word

Meaning

Synthesis, Combination

Reading

Kanji

合Fit, Match 成Become

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '合成 (ごうせい)' refers to the act of combining or synthesizing elements to create something new. It is commonly used in scientific, technical, and artistic contexts. For example, in chemistry, it refers to the synthesis of compounds, while in music or video production, it refers to combining sounds or images. Example sentences: The synthesis of new materials is important「新しい材料の合成は重要です」(あたらしいざいりょうのごうせいはじゅうようです). This song is a combination of different genres「この曲は異なるジャンルの合成です」(このきょくはことなるじゃんるのごうせいです). Note that '合成' often implies a deliberate and purposeful combination of elements.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3485

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Adult

Reading

Kanji

成Become 人Person

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '成人 (せいじん)' refers to an 'adult' or the state of being an adult. It is commonly used to describe someone who has reached the legal age of adulthood, which in Japan is 20 years old. The term is often used in contexts such as '成人式 (せいじんしき)', which refers to the Coming of Age Ceremony held for those who have turned 20. Example sentences: He became an adult「彼は成人した」(かれはせいじんした). The Coming of Age Ceremony is for new adults「成人式は新成人のためのものです」(せいじんしきはしんせいじんのためのものです).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3486

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unemployment

Reading

Kanji

失Lose, Fault 業Business

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '失業 (しつぎょう)' refers to the state of being unemployed or losing one's job. It is commonly used in contexts related to economics, job markets, and personal situations. For example: unemployment is increasing「失業が増えている」(しつぎょうがふえている). He lost his job due to the company's bankruptcy「会社の倒産で彼は失業した」(かいしゃのとうさんでかれはしつぎょうした). The term can also be used in compound words like '失業率 (しつぎょうりつ)' (unemployment rate) or '失業保険 (しつぎょうほけん)' (unemployment insurance).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3488

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Work

Reading

Kanji

勤Diligence

Explanation

The Japanese verb '勤める (つとめる)' means 'to work' or 'to be employed'. It specifically refers to working at a job or being employed by a company or organization. This verb is often used to describe one's occupation or employment status. For example: I work at a bank「私は銀行に勤めています」(わたしはぎんこうにつとめています). He works for a big company「彼は大きな会社に勤めている」(かれはおおきなかいしゃにつとめている). Note that '勤める' is distinct from other work-related verbs like '働く (はたらく)', which is more general and can refer to any kind of work or labor.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3489

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Failure

Reading

Kanji

失Lose, Fault 敗Defeat

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '失敗 (しっぱい)' means 'failure'. It refers to the act of failing to achieve a desired result or making a mistake. This word is commonly used in various contexts, such as academic, professional, or personal situations. For example: I made a mistake in the exam「試験で失敗した」(しけんでしっぱいした). He failed in his attempt to climb the mountain「彼は山登りに失敗した」(かれはやまのぼりにしっぱいした). It can also be used to describe a failed experiment or project: The experiment was a failure「その実験は失敗だった」(そのじっけんはしっぱいだった).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3490

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Outcome

Reading

Kanji

勝Victory 敗Defeat

Explanation

The Japanese noun '勝敗 (しょうはい)' refers to the outcome or result of a competition, match, or battle, specifically whether it is a win or a loss. It is commonly used in contexts involving sports, games, or any competitive scenario. For example: The outcome of the game was decided「試合の勝敗が決まった」(しあいのしょうはいがきまった). The team focused on the outcome「チームは勝敗に集中した」(チームはしょうはいにしゅうちゅうした). This word emphasizes the final result rather than the process of competing.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3492

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Solve, Untie

Reading

Kanji

解Solve, Untie

Explanation

The Japanese verb '解く (とく)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to solve', as in solving a problem or puzzle. For example: I solved the math problem「数学の問題を解いた」(すうがくのもんだいをといた). The second meaning is 'to untie', as in untying a knot or untying something that is bound. For example: He untied the rope「彼はロープを解いた」(かれはロープをといた). The verb can also be used metaphorically, such as untying a mystery or solving a riddle. The context will usually make it clear which meaning is intended.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3493

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Nuclear

Reading

Kanji

原Meadow, Original 子Child 力Power

Explanation

The Japanese noun '原子力 (げんしりょく)' means 'nuclear' and refers to the energy or power derived from atomic reactions, particularly nuclear fission or fusion. This term is commonly used in contexts related to energy production, weapons, and scientific research. For example: nuclear power plant「原子力発電所」(げんしりょくはつでんしょ). The government is promoting nuclear energy「政府は原子力を推進している」(せいふはげんしりょくをすいしんしている). It's important to note that this term carries significant implications due to its association with both energy and weaponry, and its usage often reflects broader societal and political discussions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3497

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mechanism, Organization

Reading

Kanji

機Machine, Opportunity 構Structure, Care

Explanation

The Japanese noun '機構 (きこう)' can mean 'mechanism' or 'organization', depending on the context. When referring to 'mechanism', it describes the physical or functional structure of a system or device. For example: the mechanism of this clock is complex「この時計の機構は複雑だ」(このとけいのきこうはふくざつだ). When referring to 'organization', it describes an organized body or system, such as a company or institution. For example: the organization of this company is efficient「この会社の機構は効率的だ」(このかいしゃのきこうはこうりつてきだ). The word is often used in technical, scientific, or administrative contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3498

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hold, Consist

Reading

Kanji

成Become 立Stand

Explanation

The Japanese verb '成り立つ (なりたつ)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'to consist of' or 'to be composed of', often used to describe the components or elements that make up something. For example: This theory consists of three parts「この理論は三つの部分で成り立つ」(このりろんはみっつのぶぶんでなりたつ). The second meaning is 'to hold true' or 'to be valid', used to describe whether a statement, argument, or condition remains valid or applicable. For example: His argument holds true「彼の主張は成り立つ」(かれのしゅちょうはなりたつ). The verb is commonly used in formal or academic contexts to discuss the structure or validity of ideas, theories, or systems.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3501

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Plateau

Reading

Kanji

高High, Expensive 原Meadow, Original

Explanation

The Japanese noun '高原 (こうげん)' refers to a 'plateau', which is a flat, elevated landform that rises sharply above the surrounding area on at least one side. This term is commonly used in geography and travel contexts to describe highland areas. For example: The plateau is beautiful「高原は美しい」(こうげんはうつくしい). We went hiking on the plateau「高原でハイキングをしました」(こうげんでハイキングをしました). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe a state of stability or a high level, such as in economic or emotional contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3502

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Application

Reading

Kanji

願Request, Wish 書Write

Explanation

The Japanese noun '願書 (がんしょ)' refers to a formal written application or petition. It is commonly used in contexts such as applying for schools, jobs, or official permits. The term carries a formal tone and is often associated with official or bureaucratic processes. Example sentences: Please submit the application by tomorrow「願書を明日までに提出してください」(がんしょをあしたまでにていしゅつしてください). I filled out the application form「願書に記入しました」(がんしょにきにゅうしました). Note that '願書' is typically used in written or formal contexts, and it implies a request or desire for something to be granted.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3507

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Commit

Reading

Kanji

犯Crime

Explanation

The Japanese verb '犯す (おかす)' primarily means 'to commit' and is most often used in the context of committing a crime, sin, or wrongdoing. It carries a strong negative connotation and is typically associated with serious offenses. For example: he committed a crime「彼は罪を犯した」(かれはつみをおかした). It can also be used in a broader sense to mean 'to violate' or 'to transgress', such as violating a rule or moral boundary. For example: she violated the rules「彼女はルールを犯した」(かのじょはルールをおかした). This verb is not used in casual or positive contexts and should be handled with care due to its serious implications.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3510

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Suffer

Reading

Kanji

苦Suffer

Explanation

The Japanese verb '苦しむ (くるしむ)' means 'to suffer'. It is used to describe physical, emotional, or mental suffering. This verb can be applied to various contexts, such as enduring pain, struggling with a problem, or experiencing hardship. For example: he suffers from a chronic illness「彼は慢性の病気で苦しんでいる」(かれはまんせいのびょうきでくるしんでいる). Many people suffer from loneliness「多くの人が孤独に苦しんでいる」(おおくのひとがこどくにくるしんでいる). The verb can also be used metaphorically, such as in '苦しむ心 (くるしむこころ)' (a suffering heart).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3511

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Really

Reading

Kanji

果Fruit

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '果たして (はたして)' is used to express doubt, uncertainty, or to question whether something is truly the case. It often implies skepticism or curiosity about the outcome or truth of a situation. For example: I wonder if he will really come「果たして彼は来るだろうか」(はたしてかれはくるだろうか). Can it really be true?「果たしてそれは本当だろうか」(はたしてそれはほんとうだろうか). This adverb is commonly used in rhetorical questions or when the speaker is unsure about the result of something.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3513

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Correct

Reading

Kanji

正Correct 解Solve, Untie

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '正解 (せいかい)' means 'correct' or 'correct answer'. It is commonly used in contexts such as quizzes, tests, or any situation where a correct response is expected. For example: The correct answer is A「正解はAです」(せいかいはAです). Did you get the correct answer?「正解は分かりましたか？」(せいかいはわかりましたか？). It can also be used to indicate that someone has made the right decision or choice, as in 'That was the correct choice'「それが正解だった」(それがせいかいだった).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3517

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Square

Reading

Kanji

正Correct 方Direction 形Shape

Explanation

The Japanese noun '正方形 (せいほうけい)' refers to a geometric shape with four equal sides and four right angles, commonly known as a 'square'. This term is used in both mathematical and everyday contexts to describe objects or shapes that fit this definition. For example: This is a square「これは正方形です」(これはせいほうけいです). The table is square「そのテーブルは正方形です」(そのテーブルはせいほうけいです). It's important to note that '正方形' specifically refers to the shape and not to the concept of being fair or equitable, which is a different meaning of the word 'square' in English.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3518

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Kneel

Reading

Kanji

正Correct 座Sit, Seat

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '正座 (せいざ)' refers to the traditional Japanese way of sitting on the floor with one's legs folded underneath, knees bent, and feet tucked under the buttocks. This posture is commonly used in formal settings, such as during tea ceremonies, martial arts, or when sitting on tatami mats. It is considered a sign of respect and proper etiquette. For example: Please kneel properly「正座をしてください」(せいざをしてください). She sat in the formal kneeling position「彼女は正座をした」(かのじょはせいざをした). Note that '正座' is often used as a noun but can also function as a verbal noun (suru-verb) when combined with 'する' to indicate the action of kneeling in this manner.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3522

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Just, Legitimate

Reading

Kanji

正Correct 当Hit, Appropriate

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '正当 (せいとう)' means 'just' or 'legitimate'. It is used to describe something that is morally or legally correct, fair, or justified. This term is often used in contexts involving rights, actions, or reasoning. For example: His actions were just「彼の行動は正当だった」(かれのこうどうはせいとうだった). The claim is legitimate「その主張は正当だ」(そのしゅちょうはせいとうだ). Note that '正当' can also be used in legal or formal contexts to describe something that is valid or rightful, such as '正当な理由 (せいとうなりゆう) (legitimate reason)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3523

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Highway

Reading

Kanji

高High, Expensive 速Quick

Explanation

The Japanese noun '高速 (こうそく)' refers to a 'highway' or 'expressway'. It is commonly used to describe major roads designed for high-speed traffic, often with multiple lanes and limited access points. This term is frequently seen in contexts related to transportation and travel. For example: Let's take the highway「高速を使いましょう」(こうそくをつかいましょう). The highway is crowded today「高速は今日混んでいます」(こうそくはきょうこんでいます). It's important to note that '高速' is often part of compound words, such as '高速道路 (こうそくどうろ)' which specifically means 'expressway'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3526

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Number

Reading

Kanji

人Person 数Number

Explanation

The Japanese noun '人数 (にんずう)' refers to the 'number of people'. It is commonly used to indicate the count or quantity of individuals in a group, event, or situation. For example: The number of participants is increasing「人数が増えている」(にんずうがふえている). What is the number of people attending the meeting?「会議に参加する人数は何人ですか？」(かいぎにさんかするにんずうはなんにんですか？). This word is often used in contexts like events, gatherings, or any situation where counting people is relevant.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3527

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Normal

Reading

Kanji

正Correct 常Usual, Normal

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '正常 (せいじょう)' means 'normal'. It is used to describe a state or condition that is regular, standard, or functioning as expected. This term is often used in contexts related to health, machinery, or systems. For example: The machine is functioning normally「機械は正常に動いている」(きかいはせいじょうにうごいている). His health condition is normal「彼の健康状態は正常だ」(かれのけんこうじょうたいはせいじょうだ). It can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as describing a situation or behavior as normal. For instance: It's normal to feel nervous「緊張するのは正常だ」(きんちょうするのはせいじょうだ).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3529

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Awareness, Consciousness

Reading

Kanji

意Idea 識Knowledge, Discernment

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '意識 (いしき)' primarily refers to 'consciousness' or 'awareness'. It is used to describe the state of being conscious or aware of something, whether it be one's surroundings, thoughts, or feelings. This word is often used in both medical and everyday contexts. For example: He lost consciousness「彼は意識を失った」(かれはいしきをうしなった). She is aware of the problem「彼女はその問題を意識している」(かのじょはそのもんだいをいしきしている). Additionally, '意識' can also imply a sense of self-awareness or mindfulness, as in being conscious of one's actions or impact on others.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3530

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Inside

Reading

Kanji

内Inside 側Side

Explanation

The Japanese noun '内側 (うちがわ)' means 'inside'. It refers to the inner part or interior of something, often used to describe the side that is not visible from the outside. This word is commonly used in both physical and abstract contexts. For example: the inside of the box「箱の内側」(はこのうちがわ). She keeps her feelings inside「彼女は感情を内側に秘めている」(かのじょはかんじょうをうちがわにひめている). It can also be used to describe the inner side of a structure or object, such as the inside of a room or a container.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3536

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Preparation

Reading

Kanji

下Down 調Investigate, Tune

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '下調べ (したしらべ)' refers to the act of doing preliminary research or preparation before undertaking a task. It is often used in contexts where one needs to gather information or make arrangements in advance. For example: I did some preparation before the meeting「会議の前に下調べをした」(かいぎのまえにしたしらべをした). She always does thorough preparation before traveling「彼女は旅行の前にいつもしっかり下調べをする」(かのじょはりょこうのまえにいつもしっかりしたしらべをする). This term emphasizes the importance of being well-prepared and informed.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3537

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sigh

Reading

Kanji

息Breath

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ため息 (ためいき)' means 'sigh'. It refers to the act of exhaling audibly, often as an expression of relief, frustration, exhaustion, or deep emotion. This word is commonly used in both casual and formal contexts to describe a physical or emotional reaction. For example: she let out a sigh of relief「彼女は安堵のため息をついた」(かのじょはあんどのためいきをついた). He sighed deeply after hearing the news「彼はその知らせを聞いて深いため息をついた」(かれはそのしらせをきいてふかいためいきをついた). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe a sense of resignation or weariness.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3543

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exchange

Reading

Kanji

交Mix

Explanation

The Japanese verb '交わす (かわす)' primarily means 'to exchange'. It is used when referring to the act of exchanging something, such as words, greetings, or promises. This verb often implies a mutual or reciprocal action between two or more parties. For example: they exchanged greetings「彼らは挨拶を交わした」(かれらはあいさつをかわした). We exchanged business cards「私たちは名刺を交わした」(わたしたちはめいしをかわした). Additionally, '交わす' can sometimes imply a brief or casual exchange, rather than a deep or prolonged interaction. It is important to note that this verb is often used in formal or polite contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3545

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Parties

Reading

Kanji

当Hit, Appropriate 事Thing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '当事 (とうじ)' refers to the 'parties' involved in a particular matter, event, or legal case. It is often used in formal or legal contexts to describe the individuals or groups directly concerned with a specific issue. For example: The parties involved in the dispute reached an agreement「当事者たちは合意に達した」(とうじしゃたちはごういにたっした). The parties to the contract must sign the document「契約の当事者は書類に署名しなければならない」(けいやくのとうじしゃはしょるいにしょめいしなければならない). This term is commonly used in legal, business, and diplomatic settings to specify those directly involved.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3548

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Salary

Reading

Kanji

給Supply, Salary 料Materials, Fee

Explanation

The Japanese noun '給料 (きゅうりょう)' refers to the regular payment that an employee receives for their work, typically on a monthly basis. It is commonly used in the context of employment and is a key term when discussing jobs, income, and financial matters. For example: I received my salary「給料をもらった」(きゅうりょうをもらった). His salary is high「彼の給料は高い」(かれのきゅうりょうはたかい). The word is often used in formal or professional settings and is distinct from other terms like '賃金 (ちんぎん)' which can refer to wages or hourly pay.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3550

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

View, Opinion

Reading

Kanji

見See 解Solve, Untie

Explanation

The Japanese noun '見解 (けんかい)' refers to a person's view or opinion on a particular matter. It is often used in formal or professional contexts to discuss perspectives, interpretations, or conclusions about a topic. For example: His view on the matter is clear「彼の見解は明確です」(かれのけんかいはめいかくです). We need to consider everyone's opinion「皆の見解を考慮する必要があります」(みんなのけんかいをこうりょするひつようがあります). The word is commonly used in discussions, debates, or written analyses to express a well-considered stance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3551

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exception

Reading

Kanji

例Example 外Outside

Explanation

The Japanese noun '例外 (れいがい)' means 'exception'. It refers to something that does not follow the general rule or pattern. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to describe situations, people, or things that are excluded from a standard or norm. For example: there are no exceptions to this rule「このルールには例外はありません」(このルールにはれいがいはありません). He is an exception to the usual trend「彼は通常の傾向の例外です」(かれはつうじょうのけいこうのれいがいです). The word can also be used in phrases like '例外なく (れいがいなく)', meaning 'without exception'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3552

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

UN

Reading

Kanji

国Country 連Take along

Explanation

The Japanese noun '国連 (こくれん)' is an abbreviation for '国際連合 (こくさいれんごう)', which translates to 'United Nations' or 'UN'. This term is commonly used in news, politics, and international relations contexts. It refers to the international organization founded in 1945 to promote peace, security, and cooperation among countries worldwide. Example sentences: The UN plays a crucial role in global peacekeeping「国連は世界の平和維持に重要な役割を果たしている」(こくれんはせかいのへいわいじにじゅうようなやくわりをはたしている). Japan is a member of the UN「日本は国連のメンバーです」(にほんはこくれんのメンバーです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3553

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Foreign minister

Reading

Kanji

外Outside 相Mutual

Explanation

The Japanese noun '外相 (がいしょう)' refers to the 'foreign minister', the government official responsible for a country's foreign affairs. This term is commonly used in political contexts to describe the person who oversees international relations, diplomacy, and foreign policy. For example: The foreign minister attended the summit「外相はサミットに出席した」(がいしょうはサミットにしゅっせきした). The foreign minister announced a new policy「外相は新しい政策を発表した」(がいしょうはあたらしいせいさくをはっぴょうした). This term is specific to political roles and is not used in casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3555

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Truth

Reading

Kanji

真Truth 相Mutual

Explanation

The Japanese noun '真相 (しんそう)' refers to the 'truth' or 'real facts' about a situation, event, or matter. It is often used in contexts where uncovering or revealing the actual state of affairs is important, such as in investigations, news reporting, or personal revelations. For example: The truth about the incident was revealed「事件の真相が明らかになった」(じけんのしんそうがあきらかになった). We must uncover the truth「真相を明らかにしなければならない」(しんそうをあきらかにしなければならない). This word carries a sense of depth and seriousness, often implying that the truth is not immediately apparent and requires effort to discover.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3557

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

As usual

Reading

Kanji

相Mutual 変Change, Abnormal

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '相変わらず (あいかわらず)' means 'as usual' or 'still.' It is used to describe a situation or condition that remains unchanged over time, often implying continuity from the past to the present. This word can be used in both positive and negative contexts, depending on the situation. For example: He is still late as usual 「彼は相変わらず遅刻している」 (かれはあいかわらずちこくしている). The weather is still hot as usual 「天気は相変わらず暑い」 (てんきはあいかわらずあつい). Note that '相変わらず' is often used to convey a sense of familiarity or unchanging nature, whether it's about a habit, a state, or a condition.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3558

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Chat

Reading

Kanji

雑Miscellaneous 談Discuss

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '雑談 (ざつだん)' refers to casual conversation or small talk. It is used to describe informal, light-hearted discussions that are not focused on any specific topic. This word is often used in social settings, such as during breaks at work or when catching up with friends. For example: Let's have a chat「雑談しましょう」(ざつだんしましょう). We had a nice chat yesterday「昨日はいい雑談をしました」(きのうはいいざつだんをしました). The term emphasizes the relaxed and unstructured nature of the conversation, contrasting with more formal or serious discussions.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3562

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Oppose

Reading

Kanji

反Anti

Explanation

The Japanese verb '反する (はんする)' means 'to oppose' or 'to go against'. It is used to describe actions, opinions, or situations that are in direct contradiction or opposition to something else. For example: his actions oppose the rules「彼の行動は規則に反する」(かれのこうどうはきそくにはんする). The result was contrary to expectations「結果は予想に反していた」(けっかはよそうにはんしていた). This verb is often used in formal or written contexts to express contradiction or opposition.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3564

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Entry

Reading

Kanji

記Record 入Enter

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '記入 (きにゅう)' means 'entry' and refers to the act of writing or filling in information, typically in a form, document, or record. It is commonly used in formal or administrative contexts. For example: Please fill in your name「名前を記入してください」(なまえをきにゅうしてください). He entered the details in the form「彼はフォームに詳細を記入した」(かれはフォームにしょうさいをきにゅうした). Note that '記入' is often used with verbs like 'する' to indicate the action of filling something in, as in '記入する (きにゅうする) (to fill in).'

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3565

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Memorization

Reading

Kanji

暗Darkness 記Record

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '暗記 (あんき)' refers to the act of memorizing or committing something to memory. It is often used in academic or educational contexts, such as memorizing vocabulary, formulas, or historical facts. For example: I memorized the poem「詩を暗記した」(しをあんきした). He is good at memorization「彼は暗記が得意だ」(かれはあんきがとくいだ). The word can also be used to describe the process of rote learning, where information is repeated until it is firmly retained in memory.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3566

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Discuss

Reading

Kanji

話Talk 合Fit, Match

Explanation

The Japanese verb '話し合う (はなしあう)' means 'to discuss' or 'to talk something over'. It is used when two or more people exchange opinions or ideas to reach a mutual understanding or decision. This verb emphasizes the collaborative nature of the conversation. For example: Let's discuss the plan「計画を話し合いましょう」(けいかくをはなしあいましょう). They discussed the problem for hours「彼らは何時間もその問題を話し合った」(かれらはなんじかんもそのもんだいをはなしあった). Note that '話し合う' often implies a deeper or more formal discussion compared to casual conversations.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3568

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sutra

Reading

Kanji

経Manage, Elapse

Explanation

The Japanese noun '経 (きょう)' refers to 'sutra', which are sacred texts or scriptures in Buddhism. These texts often contain teachings, doctrines, or discourses attributed to the Buddha. The term is commonly used in religious contexts and is an essential part of Buddhist practice. For example: I read a sutra「経を読みました」(きょうをよみました). The monk chanted the sutra「僧侶が経を唱えました」(そうりょがきょうをとなえました). Note that '経' can also refer to the passage of time or longitude in other contexts, but its primary and most common meaning is 'sutra' in religious contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3570

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Just before

Reading

Kanji

直Straight, Repair 前Before, Front

Explanation

The Japanese noun '直前 (ちょくぜん)' means 'just before.' It refers to the immediate period before an event or action takes place. This word is often used to describe the timeframe immediately prior to a specific event, such as departure, start time, or occurrence. For example: just before the departure of the train 「電車の出発の直前」 (でんしゃのしゅっぱつのちょくぜん). I realized it just before the deadline 「締め切りの直前に気づいた」 (しめきりのちょくぜんにきづいた). It can also be used to describe physical proximity, such as being right in front of something, but that usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3572

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Acquaintance

Reading

Kanji

知Know 合Fit, Match

Explanation

The Japanese noun '知り合い (しりあい)' refers to someone you know, but not closely. It is used to describe a person with whom you have a casual or superficial relationship, rather than a close friend or family member. For example: He is just an acquaintance「彼はただの知り合いです」(かれはただのしりあいです). I met an acquaintance at the station「駅で知り合いに会いました」(えきでしりあいにはいました). The term emphasizes a level of familiarity without implying deep personal connection.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3577

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Others

Reading

Kanji

他Other (亻)者Someone

Explanation

The Japanese noun '他者 (たしゃ)' means 'others' or 'other people'. It refers to individuals who are distinct from oneself, often emphasizing their separateness or different perspectives. This term is commonly used in philosophical, psychological, and social contexts to discuss relationships, empathy, or the distinction between self and others. For example: understanding others is important「他者を理解することは大切です」(たしゃをりかいすることはたいせつです). Respecting others' opinions is essential「他者の意見を尊重することが必要です」(たしゃのいけんをそんちょうすることがひつようです). The word carries a nuanced sense of recognizing the individuality and autonomy of others.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3579

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Politician

Reading

Kanji

政Government, Politics 治Cure, Reign 家House

Explanation

The Japanese noun '政治家 (せいじか)' refers to a 'politician', someone who is professionally involved in politics, especially as a holder of an elected office. This term is used to describe individuals who are engaged in the activities associated with the governance of a country or area, especially the debate between parties having power. For example: That politician is very popular「あの政治家はとても人気がある」(あのせいじかはとてもにんきがある). He became a politician after retiring from the military「彼は軍隊を引退した後、政治家になった」(かれはぐんたいをいんたいしたあと、せいじかになった). The term can be used in both formal and informal contexts, and it carries a neutral connotation unless specified otherwise by the context in which it is used.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3581

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Beginner

Reading

Kanji

初Beginning, First 心Heart

Explanation

The Japanese noun '初心 (しょしん)' refers to the state of being a beginner or having a beginner's mindset. It is often used to describe someone who is new to a skill, activity, or field, emphasizing their lack of experience. This term can also carry a positive connotation, highlighting the enthusiasm and openness that beginners often have. For example: He has the heart of a beginner「彼は初心を持っている」(かれはしょしんをもっている). I want to keep a beginner's mindset「初心を忘れたくない」(しょしんをわすれたくない). The term is commonly used in contexts like martial arts, arts, or learning new skills, where maintaining a beginner's mindset is valued.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3583

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ankle

Reading

Kanji

足Foot, Sufficient 首Neck

Explanation

The Japanese noun '足首 (あしくび)' refers to the 'ankle', the joint connecting the foot to the leg. It is commonly used in everyday conversation and medical contexts. For example: I twisted my ankle「足首を捻った」(あしくびをねじった). Her ankle is swollen「彼女の足首が腫れている」(かのじょのあしくびがはれている). The word is often used in contexts related to injuries, sports, or describing physical characteristics.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3588

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Accept, Undertake

Reading

Kanji

引Pull 受Accept

Explanation

The Japanese verb '引き受ける (ひきうける)' primarily means 'to undertake' or 'to accept' a responsibility, task, or role. It implies taking on something that requires effort or commitment. For example: I will undertake this project「このプロジェクトを引き受けます」(このプロジェクトをひきうけます). He accepted the role of team leader「彼はチームリーダーの役割を引き受けた」(かれはチームリーダーのやくわりをひきうけた). The verb can also be used in contexts where someone takes responsibility for a situation or outcome, such as in 'She accepted the blame for the mistake「彼女はそのミスの責任を引き受けた」(かのじょはそのミスのせきにんをひきうけた).' The nuance of '引き受ける' often conveys a sense of willingness or readiness to handle something challenging.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3592

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Follow

Reading

Kanji

次Next

Explanation

The Japanese verb '次ぐ (つぐ)' means 'to follow' or 'to come next'. It is often used to describe something that follows in sequence, rank, or time. For example: The second place team follows the first「2位のチームは1位に次ぐ」(にいのチームはいちいにつぐ). This event follows the previous one「このイベントは前のものに次ぐ」(このイベントはまえのものにつぐ). The verb can also imply succession or ranking, such as in '次ぐ地位 (つぐちい) (next in rank)'. Note that '次ぐ' is often used in formal or written contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3597

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Morning glory

Reading

Kanji

朝Morning 顔Face

Explanation

The Japanese noun '朝顔 (あさがお)' refers to the 'morning glory' flower, known for its trumpet-shaped blooms that typically open in the morning and close by afternoon. This flower is often associated with summer in Japan and is a popular subject in traditional Japanese art and poetry. Example sentences: The morning glory is blooming「朝顔が咲いている」(あさがおがさいている). I planted morning glories in my garden「庭に朝顔を植えた」(にわにあさがおをうえた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3598

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Throw, Neglect

Reading

Kanji

放Release

Explanation

The Japanese verb '放る (ほうる)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to throw', which refers to the action of tossing or hurling something. For example: he threw the ball「彼はボールを放った」(かれはボールをほうった). The second meaning is 'to neglect', which refers to ignoring or disregarding something. For example: she neglected her duties「彼女は仕事を放った」(かのじょはしごとをほうった). The verb can be used in both casual and formal contexts, but the nuance of neglect is more common in informal speech.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3611

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ground

Reading

Kanji

地Ground 面Face, Surface

Explanation

The Japanese noun '地面 (じめん)' refers to the surface of the earth, specifically the ground or soil. It is commonly used to describe the physical ground beneath our feet, whether it's soil, dirt, or any natural surface. For example: The ground is wet「地面が濡れている」(じめんがぬれている). He fell to the ground「彼は地面に倒れた」(かれはじめんにたおれた). This word is neutral and can be used in various contexts, from everyday conversation to scientific descriptions. It does not imply any specific type of ground, such as grass or concrete, unless specified by additional context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3613

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Affection

Reading

Kanji

愛Love 情Feeling, Emotion

Explanation

The Japanese noun '愛情 (あいじょう)' means 'affection' or 'love'. It refers to a deep feeling of care, fondness, or attachment towards someone or something. This word is often used to describe emotional bonds, such as parental love, romantic love, or even love for pets. For example: she has deep affection for her child「彼女は子供に深い愛情を持っている」(かのじょはこどもにふかいあいじょうをもっている). His affection for animals is evident「彼の動物への愛情は明らかだ」(かれのどうぶつへのあいじょうはあきらかだ). Note that '愛情' is more about emotional attachment and care, rather than romantic love, which is often expressed with '恋 (こい)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3615

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Accept, Catch

Reading

Kanji

受Accept 止Stop

Explanation

The Japanese verb '受け止める (うけとめる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to catch', as in physically catching something. For example: he caught the ball「彼はボールを受け止めた」(かれはボールをうけとめた). The second meaning is 'to accept', often used in a more abstract or emotional sense, such as accepting responsibility or feelings. For example: she accepted his feelings「彼女は彼の気持ちを受け止めた」(かのじょはかれのきもちをうけとめた). This verb is versatile and can be used in both literal and figurative contexts, making it important to consider the surrounding words to determine the intended meaning.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3619

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Offer

Reading

Kanji

差Difference 出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese verb '差し出す (さしだす)' primarily means 'to offer' or 'to present something by extending it towards someone. It is often used in contexts where something is handed over or extended, such as offering a document, a hand, or an item. For example: He offered his business card「彼は名刺を差し出した」(かれはめいしをさしだした). She offered her hand to help him up「彼女は手を差し出して彼を助けた」(かのじょはてをさしだしてかれをたすけた). The verb can also imply a sense of giving or presenting something formally or politely. Note that the action typically involves physically extending something towards another person.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3620

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Incorporate, Embed

Reading

Kanji

組Association, Group 込Put in, Crowded

Explanation

The Japanese verb '組み込む (くみこむ)' means 'to incorporate' or 'to embed'. It is used when something is integrated or built into a system, structure, or plan. This verb often implies that the incorporated element becomes an essential or inseparable part of the whole. For example: The new feature was incorporated into the software「新しい機能がソフトウェアに組み込まれた」(あたらしいきのうがソフトウェアにくみこまれた). He embedded the code into the program「彼はコードをプログラムに組み込んだ」(かれはコードをプログラムにくみこんだ). The verb is commonly used in technical, organizational, or creative contexts to describe the process of adding or integrating components.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3622

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Absence

Reading

Kanji

留Stay, Detain 守Protect

Explanation

The Japanese noun '留守 (るす)' primarily means 'absence'. It is used to describe a situation where someone is not at home or away from a place. It can also imply that someone is not paying attention or is distracted. For example: I was absent from home「私は家を留守にしていた」(わたしはいえをるすにしていた). He was absent-minded during the meeting「彼は会議中に留守だった」(かれはかいぎちゅうにるすだった). Note that '留守' is often used in phrases like '留守番 (るすばん)' (house-sitting) or '留守にする' (to be away).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3629

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Advance, Expansion

Reading

Kanji

進Advance 出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '進出 (しんしゅつ)' refers to the act of advancing or expanding into a new area, market, or field. It is commonly used in business contexts to describe a company entering a new market or region. For example: The company is advancing into the European market「その会社はヨーロッパ市場に進出している」(そのかいしゃはよーろっぱしじょうにしんしゅつしている). They are expanding their business overseas「彼らは海外に進出している」(かれらはかいがいにしんしゅつしている). The word can also be used in non-business contexts, such as a sports team advancing to a higher league or a country expanding its influence.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3630

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Advance, Progress

Reading

Kanji

進Advance 行Go

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '進行 (しんこう)' primarily means 'progress' or 'advance'. It is used to describe the forward movement or development of something, such as a project, event, or situation. For example: The meeting is progressing smoothly「会議が順調に進行している」(かいぎがじゅんちょうにしんこうしている). The disease is advancing rapidly「病気が急速に進行している」(びょうきがきゅうそくにしんこうしている). This word is often used in formal or technical contexts to indicate the ongoing nature of an activity or process.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3631

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Progress

Reading

Kanji

進Advance 歩Walk

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '進歩 (しんぽ)' means 'progress'. It refers to the act of moving forward or improving, particularly in terms of development, technology, or personal growth. This word is often used in contexts related to advancements in science, society, or individual skills. For example: The progress of technology is remarkable「技術の進歩は目覚ましい」(ぎじゅつのしんぽはめざましい). She has made great progress in her studies「彼女は勉強で大きな進歩を遂げた」(かのじょはべんきょうでおおきなしんぽをとげた). Note that '進歩' is typically used in formal or neutral contexts and is not interchangeable with casual terms like '進む (すすむ)', which simply means 'to move forward'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3632

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Advance

Reading

Kanji

前Before, Front 進Advance

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '前進 (ぜんしん)' means 'advance' or 'progress'. It is used to describe the act of moving forward, either physically or metaphorically. This term is often used in contexts related to movement, development, or improvement. For example: The army advanced「軍隊は前進した」(ぐんたいはぜんしんした). We need to make progress in this project「このプロジェクトで前進する必要がある」(このプロジェクトでぜんしんするひつようがある). The word can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as making progress in life or in a particular field.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3633

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Path

Reading

Kanji

進Advance 路Path

Explanation

The Japanese noun '進路 (しんろ)' primarily means 'path' or 'course'. It is often used to describe the direction or route one takes, whether literally or metaphorically. In a literal sense, it can refer to the path of a vehicle or a person. For example: The ship changed its course「船は進路を変えた」(ふねはしんろをかえた). In a more abstract sense, it is commonly used to discuss one's future or career path. For example: I am thinking about my future path「私は進路について考えています」(わたしはしんろについてかんがえています). This word is frequently used in educational or career counseling contexts to discuss future plans or directions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3635

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Objectivity

Reading

Kanji

客Guest, Customer 観View

Explanation

The Japanese noun '客観 (きゃっかん)' refers to 'objectivity', which is the state or quality of being unbiased and not influenced by personal feelings or opinions. This term is often used in contexts such as scientific research, journalism, and philosophical discussions where an objective viewpoint is essential. For example: objectivity is important in research「研究では客観性が重要です」(けんきゅうではきゃっかんせいがじゅうようです). He tried to maintain objectivity in his analysis「彼は分析で客観性を保とうとした」(かれはぶんせきできゃっかんせいをたもとうとした). The term can also be used in contrast to '主観 (しゅかん)', which means 'subjectivity'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3636

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Home

Reading

Kanji

宅House

Explanation

The Japanese noun '宅 (たく)' refers to one's home or residence. It is often used in formal or polite contexts, such as when referring to someone else's home. For example: I will visit your home「あなたの宅を訪問します」(あなたのたくをほうもんします). This word can also be used in compound words like '自宅 (じたく)' (one's own home) or '帰宅 (きたく)' (returning home). It carries a slightly formal tone and is commonly used in written language or polite speech.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3640

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Resignation

Reading

Kanji

辞Word, Resign 任Duty, Responsibility

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '辞任 (じにん)' means 'resignation'. It refers to the act of stepping down or resigning from a position, role, or responsibility, often used in formal or professional contexts. For example: The president announced his resignation「社長は辞任を発表した」(しゃちょうはじにんをはっぴょうした). She submitted her resignation due to health issues「彼女は健康上の理由で辞任を提出した」(かのじょはけんこうじょうのりゆうでじにんをていしゅつした). This term is commonly used in political, corporate, or organizational settings to describe the voluntary or forced departure from a position.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3643

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Flattery

Reading

Kanji

世World, Generation 辞Word, Resign

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'お世辞 (おせじ)' means 'flattery' or 'compliment', often used in a context where the speaker is being insincere or overly polite. It can carry a slightly negative nuance, implying that the praise is not entirely genuine. For example: He is just flattering you「彼はただお世辞を言っているだけだ」(かれはただおせじをいっているだけだ). Don't take her flattery seriously「彼女のお世辞を真に受けないで」(かのじょのおせじをまにうけないで). The term is often used in social situations where politeness is expected, but sincerity may be lacking.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3644

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Commute

Reading

Kanji

出Exit 勤Diligence

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '出勤 (しゅっきん)' refers to the act of commuting to work or going to one's workplace. It is commonly used in professional or daily life contexts to describe the routine of traveling to work. For example: I commute to work by train「私は電車で出勤します」(わたしはでんしゃでしゅっきんします). He is late for work today「彼は今日出勤が遅い」(かれはきょうしゅっきんがおそい). The term emphasizes the action of leaving home to go to work, and it is often paired with verbs like する (to do) to form phrases like 出勤する (to commute to work).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3649

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Diligent

Reading

Kanji

勤Diligence 勉Exertion

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '勤勉 (きんべん)' means 'diligent'. It describes someone who is hardworking, industrious, and consistently puts effort into their tasks or studies. This word is often used to praise someone's work ethic or dedication. For example: He is a diligent student「彼は勤勉な学生です」(かれはきんべんながくせいです). Her diligence is admirable「彼女の勤勉さは素晴らしい」(かのじょのきんべんさはすばらしい). Note that '勤勉' is often followed by the particle 'な' when modifying a noun, as in '勤勉な人 (きんべんなひと) (diligent person)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3650

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Work, Service

Reading

Kanji

勤Diligence 務Duty, Task

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '勤務 (きんむ)' refers to the act of working or being employed, often in a formal or professional capacity. It is commonly used to describe one's job duties, employment status, or the act of serving in a specific role. For example: I work at a company「私は会社に勤務しています」(わたしはかいしゃにきんむしています). His service in the military was commendable「彼の軍隊での勤務は称賛に値する」(かれのぐんたいでのきんむはしょうさんにあたいする). The word is often used in contexts related to employment, such as '勤務時間 (きんむじかん)' (working hours) or '勤務先 (きんむさき)' (place of work).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3654

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Civil servant

Reading

Kanji

公Public 務Duty, Task 員Member

Explanation

The Japanese noun '公務員 (こうむいん)' refers to a 'civil servant' or 'public servant'. This term is used to describe individuals who work for the government or public sector, performing administrative, clerical, or other official duties. The role of a 公務員 is often associated with stability and respect in Japanese society. For example: He became a civil servant「彼は公務員になった」(かれはこうむいんになった). Civil servants work for the public good「公務員は公共の利益のために働く」(こうむいんはこうきょうのりえきのためにはたらく). The term can also be used in a broader sense to include various levels of government employees, from local to national.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3655

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Change, Fluctuation

Reading

Kanji

変Change, Abnormal 動Move

Explanation

The Japanese noun '変動 (へんどう)' refers to a change or fluctuation, often in the context of something that is not stable or constant. It is commonly used to describe changes in prices, conditions, or situations. For example: The price fluctuation is significant「価格の変動が大きい」(かかくのへんどうがおおきい). There was a sudden change in the weather「天候に突然の変動があった」(てんこうにとつぜんのへんどうがあった). This word can be used in both positive and negative contexts, depending on the situation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3656

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Scene

Reading

Kanji

光Light 景Scene

Explanation

The Japanese noun '光景 (こうけい)' refers to a 'scene' or 'sight', often used to describe a visual impression or a specific view that is observed. It can be used for both natural and man-made scenes, and often carries a sense of the scene being noteworthy or memorable. For example: The scene of the sunset was beautiful「夕日の光景は美しかった」(ゆうひのこうけいはうつくしかった). I will never forget the scene of the accident「事故の光景は忘れられない」(じこのこうけいはわすれられない). This word is commonly used in both everyday conversation and literary contexts to evoke vivid imagery.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3658

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Other, Another

Reading

Kanji

他Other (亻)方Direction

Explanation

The Japanese noun '他方 (たほう)' means 'other' or 'another'. It is used to refer to a different or alternative side, direction, or aspect of something. This word is often used in formal or written contexts to contrast two different things or perspectives. For example: On the other hand, he is very kind「他方、彼はとても親切だ」(たほう、かれはとてもしんせつだ). Another example: We need to consider the other side of the argument「議論の他方を考慮する必要がある」(ぎろんのたほうをこうりょするひつようがある). The word '他方' can also be used to indicate a different direction or place, such as in the sentence: The store is on the other side of the street「店は通りの他方にある」(みせはとおりのたほうにある).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3659

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Clerk

Reading

Kanji

事Thing 務Duty, Task 員Member

Explanation

The Japanese noun '事務員 (じむいん)' refers to a 'clerk' or 'office worker'. This term is commonly used to describe someone who performs administrative or clerical tasks in an office setting. It is a neutral term and does not imply any specific rank or seniority. For example: She works as a clerk「彼女は事務員として働いています」(かのじょはじむいんとしてはたらいています). The clerk is organizing the documents「事務員が書類を整理しています」(じむいんがしょるいをせいりしています). This word is often used in professional or formal contexts to describe someone handling routine office duties.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3661

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Gathering

Reading

Kanji

集Gather 合Fit, Match

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '集合 (しゅうごう)' means 'gathering' or 'assembly'. It refers to the act of people or things coming together in one place. This word is often used in formal or organized contexts, such as meetings, events, or mathematical sets. For example: The gathering will start at 10 AM「集合は10時に始まります」(しゅうごうは10じにはじまります). Please gather at the entrance「入口に集合してください」(いりぐちにしゅうごうしてください). In mathematics, it can also refer to a 'set', as in '集合論 (しゅうごうろん) (set theory)'. The word is neutral and can be used in both casual and formal settings.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3672

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fatten

Reading

Kanji

太Thick, Fat

Explanation

The Japanese verb '太る (ふとる)' means 'to gain weight' or 'to become fat'. It is used to describe the process of increasing body weight, often due to overeating or lack of exercise. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as describing someone's physical condition or discussing health and diet. For example: I gained weight「太った」(ふとった). She is worried about gaining weight「彼女は太ることを心配している」(かのじょはふとることをしんぱいしている). It's important to note that '太る' is often used in a neutral or negative context, and it can be sensitive when referring to someone's weight.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3674

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Collection

Reading

Kanji

収Obtain 集Gather

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '収集 (しゅうしゅう)' means 'collection'. It refers to the act of gathering or collecting items, information, or data. This word is often used in contexts such as collecting stamps, data collection, or gathering resources. For example: I enjoy stamp collection「私は切手の収集が好きです」(わたしはきってのしゅうしゅうがすきです). Data collection is important for research「研究にはデータの収集が重要です」(けんきゅうにはデータのしゅうしゅうがじゅうようです). The word can also imply a systematic or purposeful gathering of items or information.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3676

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Supply

Reading

Kanji

供Accompany, Offer 給Supply, Salary

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '供給 (きょうきゅう)' means 'supply'. It refers to the act of providing or furnishing something, often in the context of goods, services, or resources. This term is commonly used in economic, business, and everyday contexts. For example: The company supplies electricity「その会社は電気を供給する」(そのかいしゃはでんきをきょうきゅうする). Water supply is essential for life「水の供給は生命に不可欠だ」(みずのきょうきゅうはせいめいにふかけつだ). Note that '供給' is often paired with verbs like 'する' to form phrases like '供給する' (to supply).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3684

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Salary

Reading

Kanji

月Moon, Month 給Supply, Salary

Explanation

The Japanese noun '月給 (げっきゅう)' refers to a monthly salary or wage. It is commonly used in professional and business contexts to describe the fixed amount of money an employee receives each month for their work. For example: His salary is high「彼の月給は高い」(かれのげっきゅうはたかい). I receive my salary at the end of the month「月末に月給をもらいます」(げつまつにげっきゅうをもらいます). The term is often used in formal settings and is distinct from other forms of payment like hourly wages or bonuses.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3685

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hourly wage

Reading

Kanji

時Time, Hour 給Supply, Salary

Explanation

The Japanese noun '時給 (じきゅう)' refers to 'hourly wage', which is the amount of money paid to an employee for each hour of work. This term is commonly used in part-time or temporary job contexts where payment is calculated based on the number of hours worked. For example: My hourly wage is 1000 yen「私の時給は1000円です」(わたしのじきゅうはせんえんです). The hourly wage at that store is high「あの店の時給は高いです」(あのみせのじきゅうはたかいです). It's important to note that '時給' is often used in job advertisements or when discussing employment terms.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3687

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

People

Reading

Kanji

人Person 民People, Nation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '人民 (じんみん)' refers to 'the people' or 'the populace' in a general sense, often used in political or social contexts. It emphasizes the collective group of individuals within a society or nation. This term is commonly used in formal or historical contexts, such as discussing the rights, struggles, or governance of a population. For example: The people rose up against the government「人民が政府に対して立ち上がった」(じんみんがせいふにたいしてたちあがった). The welfare of the people is important「人民の福祉は重要だ」(じんみんのふくしはじゅうようだ). Note that this term can carry a slightly formal or ideological tone, often seen in political discourse or historical texts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3688

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Victory

Reading

Kanji

勝Victory 利Profit, Advantage

Explanation

The Japanese noun '勝利 (しょうり)' means 'victory'. It is used to describe the act of winning or achieving success in a competition, battle, or any challenging situation. This word is often used in contexts such as sports, games, or conflicts. For example: The team achieved victory「チームは勝利を収めた」(チームはしょうりをおさめた). Victory is near「勝利は近い」(しょうりはちかい). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe overcoming personal struggles or challenges.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3693

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

House of Councilors

Reading

Kanji

参Participate 議Deliberation 院Institution

Explanation

The Japanese noun '参議院 (さんぎいん)' refers to the 'House of Councilors,' which is the upper house of the National Diet of Japan. It is one of the two houses in the Japanese legislative system, along with the House of Representatives (衆議院, しゅうぎいん). The House of Councillors plays a key role in passing laws and overseeing the government. Example: Members of the House of Councillors are directly elected by the people 「参議院の議員は国民によって直接選ばれる」 (さんぎいんのぎいんはこくみんによってちょくせつえらばれる). The House of Councillors has 242 seats 「参議院は242議席ある」 (さんぎいんは242ぎせきある).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3697

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Visit

Reading

Kanji

参Participate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'お参り (おまいり)' refers to the act of visiting a shrine, temple, or grave, often for the purpose of paying respects, praying, or making offerings. It is commonly used in the context of religious or spiritual practices. For example: I will visit the shrine「お寺にお参りします」(おてらにおまいりします). We visited the grave during Obon「お盆にお墓にお参りしました」(おぼんにおはかにおまいりしました). The term carries a respectful tone and is often associated with traditional customs and rituals.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3698

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reference book

Reading

Kanji

参Participate 考Think, Consider 書Write

Explanation

The Japanese noun '参考書 (さんこうしょ)' means 'reference book'. This term is commonly used to describe books that provide detailed information or guidance on a specific subject, often used for study or research purposes. For example: I bought a reference book for the exam「試験のために参考書を買いました」(しけんのためにさんこうしょをかいました). This reference book is very useful「この参考書はとても役に立ちます」(このさんこうしょはとてもやくにたちます). It's important to note that '参考書' is often used in academic or professional contexts, where detailed and reliable information is required.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3699

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Activation

Reading

Kanji

活Lively 性Gender, Sex

Explanation

The Japanese noun '活性 (かっせい)' means 'activation'. It is commonly used in scientific, technical, or biological contexts to describe the process of making something active or functional. For example: the activation of enzymes「酵素の活性」(こうそのかっせい). This term can also be used metaphorically to describe the revitalization or energizing of something, such as a business or community. For example: the activation of the local economy「地域経済の活性」(ちいきけいざいのかっせい). Note that this word is often paired with other terms to form compound nouns, such as '活性化 (かっせいか)' (activation/revitalization).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3701

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Expel

Reading

Kanji

追Follow 出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese verb '追い出す (おいだす)' means 'to expel' or 'to drive out'. It is used when someone or something is forcibly removed from a place. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as expelling a person from a room, driving out animals, or even metaphorically expelling negative thoughts. For example: The teacher expelled the noisy student from the classroom「先生はうるさい生徒を教室から追い出した」(せんせいはうるさいせいとをきょうしつからおいだした). They drove the stray cat out of the garden「彼らは野良猫を庭から追い出した」(かれらはのらねこをにわからおいだした). The verb '追い出す' often carries a sense of force or urgency, implying that the action is not voluntary on the part of the person or thing being expelled.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3704

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Merchant

Reading

Kanji

商Trade, Deal 人Person

Explanation

The Japanese noun '商人 (しょうにん)' refers to a 'merchant' or 'trader', someone who is engaged in the business of buying and selling goods. This term is often used in historical contexts or when referring to traditional trades. For example: The merchant sold silk「商人は絹を売った」(しょうにんはきぬをうった). Merchants gathered at the market「商人たちが市場に集まった」(しょうにんたちがいちばにあつまった). It's important to note that this word carries a somewhat traditional or old-fashioned nuance, and in modern contexts, terms like 'ビジネスマン (businessman)' or '販売員 (はんばいいん, salesperson)' might be more commonly used.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3711

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Emotion, Impression

Reading

Kanji

感Feeling, Sensation 動Move

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '感動 (かんどう)' refers to a deep emotional response or being deeply moved by something. It can also mean being impressed or touched by an experience, event, or piece of art. This word is often used to describe the feeling one gets when witnessing something profoundly moving or inspiring. For example: I was deeply moved by the movie「映画に感動した」(えいがにかんどうした). The speech left a strong impression on me「スピーチに感動した」(スピーチにかんどうした). Note that '感動' is commonly used in contexts involving art, performances, speeches, or personal experiences that evoke strong emotions.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3714

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Realization

Reading

Kanji

実Fruit, Truth 感Feeling, Sensation

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '実感 (じっかん)' refers to the feeling or awareness of something being real or tangible. It is often used to describe the moment when something becomes clear or when one truly understands or feels the reality of a situation. For example: I felt the reality of his words「彼の言葉を実感した」(かれのことばをじっかんした). She realized the importance of family「家族の大切さを実感した」(かぞくのたいせつさをじっかんした). This word is commonly used in contexts where emotions or understanding deepen, such as personal experiences or life lessons.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3715

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Admiration

Reading

Kanji

感Feeling, Sensation 心Heart

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '感心 (かんしん)' refers to a feeling of admiration or being impressed by someone or something. It is often used to express respect or approval for someone's actions, abilities, or qualities. For example: I was impressed by his hard work「彼の努力に感心した」(かれのどりょくにかんしんした). She admired the teacher's patience「先生の忍耐力に感心した」(せんせいのにんたいりょくにかんしんした). This word can also be used sarcastically to express surprise or disbelief, though this usage is less common. It is typically used in formal or polite contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3716

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Daydream

Reading

Kanji

空Sky, Empty 想Concept

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '空想 (くうそう)' refers to the act of daydreaming or indulging in fantasy. It is often used to describe imaginative thoughts or scenarios that are not grounded in reality. For example: I often daydream about traveling the world「私はよく世界旅行を空想する」(わたしはよくせかいりょこうをくうそうする). His stories are full of wild fantasies「彼の話は空想に満ちている」(かれのはなしはくうそうにみちている). The term can also be used in a more neutral or creative context, such as when discussing imaginative works or ideas.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3721

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dimension

Reading

Kanji

次Next 元Origin

Explanation

The Japanese noun '次元 (じげん)' means 'dimension'. It refers to a measurable extent of some kind, such as length, width, height, or time. It can also be used metaphorically to describe levels or aspects of something, such as in discussions about theoretical physics or abstract concepts. For example: this problem exists in a different dimension「この問題は別の次元にある」(このもんだいはべつのじげんにある). The fourth dimension is time「第四の次元は時間だ」(だいよんのじげんはじかんだ). The word is often used in scientific, philosophical, or metaphorical contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3734

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Personality

Reading

Kanji

人Person 格Status

Explanation

The Japanese noun '人格 (じんかく)' refers to 'personality' or 'character'. It is used to describe the unique set of qualities, traits, and behaviors that define an individual. This term is often used in psychological, philosophical, or everyday contexts to discuss someone's moral or ethical nature. For example: He has a strong personality「彼は人格が強い」(かれはじんかくがつよい). Respecting others' personalities is important「他人の人格を尊重することが大切です」(たにんのじんかくをそんちょうすることがたいせつです). The word can also imply a sense of dignity or individuality, as in '人格を尊重する (じんかくをそんちょうする) (to respect someone's dignity).'

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3736

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Recover

Reading

Kanji

取Take 戻Return

Explanation

The Japanese verb '取り戻す (とりもどす)' means 'to recover' or 'to regain'. It is used when someone retrieves something that was lost, taken, or diminished. This can apply to physical objects, abstract concepts like time or health, or even emotional states. For example: I recovered my lost wallet「なくした財布を取り戻した」(なくしたさいふをとりもどした). She regained her confidence「彼女は自信を取り戻した」(かのじょはじしんをとりもどした). The verb often implies effort or struggle in the process of recovery. It can also be used in contexts like recovering lost time or reclaiming a position or status.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3742

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Raise, Withdraw

Reading

Kanji

引Pull 上Up

Explanation

The Japanese verb '引き上げる (ひきあげる)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to raise' or 'to lift up', often used in contexts involving physical elevation or increasing something. For example: they raised the flag「彼らは旗を引き上げた」(かれらははたをひきあげた). The second meaning is 'to withdraw' or 'to pull back', commonly used in contexts involving retreating or removing something. For example: the troops withdrew from the area「部隊はその地域から引き上げた」(ぶたいはそのちいきからひきあげた). The verb can also be used metaphorically, such as withdrawing money or raising prices. Note that the meaning depends heavily on the context in which it is used.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3743

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Flood

Reading

Kanji

水Water 害Harm

Explanation

The Japanese noun '水害 (すいがい)' refers to 'flood' or 'flood damage'. It is used to describe the damage or disaster caused by excessive water, typically due to heavy rainfall, overflowing rivers, or other water-related events. This term is often used in news reports, weather forecasts, and discussions about natural disasters. For example: The town suffered from a flood「その町は水害にあった」(そのまちはすいがいにあった). Flood damage was severe this year「今年の水害はひどかった」(ことしのすいがいはひどかった). The term emphasizes the destructive impact of water, rather than the water itself.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3745

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Motivation

Reading

Kanji

意Idea 欲Desire, Longing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '意欲 (いよく)' means 'motivation' or 'willingness'. It refers to a strong desire or drive to achieve something or engage in an activity. This word is often used in contexts related to work, study, or personal goals. For example: His motivation to study is high「彼の勉強への意欲は高い」(かれのべんきょうへのいよくはたかい). She has a strong motivation to succeed「彼女は成功への意欲が強い」(かのじょはせいこうへのいよくがつよい). The word can also imply enthusiasm or eagerness, as in '意欲的に取り組む (いよくてきにとりくむ)' (to tackle something enthusiastically).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3746

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Harm

Reading

Kanji

害Harm

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '害 (がい)' means 'harm' or 'damage'. It is used to describe negative effects or consequences caused by something. This word is often used in contexts related to health, environment, or moral issues. For example: smoking causes harm to health「喫煙は健康に害がある」(きつえんはけんこうにがいがある). Pollution harms the environment「公害は環境に害を及ぼす」(こうがいはかんきょうにがいをおよぼす). The word can also be used in compound words like '公害 (こうがい)' (pollution) or '害虫 (がいちゅう)' (harmful insect).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3749

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Useful

Reading

Kanji

役Duty 立Stand

Explanation

The Japanese verb '役立つ (やくだつ)' means 'to be useful' or 'to serve a purpose'. It is often used to describe something or someone that provides practical help or value in a specific situation. For example: This book is useful for studying「この本は勉強に役立つ」(このほんはべんきょうにやくだつ). His advice was very useful「彼のアドバイスはとても役立った」(かれのアドバイスはとてもやくだった). The verb can also be used in its negative form to indicate something is not useful, as in '役立たない (やくだたない) (not useful)'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3755

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting