言Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Kanji School Grade

word

Meaning

Both sides

Reading

Kanji

表Surface, Express 裏Inside, Rear

Explanation

The Japanese noun '裏表 (うらおもて)' refers to 'both sides' of something, such as a piece of paper, fabric, or even a situation. It can also imply the duality or contrast between two sides, such as the front and back or the surface and hidden aspects. For example: This paper has writing on both sides「この紙は裏表に字が書いてある」(このかみはうらおもてにじがかいてある). He has no ulterior motives, he is straightforward「彼には裏表がない」(かれにはうらおもてがない). The word can also metaphorically describe someone's honesty or lack of hidden intentions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4008

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Time

Reading

Kanji

時Time, Hour 刻Engrave

Explanation

The Japanese noun '時刻 (じこく)' refers to a specific point in time or the exact time of an event. It is often used in formal contexts or when precision regarding time is necessary. For example: What time is it now?「今の時刻は何時ですか？」(いまのじこくはなんじですか？). The train departs at 8:00 sharp「電車は8時ちょうどに発車します」(でんしゃは8じちょうどにはっしゃします). This word is commonly seen in schedules, announcements, and formal settings where exact timing is important.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4025

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Excuse

Reading

Kanji

訳Reason, Translation 言Say

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '言い訳 (いいわけ)' means 'excuse'. It refers to a reason or explanation given to justify or defend one's actions, often to avoid blame or responsibility. This word is commonly used in situations where someone is trying to explain away a mistake or failure. For example: He made an excuse for being late「彼は遅れた言い訳をした」(かれはおくれたいいわけをした). Don't give me excuses「言い訳をしないで」(いいわけをしないで). It can also imply a sense of insincerity or reluctance to take accountability, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4028

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Misunderstanding

Reading

Kanji

解Solve, Untie 誤Mistake

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '誤解 (ごかい)' means 'misunderstanding'. It refers to a situation where someone interprets something incorrectly or fails to grasp the true meaning of a statement, action, or situation. This word is often used in contexts where clarity or communication is important, and it can describe both minor and significant misunderstandings. For example: There was a misunderstanding between us「私たちの間に誤解があった」(わたしたちのあいだにごかいがあった). Please don't misunderstand me「私を誤解しないでください」(わたしをごかいしないでください). The word can also be used in formal or informal settings, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4035

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tidying

Reading

Kanji

後After, Behind 片Fragment, One sided 付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '後片付け (あとかたづけ)' refers to the act of tidying up or cleaning up after an event, activity, or meal. It is commonly used in contexts where one needs to restore order or cleanliness after something has been used or done. For example: Please help with the tidying up after the party「パーティーの後片付けを手伝ってください」(パーティーのあとかたづけをてつだってください). She is good at tidying up after cooking「彼女は料理の後片付けが上手です」(かのじょはりょうりのあとかたづけがじょうずです). This word emphasizes the action of restoring order, often after a specific event or activity.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4039

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Finance ministry

Reading

Kanji

大Big 省Ministry, Conserve 蔵Storehouse

Explanation

The Japanese noun '大蔵省 (おおくらしょう)' refers to the 'Ministry of Finance', which was a key government body in Japan responsible for financial and monetary policy, as well as managing the national budget. It was replaced by the Ministry of Finance and the Financial Services Agency in 2001. This term is often used in historical or formal contexts. Example sentences: The Ministry of Finance announced a new policy「大蔵省は新しい政策を発表した」(おおくらしょうはあたらしいせいさくをはっぴょうした). He works at the Ministry of Finance「彼は大蔵省で働いている」(かれはおおくらしょうではたらいている).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4047

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Collateral

Reading

Kanji

保Preserve 担Bear, Carry

Explanation

The Japanese noun '担保 (たんぽ)' refers to 'collateral', which is something pledged as security for repayment of a loan. It is commonly used in financial and legal contexts. For example: The bank requires collateral for the loan「銀行はローンに担保を要求する」(ぎんこうはローンにたんぽをようきゅうする). He used his house as collateral「彼は家を担保にした」(かれはいえをたんぽにした). The term is often associated with loans, mortgages, and financial agreements where an asset is used to secure a debt.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4053

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Serious

Reading

Kanji

刻Engrave 深Deep

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '深刻 (しんこく)' means 'serious'. It is used to describe situations, problems, or emotions that are grave, severe, or deeply concerning. This word often conveys a sense of urgency or importance. For example: The situation is serious「状況は深刻だ」(じょうきょうはしんこくだ). He has a serious expression「彼は深刻な表情をしている」(かれはしんこくなひょうじょうをしている). The problem is becoming more serious「問題は深刻化している」(もんだいはしんこくかしている). Note that '深刻' is often used in contexts involving societal issues, personal dilemmas, or critical circumstances.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4088

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Work, Labor

Reading

Kanji

労Labor 勤Diligence

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '勤労 (きんろう)' refers to the act of labor or work, often in the context of employment or contributing to society. It is commonly used in formal or official contexts, such as discussing labor laws, workers' rights, or societal contributions. For example: Labor Day is a day to honor workers「勤労感謝の日は労働者を称える日です」(きんろうかんしゃのひはろうどうしゃをたたえるひです). He is dedicated to his work「彼は勤労に励んでいます」(かれはきんろうにはげんでいます). The term can also appear in compound words, such as '勤労意欲 (きんろういよく)' (work motivation) or '勤労者 (きんろうしゃ)' (worker).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4119

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Difficulty

Reading

Kanji

難Difficult 困Trouble, Distress

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '困難 (こんなん)' means 'difficulty'. It refers to a state of being hard to accomplish, deal with, or overcome. This word is often used to describe challenging situations, problems, or obstacles. For example: overcoming difficulties「困難を乗り越える」(こんなんをのりこえる). The difficulty of the task「その課題の困難」(そのかだいのこんなん). It can also be used in phrases like 'financial difficulties'「財政困難」(ざいせいこんなん). Note that '困難' is a noun and is often used in formal or serious contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4123

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reduction

Reading

Kanji

小Small 縮Shrink

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '縮小 (しゅくしょう)' means 'reduction'. It refers to the act of making something smaller in size, scale, or scope. This term is often used in formal or technical contexts, such as business, science, or policy discussions. For example: The company decided on a reduction in staff「会社は人員の縮小を決定した」(かいしゃはじんいんのしゅくしょうをけっていした). The government is planning a reduction in budget「政府は予算の縮小を計画している」(せいふはよさんのしゅくしょうをけいかくしている). It can also be used in everyday contexts, such as reducing the size of an image「画像の縮小を行った」(がぞうのしゅくしょうをおこなった).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4151

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Doubt

Reading

Kanji

疑Doubt, Suspect

Explanation

The Japanese noun '疑い (うたがい)' means 'doubt'. It refers to a feeling of uncertainty or lack of conviction about something. This word is often used in contexts where there is suspicion or skepticism about a situation, statement, or person. For example: There is no doubt about his innocence「彼の無実に疑いはない」(かれのむじつにうたがいがない). She had doubts about the plan「彼女はその計画に疑いを持っていた」(かのじょはそのけいかくにうたがいをもっていた). The word can also imply suspicion, as in '疑いをかける (うたがいをかける)', which means 'to cast doubt on' or 'to suspect'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4167

