Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Kanji School Grade

word

Meaning

Surroundings

Reading

Kanji

周Circumference 囲Surround

Explanation

The Japanese noun '周囲 (しゅうい)' refers to the area or environment around something or someone. It can describe physical surroundings, such as the area around a building, or the social environment, such as the people around a person. For example: The surroundings are quiet「周囲は静かです」(しゅういはしずかです). He is aware of his surroundings「彼は周囲に気を配っている」(かれはしゅういにはきをくばっている). This word is often used in contexts where the focus is on the environment or the people around a subject.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1483

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Plan

Reading

Kanji

案Plan, Proposal

Explanation

The Japanese noun '案 (あん)' primarily means 'plan' or 'proposal'. It refers to a thought-out idea or strategy intended to achieve a specific goal. This word is often used in formal or business contexts, such as discussing project plans or proposals. For example: We need to discuss the plan「案を話し合う必要がある」(あんをはなしあうひつようがある). His proposal was accepted「彼の案は受け入れられた」(かれのあんはうけいれられた). Additionally, '案' can sometimes imply a draft or preliminary idea, as in '案を練る (あんをねる)', which means 'to refine a plan'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1498

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Prefecture

Reading

Kanji

府Government office, Urban prefecture

Explanation

The Japanese noun '府 (ふ)' refers to a type of administrative division in Japan, specifically a 'prefecture'. Historically, it was used to denote important urban areas or governmental centers. In modern Japan, it is part of the names of certain prefectures, such as '京都府 (きょうとふ)' (Kyoto Prefecture) and '大阪府 (おおさかふ)' (Osaka Prefecture). Example sentences: Kyoto is a prefecture in Japan「京都は日本の府です」(きょうとはにほんのふです). Osaka Prefecture is known for its vibrant culture「大阪府はその活気ある文化で知られています」(おおさかふはそのかっきあるぶんかでしられています).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1502

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Task, Issue

Reading

Kanji

課Section, Lesson 題Topic

Explanation

The Japanese noun '課題 (かだい)' can mean 'task' or 'issue'. When referring to a 'task', it often implies a specific assignment or piece of work that needs to be completed, such as homework or a project. For example: I have a lot of tasks to do「たくさんの課題があります」(たくさんのかだいがあります). When referring to an 'issue', it can denote a problem or challenge that needs to be addressed. For example: We need to discuss this issue「この課題について話し合う必要があります」(このかだいについてはなしあうひつようがあります). The word is commonly used in both academic and professional settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1505

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Graduation

Reading

Kanji

卒Graduate 業Business

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '卒業 (そつぎょう)' means 'graduation'. It refers to the act of completing a course of study, typically from a school or university. This word is commonly used in contexts related to education, such as graduating from high school or university. For example: I graduated from university last year「私は去年大学を卒業しました」(わたしはきょねんだいがくをそつぎょうしました). She will graduate from high school next spring「彼女は来春高校を卒業します」(かのじょはらいしゅんこうこうをそつぎょうします). Additionally, '卒業' can sometimes be used metaphorically to indicate moving on from a phase or stage in life, such as '卒業する' meaning 'to graduate from' a particular habit or mindset.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1511

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Require, Summarize

Reading

Kanji

要Important, Need

Explanation

The Japanese verb '要する (ようする)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to require' or 'to need', often used to indicate necessity. For example: This task requires patience「この仕事は忍耐を要する」(このしごとはにんたいをようする). The second meaning is 'to summarize' or 'to conclude', used when condensing information into a concise form. For example: To summarize, we need more time「要するにもっと時間が必要だ」(ようするにもっとじかんがひつようだ). The verb is formal and often used in written or professional contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1516

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tie, Connect

Reading

Kanji

結Tie, Bind

Explanation

The Japanese verb '結ぶ (むすぶ)' has two primary meanings: 'to tie' and 'to connect'. When used in the sense of 'to tie', it refers to physically binding or fastening something, such as tying a knot or a ribbon. For example: I tied my shoelaces「靴ひもを結んだ」(くつひもをむすんだ). In the sense of 'to connect', it can refer to forming a relationship, linking ideas, or establishing a bond. For example: The bridge connects the two cities「その橋は二つの都市を結ぶ」(そのはしはふたつのとしをむすぶ). The verb is versatile and can be used in both literal and metaphorical contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1520

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Participation

Reading

Kanji

参Participate 加Join, Add

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '参加 (さんか)' means 'participation'. It refers to the act of joining or taking part in an event, activity, or group. It is commonly used in formal and informal contexts to describe involvement in meetings, events, or organizations. For example: I will participate in the meeting「会議に参加します」(かいぎにさんかします). She enjoys participating in volunteer activities「彼女はボランティア活動に参加するのが好きです」(かのじょはボランティアかつどうにさんかするのがすきです). Note that '参加' is often paired with verbs like 'する' (to do) or 'する予定です' (plan to do) to indicate participation.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1526

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Corporation

Reading

Kanji

法Law, Method 人Person

Explanation

The Japanese noun '法人 (ほうじん)' refers to a 'corporation' or 'legal entity'. It is used to describe an organization that is recognized by law as a single entity, separate from its members, and has legal rights and responsibilities. This term is commonly used in business and legal contexts. For example: The corporation was established last year「その法人は去年設立されました」(そのほうじんはきょねんせつりつされました). Non-profit organizations are also considered legal entities「非営利団体も法人とみなされます」(ひえいりだんたいもほうじんとみなされます).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1530

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Processing

Reading

Kanji

加Join, Add 工Construction

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '加工 (かこう)' means 'processing'. It refers to the act of altering, modifying, or treating raw materials or data to create a finished product or result. This term is commonly used in contexts such as manufacturing, food production, and data handling. For example: The factory processes raw materials「工場は原料を加工する」(こうじょうはげんりょうをかこうする). This data needs further processing「このデータはさらに加工が必要だ」(このデータはさらにかこうがひつようだ). The word can also imply refinement or improvement, as in '加工食品 (かこうしょくひん) (processed food)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1531

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Material, Ingredient

Reading

Kanji

材Materials, Timber 料Materials, Fee

Explanation

The Japanese noun '材料 (ざいりょう)' can mean either 'ingredient' or 'material', depending on the context. When referring to cooking or recipes, it typically means 'ingredient'. For example: the ingredients for this dish are fresh「この料理の材料は新鮮です」(このりょうりのざいりょうはしんせんです). In a broader sense, it can also refer to 'material' used in construction, manufacturing, or other processes. For example: we need more materials to build the house「家を建てるためにもっと材料が必要です」(いえをたてるためにもっとざいりょうがひつようです). The word is versatile and context-dependent, so pay attention to how it is used in sentences.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1539

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Income

Reading

Kanji

所Place 得Acquire

Explanation

The Japanese noun '所得 (しょとく)' refers to 'income' or 'earnings'. It is commonly used in contexts related to finance, economics, and personal earnings. This term can refer to various types of income, such as salary, wages, or profits. For example: His income is high「彼の所得は高い」(かれのしょとくはたかい). The government taxes income「政府は所得に課税する」(せいふはしょとくにかぜいする). It is important to note that '所得' is often used in formal or official contexts, such as tax-related discussions or financial reports.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1541

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Minister

Reading

Kanji

大Big 臣Servant, Retainer

Explanation

The Japanese noun '大臣 (だいじん)' refers to a 'minister', specifically a high-ranking government official who is in charge of a specific ministry or department. This term is commonly used in political contexts to denote individuals who hold significant authority within the government. For example: The Minister of Finance spoke at the conference「財務大臣が会議で話しました」(ざいむだいじんがかいぎではなしました). The Prime Minister appointed a new Minister of Education「首相が新しい文部科学大臣を任命しました」(しゅしょうがあたらしいもんぶかがくだいじんをにんめいしました). It's important to note that '大臣' is often used in combination with the specific ministry they oversee, such as '外務大臣 (がいむだいじん)' for 'Minister of Foreign Affairs'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1550

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ambulance

Reading

Kanji

救Rescue 急Urgent 車Car

Explanation

The Japanese noun '救急車 (きゅうきゅうしゃ)' refers to an 'ambulance', a vehicle equipped to transport sick or injured people to a hospital. It is commonly used in emergency situations. For example: Call an ambulance!「救急車を呼んで！」(きゅうきゅうしゃをよんで！). The ambulance arrived quickly「救急車がすぐに到着した」(きゅうきゅうしゃがすぐにとうちゃくした). The word is a compound of '救急 (きゅうきゅう)', meaning 'emergency', and '車 (しゃ)', meaning 'vehicle'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1555

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tune, Joint

Reading

Kanji

節Season, Node

Explanation

The Japanese noun '節 (ふし)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning refers to a 'joint' or 'node', such as the joints in bamboo or the nodes in a plant stem. For example: the bamboo has many joints「竹には節が多い」(たけにはふしがおおい). The second meaning refers to a 'tune' or 'melody', often used in the context of traditional Japanese music or songs. For example: she sang a beautiful tune「彼女は美しい節を歌った」(かのじょはうつくしいふしをうたった). These two meanings are unrelated and should be considered separately.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1557

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Management

Reading

Kanji

管Pipe 理Reason

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '管理 (かんり)' means 'management'. It refers to the act of controlling, overseeing, or administering something, such as a business, property, or system. This word is commonly used in professional and organizational contexts. For example: He is in charge of the management of the company「彼は会社の管理を担当しています」(かれはかいしゃのかんりをたんとうしています). Proper management of resources is essential「資源の適切な管理が不可欠です」(しげんのてきせつなかんりがふかけつです). The word can also be used in contexts like 'time management' (時間管理, じかんかんり) or 'stress management' (ストレス管理, ストレスかんり).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1558

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

War

Reading

Kanji

戦Fight, War 争Dispute

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '戦争 (せんそう)' means 'war'. It refers to a state of armed conflict between different nations, states, or groups. This term is often used in historical, political, or social contexts to describe large-scale conflicts. For example: The war ended in 1945「戦争は1945年に終わった」(せんそうは1945ねんにおわった). Many people suffered during the war「多くの人が戦争中に苦しんだ」(おおくのひとがせんそうちゅうにくるしんだ). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe intense competition or conflict in non-military contexts, such as 'price wars' or 'trade wars'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1568

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Soldier

Reading

Kanji

兵Soldier

Explanation

The Japanese noun '兵 (へい)' primarily means 'soldier'. It refers to a person who serves in an army or military force. This term is often used in formal or historical contexts. For example: The soldier fought bravely「兵は勇敢に戦った」(へいはゆうかんにたたかった). Many soldiers were injured「多くの兵が負傷した」(おおくのへいがふしょうした). The word can also appear in compound nouns, such as '兵士 (へいし)' which also means 'soldier', but '兵' alone is more concise and often used in literary or formal settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1573

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Competition

Reading

Kanji

競Compete 争Dispute

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '競争 (きょうそう)' means 'competition'. It refers to a situation in which individuals or groups strive to outperform each other, often in a specific activity or field. This word is commonly used in contexts such as sports, business, academics, or any scenario where rivalry or striving for superiority is involved. For example: The competition was fierce「競争は激しかった」(きょうそうははげしかった). They are in competition for the top position「彼らはトップの座を競争している」(かれらはトップのざをきょうそうしている). Note that '競争' can also imply a sense of striving or effort, not just direct rivalry.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1574

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

County

Reading

Kanji

郡County, District

Explanation

The Japanese noun '郡 (ぐん)' refers to a 'county', which is an administrative division in Japan, smaller than a prefecture but larger than a city, town, or village. This term is used in geographical and administrative contexts to denote a specific area within a prefecture. For example: This county is known for its beautiful landscapes「この郡は美しい景色で知られています」(このぐんはうつくしいけしきでしられています). The county office is located in the center of the town「郡役所は町の中心にあります」(ぐんやくしょはまちのちゅうしんにあります). It's important to note that '郡' is a formal term and is less commonly used in everyday conversation compared to more specific terms like '市 (し)' (city) or '町 (まち)' (town).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1577

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Last

Reading

Kanji

最Most 終End

Explanation

The Japanese noun '最終 (さいしゅう)' means 'last' or 'final'. It is commonly used to refer to the last or final instance of something, such as the last train, the final episode of a series, or the ultimate conclusion of an event. For example: the last train「最終電車」(さいしゅうでんしゃ). This is the final episode「これは最終回です」(これはさいしゅうかいです). The final decision will be made tomorrow「最終的な決定は明日行われます」(さいしゅうてきなけっていはあしたおこなわれます). Note that '最終' often carries a sense of definitiveness or conclusion, and it is frequently used in formal or structured contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1590

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cool

Reading

Kanji

冷Cold

Explanation

The Japanese verb '冷える (ひえる)' means 'to cool' or 'to become cold'. It is often used to describe a decrease in temperature, either literally or metaphorically. For example: the beer has cooled「ビールが冷えた」(びーるがひえた). My body feels cold「体が冷える」(からだがひえる). This verb can also be used to describe a cooling of emotions or relationships, such as 'their relationship has cooled down'「彼らの関係は冷えた」(かれらのかんけいはひえた). Note that '冷える' is an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object. To express the action of cooling something else, the transitive verb '冷やす (ひやす)' is used.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1600

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Proactiveness

Reading

Kanji

積Accumulate 極Extreme, Pole

Explanation

The Japanese noun '積極 (せっきょく)' refers to a proactive or positive attitude towards taking action or engaging in activities. It is often used to describe someone who is enthusiastic, forward-thinking, or eager to take initiative. For example: His proactiveness is admirable「彼の積極は素晴らしい」(かれのせっきょくはすばらしい). We need more proactiveness in this project「このプロジェクトにはもっと積極が必要だ」(このプロジェクトにはもっとせっきょくがひつようだ). The term is commonly used in both personal and professional contexts to encourage or praise someone's willingness to act.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1620

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unit

Reading

Kanji

単Simple, Single 位Rank

Explanation

The Japanese noun '単位 (たんい)' primarily means 'unit'. It is used to refer to a standard measurement, such as in science, mathematics, or everyday contexts. For example: The unit of length is the meter「長さの単位はメートルです」(ながさのたんいはメートルです). Additionally, in educational contexts, it can refer to academic credits: I need three more units to graduate「卒業するにはあと3単位必要です」(そつぎょうするにはあと3たんいひつようです). The word is versatile and widely used in both technical and casual settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1628

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Borrow

Reading

Kanji

借Borrow, Rent

Explanation

The Japanese verb '借りる (かりる)' means 'to borrow'. It is used when someone temporarily takes something from another person with the intention of returning it later. This verb is commonly used in everyday situations, such as borrowing books, money, or items. For example: I borrowed a book from the library「図書館から本を借りた」(としょかんからほんをかりた). Can I borrow your pen?「あなたのペンを借りてもいいですか？」(あなたのペンをかりてもいいですか？). The verb '借りる' is often paired with the particle 'を' to indicate the object being borrowed. It is important to note that '借りる' implies a temporary action, and the item is expected to be returned.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1637

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hall

Reading

Kanji

堂Hall

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '堂 (どう)' is commonly used to denote a hall or building, often associated with a specific purpose or establishment. It is frequently seen in the names of shops, temples, or public buildings. For example: a bookstore「本堂」(ほんどう), a temple hall「寺院の堂」(じいんのどう). This suffix can also be used in names of establishments, such as a bakery「パン屋の堂」(ぱんやのどう). It is important to note that '堂' is often used in a respectful or formal context, adding a sense of dignity or importance to the place it describes.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1644

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Position

Reading

Kanji

位Rank 置Put

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '位置 (いち)' means 'position'. It refers to the place or location of something in space or in a particular arrangement. It can also refer to one's status or role in a group or organization. For example: the position of the chair「椅子の位置」(いすのいち). His position in the company is high「彼の会社での位置は高い」(かれのかいしゃでのいちはたかい). This word is often used in contexts involving physical placement, ranking, or situational status.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1647

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stop

Reading

Kanji

停Halt 車Car

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '停車 (ていしゃ)' means 'stop' and is specifically used in the context of vehicles, such as trains, buses, or cars, coming to a halt. It is often used in transportation-related contexts. For example: the train stopped at the station「電車が駅に停車した」(でんしゃがえきにていしゃした). The bus will stop here「バスはここで停車します」(バスはここでていしゃします). Note that '停車' is distinct from other words for stopping, as it specifically refers to the stopping of vehicles.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1651

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Confidence

Reading

Kanji

自Self 信Trust

Explanation

The Japanese noun '自信 (じしん)' means 'confidence'. It refers to a feeling of self-assurance or belief in one's own abilities, qualities, or judgment. This word is often used in contexts where someone is expressing their belief in their capacity to succeed or perform well. For example: I have confidence in my skills「私は自分のスキルに自信がある」(わたしはじぶんのスキルにじしんがある). She lost her confidence after the failure「彼女は失敗の後、自信を失った」(かのじょはしっぱいのあと、じしんをうしなった). It can also be used in negative forms to express a lack of confidence, such as '自信がない (じしんがない)' meaning 'to lack confidence'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1652

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bus stop

Reading

Kanji

停Halt

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'バス停 (ばすてい)' refers to a 'bus stop', which is a designated place where buses stop to pick up and drop off passengers. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation when discussing transportation or giving directions. For example: The bus stop is over there「バス停はあそこです」(ばすていはあそこです). I will meet you at the bus stop「バス停で会いましょう」(ばすていであいましょう). It's important to note that 'バス停' is a compound noun formed by combining 'バス' (bus) and '停' (stop), and it is widely understood in Japanese-speaking regions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1654

Composition

kanji-katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Burn, Grill

Reading

Kanji

焼Burn, Bake

Explanation

The Japanese verb '焼く (やく)' has two primary meanings: 'grill' and 'burn'. When used in the context of cooking, it means to grill or roast food, such as meat or fish. For example: I will grill the fish「魚を焼きます」(さかなをやきます). In a different context, it can mean to burn something, such as burning trash or documents. For example: He burned the old letters「彼は古い手紙を焼いた」(かれはふるいてがみをやいた). The verb is versatile and its meaning depends on the context in which it is used.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1680

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Desire, Hope

Reading

Kanji

望Hope, Ambition

Explanation

The Japanese verb '望む (のぞむ)' primarily means 'to desire' or 'to hope'. It is used to express a strong wish or aspiration for something. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as personal desires, hopes for the future, or even in more formal or literary settings. For example: I hope for peace「平和を望む」(へいわをのぞむ). She desires success「彼女は成功を望む」(かのじょはせいこうをのぞむ). It is important to note that '望む' often carries a sense of earnestness or deep longing, making it suitable for expressing heartfelt wishes or ambitions.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1692

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Attached

Reading

Kanji

付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '付け (つけ)' is used to indicate that something is attached, added, or included. It often follows a noun to describe something that comes with or is accompanied by another thing. For example: date attached「日付付け」(ひづけつけ). This suffix is commonly used in contexts like dates, labels, or items that come with additional features. Another example: with sauce「ソース付け」(ソースつけ). It can also imply a sense of being prepared or arranged, as in 'ready-made' or 'prepared with'.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1700

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Found

Reading

Kanji

見See 付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese verb '見付かる (みつかる)' means 'to be found' or 'to be discovered'. It is used when something or someone that was hidden, lost, or unnoticed becomes visible or known. This verb is often used in passive contexts, where the subject is the one being found. For example: The lost key was found「なくした鍵が見付かった」(なくしたかぎがみつかった). He was found hiding in the closet「彼はクローゼットに隠れているところを見付かった」(かれはクローゼットにかくれているところをみつかった). Note that '見付かる' is the intransitive form, while '見付ける (みつける)' is the transitive form, meaning 'to find'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1713

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Machine, Mechanism

Reading

Kanji

機Machine, Opportunity 械Contraption

Explanation

The Japanese noun '機械 (きかい)' primarily means 'machine' and refers to a device or apparatus that performs a specific task, often involving mechanical or automated processes. It can also mean 'mechanism', referring to the internal workings or structure of a machine. This word is commonly used in contexts related to technology, engineering, and industry. For example: This machine is very advanced「この機械はとても進んでいる」(このきかいはとてもすすんでいる). The mechanism of this clock is complicated「この時計の機械は複雑だ」(このとけいのきかいはふくざつだ). Note that '機械' is often used in technical or formal contexts, distinguishing it from simpler devices or tools.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1718

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Other side

Reading

Kanji

向Facing, Yonder 側Side

Explanation

The Japanese noun '向こう側 (むこうがわ)' means 'the other side' or 'the opposite side'. It is used to refer to the side of something that is opposite to where the speaker or subject is currently located. This can be used in both physical and metaphorical contexts. For example: the other side of the river「川の向こう側」(かわのむこうがわ). On the other side of the world「世界の向こう側」(せかいのむこうがわ). It can also be used to describe the other side of an argument or situation, as in 'the other side of the story'「話の向こう側」(はなしのむこうがわ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1720

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Democracy

Reading

Kanji

民People, Nation 主Master

Explanation

The Japanese noun '民主 (みんしゅ)' means 'democracy'. It refers to a system of government where power is vested in the people, who exercise it directly or through elected representatives. This term is often used in political contexts and can be combined with other words to form related terms, such as '民主主義 (みんしゅしゅぎ)' (democracy as a political ideology). Example sentences: Democracy is important「民主は大切です」(みんしゅはたいせつです). The country values democracy「その国は民主を重視しています」(そのくにはみんしゅをじゅうししています).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1727

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Large quantity

Reading

Kanji

大Big 量Measure, Quantity

Explanation

The Japanese noun '大量 (たいりょう)' means 'large quantity' or 'bulk.' It is used to describe a significant amount or size of something, often in an objective or quantitative sense. This word is commonly used in contexts related to production, consumption, or supply, such as describing large quantities of goods, materials, or resources. Example: They imported a large quantity of oil 「彼らは大量の石油を輸入した」 (かれらはたいりょうのせきゆをゆにゅうした). There was a large amount of rainfall 「大量の雨が降った」 (たいりょうのあめがふった). '大量' can also be used in more abstract contexts, such as describing a large amount of information or data.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1734

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Accumulate, Pile up

Reading

Kanji

積Accumulate

Explanation

The Japanese verb '積もる (つもる)' primarily means 'to accumulate' or 'to pile up'. It is often used to describe things like snow, dust, or even abstract concepts like stress or debt. For example: snow has piled up「雪が積もった」(ゆきがつもった). Dust has accumulated on the desk「机にほこりが積もっている」(つくえにほこりがつもっている). It can also be used metaphorically, such as when describing accumulated feelings or experiences. For instance: years of stress have piled up「長年のストレスが積もっている」(ながねんのストレスがつもっている). Note that this verb is intransitive, meaning it does not take a direct object.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1739

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Receive, Accept

Reading

Kanji

受Accept 付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese verb '受け付ける (うけつける)' primarily means 'to accept' or 'to receive'. It is often used in contexts where something is being formally accepted, such as applications, requests, or orders. For example: The company is now accepting applications「会社は今、申し込みを受け付けています」(かいしゃはいま、もうしこみをうけつけています). The reception desk receives inquiries「受付は問い合わせを受け付けます」(うけつけはといあわせをうけつけます). It can also imply the act of processing or handling something, such as a request or complaint. Note that this verb is commonly used in formal or business settings.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1748

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Take care, Beware

Reading

Kanji

気Spirit 付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese verb '気を付ける (きをつける)' is a common phrase that means 'to be careful' or 'to take care'. It is often used as a warning or advice to someone to pay attention to potential dangers or to be mindful of their actions. This phrase is versatile and can be used in various situations, such as when someone is leaving the house, handling something fragile, or navigating a tricky situation. For example: Please be careful on your way home「帰り道に気を付けてください」(かえりみちにきをつけてください). Take care not to catch a cold「風邪を引かないように気を付けて」(かぜをひかないようにきをつけて). The phrase can also be used in a more general sense to remind someone to stay alert or mindful, as in '気を付けてね (きをつけてね)' which translates to 'Take care, okay?'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1757

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Acquisition

Reading

Kanji

取Take 得Acquire

Explanation

The Japanese noun '取得 (しゅとく)' refers to the act of obtaining or acquiring something, such as rights, qualifications, or objects. It is commonly used in formal or legal contexts. For example: He obtained a driver's license「彼は運転免許を取得した」(かれはうんてんめんきょをしゅとくした). The company acquired new technology「その会社は新しい技術を取得した」(そのかいしゃはあたらしいぎじゅつをしゅとくした). This word emphasizes the process or result of gaining something through effort or legal means.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1758

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Assembly member

Reading

Kanji

議Deliberation 員Member

Explanation

The Japanese noun '議員 (ぎいん)' refers to a member of an assembly, such as a legislative body or council. This term is commonly used to describe elected officials who serve in national, prefectural, or municipal assemblies. For example: The assemblymember proposed a new law「議員が新しい法律を提案した」(ぎいんがあたらしいほうりつをていあんした). She is a member of the city council「彼女は市議会の議員です」(かのじょはしぎかいのぎいんです). The term is neutral and can refer to members of any political party or affiliation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1760

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Anniversary

Reading

Kanji

記Record 念Thought 日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '記念日 (きねんび)' refers to a day of commemoration or celebration, often marking a significant event such as a wedding anniversary, a historical event, or a personal milestone. It is commonly used in contexts like birthdays, national holidays, or special occasions. For example: Today is our wedding anniversary「今日は私たちの結婚記念日です」(きょうはわたしたちのけっこんきねんびです). The school's founding anniversary is next week「学校の創立記念日は来週です」(がっこうのそうりつきねんびはらいしゅうです). The word can also be used more broadly to refer to any day that holds special significance, such as a first date or a memorable achievement.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1762

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Example

Reading

Kanji

例Example 文Sentence

Explanation

The Japanese noun '例文 (れいぶん)' means 'example sentence'. This term is commonly used in educational contexts, such as language learning or grammar studies, to refer to sentences that illustrate the use of a particular word, phrase, or grammatical structure. For example: Please look at the example sentence「例文を見てください」(れいぶんをみてください). This example sentence is easy to understand「この例文はわかりやすい」(このれいぶんはわかりやすい). It's important to note that '例文' is often used in textbooks, dictionaries, and language learning materials to help learners understand how words or grammar points are used in context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1767

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Misfortune, Unhappiness

Reading

Kanji

不Not 幸Happiness

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不幸 (ふこう)' can mean both 'unhappiness' and 'misfortune'. It is used to describe a state of being unhappy or experiencing bad luck. This word is often used in contexts involving personal suffering, tragic events, or unfortunate circumstances. For example: She felt deep unhappiness「彼女は深い不幸を感じた」(かのじょはふかいふこうをかんじた). The family experienced great misfortune「その家族は大きな不幸に見舞われた」(そのかぞくはおおきなふこうにみまわれた). Note that '不幸' can also be used to describe someone's life or situation, as in '不幸な人生 (ふこうなじんせい) (unfortunate life)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1787

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fight

Reading

Kanji

戦Fight, War

Explanation

The Japanese verb '戦う (たたかう)' means 'to fight' or 'to battle'. It is used to describe engaging in a physical or metaphorical struggle, conflict, or competition. This verb can be applied to various contexts, such as sports, wars, or personal challenges. For example: They fought bravely in the war「彼らは戦争で勇敢に戦った」(かれらはせんそうでゆうかんにたたかった). I will fight for my dreams「私は夢のために戦う」(わたしはゆめのためにたたかう). Note that '戦う' often implies a sense of effort or struggle, whether against an opponent or a difficult situation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1800

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reach

Reading

Kanji

達Attain, Plural

Explanation

The Japanese verb '達する (たっする)' means 'to reach' or 'to attain'. It is used to describe achieving a certain level, state, or goal. This verb is often used in formal or written contexts and can refer to reaching a physical destination, a numerical target, or a state of being. For example: The temperature reached 30 degrees「気温が30度に達した」(きおんが30どにたっした). He finally reached his goal「彼はついに目標に達した」(かれはついにもくひょうにたっした). Note that '達する' can also imply a sense of accomplishment or fulfillment when used in the context of achieving a goal or milestone.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1804

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ticket gate

Reading

Kanji

改Reform 札Tag, Bill 口Mouth

Explanation

The Japanese noun '改札口 (かいさつぐち)' refers to the 'ticket gate' or 'ticket barrier' at train stations, subways, or other transit systems. It is the point where passengers pass through after inserting or scanning their tickets or transit cards. This term is commonly used in daily life, especially in urban areas with extensive public transportation systems. For example: The ticket gate is crowded「改札口は混雑している」(かいさつぐちはこんざつしている). Please meet me at the ticket gate「改札口で会いましょう」(かいさつぐちであいましょう). The word is a combination of '改札 (かいさつ)', meaning 'ticket inspection', and '口 (ぐち)', meaning 'entrance' or 'exit'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1816

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Not at all

Reading

Kanji

全Whole, All 然Sort of thing, In that case

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '全然 (ぜんぜん)' is commonly used to express 'not at all' or 'entirely not'. It is often used in negative sentences to emphasize the complete absence or negation of something. For example: I don't understand at all「全然わからない」(ぜんぜんわからない). This is not interesting at all「これは全然面白くない」(これはぜんぜんおもしろくない). It can also be used in casual speech to mean 'completely' or 'totally' in positive contexts, though this usage is more informal. For example: I'm completely fine「全然平気だよ」(ぜんぜんへいきだよ).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1817

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Excuse, Rude

Reading

Kanji

失Lose, Fault 礼Bow, Salute

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '失礼 (しつれい)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'rude', referring to behavior that is impolite or disrespectful. For example: That was rude「それは失礼でした」(それはしつれいでした). The second meaning is 'excuse', often used as a polite way to apologize or take leave. For example: Excuse me, I must leave now「失礼します、もう行かなければなりません」(しつれいします、もういかなければなりません). The word is commonly used in formal and casual settings to express politeness or acknowledge a social misstep.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1819

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Effort

Reading

Kanji

努Toil 力Power

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '努力 (どりょく)' means 'effort'. It refers to the act of striving or working hard towards a goal. This word is often used in contexts where perseverance and dedication are emphasized. For example: He made an effort to learn Japanese「彼は日本語を学ぶために努力した」(かれはにほんごをまなぶためにどりょくした). Without effort, success is impossible「努力なしでは成功は不可能だ」(どりょくなしではせいこうはふかのうだ). The word can also be used in phrases like '努力家 (どりょくか)', which means 'hard worker' or 'diligent person'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1831

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Love

Reading

Kanji

愛Love

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '愛 (あい)' means 'love'. It refers to a deep feeling of affection, care, or attachment towards someone or something. This word is often used in both romantic and non-romantic contexts, such as love for family, friends, or even hobbies. For example: I love my family「私は家族を愛しています」(わたしはかぞくをあいしています). Love is important in life「愛は人生で大切です」(あいはじんせいでたいせつです). The word can also be used in compound words like '愛犬 (あいけん)' (beloved dog) or '愛国心 (あいこくしん)' (patriotism).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1858

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Public

Reading

Kanji

公Public 共Together

Explanation

The Japanese noun '公共 (こうきょう)' refers to something that is related to the community or society as a whole, often implying a sense of shared responsibility or common interest. It is commonly used in contexts involving public services, facilities, or welfare. For example: public transportation「公共の交通機関」(こうきょうのこうつうきかん). Public safety is important「公共の安全は大切です」(こうきょうのあんぜんはたいせつです). This term emphasizes the collective aspect of society and is often used in formal or official contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1859

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Holiday

Reading

Kanji

祝Celebrate 日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '祝日 (しゅくじつ)' refers to a national holiday or public holiday in Japan. These are days officially recognized by the government, during which many businesses and schools are closed. Examples include New Year's Day (元日), Coming of Age Day (成人の日), and Culture Day (文化の日). For example: Tomorrow is a national holiday「明日は祝日です」(あしたはしゅくじつです). We have a day off because it's a public holiday「祝日なので休みです」(しゅくじつなのでやすみです). Note that '祝日' specifically refers to holidays established by law, as opposed to '休日 (きゅうじつ)', which can refer to any day off, including weekends.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1866

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Celebration

Reading

Kanji

祝Celebrate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'お祝い (おいわい)' refers to a celebration or congratulatory event. It is often used to mark special occasions such as birthdays, weddings, or achievements. The prefix 'お' adds politeness, making it suitable for formal contexts. Example sentences: We held a celebration for her promotion「彼女の昇進のお祝いをしました」(かのじょのしょうしんのおいわいをしました). I received a gift for the celebration「お祝いのプレゼントをもらいました」(おいわいのぷれぜんとをもらいました). The word can also refer to the act of congratulating someone, as in 'お祝いの言葉 (おいわいのことば) (words of congratulations)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1867

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Surroundings

Reading

Kanji

周Circumference 辺Boundary, Vicinity

Explanation

The Japanese noun '周辺 (しゅうへん)' refers to the area or surroundings around a specific location. It is commonly used to describe the vicinity or environment near a place. For example: The surroundings of the park are quiet「公園の周辺は静かです」(こうえんのしゅうへんはしずかです). The area around the station is busy「駅の周辺は賑やかです」(えきのしゅうへんはにぎやかです). This word can also be used in a broader sense to describe the periphery or outskirts of a city or region.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1880

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wrap

Reading

Kanji

包Wrap

Explanation

The Japanese verb '包む (つつむ)' means 'to wrap'. It is used to describe the action of enclosing something completely, often with paper, cloth, or another material. This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe enveloping or surrounding something, such as emotions or atmospheres. For example: I wrapped the gift「プレゼントを包んだ」(ぷれぜんとをつつんだ). The mountain was wrapped in mist「山は霧に包まれていた」(やまはきりにつつまれていた). Note that '包む' can also imply a sense of protection or concealment, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1881

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Savings

Reading

Kanji

貯Savings 金Gold

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '貯金 (ちょきん)' refers to the act of saving money or the money that has been saved. It is commonly used in contexts related to personal finance, banking, or setting aside funds for future use. For example: I am saving money for a trip「旅行のために貯金しています」(りょこうのためにちょきんしています). She has a lot of savings「彼女はたくさん貯金があります」(かのじょはたくさんちょきんがあります). The word can also be used in compound phrases like '貯金箱 (ちょきんばこ)' (piggy bank) or '貯金通帳 (ちょきんつうちょう)' (savings passbook).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1893

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Good, Pride

Reading

Kanji

得Acquire 意Idea

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '得意 (とくい)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'good', referring to being skilled or proficient at something. For example: I am good at math「私は数学が得意です」(わたしはすうがくがとくいです). The second meaning is 'pride', referring to something one takes pride in or is proud of. For example: This dish is my pride「この料理は私の得意です」(このりょうりはわたしのとくいです). The word is often used to describe skills, abilities, or areas of expertise, and can also imply a sense of confidence or satisfaction in one's abilities.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1897

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Again

Reading

Kanji

改Reform

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '改めて (あらためて)' means 'again' or 'anew'. It is used to indicate that something is being done or considered again, often with a fresh perspective or renewed attention. This word is commonly used in formal or serious contexts, such as when reconsidering a decision or revisiting a topic. For example: I will think about it again「改めて考えます」(あらためてかんがえます). Let's discuss this again「改めて話し合いましょう」(あらためてはなしあいましょう). It can also imply a sense of formality or seriousness, as in '改めてお礼を申し上げます (あらためておれいをもうしあげます) (I would like to express my gratitude again formally).'

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1902

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sukiyaki

Reading

Kanji

焼Burn, Bake

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'すき焼き (すきやき)' refers to a traditional Japanese dish consisting of thinly sliced beef, vegetables, and tofu, cooked in a sweet and savory soy sauce-based broth. It is often enjoyed communally, with diners cooking the ingredients at the table. Example sentences: Let's eat sukiyaki tonight「今夜はすき焼きを食べましょう」(こんやはすきやきをたべましょう). Sukiyaki is a popular dish in Japan「すき焼きは日本で人気のある料理です」(すきやきはにほんでにんきのあるりょうりです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1903

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wife, Madam

Reading

Kanji

夫Man, Husband 人Person

Explanation

The Japanese noun '夫人 (ふじん)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'wife', specifically referring to someone's wife, often in a formal or respectful context. For example: the president's wife「大統領の夫人」(だいとうりょうのふじん). The second meaning is 'madam', used as a polite or formal way to address or refer to a woman, particularly one of high status. For example: Madam Tanaka is here「田中夫人がいらっしゃいます」(たなかふじんがいらっしゃいます). This term is often used in formal settings or when showing respect.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1914

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Walk

Reading

Kanji

散Scatter 歩Walk

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '散歩 (さんぽ)' means 'walk' or 'stroll'. It refers to the act of walking leisurely, often for relaxation, exercise, or enjoyment. This word is commonly used to describe a casual walk, such as taking a stroll in a park or around the neighborhood. For example: I took a walk in the park「公園で散歩しました」(こうえんでさんぽしました). Let's go for a walk「散歩に行きましょう」(さんぽにいきましょう). It can also be used to describe walking a pet, as in '犬の散歩 (いぬのさんぽ) (walking the dog)'. Note that '散歩' implies a relaxed and unhurried pace, unlike more purposeful walking like commuting or hiking.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1921

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Extremely

Reading

Kanji

極Extreme, Pole

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '極く (ごく)' means 'extremely' or 'very'. It is used to emphasize the degree or intensity of something. This word is often used in formal or written contexts and can modify adjectives or other adverbs. For example: This is extremely important「これは極く重要だ」(これはごくじゅうようだ). The problem is extremely simple「その問題は極く簡単だ」(そのもんだいはごくかんたんだ). Note that '極く' is less common in casual conversation and is typically replaced by words like 'とても' or 'すごく' in everyday speech.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1927

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Health

Reading

Kanji

健Healthy 康Healthy, Peaceful

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '健康 (けんこう)' means 'health'. It refers to the state of being physically and mentally well. It is often used to describe a person's condition or lifestyle. For example: maintaining good health is important「健康を保つことは大切です」(けんこうをたもつことはたいせつです). She is in good health「彼女は健康です」(かのじょはけんこうです). This word can also be used in compound nouns, such as '健康診断 (けんこうしんだん)' (health checkup).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1949

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cold

Reading

Kanji

冷Cold

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '冷たい (つめたい)' primarily means 'cold' and is used to describe something that has a low temperature, such as cold water or cold weather. It can also describe a person's attitude or behavior as being emotionally cold or distant. For example: The water is cold「水が冷たい」(みずがつめたい). She gave me a cold look「彼女は冷たい目をした」(かのじょはつめたいめをした). This word is commonly used in everyday conversations to describe both physical and emotional coldness.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1962

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mirror

Reading

Kanji

鏡Mirror

Explanation

The Japanese noun '鏡 (かがみ)' means 'mirror'. It refers to a reflective surface, typically made of glass with a metallic backing, used to see one's reflection. This word is commonly used in everyday contexts, such as looking at oneself or decorating a room. For example: I looked in the mirror「鏡を見た」(かがみをみた). The mirror is broken「鏡が壊れている」(かがみがこわれている). In Japanese culture, mirrors also hold symbolic significance, often representing truth or self-reflection.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1968

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Merely

Reading

Kanji

単Simple, Single

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '単に (たんに)' means 'merely' or 'simply'. It is used to indicate that something is done or exists in a straightforward, uncomplicated manner, without any additional factors or complexities. It often emphasizes the simplicity or minimal nature of an action or state. For example: He is merely a student「彼は単に学生です」(かれはたんにがくせいです). This is simply a misunderstanding「これは単に誤解です」(これはたんにごかいです). The word can also be used to downplay the significance of something, as in '単に興味があるだけ (たんにきょうみがあるだけ) (I am merely interested).'

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1970

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Most

Reading

Kanji

最Most

Explanation

The Japanese noun '最 (さい)' means 'most' and is often used as a prefix to indicate the highest degree or extreme of something. It is commonly used in compound words to emphasize the superlative form. For example: the most important「最重要」(さいじゅうよう). The best「最良」(さいりょう). It can also be used in phrases like 'the most beautiful'「最も美しい」(もっともうつくしい). Note that '最' is rarely used alone and is typically part of a compound word or phrase to convey the idea of being the utmost or extreme in a particular context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1972

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Museum

Reading

Kanji

博Extensive, Doctor 物Thing 館Building

Explanation

The Japanese noun '博物館 (はくぶつかん)' means 'museum'. It refers to a place where objects of historical, scientific, artistic, or cultural significance are stored and exhibited for public viewing. This word is commonly used in contexts related to education, tourism, and cultural activities. For example: I went to the museum yesterday「昨日、博物館に行きました」(きのう、はくぶつかんにいきました). The museum has many interesting exhibits「その博物館には面白い展示がたくさんあります」(そのはくぶつかんにはおもしろいてんじがたくさんあります). The word is often paired with specific types of museums, such as 'art museum' (美術館, びじゅつかん) or 'science museum' (科学博物館, かがくはくぶつかん).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1980

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Suddenly

Reading

Kanji

行Go 成Become

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '行成 (いきなり)' means 'suddenly' or 'all of a sudden'. It is used to describe an action or event that occurs without warning or preparation. This word is often used in casual conversation and can carry a nuance of surprise or abruptness. For example: He suddenly started running「彼はいきなり走り出した」(かれはいきなりはしりだした). She suddenly cried「彼女はいきなり泣き出した」(かのじょはいきなりなきだした). Note that 'いきなり' is typically used in situations where the action is unexpected or immediate, and it is not used to describe gradual changes.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1983

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Achievement, Result

Reading

Kanji

成Become 果Fruit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '成果 (せいか)' refers to the outcome or result of efforts, often implying a positive or successful achievement. It is commonly used in professional, academic, or personal contexts to describe tangible or measurable results. For example: The results of the project were impressive「プロジェクトの成果は素晴らしかった」(ぷろじぇくとのせいかはすばらしかった). His hard work led to great achievements「彼の努力は大きな成果をもたらした」(かれのどりょくはおおきなせいかをもたらした). Note that '成果' emphasizes the tangible or visible outcome of effort, distinguishing it from abstract concepts like 'effort' or 'process'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1989

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Regrettable

Reading

Kanji

残Remainder 念Thought

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '残念 (ざんねん)' means 'regrettable' or 'disappointing'. It is used to express a feeling of disappointment or regret about a situation, outcome, or event. This word is often used in contexts where something did not go as planned or when something unfortunate happens. For example: It's regrettable that the event was canceled「イベントが中止になって残念です」(イベントがちゅうしになってざんねんです). I'm disappointed that I couldn't meet you「会えなくて残念です」(あえなくてざんねんです). The word can also be used to politely express sympathy or disappointment on behalf of someone else, such as '残念ながら (ざんねんながら)', which means 'unfortunately'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1992

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Area

Reading

Kanji

辺Boundary, Vicinity

Explanation

The Japanese noun '辺 (へん)' refers to an area, vicinity, or neighborhood. It is often used to describe a general location or region without specifying exact boundaries. For example: This area is quiet「この辺は静かです」(このへんはしずかです). Is there a convenience store around here?「この辺にコンビニはありますか？」(このへんにコンビニはありますか？). It can also imply a rough or approximate location, such as 'around here' or 'somewhere in this area.' The word is versatile and commonly used in everyday conversation to refer to places or surroundings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2002

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

After, Hereafter

Reading

Kanji

以By means of 後After, Behind

Explanation

The Japanese noun '以後 (いご)' refers to a period of time starting from a specific point and continuing into the future. It is often used to indicate 'after' a particular event or time, or to mean 'hereafter' in a formal context. For example: After this incident, things changed「この事件以後、状況が変わった」(このじけんいご、じょうきょうがかわった). From now on, we will follow the new rules「以後、新しいルールに従います」(いご、あたらしいルールにしたがいます). The word is commonly used in both written and spoken Japanese, particularly in formal or official contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2010

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Military

Reading

Kanji

軍Army 事Thing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '軍事 (ぐんじ)' refers to matters related to the military or armed forces. It encompasses activities, strategies, and operations associated with warfare or defense. This term is often used in formal or official contexts. For example: The country strengthened its military「その国は軍事を強化した」(そのくにはぐんじをきょうかした). Military technology is advancing rapidly「軍事技術は急速に進歩している」(ぐんじぎじゅつはきゅうそくにしんぽしている). The term can also be used in compound words, such as '軍事力 (ぐんじりょく)' (military power) or '軍事基地 (ぐんじきち)' (military base).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2011

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bottom

Reading

Kanji

底Bottom

Explanation

The Japanese noun '底 (そこ)' means 'bottom'. This word is used to refer to the lowest part or base of something, such as a container, a body of water, or even abstract concepts like emotions. For example: the bottom of the sea「海の底」(うみのそこ). I hit rock bottom emotionally「感情の底に落ちた」(かんじょうのそこにおちた). It can also be used metaphorically to describe the lowest point of a situation or condition. For instance: the bottom of the economic recession「不況の底」(ふきょうのそこ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2015

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Beginning

Reading

Kanji

初Beginning, First

Explanation

The Japanese noun '初め (はじめ)' means 'beginning'. It refers to the start or commencement of something, such as an event, period, or process. This word is often used in contexts like the start of a new year, a project, or a relationship. For example: at the beginning of the year「年の初めに」(としのはじめに). Let's start from the beginning「初めから始めましょう」(はじめからはじめましょう). It can also imply the first time something is done, as in '初めまして (はじめまして)', which is a common greeting meaning 'Nice to meet you' or 'This is the first time we meet'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2018

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vice

Reading

Kanji

副Secondary

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '副 (ふく)' means 'vice' or 'deputy'. It is commonly used to denote a secondary or subordinate position, often in titles or roles. For example: vice president「副社長」(ふくしゃちょう). This prefix is typically attached to nouns to indicate a secondary role or position. Another example: vice minister「副大臣」(ふくだいじん). It is important to note that '副 (ふく)' is always used as a prefix and not as a standalone word.

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2022

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Need

Reading

Kanji

要Important, Need

Explanation

The Japanese verb '要る (いる)' means 'to need' or 'to require'. It is used to express necessity or requirement for something. This verb is often used in everyday conversation to indicate that something is necessary or indispensable. For example: I need money「お金が要る」(おかねがいる). Do you need help?「助けが要りますか？」(たすけがいりますか？). It is important to note that '要る' is typically used with the particle 'が' to indicate the object that is needed. This verb is distinct from '必要 (ひつよう)', which also means 'need' but is a noun and used in different grammatical structures.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2027

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sightseeing

Reading

Kanji

観View 光Light

Explanation

The Japanese noun '観光 (かんこう)' refers to 'sightseeing' or 'tourism'. It is commonly used to describe the activity of visiting places of interest, especially when traveling. This word is often associated with leisure travel and exploring new destinations. For example: We went sightseeing in Kyoto「私たちは京都で観光しました」(わたしたちはきょうとでかんこうしました). Sightseeing is popular in this area「この地域では観光が人気です」(このちいきではかんこうがにんきです). The term can also be used in compound words, such as '観光地 (かんこうち)' (tourist spot) or '観光客 (かんこうきゃく)' (tourist).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2039

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vegetable

Reading

Kanji

野Field 菜Vegetable

Explanation

The Japanese noun '野菜 (やさい)' means 'vegetable'. It refers to edible plants or parts of plants, typically used in cooking or eaten raw. This word is commonly used in everyday conversations, especially when discussing food, recipes, or healthy eating. For example: I bought vegetables at the market「市場で野菜を買いました」(いちばでやさいをかいました). Vegetables are good for your health「野菜は健康に良いです」(やさいはけんこうにいいです). The term can refer to a wide variety of vegetables, including leafy greens, root vegetables, and more. It is a neutral term and does not carry any particular nuance beyond its literal meaning.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2042

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Struggle, Battle

Reading

Kanji

戦Fight, War

Explanation

The Japanese noun '戦い (たたかい)' primarily means 'battle' or 'struggle'. It refers to a physical fight, such as a battle between armies, or a metaphorical struggle, such as a personal or internal conflict. For example: The battle was intense「戦いは激しかった」(たたかいははげしかった). He is fighting a struggle against illness「彼は病気との戦いをしている」(かれはびょうきとのたたかいをしている). The word can also be used in broader contexts, such as a 'struggle for survival' or a 'fight for justice'. It is important to note that '戦い' often carries a sense of effort and challenge, whether in a literal or figurative sense.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2075

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Heat, Fever

Reading

Kanji

熱Heat, Temperature

Explanation

The Japanese noun '熱 (ねつ)' can mean both 'heat' and 'fever', depending on the context. When referring to 'heat', it describes the physical property of high temperature, such as in the context of weather or objects. For example: The heat of the sun is strong today「今日は太陽の熱が強い」(きょうはたいようのねつがつよい). When referring to 'fever', it describes a medical condition where the body temperature is elevated. For example: I have a fever「熱があります」(ねつがあります). The word is versatile and its meaning is determined by the surrounding context. It is commonly used in both everyday conversation and medical settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2083

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Humankind

Reading

Kanji

人Person 類Kind, Type

Explanation

The Japanese noun '人類 (じんるい)' refers to 'humankind' or 'the human race' as a whole. It is used in contexts discussing humanity collectively, often in scientific, philosophical, or historical discussions. For example: The history of humankind is long「人類の歴史は長い」(じんるいのれきしはながい). Humankind has made great progress「人類は大きな進歩を遂げた」(じんるいはおおきなしんぽをとげた). This term is neutral and can be used in both formal and informal contexts, though it is more common in academic or serious discussions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2091

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bid

Reading

Kanji

入Enter 札Tag, Bill

Explanation

The Japanese noun '入札 (にゅうさつ)' refers to a 'bid' in the context of auctions, tenders, or competitive offers. It is commonly used in business, construction, or procurement settings where companies or individuals submit bids to win contracts or purchase items. For example: The company submitted a bid for the project「その会社はプロジェクトに入札した」(そのかいしゃはぷろじぇくとににゅうさつした). The winning bid was announced yesterday「入札の結果は昨日発表された」(にゅうさつのけっかはきのうはっぴょうされた). This term is specific to formal or competitive bidding processes and is not used in casual contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2096

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Early, Initial

Reading

Kanji

初Beginning, First 期Time, Period

Explanation

The Japanese noun '初期 (しょき)' refers to the early or initial stage of something, such as a period, process, or development. It is often used to describe the beginning phase of events, projects, or historical eras. For example: the early stages of the project「プロジェクトの初期」(ぷろじぇくとのしょき). In the initial phase of the war「戦争の初期」(せんそうのしょき). This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to emphasize the starting point or early period of a timeline.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2100

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Soviet Union

Reading

Kanji

連Take along

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun 'ソ連 (それん)' is an abbreviation for 'ソビエト連邦 (ソビエトれんぽう)', which translates to 'Soviet Union'. It refers to the former socialist state that existed from 1922 to 1991, encompassing much of Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. This term is commonly used in historical or political contexts. For example: The Soviet Union collapsed in 1991「ソ連は1991年に崩壊した」(それんは1991ねんにほうかいした). During the Cold War, the Soviet Union was a superpower「冷戦中、ソ連は超大国だった」(れいせんちゅう、それんはちょうたいこくだった).

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2104

Composition

kanji-katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Part, Separate

Reading

Kanji

別Separate

Explanation

The Japanese verb '別れる (わかれる)' primarily means 'to part' or 'to separate'. It is often used to describe the act of parting ways with someone, such as in a relationship, friendship, or even physically separating from a group. This verb can carry emotional weight, especially when used in the context of romantic relationships. For example: They decided to part ways「彼らは別れることに決めた」(かれらはわかれることにきめた). I had to separate from my friends at the station「駅で友達と別れなければならなかった」(えきでともだちとわかれなければならなかった). Note that this verb is distinct from '分かれる (わかれる)', which means 'to divide' or 'to split' in a more neutral or physical sense.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2125

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Spread, Be conveyed

Reading

Kanji

伝Transmit

Explanation

The Japanese verb '伝わる (つたわる)' primarily means 'to spread' or 'to be conveyed'. It is used to describe the transmission or dissemination of information, news, or cultural elements from one place or person to another. It can also refer to the way something is perceived or understood by others. For example: The news spread quickly「ニュースがすぐに伝わった」(ニュースがすぐにつたわった). The meaning of his words was conveyed clearly「彼の言葉の意味がはっきり伝わった」(かれのことばのいみがはっきりつたわった). This verb is often used in contexts involving communication, culture, or the flow of information.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2134

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Already, No longer

Reading

Kanji

最Most 早Early, Fast

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '最早 (もはや)' is used to express that a situation has already reached a certain point or that something is no longer the case. It often carries a nuance of finality or inevitability. For example: It's already too late「最早手遅れだ」(もはやておくれだ). He is no longer the person he used to be「最早彼は昔の彼ではない」(もはやかれはむかしのかれではない). This word is commonly used in formal or literary contexts and can convey a sense of resignation or conclusion.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2140

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Parcel

Reading

Kanji

小Small 包Wrap

Explanation

The Japanese noun '小包 (こづつみ)' refers to a 'parcel' or 'package', typically used for items sent through the mail or delivered to someone. It is commonly used in contexts involving shipping, receiving, or sending items. For example: I received a parcel from my friend「友達から小包が届きました」(ともだちからこづつみがとどきました). Please send this parcel to the address「この小包をこの住所に送ってください」(このこづつみをこのじゅうしょにおくってください). The word is neutral and can refer to packages of any size, though it often implies something smaller or more personal than larger freight or cargo.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2146

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Status

Reading

Kanji

地Ground 位Rank

Explanation

The Japanese noun '地位 (ちい)' refers to one's social or professional position, rank, or status. It is often used to describe someone's standing in society, an organization, or a hierarchy. For example: He has a high status in the company「彼は会社で高い地位を持っている」(かれはかいしゃでたかいちいをもっている). She lost her status after the scandal「彼女はスキャンダルの後、地位を失った」(かのじょはすきゃんだるのあと、ちいをうしなった). This word is commonly used in formal or professional contexts to discuss one's role or standing.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2148

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Come, Go

Reading

Kanji

参Participate

Explanation

The Japanese verb '参る (まいる)' is a humble form of '行く (いく)' (to go) or '来る (くる)' (to come). It is used to express the speaker's movement to or from a place in a respectful or humble manner, often when referring to oneself in relation to someone of higher status. For example: I will go to the temple「お寺に参ります」(おてらにまいります). He came to the meeting「彼は会議に参りました」(かれはかいぎにまいりました). Additionally, '参る' can also mean to be overwhelmed or defeated, as in: I am at my limit「参りました」(まいりました). This usage conveys a sense of surrender or being overcome by a situation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2153

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Not yet

Reading

Kanji

未Not yet

Explanation

The Japanese noun '未 (み)' means 'not yet' or 'still not'. It is often used to indicate that something has not yet happened or been completed. This word is commonly used in compound words or phrases to express the idea of something being incomplete or pending. For example: The project is not yet finished「プロジェクトは未完了です」(ぷろじぇくとはみかんりょうです). He has not yet arrived「彼は未到着です」(かれはみとうちゃくです). The word '未' can also be used in more abstract contexts, such as '未解決 (みかいけつ)' meaning 'unresolved' or '未確認 (みかくにん)' meaning 'unconfirmed'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2163

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Announce, Tell

Reading

Kanji

告Announce

Explanation

The Japanese verb '告げる (つげる)' primarily means 'to tell' or 'to announce'. It is used to convey information, often in a formal or serious manner. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as announcing news, declaring something, or informing someone about an important matter. For example: He announced the results「彼は結果を告げた」(かれはけっかをつげた). The bell signaled the end of class「ベルが授業の終わりを告げた」(ベルがじゅぎょうのおわりをつげた). It is important to note that '告げる' often carries a sense of formality or gravity, making it suitable for serious or official announcements.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2165

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Group

Reading

Kanji

連Take along 中Center

Explanation

The Japanese noun '連中 (れんじゅう)' refers to a group of people, often with a slightly informal or colloquial tone. It can be used to describe a group of individuals, such as friends, colleagues, or even a crowd, but it sometimes carries a nuance of referring to people in a slightly dismissive or casual manner. For example: That group is always noisy「あの連中はいつもうるさい」(あのれんじゅうはいつもうるさい). I don't trust those people「あの連中は信用できない」(あのれんじゅうはしんようできない). The term is commonly used in everyday conversation but may not be suitable for formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2219

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Future

Reading

Kanji

未Not yet 来Come

Explanation

The Japanese noun '未来 (みらい)' means 'future'. It refers to the time that is yet to come or events that will happen after the present. This word is commonly used in various contexts, such as discussing future plans, predictions, or aspirations. For example: I am excited about the future「未来が楽しみです」(みらいがたのしみです). The future is full of possibilities「未来は可能性に満ちている」(みらいはかのうせいにみちている). It can also be used in more abstract or philosophical discussions about the future of humanity or technology.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2228

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Salt

Reading

Kanji

塩Salt

Explanation

The Japanese noun '塩 (しお)' means 'salt'. This word refers to the common seasoning used in cooking and food preparation. It can also be used metaphorically to describe something essential or fundamental. For example: please pass the salt「塩を取ってください」(しおをとってください). Salt is essential for cooking「塩は料理に欠かせない」(しおはりょうりにかかせない). In Japanese culture, salt is sometimes used in purification rituals, such as sprinkling salt at the entrance of a home to ward off evil spirits.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2239

Composition

kanji

Handwriting