey by sea. It is commonly used to describe long trips across oceans or seas, often involving ships or boats. This term can be used in both literal and metaphorical contexts. For example: The ship set sail on a long voyage「船は長い航海に出た」(ふねはながいこうかいにでた). He embarked on a voyage of self-discovery「彼は自己発見の航海に出た」(かれはじこはっけんのこうかいにでた). The word emphasizes the idea of traveling over water, often with a sense of adventure or exploration.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6332

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Omission

Reading

Kanji

中Center 略Abbreviation, Strategy

Explanation

The Japanese noun '中略 (ちゅうりゃく)' refers to the act of omitting or skipping a part of something, typically in the middle of a text, conversation, or sequence. It is commonly used in contexts where certain details are left out for brevity or clarity. For example: Please omit the middle part「中略してください」(ちゅうりゃくしてください). The omitted section is marked as '...'「中略は'...'と記されています」(ちゅうりゃくは'...'ときされています). This term is often seen in written materials, such as books or articles, where parts of the text are intentionally left out.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6351

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Innkeeper

Reading

Kanji

女Woman 将Leader, Commander

Explanation

The Japanese noun '女将 (おかみ)' refers to a female innkeeper or the proprietress of a traditional Japanese inn (ryokan) or restaurant. This term is often used to describe a woman who manages the establishment, overseeing its operations and ensuring the comfort of guests. The role of an 'おかみ' is highly respected in Japanese culture, as she is seen as the face of the establishment and plays a key role in maintaining its hospitality and traditions. Example sentences: The innkeeper welcomed us warmly「女将が私たちを温かく迎えてくれた」(おかみがわたしたちをあたたかくむかえてくれた). The proprietress prepared a delicious meal「女将が美味しい料理を作ってくれた」(おかみがおいしいりょうりをつくってくれた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6381

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

One, Side

Reading

Kanji

片Fragment, One sided 方Direction

Explanation

The Japanese noun '片方 (かたほう)' refers to 'one' of a pair or 'one side' of something. It is often used when referring to one of two items, sides, or directions. For example: I lost one of my gloves「片方の手袋をなくした」(かたほうのてぶくろをなくした). Please look to one side「片方を見てください」(かたほうをみてください). The word emphasizes the existence of a pair or counterpart, and it is commonly used in contexts where only one part of a pair is being discussed or is relevant.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6399

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Total

Reading

Kanji

総General, Total 額Amount, Forehead

Explanation

The Japanese noun '総額 (そうがく)' means 'total' and refers to the complete sum or aggregate amount of something, often used in financial or quantitative contexts. It is commonly used when discussing budgets, costs, or overall amounts. For example: The total cost is 10,000 yen「総額は1万円です」(そうがくはいちまんえんです). The total amount of the project is high「プロジェクトの総額は高いです」(ぷろじぇくとのそうがくはたかいです). This word is typically used in formal or business settings to emphasize the entirety of a sum.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6402

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ash

Reading

Kanji

灰Ashes

Explanation

The Japanese noun '灰 (はい)' means 'ash'. This word refers to the powdery residue left after something has been burned, such as wood, paper, or other materials. It is commonly used in contexts related to fire, cremation, or cleaning up after burning something. For example: The ash fell from the cigarette「灰がタバコから落ちた」(はいがタバコからおちた). She cleaned the ash from the fireplace「彼女は暖炉の灰を掃除した」(かのじょはだんろのはいをそうじした). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that has been reduced to nothing, as in 'all turned to ash'「すべて灰になった」(すべてはいになった).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6403

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Family register

Reading

Kanji

戸Door 籍Enroll, Register

Explanation

The Japanese noun '戸籍 (こせき)' refers to the official family register system in Japan. It is a legal document that records vital information about individuals, such as birth, marriage, adoption, and death, and is used to establish family relationships and legal status. The 戸籍 is maintained by local government offices and is essential for various administrative procedures. Example sentences: I need to update my family register「戸籍を更新する必要があります」(こせきをこうしんするひつようがあります). The family register shows my parents' names「戸籍には私の両親の名前が載っています」(こせきにはわたしのりょうしんのなまえがのっています).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6426

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Group

Reading

Kanji

群Group, Flock

Explanation

The Japanese noun '群れ (むれ)' refers to a 'group' or 'flock' of living beings, typically animals or people, gathered together. It is often used to describe a natural gathering, such as a flock of birds or a herd of animals. For example: a flock of birds「鳥の群れ」(とりのむれ). A group of children playing「遊んでいる子供たちの群れ」(あそんでいるこどもたちのむれ). The word emphasizes the collective nature of the gathering, often implying movement or activity as a unit.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6428

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Book

Reading

Kanji

著Renowned, Author 書Write

Explanation

The Japanese noun '著書 (ちょしょ)' refers to a book or written work, particularly one that has been authored by someone. It is often used to describe a published work, such as a novel, essay collection, or academic text. This term emphasizes the authorship aspect, as it is derived from the kanji 著 (author) and 書 (writing). For example: His latest book is very popular「彼の最新の著書はとても人気です」(かれのさいしんのちょしょはとてもにんきです). I read her book last year「私は去年彼女の著書を読みました」(わたしはきょねんかのじょのちょしょをよみました). Note that this word is more formal and is typically used in written or formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6438

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Light

Reading

Kanji

灯Light, Lamp

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '灯 (とう)' means 'light' and is often used in compound words related to lighting or illumination. It is derived from the kanji 灯, which represents a lamp or light source. This suffix is commonly found in words like '街灯 (がいとう)' (streetlight) or '信号灯 (しんごうとう)' (traffic light). For example: The streetlight is bright「街灯が明るい」(がいとうがあかるい). The traffic light turned red「信号灯が赤になった」(しんごうとうがあかになった). Note that 灯 is rarely used as a standalone word and typically appears as part of compound nouns.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6456

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Contact

Reading

Kanji

連Take along 絡Entwine, Interlink

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '連絡 (れんらく)' means 'contact' or 'communication'. It refers to the act of getting in touch with someone or conveying information. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts, such as in business settings or daily life. For example: Please contact me「連絡してください」(れんらくしてください). I will contact you later「後で連絡します」(あとでれんらくします). It can also refer to the coordination or connection between people or groups, as in 'We need to stay in contact with the team'「チームと連絡を取り合う必要があります」(チームとれんらくをとりあうひつようがあります).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6460

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Boundary

Reading

Kanji

境Boundary, Border

Explanation

The Japanese noun '境 (さかい)' refers to a boundary or border, either physical or metaphorical. It can describe the dividing line between two areas, such as countries or properties, or the boundary between different states, conditions, or phases. For example: the boundary between dreams and reality「夢と現実の境」(ゆめとげんじつのさかい). The border between two countries「二つの国の境」(ふたつのくにのさかい). This word is also used in abstract contexts, such as the boundary between life and death「生と死の境」(せいとしのさかい). Note that '境' can also imply a transitional state or a turning point, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6469

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Recording

Reading

Kanji

録Record 画Picture

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '録画 (ろくが)' refers to the act of recording video or visual content, typically for television, movies, or other media. It is commonly used in contexts involving recording devices, such as DVRs or cameras. For example: I set the recording for the show「番組の録画を設定した」(ばんぐみのろくがをせっていした). The recording failed due to a power outage「停電で録画が失敗した」(ていでんろくががしっぱいした). This term is often used in technical or everyday contexts related to media consumption and storage.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6478

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Recording tape

Reading

Kanji

録Record 音Sound

Explanation

The Japanese noun '録音テープ (ろくおんテープ)' refers to a 'recording tape', which is a magnetic tape used for recording audio. This term is often used in contexts related to audio recording, such as music production, voice recording, or archival purposes. Example sentences: I bought a new recording tape「新しい録音テープを買いました」(あたらしいろくおんテープをかいました). The recording tape is full「録音テープがいっぱいです」(ろくおんテープがいっぱいです). This term is somewhat old-fashioned, as digital recording methods have largely replaced magnetic tapes in modern usage.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6479

Composition

kanji-hiragana-katakana

Handwriting