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Alliance

Reading

Kanji

盟Alliance 同Same

Explanation

The Japanese noun '同盟 (どうめい)' means 'alliance'. It refers to a formal agreement or partnership between two or more parties, often for mutual benefit or to achieve a common goal. This term is commonly used in political, military, or business contexts. For example: The two countries formed an alliance「その二つの国は同盟を結んだ」(そのふたつのくにはどうめいをむすんだ). The companies entered into a strategic alliance「その企業は戦略的同盟を結んだ」(そのきぎょうはせんりゃくてきどうめいをむすんだ). The nuance of '同盟' often implies a formal and binding relationship, distinguishing it from more casual partnerships or collaborations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4172

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Estimation

Reading

Kanji

推Infer 定Determine

Explanation

The Japanese noun '推定 (すいてい)' refers to an estimation, inference, or presumption based on available information or evidence. It is commonly used in contexts such as statistics, law, or general reasoning to describe a calculated guess or assumption. For example: The population estimation is 10 million「人口の推定は1000万人です」(じんこうのすいていはせんまんにんです). The court made a presumption of innocence「裁判所は無罪の推定をした」(さいばんしょはむざいのすいていをした). This term often implies a logical or scientific basis for the estimation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4178

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Will

Reading

Kanji

言Say 遺Leave behind

Explanation

The Japanese noun '遺言 (ゆいごん)' refers to a 'will' or 'testament', specifically a legal document that states a person's wishes regarding the distribution of their property and the care of any minor children after their death. It can also refer to a dying wish or last words. For example: He left a will「彼は遺言を残した」(かれはゆいごんをのこした). The will was read after the funeral「遺言は葬式の後に読まれた」(ゆいごんはそうしきのあとによまれた). It's important to note that this word is often used in legal contexts, but can also be used more generally to refer to a person's final wishes.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4193

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Refrigeration

Reading

Kanji

冷Cold 蔵Storehouse

Explanation

The Japanese noun '冷蔵 (れいぞう)' refers to the process or state of refrigeration. It is commonly used in contexts related to food preservation, such as storing items in a refrigerator. For example: I put the vegetables in the refrigerator「野菜を冷蔵した」(やさいをれいぞうした). The meat needs refrigeration「肉は冷蔵が必要だ」(にくはれいぞうがひつようだ). This term is often seen in compound words like '冷蔵庫 (れいぞうこ)', which means 'refrigerator'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4201

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Next

Reading

Kanji

翌Next, Following

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '翌 (よく)' means 'next' and is used to refer to the day, month, or year immediately following a specific point in time. It is commonly used in expressions like '翌日 (よくじつ)' (the next day), '翌月 (よくげつ)' (the next month), or '翌年 (よくねん)' (the next year). For example: I will visit you the next day「翌日、あなたを訪ねます」(よくじつ、あなたをたずねます). The meeting is scheduled for the next month「会議は翌月に予定されています」(かいぎはよくげつによていされています). This prefix is always attached to time-related nouns and cannot stand alone.

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4220

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Extension, Prolongation

Reading

Kanji

長Long, Leader 延Prolong

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '延長 (えんちょう)' primarily means 'extension' or 'prolongation'. It is used to describe the act of extending something in time, space, or scope. For example, it can refer to extending a deadline, prolonging a meeting, or even extending a physical object like a cable. Example sentences: The meeting was extended「会議が延長された」(かいぎがえんちょうされた). The deadline has been extended「締め切りが延長された」(しめきりがえんちょうされた). The cable is too short, we need an extension「ケーブルが短すぎる、延長が必要だ」(ケーブルがみじかすぎる、えんちょうがひつようだ).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4222

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Postponement

Reading

Kanji

期Time, Period 延Prolong

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '延期 (えんき)' means 'postponement'. It refers to the act of delaying or rescheduling an event, meeting, or deadline to a later time. This term is commonly used in formal or professional contexts, such as business, academics, or public events. For example: The meeting was postponed「会議は延期されました」(かいぎはえんきされました). Due to the weather, the game has been postponed「天候のため、試合は延期されました」(てんこうのため、しあいはえんきされました). Note that '延期' is often used with verbs like する (to do) or される (to be done) to indicate the action of postponing.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4223

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Certification, Recognition

Reading

Kanji

認Recognize, Admit 定Determine

Explanation

The Japanese noun '認定 (にんてい)' refers to the act of officially recognizing or certifying something. It is commonly used in contexts involving formal approval, accreditation, or acknowledgment. For example: The product received official certification「その製品は認定を受けました」(そのせいひんはにんていをうけました). His skills were recognized by the organization「彼のスキルはその組織に認定されました」(かれのスキルはそのそしきににんていされました). This term is often used in professional, educational, or legal settings to denote formal validation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4229

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Nursing

Reading

Kanji

護Protect, Defend 看Watch

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '看護 (かんご)' refers to the act or profession of nursing, which involves caring for the sick or infirm. It is commonly used in contexts related to healthcare and medical services. For example: She is studying nursing「彼女は看護を勉強しています」(かのじょはかんごをべんきょうしています). The hospital needs more nursing staff「病院はもっと看護スタッフが必要です」(びょういんはもっとかんごスタッフがひつようです). This term is often associated with professional caregiving roles and is a key concept in medical and healthcare settings.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4238

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Nursing

Reading

Kanji

看Watch 病Illness

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '看病 (かんびょう)' refers to the act of nursing or caring for someone who is sick. It is often used in contexts where someone is providing care to a patient, whether at home or in a medical setting. This term emphasizes the attentive and compassionate aspect of caregiving. For example: She is nursing her sick mother「彼女は病気の母親を看病している」(かのじょはびょうきのははおやをかんびょうしている). The nurse provided excellent care「看護師は素晴らしい看病をした」(かんごしはすばらしいかんびょうをした). The term can also be used metaphorically to describe taking care of something in a nurturing manner, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4239

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Done

Reading

Kanji

済Finish, Settle

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '済み (ずみ)' is used to indicate that something has been completed or settled. It is often attached to nouns to form compound words that describe the state of completion. For example: payment completed「支払い済み」(しはらいずみ). This suffix is commonly used in formal or business contexts to convey that a task or obligation has been fulfilled. Another example: reservation completed「予約済み」(よやくずみ). It is important to note that '済み' is often written in kanji but can also appear in hiragana in less formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4246

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Trial

Reading

Kanji

判Judge, Stamp 裁Judge

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '裁判 (さいばん)' refers to a 'trial' or 'legal judgment'. It is used in the context of legal proceedings where a court examines evidence and arguments to decide a case. This term is often associated with criminal or civil cases. For example: The trial will start tomorrow「裁判は明日始まります」(さいばんはあしたはじまります). He was found guilty at the trial「彼は裁判で有罪とされた」(かれはさいばんでゆうざいとされた). The word can also be used in broader contexts, such as '裁判所 (さいばんしょ)' meaning 'court of law'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4247

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Court

Reading

Kanji

判Judge, Stamp 裁Judge 所Place

Explanation

The Japanese noun '裁判所 (さいばんしょ)' refers to a 'court', specifically a judicial institution where legal cases are heard and decided. This term is commonly used in legal contexts and can refer to various types of courts, such as district courts, high courts, or the Supreme Court. For example: The case was brought to court「その事件は裁判所に持ち込まれた」(そのじけんはさいばんしょにもちこまれた). The court ruled in favor of the plaintiff「裁判所は原告に有利な判決を下した」(さいばんしょはげんこくにゆうりなはんけつをくだした). It's important to note that '裁判所' is a formal term and is used in both written and spoken Japanese when discussing legal matters.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4248

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Suspicious, Doubtful

Reading

Kanji

疑Doubt, Suspect

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '疑わしい (うたがわしい)' can mean either 'doubtful' or 'suspicious', depending on the context. It is used to describe something that is uncertain, questionable, or raises doubts. It can also imply suspicion about someone's actions or intentions. For example: His story sounds doubtful「彼の話は疑わしい」(かれのはなしはうたがわしい). Her behavior seems suspicious「彼女の行動は疑わしい」(かのじょのこうどうはうたがわしい). This word is often used in situations where there is a lack of trust or clarity.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4255

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Desire

Reading

Kanji

欲Desire, Longing 望Hope, Ambition

Explanation

The Japanese noun '欲望 (よくぼう)' means 'desire'. It refers to a strong feeling of wanting to have something or wishing for something to happen. This word is often used in contexts related to human emotions, ambitions, or cravings, and it can encompass both physical and emotional desires. For example: His desire for success is strong「彼の成功への欲望は強い」(かれのせいこうへのよくぼうはつよい). She couldn't control her desire for sweets「彼女は甘いものへの欲望を抑えられなかった」(かのじょはあまいものへのよくぼうをおさえられなかった). The word can also be used in philosophical or psychological discussions to describe innate human drives.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4258

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Master, Digest

Reading

Kanji

熟Ripe, Mature

Explanation

The Japanese verb '熟す (こなす)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to master' or 'to become proficient in something'. This usage often refers to skills, tasks, or knowledge. For example: He mastered the art of cooking「彼は料理を熟した」(かれはりょうりをこなした). The second meaning is 'to digest', referring to the process of breaking down food in the body. For example: My stomach can't digest this food「私の胃はこの食べ物を熟せない」(わたしのいはこのたべものをこなせない). The verb is versatile and its meaning depends heavily on context. It is often used in both casual and formal settings, and its nuance can shift based on the subject and object of the sentence.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4268

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Approval, Recognition

Reading

Kanji

認Recognize, Admit 承Consent

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '承認 (しょうにん)' primarily means 'approval' or 'recognition'. It is used in contexts where something is officially accepted, acknowledged, or validated. For example, in a workplace setting, it might refer to the approval of a project or a request. In a legal or formal context, it can mean the recognition of a status or right. Example sentences: The manager gave his approval for the project「マネージャーはそのプロジェクトを承認した」(マネージャーはそのプロジェクトをしょうにんした). The government recognized the new policy「政府は新しい政策を承認した」(せいふはあたらしいせいさくをしょうにんした). Note that '承認' often implies a formal or official process of approval or recognition.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4275

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

View

Reading

Kanji

視See, Look

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '視 (し)' means 'view' or 'perspective'. It is often attached to nouns to form compound words that describe a particular way of looking at or considering something. For example: global view「グローバル視」(ぐろーばるし). This suffix is commonly used in formal or technical contexts, such as in academic writing or business discussions. Another example: a critical perspective「批判的視」(ひはんてきし). Note that '視' is rarely used as a standalone word and is almost always part of a compound.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4283

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Absorption

Reading

Kanji

吸Inhale, Suck 収Obtain

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '吸収 (きゅうしゅう)' means 'absorption'. It refers to the process of taking in or assimilating something, such as liquids, knowledge, or resources. This word is often used in scientific, economic, or everyday contexts. For example: The sponge absorbs water「スポンジは水を吸収する」(スポンジはみずをきゅうしゅうする). The company absorbed its competitor「その会社は競争相手を吸収した」(そのかいしゃはきょうそうあいてをきゅうしゅうした). It can also be used metaphorically, such as absorbing knowledge or culture.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4320

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Deliver

Reading

Kanji

届Report, Deliver

Explanation

The Japanese verb '届ける (とどける)' means 'to deliver' or 'to hand over'. It is used when someone brings or sends something to a specific destination or person, often implying a formal or official action. For example: I delivered the package to the office「私は荷物を事務所に届けた」(わたしはにもつをじむしょにとどけた). Please deliver this letter to him「この手紙を彼に届けてください」(このてがみをかれにとどけてください). The verb can also be used in contexts like reporting or notifying, such as delivering news or information. For instance: She delivered the news to the team「彼女はチームにその知らせを届けた」(かのじょはチームにそのしらせをとどけた).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4324

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Breathing

Reading

Kanji

吸Inhale, Suck 呼Invite, Call

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '呼吸 (こきゅう)' means 'breathing'. It refers to the act of inhaling and exhaling air, which is essential for life. This word is often used in both literal and metaphorical contexts. For example: deep breathing is important for relaxation「深呼吸はリラックスに重要です」(しんこきゅうはりらっくすにじゅうようです). The athlete focused on his breathing during the race「その選手はレース中に呼吸に集中した」(そのせんしゅはれーすちゅうにこきゅうにしゅうちゅうした). In a metaphorical sense, it can also describe the rhythm or flow of something, such as in music or teamwork.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4326

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Collection

Reading

Kanji

収Obtain 回Revolve, Times (counter for occurrences)

Explanation

The Japanese noun '回収 (かいしゅう)' primarily means 'collection'. It is commonly used to refer to the act of gathering or retrieving items, often for recycling, reuse, or disposal. For example: The collection of used bottles is scheduled for tomorrow「使用済みボトルの回収は明日に予定されています」(しようずみボトルのかいしゅうはあしたによていされています). The company is responsible for the collection of old electronics「その会社は古い電子機器の回収を担当しています」(そのかいしゃはふるいでんしききのかいしゅうをたんとうしています). This word is often used in contexts related to waste management, recycling programs, or retrieving distributed items.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4329

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exhibition

Reading

Kanji

展Unfold, Expand 示Show, Indicate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '展示 (てんじ)' refers to an 'exhibition' or 'display'. It is commonly used to describe a public showing of items, such as art, products, or historical artifacts, often in a museum, gallery, or event space. For example: The art exhibition was impressive「その美術の展示は素晴らしかった」(そのびじゅつのてんじはすばらしかった). They are preparing a product display「彼らは製品の展示を準備している」(かれらはせいひんのてんじをじゅんびしている). The word can also be used in contexts like trade shows or cultural events where items are showcased for viewing.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4333

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Carry

Reading

Kanji

負Defeat 背Back, Height

Explanation

The Japanese verb '背負う (せおう)' primarily means 'to carry on one's back'. It is often used to describe physically carrying something, such as a backpack or a child, on one's back. Additionally, it can be used metaphorically to describe taking on responsibilities or burdens. For example: He carries a heavy burden「彼は重い責任を背負っている」(かれはおもいせきにんをせおっている). She carried her child on her back「彼女は子供を背負っていた」(かのじょはこどもをせおっていた). The verb can also imply a sense of enduring or bearing something significant, whether physical or emotional.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4342

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Good

Reading

Kanji

善Good, Virtuous

Explanation

The Japanese noun '善 (ぜん)' means 'good'. It refers to moral goodness, virtue, or that which is right and beneficial. This term is often used in philosophical, ethical, or religious contexts to describe actions, intentions, or states of being that are morally positive. For example: doing good is important「善を行うことは大切です」(ぜんをおこなうことはたいせつです). He is a person of good character「彼は善の人です」(かれはぜんのひとです). The concept of '善' is frequently contrasted with '悪 (あく)' (evil) in discussions about morality.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4346

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Suit

Reading

Kanji

広Wide 背Back, Height

Explanation

The Japanese noun '背広 (せびろ)' refers to a 'suit', specifically a business suit typically worn by men in formal or professional settings. This term is often used in contexts related to work, business meetings, or formal events. For example: He bought a new suit「彼は新しい背広を買った」(かれはあたらしいせびろをかった). I need to wear a suit for the meeting「会議のために背広を着る必要がある」(かいぎのためにせびろをきるひつようがある). The word '背広' is commonly associated with Western-style suits and is a staple in Japanese business attire.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4348

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fracture

Reading

Kanji

骨Bone 折Bend, Fold

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '骨折 (こっせつ)' means 'fracture'. It refers to the breaking or cracking of a bone, often due to injury or trauma. This term is commonly used in medical contexts or when discussing injuries. For example: He has a fracture in his arm「彼は腕を骨折した」(かれはうでをこっせつした). The doctor said it's a serious fracture「医者はそれが深刻な骨折だと言った」(いしゃはそれがしんこくなこっせつだといった). Note that '骨折' can also be used metaphorically to describe a situation where someone has put in a lot of effort, as in '骨折り損のくたびれ儲け (こっせりぞんのくたびれもうけ)', meaning 'all that effort for nothing'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4349

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Emphasis

Reading

Kanji

視See, Look 重Heavy

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '重視 (じゅうし)' means 'emphasis' or 'importance'. It is used to indicate that something is given significant attention or priority. This term is often used in contexts where certain aspects, values, or factors are considered more critical than others. For example: The company places emphasis on customer satisfaction「会社は顧客満足を重視する」(かいしゃはこきゃくまんぞくをじゅうしする). Education is given importance in this country「この国では教育が重視される」(このくにではきょういくがじゅうしされる). The word can also be used in various contexts, such as business, education, and personal values, to highlight the significance of a particular element.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4379

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Number

Reading

Kanji

数Number 値Value, Price

Explanation

The Japanese noun '数値 (すうち)' refers to a numerical value or figure. It is commonly used in contexts involving data, statistics, measurements, or calculations. For example: the numerical value is high「数値が高い」(すうちがたかい). Please input the numerical data「数値を入力してください」(すうちをにゅうりょくしてください). This term is often used in technical, scientific, or mathematical contexts to describe specific quantities or measurements.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4381

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Line, Row

Reading

Kanji

並Line, Row

Explanation

The Japanese noun '並び (ならび)' refers to a 'line' or 'row' of things or people arranged in an orderly manner. It can be used to describe physical arrangements, such as a line of trees or a row of seats, as well as abstract sequences, like a series of events. For example: a line of trees「木の並び」(きのならび). A row of houses「家の並び」(いえのならび). The word can also imply a sense of order or sequence, as in 'the order of events'「事件の並び」(じけんのならび).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4391

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Theater

Reading

Kanji

劇Drama 演Perform

Explanation

The Japanese noun '演劇 (えんげき)' refers to 'theater' or 'drama' as a performing art. It encompasses plays, stage performances, and theatrical productions. This term is used to describe both the art form itself and the performances. For example: I enjoy watching theater「私は演劇を見るのが好きです」(わたしはえんげきをみるのがすきです). She is studying theater at university「彼女は大学で演劇を勉強しています」(かのじょはだいがくでえんげきをべんきょうしています). The word can also refer to the broader concept of dramatic arts, including acting, directing, and stagecraft.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4407

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Comedy

Reading

Kanji

劇Drama 喜Rejoice

Explanation

The Japanese noun '喜劇 (きげき)' means 'comedy'. It refers to a genre of entertainment, such as plays, movies, or performances, that is intended to make people laugh. It is often used in contrast to '悲劇 (ひげき)' (tragedy). For example: I enjoy watching comedies「私は喜劇を見るのが好きです」(わたしはきげきをみるのがすきです). This play is a comedy「この劇は喜劇です」(このげきはきげきです). The term can also be used metaphorically to describe situations that are amusing or absurd.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4408

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Adjective

Reading

Kanji

詞Poetry, Words 形Shape 容Contain, Looks

Explanation

The Japanese noun '形容詞 (けいようし)' refers to 'adjective' in English. It is a part of speech that describes or modifies a noun, providing additional information about its qualities or states. In Japanese grammar, 形容詞 specifically refers to i-adjectives, which are a distinct category of adjectives that end in 'い' in their dictionary form. For example: This is a beautiful flower「これは美しい花です」(これはうつくしいはなです). The weather is cold today「今日は寒いです」(きょうはさむいです). Understanding 形容詞 is crucial for constructing descriptive sentences in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4442

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Recognition, Cognition

Reading

Kanji

認Recognize, Admit 知Know

Explanation

The Japanese noun '認知 (にんち)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'recognition', which refers to the acknowledgment or acceptance of something as true or valid. For example: The government's recognition of the new policy was swift「政府の新しい政策に対する認知は迅速だった」(せいふのあたらしいせいさくにたいするにんちはじんそくだった). The second meaning is 'cognition', which refers to the mental processes involved in gaining knowledge and understanding. For example: Cognitive abilities decline with age「認知能力は年齢とともに低下する」(にんちのうりょくはねんれいとともにていかする). It's important to note that '認知' is often used in formal or academic contexts, and the specific meaning can usually be inferred from the context in which it is used.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4444

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Drama

Reading

Kanji

劇Drama

Explanation

The Japanese noun '劇 (げき)' refers to 'drama' or 'theater'. It is commonly used to describe theatrical performances, plays, or dramatic works. This term can be applied to both traditional Japanese theater (like Kabuki or Noh) and modern theater. For example: I watched a drama「劇を見た」(げきをみた). This theater is famous for its dramas「この劇場は劇で有名だ」(このげきじょうはげきでゆうめいだ). The word can also be part of compound nouns, such as '演劇 (えんげき)' (theatrical performance) or '悲劇 (ひげき)' (tragedy).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4465

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Break

Reading

Kanji

割Divide, Split

Explanation

The Japanese verb '割る (わる)' primarily means 'to break' or 'to divide'. It is used when something is physically broken into pieces or when dividing something into parts. For example: I broke the glass「グラスを割った」(グラスをわった). Let's divide the cake「ケーキを割ろう」(ケーキをわろう). Additionally, '割る' can be used in contexts like splitting costs or breaking a record. For instance: We split the bill「割り勘にした」(わりかんにした). He broke the world record「彼は世界記録を割った」(かれはせかいきろくをわった). Note that '割る' often implies a deliberate or forceful action.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4468

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Deeply moved

Reading

Kanji

感Feeling, Sensation 激Violent, Fierce

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '感激 (かんげき)' refers to a state of being deeply moved or emotionally stirred, often due to something profoundly touching or inspiring. It conveys a strong emotional response, such as gratitude, admiration, or awe. For example: I was deeply moved by the movie「その映画に感激しました」(そのえいがにかんげきしました). His speech left me deeply moved「彼のスピーチに感激した」(かれのスピーチにかんげきした). This word is often used in contexts where an experience or event evokes a powerful emotional reaction.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4475

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Excitement

Reading

Kanji

興Interest, Entertain 奮Invigorated

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '興奮 (こうふん)' refers to a state of excitement, agitation, or arousal. It is often used to describe emotional or physical excitement, such as the thrill of an event or the agitation caused by a situation. For example: I felt excitement at the concert「コンサートで興奮を感じた」(コンサートでこうふんをかんじた). The crowd was in a state of excitement「群衆は興奮状態だった」(ぐんしゅうはこうふんじょうたいだった). This word can also be used in contexts like sports, debates, or even scientific discussions to describe heightened energy or tension.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4478

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Signboard

Reading

Kanji

板Board 看Watch

Explanation

The Japanese noun '看板 (かんばん)' refers to a 'signboard' or 'sign', typically used to display information such as the name of a business, advertisements, or directions. It is commonly seen outside shops, restaurants, and other establishments. For example: The signboard is bright「看板が明るい」(かんばんがあかるい). The restaurant's signboard is easy to see「レストランの看板が見やすい」(レストランのかんばんがみやすい). Additionally, '看板' can metaphorically refer to something that represents or symbolizes a business or organization, such as a flagship product or service.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4479

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Everywhere

Reading

Kanji

至Arrive, Climax 所Place

Explanation

The Japanese noun '至る所 (いたるところ)' means 'everywhere'. It is used to describe a situation or condition that is present in all places or locations. This word is often used to emphasize the widespread nature of something. For example: There are flowers everywhere「至る所に花がある」(いたるところにはながある). Problems are everywhere「至る所に問題がある」(いたるところにもんだいがある). The word can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as 'everywhere in the world'「世界の至る所」(せかいのいたるところ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4486

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Expansion

Reading

Kanji

張Spread, Stretch 拡Expand, Broaden

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '拡張 (かくちょう)' means 'expansion'. It refers to the act of making something larger or more extensive, often used in contexts such as technology, business, or physical spaces. For example: The company is planning an expansion「会社は拡張を計画している」(かいしゃはかくちょうをけいかくしている). The software supports memory expansion「そのソフトウェアはメモリの拡張をサポートしている」(そのソフトウェアはメモリのかくちょうをサポートしている). This term is commonly used in technical or formal settings and implies growth or extension beyond current limits.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4506

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Clothing

Reading

Kanji

服Obey, Clothing 装Dress, Attire

Explanation

The Japanese noun '服装 (ふくそう)' refers to 'clothing' or 'attire'. It is used to describe the clothes someone is wearing, often in the context of their style, formality, or appropriateness for a situation. For example: Her clothing is stylish「彼女の服装はおしゃれだ」(かのじょのふくそうはおしゃれだ). The dress code requires formal clothing「ドレスコードは正式な服装を必要とします」(ドレスコードはせいしきなふくそうをひつようとします). This word is commonly used in discussions about fashion, events, or workplace attire.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4521

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Carve, Chop

Reading

Kanji

刻Engrave

Explanation

The Japanese verb '刻む (きざむ)' primarily means 'to chop' or 'to carve'. It is used to describe the action of cutting something into small pieces or engraving marks into a surface. For example: She chopped the vegetables finely「彼女は野菜を細かく刻んだ」(かのじょはやさいをこまかくきざんだ). The artist carved his name into the stone「芸術家は石に名前を刻んだ」(げいじゅつかはいしになまえをきざんだ). This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe something being deeply etched into memory or time, as in 'memories carved into my heart'「心に刻まれた思い出」(こころにきざまれたおもいで).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4530

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Different

Reading

Kanji

異Rare, Different

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '異 (い)' means 'different' or 'unusual'. It is commonly used to form compound words that indicate something is different, unusual, or distinct from the norm. For example: different culture「異文化」(いぶんか). unusual phenomenon「異現象」(いげんしょう). This prefix is often used in formal or academic contexts to denote something that stands out or deviates from the standard. It can also imply a sense of otherness or foreignness, as in '異国 (いこく) (foreign country)'.

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4554

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Repayment

Reading

Kanji

返Return 済Finish, Settle

Explanation

The Japanese noun '返済 (へんさい)' refers to the act of repaying or settling a debt, loan, or obligation. It is commonly used in financial contexts, such as repaying a loan or mortgage. For example: I will repay the loan next month「来月にローンを返済します」(らいげつにローンをへんさいします). The repayment period is five years「返済期間は5年です」(へんさいきかんはごねんです). This word emphasizes the completion of a financial obligation and is often used in formal or business settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4563

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Silk

Reading

Kanji

絹Silk

Explanation

The Japanese noun '絹 (きぬ)' refers to 'silk', a natural fiber produced by silkworms and used to make fine fabrics. This word is often used in contexts related to clothing, textiles, or traditional crafts. For example: This kimono is made of silk「この着物は絹でできています」(このきものはきぬでできています). Silk is soft and smooth「絹は柔らかくて滑らかです」(きぬはやわらかくてなめらかです). The term can also appear in compound words, such as '絹糸 (きぬいと)' (silk thread) or '絹織物 (きぬおりもの)' (silk fabric).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4568

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pain

Reading

Kanji

苦Suffer 痛Pain

Explanation

The Japanese noun '苦痛 (くつう)' refers to 'pain', particularly in the context of physical or emotional suffering. It is often used to describe intense discomfort or distress. For example: He endured great pain「彼は大きな苦痛に耐えた」(かれはおおきなくつうにたえた). The pain was unbearable「その苦痛は耐えられなかった」(そのくつうはたえられなかった). This word can be used in both literal and metaphorical contexts, such as physical injuries or emotional hardships. It carries a strong connotation of suffering and is typically used in serious or grave situations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4577

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Respect

Reading

Kanji

尊Respect, Revered 重Heavy

Explanation

The Japanese noun '尊重 (そんちょう)' means 'respect'. It refers to the act of valuing or holding someone or something in high regard. This term is often used in contexts where one acknowledges the importance, rights, or dignity of others. For example: We must respect the opinions of others「他人の意見を尊重しなければならない」(たにんのいけんをそんちょうしなければならない). Respect for nature is essential「自然を尊重することが大切だ」(しぜんをそんちょうすることがたいせつだ). The word can also be used in formal or professional settings to emphasize the importance of mutual respect.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4580

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Honest, Sincere

Reading

Kanji

誠Sincerity 実Fruit, Truth

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '誠実 (せいじつ)' conveys the qualities of sincerity and honesty. It is used to describe someone who is genuine, trustworthy, and acts with integrity. This word is often used to praise someone's character or behavior. For example: He is a sincere person「彼は誠実な人です」(かれはせいじつなひとです). She answered honestly「彼女は誠実に答えた」(かのじょはせいじつにこたえた). The term can also be applied to actions or attitudes, emphasizing a lack of deceit or ulterior motives. Note that while 'sincere' and 'honest' are closely related, they are distinct enough to warrant separate meanings in this context.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4588

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Active, Prosperous

Reading

Kanji

盛Prosper

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '盛ん (さかん)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'prosperous', which refers to something thriving or flourishing, such as a business or a region. For example: the town is prosperous「その町は盛んだ」(そのまちはさかんだ). The second meaning is 'active', which describes something lively or vigorous, often used for activities or events. For example: the discussion was active「議論が盛んだった」(ぎろんがさかんだった). The word can also describe enthusiasm or intensity in actions or phenomena, such as '盛んな拍手 (さかんなはくしゅ)' (vigorous applause).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4589

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bible

Reading

Kanji

聖Saint, Holy 書Write

Explanation

The Japanese noun '聖書 (せいしょ)' refers to the 'Bible', the sacred text of Christianity. It is used to denote the collection of religious writings considered authoritative in Christianity, including the Old and New Testaments. For example: I read the Bible every day「私は毎日聖書を読みます」(わたしはまいにちせいしょをよみます). The Bible is an important book「聖書は重要な本です」(せいしょはじゅうようなほんです). This word is specifically tied to the Christian context and is not used to refer to religious texts of other religions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4601

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Verb

Reading

Kanji

詞Poetry, Words 動Move

Explanation

The Japanese noun '動詞 (どうし)' means 'verb'. It refers to a part of speech that describes an action, state, or occurrence. In Japanese grammar, verbs are essential for constructing sentences and are typically placed at the end of a sentence. For example: The verb 'to eat' is '食べる (たべる)'「動詞の例は食べるです」(どうしのれいはたべるです). Learning verbs is crucial for understanding and forming sentences in Japanese, as they often change form to indicate tense, politeness, or other grammatical aspects.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4603

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Spring

Reading

Kanji

泉Spring, Fountain

Explanation

The Japanese noun '泉 (いずみ)' refers to a natural spring or fountain, typically a source of water that flows from the ground. It can also metaphorically represent a source of something valuable or abundant, such as knowledge or inspiration. For example: the spring is clear「泉は澄んでいる」(いずみはすんでいる). This place is like a spring of wisdom「この場所は知恵の泉のようだ」(このばしょはちえのいずみのようだ). The word is often used in both literal and figurative contexts, emphasizing purity, freshness, or abundance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4609

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Secretary

Reading

Kanji

書Write 秘Secret

Explanation

The Japanese noun '秘書 (ひしょ)' refers to a 'secretary', someone who assists in administrative tasks, manages schedules, and handles correspondence, often for executives or high-ranking officials. This term is commonly used in professional settings. Example sentences: She is the president's secretary「彼女は社長の秘書です」(かのじょはしゃちょうのひしょです). I need to hire a new secretary「新しい秘書を雇う必要があります」(あたらしいひしょをやとうひつようがあります). The role of a secretary often involves confidentiality and organizational skills.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4612

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Group (of people), Squad

Reading

Kanji

班Group, Squad

Explanation

The Japanese noun '班 (はん)' refers to a small group or squad, often organized for a specific purpose or task. It is commonly used in contexts such as school activities, work projects, or military units. For example: The students formed a group for the project「学生たちはプロジェクトのための班を作った」(がくせいたちはぷろじぇくとのためのはんをつくった). The squad completed the mission successfully「班は任務を成功させた」(はんはにんむをせいこうさせた). The word emphasizes the organized and functional nature of the group, rather than just a casual gathering.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4625

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Progress

Reading

Kanji

展Unfold, Expand 進Advance

Explanation

The Japanese noun '進展 (しんてん)' means 'progress' or 'advancement'. It is used to describe the development or forward movement of a situation, project, or event. This word is often used in formal or professional contexts, such as business, research, or negotiations. For example: The project is making progress「プロジェクトは進展している」(ぷろじぇくとはしんてんしている). There has been significant progress in the negotiations「交渉に大きな進展があった」(こうしょうにおおきなしんてんがあった). Note that '進展' emphasizes measurable or noticeable progress, rather than gradual or subtle changes.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4653

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bereaved

Reading

Kanji

族Family 遺Leave behind

Explanation

The Japanese noun '遺族 (いぞく)' refers to the family members or relatives left behind after someone's death. It is commonly used in contexts such as condolences, legal matters, or compensation for the deceased. For example: The bereaved family received condolences「遺族はお悔やみを受けました」(いぞくはおくやみをうけました). The government provided support to the bereaved「政府は遺族に支援を提供しました」(せいふはいぞくにしえんをていきょうしました). This term is often used in formal or official settings and carries a respectful tone.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4658

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dusk

Reading

Kanji

暮Livelihood

Explanation

The Japanese noun '暮れ (くれ)' refers to the time of day when the sun is setting and it is becoming dark, commonly translated as 'dusk' or 'evening'. It is often used to describe the period at the end of the day, but can also metaphorically refer to the end of a season or period in life. For example: The sky at dusk is beautiful「暮れの空は美しい」(くれのそらはうつくしい). The year is coming to an end「年の暮れが近づいている」(としのくれがちかづいている).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4678

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dangerous

Reading

Kanji

危Dangerous

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '危ない (あぶない)' primarily means 'dangerous'. It is used to describe situations, actions, or objects that pose a risk or threat. For example: that road is dangerous「その道は危ない」(そのみちはあぶない). It can also imply a sense of urgency or warning, such as 'be careful' or 'watch out'. For instance: watch out, it's dangerous!「危ない、気をつけて！」(あぶない、きをつけて！). Additionally, '危ない' can sometimes be used colloquially to describe something as 'risky' or 'precarious', like a risky bet「危ない賭け」(あぶないかけ).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4683

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Logic, Sequence

Reading

Kanji

道Way 筋Muscle, Tendon

Explanation

The Japanese noun '筋道 (すじみち)' refers to a logical sequence or a coherent line of reasoning. It is often used to describe a well-structured argument, a clear process, or a systematic approach to solving a problem. For example: His explanation lacks logic「彼の説明には筋道がない」(かれのせつめいにはすじみちがない). Follow the proper sequence「筋道を追ってください」(すじみちをおってください). The word emphasizes the importance of clarity and order in thought or action.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4710

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cushion

Reading

Kanji

布Cloth, Linen 座Sit, Seat 団Group, Association

Explanation

The Japanese noun '座布団 (ざぶとん)' refers to a traditional Japanese cushion used for sitting on the floor. It is typically square-shaped, filled with cotton or other soft material, and often placed on tatami mats. '座布団' is commonly used in Japanese homes, especially during tea ceremonies or when sitting at a low table. Example sentences: Please sit on the cushion「座布団に座ってください」(ざぶとんにすわってください). This cushion is very comfortable「この座布団はとても快適です」(このざぶとんはとてもかいてきです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4712

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Theater

Reading

Kanji

劇Drama 場Place

Explanation

The Japanese noun '劇場 (げきじょう)' refers to a 'theater', specifically a place where performances such as plays, musicals, or movies are held. It is commonly used to describe venues for live performances or cinemas. For example: Let's go to the theater「劇場に行きましょう」(げきじょうにいきましょう). The theater is crowded today「劇場は今日混んでいます」(げきじょうはきょうこんでいます). This word is often used in contexts related to entertainment and cultural events.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4734

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vertical

Reading

Kanji

垂Hang down 直Straight, Repair

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '垂直 (すいちょく)' means 'vertical'. It is used to describe something that is perpendicular to the horizon or at a right angle to a horizontal plane. This term is commonly used in contexts such as geometry, architecture, and everyday descriptions. For example: the wall is vertical「壁は垂直です」(かべはすいちょくです). The tower stands vertically「塔は垂直に立っている」(とうはすいちょくにたっている). It can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is straightforward or direct, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4748

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bow, Worship

Reading

Kanji

拝Worship

Explanation

The Japanese verb '拝む (おがむ)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to worship', often used in religious or spiritual contexts, such as praying to a deity or showing reverence. The second meaning is 'to bow deeply', which can signify respect, humility, or supplication. For example: She worships at the shrine every morning「彼女は毎朝神社で拝む」(かのじょはまいあさじんじゃでおがむ). He bowed deeply to show his gratitude「彼は感謝の気持ちを表すために拝んだ」(かれはかんしゃのきもちをあらわすためにおがんだ). The verb is often associated with formal or ceremonial actions.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4762

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Command

Reading

Kanji

揮Wield, Display 指Finger

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '指揮 (しき)' means 'command' or 'directing'. It is commonly used in contexts where someone is leading or managing a group, such as in military, musical, or organizational settings. For example: The conductor is directing the orchestra「指揮者がオーケストラを指揮している」(しきしゃがオーケストラをしきしている). The general commanded the troops「将軍が部隊を指揮した」(しょうぐんがぶたいをしきした). This word emphasizes the act of guiding or controlling a group or activity, often with authority or expertise.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4764

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Salvation

Reading

Kanji

救Rescue 済Finish, Settle

Explanation

The Japanese noun '救済 (きゅうさい)' primarily means 'salvation' or 'relief'. It is often used in contexts related to saving or rescuing someone from a difficult situation, whether it be physical, emotional, or spiritual. This term can be found in both religious and secular contexts. For example: The charity provided salvation to the victims「その慈善団体は被害者に救済を提供した」(そのじぜんだんたいはひがいしゃにきゅうさいをていきょうした). The government announced a relief plan for the disaster-stricken area「政府は被災地への救済策を発表した」(せいふはひさいちへのきゅうさいさくをはっぴょうした). In religious contexts, it often refers to spiritual salvation, such as in the phrase '救済の道 (きゅうさいのみち)', meaning 'the path to salvation'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4765

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Damage, Hurt

Reading

Kanji

傷Wound, Injury 付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese verb '傷付ける (きずつける)' can mean both 'to hurt' (emotionally or physically) and 'to damage' (physically). It is often used to describe causing harm to someone's feelings or injuring something physically. For example: I hurt her feelings「彼女の気持ちを傷付けた」(かのじょのきもちをきずつけた). The storm damaged the roof「嵐が屋根を傷付けた」(あらしがやねをきずつけた). The verb can be used in various contexts, but it generally implies causing some form of harm or injury.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4779

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lines

Reading

Kanji

詞Poetry, Words 台Pedestal, Machine

Explanation

The Japanese noun '台詞 (せりふ)' refers to the lines or dialogue spoken by a character in a play, movie, or any performance. It can also be used more broadly to refer to what someone says in a particular situation, often implying that the words are scripted or rehearsed. For example: The actor forgot his lines「俳優は台詞を忘れた」(はいゆうはせりふをわすれた). She always has the same lines「彼女はいつも同じ台詞を言う」(かのじょはいつもおなじせりふをいう). This term is commonly used in the context of theater and film, but can also be applied to everyday situations where someone is repeating a familiar or expected statement.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4804

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Inspector

Reading

Kanji

警Warn 部Section, Department

Explanation

The Japanese noun '警部 (けいぶ)' refers to a police inspector, a specific rank within the Japanese police force. This term is used to denote a senior officer who typically oversees investigations or commands a police station. For example: The inspector solved the case「警部が事件を解決した」(けいぶがじけんをかいけつした). He was promoted to inspector「彼は警部に昇進した」(かれはけいぶにしょうしんした). The rank of '警部' is above '警部補 (けいぶほ)' and below '警視 (けいし)' in the Japanese police hierarchy.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4820

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Accommodation

Reading

Kanji

容Contain, Looks 収Obtain

Explanation

The Japanese noun '収容 (しゅうよう)' refers to the act of accommodating or housing people, objects, or animals within a space. It is often used in contexts such as facilities, shelters, or institutions where individuals or items are contained or housed. For example: The shelter accommodates 100 people「その避難所は100人を収容する」(そのひなんじょは100にんをしゅうようする). The prison can house up to 500 inmates「その刑務所は500人まで収容できる」(そのけいむしょは500にんまでしゅうようできる). This word can also be used in broader contexts, such as data storage or event capacity, but its core meaning revolves around the concept of containment or accommodation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4823

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Government

Reading

Kanji

官Government, Bureaucrat 庁Government office, Agency

Explanation

The Japanese noun '官庁 (かんちょう)' refers to a government office or agency. It is used to describe the administrative bodies or institutions that are part of the government. This term is often used in formal contexts when discussing governmental operations or structures. For example: The government office is located in Tokyo「官庁は東京にあります」(かんちょうはとうきょうにあります). He works at a government agency「彼は官庁で働いています」(かれはかんちょうではたらいています). The term can also be used more broadly to refer to the collective administrative bodies of the government.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4872

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Prefecture office

Reading

Kanji

庁Government office, Agency 県Prefecture

Explanation

The Japanese noun '県庁 (けんちょう)' refers to the 'prefecture office' or 'prefectural government office'. This is the administrative center of a prefecture in Japan, where local government affairs are managed. It is typically the main building where the governor and other government officials work. Example sentences include: The prefecture office is near the station 「県庁は駅の近くです」 (けんちょうはえきのちかくです). I went to the prefecture office today 「今日は県庁に行きました」 (きょうはけんちょうにいきました). Note that '県庁' is specifically used for the prefectural level, distinct from city or ward offices.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4873

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Respect

Reading

Kanji

敬Respect

Explanation

The Japanese verb '敬う (うやまう)' means 'to respect' or 'to honor'. It is used to express deep respect or reverence towards someone, often someone of higher status, such as elders, teachers, or deities. This verb carries a formal and respectful tone, and it is commonly used in contexts where showing deference is important. Example sentences: We respect our ancestors「私たちは先祖を敬う」(わたしたちはせんぞをうやまう). He respects his teacher deeply「彼は先生を深く敬う」(かれはせんせいをふかくうやまう). The verb is often used in formal or ceremonial contexts, emphasizing a sense of dignity and reverence.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4888

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stock price

Reading

Kanji

株Shares, Stocks 価Price

Explanation

The Japanese noun '株価 (かぶか)' refers to the 'stock price' or 'share price' of a company. It is commonly used in financial and business contexts to discuss the value of stocks traded on the market. For example: The stock price rose sharply「株価が急上昇した」(かぶかがきゅうじょうしょうした). The stock price of that company is high「あの会社の株価は高い」(あのかいしゃのかぶかはたかい). This term is essential in discussions about investments, market trends, and economic news.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4902

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Public

Reading

Kanji

衆Multitude 公Public

Explanation

The Japanese noun '公衆 (こうしゅう)' refers to 'the public' or 'the general populace'. It is commonly used in contexts relating to public spaces, public services, or public opinion. For example: public restroom「公衆トイレ」(こうしゅうトイレ). Public opinion is important「公衆の意見は重要です」(こうしゅうのいけんはじゅうようです). The term often carries a formal tone and is frequently used in official or societal contexts. It can also imply a collective group of people, as in '公衆の面前 (こうしゅうのめんぜん) (in front of the public)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4906

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

House of Representatives

Reading

Kanji

衆Multitude 議Deliberation 院Institution

Explanation

The Japanese noun '衆議院 (しゅうぎいん)' refers to the 'House of Representatives', which is the lower house of Japan's bicameral parliament, the National Diet. It is one of the two legislative chambers, the other being the House of Councilors (参議院, さんぎいん). The House of Representatives holds significant power, including the ability to override decisions made by the House of Councillors in certain situations. For example: The bill was passed by the House of Representatives「その法案は衆議院で可決された」(そのほうあんはしゅうぎいんでかけつされた). Members of the House of Representatives are elected by the public「衆議院議員は国民によって選ばれる」(しゅうぎいんぎいんはこくみんによってえらばれる).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4907

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Crowd

Reading

Kanji

衆Multitude 観View

Explanation

The Japanese noun '観衆 (かんしゅう)' refers to a 'crowd' or 'audience', typically gathered to watch an event, performance, or spectacle. It emphasizes the collective group of people observing something. For example: The crowd cheered loudly「観衆は大声で歓声を上げた」(かんしゅうはおおごえでかんせいをあげた). The audience was captivated by the performance「観衆はそのパフォーマンスに引き込まれた」(かんしゅうはそのぱふぉーまんすにひきこまれた). This word is often used in contexts like sports events, concerts, or public gatherings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4908

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Crowd

Reading

Kanji

衆Multitude 群Group, Flock

Explanation

The Japanese noun '群衆 (ぐんしゅう)' refers to a 'crowd' or a large group of people gathered together. It is often used to describe a mass of people in public spaces, such as during events, protests, or in busy areas. The word carries a neutral tone and can be used in both positive and negative contexts. For example: The crowd cheered loudly「群衆は大声で歓声を上げた」(ぐんしゅうはおおごえでかんせいをあげた). The crowd dispersed quickly「群衆はすぐに解散した」(ぐんしゅうはすぐにかいさんした). Note that '群衆' emphasizes the collective nature of the group, often implying a sense of unity or shared purpose among the individuals.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4909

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Improvement

Reading

Kanji

改Reform 善Good, Virtuous

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '改善 (かいぜん)' means 'improvement'. It refers to the act of making something better or enhancing its quality, often used in contexts like business, processes, or personal development. For example: We need to make improvements to the system「システムの改善が必要です」(システムのかいぜんがひつようです). The company is working on improving its services「会社はサービスの改善に取り組んでいます」(かいしゃはサービスのかいぜんにとりくんでいます). This word is commonly used in professional or formal settings to describe efforts to refine or optimize something.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4944

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Friendship

Reading

Kanji

善Good, Virtuous 親Parent

Explanation

The Japanese noun '親善 (しんぜん)' refers to 'friendship' or 'goodwill' between people, groups, or nations. It is often used in formal or diplomatic contexts to describe efforts to foster positive relationships and mutual understanding. For example: The event promoted international friendship「そのイベントは国際親善を促進した」(そのイベントはこくさいしんぜんをそくしんした). They exchanged gifts as a gesture of goodwill「彼らは親善の印として贈り物を交換した」(かれらはしんぜんのしるしとしておくりものをこうかんした). The term can also be used in phrases like '親善試合 (しんぜんしあい)', meaning a friendly match or exhibition game.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4945

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mainly

Reading

Kanji

専Exclusive, Specialty

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '専ら (もっぱら)' means 'mainly' or 'primarily'. It is used to indicate that something is done or focused on exclusively or predominantly. This adverb often implies that the subject is concentrating on one particular thing to the exclusion of others. For example: He mainly focuses on his studies「彼は専ら勉強に集中している」(かれはもっぱらべんきょうにしゅうちゅうしている). She mainly eats vegetables「彼女は専ら野菜を食べる」(かのじょはもっぱらやさいをたべる). The word can also carry a nuance of exclusivity or specialization, suggesting that the action or focus is not just primary but almost entirely so.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4946

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Crowd

Reading

Kanji

衆Multitude

Explanation

The Japanese noun '衆 (しゅう)' primarily means 'crowd' or 'multitude'. It refers to a large group of people gathered together. This term is often used in formal or literary contexts and can also imply a sense of collectivity or the masses. For example: The crowd cheered loudly「衆は大声で歓声を上げた」(しゅうはおおごえでかんせいをあげた). He addressed the assembled crowd「彼は集まった衆に話しかけた」(かれはあつまったしゅうにはなしかけた). Note that '衆' can sometimes be part of compound words, such as '大衆 (たいしゅう)', which means 'the general public' or 'the masses'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4947

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Autumn leaves

Reading

Kanji

葉Leaf 紅Crimson

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '紅葉 (こうよう)' refers to the phenomenon of leaves changing color in autumn, often specifically to the vibrant reds and yellows seen in Japanese maple trees. It is also used to describe the act of leaves changing color. This word is deeply tied to the appreciation of seasonal beauty in Japanese culture. Example sentences: The autumn leaves are beautiful「紅葉がきれいです」(こうようがきれいです). Let's go see the autumn leaves「紅葉を見に行きましょう」(こうようをみにいきましょう).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4954

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lipstick

Reading

Kanji

口Mouth 紅Crimson

Explanation

The Japanese noun '口紅 (くちべに)' refers to 'lipstick', a cosmetic product applied to the lips to add color or texture. It is commonly used in everyday conversations about makeup and beauty. Example sentences: She bought a new lipstick「彼女は新しい口紅を買った」(かのじょはあたらしいくちべにをかった). This lipstick color is beautiful「この口紅の色はきれい」(このくちべにのいろはきれい). The word is a combination of '口 (くち)', meaning 'mouth', and '紅 (べに)', meaning 'red' or 'crimson', reflecting its traditional association with red pigments.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4955

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pickled plum

Reading

Kanji

干Dry 梅Apricot, Plum

Explanation

The Japanese noun '梅干 (うめぼし)' refers to pickled plums, a traditional Japanese food made by pickling ume fruits in salt and drying them. They are known for their sour and salty taste and are often eaten with rice or used as a flavoring in bento boxes. Example sentences: I like pickled plums「梅干が好きです」(うめぼしがすきです). Pickled plums are good for your health「梅干は健康に良いです」(うめぼしはけんこうにいいです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4959

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Inheritance

Reading

Kanji

産Give birth 遺Leave behind

Explanation

The Japanese noun '遺産 (いさん)' primarily refers to 'inheritance' or 'legacy'. It is commonly used in legal and personal contexts to denote property, money, or assets left behind by someone after their death. It can also refer to cultural or historical legacies. For example: he received a large inheritance「彼は大きな遺産を受け取った」(かれはおおきないさんをうけとった). This temple is a cultural heritage「この寺は文化遺産です」(このてらはぶんかいさんです). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe intangible legacies, such as knowledge or traditions passed down through generations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4982

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Performance

Reading

Kanji

奏Play music 演Perform

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '演奏 (えんそう)' refers to the act of performing music, typically on an instrument or as part of an ensemble. It is commonly used in contexts involving concerts, recitals, or any musical presentation. For example: The piano performance was beautiful「ピアノの演奏は美しかった」(ぴあののえんそうはうつくしかった). I will attend a violin performance tomorrow「明日、バイオリンの演奏を聴きに行きます」(あした、ばいおりんのえんそうをききにいきます). This word is often associated with formal or artistic settings and emphasizes the act of playing music rather than just listening to it.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4995

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Noun

Reading

Kanji

詞Poetry, Words 名Name

Explanation

The Japanese noun '名詞 (めいし)' refers to a part of speech in grammar, specifically a 'noun'. Nouns are words that represent people, places, things, or ideas. In Japanese, nouns do not change form based on number or gender, unlike in some other languages. For example: This is a noun「これは名詞です」(これはめいしです). In Japanese, nouns are often used with particles like 'は' or 'が' to indicate the subject or topic of a sentence. For instance: The word 'cat' is a noun「'猫'は名詞です」('ねこ'はめいしです). Understanding nouns is fundamental to mastering Japanese grammar, as they form the backbone of most sentences.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5002

Composition

kanji

Handwriting