Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Kanji School Grade

word

Meaning

Control, Domination

Reading

Kanji

支Branch, Support 配Distribute

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '支配 (しはい)' primarily means 'control' or 'domination'. It refers to the act of exercising authority or influence over others, often in a hierarchical or authoritative context. This word is commonly used in political, social, or organizational settings. For example: The king ruled with absolute control「王は絶対的な支配を持っていた」(おうはぜったいてきなしはいをもっていた). The company dominates the market「その会社は市場を支配している」(そのかいしゃはしじょうをしはいしている). Note that '支配' can also imply a sense of subjugation or oppression, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2949

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Preparation

Reading

Kanji

支Branch, Support 度Degrees, Times

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '支度 (したく)' refers to the act of preparing or getting ready for something. It is commonly used in contexts where someone is preparing for an event, trip, or daily activities. For example: I need to prepare for the trip「旅行の支度をしなければならない」(りょこうのしたくをしなければならない). She is getting ready for work「彼女は仕事の支度をしている」(かのじょはしごとのしたくをしている). The word often implies a sense of readiness or arranging things in advance. It can also be used in a more general sense, such as preparing a meal「食事の支度をする」(しょくじのしたくをする).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2953

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lending

Reading

Kanji

貸Lend, Loan 出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '貸し出し (かしだし)' refers to the act of lending or loaning something, typically items like books, tools, or equipment. It is commonly used in contexts such as libraries or rental services. For example: The library allows lending of books「図書館は本の貸し出しを許可しています」(としょかんはほんのかしだしをきょかしています). This shop offers tool lending「この店は工具の貸し出しをしています」(このみせはこうぐのかしだしをしています). The term emphasizes the temporary transfer of items from one party to another.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2965

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Restriction

Reading

Kanji

制System, Control 限Limit

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '制限 (せいげん)' means 'restriction'. It refers to a limitation or control placed on something, such as actions, quantities, or conditions. This word is often used in contexts involving rules, regulations, or boundaries. For example: There is a restriction on the number of participants「参加者数に制限があります」(さんかしゃすうにせいげんがあります). Speed restrictions are enforced on this road「この道路では速度制限が実施されています」(このどうろではそくどせいげんがじっしされています). The word can also be used in abstract contexts, such as time restrictions or resource limitations.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2984

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Prediction

Reading

Kanji

予Beforehand 測Measure, Conjecture

Explanation

The Japanese noun '予測 (よそく)' means 'prediction'. It refers to the act of forecasting or estimating future events or outcomes based on current information or trends. This word is commonly used in contexts such as weather forecasts, economic trends, or scientific research. For example: the weather prediction was accurate「天気予測は正確だった」(てんきよそくはせいかくだった). Economists made a prediction about the market「経済学者は市場について予測をした」(けいざいがくしゃはしじょうについてよそくをした). It's important to note that '予測' often implies a level of uncertainty and is based on analysis or data rather than definitive knowledge.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2986

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Appearance

Reading

Kanji

出Exit 現Appear, Current

Explanation

The Japanese noun '出現 (しゅつげん)' means 'appearance' or 'emergence'. It refers to the act of something or someone coming into view or becoming noticeable. This word is often used in contexts where something unexpected or significant makes an appearance. For example: The sudden appearance of a comet「彗星の出現」(すいせいのしゅつげん). The emergence of a new species「新種の出現」(しんしゅのしゅつげん). It can also be used metaphorically to describe the rise or emergence of trends, ideas, or phenomena.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2997

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Futon

Reading

Kanji

布Cloth, Linen 団Group, Association

Explanation

The Japanese noun '布団 (ふとん)' refers to a traditional Japanese-style bedding, which typically includes a mattress and a duvet. Futons are designed to be laid directly on the floor and are commonly used in Japanese homes. They are known for their portability and space-saving qualities, as they can be folded and stored away during the day. Example sentences: I spread out the futon「布団を敷いた」(ふとんをしいた). The futon is comfortable「布団は気持ちいい」(ふとんはきもちいい).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2998

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Considerably, Very

Reading

Kanji

余Excess 程Order, Extent

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '余程 (よほど)' is used to express a high degree or extent of something, often implying that the situation is unusual or noteworthy. It can be translated as 'very' or 'considerably' and is often used in contexts where the speaker is emphasizing how much something stands out or differs from the norm. For example: He must be very tired「彼は余程疲れているのだろう」(かれはよほどつかれているのだろう). It must have been considerably cold「余程寒かったのだろう」(よほどさむかったのだろう). The word can also carry a nuance of surprise or emphasis, suggesting that the degree of something is beyond what is typical or expected.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3003

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ticket book

Reading

Kanji

回Revolve, Times 数Number 券Ticket

Explanation

The Japanese noun '回数券 (かいすうけん)' refers to a 'ticket book' or a 'multi-ride ticket'. This is a type of ticket that allows multiple uses, often at a discounted rate compared to buying individual tickets. It is commonly used for public transportation, such as trains or buses, but can also be used for other services like parking or events. For example: I bought a ticket book for the train「電車の回数券を買いました」(でんしゃのかいすうけんをかいました). This ticket book has 10 rides「この回数券は10回分です」(このかいすうけんはじゅっかいぶんです). The term is a combination of '回数 (かいすう)', meaning 'number of times', and '券 (けん)', meaning 'ticket'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3004

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Regulation

Reading

Kanji

規Standard, Regulation 定Determine

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '規定 (きてい)' refers to a rule, regulation, or provision that is formally established. It is often used in legal, organizational, or institutional contexts to describe guidelines or standards that must be followed. For example: The company follows strict regulations「会社は厳しい規定に従います」(かいしゃはきびしいきていにしたがいます). This law includes new provisions「この法律には新しい規定が含まれています」(このほうりつにはあたらしいきていがふくまれています). The word can also imply something that is predetermined or fixed, such as in '規定の時間 (きていのじかん) (fixed time)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3015

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Equip, Prepare

Reading

Kanji

備Equip, Provide

Explanation

The Japanese verb '備える (そなえる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to prepare,' which refers to making arrangements or getting ready for something in advance. For example: We prepared for the typhoon「台風に備えた」(たいふうにそなえた). The second meaning is 'to equip,' which refers to providing something with the necessary tools or resources. For example: The room is equipped with a projector「その部屋はプロジェクターを備えている」(そのへやはプロジェクターをそなえている). This verb is often used in contexts involving readiness or provision, and it can apply to both tangible and intangible preparations.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3020

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Suitable

Reading

Kanji

相Mutual 応Answer, Respond

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '相応しい (ふさわしい)' means 'suitable' or 'appropriate'. It is used to describe something that is fitting or proper for a particular situation, person, or context. This word often carries a nuance of being well-matched or deserving. For example: He is suitable for the position「彼はその役職に相応しい」(かれはそのやくしょくにふさわしい). This gift is appropriate for the occasion「この贈り物はその場に相応しい」(このおくりものはそのばにふさわしい). The adjective is commonly used in formal or polite contexts and can describe people, actions, or objects.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3025

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sudden increase

Reading

Kanji

急Urgent 増Increase

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '急増 (きゅうぞう)' means 'sudden increase'. It is used to describe a rapid or abrupt rise in quantity, number, or intensity. This term is often used in contexts such as population growth, economic data, or environmental changes. For example: The population has suddenly increased「人口が急増した」(じんこうがきゅうぞうした). There was a sudden increase in demand「需要が急増した」(じゅようがきゅうぞうした). Note that '急増' is typically used in formal or written contexts and is often paired with verbs like 'する' to indicate the action of increasing.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3029

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Decrease

Reading

Kanji

減Decrease 少Few

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '減少 (げんしょう)' means 'decrease'. It refers to a reduction in quantity, size, or intensity of something. This word is often used in formal or technical contexts, such as economics, population studies, or scientific reports. For example: the population decrease is concerning「人口の減少が心配だ」(じんこうのげんしょうがしんぱいだ). The decrease in sales was significant「売上の減少は大きかった」(うりあげのげんしょうはおおきかった). Note that '減少' is typically used as a noun but can also function as a verbal noun in sentences like '減少する (to decrease)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3030

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ticket

Reading

Kanji

乗Ride 車Car 券Ticket

Explanation

The Japanese noun '乗車券 (じょうしゃけん)' refers to a 'ticket' specifically for boarding a vehicle, such as a train, bus, or other forms of public transportation. It is commonly used in contexts related to travel and commuting. For example: Please show your ticket「乗車券を見せてください」(じょうしゃけんをみせてください). I bought a train ticket「電車の乗車券を買いました」(でんしゃのじょうしゃけんをかいました). This term is distinct from other types of tickets, such as event tickets, which would use a different word like 'チケット' or '入場券 (にゅうじょうけん).'

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3033

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stop by

Reading

Kanji

寄Draw near

Explanation

The Japanese verb '寄る (よる)' primarily means 'to stop by' or 'to drop in'. It is used when someone visits a place briefly, often on the way to another destination. This verb can also imply a casual or unplanned visit. For example: I will stop by the store「店に寄ります」(みせによります). Let's drop by the park on the way home「帰りに公園に寄りましょう」(かえりにこうえんによりましょう). Additionally, '寄る' can sometimes mean 'to lean' or 'to approach', but these meanings are less common and context-dependent. For example: The tree is leaning to the left「木が左に寄っている」(きがひだりによるっている).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3040

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Location

Reading

Kanji

現Appear, Current 地Ground

Explanation

The Japanese noun '現地 (げんち)' refers to the actual place or location where something is happening or exists. It is often used in contexts involving travel, fieldwork, or events. For example: We will meet at the location「現地で会いましょう」(げんちであいましょう). The team is conducting research on-site「チームは現地で調査を行っています」(チームはげんちでちょうさをおこなっています). This word emphasizes the physical or real-world aspect of a place, as opposed to a theoretical or distant one.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3046

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Management

Reading

Kanji

運Fortune 営Manage

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '運営 (うんえい)' refers to the act of managing, operating, or running an organization, event, or system. It is commonly used in contexts involving the administration or coordination of activities, such as businesses, schools, or events. For example: The management of the company is excellent「その会社の運営は素晴らしい」(そのかいしゃのうんえいはすばらしい). We are responsible for the operation of the event「私たちはイベントの運営を担当しています」(わたしたちはイベントのうんえいをたんとうしています). This term emphasizes the organized and systematic handling of responsibilities.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3057

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Law

Reading

Kanji

法Law, Method 則Rule

Explanation

The Japanese noun '法則 (ほうそく)' refers to a 'law' or 'principle' that governs natural phenomena, scientific rules, or general patterns. It is often used in contexts related to science, mathematics, or philosophy to describe universal rules or consistent patterns. For example: Newton's law of motion「ニュートンの運動法則」(にゅーとんのうんどうほうそく). This principle applies universally「この法則は普遍的に適用される」(このほうそくはふへんてきにてきようされる). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe patterns in human behavior or societal rules, such as 'the law of supply and demand'「需要と供給の法則」(じゅようときょうきゅうのほうそく).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3064

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Substance

Reading

Kanji

実Fruit, Truth 質Quality

Explanation

The Japanese noun '実質 (じっしつ)' refers to the 'substance' or 'essence' of something, often contrasting with its form or appearance. It is used to describe the actual, underlying reality or true nature of a situation, object, or concept. For example: The substance of the matter is important「実質が大切です」(じっしつがたいせつです). The real value lies in its substance「その実質に価値がある」(そのじっしつにかちがある). This term is commonly used in discussions about economics, policies, or abstract ideas to emphasize the core or practical aspects rather than superficial details.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3067

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Relocation

Reading

Kanji

移Move, Transfer 転Revolve

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '移転 (いてん)' means 'relocation'. It refers to the act of moving or transferring something, such as a business, office, or residence, from one place to another. This term is commonly used in formal or business contexts. For example: The company's relocation was completed「会社の移転が完了した」(かいしゃのいてんがかんりょうした). The office relocation will start next month「オフィスの移転は来月から始まる」(オフィスのいてんはらいげつからはじまる). Note that '移転' can also imply a change in location for abstract concepts, such as the transfer of rights or responsibilities.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3070

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Movement, Relocation

Reading

Kanji

移Move, Transfer 動Move

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '移動 (いどう)' primarily means 'movement' or 'relocation'. It refers to the act of moving from one place to another, whether it's physical movement or the transfer of something. This word is commonly used in contexts involving travel, transportation, or changing locations. For example: The movement of people is restricted「人々の移動は制限されている」(ひとびとのいどうはせいげんされている). We are relocating the office to a new building「オフィスを新しいビルに移動します」(オフィスをあたらしいビルにいどうします). Note that '移動' can also be used in abstract contexts, such as the movement of data or ideas.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3071

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Individual

Reading

Kanji

個Individual

Explanation

The Japanese noun '個々 (ここ)' means 'individual' or 'each one'. It is used to refer to separate or distinct items, people, or elements within a group. This word emphasizes the uniqueness or individuality of each component. For example: consider each individual case「個々のケースを考慮する」(ここのかーすをこうりょする). The opinions of each individual are important「個々の意見が重要だ」(こののいけんがじゅうようだ). The word is often used in contexts where attention to detail or specificity is required.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3089

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Increase

Reading

Kanji

増Increase

Explanation

The Japanese verb '増す (ます)' means 'to increase' or 'to grow'. It is used to describe a rise in quantity, intensity, or degree. This verb can be applied to both tangible and intangible things, such as numbers, feelings, or situations. For example: The number of tourists increased「観光客の数が増した」(かんこうきゃくのかずがました). Her anxiety grew「彼女の不安が増した」(かのじょのふあんがました). Note that '増す' is often used in formal or written contexts, and in casual speech, '増える (ふえる)' is more commonly used.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3103

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cash

Reading

Kanji

現Appear, Current 金Gold

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '現金 (げんきん)' primarily means 'cash'. It refers to physical money in the form of bills or coins, as opposed to digital or credit-based transactions. This term is commonly used in contexts involving payments, transactions, or financial discussions. For example: I paid in cash「現金で払いました」(げんきんではらいました). Do you accept cash?「現金で払えますか？」(げんきんではらえますか？). It can also be used metaphorically to describe someone who is 'practical' or 'pragmatic', but this usage is less common and context-dependent.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3104

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Current address

Reading

Kanji

現Appear, Current 住Live 所Place

Explanation

The Japanese noun '現住所 (げんじゅうしょ)' refers to a person's current address or place of residence. It is commonly used in formal contexts, such as filling out forms, official documents, or when providing personal information. For example: Please write your current address「現住所を書いてください」(げんじゅうしょをかいてください). My current address is Tokyo「私の現住所は東京です」(わたしのげんじゅうしょはとうきょうです). The term is often used in contrast to a previous address or temporary residence.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3108

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Manifestation

Reading

Kanji

現Appear, Current

Explanation

The Japanese noun '現れ (あらわれ)' means 'manifestation'. It refers to something that becomes visible or apparent, often as a result or expression of an underlying cause or condition. This word is commonly used in contexts where an abstract concept, feeling, or phenomenon becomes tangible or observable. For example: His anger was a manifestation of his frustration「彼の怒りは彼の不満の現れだった」(かれのいかりはかれのふまんのあらわれだった). The success of the project is a manifestation of teamwork「プロジェクトの成功はチームワークの現れだ」(プロジェクトのせいこうはチームワークのあらわれだ). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe the physical appearance or form of something that represents a deeper meaning.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3111

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Enrollment

Reading

Kanji

在Be, Exist 学Learn

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '在学 (ざいがく)' refers to the state of being enrolled in an educational institution, such as a school or university. It is commonly used to describe someone who is currently studying at a particular institution. For example: He is enrolled at Tokyo University「彼は東京大学に在学している」(かれはとうきょうだいがくにざいがくしている). She is currently enrolled in high school「彼女は高校に在学中です」(かのじょはこうこうにざいがくちゅうです). The term is often used in formal contexts, such as on resumes or official documents, to indicate one's educational status.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3112

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Progress, Passage

Reading

Kanji

経Manage, Elapse 過Exceed, Error

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '経過 (けいか)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'passage', referring to the passing of time or the progression of events. For example: the passage of time「時間の経過」(じかんのけいか). The second meaning is 'progress', referring to the development or advancement of a situation or process. For example: the progress of the project「プロジェクトの経過」(ぷろじぇくとのけいか). This word is often used in formal or technical contexts to describe the unfolding of events or the status of a process. Another example: the progress of the disease「病気の経過」(びょうきのけいか).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3127

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Long

Reading

Kanji

久Long time

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '久しい (ひさしい)' means 'long' in the sense of a considerable amount of time having passed. It is often used to describe a period that feels lengthy or to express that something has not happened for a long time. For example: It has been a long time since we last met「私たちが最後に会ってから久しい」(わたしたちがさいごにあったからひさしい). It's been a long time since it rained「雨が降ってから久しい」(あめがふってからひさしい). This adjective conveys a sense of nostalgia or the passage of time and is typically used in written or formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3128

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mistake

Reading

Kanji

過Exceed, Error

Explanation

The Japanese noun '過ち (あやまち)' means 'mistake' or 'error'. It refers to an action or judgment that is misguided or wrong. This word often carries a connotation of regret or responsibility for the mistake made. It is commonly used in contexts where someone acknowledges their own fault or error. For example: He admitted his mistake「彼は過ちを認めた」(かれはあやまちをみとめた). Learning from past mistakes is important「過去の過ちから学ぶことは大切だ」(かこのあやまちからまなぶことはたいせつだ). The word can also be used in a more formal or literary context to describe moral or ethical errors.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3132

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Noise

Reading

Kanji

雑Miscellaneous 音Sound

Explanation

The Japanese noun '雑音 (ざつおん)' refers to 'noise', particularly unwanted or disruptive sounds. This term is often used in contexts where background noise interferes with communication or clarity, such as in audio recordings, phone calls, or public spaces. For example: There is too much noise in this room「この部屋は雑音が多すぎる」(このへやはざつおんがおおすぎる). The noise from the construction site is annoying「工事現場の雑音がうるさい」(こうじげんばのざつおんがうるさい). It can also be used metaphorically to describe irrelevant or distracting information, such as in a discussion or written text.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3139

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Base

Reading

Kanji

基Base, Fundation 地Ground

Explanation

The Japanese noun '基地 (きち)' refers to a 'base', typically a military or operational base. It is used to describe a central location or facility from which activities are conducted, such as military operations, scientific research, or other organized efforts. For example: The military base is located in the mountains「その軍事基地は山の中にあります」(そのぐんじきちはやまのなかにあります). The research base in Antarctica is very cold「南極の研究基地はとても寒いです」(なんきょくのけんきゅうきちはとてもさむいです). This term is often used in contexts involving strategic locations or facilities that serve as a hub for specific activities.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3142

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Increase

Reading

Kanji

増Increase

Explanation

The Japanese verb '増やす (ふやす)' means 'to increase' or 'to add to'. It is used when referring to making something greater in quantity, size, or degree. This verb is often used in contexts involving numbers, resources, or abstract concepts like knowledge or experience. For example: I increased my savings「貯金を増やした」(ちょきんをふやした). She added more vegetables to the dish「彼女は料理に野菜を増やした」(かのじょはりょうりにやさいをふやした). Note that '増やす' is a transitive verb, meaning it requires a direct object to indicate what is being increased.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3167

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Crowd

Reading

Kanji

大Big 勢Power, Force

Explanation

The Japanese noun '大勢 (おおぜい)' means 'crowd' or 'a large number of people'. It is used to describe a situation where many people are gathered together. This word is often used in contexts involving events, gatherings, or places where many people are present. For example: There was a crowd at the station「駅には大勢の人がいた」(えきにはおおぜいのひとがいた). A crowd gathered to watch the parade「パレードを見るために大勢が集まった」(パレードをみるためにおおぜいがあつまった). Note that '大勢' specifically refers to a large number of people, not objects or animals.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3172

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Grades, Results

Reading

Kanji

成Become 績Achievement

Explanation

The Japanese noun '成績 (せいせき)' primarily refers to academic grades or performance, but it can also mean results or achievements in a broader context, such as in work or sports. For example: His grades are excellent「彼の成績は優秀です」(かれのせいせきはゆうしゅうです). The results of the project were impressive「そのプロジェクトの成績は素晴らしかった」(そのプロジェクトのせいせきはすばらしかった). The word is commonly used in educational settings to discuss academic performance, but it can also be applied to evaluate outcomes in various fields.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3173

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Condition, Adjustment

Reading

Kanji

加Join, Add 減Decrease

Explanation

The Japanese noun '加減 (かげん)' can mean 'adjustment' or 'condition'. When referring to 'adjustment', it often implies fine-tuning or regulating something, such as temperature or intensity. For example: adjust the heat「火加減を調節する」(ひかげんをちょうせつする). When referring to 'condition', it describes the state or degree of something, often in terms of health or physical state. For example: his condition is not good「彼の体調は加減が悪い」(かれのたいちょうはかげんがわるい). This word is versatile and context-dependent, so its meaning can shift slightly based on usage.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3177

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Approach

Reading

Kanji

接Contact, Touch 近Near

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '接近 (せっきん)' means 'approach'. It refers to the act of coming closer to something or someone, either physically or metaphorically. It can be used in various contexts, such as describing the approach of a person, an event, or even an abstract concept like danger. For example: The storm is approaching「嵐が接近している」(あらしがせっきんしている). He approached the problem carefully「彼はその問題に接近した」(かれはそのもんだいにせっきんした). This word is often used in formal or serious contexts, and it can imply a sense of urgency or importance.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3178

