Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Kanji School Grade

word

Meaning

Normal

Reading

Kanji

正Correct 常Usual, Normal

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '正常 (せいじょう)' means 'normal'. It is used to describe a state or condition that is regular, standard, or functioning as expected. This term is often used in contexts related to health, machinery, or systems. For example: The machine is functioning normally「機械は正常に動いている」(きかいはせいじょうにうごいている). His health condition is normal「彼の健康状態は正常だ」(かれのけんこうじょうたいはせいじょうだ). It can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as describing a situation or behavior as normal. For instance: It's normal to feel nervous「緊張するのは正常だ」(きんちょうするのはせいじょうだ).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3529

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Awareness, Consciousness

Reading

Kanji

意Idea 識Knowledge, Discernment

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '意識 (いしき)' primarily refers to 'consciousness' or 'awareness'. It is used to describe the state of being conscious or aware of something, whether it be one's surroundings, thoughts, or feelings. This word is often used in both medical and everyday contexts. For example: He lost consciousness「彼は意識を失った」(かれはいしきをうしなった). She is aware of the problem「彼女はその問題を意識している」(かのじょはそのもんだいをいしきしている). Additionally, '意識' can also imply a sense of self-awareness or mindfulness, as in being conscious of one's actions or impact on others.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3530

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Maintenance

Reading

Kanji

整Organize 備Equip, Provide

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '整備 (せいび)' refers to the act of maintaining, servicing, or preparing something to ensure it functions properly. It is commonly used in contexts like vehicle maintenance, equipment upkeep, or system preparation. For example: regular maintenance is important「定期的な整備は大切です」(ていきてきなせいびはたいせつです). The mechanic is servicing the car「整備士が車を整備しています」(せいびしがくるまをせいびしています). This word emphasizes the process of keeping things in good working order.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3538

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Inspection

Reading

Kanji

検Examine 査Investigate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '検査 (けんさ)' means 'inspection' or 'examination'. It is commonly used in contexts related to checking, testing, or scrutinizing something, such as medical examinations, quality checks, or technical inspections. For example: I had a medical inspection「私は検査を受けました」(わたしはけんさをうけました). The product passed the quality inspection「その製品は品質検査に合格しました」(そのせいひんはひんしつけんさにごうかくしました). This word is often used in formal or technical settings and can be combined with other words to specify the type of inspection, such as '健康検査 (けんこうけんさ)' (health checkup) or '車両検査 (しゃりょうけんさ)' (vehicle inspection).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3542

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

View, Opinion

Reading

Kanji

見See 解Solve, Untie

Explanation

The Japanese noun '見解 (けんかい)' refers to a person's view or opinion on a particular matter. It is often used in formal or professional contexts to discuss perspectives, interpretations, or conclusions about a topic. For example: His view on the matter is clear「彼の見解は明確です」(かれのけんかいはめいかくです). We need to consider everyone's opinion「皆の見解を考慮する必要があります」(みんなのけんかいをこうりょするひつようがあります). The word is commonly used in discussions, debates, or written analyses to express a well-considered stance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3551

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Connection

Reading

Kanji

接Contact, Touch 続Continue

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '接続 (せつぞく)' primarily means 'connection'. It is used to refer to the act of connecting or linking things together, whether physically, logically, or in terms of communication. For example: The connection between the two devices is stable「二つのデバイスの接続は安定している」(ふたつのデバイスのせつぞくはあんていしている). Please check the internet connection「インターネットの接続を確認してください」(インターネットのせつぞくをかくにんしてください). This term is commonly used in technical contexts, such as electronics, networking, and transportation, but can also be applied to abstract concepts like relationships or ideas.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3554

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Chat

Reading

Kanji

雑Miscellaneous 談Discuss

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '雑談 (ざつだん)' refers to casual conversation or small talk. It is used to describe informal, light-hearted discussions that are not focused on any specific topic. This word is often used in social settings, such as during breaks at work or when catching up with friends. For example: Let's have a chat「雑談しましょう」(ざつだんしましょう). We had a nice chat yesterday「昨日はいい雑談をしました」(きのうはいいざつだんをしました). The term emphasizes the relaxed and unstructured nature of the conversation, contrasting with more formal or serious discussions.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3562

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sutra

Reading

Kanji

経Manage, Elapse

Explanation

The Japanese noun '経 (きょう)' refers to 'sutra', which are sacred texts or scriptures in Buddhism. These texts often contain teachings, doctrines, or discourses attributed to the Buddha. The term is commonly used in religious contexts and is an essential part of Buddhist practice. For example: I read a sutra「経を読みました」(きょうをよみました). The monk chanted the sutra「僧侶が経を唱えました」(そうりょがきょうをとなえました). Note that '経' can also refer to the passage of time or longitude in other contexts, but its primary and most common meaning is 'sutra' in religious contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3570

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Customs

Reading

Kanji

税Tax 関Barrier, Related

Explanation

The Japanese noun '税関 (ぜいかん)' refers to 'customs', specifically the government agency responsible for regulating the flow of goods into and out of a country, as well as collecting duties and taxes on imports and exports. This term is commonly used in contexts related to international travel, shipping, and trade. For example: I went through customs「税関を通りました」(ぜいかんをとおりました). The customs officer checked my luggage「税関の職員が私の荷物をチェックしました」(ぜいかんのしょくいんがわたしのにもつをチェックしました). It is important to note that '税関' is often associated with airports, seaports, and border crossings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3574

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Guide

Reading

Kanji

導Lead, Guide

Explanation

The Japanese verb '導く (みちびく)' means 'to guide' or 'to lead'. It is used to describe the act of showing someone the way, either physically or metaphorically. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as guiding someone through a process, leading a group, or even guiding someone to a conclusion. For example: The teacher guided the students to the correct answer「先生は生徒を正しい答えに導いた」(せんせいはせいとをただしいこたえにみちびいた). He guided the team to victory「彼はチームを勝利に導いた」(かれはチームをしょうりにみちびいた). The verb can also imply a sense of influence or direction, as in guiding someone's thoughts or actions.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3580

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Politician

Reading

Kanji

政Government, Politics 治Cure, Reign 家House

Explanation

The Japanese noun '政治家 (せいじか)' refers to a 'politician', someone who is professionally involved in politics, especially as a holder of an elected office. This term is used to describe individuals who are engaged in the activities associated with the governance of a country or area, especially the debate between parties having power. For example: That politician is very popular「あの政治家はとても人気がある」(あのせいじかはとてもにんきがある). He became a politician after retiring from the military「彼は軍隊を引退した後、政治家になった」(かれはぐんたいをいんたいしたあと、せいじかになった). The term can be used in both formal and informal contexts, and it carries a neutral connotation unless specified otherwise by the context in which it is used.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3581

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Modification

Reading

Kanji

改Reform 造Make, Build

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '改造 (かいぞう)' refers to the act of modifying or remodeling something, often to improve or change its function or appearance. It is commonly used in contexts such as modifying vehicles, machinery, or even software. For example: He modified his car「彼は車を改造した」(かれはくるまをかいぞうした). The company is remodeling the office「会社はオフィスを改造している」(かいしゃはオフィスをかいぞうしている). This word can also imply significant changes rather than minor adjustments, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3605

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Affection

Reading

Kanji

愛Love 情Feeling, Emotion

Explanation

The Japanese noun '愛情 (あいじょう)' means 'affection' or 'love'. It refers to a deep feeling of care, fondness, or attachment towards someone or something. This word is often used to describe emotional bonds, such as parental love, romantic love, or even love for pets. For example: she has deep affection for her child「彼女は子供に深い愛情を持っている」(かのじょはこどもにふかいあいじょうをもっている). His affection for animals is evident「彼の動物への愛情は明らかだ」(かれのどうぶつへのあいじょうはあきらかだ). Note that '愛情' is more about emotional attachment and care, rather than romantic love, which is often expressed with '恋 (こい)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3615

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Countryside

Reading

Kanji

田Rice field 舎House, Quarters

Explanation

The Japanese noun '田舎 (いなか)' refers to rural areas or the countryside, often in contrast to urban areas. It carries connotations of simplicity, tradition, and sometimes a slower pace of life. It can also imply a sense of nostalgia or a place where one grew up. For example: I grew up in the countryside「私は田舎で育ちました」(わたしはいなかでそだちました). Life in the countryside is peaceful「田舎の生活は平和です」(いなかのせいかつはへいわです). The word can sometimes be used to describe something as 'provincial' or 'unsophisticated' depending on the context, but it generally emphasizes the charm and tranquility of rural life.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3616

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Textile

Reading

Kanji

織Weave 物Thing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '織物 (おりもの)' refers to 'textile' or 'woven fabric'. It is used to describe any material made by weaving, knitting, or felting fibers together. This term is commonly used in contexts related to clothing, crafts, and traditional Japanese arts. For example: This textile is beautiful「この織物は美しい」(このおりものはうつくしい). She bought a traditional Japanese textile「彼女は伝統的な日本の織物を買った」(かのじょはでんとうてきなにほんのおりものをかった). The word can also refer to the art or process of weaving itself.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3623

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Absence

Reading

Kanji

留Stay, Detain 守Protect

Explanation

The Japanese noun '留守 (るす)' primarily means 'absence'. It is used to describe a situation where someone is not at home or away from a place. It can also imply that someone is not paying attention or is distracted. For example: I was absent from home「私は家を留守にしていた」(わたしはいえをるすにしていた). He was absent-minded during the meeting「彼は会議中に留守だった」(かれはかいぎちゅうにるすだった). Note that '留守' is often used in phrases like '留守番 (るすばん)' (house-sitting) or '留守にする' (to be away).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3629

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Resignation

Reading

Kanji

辞Word, Resign 任Duty, Responsibility

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '辞任 (じにん)' means 'resignation'. It refers to the act of stepping down or resigning from a position, role, or responsibility, often used in formal or professional contexts. For example: The president announced his resignation「社長は辞任を発表した」(しゃちょうはじにんをはっぴょうした). She submitted her resignation due to health issues「彼女は健康上の理由で辞任を提出した」(かのじょはけんこうじょうのりゆうでじにんをていしゅつした). This term is commonly used in political, corporate, or organizational settings to describe the voluntary or forced departure from a position.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3643

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Civil servant

Reading

Kanji

公Public 務Duty, Task 員Member

Explanation

The Japanese noun '公務員 (こうむいん)' refers to a 'civil servant' or 'public servant'. This term is used to describe individuals who work for the government or public sector, performing administrative, clerical, or other official duties. The role of a 公務員 is often associated with stability and respect in Japanese society. For example: He became a civil servant「彼は公務員になった」(かれはこうむいんになった). Civil servants work for the public good「公務員は公共の利益のために働く」(こうむいんはこうきょうのりえきのためにはたらく). The term can also be used in a broader sense to include various levels of government employees, from local to national.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3655

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Clerk

Reading

Kanji

事Thing 務Duty, Task 員Member

Explanation

The Japanese noun '事務員 (じむいん)' refers to a 'clerk' or 'office worker'. This term is commonly used to describe someone who performs administrative or clerical tasks in an office setting. It is a neutral term and does not imply any specific rank or seniority. For example: She works as a clerk「彼女は事務員として働いています」(かのじょはじむいんとしてはたらいています). The clerk is organizing the documents「事務員が書類を整理しています」(じむいんがしょるいをせいりしています). This word is often used in professional or formal contexts to describe someone handling routine office duties.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3661

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Material

Reading

Kanji

素Element 材Materials, Timber

Explanation

The Japanese noun '素材 (そざい)' primarily means 'material'. It refers to the raw substance or components used to create or build something. This term is commonly used in contexts such as cooking, art, construction, and manufacturing. For example: This dish uses fresh ingredients「この料理は新鮮な素材を使っています」(このりょうりはしんせんなそざいをつかっています). The artist chose high-quality materials「その芸術家は高品質の素材を選びました」(そのげいじゅつかはこうひんしつのそざいをえらびました). The word can also metaphorically refer to the basis or foundation of something, such as ideas or stories.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3664

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Acid

Reading

Kanji

酸Bitter, Acid

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '酸 (さん)' means 'acid'. It is used in chemistry to denote substances that have acidic properties. This suffix is commonly attached to the names of specific acids, such as hydrochloric acid (塩酸, えんさん) or sulfuric acid (硫酸, りゅうさん). For example: This solution contains hydrochloric acid「この溶液には塩酸が含まれている」(このようえきにはえんさんがふくまれている). Sulfuric acid is highly corrosive「硫酸は非常に腐食性が高い」(りゅうさんはひじょうにふしょくせいがたかい). The suffix '酸' is essential in scientific and chemical contexts to identify and describe acidic compounds.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3665

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Achievement, Performance

Reading

Kanji

業Business 績Achievement

Explanation

The Japanese noun '業績 (ぎょうせき)' refers to achievements or performance, particularly in the context of business, work, or academic endeavors. It is often used to describe measurable results, such as financial performance, sales figures, or academic accomplishments. For example: The company's performance improved this year「今年の業績は向上した」(ことしのぎょうせきはこうじょうした). His academic achievements are impressive「彼の学業成績は素晴らしい」(かれのがくぎょうせいせきはすばらしい). Note that '業績' is commonly used in formal or professional settings and emphasizes quantifiable results.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3666

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Oxygen

Reading

Kanji

酸Bitter, Acid 素Element

Explanation

The Japanese noun '酸素 (さんそ)' means 'oxygen'. It refers to the chemical element with the symbol O and atomic number 8, which is essential for life and combustion. This word is commonly used in scientific, medical, and everyday contexts. For example: Oxygen is necessary for life「酸素は生命に必要です」(さんそはせいめいにひつようです). Plants produce oxygen「植物は酸素を生産します」(しょくぶつはさんそをせいさんします). The word is also used in compounds like '酸素マスク (さんそマスク)' (oxygen mask) or '酸素ボンベ (さんそボンベ)' (oxygen tank).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3667

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Profitability

Reading

Kanji

採Gather, Pick 算Calculate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '採算 (さいさん)' refers to 'profitability' or the financial viability of a business or project. It is often used in economic or business contexts to discuss whether an endeavor is financially sustainable or worth pursuing. For example: The project's profitability is uncertain「そのプロジェクトの採算は不透明だ」(そのプロジェクトのさいさんはふとうめいだ). We need to consider profitability before proceeding「採算を考えてから進める必要がある」(さいさんをかんがえてからすすめるひつようがある). This term is commonly used in discussions about business strategies, investments, and financial planning.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3677

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Work

Reading

Kanji

効Effective

Explanation

The Japanese verb '効く (きく)' means 'to work' or 'to be effective'. It is commonly used to describe the effectiveness of something, such as medicine, methods, or strategies. For example: This medicine works「この薬は効く」(このくすりはきく). His plan worked「彼の計画は効いた」(かれのけいかくはきいた). It can also be used in a broader sense to indicate that something has an impact or influence. For instance: Her words worked on him「彼女の言葉が彼に効いた」(かのじょのことばがかれにきいた). Note that '効く' is often used in contexts where the effectiveness of something is being evaluated or observed.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3680

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Make, Brew

Reading

Kanji

造Make, Build

Explanation

The Japanese verb '造る (つくる)' primarily means 'to make' or 'to create'. It is often used in contexts involving the creation or production of something tangible, such as food, drinks, or objects. For example: He makes wine「彼はワインを造る」(かれはワインをつくる). The second meaning, 'to brew', is specific to the production of alcoholic beverages like sake or beer. For example: They brew sake at this factory「この工場では酒を造る」(このこうじょうではさけをつくる). The verb can also imply a sense of craftsmanship or careful production, especially when used in traditional or artisanal contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3681

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Grading

Reading

Kanji

採Gather, Pick 点Point

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '採点 (さいてん)' refers to the act of grading or marking, particularly in an academic or evaluative context. It is commonly used when teachers or examiners assess and assign scores to tests, assignments, or performances. For example: The teacher is grading the tests「先生がテストを採点している」(せんせいがテストをさいてんしている). Grading will be completed by tomorrow「採点は明日までに終わります」(さいてんはあしたまでにおわります). This term is often used in educational settings and emphasizes the process of evaluation rather than the result.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3683

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Activation

Reading

Kanji

活Lively 性Gender, Sex

Explanation

The Japanese noun '活性 (かっせい)' means 'activation'. It is commonly used in scientific, technical, or biological contexts to describe the process of making something active or functional. For example: the activation of enzymes「酵素の活性」(こうそのかっせい). This term can also be used metaphorically to describe the revitalization or energizing of something, such as a business or community. For example: the activation of the local economy「地域経済の活性」(ちいきけいざいのかっせい). Note that this word is often paired with other terms to form compound nouns, such as '活性化 (かっせいか)' (activation/revitalization).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3701

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Moderate, Irresponsible

Reading

Kanji

加Join, Add 減Decrease

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun 'いい加減 (いいかげん)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'irresponsible' or 'careless', often used to describe someone who does not take their responsibilities seriously. For example: he is so irresponsible「彼はいい加減だ」(かれはいいかげんだ). The second meaning is 'moderate' or 'appropriate', used to describe something that is neither too much nor too little. For example: this temperature is just right「この温度はいい加減だ」(このおんどはいいかげんだ). The word can also imply a sense of being 'half-hearted' or 'not thorough' depending on the context. For instance: stop being so half-hearted「いい加減にしなさい」(いいかげんにしなさい).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3703

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Entrust

Reading

Kanji

預Deposit

Explanation

The Japanese verb '預ける (あずける)' means 'to entrust' or 'to leave something in someone's care'. It is commonly used when you want to leave an object, responsibility, or even a person in the care of someone else. For example: I entrusted my bag to the hotel「ホテルに荷物を預けた」(ほてるににもつをあずけた). She left her child with her friend「彼女は友達に子供を預けた」(かのじょはともだちにこどもをあずけた). This verb implies a sense of trust and reliance on the person being entrusted. It can also be used in financial contexts, such as depositing money in a bank.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3713

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Develop

Reading

Kanji

現Appear, Current 像Image, Statue

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '現像 (げんぞう)' refers to the process of developing photographic film or images. It is commonly used in the context of photography and film processing. For example: I will develop the photos「写真を現像します」(しゃしんをげんぞうします). The film is being developed「フィルムが現像されています」(フィルムがげんぞうされています). This term is specific to the technical process of bringing out the latent image on photographic film or paper.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3722

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Correction

Reading

Kanji

修Discipline 正Correct

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '修正 (しゅうせい)' means 'correction'. It refers to the act of making changes to something in order to improve or fix it. This word is commonly used in contexts such as editing documents, adjusting plans, or fixing errors. For example: I made corrections to the document「文書に修正を加えました」(ぶんしょにしゅうせいをくわえました). The plan needs correction「その計画は修正が必要です」(そのけいかくはしゅうせいがひつようです). It's important to note that '修正' implies a deliberate and often minor adjustment rather than a complete overhaul.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3727

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Immigration

Reading

Kanji

移Move, Transfer 民People, Nation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '移民 (いみん)' refers to 'immigration', the act of moving to a foreign country to live there permanently. It can also refer to immigrants as a group. This term is often used in discussions about population movements, policies, and societal impacts. For example: Immigration has increased in recent years「近年、移民が増えている」(きんねん、いみんがふえている). The government is discussing new immigration policies「政府は新しい移民政策を議論している」(せいふはあたらしいいみんせいさくをぎろんしている). The word can also be used to describe the process or the people involved in moving to a new country.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3733

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Personality

Reading

Kanji

人Person 格Status

Explanation

The Japanese noun '人格 (じんかく)' refers to 'personality' or 'character'. It is used to describe the unique set of qualities, traits, and behaviors that define an individual. This term is often used in psychological, philosophical, or everyday contexts to discuss someone's moral or ethical nature. For example: He has a strong personality「彼は人格が強い」(かれはじんかくがつよい). Respecting others' personalities is important「他人の人格を尊重することが大切です」(たにんのじんかくをそんちょうすることがたいせつです). The word can also imply a sense of dignity or individuality, as in '人格を尊重する (じんかくをそんちょうする) (to respect someone's dignity).'

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3736

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Poor

Reading

Kanji

貧Poor

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '貧しい (まずしい)' means 'poor'. This adjective is used to describe a lack of material wealth or resources. It can refer to individuals, families, or even regions that are economically disadvantaged. For example: he is poor「彼は貧しい」(かれはまずしい). The village is poor「その村は貧しい」(そのむらはまずしい). Additionally, '貧しい' can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is lacking in quality or richness, such as '貧しい想像力 (まずしいそうぞうりょく) (poor imagination)'. This adjective is often used in contexts discussing social issues, economic conditions, or personal circumstances.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3765

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Burn

Reading

Kanji

燃Burn

Explanation

The Japanese verb '燃える (もえる)' means 'to burn'. It is used to describe the process of combustion, where something is consumed by fire. This verb can be used for both literal and metaphorical contexts. For example: the wood is burning「木が燃えている」(きがもえている). His passion for music burns brightly「彼の音楽への情熱が燃えている」(かれのおんがくへのじょうねつがもえている). Additionally, '燃える' can be used to describe intense emotions or desires, such as a burning ambition or a burning love.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3785

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Competition

Reading

Kanji

競Compete 技Skill

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '競技 (きょうぎ)' refers to a 'competition' or 'contest', typically in the context of sports, games, or other structured activities where participants compete against each other. It is often used to describe organized events such as athletic competitions, tournaments, or matches. For example: The swimming competition was exciting「水泳の競技は興奮した」(すいえいのきょうぎはこうふんした). They participated in a chess competition「彼らはチェスの競技に参加した」(かれらはチェスのきょうぎにさんかした). The word can also be used more broadly to describe any kind of competitive activity, not limited to physical sports.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3787

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Crowded

Reading

Kanji

混Mix 雑Miscellaneous

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '混雑 (こんざつ)' refers to a state of being crowded or congested. It is often used to describe places, situations, or conditions where there is a lot of activity or people, leading to a lack of space or order. For example: The station is crowded「駅が混雑している」(えきがこんざつしている). The road is congested due to the accident「事故で道路が混雑している」(じこでどうろがこんざつしている). This word is commonly used in contexts like public transportation, events, or traffic, and it conveys a sense of disorder or inconvenience caused by the crowding.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3788

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Provision

Reading

Kanji

支Branch, Support 給Supply, Salary

Explanation

The Japanese noun '支給 (しきゅう)' refers to the act of providing or supplying something, often in an official or formal capacity. It is commonly used in contexts such as salary payments, benefits, or allowances provided by an organization or government. For example: The company provides a transportation allowance「会社は交通費を支給する」(かいしゃはこうつうひをしきゅうする). The government provides subsidies to farmers「政府は農家に補助金を支給する」(せいふはのうかにほじょきんをしきゅうする). The word emphasizes the formal or systematic nature of the provision, distinguishing it from casual or informal giving.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3801

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ratio

Reading

Kanji

比Compare, Ratio

Explanation

The Japanese noun '比 (ひ)' means 'ratio'. It refers to the quantitative relation between two amounts showing the number of times one value contains or is contained within the other. This term is commonly used in mathematical, scientific, and comparative contexts. For example: the ratio of men to women is 2 to 1「男性と女性の比は2対1です」(だんせいとじょせいのひはにたいいちです). The ratio of sugar to flour is 1 to 3「砂糖と小麦粉の比は1対3です」(さとうとこむぎこのひはいちたいさんです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3810

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Grandfather

Reading

Kanji

祖Ancestor 父Father

Explanation

The Japanese noun '祖父 (そふ)' refers to one's paternal grandfather. It is a formal term used to denote the father of one's father. This word is commonly used in both spoken and written Japanese when referring to or addressing one's grandfather. For example: My grandfather is kind「私の祖父は優しい」(わたしのそふはやさしい). I visited my grandfather「祖父を訪ねた」(そふをたずねた). It's important to note that '祖父' specifically refers to the paternal grandfather, while '外祖父 (がいそふ)' is used for the maternal grandfather, though '祖父' can sometimes be used more generally in casual contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3815

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Justice

Reading

Kanji

正Correct 義Righteousness

Explanation

The Japanese noun '正義 (せいぎ)' means 'justice'. It refers to the concept of moral rightness based on ethics, law, fairness, and equity. This word is often used in contexts related to law, morality, and societal norms. For example: He fights for justice「彼は正義のために戦う」(かれはせいぎのためにたたかう). Justice is important in society「正義は社会において重要だ」(せいぎはしゃかいにおいてじゅうようだ). The term can also be used in philosophical or ethical discussions, emphasizing the importance of fairness and moral integrity.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3829

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Eternity

Reading

Kanji

永Eternity 遠Far

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '永遠 (えいえん)' means 'eternity' or 'perpetual'. It is used to describe something that lasts forever, without end. This word is often used in poetic or philosophical contexts to express timelessness or unending continuity. For example: Their love is eternal「彼らの愛は永遠だ」(かれらのあいはえいえんだ). The beauty of nature is eternal「自然の美しさは永遠だ」(しぜんのうつくしさはえいえんだ). It can also be used to describe abstract concepts like time, life, or emotions that are perceived as infinite.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3832

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Eternal

Reading

Kanji

永Eternity 久Long time

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '永久 (えいきゅう)' means 'eternal' or 'permanent'. It is used to describe something that lasts forever or has no end. This word is often used in contexts related to time, nature, or abstract concepts. For example: eternal love「永久の愛」(えいきゅうのあい). The beauty of this place is eternal「この場所の美しさは永久だ」(このばしょのうつくしさはえいきゅうだ). Note that '永久' is often used in formal or poetic contexts to emphasize the timeless nature of something.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3833

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

New

Reading

Kanji

新New 規Standard, Regulation

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '新規 (しんき)' means 'new' and is often used to describe something that is newly established, introduced, or started. It is commonly used in business contexts to refer to new customers, projects, or accounts. For example: We are looking for new customers「新規の顧客を探しています」(しんきのこきゃくをさがしています). This is a new project「これは新規のプロジェクトです」(これはしんきのぷろじぇくとです). The term emphasizes the freshness or novelty of the subject and is frequently used in formal or professional settings.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3839

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pleasant

Reading

Kanji

快Pleasant

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '快い (こころよい)' means 'pleasant'. It is used to describe something that is agreeable, enjoyable, or soothing to the mind or senses. This word often conveys a sense of comfort or satisfaction. For example: The breeze feels pleasant「風が快い」(かぜがこころよい). His words were pleasant to hear「彼の言葉は快かった」(かれのことばはこころよかった). It can also be used in more abstract contexts, such as describing a pleasant feeling or atmosphere. Note that this word is more formal and less commonly used in everyday conversation compared to simpler adjectives like '楽しい (たのしい)' (fun) or '気持ちいい (きもちいい)' (feels good).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3846

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rumor, Reputation

Reading

Kanji

評Evaluate 判Judge, Stamp

Explanation

The Japanese noun '評判 (ひょうばん)' can mean either 'reputation' or 'rumor', depending on the context. When referring to 'reputation', it describes the general opinion or esteem that people have about someone or something. For example: This restaurant has a good reputation「このレストランは評判がいい」(このレストランはひょうばんがいい). When referring to 'rumor', it describes information or stories that are spread informally, often without verification. For example: There is a rumor about him「彼についての評判がある」(かれについてのひょうばんがある). The word is commonly used in both formal and informal settings, and its meaning depends on the context in which it is used.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3864

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Resolution

Reading

Kanji

解Solve, Untie 消Extinguish

Explanation

The Japanese noun '解消 (かいしょう)' refers to the act of resolving, eliminating, or dissolving something, such as a problem, tension, or a condition. It is often used in contexts where an issue or situation is being cleared or settled. For example: The tension was resolved「緊張が解消された」(きんちょうがかいしょうされた). We need to resolve this problem「この問題を解消する必要がある」(このもんだいをかいしょうするひつようがある). The term can also be used in contexts like stress relief or dissolving a contract, emphasizing the idea of something being cleared or removed.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3874

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Official duty

Reading

Kanji

公Public 務Duty, Task

Explanation

The Japanese noun '公務 (こうむ)' refers to 'official duty' or 'public service'. It is commonly used to describe work or responsibilities carried out by government employees or public officials. This term emphasizes the formal and public nature of the duties. For example: He is busy with official duties「彼は公務で忙しい」(かれはこうむでいそがしい). Public officials must prioritize their official duties「公務員は公務を優先しなければならない」(こうむいんはこうむをゆうせんしなければならない). The word is often associated with roles in government, administration, or public institutions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3875

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Distribution

Reading

Kanji

分Minute, Part 布Cloth, Linen

Explanation

The Japanese noun '分布 (ぶんぷ)' means 'distribution'. This term is commonly used in contexts such as statistics, geography, biology, and other fields to describe how something is spread or arranged over an area or among a group. For example: the distribution of population「人口の分布」(じんこうのぶんぷ). The distribution of resources「資源の分布」(しげんのぶんぷ). It can also refer to the spread of data points in a statistical context, such as 'normal distribution'「正規分布」(せいきぶんぷ). The word is neutral and can be applied to both physical and abstract distributions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3876

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Observation

Reading

Kanji

観View 測Measure, Conjecture

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '観測 (かんそく)' means 'observation'. It refers to the act of observing or monitoring something, often in a scientific or systematic manner. This term is commonly used in contexts such as weather observation, astronomical observation, or data collection. For example: The observation of stars is fascinating「星の観測は魅力的です」(ほしのかんそくはみりょくてきです). They are conducting weather observations「彼らは気象観測を行っています」(かれらはきしょうかんそくをおこなっています). The term can also imply a careful or detailed examination of phenomena.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3878

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sanitary

Reading

Kanji

衛Protect, Defense 生Life 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '衛生的 (えいせいてき)' means 'sanitary' or 'hygienic'. It is used to describe conditions, environments, or practices that are clean and promote health. This word is often used in contexts related to cleanliness, health standards, or public hygiene. For example: This restaurant is very sanitary「このレストランはとても衛生的です」(このレストランはとてもえいせいてきです). It's important to maintain a sanitary environment「衛生的な環境を保つことが大切です」(えいせいてきなかんきょうをたもつことがたいせつです). The adjective can also describe objects or practices, such as '衛生的なトイレ (えいせいてきなトイレ)' (sanitary toilet).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3888

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Glasses

Reading

Kanji

眼Eyeball 鏡Mirror

Explanation

The Japanese noun '眼鏡 (めがね)' refers to 'glasses' or 'spectacles', which are worn to correct or protect vision. This term is commonly used in everyday conversation when referring to eyewear. For example: I need new glasses「新しい眼鏡が必要です」(あたらしいめがねがひつようです). He is wearing glasses「彼は眼鏡をかけています」(かれはめがねをかけています). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe someone's perspective or viewpoint, as in '彼は現実を眼鏡を通して見ている' (かれはげんじつをめがねをとおしてみている) - 'He sees reality through glasses', implying a filtered or biased view.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3909

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

History, Background

Reading

Kanji

経Manage, Elapse 歴Curriculum, Continuation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '経歴 (けいれき)' refers to a person's history or background, particularly in terms of their career, education, or personal experiences. It is often used when discussing someone's professional or academic journey. For example: His career history is impressive「彼の経歴は素晴らしい」(かれのけいれきはすばらしい). She has a diverse background「彼女は多様な経歴を持っている」(かのじょはたようなけいれきをもっている). This word is commonly used in formal contexts, such as job applications or introductions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3912

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Architecture

Reading

Kanji

建Build 築Build, Fabricate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '建築 (けんちく)' refers to the act of constructing buildings or the field of architecture. It encompasses the design, planning, and construction of structures. This term is often used in professional and academic contexts related to building design and construction. For example: He studies architecture「彼は建築を勉強しています」(かれはけんちくをべんきょうしています). This building is a masterpiece of modern architecture「この建物は現代建築の傑作です」(このたてものはげんだいけんちくのけっさくです). The word can also be used to describe the style or method of construction, as in 'traditional Japanese architecture' (伝統的な日本建築, でんとうてきなにほんけんちく).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3921

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Grandmother

Reading

Kanji

祖Ancestor 母Mother

Explanation

The Japanese noun '祖母 (そぼ)' refers to one's grandmother, specifically the mother of one's father or mother. It is a formal and respectful term used to refer to one's grandmother in various contexts. For example: My grandmother is kind「私の祖母は優しい」(わたしのそぼはやさしい). I visited my grandmother「祖母を訪ねた」(そぼをたずねた). The term is commonly used in both spoken and written Japanese, and it carries a sense of respect and affection. It is important to note that '祖母' is used specifically for one's own grandmother, and not for someone else's grandmother, for which the term 'おばあさん' might be more appropriate.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3924

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

New construction

Reading

Kanji

新New 築Build, Fabricate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '新築 (しんちく)' refers to the act of constructing a new building or the state of a building being newly constructed. It is commonly used in contexts related to real estate, housing, and architecture. For example: They are planning new construction「彼らは新築を計画しています」(かれらはしんちくをけいかくしています). This house is newly built「この家は新築です」(このいえはしんちくです). The term emphasizes the freshness and newness of the construction, often implying that the building has not been previously occupied or used.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3927

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Plan, Conception

Reading

Kanji

構Structure, Care 想Concept

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '構想 (こうそう)' refers to the act of conceiving or planning something, often in a creative or strategic context. It can describe the process of forming an idea or the blueprint for a project, story, or system. For example: The conception of this novel took years「この小説の構想には何年もかかりました」(このしょうせつのこうそうにはなんねんもかかりました). The plan for the new city was impressive「新しい都市の構想は印象的でした」(あたらしいとしのこうそうはいんしょうてきでした). This word is often used in contexts involving innovation, design, or strategy.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3928

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Quite, Fine

Reading

Kanji

結Tie, Bind 構Structure, Care

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '結構 (けっこう)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'fine' or 'sufficient', often used to express that something is acceptable or satisfactory. For example: This is fine「これで結構です」(これでけっこうです). The second meaning is 'quite' or 'fairly', used to indicate a moderate degree of something. For example: It's quite interesting「結構面白い」(けっこうおもしろい). The word can also be used politely to decline offers, as in 'No, thank you, I'm fine'「結構です」(けっこうです). The nuance of '結構' can vary depending on the context, so it's important to pay attention to the tone and situation in which it is used.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3929

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Installation

Reading

Kanji

設Set up, Establish 置Put

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '設置 (せっち)' means 'installation'. It refers to the act of setting up or installing something, such as equipment, facilities, or systems. This word is commonly used in contexts involving construction, technology, or infrastructure. For example: The installation of the new air conditioner was completed「新しいエアコンの設置が完了した」(あたらしいエアコンのせっちがかんりょうした). The company plans to install solar panels「会社はソーラーパネルの設置を計画している」(かいしゃはソーラーパネルのせっちをけいかくしている). Note that '設置' is often used in formal or technical settings.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3937

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Crossing

Reading

Kanji

横Sideways 断Decide, Cut off

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '横断 (おうだん)' means 'crossing'. It refers to the act of crossing something, such as a street, river, or area. It is often used in contexts involving movement from one side to another. For example: crossing the street「横断歩道を渡る」(おうだんほどうをわたる). The word can also be used in broader contexts, such as crossing a desert「砂漠を横断する」(さばくをおうだんする). It is important to note that '横断' is often used in compound words, such as '横断歩道 (おうだんほどう)' (crosswalk).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3945

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Recovery

Reading

Kanji

回Revolve, Times 復Restore

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '回復 (かいふく)' means 'recovery'. It refers to the process of returning to a normal state of health, mind, or strength after an illness, injury, or difficult situation. It can also be used in contexts such as economic recovery or the recovery of lost items. For example: The patient's recovery was quick「患者の回復は早かった」(かんじゃのかいふくははやかった). The economy is showing signs of recovery「経済は回復の兆しを見せている」(けいざいはかいふくのきざしをみせている).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3965

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Defense

Reading

Kanji

守Protect 備Equip, Provide

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '守備 (しゅび)' means 'defense'. It is commonly used in contexts related to sports, military, or general protection. In sports, it refers to the act of defending against an opponent's attack. For example: His defense is strong「彼の守備は強い」(かれのしゅびはつよい). The team needs to improve their defense「チームは守備を改善する必要がある」(チームはしゅびをかいぜんするひつようがある). In a broader sense, it can also refer to safeguarding or protecting something, such as in 'national defense' (国防, こくぼう).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3972

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Aspiration

Reading

Kanji

志Intention

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '志 (し)' is used to denote aspiration, ambition, or intention. It is often attached to nouns to form compound words that describe a person's goals or desires. For example: a person with a strong aspiration to become a doctor「医者志の学生」(いしゃしのがくせい). This suffix is commonly used in contexts related to career goals, personal ambitions, or specific intentions. It can also be seen in words like '学者志 (がくしゃし)', meaning 'aspiring scholar', or '作家志 (さっかし)', meaning 'aspiring writer'. Note that '志' can also be used as a standalone noun meaning 'will' or 'intention', but as a suffix, it specifically conveys the idea of aspiration or ambition.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3974

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Residence

Reading

Kanji

住Live 居Reside, Be

Explanation

The Japanese noun '住居 (じゅうきょ)' refers to a place where someone lives, such as a house, apartment, or dwelling. It is a formal term often used in legal, official, or technical contexts. For example: This is my residence「ここは私の住居です」(ここはわたしのじゅうきょです). The residence is located in the city center「その住居は市の中心にあります」(そのじゅうきょはしのちゅうしんにあります). Note that '住居' is more formal than everyday terms like '家 (いえ)' or '住まい (すまい).'

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3997

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Disaster

Reading

Kanji

災Calamity 害Harm

Explanation

The Japanese noun '災害 (さいがい)' refers to a 'disaster' or 'calamity'. It is commonly used to describe natural disasters such as earthquakes, typhoons, or floods, but can also refer to man-made disasters. The word carries a sense of large-scale damage or harm. Example sentences: The town was hit by a natural disaster「その町は自然災害に襲われた」(そのまちはしぜんさいがいにおそわれた). We must prepare for disasters「災害に備えなければならない」(さいがいにそなえなければならない). The word is often used in news reports, safety guidelines, and discussions about emergency preparedness.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4014

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Monthly

Reading

Kanji

月Moon, Month 刊Publish, Edition

Explanation

The Japanese noun '月刊 (げっかん)' refers to something that is published or occurs on a monthly basis. It is commonly used in the context of magazines, journals, or other periodicals. For example: This is a monthly magazine「これは月刊雑誌です」(これはげっかんざっしです). The company releases a monthly report「会社は月刊レポートを発行します」(かいしゃはげっかんレポートをはっこうします). The term emphasizes the regularity of the monthly schedule.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4017

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Publish

Reading

Kanji

出Exit 版Printing block, Edition

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '出版 (しゅっぱん)' means 'publish'. It refers to the act of producing and distributing written or printed material, such as books, magazines, or newspapers, for public consumption. This term is commonly used in contexts related to the publishing industry. For example: The book will be published next month「その本は来月出版されます」(そのほんはらいげつしゅっぱんされます). He works in publishing「彼は出版業界で働いています」(かれはしゅっぱんぎょうかいではたらいています). The nuance of '出版' emphasizes the formal process of making content available to the public, often through established channels like publishers or media companies.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4018

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Publisher

Reading

Kanji

出Exit 版Printing block, Edition 社Company

Explanation

The Japanese noun '出版社 (しゅっぱんしゃ)' refers to a 'publisher', specifically a company or organization that publishes books, magazines, or other written materials. It is commonly used in contexts related to the publishing industry. For example: This book was published by a famous publisher「この本は有名な出版社から出版されました」(このほんはゆうめいなしゅっぱんしゃからしゅっぱんされました). She works at a publishing company「彼女は出版社で働いています」(かのじょはしゅっぱんしゃではたらいています). The word is often used in professional or formal settings when discussing the production and distribution of written works.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4019

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lunchbox

Reading

Kanji

弁Valve, Dialect 当Hit, Appropriate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '弁当 (べんとう)' refers to a 'lunchbox' or a packed meal, typically consisting of rice, fish or meat, and vegetables, arranged neatly in a box. It is a common way to carry meals in Japan, often prepared at home or bought from convenience stores, supermarkets, or specialized bento shops. Bento boxes are popular for school lunches, work meals, and picnics. For example: I bought a bento at the station「駅で弁当を買いました」(えきでべんとうをかいました). Her bento is always colorful「彼女の弁当はいつもカラフルです」(かのじょのべんとうはいつもからふるです). Bento boxes are not only practical but also aesthetically pleasing, often reflecting the care and effort put into their preparation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4032

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Affiliation

Reading

Kanji

所Place 属Belong

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '所属 (しょぞく)' refers to the state of belonging to or being affiliated with a group, organization, or institution. It is commonly used in contexts such as workplaces, schools, clubs, or any formal group. For example: He has an affiliation with a famous university「彼は有名な大学に所属している」(かれはゆうめいなだいがくにしょぞくしている). She belongs to the marketing department「彼女はマーケティング部門に所属している」(かのじょはマーケティングぶもんにしょぞくしている). The word emphasizes the formal or official nature of the relationship between the individual and the group.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4046

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Foreign affairs

Reading

Kanji

外Outside 務Duty, Task 省Ministry, Conserve

Explanation

The Japanese noun '外務省 (がいむしょう)' refers to the 'Ministry of Foreign Affairs'. This is the government department responsible for handling Japan's international relations, diplomacy, and foreign policy. It is often used in formal or official contexts. For example: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced the new policy「外務省は新しい政策を発表した」(がいむしょうはあたらしいせいさくをはっぴょうした). He works at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs「彼は外務省で働いている」(かれはがいむしょうではたらいている). The term is specific to Japan's governmental structure and is not used to describe foreign affairs ministries in other countries.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4051

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Omission

Reading

Kanji

省Ministry, Conserve 略Abbreviation, Strategy

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '省略 (しょうりゃく)' means 'omission'. It refers to the act of leaving out or skipping over parts of something, such as words in a sentence, steps in a process, or details in a story. This term is often used in contexts where brevity or efficiency is desired. For example: Please omit the unnecessary details「不要な詳細は省略してください」(ふようなしさいはしょうりゃくしてください). The speaker omitted the introduction「スピーカーは導入部を省略した」(すぴーかーはどうにゅうぶをしょうりゃくした). It's important to note that '省略' can be used both in formal and informal contexts, and it often implies that the omitted parts are understood or can be inferred.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4052

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Deadline

Reading

Kanji

期Time, Period 限Limit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '期限 (きげん)' refers to a 'deadline' or 'time limit'. It is commonly used in contexts where a specific period or date is set for the completion of a task, submission of documents, or expiration of something. For example: The deadline for the report is tomorrow「レポートの期限は明日です」(レポートのきげんはあしたです). The expiration date of this product is next month「この商品の期限は来月です」(このしょうひんのきげんはらいげつです). This word is often used in formal or professional settings, such as work, school, or legal matters.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4059

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Prepare, Assume

Reading

Kanji

構Structure, Care

Explanation

The Japanese verb '構える (かまえる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to prepare' or 'to set up,' often used in contexts where someone is getting ready for something, such as preparing a stance or setting up equipment. For example: He prepared his camera「彼はカメラを構えた」(かれはカメラをかまえた). The second meaning is 'to assume' or 'to adopt,' often used when someone takes on a particular attitude or posture. For example: She assumed a defensive stance「彼女は防御の姿勢を構えた」(かのじょはぼうぎょのしせいをかまえた). This verb is versatile and can be used in both physical and metaphorical contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4061

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Order, Sequence

Reading

Kanji

順Order, Obey 序Beginning, Preface

Explanation

The Japanese noun '順序 (じゅんじょ)' refers to the arrangement or sequence of things, events, or steps. It emphasizes the logical or proper arrangement of elements. For example: Please follow the correct order「正しい順序に従ってください」(ただしいじゅんじょにしたがってください). The sequence of events is important「出来事の順序が重要です」(できごとのじゅんじょがじゅうようです). This word is often used in contexts like instructions, processes, or storytelling to describe the proper or logical flow of actions or events.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4067

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Imitation

Reading

Kanji

真Truth 似Resemble

Explanation

The Japanese noun '真似 (まね)' means 'imitation' or 'mimicry'. It refers to the act of copying or replicating someone's actions, behavior, or style. This word is often used in contexts where someone is mimicking another person, either for fun, learning, or mockery. For example: children often imitate adults「子供はよく大人の真似をする」(こどもはよくおとなのまねをする). He is good at imitating famous people「彼は有名人の真似が上手い」(かれはゆうめいじんのまねがうまい). The word can also be used in a negative sense, such as when someone is copying another's work or ideas without originality.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4069

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reverse, Opposite

Reading

Kanji

逆Reverse

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '逆 (ぎゃく)' primarily means 'reverse' or 'opposite'. It is used to describe something that is contrary to the expected or usual direction, order, or condition. This word can be applied in various contexts, such as physical directions, logical sequences, or even abstract concepts. For example: the reverse side of the paper「紙の逆」(かみのぎゃく). He did the opposite of what I told him「彼は私が言ったことの逆をした」(かれはわたしがいったことのぎゃくをした). It's important to note that '逆' can also be used in compound words to express reversal or opposition, such as '逆転 (ぎゃくてん)' meaning 'reversal' or 'turnaround'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4072

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Defy

Reading

Kanji

逆Reverse

Explanation

The Japanese verb '逆らう (さからう)' means 'to defy' or 'to go against'. It is used to describe an action that opposes or resists something, such as authority, rules, or expectations. This verb often carries a nuance of rebellion or disobedience. For example: he defied his parents' wishes「彼は親の希望に逆らった」(かれはおやのきぼうにさからった). It is dangerous to defy nature「自然に逆らうのは危険だ」(しぜんにさからうのはきけんだ). The verb can also be used in a more neutral sense, such as going against the flow or direction, but it typically implies some form of resistance.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4073

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Upside down

Reading

Kanji

逆Reverse

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '逆さ (さかさ)' means 'upside down'. It is used to describe something that is inverted or in a reversed position. This term can be applied to physical objects, situations, or even abstract concepts. For example: the picture is upside down「その絵は逆さだ」(そのえはさかさだ). He hung the flag upside down「彼は旗を逆さに掛けた」(かれははたをさかさにかけた). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe situations that are contrary to what is expected or normal.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4074

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Upside down

Reading

Kanji

逆Reverse

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '逆さま (さかさま)' means 'upside down'. It describes something that is in a position where the top is at the bottom and the bottom is at the top. This word is often used to describe physical objects, but it can also be used metaphorically to describe situations or states of being. For example: The picture is upside down「その絵は逆さまです」(そのえはさかさまです). He hung the map upside down「彼は地図を逆さまに掛けた」(かれはちずをさかさまにかけた). It's important to note that '逆さま' can also imply a sense of disorder or confusion, as in 'Everything is upside down in this house'「この家の中はすべて逆さまです」(このいえのなかはすべてさかさまです).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4075

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Technique

Reading

Kanji

技Skill

Explanation

The Japanese noun '技 (わざ)' refers to a 'technique' or 'skill'. It is commonly used to describe a specific method or way of doing something, often in contexts like martial arts, sports, or crafts. For example: His technique is amazing「彼の技はすごい」(かれのわざはすごい). I want to learn new techniques「新しい技を学びたい」(あたらしいわざをまなびたい). The word can also imply a level of mastery or artistry in performing the technique. It is often used in compound words, such as '必殺技 (ひっさつわざ)' (a special or finishing move).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4092

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Talent

Reading

Kanji

才Talent, Age 能Ability

Explanation

The Japanese noun '才能 (さいのう)' refers to a natural ability or talent that someone possesses. It is often used to describe innate skills or aptitudes in various fields such as arts, sports, or academics. For example: She has a talent for painting「彼女は絵を描く才能がある」(かのじょはえをかくさいのうがある). His talent in music is remarkable「彼の音楽の才能は素晴らしい」(かれのおんがくのさいのうはすばらしい). The word can also be used in a broader sense to describe potential or capability in a particular area.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4097

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Complaint

Reading

Kanji

苦Suffer 情Feeling, Emotion

Explanation

The Japanese noun '苦情 (くじょう)' means 'complaint'. It refers to an expression of dissatisfaction or grievance about something. This word is commonly used in formal or serious contexts, such as when someone voices a complaint about a service, product, or situation. For example: The customer filed a complaint「お客様が苦情を申し立てました」(おきゃくさまがくじょうをもうしたてました). There were many complaints about the noise「騒音について多くの苦情がありました」(そうおんについておおくのくじょうがありました). Note that '苦情' is often used in professional or official settings, and it carries a formal tone.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4109

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Keep

Reading

Kanji

預Deposit

Explanation

The Japanese verb '預かる (あずかる)' means 'to keep' or 'to take care of something temporarily on behalf of someone else'. It is often used when someone entrusts an item, responsibility, or even a person to another for safekeeping. For example: I will keep your luggage「あなたの荷物を預かります」(あなたのにもつをあずかります). She is taking care of my child today「彼女は今日私の子供を預かっています」(かのじょはきょうわたしのこどもをあずかっています). This verb emphasizes the temporary nature of the responsibility and the trust involved in the act of keeping something safe.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4120

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Overwork

Reading

Kanji

過Exceed, Error 労Labor

Explanation

The Japanese noun '過労 (かろう)' refers to the state of being overworked or suffering from excessive fatigue due to prolonged work. It is often used in contexts related to health, workplace stress, or labor issues. For example: He collapsed from overwork「彼は過労で倒れた」(かれはかろうでたおれた). Overwork can lead to serious health problems「過労は深刻な健康問題を引き起こすことがある」(かろうはしんこくなけんこうもんだいをひきおこすことがある). This term is commonly associated with discussions about work-life balance and the negative effects of excessive working hours.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4122

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Training, Asceticism

Reading

Kanji

修Discipline 行Go

Explanation

The Japanese noun '修行 (しゅぎょう)' primarily refers to rigorous training or discipline, often in the context of mastering a skill, art, or spiritual practice. It can also denote ascetic practices aimed at self-improvement or spiritual enlightenment. For example: He is undergoing rigorous training「彼は厳しい修行をしている」(かれはきびしいしゅぎょうをしている). Monks engage in ascetic practices「僧侶たちは修行に励んでいる」(そうりょたちはしゅぎょうにはげんでいる). This word is commonly used in both secular and religious contexts, emphasizing dedication and perseverance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4125

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Testimony

Reading

Kanji

証Evidence 言Say

Explanation

The Japanese noun '証言 (しょうげん)' refers to 'testimony' or a formal statement given under oath, typically in a legal context. It is used when someone provides evidence or recounts events they have witnessed. For example: The witness gave his testimony「証人が証言をした」(しょうにんがしょうげんをした). Her testimony was crucial to the case「彼女の証言は事件にとって重要だった」(かのじょのしょうげんはじけんにとってじゅうようだった). This word is commonly used in legal settings, such as courtrooms, but can also appear in everyday contexts when discussing someone's account of events.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4141

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tear

Reading

Kanji

破Break, Tear

Explanation

The Japanese verb '破る (やぶる)' primarily means 'to tear'. It is used when referring to the action of ripping or tearing something apart, such as paper or fabric. Additionally, it can be used metaphorically to describe breaking rules, promises, or records. For example: I tore the paper「紙を破った」(かみをやぶった). He broke the promise「彼は約束を破った」(かれはやくそくをやぶった). The athlete broke the world record「その選手は世界記録を破った」(そのせんしゅはせかいきろくをやぶった). This verb is versatile and can be used in both literal and figurative contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4143

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Heavy clothing

Reading

Kanji

厚Thick, Kind 着Arrive, Wear

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '厚着 (あつぎ)' refers to the act of wearing heavy or thick clothing, typically to keep warm in cold weather. It is often used to describe bundling up or layering clothes. For example: She is wearing heavy clothing to stay warm「彼女は厚着をして暖かくしている」(かのじょはあつぎをしてあたたかくしている). In winter, thick clothing is necessary「冬には厚着が必要だ」(ふゆにはあつぎがひつようだ). This term is commonly used in contexts related to cold weather preparation and comfort.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4146

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pressure

Reading

Kanji

気Spirit 圧Pressure

Explanation

The Japanese noun '気圧 (きあつ)' refers to 'atmospheric pressure' or 'air pressure'. It is commonly used in scientific contexts, weather forecasts, and discussions about the environment. For example: The atmospheric pressure is low today「今日は気圧が低い」(きょうはきあつがひくい). Changes in air pressure can affect your health「気圧の変化は健康に影響を与える」(きあつのへんかはけんこうにえいきょうをあたえる). This term is essential in meteorology and can also be used metaphorically to describe a tense or pressurized situation, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4147

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

High pressure

Reading

Kanji

高High, Expensive 気Spirit 圧Pressure

Explanation

The Japanese noun '高気圧 (こうきあつ)' refers to 'high atmospheric pressure'. It is commonly used in weather forecasts and discussions about meteorology. High-pressure systems are often associated with clear skies and stable weather conditions. For example: Today's weather is influenced by high pressure「今日の天気は高気圧に影響されています」(きょうのてんきはこうきあつにえいきょうされています). High pressure brings sunny weather「高気圧は晴れをもたらします」(こうきあつははれをもたらします). This term is essential for understanding weather patterns and forecasts in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4148

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Gratitude

Reading

Kanji

感Feeling, Sensation 謝Apologize

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '感謝 (かんしゃ)' means 'gratitude'. It refers to the feeling of being thankful or appreciative towards someone or something. This word is commonly used in expressions of thanks, such as '感謝します (かんしゃします)' which means 'I am grateful' or 'I appreciate it'. It can also be used in various contexts to express deep appreciation or acknowledgment of kindness, help, or support received. For example: I feel deep gratitude「深い感謝を感じます」(ふかいかんしゃをかんじます). We express our gratitude to you「あなたに感謝を表します」(あなたにかんしゃをひょうします). The word is often used in formal or heartfelt situations, emphasizing sincerity and respect.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4161

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tuition

Reading

Kanji

月Moon, Month 謝Apologize

Explanation

The Japanese noun '月謝 (げっしゃ)' refers to a monthly fee or payment, most commonly used in the context of tuition for lessons, classes, or training. It is often associated with extracurricular activities like music lessons, sports clubs, or language schools. For example: I pay monthly tuition for piano lessons「ピアノの月謝を払っています」(ぴあののげっしゃをはらっています). The monthly fee for the swimming club is expensive「スイミングクラブの月謝は高いです」(すいみんぐくらぶのげっしゃはたかいです). This term is specific to regular, recurring payments and is not used for one-time fees or general expenses.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4162

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Essential

Reading

Kanji

不Not 可Possible 欠Lack

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不可欠 (ふかけつ)' means 'essential' or 'indispensable'. It is used to describe something that is absolutely necessary or cannot be done without. This term is often used in formal or academic contexts to emphasize the importance of a particular element. For example: Sleep is essential for health「睡眠は健康に不可欠です」(すいみんはけんこうにふかけつです). Teamwork is indispensable for success「チームワークは成功に不可欠だ」(チームワークはせいこうにふかけつだ). Note that '不可欠' is often followed by particles like 'に' or 'な' to modify nouns, as in '不可欠な要素 (ふかけつなようそ) (essential element)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4163

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Enactment

Reading

Kanji

制System, Control 定Determine

Explanation

The Japanese noun '制定 (せいてい)' refers to the act of establishing, enacting, or formulating laws, rules, or systems. It is commonly used in legal, governmental, or organizational contexts to describe the creation of formal regulations or frameworks. For example: the enactment of a new law「新しい法律の制定」(あたらしいほうりつのせいてい). The company established new rules「会社は新しい規則を制定した」(かいしゃはあたらしいきそくをせいていした). This term emphasizes the formal and official nature of the process.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4171

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Guidance

Reading

Kanji

指Finger 導Lead, Guide

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '指導 (しどう)' means 'guidance' or 'instruction'. It refers to the act of teaching, directing, or leading someone, often in a formal or professional context. This word is commonly used in educational, coaching, or managerial settings. For example: The teacher provided guidance to the students「先生は生徒に指導をした」(せんせいはせいとにしどうをした). The coach's instruction improved the team's performance「コーチの指導でチームの成績が上がった」(コーチのしどうでチームのせいせきがあがった). It can also imply mentorship or leadership, as in '彼は新しい社員の指導を担当している (かれはあたらしいしゃいんのしどうをたんとうしている) (He is in charge of mentoring new employees).'

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4175

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Aim

Reading

Kanji

志Intention

Explanation

The Japanese verb '志す (こころざす)' means 'to aim' or 'to aspire'. It is used to express a strong intention or determination to achieve a specific goal or pursue a particular path. This verb often conveys a sense of purpose or ambition. For example: she aims to become a doctor「彼女は医者になることを志している」(かのじょはいしゃになることをこころざしている). He aspires to be a great writer「彼は偉大な作家になることを志している」(かれはいだいなさっかになることをこころざしている). The verb is typically used in formal or serious contexts, emphasizing a long-term commitment to a goal.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4183

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stretch

Reading

Kanji

張Spread, Stretch

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '張り (はり)' is often used to indicate a sense of stretch, tension, or extension. It can be attached to nouns to describe something that is stretched or taut, or to convey a feeling of tightness or firmness. For example: a tight rope「張りのあるロープ」(はりのあるロープ). This suffix can also be used metaphorically to describe emotional tension or enthusiasm. For example: full of enthusiasm「張り切っている」(はりきっている). It's important to note that '張り' is often used in compound words to modify the meaning of the base noun, adding a sense of tension or extension.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4194

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Elderly

Reading

Kanji

年Year 寄Draw near

Explanation

The Japanese noun '年寄り (としより)' refers to an elderly person or someone who is old. It is a respectful term used to describe senior citizens, often implying wisdom and experience. However, it can sometimes carry a slightly informal or colloquial tone depending on the context. For example: The elderly are respected in this town「この町では年寄りが尊敬されている」(このまちではとしよりがそんけいされている). My grandmother is an elderly woman「私の祖母は年寄りです」(わたしのそぼはとしよりです). The term is commonly used in discussions about aging, care for the elderly, or generational differences.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4199

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting