Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Kanji School Grade

word

Meaning

Salary

Reading

Kanji

月Moon, Month 給Supply, Salary

Explanation

The Japanese noun '月給 (げっきゅう)' refers to a monthly salary or wage. It is commonly used in professional and business contexts to describe the fixed amount of money an employee receives each month for their work. For example: His salary is high「彼の月給は高い」(かれのげっきゅうはたかい). I receive my salary at the end of the month「月末に月給をもらいます」(げつまつにげっきゅうをもらいます). The term is often used in formal settings and is distinct from other forms of payment like hourly wages or bonuses.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3685

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hourly wage

Reading

Kanji

時Time, Hour 給Supply, Salary

Explanation

The Japanese noun '時給 (じきゅう)' refers to 'hourly wage', which is the amount of money paid to an employee for each hour of work. This term is commonly used in part-time or temporary job contexts where payment is calculated based on the number of hours worked. For example: My hourly wage is 1000 yen「私の時給は1000円です」(わたしのじきゅうはせんえんです). The hourly wage at that store is high「あの店の時給は高いです」(あのみせのじきゅうはたかいです). It's important to note that '時給' is often used in job advertisements or when discussing employment terms.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3687

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

People

Reading

Kanji

人Person 民People, Nation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '人民 (じんみん)' refers to 'the people' or 'the populace' in a general sense, often used in political or social contexts. It emphasizes the collective group of individuals within a society or nation. This term is commonly used in formal or historical contexts, such as discussing the rights, struggles, or governance of a population. For example: The people rose up against the government「人民が政府に対して立ち上がった」(じんみんがせいふにたいしてたちあがった). The welfare of the people is important「人民の福祉は重要だ」(じんみんのふくしはじゅうようだ). Note that this term can carry a slightly formal or ideological tone, often seen in political discourse or historical texts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3688

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Victory

Reading

Kanji

勝Victory 利Profit, Advantage

Explanation

The Japanese noun '勝利 (しょうり)' means 'victory'. It is used to describe the act of winning or achieving success in a competition, battle, or any challenging situation. This word is often used in contexts such as sports, games, or conflicts. For example: The team achieved victory「チームは勝利を収めた」(チームはしょうりをおさめた). Victory is near「勝利は近い」(しょうりはちかい). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe overcoming personal struggles or challenges.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3693

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

House of Councilors

Reading

Kanji

参Participate 議Deliberation 院Institution

Explanation

The Japanese noun '参議院 (さんぎいん)' refers to the 'House of Councilors,' which is the upper house of the National Diet of Japan. It is one of the two houses in the Japanese legislative system, along with the House of Representatives (衆議院, しゅうぎいん). The House of Councillors plays a key role in passing laws and overseeing the government. Example: Members of the House of Councillors are directly elected by the people 「参議院の議員は国民によって直接選ばれる」 (さんぎいんのぎいんはこくみんによってちょくせつえらばれる). The House of Councillors has 242 seats 「参議院は242議席ある」 (さんぎいんは242ぎせきある).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3697

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Visit

Reading

Kanji

参Participate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'お参り (おまいり)' refers to the act of visiting a shrine, temple, or grave, often for the purpose of paying respects, praying, or making offerings. It is commonly used in the context of religious or spiritual practices. For example: I will visit the shrine「お寺にお参りします」(おてらにおまいりします). We visited the grave during Obon「お盆にお墓にお参りしました」(おぼんにおはかにおまいりしました). The term carries a respectful tone and is often associated with traditional customs and rituals.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3698

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reference book

Reading

Kanji

参Participate 考Think, Consider 書Write

Explanation

The Japanese noun '参考書 (さんこうしょ)' means 'reference book'. This term is commonly used to describe books that provide detailed information or guidance on a specific subject, often used for study or research purposes. For example: I bought a reference book for the exam「試験のために参考書を買いました」(しけんのためにさんこうしょをかいました). This reference book is very useful「この参考書はとても役に立ちます」(このさんこうしょはとてもやくにたちます). It's important to note that '参考書' is often used in academic or professional contexts, where detailed and reliable information is required.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3699

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Weapon

Reading

Kanji

兵Soldier 器Vessel

Explanation

The Japanese noun '兵器 (へいき)' refers to 'weapon' or 'armament'. It is commonly used to describe tools or devices designed for combat or warfare, such as guns, missiles, or tanks. This term can also be used in a broader sense to include any equipment or technology used in military contexts. For example: The country developed new weapons「その国は新しい兵器を開発した」(そのくにはあたらしいへいきをかいはつした). Modern weapons are highly advanced「現代の兵器は非常に進んでいる」(げんだいのへいきはひじょうにすすんでいる). The word can also appear in compound terms like '核兵器 (かくへいき)' (nuclear weapons) or '生物兵器 (せいぶつへいき)' (biological weapons).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3712

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Weather

Reading

Kanji

気Spirit 象Elephant, Phenomenon

Explanation

The Japanese noun '気象 (きしょう)' refers to 'weather' or 'meteorological phenomena'. It is commonly used in contexts related to weather forecasts, climate studies, or atmospheric conditions. For example: The weather forecast is accurate「気象予報は正確です」(きしょうよほうはせいかくです). The study of weather is fascinating「気象の研究は魅力的です」(きしょうのけんきゅうはみりょくてきです). This word is often used in scientific or formal contexts, such as '気象庁 (きしょうちょう)' (Japan Meteorological Agency).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3725

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Flood

Reading

Kanji

水Water 害Harm

Explanation

The Japanese noun '水害 (すいがい)' refers to 'flood' or 'flood damage'. It is used to describe the damage or disaster caused by excessive water, typically due to heavy rainfall, overflowing rivers, or other water-related events. This term is often used in news reports, weather forecasts, and discussions about natural disasters. For example: The town suffered from a flood「その町は水害にあった」(そのまちはすいがいにあった). Flood damage was severe this year「今年の水害はひどかった」(ことしのすいがいはひどかった). The term emphasizes the destructive impact of water, rather than the water itself.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3745

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Harm

Reading

Kanji

害Harm

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '害 (がい)' means 'harm' or 'damage'. It is used to describe negative effects or consequences caused by something. This word is often used in contexts related to health, environment, or moral issues. For example: smoking causes harm to health「喫煙は健康に害がある」(きつえんはけんこうにがいがある). Pollution harms the environment「公害は環境に害を及ぼす」(こうがいはかんきょうにがいをおよぼす). The word can also be used in compound words like '公害 (こうがい)' (pollution) or '害虫 (がいちゅう)' (harmful insect).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3749

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rescue

Reading

Kanji

救Rescue 助Help

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '救助 (きゅうじょ)' means 'rescue'. It refers to the act of saving someone from danger, distress, or harm. This term is often used in contexts involving emergencies, such as natural disasters, accidents, or life-threatening situations. For example: The rescue team arrived quickly「救助隊がすぐに到着した」(きゅうじょたいがすぐにとうちゃくした). They provided rescue to the victims「彼らは被害者に救助を提供した」(かれらはひがいしゃにきゅうじょをていきょうした). The word can also be used in a broader sense to describe helping someone in need, but it is most commonly associated with urgent or critical situations.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3756

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pipe, Tube

Reading

Kanji

管Pipe

Explanation

The Japanese noun '管 (かん)' refers to a cylindrical object used to convey liquids, gases, or other substances. It can mean 'pipe' or 'tube' depending on the context. This word is commonly used in technical, industrial, or everyday settings. For example: water flows through the pipe「水が管を通る」(みずがかんをとおる). The air tube is clogged「空気の管が詰まっている」(くうきのかんがつまっている). Note that '管' can also metaphorically refer to something that channels or directs, such as in 'information pipeline'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3767

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Suicide

Reading

Kanji

自Self 殺Kill

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '自殺 (じさつ)' means 'suicide'. It refers to the act of intentionally causing one's own death. This word is often used in serious or sensitive contexts, such as discussions about mental health, societal issues, or personal tragedies. For example: suicide is a serious problem「自殺は深刻な問題です」(じさつはしんこくなもんだいです). He committed suicide「彼は自殺した」(かれはじさつした). The term can also appear in compound words, such as '自殺防止 (じさつぼうし)' (suicide prevention). It is important to approach this word with care due to its sensitive nature.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3773

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Technique

Reading

Kanji

手Hand 法Law, Method

Explanation

The Japanese noun '手法 (しゅほう)' refers to a method, technique, or approach used to achieve something. It is often used in contexts related to art, craftsmanship, problem-solving, or strategy. For example: This artist's technique is unique「このアーティストの手法は独特だ」(このアーティストのしゅほうはどくとくだ). We need a new approach to solve this problem「この問題を解決するには新しい手法が必要だ」(このもんだいをかいけつするにはあたらしいしゅほうがひつようだ). The word emphasizes the systematic or skillful nature of the method being described.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3779

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Death in battle

Reading

Kanji

戦Fight, War 死Death

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '戦死 (せんし)' refers to 'death in battle'. It is used to describe the act of dying during combat or war. This term is often used in historical or military contexts. For example: He died in battle「彼は戦死した」(かれはせんしした). Many soldiers died in battle「多くの兵士が戦死した」(おおくのへいしがせんしした). The term carries a solemn and respectful tone, often used to honor those who lost their lives in conflict.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3781

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Confession

Reading

Kanji

告Announce 白White

Explanation

The Japanese noun '告白 (こくはく)' means 'confession'. It is commonly used to describe the act of confessing one's feelings, such as love, guilt, or a secret. This word is often used in romantic contexts, where someone confesses their love to another person. For example: He made a confession of love to her「彼は彼女に愛の告白をした」(かれはかのじょにあいのこくはくをした). She confessed her feelings to him「彼女は彼に自分の気持ちを告白した」(かのじょはかれにじぶんのきもちをこくはくした). The word can also be used in other contexts, such as confessing a crime or a mistake, but it is most frequently associated with romantic confessions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3783

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pine

Reading

Kanji

松Pine

Explanation

The Japanese noun '松 (まつ)' refers to a 'pine tree'. Pine trees are evergreen conifers and hold significant cultural and symbolic value in Japan, often associated with longevity and steadfastness. They are commonly found in Japanese gardens and are a popular motif in art and literature. Example sentences: The pine tree is tall「松の木は高い」(まつのきはたかい). We planted a pine tree in the garden「庭に松を植えた」(にわにまつをうえた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3790

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Typical, Archetype

Reading

Kanji

典Code, Rule 型Model, Type

Explanation

The Japanese noun '典型 (てんけい)' refers to something that is representative or characteristic of a particular type, category, or group. It can mean 'typical' when describing something that embodies the usual qualities of a group, or 'archetype' when referring to a perfect example or model of something. For example: He is a typical example of a hardworking student「彼は勤勉な学生の典型だ」(かれはきんべんながくせいのてんけいだ). This story is an archetype of Japanese folklore「この物語は日本の民話の典型です」(このものがたりはにほんのみんわのてんけいです). The word is often used in formal or academic contexts to describe something that perfectly represents a category or idea.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3802

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stomach

Reading

Kanji

胃Stomach

Explanation

The Japanese noun '胃 (い)' refers to the stomach, the organ in the body that digests food. It is commonly used in medical, anatomical, and everyday contexts. For example: My stomach hurts「胃が痛い」(いがいたい). He has a strong stomach「彼は胃が強い」(かれはいがつよい). The word can also appear in compound terms like '胃腸 (いちょう)' (stomach and intestines) or '胃炎 (いえん)' (gastritis).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3808

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Area

Reading

Kanji

面Face, Surface 積Accumulate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '面積 (めんせき)' refers to the 'area' of a surface or a two-dimensional space. It is commonly used in mathematical, geographical, and everyday contexts to describe the size of a space, such as land, rooms, or objects. For example: The area of this room is 20 square meters「この部屋の面積は20平方メートルです」(このへやのめんせきは20へいほうメートルです). The area of the park is large「公園の面積は広いです」(こうえんのめんせきはひろいです). This word is often used in technical or formal contexts, but it can also appear in casual conversations when discussing space or size.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3816

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Philosophy

Reading

Kanji

理Reason 念Thought

Explanation

The Japanese noun '理念 (りねん)' refers to a fundamental principle, ideal, or philosophy that serves as the guiding belief or concept behind something. It is often used in formal or academic contexts to describe the core values or theoretical foundation of an organization, system, or ideology. For example: The company's philosophy is based on sustainability「その会社の理念は持続可能性に基づいている」(そのかいしゃのりねんはじぞくかのうせいにもとづいている). The educational philosophy emphasizes creativity「その教育理念は創造性を重視している」(そのきょういくりねんはそうぞうせいをじゅうししている). This word is commonly used in discussions about ethics, governance, or long-term visions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3826

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cool

Reading

Kanji

冷Cold

Explanation

The Japanese verb '冷ます (さます)' means 'to cool'. This verb is used when referring to the action of reducing the temperature of something, typically food or drinks, to make it suitable for consumption or handling. It can also be used metaphorically to describe cooling down emotions or situations. For example: I cooled the tea「お茶を冷ました」(おちゃをさました). She cooled her anger「彼女は怒りを冷ました」(かのじょはおこりをさました). Note that '冷ます' is a transitive verb, meaning it requires a direct object to indicate what is being cooled.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3836

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Colonization

Reading

Kanji

植Plant 民People, Nation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '植民 (しょくみん)' refers to the act or process of establishing a colony or colonies. It is often used in historical or political contexts to describe the settlement and control of one country or territory by another. For example: The colonization of America by Europeans「ヨーロッパ人によるアメリカの植民」(よーろっぱじんによるあめりかのしょくみん). Japan's colonization of Korea in the early 20th century「20世紀初頭の日本による朝鮮の植民」(にじゅっせいきしょとうのにほんによるちょうせんのしょくみん). This term is typically used in formal or academic discussions and carries a neutral to negative connotation depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3843

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Public, Official

Reading

Kanji

公Public 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '公的 (こうてき)' refers to something related to the public or official matters. It is often used to describe actions, organizations, or systems that are connected to the government, public institutions, or formal procedures. For example: public funding「公的な資金」(こうてきなしきん). This is an official document「これは公的な書類です」(これはこうてきなしょるいです). The word can also imply a sense of formality or legitimacy, as in '公的な立場 (こうてきなたちば) (official position)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3854

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Contrast

Reading

Kanji

対Against 照Shine, Illuminate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '対照 (たいしょう)' means 'contrast'. It refers to the state of being strikingly different from something else, typically in a way that highlights their differences. This word is often used in contexts where two or more things are compared to emphasize their dissimilarities. For example: the contrast between light and dark「光と闇の対照」(ひかりとやみのたいしょう). The contrast between the two cultures is striking「二つの文化の対照は際立っている」(ふたつのぶんかのたいしょうはきわだっている). It can also be used in more abstract contexts, such as contrasting ideas or theories.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3857

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Suddenness

Reading

Kanji

不Not 意Idea

Explanation

The Japanese noun '不意 (ふい)' refers to something happening suddenly or unexpectedly. It is often used to describe events or actions that catch someone off guard. For example: He was taken by surprise「彼は不意をつかれた」(かれはふいをつかれた). The suddenness of the storm surprised everyone「嵐の不意さに皆驚いた」(あらしのふいさにみなおどろいた). This word is commonly used in contexts where the unexpected nature of an event is emphasized.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3859

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Observation

Reading

Kanji

観View 察Guess

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '観察 (かんさつ)' means 'observation'. It refers to the act of carefully watching or examining something, often to gain information or understanding. This word is commonly used in scientific, educational, or everyday contexts. For example: careful observation is important in science「科学では注意深い観察が重要だ」(かがくではちゅういぶかいかんさつがじゅうようだ). I observed the behavior of birds「鳥の行動を観察した」(とりのこうどうをかんさつした). The word can also imply a systematic or detailed examination, as in '観察力 (かんさつりょく) (power of observation)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3865

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Appearance

Reading

Kanji

外Outside 観View

Explanation

The Japanese noun '外観 (がいかん)' refers to the external appearance or outward look of something, such as a building, object, or even a person. It is often used to describe the visual impression or facade of something. For example: The appearance of the building is modern「その建物の外観はモダンです」(そのたてもののがいかんはモダンです). She pays great attention to her appearance「彼女は外観に非常に気を遣います」(かのじょはがいかんにひじょうにきをつかいます). This word is commonly used in contexts related to design, architecture, or personal presentation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3866

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Objective

Reading

Kanji

客Guest, Customer 観View 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '客観的 (きゃっかんてき)' means 'objective'. It is used to describe something that is based on facts, evidence, or observations rather than personal feelings, opinions, or interpretations. This term is often used in academic, scientific, or analytical contexts to emphasize neutrality and impartiality. For example: He gave an objective analysis of the situation「彼は状況を客観的に分析した」(かれはじょうきょうをきゃっかんてきにぶんせきした). It's important to maintain an objective perspective「客観的な視点を保つことが重要だ」(きゃっかんてきなしてんをたもつことがじゅうようだ). The adjective is commonly used to modify nouns, such as '客観的な事実 (きゃっかんてきなじじつ) (objective fact)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3872

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Subjective

Reading

Kanji

主Master 観View 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '主観的 (しゅかんてき)' means 'subjective'. It is used to describe something that is based on personal opinions, feelings, or perspectives rather than on objective facts. This term is often used in discussions about art, philosophy, or personal experiences. For example: His opinion is very subjective「彼の意見はとても主観的だ」(かれのいけんはとてもしゅかんてきだ). This painting is subjective「この絵は主観的だ」(このえはしゅかんてきだ). The adjective can also be used to describe a person's viewpoint or interpretation of events, emphasizing that it is influenced by their individual perspective.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3873

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Follower

Reading

Kanji

徒Follower, Junior

Explanation

The Japanese noun '徒 (と)' means 'follower' or 'disciple'. It is often used to refer to someone who follows a particular person, group, or ideology. This term can carry a neutral or slightly negative connotation depending on the context, implying blind adherence or lack of independent thought. Example sentences: He is a follower of that philosophy「彼はその哲学の徒だ」(かれはそのてつがくのとだ). The followers of the cult were devoted「そのカルトの徒は熱心だった」(そのカルトのとはねっしんだった). Note that '徒' can also appear in compound words, such as '信徒 (しんと)' (believer) or '学徒 (がくと)' (student).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3886

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Enthusiastic

Reading

Kanji

熱Heat, Temperature 心Heart

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '熱心 (ねっしん)' means 'enthusiastic' or 'zealous'. It describes someone who is deeply committed, passionate, or earnest about something. This word is often used to describe a person's attitude or approach toward a task, hobby, or goal. For example: He is enthusiastic about studying「彼は勉強に熱心だ」(かれはべんきょうにねっしんだ). She is passionate about her work「彼女は仕事に熱心です」(かのじょはしごとにねっしんです). The word can also be used to describe a group or organization that is dedicated to a cause, such as '熱心なボランティア (ねっしんなぼらんてぃあ)' (enthusiastic volunteers).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3891

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Academic background

Reading

Kanji

学Learn 歴Curriculum, Continuation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '学歴 (がくれき)' refers to a person's academic background or educational history. It is commonly used in contexts such as job applications, resumes, or discussions about someone's qualifications. For example: His academic background is impressive「彼の学歴はすごい」(かれのがくれきはすごい). The company values academic background「その会社は学歴を重視する」(そのかいしゃはがくれきをじゅうしする). It is important to note that '学歴' specifically refers to formal education, such as degrees or schools attended, rather than informal learning or skills.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3915

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Meal

Reading

Kanji

飯Cooked rice, Food

Explanation

The Japanese noun '飯 (めし)' primarily means 'meal' or 'cooked rice'. It is a casual and somewhat colloquial term often used in everyday conversation. While it can refer to a meal in general, it is also specifically used to denote cooked rice, which is a staple of Japanese cuisine. For example: Let's eat a meal「飯を食べよう」(めしをたべよう). This rice is delicious「この飯は美味しい」(このめしはおいしい). The word can carry a slightly rough or masculine tone, so it is more commonly used among friends or in informal settings rather than in polite or formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3919

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Legal

Reading

Kanji

法Law, Method 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '法的 (ほうてき)' means 'legal' or 'related to law'. It is used to describe something that pertains to the law or has a legal basis. This term is often used in formal or technical contexts, such as legal documents, discussions about regulations, or when referring to legal procedures. For example: legal measures「法的措置」(ほうてきそち). This is a legal requirement「これは法的な要件です」(これはほうてきなようけんです). The term can also be used to describe actions or decisions that are made in accordance with the law, such as '法的に正しい (ほうてきにただしい) (legally correct)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3922

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rank, About

Reading

Kanji

位Rank

Explanation

The Japanese noun '位 (くらい)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'rank', referring to a position or status within a hierarchy. For example: he holds a high rank「彼は高い位にある」(かれはたかいくらいにある). The second meaning is 'about', used to indicate an approximate amount or degree. For example: it's about 10 kilometers「10キロくらいです」(じゅっキロくらいです). The context usually makes it clear which meaning is intended. When used to mean 'about', it often follows a quantity or measurement.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3936

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lap

Reading

Kanji

一One 周Circumference

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '一周 (いっしゅう)' primarily means 'lap' or 'one full circuit'. It is commonly used in contexts involving physical movement around a track, path, or any circular route. For example: I ran one lap around the park「公園を一周走った」(こうえんをいっしゅうはしった). The Earth completes one orbit around the Sun in a year「地球は一年で太陽を一周する」(ちきゅうはいちねんでたいようをいっしゅうする). This term can also be used metaphorically to describe completing a cycle or full rotation in various contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3938

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Countries

Reading

Kanji

各Each 国Country

Explanation

The Japanese noun '各国 (かっこく)' means 'countries'. It refers to multiple nations or states collectively. This term is often used in contexts discussing international relations, policies, or comparisons between different nations. For example: The policies vary by country「各国の政策は異なる」(かっこくのせいさくはことなる). Representatives from various countries attended the conference「各国の代表者が会議に出席した」(かっこくのだいひょうしゃがかいぎにしゅっせきした).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3941

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

England

Reading

Kanji

英England, Distinguished

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun '英 (えい)' primarily refers to 'England' or things related to England. It is often used in compound words to denote something of English origin or related to the English language. For example: English language「英語」(えいご). British person「英国人」(えいこくじん). It can also be part of names, such as '英子 (えいこ)', a common female given name. Note that while '英' can sometimes be used in other contexts, its primary and most common usage is in reference to England or English-related concepts.

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3943

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Passive

Reading

Kanji

消Extinguish 極Extreme, Pole 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '消極的 (しょうきょくてき)' means 'passive'. It describes a lack of active involvement or initiative, often implying reluctance or hesitation to take action. This word is commonly used to describe behavior, attitudes, or approaches. For example: he has a passive attitude「彼は消極的な態度だ」(かれはしょうきょくてきなたいどだ). Her response was passive「彼女の反応は消極的だった」(かのじょのはんのうはしょうきょくてきだった). The term can also be used in contexts like '消極的な性格 (しょうきょくてきなせいかく)' (passive personality) or '消極的な選択 (しょうきょくてきなせんたく)' (passive choice).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3952

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Awkward, Unappetizing

Reading

Kanji

不Not 味Flavor

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '不味い (まずい)' has two distinct meanings. The first and most common meaning is 'unappetizing' or 'bad-tasting', used to describe food or drink that does not taste good. For example: this soup is unappetizing「このスープはまずい」(このスープはまずい). The second meaning is 'awkward' or 'troublesome', often used to describe a situation that is difficult or uncomfortable. For example: this situation is awkward「この状況はまずい」(このじょうきょうはまずい). Note that the second meaning is more colloquial and context-dependent.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3954

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Foreign currency

Reading

Kanji

外Outside 貨Goods, Freight

Explanation

The Japanese noun '外貨 (がいか)' refers to 'foreign currency'. It is commonly used in contexts related to finance, travel, or international trade. For example: I exchanged yen for foreign currency「円を外貨に両替した」(えんをがいかにりょうがえした). The company holds foreign currency reserves「その会社は外貨準備を持っている」(そのかいしゃはがいかじゅんびをもっている). This term is essential when discussing exchange rates, international transactions, or travel preparations involving currency exchange.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3959

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wheel

Reading

Kanji

車Car 輪Wheel, Ring

Explanation

The Japanese noun '車輪 (しゃりん)' means 'wheel'. It refers to the circular component that rotates on an axle and is used in vehicles, machinery, or other objects to enable movement. This word is commonly used in contexts related to transportation, mechanics, or everyday objects. For example: The wheel of the car is broken「車の車輪が壊れている」(くるまのしゃりんがこわれている). The bicycle has two wheels「自転車には車輪が二つある」(じてんしゃにはしゃりんがふたつある). Note that '車輪' is a compound word combining '車' (vehicle) and '輪' (ring/circle), emphasizing its connection to vehicles and circular motion.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3961

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Relation

Reading

Kanji

関Barrier, Related

Explanation

The Japanese noun '関わり (かかわり)' means 'relation' or 'involvement'. It refers to a connection or association between people, things, or events. This word is often used to describe how one thing affects or is connected to another. For example: the relation between diet and health「食事と健康の関わり」(しょくじとけんこうのかかわり). His involvement in the project was significant「彼のプロジェクトへの関わりは大きかった」(かれのプロジェクトへのかかわりはおおきかった). The nuance of this word often implies a deeper or more meaningful connection rather than a superficial one.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3969

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Temperate

Reading

Kanji

温Warm 帯Belt, Wear

Explanation

The Japanese noun '温帯 (おんたい)' refers to the 'temperate zone' or 'temperate region'. It is a geographical term used to describe the climate zone located between the tropics and the polar regions, characterized by moderate temperatures and distinct seasons. For example: Japan is located in the temperate zone「日本は温帯に位置している」(にほんはおんたいにいちしている). The temperate zone has four seasons「温帯には四季がある」(おんたいにはしきがある). This term is often used in discussions about climate, geography, and ecology.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3971

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Republic

Reading

Kanji

共Together 和Peace

Explanation

The Japanese noun '共和 (きょうわ)' means 'republic'. It refers to a form of government where power is held by the people and their elected representatives, rather than a monarch. This term is often used in political or historical contexts. For example: France is a republic「フランスは共和制です」(フランスはきょうわせいです). The republic was established after the revolution「革命の後、共和制が確立された」(かくめいのあと、きょうわせいがかくりつされた). The word can also appear in compound terms like '共和国 (きょうわこく)' meaning 'republic' as in the name of a country.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3990

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Calm

Reading

Kanji

静Quiet

Explanation

The Japanese verb '静まる (しずまる)' means 'to calm down' or 'to become quiet'. It is used to describe a situation, place, or person becoming calm or quiet after a period of noise, activity, or disturbance. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as describing the calming of a storm, the quieting of a crowd, or the settling of emotions. For example: The storm has calmed down「嵐が静まった」(あらしがしずまった). The room became quiet after the teacher entered「先生が入ってきて、部屋が静まった」(せんせいがはいってきて、へやがしずまった). It is important to note that '静まる' often implies a natural or gradual process of becoming calm or quiet.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3993

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Classic

Reading

Kanji

古Old 典Code, Rule

Explanation

The Japanese noun '古典 (こてん)' refers to something that is considered a classic, often in the context of literature, art, or music. It can denote works that have stood the test of time and are regarded as having significant historical or cultural value. For example: I enjoy reading classics「私は古典を読むのが好きです」(わたしはこてんをよむのがすきです). This museum has a collection of classical art「この美術館は古典美術のコレクションがあります」(このびじゅつかんはこてんびじゅつのコレクションがあります). The term can also be used more broadly to refer to traditional or ancient things in various fields.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4000

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Trillion, Sign

Reading

Kanji

兆Omen, Trillion

Explanation

The Japanese noun '兆 (ちょう)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'sign', referring to an indication or omen of something that might happen in the future. For example: there are signs of rain「雨の兆がある」(あめのちょうがある). The second meaning is 'trillion', used in the context of numbers. For example: the national debt is over 100 trillion yen「国の借金は100兆円を超えている」(くにのしゃっきんはひゃくちょうえんをこえている). It's important to note that '兆' as 'trillion' is used in the Japanese numbering system, which differs from the Western system where 'trillion' represents a different numerical value.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4010

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Printing

Reading

Kanji

印Mark, Seal 刷Printing

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '印刷 (いんさつ)' means 'printing'. It refers to the process of producing text and images, typically with ink on paper, using a printing press or other methods. This term is commonly used in contexts related to publishing, office work, and manufacturing. For example: I will do the printing tomorrow「明日印刷をします」(あしたいんさつをします). This book is out of print「この本は絶版です」(このほんはぜっぱんです). Note that '印刷' can also be used in compound words, such as '印刷機 (いんさつき)' (printing machine) or '印刷物 (いんさつぶつ)' (printed matter).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4012

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Last night

Reading

Kanji

昨Yesterday, Previous 夜Night

Explanation

The Japanese noun '昨夜 (さくや)' refers to 'last night' or 'yesterday night'. It is used to indicate the night of the previous day. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to refer to events or actions that occurred during the night before the current day. For example: I went to bed late last night「昨夜は遅く寝ました」(さくやはおそくねました). It rained last night「昨夜は雨が降りました」(さくやはあめがふりました). The word '昨夜' is often used in conversation and writing to specify the time frame of past events.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4023

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Built

Reading

Kanji

建Build

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '建て (だて)' is used to indicate the way something is built or constructed. It is often attached to nouns to describe the type of construction or the material used in building something. For example: a wooden house「木造建ての家」(もくぞうだてのいえ). This building is steel-framed「この建物は鉄骨建てです」(このたてものはてっこつだてです). The suffix can also be used to specify the number of floors in a building, such as in 'three-story building'「三階建ての建物」(さんかいだてのたてもの). It is a versatile suffix that provides specific information about the construction or structure of an object or building.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4026

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Proactive

Reading

Kanji

積Accumulate 極Extreme, Pole 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '積極的 (せっきょくてき)' means 'proactive'. It describes someone who takes initiative or acts with enthusiasm and assertiveness. This word is often used in contexts involving work, studies, or personal development to describe a positive and forward-thinking attitude. For example: He is proactive in his work「彼は仕事で積極的です」(かれはしごとでせっきょくてきです). She joined the project with a proactive attitude「彼女は積極的な態度でプロジェクトに参加しました」(かのじょはせっきょくてきなたいどでぷろじぇくとにさんかしました). The word can also imply a willingness to take risks or embrace challenges.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4027

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Zone

Reading

Kanji

地Ground 帯Belt, Wear

Explanation

The Japanese noun '地帯 (ちたい)' refers to a 'zone' or 'area', typically used to describe a specific region or section that is distinguished by particular characteristics. This term is often used in geographical, environmental, or military contexts. For example: This is a dangerous zone「これは危険な地帯です」(これはきけんなちたいです). The tropical zone has a lot of biodiversity「熱帯地帯は生物多様性が豊かです」(ねったいちたいはせいぶつたようせいがゆたかです). It can also be used metaphorically to describe abstract areas or fields, such as in 'comfort zone' or 'economic zone'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4030

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Order

Reading

Kanji

令Orders

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '令 (れい)' is used to denote an order, command, or decree. It is often found in formal or official contexts, such as in government or legal documents. For example: a government order「政府の命令」(せいふのめいれい). It can also be used in compound words to indicate something that is ordered or commanded, such as '法令 (ほうれい)' meaning 'laws and ordinances'. Note that '令' is not commonly used as a standalone word but rather as part of compound words or in specific formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4038

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Attach

Reading

Kanji

付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'くっ付ける (くっつける)' means 'to attach' or 'to stick something to something else'. It is often used when describing the action of physically joining two objects together, such as with glue, tape, or other adhesives. This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe the act of bringing people or ideas together. For example: I attached the paper to the wall「紙を壁にくっ付けた」(かみをかべにくっつけた). Let's stick these two pieces together「この二つをくっ付けよう」(このふたつをくっつけよう). The teacher tried to bring the students together「先生は生徒たちをくっ付けようとした」(せんせいはせいとたちをくっつけようとした).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4040

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Entrust

Reading

Kanji

言Say 付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese verb '言付ける (ことづける)' means 'to entrust' or 'to ask someone to deliver a message or item on your behalf. It is often used when you cannot personally deliver something and rely on another person to do so. For example: I entrusted him with a message「彼にメッセージを言付けた」(かれにメッセージをことづけた). She asked me to deliver this letter「彼女はこの手紙を言付けた」(かのじょはこのてがみをことづけた). This verb is commonly used in situations involving communication or delivery, emphasizing reliance on another person.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4045

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Commemoration

Reading

Kanji

記Record 念Thought

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '記念 (きねん)' means 'commemoration'. It refers to the act of remembering or celebrating a significant event, person, or achievement. This word is often used in contexts like ceremonies, events, or objects created to honor a memory. For example: This monument is a commemoration of peace「この記念碑は平和の記念です」(このきねんひはへいわのきねんです). We held a commemoration ceremony「記念式典を行いました」(きねんしきてんをおこないました). It can also be used in compound words like '記念日 (きねんび)' (anniversary) or '記念品 (きねんひん)' (souvenir).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4058

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

In order

Reading

Kanji

順Order, Obey

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '順々に (じゅんじゅんに)' means 'in order' or 'one after another.' It is used to describe things happening in a sequential or orderly manner, often implying a logical progression. For example: Please read the pages in order 「ページを順々に読んでください」 (ページをじゅんじゅんによんでください). The students entered the classroom one after another 「生徒たちは順々に教室に入った」 (せいとたちはじゅんじゅんにきょうしつにはいった). This adverb can also be used to describe events or actions occurring in a particular sequence, such as '順々に説明する (じゅんじゅんにせつめいする)', meaning 'to explain step by step.'

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4065

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Example

Reading

Kanji

実Fruit, Truth 例Example

Explanation

The Japanese noun '実例 (じつれい)' means 'example' or 'instance'. It refers to a concrete or actual case that illustrates a point or serves as evidence. This word is often used in formal or academic contexts to provide proof or to demonstrate a concept. For example: Here is an example of a successful project「ここに成功したプロジェクトの実例があります」(ここにせいこうしたプロジェクトのじつれいがあります). This is a real-life example of the theory「これはその理論の実例です」(これはそのりろんのじつれいです). The word emphasizes the factual or tangible nature of the example being presented.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4084

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Prewar

Reading

Kanji

戦Fight, War 前Before, Front

Explanation

The Japanese noun '戦前 (せんぜん)' refers to the period before a war, specifically the time before World War II in Japan. It is often used in historical contexts to describe events, policies, or societal conditions that existed prior to the war. For example: Life in Japan before the war was different「戦前の日本での生活は違っていた」(せんぜんのにほんでのせいかつはちがっていた). Prewar architecture is still preserved in some areas「戦前の建築はまだいくつかの地域で保存されている」(せんぜんのけんちくはまだいくつかのちいきでほぞんされている). The term is commonly used in discussions about history, culture, and politics.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4099

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Prosper

Reading

Kanji

栄Prosper, Flourish

Explanation

The Japanese verb '栄える (さかえる)' means 'to prosper' or 'to flourish'. It is used to describe a state of thriving, success, or growth, often in the context of cities, businesses, or cultures. For example: The town prospered thanks to tourism「その町は観光のおかげで栄えた」(そのまちはかんこうのおかげでさかえた). The company flourished under new management「新しい経営陣のもとで会社は栄えた」(あたらしいけいえいじんのもとでかいしゃはさかえた). This verb is often used in historical or economic contexts to describe periods of growth or success.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4102

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rest

Reading

Kanji

休Rest 養Foster

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '休養 (きゅうよう)' means 'rest' or 'recuperation'. It refers to taking a break or time off to recover physically or mentally, often from work, stress, or illness. This word is commonly used in contexts related to health, work-life balance, or recovery. For example: I need rest to recover「休養が必要です」(きゅうようがひつようです). After the trip, I took a week of rest「旅行の後、一週間休養しました」(りょこうのあと、いっしゅうかんきゅうようしました). It is often used in formal or medical contexts to emphasize the importance of taking time to recover.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4107

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Peak, Middle

Reading

Kanji

最Most 中Center

Explanation

The Japanese noun '最中 (さいちゅう)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'middle', referring to the midpoint or ongoing state of an event or period. For example: in the middle of the meeting「会議の最中です」(かいぎのさいちゅうです). The second meaning is 'peak', referring to the height or climax of something, such as an event or season. For example: during the peak of summer「夏の最中に」(なつのさいちゅうに). The word is often used to emphasize the ongoing or intense nature of a situation. Another example: in the middle of a storm「嵐の最中」(あらしのさいちゅう).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4114

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hardship

Reading

Kanji

苦Suffer 労Labor

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '苦労 (くろう)' refers to 'hardship' or 'difficulty'. It is often used to describe the struggles, efforts, or troubles one experiences in life or work. This word carries a nuance of enduring or overcoming challenges. For example: He went through a lot of hardship「彼はたくさんの苦労をした」(かれはたくさんのくろうをした). Raising children involves a lot of hardship「子供を育てるのは苦労が多い」(こどもをそだてるのはくろうがおおい). The word can also be used in expressions like '苦労する (くろうする)', meaning 'to struggle' or 'to go through difficulties'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4118

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vote

Reading

Kanji

票Vote, Ballot

Explanation

The Japanese noun '票 (ひょう)' primarily means 'vote'. It refers to a formal expression of preference or opinion in a decision-making process, such as an election or a ballot. This word is commonly used in political or organizational contexts. For example: I cast my vote「私は票を投じた」(わたしはひょうをとうじた). The majority of votes decided the outcome「票の多数が結果を決めた」(ひょうのたすうがけっかをきめた). Note that '票' can also refer to a ballot or a voting slip, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4135

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fishing

Reading

Kanji

漁Fishing 業Business

Explanation

The Japanese noun '漁業 (ぎょぎょう)' refers to the industry or activity of catching fish and other seafood for commercial purposes. It encompasses both the act of fishing and the broader industry that includes processing and selling seafood. This term is often used in discussions about marine resources, sustainability, and the economy. For example: Fishing is an important industry in this town「この町では漁業が重要な産業です」(このまちではぎょぎょうがじゅうようなさんぎょうです). He works in the fishing industry「彼は漁業に従事しています」(かれはぎょぎょうにじゅうじしています). The term can also be used in compound words, such as '漁業権 (ぎょぎょうけん)' (fishing rights) or '漁業協同組合 (ぎょぎょうきょうどうくみあい)' (fishery cooperative).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4136

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Procurement

Reading

Kanji

調Investigate, Tune 達Attain, Plural

Explanation

The Japanese noun '調達 (ちょうたつ)' refers to the act of procuring or obtaining goods, materials, or services, often in a business or organizational context. It is commonly used in supply chain management, logistics, and corporate settings. For example: The company is responsible for the procurement of raw materials「会社は原材料の調達を担当しています」(かいしゃはげんざいりょうのちょうたつをたんとうしています). We need to procure new equipment「新しい設備を調達する必要があります」(あたらしいせつびをちょうたつするひつようがあります). The term emphasizes the process of sourcing and acquiring necessary resources efficiently.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4142

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Judiciary

Reading

Kanji

司Director 法Law, Method

Explanation

The Japanese noun '司法 (しほう)' refers to the 'judiciary' or 'judicial system'. It encompasses the system of courts and judges that interpret and apply the law in legal cases. This term is often used in discussions about law, government, and justice. For example: The judiciary is independent「司法は独立している」(しほうはどくりつしている). The judiciary plays a crucial role in maintaining justice「司法は正義を維持する上で重要な役割を果たす」(しほうはせいぎをいじするうえでじゅうようなやくわりをはたす).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4153

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ticket gate

Reading

Kanji

改Reform 札Tag, Bill

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '改札 (かいさつ)' refers to the process of checking and validating tickets at a ticket gate, typically at train stations. It is often used to describe the area where tickets are checked, as well as the act of passing through such a gate. For example: Please go through the ticket gate「改札を通ってください」(かいさつをとおってください). The ticket gate is crowded「改札が混雑している」(かいさつがこんざつしている). This term is essential for navigating public transportation in Japan, as it is a common part of the travel process.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4160

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hope

Reading

Kanji

希Wish, Hope 望Hope, Ambition

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '希望 (きぼう)' means 'hope'. It refers to a feeling of expectation and desire for a particular thing to happen. This word is often used to express aspirations, wishes, or desires for the future. For example: I have hope for the future「私は将来に希望を持っています」(わたしはしょうらいにきぼうをもっています). She lost hope「彼女は希望を失った」(かのじょはきぼうをうしなった). It can also be used in formal contexts, such as in job applications or surveys, to indicate preferences or desires, as in '希望の職種 (きぼうのしょくしゅ) (desired job type)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4176

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Disappointment

Reading

Kanji

失Lose, Fault 望Hope, Ambition

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '失望 (しつぼう)' means 'disappointment'. It refers to the feeling of sadness or dissatisfaction when something does not meet one's expectations. This word is often used to express a strong sense of letdown or disillusionment. For example: I felt deep disappointment「私は深い失望を感じた」(わたしはふかいしつぼうをかんじた). His failure caused disappointment among his supporters「彼の失敗は支持者たちに失望を与えた」(かれのしっぱいはしじしゃたちにしつぼうをあたえた). The word can also be used in phrases like '失望する (しつぼうする)' meaning 'to be disappointed'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4182

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Help

Reading

Kanji

手Hand 伝Transmit

Explanation

The Japanese verb '手伝う (てつだう)' means 'to help' or 'to assist'. It is commonly used when someone provides assistance to another person, often in a physical or practical sense. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as helping with chores, work, or tasks. For example: I will help you with your homework「宿題を手伝います」(しゅくだいをてつだいます). Can you help me carry this?「これを運ぶのを手伝ってくれますか？」(これをはこぶのをてつだってくれますか？). Note that '手伝う' is often used in situations where the help is temporary or specific to a task, rather than ongoing support.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4188

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Device, Scheme

Reading

Kanji

工Construction 夫Man, Husband

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '工夫 (くふう)' refers to a device, scheme, or contrivance, often implying a clever or inventive solution to a problem. It can be used in various contexts, from physical devices to abstract strategies. For example: He devised a clever scheme to solve the problem「彼は問題を解決するための工夫をした」(かれはもんだいをかいけつするためのくふうをした). This machine is equipped with various devices「この機械には様々な工夫が施されている」(このきかいにはさまざまなくふうがほどこされている). The term emphasizes ingenuity and resourcefulness in overcoming challenges.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4196

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Signal

Reading

Kanji

信Trust 号Number

Explanation

The Japanese noun '信号 (しんごう)' primarily means 'signal'. It is commonly used to refer to traffic signals, such as traffic lights, but can also refer to other types of signals, such as electrical signals or communication signals. For example: The traffic signal turned red「信号が赤になった」(しんごうがあかになった). The signal is weak「信号が弱い」(しんごうがよわい). This word is often used in everyday conversations, especially when discussing traffic or technology.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4198

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Agreement

Reading

Kanji

協Cooperate 定Determine

Explanation

The Japanese noun '協定 (きょうてい)' refers to a formal agreement or pact between parties, often used in legal, political, or business contexts. It implies a mutual understanding or arrangement that has been officially established. For example: The two countries signed a trade agreement「両国は貿易協定に調印した」(りょうこくはぼうえききょうていにちょういんした). The company reached an agreement with the union「会社は労働組合と協定を結んだ」(かいしゃはろうどうくみあいときょうていをむすんだ). This term is commonly used in formal settings and emphasizes the binding nature of the agreement.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4213

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Celebrate

Reading

Kanji

祝Celebrate

Explanation

The Japanese verb '祝う (いわう)' means 'to celebrate'. It is used to express the act of celebrating an event, occasion, or achievement. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as celebrating birthdays, anniversaries, or cultural festivals. For example: We celebrated the New Year「新年を祝った」(しんねんをいわった). They celebrated their wedding anniversary「彼らは結婚記念日を祝った」(かれらはけっこんきねんびをいわった). The verb can also be used in more formal or ceremonial contexts, such as celebrating a company milestone or a national holiday. It is important to note that '祝う' often implies a sense of joy and festivity.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4227

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Point, Pour

Reading

Kanji

差Difference

Explanation

The Japanese verb '差す (さす)' has multiple meanings depending on context. One meaning is 'to pour' or 'to fill', often used when pouring liquids like tea or water. For example: She poured tea「彼女はお茶を差した」(かのじょはおちゃをさした). Another meaning is 'to point' or 'to indicate', such as pointing at something with a finger or a tool. For example: He pointed at the map「彼は地図を差した」(かれはちずをさした). The verb can also imply a gentle or careful action, such as when inserting or placing something delicately. For example: She inserted the key「彼女は鍵を差した」(かのじょはかぎをさした). The nuance of the verb often depends on the object being acted upon.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4231

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Delight

Reading

Kanji

大Big 喜Rejoice

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '大喜び (おおよろこび)' means 'delight' or 'great joy'. It is used to express a state of being extremely happy or overjoyed about something. This term often conveys a sense of visible excitement or celebration. For example: She was delighted with the gift「彼女はプレゼントに大喜びした」(かのじょはぷれぜんとにおおよろこびした). The children were overjoyed when they saw the cake「子供たちはケーキを見て大喜びした」(こどもたちはけーきをみておおよろこびした). The term is commonly used in situations where the joy is openly expressed and shared with others.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4233

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vegetable

Reading

Kanji

菜Vegetable

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '菜 (さい)' refers to 'vegetable' and is commonly used in the names of vegetables or dishes containing vegetables. It is often attached to the name of a specific vegetable to denote its type. For example: spinach is called 'ほうれん草 (ほうれんそう)' where '草 (そう)' also means 'grass' or 'herb', but '菜' is used in other contexts. Example sentences: I like vegetable dishes「野菜料理が好きです」(やさいりょうりがすきです). This soup has a lot of vegetables「このスープには野菜がたくさん入っています」(このスープにはやさいがたくさんはいっています). The suffix can also be used in compound words to specify a type of vegetable, such as '白菜 (はくさい)' which means 'Chinese cabbage'.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4245

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Last year

Reading

Kanji

昨Yesterday, Previous 年Year

Explanation

The Japanese noun '昨年 (さくねん)' means 'last year.' It is used to refer to the year immediately preceding the current year. This word is commonly used in both written and spoken Japanese to discuss past events or activities. For example: Last year I was traveling in Japan 「昨年は日本を旅行していました」 (さくねんはにほんをりょこうしていました). Last year's sales were higher than this year's 「昨年の売り上げは今年より高かった」 (さくねんのうりあげはことしよりたかかった).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4253

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Persuasion

Reading

Kanji

説Theory, Explanation 得Acquire

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '説得 (せっとく)' means 'persuasion'. It refers to the act of convincing someone to agree with or accept a particular idea, opinion, or course of action. This term is often used in contexts where one person is trying to influence another's thoughts or decisions. For example: His persuasion was successful「彼の説得は成功した」(かれのせっとくはせいこうした). I tried persuasion but it didn't work「説得を試みたがうまくいかなかった」(せっとくをこころみたがうまくいかなかった). The word can also be used in more formal or serious situations, such as legal or business negotiations.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4278

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Report, Declaration

Reading

Kanji

申Report 告Announce

Explanation

The Japanese noun '申告 (しんこく)' refers to the act of reporting or declaring something, often in an official or formal context. It is commonly used in situations such as tax reporting, customs declarations, or notifying authorities about specific information. For example: I filed a tax report「税金の申告をしました」(ぜいきんのしんこくをしました). Please declare any prohibited items「禁止されている物を申告してください」(きんしされているものをしんこくしてください). The word carries a formal tone and is typically used in legal, financial, or bureaucratic settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4279

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Advantageous

Reading

Kanji

有Exist 利Profit, Advantage

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '有利 (ゆうり)' means 'advantageous' or 'favorable'. It is used to describe situations, conditions, or positions that provide a benefit or advantage. For example: This deal is advantageous for us「この取引は私たちにとって有利だ」(このとりひきはわたしたちにとってゆうりだ). The team is in a favorable position「そのチームは有利な立場にある」(そのチームはゆうりなたちばにある). It is often used in contexts related to business, competition, or strategic decisions.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4288

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lack, Chip

Reading

Kanji

欠Lack

Explanation

The Japanese verb '欠ける (かける)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to lack' or 'to be missing', often used to describe something that is incomplete or insufficient. For example: this plan lacks a clear goal「この計画は明確な目標が欠けている」(このけいかくはめいかくなもくひょうがかけている). The second meaning is 'to chip' or 'to break off', referring to a physical object losing a piece. For example: the cup chipped when it fell「カップは落ちて欠けた」(カップはおちてかけた). These meanings are unrelated and depend on the context in which the verb is used.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4289

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Colony

Reading

Kanji

植Plant 民People, Nation 地Ground

Explanation

The Japanese noun '植民地 (しょくみんち)' means 'colony'. It refers to a territory or area that is under the political control of another country, often settled by people from that controlling country. This term is commonly used in historical or political contexts to describe regions that were colonized by foreign powers. For example: This island was once a colony「この島はかつて植民地だった」(このしまはかつてしょくみんちだった). The country lost its colonies after the war「その国は戦後植民地を失った」(そのくにはせんごしょくみんちをうしなった). The word can also carry connotations of exploitation or subjugation, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4300

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Household

Reading

Kanji

世World, Generation 帯Belt, Wear

Explanation

The Japanese noun '世帯 (せたい)' refers to a 'household', which is a group of people living together in a single dwelling unit, typically sharing resources and responsibilities. This term is often used in official contexts, such as census data, government forms, or social services. For example: The number of households in this city is increasing「この街の世帯数は増えている」(このまちのせたいすうはふえている). Our household consists of four people「私たちの世帯は四人です」(わたしたちのせたいはよにんです). The word can also be used to describe the economic or social unit of a household, such as in '世帯主 (せたいぬし)', meaning 'head of the household'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4308

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Beginner

Reading

Kanji

初Beginning, First 級Grade, Rank

Explanation

The Japanese noun '初級 (しょきゅう)' refers to a beginner or introductory level. It is commonly used in educational contexts to describe courses, classes, or materials designed for those who are just starting to learn a subject. For example: I am taking a beginner-level Japanese class「私は初級の日本語クラスを取っています」(わたしはしょきゅうのにほんごクラスをとっています). This textbook is for beginners「この教科書は初級者向けです」(このきょうかしょはしょきゅうしゃむけです). The term emphasizes the foundational stage of learning and is often contrasted with intermediate (中級, ちゅうきゅう) and advanced (上級, じょうきゅう) levels.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4337

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sound, Healthy

Reading

Kanji

健Healthy 全Whole, All

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '健全 (けんぜん)' primarily means 'healthy' or 'sound'. It is used to describe something that is in good condition, functioning properly, or morally upright. This word can be applied to physical health, mental state, systems, organizations, or even ideas. For example: a healthy mind「健全な心」(けんぜんなこころ). The financial system is sound「金融システムは健全だ」(きんゆうシステムはけんぜんだ). It can also imply moral integrity, as in '健全な社会 (けんぜんなしゃかい) (a sound society)'. Note that while 'healthy' often refers to physical well-being, 'sound' can refer to logical or structural integrity.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4350

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Disinfection

Reading

Kanji

消Extinguish 毒Poison

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '消毒 (しょうどく)' means 'disinfection'. It refers to the process of cleaning something to destroy bacteria, viruses, or other harmful microorganisms. This term is commonly used in medical, hygiene, and cleaning contexts. For example: Please disinfect the wound「傷を消毒してください」(きずをしょうどくしてください). The hospital disinfects all equipment「病院は全ての器具を消毒します」(びょういんはすべてのきぐをしょうどくします). It is often used with verbs like する (to do) or する必要がある (need to do) to indicate the action of disinfecting.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4358

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Clothing

Reading

Kanji

衣Clothes 類Kind, Type

Explanation

The Japanese noun '衣類 (いるい)' refers to 'clothing' or 'garments'. It is a general term used to describe items of clothing collectively, such as shirts, pants, dresses, and other wearable items. This word is often used in contexts related to laundry, storage, or fashion. For example: I washed my clothing「衣類を洗った」(いるいをあらった). She has a lot of clothing「彼女は衣類をたくさん持っている」(かのじょはいるいをたくさんもっている). The word can also be used in formal or business contexts, such as in the clothing industry or when discussing clothing care.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4385

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Clothing

Reading

Kanji

衣Clothes 服Obey, Clothing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '衣服 (いふく)' refers to 'clothing' or 'garments'. It is a general term used to describe items worn on the body, such as shirts, pants, dresses, etc. This word is often used in formal or written contexts, but can also be used in everyday conversation. For example: I bought new clothing「新しい衣服を買いました」(あたらしいいふくをかいました). This store sells high-quality clothing「この店は高品質の衣服を売っています」(このみせはこうひんしつのいふくをうっています). The word '衣服' can also be used in more specific contexts, such as traditional Japanese clothing like kimono or yukata.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4386

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Necessities

Reading

Kanji

衣Clothes 食Eat, Food 住Live

Explanation

The Japanese noun '衣食住 (いしょくじゅう)' refers to the basic necessities of life: clothing (衣), food (食), and shelter (住). It is often used to discuss the fundamental aspects of living or to emphasize the importance of these basic needs. For example: The government must ensure the necessities of life for its citizens「政府は国民の衣食住を確保しなければならない」(せいふはこくみんのいしょくじゅうをかくほしなければならない). In modern society, the concept of '衣食住' has expanded to include other essentials like healthcare and education. This term is deeply rooted in Japanese culture and reflects the importance of simplicity and practicality in daily life.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4387

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Parting

Reading

Kanji

別Separate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '別れ (わかれ)' means 'parting' or 'separation'. It refers to the act of saying goodbye or the state of being separated from someone or something. This word is often used in emotional contexts, such as farewells, breakups, or the end of a relationship. For example: a sad parting「悲しい別れ」(かなしいわかれ). We said our goodbyes at the station「私たちは駅で別れを告げた」(わたしたちはえきでわかれをつげた). It can also be used in a broader sense, such as the separation of paths or directions. For example: at the parting of the roads「道の別れで」(みちのわかれで).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4398

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Celebration

Reading

Kanji

祝Celebrate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '祝い (いわい)' means 'celebration'. It refers to an event or occasion where people gather to commemorate or honor something, such as a birthday, wedding, or achievement. This word is often used in formal or festive contexts. For example: We held a celebration for his promotion「彼の昇進の祝いをしました」(かれのしょうしんのいわいをしました). The wedding celebration was beautiful「結婚の祝いは美しかった」(けっこんのいわいはうつくしかった). The word can also be used in compound nouns, such as '誕生日祝い (たんじょうびいわい)' (birthday celebration).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4405

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Small size

Reading

Kanji

小Small 型Model, Type

Explanation

The Japanese noun '小型 (こがた)' refers to something being of a small size or compact form. It is commonly used to describe objects, devices, or machinery that are designed to be smaller than the standard size. For example: This is a small-sized car「これは小型の車です」(これはこがたのくるまです). The company produces small-sized appliances「その会社は小型の家電を製造しています」(そのかいしゃはこがたのかでんをせいぞうしています). The term emphasizes the compactness or portability of the item in question.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4410

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pursuit

Reading

Kanji

追Follow 求Request, Seek

Explanation

The Japanese noun '追求 (ついきゅう)' means 'pursuit'. It refers to the act of striving to achieve or obtain something, often with great effort or determination. This word is commonly used in contexts related to goals, ideals, or objectives. For example: the pursuit of happiness「幸福の追求」(こうふくのついきゅう). He is in pursuit of his dreams「彼は夢の追求をしている」(かれはゆめのついきゅうをしている). The word can also be used in more abstract contexts, such as the pursuit of knowledge「知識の追求」(ちしきのついきゅう).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4411

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fixation

Reading

Kanji

固Hard 定Determine

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '固定 (こてい)' refers to the act of fixing, securing, or making something immovable. It is often used in contexts where something is being anchored, stabilized, or set in place, such as in physical objects, ideas, or systems. For example: The shelf is fixed to the wall「棚は壁に固定されている」(たなはかべにこていされている). The company has a fixed policy「会社は固定された方針を持っている」(かいしゃはこていされたほうしんをもっている). This term can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is unchanging or rigid, such as a fixed idea or belief.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4413

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Inherent

Reading

Kanji

固Hard 有Exist

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '固有 (こゆう)' means 'inherent' or 'intrinsic'. It refers to something that is innate, natural, or unique to a particular thing or situation. This word is often used to describe characteristics, properties, or qualities that are specific and essential to something. For example: This species has an inherent ability to adapt「この種は固有の適応能力を持っている」(このしゅはこゆうのてきおうのうりょくをもっている). The culture has its own inherent traditions「その文化には固有の伝統がある」(そのぶんかにはこゆうのでんとうがある). It can also be used in contexts like '固有の価値 (こゆうのかち)' (inherent value) or '固有の性質 (こゆうのせいしつ)' (intrinsic nature).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4420

Composition

kanji

Handwriting