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reality

Reading

Kanji

実Fruit, Truth 態Appearance, Condition

Explanation

The Japanese noun '実態 (じったい)' means 'reality' or 'actual state'. It refers to the true condition or essence of something, often contrasting with appearances or assumptions. This word is commonly used in formal or analytical contexts to describe the underlying truth of a situation. For example: the reality of the situation is harsh「実態は厳しい」(じったいはきびしい). We need to understand the actual state of the economy「経済の実態を理解する必要がある」(けいざいのじったいをりかいするひつようがある). Note that '実態' is often used in discussions about social issues, business, or research to emphasize factual conditions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3204

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tax

Reading

Kanji

税Tax 金Gold

Explanation

The Japanese noun '税金 (ぜいきん)' means 'tax'. It refers to the mandatory financial charge or levy imposed by the government on individuals or entities to fund public expenditures. This word is commonly used in discussions about finances, government policies, or personal budgeting. For example: I paid my taxes「税金を払いました」(ぜいきんをはらいました). The tax rate increased this year「今年は税金が上がりました」(ことしはぜいきんがあがりました). It is important to note that '税金' is a general term and can refer to various types of taxes, such as income tax, sales tax, or property tax.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3205

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Keep

Reading

Kanji

飼Domesticate

Explanation

The Japanese verb '飼う (かう)' means 'to keep' or 'to raise' and is specifically used in the context of keeping animals as pets or livestock. It implies taking care of an animal over time. For example: I keep a dog「犬を飼う」(いぬをかう). They raise chickens「彼らは鶏を飼う」(かれらはにわとりをかう). This verb is commonly used when talking about pets or domesticated animals, and it carries a sense of responsibility and care.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3211

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Weapon

Reading

Kanji

武Military 器Vessel

Explanation

The Japanese noun '武器 (ぶき)' means 'weapon'. This term refers to any tool or instrument used to inflict harm or damage, typically in combat or self-defense. It can be used literally, such as swords or guns, or metaphorically, such as skills or strategies. For example: he carries a weapon「彼は武器を持っている」(かれはぶきをもっている). Knowledge is a powerful weapon「知識は強力な武器だ」(ちしきはきょうりょくなぶきだ). The word can also be used in broader contexts, such as in business or sports, to describe something that gives an advantage.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3213

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Patent

Reading

Kanji

特Special 許Permit, Allow

Explanation

The Japanese noun '特許 (とっきょ)' refers to a 'patent', which is an exclusive right granted for an invention. This term is commonly used in legal, business, and technological contexts. A patent allows the holder to prevent others from making, using, or selling the invention without permission. For example: He applied for a patent「彼は特許を申請した」(かれはとっきょをしんせいした). This technology is protected by a patent「この技術は特許で保護されている」(このぎじゅつはとっきょでほごされている). The word can also appear in compound terms like '特許権 (とっきょけん)' (patent rights) or '特許庁 (とっきょちょう)' (patent office).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3237

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Measure

Reading

Kanji

測Measure, Conjecture

Explanation

The Japanese verb '測る (はかる)' means 'to measure'. This verb is used when quantifying or determining the size, amount, degree, or extent of something. It can be applied to physical measurements, such as length or weight, as well as abstract concepts like time or emotions. For example: I measured the length of the table「テーブルの長さを測った」(テーブルのながさをはかった). He measured his blood pressure「彼は血圧を測った」(かれはけつあつをはかった). The verb can also imply assessing or estimating something, such as in '測り知れない (はかりしれない)', meaning 'immeasurable' or 'beyond comprehension'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3243

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Morality

Reading

Kanji

道Way 徳Virtue

Explanation

The Japanese noun '道徳 (どうとく)' refers to 'morality' or 'ethical principles'. It is used to describe the system of values and principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong behavior. This term is often used in discussions about societal norms, personal ethics, and philosophical teachings. For example: Morality is important in society「道徳は社会で重要です」(どうとくはしゃかいでじゅうようです). Teaching morality to children is essential「子供に道徳を教えることは大切です」(こどもにどうとくをおしえることはたいせつです). The word is commonly used in educational and philosophical contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3248

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Effect

Reading

Kanji

効Effective 目Eye

Explanation

The Japanese noun '効き目 (ききめ)' refers to the 'effect' or 'efficacy' of something, often used in the context of medicine, remedies, or actions. It implies a noticeable or measurable result. For example: The medicine had a strong effect「薬の効き目が強かった」(くすりのききめがつよかった). This method has no effect「この方法には効き目がない」(このほうほうにはききめがない). The word is commonly used when discussing the effectiveness of treatments, strategies, or efforts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3252

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Via

Reading

Kanji

経Manage, Elapse 由Reason

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '経由 (けいゆ)' means 'via' or 'by way of'. It is used to indicate the route or means through which something is done or achieved. This term is commonly used in contexts involving travel, communication, or processes. For example: I will go to Osaka via Kyoto「京都経由で大阪に行きます」(きょうとけいゆでおおさかにいきます). The package was sent via airmail「その小包は航空便経由で送られました」(そのこづつみはこうくうびんけいゆでおくられました). It can also be used metaphorically to describe indirect methods or channels.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3260

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Taxation

Reading

Kanji

課Section, Lesson 税Tax

Explanation

The Japanese noun '課税 (かぜい)' refers to the act or system of imposing taxes. It is commonly used in legal, financial, and administrative contexts to describe the process of levying taxes on income, property, goods, or services. For example: The government imposes taxation on luxury goods「政府は贅沢品に課税する」(せいふはぜいたくひんにかぜいする). This income is subject to taxation「この所得は課税対象です」(このしょとくはかぜいたいしょうです). The term can also refer to the tax itself in certain contexts, but its primary meaning is the act of taxing.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3262

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Extra, Unnecessary

Reading

Kanji

余Excess 計Measure, Plan

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '余計 (よけい)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'extra', referring to something additional or surplus. For example: I bought extra food「余計な食べ物を買った」(よけいなたべものをかった). The second meaning is 'unnecessary', referring to something that is not needed or excessive. For example: His comments were unnecessary「彼のコメントは余計だった」(かれのコメントはよけいだった). The word can also imply something is excessive or unwelcome, depending on the context. It is often used to describe actions, objects, or remarks that are either additional or superfluous.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3265

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Entertainment

Reading

Kanji

芸Art, Performance 能Ability

Explanation

The Japanese noun '芸能 (げいのう)' refers to the world of entertainment, including performing arts, music, acting, and other forms of public performance. It is often used to describe the industry or profession related to entertainment. For example: She works in the entertainment industry「彼女は芸能界で働いています」(かのじょはげいのうかいではたらいています). Traditional Japanese entertainment is fascinating「伝統的な日本の芸能は魅力的です」(でんとうてきなにほんのげいのうはみりょくてきです). The term can also refer to the skills or talents associated with performing arts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3271

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Metal

Reading

Kanji

金Gold 属Belong

Explanation

The Japanese noun '金属 (きんぞく)' means 'metal'. It refers to any of the elements or alloys that are typically hard, shiny, malleable, fusible, and ductile, with good electrical and thermal conductivity. This word is commonly used in scientific, industrial, and everyday contexts. For example: this tool is made of metal「この道具は金属でできている」(このどうぐはきんぞくでできている). Gold is a precious metal「金は貴金属です」(きんはききんぞくです). The term can also be used metaphorically to describe something strong or unyielding, as in '彼の意志は金属のように強い' (かれのいしはきんぞくのようにつよい) (His will is as strong as metal).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3275

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Communism

Reading

Kanji

共Together 産Give birth 主Master 義Righteousness

Explanation

The Japanese noun '共産主義 (きょうさんしゅぎ)' refers to the political and economic ideology of 'communism'. It is a system where property and resources are owned collectively, and labor is organized for the common good. This term is often used in political discussions, historical contexts, or when describing economic systems. Example sentences: Communism aims for a classless society「共産主義は階級のない社会を目指す」(きょうさんしゅぎはかいきゅうのないしゃかいをめざす). He studies the history of communism「彼は共産主義の歴史を研究している」(かれはきょうさんしゅぎのれきしをけんきゅうしている).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3281

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Genuine

Reading

Kanji

本Book, Origin 格Status

Explanation

The Japanese noun '本格 (ほんかく)' refers to something that is genuine, authentic, or full-fledged. It is often used to describe things that are serious, thorough, or of high quality, such as a genuine method, a full-scale effort, or an authentic style. For example: This is a genuine Italian restaurant「これは本格的なイタリアンレストランです」(これはほんかくてきなイタリアンレストランです). The company is making a full-scale effort to improve its services「その会社はサービス改善に本格的に取り組んでいます」(そのかいしゃはサービスかいぜんにほんかくてきにとりくんでいます). The word can also imply a sense of seriousness or commitment, as in '本格的な調査 (ほんかくてきなちょうさ) (a thorough investigation)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3283

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Duty, Obligation

Reading

Kanji

義Righteousness 理Reason

Explanation

The Japanese noun '義理 (ぎり)' refers to a sense of social obligation or duty, often tied to relationships or societal expectations. It is a deeply rooted concept in Japanese culture, emphasizing the importance of fulfilling one's responsibilities to maintain harmony. For example: I feel a sense of duty to help my friend「友達を助ける義理を感じる」(ともだちをたすけるぎりをかんじる). He attended the wedding out of obligation「彼は義理で結婚式に出席した」(かれはぎりでけっこんしきにしゅっせきした). This word is often used in contexts involving social expectations, such as gift-giving or attending events.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3286

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Respond

Reading

Kanji

応Answer, Respond

Explanation

The Japanese verb '応じる (おうじる)' means 'to respond' or 'to comply'. It is used when someone reacts to a request, demand, or situation, often implying a sense of obligation or adaptation. For example: he responded to the request「彼は要請に応じた」(かれはようせいにおうじた). The company complied with the regulations「会社は規制に応じた」(かいしゃはきせいにおうじた). This verb can also imply adapting to circumstances, as in '応じる力 (おうじるちから) (ability to adapt)'. It is important to note that '応じる' often carries a formal tone and is commonly used in professional or serious contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3302

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Building, Construction

Reading

Kanji

構Structure, Care 築Build, Fabricate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '構築 (こうちく)' refers to the act of constructing or building something, often used in both literal and metaphorical contexts. Literally, it can describe the construction of physical structures, such as buildings or systems. Metaphorically, it can refer to the building of abstract concepts, such as relationships, theories, or frameworks. For example: The construction of the new bridge is progressing smoothly「新しい橋の構築が順調に進んでいます」(あたらしいはしのこうちくがじゅんちょうにすすんでいます). Building a strong relationship requires effort「強い関係の構築には努力が必要です」(つよいかんけいのこうちくにはどりょくがひつようです). The word emphasizes the process and effort involved in creating something substantial.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3305

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Application

Reading

Kanji

応Answer, Respond 用Use

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '応用 (おうよう)' means 'application'. It refers to the act of applying knowledge, principles, or techniques to practical situations. This word is often used in academic, technical, or professional contexts to describe how theoretical concepts are put into practice. For example: the application of new technology「新しい技術の応用」(あたらしいぎじゅつのおうよう). This theory has many practical applications「この理論には多くの応用がある」(このりろんにはおおくのおうようがある). It is also commonly used in phrases like '応用科学 (おうようかがく)' (applied science) or '応用力 (おうようりょく)' (ability to apply knowledge).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3308

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tentatively

Reading

Kanji

一One 応Answer, Respond

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '一応 (いちおう)' means 'tentatively' or 'for the time being'. It is often used to indicate that something is done as a preliminary measure, without full commitment or certainty. It can also imply that something is done just in case or as a formality. For example: I tentatively finished the report「一応レポートは終わらせた」(いちおうレポートはおわらせた). I checked it just in case「一応確認した」(いちおうかくにんした). This adverb is commonly used in casual and formal contexts to express a sense of provisionality or precaution.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3309

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Gender

Reading

Kanji

性Gender, Sex 別Separate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '性別 (せいべつ)' refers to 'gender', specifically the classification of individuals as male, female, or other. It is commonly used in contexts discussing identity, demographics, or social issues. For example: What is your gender?「あなたの性別は何ですか？」(あなたのせいべつはなんですか？). Gender equality is important「性別の平等は大切です」(せいべつのびょうどうはたいせつです). This term is neutral and can be used in both formal and informal settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3317

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Feminine

Reading

Kanji

女Woman 性Gender, Sex 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '女性的 (じょせいてき)' means 'feminine'. It is used to describe qualities, characteristics, or behaviors that are traditionally associated with women or femininity. This word can be applied to people, objects, or even abstract concepts. For example: She has a feminine way of speaking「彼女は女性的な話し方をする」(かのじょはじょせいてきなはなしかたをする). This dress has a very feminine design「このドレスはとても女性的なデザインです」(このドレスはとてもじょせいてきなデザインです). The term often carries a positive connotation, emphasizing grace, elegance, or delicacy.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3333

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Self defense

Reading

Kanji

自Self 衛Protect, Defense

Explanation

The Japanese noun '自衛 (じえい)' means 'self-defense'. It refers to the act of protecting oneself from harm or danger, often used in contexts related to personal safety, military defense, or legal rights. For example: self-defense is a basic human right「自衛は基本的な人権です」(じえいはきほんてきなじんけんです). The country strengthened its self-defense capabilities「その国は自衛能力を強化した」(そのくにはじえいのうりょくをきょうかした). This term is commonly used in discussions about national security, martial arts, or personal safety measures.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3349

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Branch

Reading

Kanji

枝Branch

Explanation

The Japanese noun '枝 (えだ)' refers to a 'branch' of a tree or plant. It is used to describe the part of a tree that grows out from the trunk or another branch, often bearing leaves, flowers, or fruit. This word can also be used metaphorically to describe branches of a family, organization, or other structures. For example: The bird is sitting on the branch「鳥が枝に止まっている」(とりがえだにとまっている). The tree has many branches「その木にはたくさんの枝がある」(そのきにはたくさんのえだがある). In a metaphorical sense, it can be used as in 'the branch of a company'「会社の枝」(かいしゃのえだ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3360

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Prohibition

Reading

Kanji

禁Ban, Prohibition 止Stop

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '禁止 (きんし)' means 'prohibition' or 'ban'. It is used to indicate that something is not allowed or is forbidden. This word is commonly seen on signs and in rules, such as 'No Smoking' or 'No Entry'. For example: Smoking is prohibited here「ここでは喫煙が禁止されています」(ここではきつえんがきんしされています). Photography is prohibited in this area「このエリアでは撮影が禁止されています」(このエリアではさつえいがきんしされています). The word '禁止' is often used in formal or official contexts to indicate rules or regulations that must be followed.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3370

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Prohibit, Forbid

Reading

Kanji

禁Ban, Prohibition

Explanation

The Japanese verb '禁じる (きんじる)' means 'to forbid' or 'to prohibit'. It is used to express the act of officially or formally preventing someone from doing something. This verb is often used in formal or legal contexts. For example: Smoking is prohibited here「ここでは喫煙が禁じられています」(ここではきつえんがきんじられています). The school forbids students from using phones during class「学校は授業中の携帯電話の使用を禁じている」(がっこうはじゅぎょうちゅうのけいたいでんわのしようをきんじている). Note that '禁じる' can also imply a moral or ethical prohibition, not just a legal one.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3373

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Abstinence

Reading

Kanji

禁Ban, Prohibition 酒Alcohol, Sake

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '禁酒 (きんしゅ)' refers to the act of abstaining from alcohol. It is often used in contexts where someone is avoiding alcohol for health, religious, or personal reasons. For example: He decided to practice abstinence from alcohol「彼は禁酒を決意した」(かれはきんしゅをけついした). During the month, I will abstain from drinking「今月は禁酒します」(こんげつはきんしゅします). The term can also be used in medical or recovery contexts, such as when someone is advised to stop drinking for health reasons.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3375

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Steep

Reading

Kanji

険Dangerous, Steep

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '険しい (けわしい)' primarily means 'steep'. It is used to describe terrain or paths that are difficult to climb or traverse due to their steepness. For example: The mountain path is steep「山道は険しい」(やまみちはけわしい). Additionally, '険しい' can also describe a person's expression or situation as harsh or severe, though this usage is less common. For example: His expression was stern「彼の表情は険しかった」(かれのひょうじょうはけわしかった). The word is often used in contexts involving physical landscapes but can extend metaphorically to describe challenging situations or stern facial expressions.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3377

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Limit

Reading

Kanji

限Limit

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '限 (げん)' means 'limit' or 'boundary'. It is often used to indicate a restriction, boundary, or extent of something. This suffix is commonly attached to nouns to form compound words that express a specific limit or scope. For example: time limit「時間限」(じかんげん). Capacity limit「定員限」(ていいんげん). It can also be used in phrases like '期限 (きげん)', which means 'deadline' or 'time limit'. Note that '限' is rarely used as a standalone word and is typically part of compound words or phrases.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3380

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Proof, Verification

Reading

Kanji

証Evidence 明Bright

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '証明 (しょうめい)' primarily means 'proof' or 'verification'. It refers to the act of proving or verifying something, often through evidence or logical reasoning. This term is commonly used in legal, scientific, and everyday contexts. For example: He provided proof of his innocence「彼は自分の無実を証明した」(かれはじぶんのむじつをしょうめいした). The experiment verified the theory「その実験は理論を証明した」(そのじっけんはりろんをしょうめいした). Note that '証明' can also be used as a verb when combined with 'する', as in '証明する (しょうめいする)', meaning 'to prove' or 'to verify'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3382

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Secure

Reading

Kanji

確Certain 保Preserve

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '確保 (かくほ)' means 'secure' or 'ensure'. It is used to describe the act of guaranteeing or securing something, such as resources, safety, or opportunities. This term is often used in formal or business contexts. For example: We need to secure enough resources「十分な資源を確保する必要がある」(じゅうぶんなしげんをかくほするひつようがある). The company ensured the safety of its employees「会社は従業員の安全を確保した」(かいしゃはじゅうぎょういんのあんぜんをかくほした). Note that '確保' is commonly used in contexts where something is being guaranteed or made certain, such as securing a seat, ensuring safety, or guaranteeing supplies.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3397

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Establishment

Reading

Kanji

確Certain 立Stand

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '確立 (かくりつ)' means 'establishment'. It refers to the act of setting up or creating something firmly and securely, such as a system, theory, or organization. This word is often used in formal or professional contexts. For example: the establishment of a new policy「新しい方針の確立」(あたらしいほうしんのかくりつ). The theory was firmly established「その理論は確立された」(そのりろんはかくりつされた). Note that '確立' emphasizes the process of achieving stability or certainty in the creation of something.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3400

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Confirmation, Finalization

Reading

Kanji

確Certain 定Determine

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '確定 (かくてい)' refers to the act of confirming or finalizing something. It is often used in contexts where decisions, plans, or details are settled and made official. For example: The schedule has been confirmed「スケジュールが確定しました」(スケジュールがかくていしました). The results have been finalized「結果が確定した」(けっかがかくていした). This term is commonly used in business, legal, and administrative settings to indicate that something is no longer subject to change.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3402

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Certain

Reading

Kanji

確Certain 実Fruit, Truth

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '確実 (かくじつ)' means 'certain' or 'reliable'. It is used to describe something that is definite, assured, or guaranteed to happen or be true. This word often conveys a sense of confidence or trustworthiness. For example: This method is certain to work「この方法は確実にうまくいく」(このほうほうはかくじつにうまくいく). He is a reliable person「彼は確実な人だ」(かれはかくじつなひとだ). The word can also be used in contexts where something is guaranteed, such as '確実な結果 (かくじつなけっか) (certain result)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3404

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Conviction

Reading

Kanji

確Certain 信Trust

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '確信 (かくしん)' means 'conviction' or 'firm belief'. It is used to express a strong sense of certainty or confidence in something. This word is often used in contexts where someone is sure about a fact, decision, or outcome. For example: I have a conviction that he will succeed「彼が成功すると確信している」(かれがせいこうするとかくしんしている). She spoke with conviction「彼女は確信を持って話した」(かのじょはかくしんをもってはなした). The word can also be used in negative forms, such as '確信がない (かくしんがない)' (lack of conviction).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3405

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Individuality

Reading

Kanji

個Individual 性Gender, Sex

Explanation

The Japanese noun '個性 (こせい)' refers to 'individuality' or the unique characteristics that distinguish one person or thing from others. It is often used in contexts discussing personal traits, creativity, or the distinct qualities of a person or object. For example: She has a strong individuality「彼女は強い個性を持っている」(かのじょはつよいこせいをもっている). This artist's work reflects his individuality「このアーティストの作品は彼の個性を反映している」(このアーティストのさくひんはかれのこせいをはんえいしている). The word is commonly used in educational, artistic, and professional settings to emphasize the importance of uniqueness.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3407

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rash

Reading

Kanji

軽Lightly 率Command, Proportion

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '軽率 (けいそつ)' means 'rash' or 'thoughtless'. It is used to describe actions or decisions that are made without careful consideration, often leading to negative consequences. This word carries a nuance of criticism or disapproval, implying that the person being described acted too quickly or carelessly. For example: His decision was rash「彼の決断は軽率だった」(かれのけつだんはけいそつだった). It's rash to make promises without thinking「考えずに約束するのは軽率だ」(かんがえずにやくそくするのはけいそつだ). The word is often used in formal or serious contexts to point out a lack of prudence or responsibility.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3409

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Opportunity

Reading

Kanji

序Beginning, Preface

Explanation

The Japanese noun '序で (ついで)' refers to an opportunity or a convenient moment to do something. It is often used when someone is already doing something and takes the chance to do another related task. For example: While you're at the store, could you buy some milk?「お店に行くついでに牛乳を買ってきてくれる？」(おみせにいくついでにぎゅうにゅうをかってきてくれる？). I'll clean the kitchen while I'm at it「キッチンを掃除するついでに片付けよう」(キッチンをそうじするついでにかたづけよう). This word is commonly used in casual conversations and implies making the most of a situation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3417

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ratio

Reading

Kanji

比Compare, Ratio 率Command, Proportion

Explanation

The Japanese noun '比率 (ひりつ)' means 'ratio'. It refers to the quantitative relation between two amounts showing the number of times one value contains or is contained within the other. This term is commonly used in mathematical, scientific, and financial contexts to describe proportions or comparative relationships. For example: The ratio of men to women is 2:1「男性と女性の比率は2:1です」(だんせいとじょせいのひりつは2:1です). The ratio of sugar to flour in this recipe is 1:3「このレシピの砂糖と小麦粉の比率は1:3です」(このレシピのさとうとこむぎこのひりつは1:3です).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3425

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Executive

Reading

Kanji

幹Trunk, Main 部Section, Department

Explanation

The Japanese noun '幹部 (かんぶ)' refers to an executive or a high-ranking official within an organization, such as a company, political party, or other group. It typically denotes someone in a leadership or managerial position who holds significant responsibility. For example: The executive made an important decision「幹部が重要な決定をした」(かんぶがじゅうようなけっていをした). She is a member of the company's executive team「彼女は会社の幹部です」(かのじょはかいしゃのかんぶです). The term is often used in formal or professional contexts and emphasizes the person's role in decision-making and leadership.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3427

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Asset

Reading

Kanji

財Wealth

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '財 (ざい)' means 'asset' or 'wealth'. It is commonly used in compound words to refer to financial or material resources. For example: national wealth「国財」(こくざい). This suffix is often found in formal or economic contexts. Another example: financial assets「金融財」(きんゆうざい). It is important to note that '財' is rarely used alone and is typically part of a larger word.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3433

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Semi express

Reading

Kanji

準Follow, Semi 急Urgent

Explanation

The Japanese noun '準急 (じゅんきゅう)' refers to a type of train service that is faster than local trains but slower than express trains. It is often used in the context of public transportation to describe trains that make fewer stops than local trains but more stops than express trains. For example: I took the semi-express train「準急に乗りました」(じゅんきゅうにのりました). The semi-express train stops at major stations「準急は主要な駅に停まります」(じゅんきゅうはしゅようなえきにとまります). This term is commonly used in train schedules and announcements to help passengers understand the level of service provided by the train.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3439

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Establishment

Reading

Kanji

設Set up, Establish 立Stand

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '設立 (せつりつ)' means 'establishment' or 'founding'. It refers to the act of setting up or creating an organization, institution, or company. This term is commonly used in formal contexts, such as business or legal settings. For example: The establishment of the company was in 1995「その会社の設立は1995年でした」(そのかいしゃのせつりつは1995ねんでした). They are planning the establishment of a new school「彼らは新しい学校の設立を計画しています」(かれらはあたらしいがっこうのせつりつをけいかくしています). The word is often paired with verbs like 'する' to indicate the action of establishing something, as in '設立する (せつりつする)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3441

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Equipment, Facilities

Reading

Kanji

設Set up, Establish 備Equip, Provide

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '設備 (せつび)' refers to 'equipment' or 'facilities'. It is used to describe the physical infrastructure, machinery, or systems installed in a place to enable its functioning. This term is commonly used in contexts such as factories, offices, schools, or public spaces. For example: The factory has new equipment「工場には新しい設備がある」(こうじょうにはあたらしいせつびがある). The school's facilities are modern「学校の設備は近代的です」(がっこうのせつびはきんだいてきです). Note that '設備' often implies a more permanent or large-scale setup compared to smaller, portable tools or devices.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3444

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ticket, Voucher

Reading

Kanji

券Ticket

Explanation

The Japanese noun '券 (けん)' refers to a ticket or voucher, which is a piece of paper or digital document that grants the holder access to a service, event, or product. It is commonly used in contexts such as transportation, events, or discounts. For example: I bought a train ticket「電車の券を買いました」(でんしゃのけんをかいました). This is a discount voucher「これは割引券です」(これはわりびきけんです). The word can also be used in compound nouns, such as '入場券 (にゅうじょうけん) (admission ticket)' or '回数券 (かいすうけん) (multi-ride ticket).'

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3446

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Individual, Specific

Reading

Kanji

個Individual 別Separate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '個別 (こべつ)' refers to something being treated or considered individually or specifically, rather than as part of a group or in a general sense. It is often used in contexts where attention is given to the unique characteristics or details of each item or person. For example: individual instruction「個別の指導」(こべつのしどう). We will handle each case specifically「個別に対応します」(こべつにたいおうします). The term emphasizes the importance of addressing each element on its own merits or needs.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3447

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Explanation

Reading

Kanji

解Solve, Untie 説Theory, Explanation

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '解説 (かいせつ)' means 'explanation' or 'commentary'. It is used to describe a detailed explanation or analysis of a topic, often provided by an expert or someone knowledgeable. This term is commonly used in contexts such as news programs, sports broadcasts, or academic lectures, where a commentator or expert provides insights or explanations. For example: The professor gave a detailed explanation of the theory「教授はその理論の解説をした」(きょうじゅはそのりろんのかいせつをした). The sports commentator provided a play-by-play commentary「スポーツ解説者が実況解説をした」(スポーツかいせつしゃがじっきょうかいせつをした).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3448

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

International

Reading

Kanji

国Country 際Occasion 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '国際的 (こくさいてき)' means 'international'. It is used to describe something that involves or relates to multiple countries or has a global scope. This word is often used in contexts such as international relations, global business, or cultural exchanges. For example: This conference is international「この会議は国際的です」(このかいぎはこくさいてきです). She has an international perspective「彼女は国際的な視野を持っています」(かのじょはこくさいてきなしやをもっています). The adjective can also modify nouns, as in '国際的な問題 (こくさいてきなもんだい) (international issue)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3460

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Internationalization

Reading

Kanji

国Country 際Occasion 化Change

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '国際化 (こくさいか)' refers to the process of making something international in scope or application. It is often used in contexts such as business, education, and technology to describe the adaptation of products, services, or systems to operate across different countries and cultures. For example: The company is focusing on internationalization「その会社は国際化に力を入れている」(そのかいしゃはこくさいかにちからをいれている). The university promotes internationalization「その大学は国際化を推進している」(そのだいがくはこくさいかをすいしんしている). This term is commonly used in discussions about globalization and cross-cultural exchange.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3462

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Craftsman

Reading

Kanji

職Employment 人Person

Explanation

The Japanese noun '職人 (しょくにん)' refers to a skilled craftsman or artisan who specializes in a particular trade or craft. This term is often used to describe individuals who have honed their skills through years of practice and dedication, such as carpenters, potters, or blacksmiths. The word carries a connotation of high skill, precision, and tradition. For example: The craftsman made a beautiful vase「職人が美しい花瓶を作りました」(しょくにんがうつくしいかびんをつくりました). He is a master craftsman「彼は職人の達人です」(かれはしょくにんのたつじんです). The term is deeply respected in Japanese culture, often associated with the concept of 'monozukuri' (物作り), which emphasizes the spirit of craftsmanship and the pursuit of perfection.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3463

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dating

Reading

Kanji

交Mix 際Occasion

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '交際 (こうさい)' primarily refers to the act of dating or being in a romantic relationship. It can also imply social interaction or association in a broader sense, but it is most commonly used to describe romantic relationships. For example: They are dating「彼らは交際している」(かれらはこうさいしている). I heard they started dating last month「先月から交際を始めたと聞いた」(せんげつからこうさいをはじめたときいた). The term is often used in formal contexts to describe the status of a relationship, such as in news reports or official statements.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3464

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Air ticket

Reading

Kanji

航Sail, Navigate 空Sky, Empty 券Ticket

Explanation

The Japanese noun '航空券 (こうくうけん)' means 'air ticket'. This term refers to a ticket that allows a passenger to travel on an airplane. It is commonly used when discussing travel plans, booking flights, or checking in at airports. For example: I bought an air ticket to Tokyo「東京行きの航空券を買いました」(とうきょうゆきのこうくうけんをかいました). Please show your air ticket at the counter「カウンターで航空券を見せてください」(かうんたーでこうくうけんをみせてください). The word is a combination of '航空 (こうくう)' meaning 'aviation' and '券 (けん)' meaning 'ticket'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3474

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Agreement

Reading

Kanji

賛Praise, Agree 成Become

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '賛成 (さんせい)' means 'agreement' or 'approval'. It is used to express consent or support for an idea, proposal, or opinion. This word is commonly used in formal and informal contexts, such as meetings, discussions, or everyday conversations. For example: I agree with your opinion「あなたの意見に賛成です」(あなたのいけんにさんせいです). The committee approved the proposal「委員会はその提案に賛成した」(いいんかいはそのていあんにさんせいした). Note that '賛成' is often paired with the particle 'に' to indicate what is being agreed upon, as in '提案に賛成する (ていあんにさんせいする) (to agree with the proposal)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3484

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Solve, Untie

Reading

Kanji

解Solve, Untie

Explanation

The Japanese verb '解く (とく)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to solve', as in solving a problem or puzzle. For example: I solved the math problem「数学の問題を解いた」(すうがくのもんだいをといた). The second meaning is 'to untie', as in untying a knot or untying something that is bound. For example: He untied the rope「彼はロープを解いた」(かれはロープをといた). The verb can also be used metaphorically, such as untying a mystery or solving a riddle. The context will usually make it clear which meaning is intended.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3493

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Training

Reading

Kanji

研Sharpen 修Discipline

Explanation

The Japanese noun '研修 (けんしゅう)' refers to 'training' or 'a training program'. It is commonly used in professional or educational contexts to describe a period of learning or skill development, often for employees or students. For example: I attended a training session「研修に参加しました」(けんしゅうにさんかしました). The company provides training for new employees「会社は新入社員の研修を行います」(かいしゃはしんにゅうしゃいんのけんしゅうをおこないます). This word is often associated with structured programs aimed at improving skills or knowledge in a specific field.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3494

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mechanism, Organization

Reading

Kanji

機Machine, Opportunity 構Structure, Care

Explanation

The Japanese noun '機構 (きこう)' can mean 'mechanism' or 'organization', depending on the context. When referring to 'mechanism', it describes the physical or functional structure of a system or device. For example: the mechanism of this clock is complex「この時計の機構は複雑だ」(このとけいのきこうはふくざつだ). When referring to 'organization', it describes an organized body or system, such as a company or institution. For example: the organization of this company is efficient「この会社の機構は効率的だ」(このかいしゃのきこうはこうりつてきだ). The word is often used in technical, scientific, or administrative contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3498

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Aforementioned

Reading

Kanji

前Before, Front 述State, Mention

Explanation

The Japanese noun '前述 (ぜんじゅつ)' means 'aforementioned' or 'previously mentioned'. It is used to refer to something that has already been stated or discussed earlier in a conversation, text, or context. This term is often used in formal or written contexts to avoid repetition and to refer back to earlier points. For example: as aforementioned, the plan has changed「前述のとおり、計画は変更されました」(ぜんじゅつのとおり、けいかくはへんこうされました). The aforementioned issue will be addressed later「前述の問題は後で取り上げます」(ぜんじゅつのもんだいはあとでとりあげます).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3500

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Capitalism

Reading

Kanji

資Capital, Resources 本Book, Origin 主Master 義Righteousness

Explanation

The Japanese noun '資本主義 (しほんしゅぎ)' refers to the economic system known as 'capitalism'. This system is characterized by private ownership of the means of production and the creation of goods or services for profit in a competitive market. It is a fundamental concept in economics and political science. Example sentences include: Capitalism drives innovation「資本主義は革新を促進する」(しほんしゅぎはかくしんをそくしんする). Many countries operate under capitalism「多くの国が資本主義の下で運営されている」(おおくのくにがしほんしゅぎのもとでうんえいされている).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3503

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Commit

Reading

Kanji

犯Crime

Explanation

The Japanese verb '犯す (おかす)' primarily means 'to commit' and is most often used in the context of committing a crime, sin, or wrongdoing. It carries a strong negative connotation and is typically associated with serious offenses. For example: he committed a crime「彼は罪を犯した」(かれはつみをおかした). It can also be used in a broader sense to mean 'to violate' or 'to transgress', such as violating a rule or moral boundary. For example: she violated the rules「彼女はルールを犯した」(かのじょはルールをおかした). This verb is not used in casual or positive contexts and should be handled with care due to its serious implications.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3510

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Build

Reading

Kanji

築Build, Fabricate

Explanation

The Japanese verb '築く (きずく)' primarily means 'to build' or 'to construct'. It is often used in the context of building physical structures, such as buildings or bridges, but it can also be used metaphorically to describe building relationships, trust, or a career. For example: He built a house「彼は家を築いた」(かれはいえをきずいた). They built a strong relationship「彼らは強い関係を築いた」(かれらはつよいかんけいをきずいた). The verb can also imply the gradual accumulation or establishment of something over time, such as wealth or a reputation. For instance: She built her career over many years「彼女は長年にわたってキャリアを築いた」(かのじょはながねんにわたってキャリアをきずいた).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3515

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Correct

Reading

Kanji

正Correct 解Solve, Untie

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '正解 (せいかい)' means 'correct' or 'correct answer'. It is commonly used in contexts such as quizzes, tests, or any situation where a correct response is expected. For example: The correct answer is A「正解はAです」(せいかいはAです). Did you get the correct answer?「正解は分かりましたか？」(せいかいはわかりましたか？). It can also be used to indicate that someone has made the right decision or choice, as in 'That was the correct choice'「それが正解だった」(それがせいかいだった).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3517

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

As much as possible

Reading

Kanji

成Become 可Possible

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '成る可く (なるべく)' means 'as much as possible' or 'to the best of one's ability'. It is used to express the idea of doing something to the greatest extent feasible or within reasonable limits. This adverb is often used in requests or suggestions to encourage someone to make an effort. For example: Please come as early as possible「成る可く早く来てください」(なるべくはやくきてください). I try to eat vegetables as much as possible「成る可く野菜を食べるようにしています」(なるべくやさいをたべるようにしています). The nuance of '成る可く' implies a sense of effort or intention to achieve something within given constraints.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3525

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting