Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Kanji School Grade

word

Meaning

Accurate

Reading

Kanji

的Target 確Certain

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '的確 (てきかく)' means 'accurate' or 'precise'. It is used to describe something that is correct, appropriate, or exactly right in a given context. This word is often used to describe judgments, decisions, or actions that are well-suited to the situation. For example: His analysis was accurate「彼の分析は的確だった」(かれのぶんせきはてきかくだった). She gave a precise answer「彼女は的確な答えを出した」(かのじょはてきかくなこたえをだした). The word can also be used to describe someone's ability to make accurate assessments or decisions, as in '彼は的確な判断をする (かれはてきかくなはんだんをする) (He makes accurate judgments).'

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6918

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Abbreviate

Reading

Kanji

略Abbreviation, Strategy

Explanation

The Japanese verb '略す (りゃくす)' means 'to abbreviate' or 'to omit'. It is used when shortening words, phrases, or names for convenience or brevity. For example: I abbreviated the name「名前を略した」(なまえをりゃくした). This term is often used in formal or written contexts, such as in academic papers, business documents, or when referring to abbreviations like 'USA' or 'UN'. Another example: He omitted unnecessary details「彼は不要な詳細を略した」(かれはふようなしさいをりゃくした). Note that this verb can also imply simplifying or condensing information.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6936

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Abbreviation

Reading

Kanji

略Abbreviation, Strategy

Explanation

The Japanese noun '略 (りゃく)' refers to an abbreviation or a shortened form of something. It is commonly used in contexts where something is being summarized or condensed, such as in the names of organizations, titles, or technical terms. For example: This is an abbreviation of the company name「これは会社名の略です」(これはかいしゃめいのりゃくです). The abbreviation for 'United Nations' is 'UN'「国際連合の略はUNです」(こくさいれんごうのりゃくはUNです). It can also imply simplification or omission of details, as in: He explained it in a simplified way「彼はそれを略して説明した」(かれはそれをりゃくしてせつめいした).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6937

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Proportion

Reading

Kanji

比Compare, Ratio 例Example

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '比例 (ひれい)' means 'proportion'. It refers to a relationship between two quantities where they increase or decrease at the same rate. This term is often used in mathematical, scientific, or economic contexts to describe a proportional relationship. For example: The price is in proportion to the quality「値段は品質に比例する」(ねだんはひんしつにひれいする). The speed increases in proportion to the force applied「速度は加えられた力に比例して増加する」(そくどはくわえられたちからにひれいしてぞうかする). Note that '比例' can also function as a verb when combined with 'する', as in '比例する (ひれいする)', meaning 'to be proportional'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6941

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cotton

Reading

Kanji

綿Cotton

Explanation

The Japanese noun '綿 (めん)' refers to 'cotton', the soft, fluffy fiber that grows around the seeds of cotton plants. It is commonly used in textiles, clothing, and other materials. This word can also refer to cotton as a material or product, such as cotton balls or cotton fabric. Example sentences: This shirt is made of cotton「このシャツは綿でできています」(このシャツはめんでできています). I bought cotton for crafting「クラフト用に綿を買いました」(クラフトようにめんをかいました). Note that '綿' can also appear in compound words, such as '綿花 (めんか)' (cotton flower) or '綿布 (めんぷ)' (cotton cloth).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6952

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Extra

Reading

Kanji

余Excess 分Minute, Part

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '余分 (よぶん)' means 'extra' or 'surplus'. It is used to describe something that is in addition to what is necessary or expected. This word can be used in various contexts, such as referring to extra time, extra money, or extra ingredients. For example: I have extra time「余分な時間がある」(よぶんなじかんがある). Please take the extra money「余分なお金を持って行ってください」(よぶんなおかねをもっていってください). It's important to note that '余分' often carries a neutral or slightly negative connotation, implying that the extra amount might be unnecessary or excessive.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6960

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fire

Reading

Kanji

火Fire 災Calamity

Explanation

The Japanese noun '火災 (かさい)' refers to a 'fire', specifically a destructive fire such as a building fire or wildfire. It is used in contexts where a fire causes damage or is an emergency situation. For example: The fire was extinguished quickly「火災はすぐに消し止められた」(かさいはすぐにけしとめられた). There was a fire in the building「ビルで火災があった」(ビルでかさいがあった). This term is commonly used in news reports, safety instructions, and emergency situations to describe fires that require intervention.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6968

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Abundant

Reading

Kanji

豊Plentiful

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '豊か (ゆたか)' means 'abundant' or 'rich'. It is used to describe something that is plentiful, bountiful, or full of resources. This can refer to material wealth, natural resources, or even abstract qualities like emotions or experiences. For example: This region has abundant nature「この地域は自然が豊かだ」(このちいきはしぜんがゆたかだ). She has a rich imagination「彼女は想像力が豊かだ」(かのじょはそうぞうりょくがゆたかだ). The word can also imply a sense of richness in quality or depth, such as in '豊かな人生 (ゆたかなじんせい)' (a fulfilling life).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6974

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Property

Reading

Kanji

物Thing 件Matter, Affair

Explanation

The Japanese noun '物件 (ぶっけん)' refers to 'property' in the sense of real estate or a piece of real estate. It is commonly used when talking about buying, selling, or renting houses, apartments, or land. For example: I found a good property「良い物件を見つけた」(いいぶっけんをみつけた). This property is for sale「この物件は売り出し中です」(このぶっけんはうりだしちゅうです). The term is often used in real estate contexts and can refer to both residential and commercial properties.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6978

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Low pressure

Reading

Kanji

低Low 気Spirit 圧Pressure

Explanation

The Japanese noun '低気圧 (ていきあつ)' refers to a 'low-pressure system' in meteorology. It is commonly used to describe weather conditions associated with such systems, which often bring cloudy skies, rain, and sometimes storms. In a more figurative sense, it can also describe a tense or oppressive atmosphere in social or emotional contexts. For example: The low-pressure system is approaching「低気圧が近づいている」(ていきあつがちかづいている). The meeting had a low-pressure atmosphere「会議は低気圧な雰囲気だった」(かいぎはていきあつなふんいきだった).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6999

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Samurai

Reading

Kanji

武Military 家House

Explanation

The Japanese noun '武家 (ぶけ)' refers to the samurai class or warrior families in feudal Japan. It specifically denotes the social class of professional warriors who served the nobility and were bound by the code of bushido. The term is often used in historical contexts to describe the samurai's role, lifestyle, and influence in Japanese society. For example: The samurai were loyal to their lords「武家は主君に忠誠を誓った」(ぶけはしゅくんにちゅうせいをちかった). The culture of the warrior class was unique「武家の文化は独特だった」(ぶけのぶんかはどくとくだった).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7009

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Absence

Reading

Kanji

不Not 在Be, Exist

Explanation

The Japanese noun '不在 (ふざい)' means 'absence'. It refers to the state of someone or something not being present in a particular place or situation. This word is often used in contexts where someone is not at home, work, or an event. For example: His absence was noticed「彼の不在が目立った」(かれのふざいがめだった). The absence of evidence is not evidence of absence「証拠の不在は不在の証拠ではない」(しょうこのふざいはふざいのしょうこではない). It can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as the absence of emotion or thought.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7010

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Take

Reading

Kanji

講Lecture

Explanation

The Japanese verb '講ずる (こうずる)' means 'to take' or 'to implement' measures, actions, or steps. It is often used in formal or official contexts to describe the act of taking specific actions or measures to address a situation or problem. For example: The government will take measures to prevent the spread of the disease「政府は病気の拡散を防ぐために講ずる」(せいふはびょうきのかくさんをふせぐためにこうずる). The company took steps to improve employee satisfaction「会社は従業員の満足度を向上させるために講じた」(かいしゃはじゅうぎょういんのまんぞくどをこうじょうさせるためにこうじた). This verb is typically used in written or formal speech and is less common in casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7027

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mix

Reading

Kanji

混Mix

Explanation

The Japanese verb '混じる (まじる)' means 'to mix' or 'to be mixed'. It is used to describe when two or more things are combined or blended together, often implying that the components are still distinguishable. This verb can be used in both literal and figurative contexts. For example: oil and water do not mix「油と水は混じらない」(あぶらとみずはまじらない). There is a foreigner mixed in the crowd「外国人は群衆に混じっている」(がいこくじんはぐんしゅうにまじっている). Note that '混じる' often implies a sense of blending without losing individuality, unlike '混ぜる (まぜる)', which implies a more active mixing process.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7029

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Acting

Reading

Kanji

演Perform 技Skill

Explanation

The Japanese noun '演技 (えんぎ)' refers to the act of performing or portraying a role, typically in theater, film, or other performing arts. It can also be used more broadly to describe someone's behavior or actions that seem artificial or exaggerated, as if they are 'putting on an act.' For example: Her acting was amazing「彼女の演技は素晴らしかった」(かのじょのえんぎはすばらしかった). He is just pretending, it's all an act「彼はただの演技をしている」(かれはただのえんぎをしている). The word is commonly used in contexts related to drama, entertainment, or situations where someone's behavior is not genuine.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7034

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Status

Reading

Kanji

格Status

Explanation

The Japanese noun '格 (かく)' primarily refers to 'status' or 'rank'. It is often used to describe the position or standing of someone or something within a hierarchy or system. For example: his social status is high「彼の社会的な格は高い」(かれのしゃかいてきなかくはたかい). This word can also be used in contexts like grammar, where it refers to 'case' (e.g., nominative case, accusative case). For example: the nominative case in grammar「文法の主格」(ぶんぽうのしゅかく). However, the primary and most common usage is related to social or hierarchical status.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7037

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lord

Reading

Kanji

領Territory 主Master

Explanation

The Japanese noun '領主 (りょうしゅ)' refers to a feudal lord or landowner, typically in the context of historical Japan. This term is used to describe someone who owns and governs a territory or domain, often with significant authority over the people living there. It is commonly associated with the feudal system of Japan, where lords controlled large areas of land and had vassals under their command. Example sentences: The lord ruled his territory wisely「領主は領地を賢く治めた」(りょうしゅはりょうちをかしこくおさめた). The lord's castle was very large「領主の城はとても大きかった」(りょうしゅのしろはとてもおおきかった).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7042

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Schedule

Reading

Kanji

日Day, Sun 程Order, Extent

Explanation

The Japanese noun '日程 (にってい)' refers to a 'schedule' or 'itinerary'. It is commonly used to describe a planned sequence of events or activities, often in a formal or organized context. For example: the schedule for the meeting is set「会議の日程が決まった」(かいぎのにっていがきまった). Please check the itinerary for the trip「旅行の日程を確認してください」(りょこうのにっていをかくにんしてください). This word is often used in professional or planning contexts, such as business meetings, events, or travel arrangements.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7049

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Extent

Reading

Kanji

程Order, Extent

Explanation

The Japanese noun '程 (ほど)' refers to the degree, extent, or limit of something. It is often used to express the idea of 'to the extent that' or 'as much as.' For example: I was surprised to the extent that I couldn't speak「驚いて言葉が出ないほどだった」(おどろいてことばがでないほどだった). The heat was unbearable to the extent that I couldn't sleep「暑くて眠れないほどだった」(あつくてねむれないほどだった). It can also be used to indicate an approximate amount or time, as in 'about 30 minutes'「30分ほど」(さんじゅっぷんほど). This word is versatile and can be used in various contexts to describe the extent or degree of a situation or condition.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7050

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Semiconductor

Reading

Kanji

半Half 導Lead, Guide 体Body

Explanation

The Japanese noun '半導体 (はんどうたい)' refers to a 'semiconductor', a material with electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator. Semiconductors are fundamental components in modern electronics, used in devices like transistors, diodes, and integrated circuits. Example sentences: Semiconductors are essential for modern technology「半導体は現代技術に不可欠です」(はんどうたいはげんだいぎじゅつにふかけつです). This factory produces semiconductors「この工場は半導体を生産しています」(このこうじょうははんどうたいをせいさんしています). The term is often used in technical and industrial contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7053

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Comfortable

Reading

Kanji

快Pleasant 適Suitable

Explanation

The Japanese noun '快適 (かいてき)' means 'comfortable'. It is used to describe a state or condition that is pleasant, agreeable, and free from discomfort. This word can be applied to various contexts, such as describing a comfortable environment, a comfortable feeling, or a comfortable situation. For example: This chair is comfortable「この椅子は快適です」(このいすはかいてきです). I feel comfortable in this room「この部屋で快適に感じます」(このへやでかいてきにかんじます). The word '快適' often conveys a sense of ease and satisfaction, making it a common term in discussions about living conditions, travel, and personal well-being.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7055

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Independence

Reading

Kanji

独Alone 立Stand

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '独立 (どくりつ)' means 'independence'. It refers to the state or condition of being free from external control or influence, often used in contexts such as political independence, economic independence, or personal independence. For example: The country gained independence「その国は独立を勝ち取った」(そのくにはどくりつをかちとった). He lives in independence「彼は独立して生活している」(かれはどくりつしてせいかつしている). This term can also be used in business contexts to describe a company or entity operating independently, as in '独立した会社 (どくりつしたかいしゃ) (independent company)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7072

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unique

Reading

Kanji

独Alone 特Special

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '独特 (どくとく)' means 'unique'. It is used to describe something that has a distinctive or peculiar quality that sets it apart from others. This word often carries a positive connotation, emphasizing the special or one-of-a-kind nature of something. For example: This artist has a unique style「このアーティストは独特なスタイルを持っている」(このアーティストはどくとくなスタイルをもっている). The flavor of this dish is unique「この料理の味は独特だ」(このりょうりのあじはどくとくだ). The word can also be used to describe abstract concepts, such as ideas or atmospheres, that are not easily replicated.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7073

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Soliloquy

Reading

Kanji

独Alone 言Say

Explanation

The Japanese noun '独り言 (ひとりごと)' refers to the act of talking to oneself, often referred to as a soliloquy or monologue. This can occur when someone is thinking aloud, expressing their thoughts without expecting a response. It is commonly used in both casual and literary contexts. For example: He was muttering to himself「彼は独り言を言っていた」(かれはひとりごとをいっていた). She often talks to herself when she's alone「彼女は一人の時によく独り言を言う」(かのじょはひとりのときによくひとりごとをいう). The term can also imply a sense of loneliness or deep contemplation, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7074

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Donation

Reading

Kanji

寄Draw near 付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese noun '寄付 (きふ)' means 'donation'. It refers to the act of giving money, goods, or services to a person or organization in need, often for charitable purposes. This word is commonly used in contexts related to charity, fundraising, and community support. For example: I made a donation to the hospital「病院に寄付をしました」(びょういんにきふをしました). The school received a large donation「学校は大きな寄付を受け取りました」(がっこうはおおきなきふをうけとりました). It's important to note that '寄付' can also refer to the act of contributing to a cause or project, not just monetary donations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7077

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Legal affairs

Reading

Kanji

法Law, Method 務Duty, Task

Explanation

The Japanese noun '法務 (ほうむ)' refers to 'legal affairs' or matters related to the law. This term is often used in professional or formal contexts, such as within companies, government offices, or legal institutions. It encompasses activities like legal compliance, contract management, and other legal-related tasks. For example: He works in legal affairs「彼は法務に従事している」(かれはほうむにじゅうじしている). The company has a strong legal affairs department「その会社は強力な法務部を持っている」(そのかいしゃはきょうりょくなほうむぶをもっている). The term is commonly used in compound words like '法務部 (ほうむぶ)' (legal department) or '法務局 (ほうむきょく)' (legal affairs bureau).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7097

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Chief

Reading

Kanji

主Master 任Duty, Responsibility

Explanation

The Japanese noun '主任 (しゅにん)' refers to a person in charge or a chief of a section or department. It is commonly used in workplaces to denote someone who holds a supervisory or managerial position. For example: He is the chief of the sales department「彼は営業部の主任です」(かれはえいぎょうぶのしゅにんです). The chief will explain the new project「主任が新しいプロジェクトを説明します」(しゅにんがあたらしいぷろじぇくとをせつめいします). This term emphasizes responsibility and leadership within a specific area of work.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7132

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Protection

Reading

Kanji

保Preserve 護Protect, Defend

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '保護 (ほご)' means 'protection'. It refers to the act of protecting or safeguarding someone or something from harm, danger, or damage. This term is often used in contexts such as environmental protection, legal protection, or the protection of rights. For example: environmental protection is important「環境保護は大切です」(かんきょうほごはたいせつです). The law provides protection for workers「法律は労働者を保護します」(ほうりつはろうどうしゃをほごします). Note that '保護' is commonly used in formal or official contexts and can be paired with verbs like 'する' to form phrases like '保護する' (to protect).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7140

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Defense

Reading

Kanji

弁Valve, Dialect 護Protect, Defend

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '弁護 (べんご)' means 'defense' and is primarily used in legal contexts. It refers to the act of defending someone, particularly in a court of law, or advocating for their rights. This term is often associated with lawyers or legal professionals who provide defense in legal cases. For example: The lawyer provided a strong defense「弁護士は強力な弁護をした」(べんごしはきょうりょくなべんごをした). He is known for his defense of human rights「彼は人権の弁護で知られている」(かれはじんけんのべんごでしられている). Note that '弁護' is often used in compound words like '弁護士 (べんごし)' (lawyer) or '自己弁護 (じこべんご)' (self-defense).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7141

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Guardian

Reading

Kanji

保Preserve 護Protect, Defend 者Someone

Explanation

The Japanese noun '保護者 (ほごしゃ)' refers to a person who has the legal responsibility to care for and protect someone, typically a child or someone unable to care for themselves. This term is commonly used in educational or legal contexts to describe parents, legal guardians, or custodians. For example: The guardian attended the school meeting「保護者が学校の会議に出席した」(ほごしゃががっこうのかいぎにしゅっせきした). The guardian signed the permission slip「保護者が許可書に署名した」(ほごしゃがきょかしょにしょめいした). It is important to note that '保護者' is a formal term and is often used in official documents or settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7142

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Regular

Reading

Kanji

正Correct 規Standard, Regulation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '正規 (せいき)' means 'regular' or 'standard'. It is often used to describe something that follows official rules, standards, or norms. For example, it can refer to regular employees (as opposed to part-time or temporary workers) or standard procedures. Example sentences: He is a regular employee「彼は正規の社員です」(かれはせいきのしゃいんです). This is the standard procedure「これは正規の手順です」(これはせいきのてじゅんです). The word can also imply legitimacy or formality in certain contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7148

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Inspection

Reading

Kanji

点Point 検Examine

Explanation

The Japanese noun '点検 (てんけん)' means 'inspection'. It refers to the act of carefully examining something to ensure it is in proper condition or functioning correctly. This word is commonly used in contexts such as equipment maintenance, safety checks, or quality control. For example: We conducted an inspection of the machinery「機械の点検を行いました」(きかいのてんけんをおこないました). Regular inspection is necessary「定期的な点検が必要です」(ていきてきなてんけんがひつようです). The word emphasizes a thorough and systematic examination.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7149

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lawyer

Reading

Kanji

弁Valve, Dialect 護Protect, Defend 士Samurai

Explanation

The Japanese noun '弁護士 (べんごし)' refers to a 'lawyer' or 'attorney'. This term specifically denotes a legal professional who is qualified to represent clients in court, provide legal advice, and handle legal matters. In Japan, becoming a 弁護士 requires passing the national bar examination and completing legal training. Example sentences: I consulted a lawyer「弁護士に相談した」(べんごしにそうだんした). The lawyer defended the client「弁護士は依頼人を弁護した」(べんごしはいらいにんをべんごした). Note that 弁護士 is distinct from other legal professionals like 司法書士 (しほうしょし, judicial scrivener) or 行政書士 (ぎょうせいしょし, administrative scrivener).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7152

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Superstition

Reading

Kanji

迷Perplexed, Astray 信Trust

Explanation

The Japanese noun '迷信 (めいしん)' refers to 'superstition', which is a belief or practice resulting from ignorance, fear of the unknown, or trust in magic or chance. It is often used to describe irrational beliefs that are not based on scientific evidence. For example: Many people still believe in superstitions「多くの人がまだ迷信を信じている」(おおくのひとがまだめいしんをしんじている). Breaking a mirror brings bad luck, according to superstition「迷信によると、鏡を割ると不運が訪れる」(めいしんによると、かがみをわるとふうんがおとずれる). This word is commonly used in discussions about cultural practices, folklore, or irrational beliefs.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7156

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lost child

Reading

Kanji

迷Perplexed, Astray 子Child

Explanation

The Japanese noun '迷子 (まいご)' refers to a 'lost child'. It is commonly used to describe a child who has become separated from their parents or guardians in a public place. The term can also be used more broadly to describe someone who is lost or confused, though this usage is less common. Example sentences: The child got lost in the crowd「その子は人混みで迷子になった」(そのこはひとごみでまいごになった). I found a lost child at the station「駅で迷子を見つけた」(えきでまいごをみつけた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7157

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cultural asset

Reading

Kanji

文Sentence 化Change 財Wealth

Explanation

The Japanese noun '文化財 (ぶんかざい)' refers to 'cultural assets' or 'cultural properties'. These are items of significant cultural, historical, or artistic value that are preserved and protected by law. Examples include historical buildings, artworks, traditional crafts, and intangible cultural heritage like performing arts. For example: This temple is a designated cultural asset「この寺は文化財に指定されています」(このてらはぶんかざいにしていされています). The government protects cultural assets「政府は文化財を保護しています」(せいふはぶんかざいをほごしています). The term emphasizes the importance of preserving cultural heritage for future generations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7164

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Deposit

Reading

Kanji

預Deposit 金Gold

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '預金 (よきん)' refers to the act of depositing money into a bank or financial institution, or the money that has been deposited. It is commonly used in contexts related to banking and finance. For example: I made a deposit at the bank「銀行に預金をした」(ぎんこうによきんをした). The deposit earns interest「その預金は利息がつく」(そのよきんはりそくがつく). This term is often used in formal or financial contexts, and it can refer to both the action of depositing and the deposited funds themselves.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7166

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Loss

Reading

Kanji

損Loss, Damage

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '損 (そん)' means 'loss'. It refers to a disadvantage, harm, or negative outcome resulting from an action or situation. It is often used in contexts involving financial loss, missed opportunities, or general detriment. For example: I suffered a loss「損をした」(そんをした). It's a loss to miss this opportunity「この機会を逃すのは損だ」(このきかいをのがすのはそんだ). The word can also appear in compound terms like '損害 (そんがい)' (damage) or '損得 (そんとく)' (loss and gain).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7172

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lose

Reading

Kanji

損Loss, Damage

Explanation

The Japanese verb '損する (そんする)' means 'to lose' in the sense of suffering a loss, disadvantage, or missing out on an opportunity. It is often used in financial or situational contexts where someone experiences a setback or disadvantage. For example: I lost money on that deal「その取引で損した」(そのとりひきでそんした). You'll lose out if you don't act now「今行動しないと損するよ」(いまこうどうしないとそんするよ). This verb can also imply missing out on a benefit or opportunity, as in '損しないように早く決めてください (そんしないようにはやくきめてください) (Please decide quickly so you don't miss out).'

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7173

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Burn

Reading

Kanji

燃Burn

Explanation

The Japanese verb '燃やす (もやす)' means 'to burn'. It is used to describe the action of setting something on fire or causing it to combust. This verb can be used for both literal and metaphorical contexts. For example: He burned the old letters「彼は古い手紙を燃やした」(かれはふるいてがみをもやした). The athlete burned with determination「その選手は決意に燃えていた」(そのせんしゅはけついにもえていた). In metaphorical usage, it often conveys intense emotion or passion, such as burning with desire or ambition.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7174

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unclean, Filthy

Reading

Kanji

不Not 潔Immaculate

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不潔 (ふけつ)' primarily means 'unclean' or 'filthy'. It is used to describe something that is physically dirty, contaminated, or morally impure. This word can be applied to objects, environments, or even behaviors. For example: This place is unclean「この場所は不潔だ」(このばしょはふけつだ). His behavior is filthy「彼の行動は不潔だ」(かれのこうどうはふけつだ). The word can also carry a connotation of disgust or disapproval, making it stronger than simply saying 'dirty'. It is often used in contexts where hygiene or moral cleanliness is being emphasized.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7202

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Editing

Reading

Kanji

編Edit, Knit 集Gather

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '編集 (へんしゅう)' means 'editing'. It refers to the process of revising, correcting, or preparing written, visual, or audio material for publication or presentation. This term is commonly used in contexts such as book editing, video editing, or magazine editing. For example: I am editing a book「本を編集しています」(ほんをへんしゅうしています). She is good at video editing「彼女は動画編集が得意です」(かのじょはどうがへんしゅうがとくいです). The word can also be used in compound nouns, such as '編集者 (へんしゅうしゃ)' (editor) or '編集作業 (へんしゅうさぎょう)' (editing work).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7203

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Complex, Housing

Reading

Kanji

団Group, Association 地Ground

Explanation

The Japanese noun '団地 (だんち)' refers to a housing complex or residential area, typically consisting of multiple apartment buildings or houses built together. These complexes are often developed by public or private entities and are common in urban and suburban areas. For example: I live in a housing complex「私は団地に住んでいます」(わたしはだんちにすんでいます). The housing complex has a park「その団地には公園があります」(そのだんちにはこうえんがあります). The term can also imply a sense of community or shared facilities within the complex.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7210

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Enthusiastic

Reading

Kanji

張Spread, Stretch 切Cut

Explanation

The Japanese verb '張り切る (はりきる)' means to be enthusiastic, eager, or full of energy. It is often used to describe someone who is putting in extra effort or is highly motivated to achieve something. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as work, sports, or personal projects. For example: He is very enthusiastic about his new job「彼は新しい仕事に張り切っている」(かれはあたらしいしごとにはりきっている). She was so eager to start the project「彼女はそのプロジェクトを始めるのに張り切っていた」(かのじょはそのプロジェクトをはじめるのにはりきっていた). The nuance of '張り切る' often implies a visible display of energy or effort, sometimes to the point of overdoing it.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7240

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Crash

Reading

Kanji

暴Violent, Outburst 落Fall

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '暴落 (ぼうらく)' refers to a sudden and drastic drop or crash, particularly in financial contexts such as stock prices or market values. It conveys a sense of rapid and uncontrollable decline. For example: The stock market crashed「株価が暴落した」(かぶかがぼうらくした). The price of oil crashed「石油の価格が暴落した」(せきゆのかかくがぼうらくした). This term is often used in economic or financial discussions to describe significant and unexpected downturns.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7253

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Constantly

Reading

Kanji

絶Break off, Extinction

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '絶えず (たえず)' means 'constantly' or 'continuously'. It is used to describe actions or states that occur without interruption or pause. This word emphasizes the ongoing nature of an activity or condition. For example: He is constantly working「彼は絶えず働いている」(かれはたえずはたらいている). The river flows constantly「川は絶えず流れている」(かわはたえずながれている). It is often used in formal or written contexts to convey a sense of unceasing activity or persistence.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7255

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Defense

Reading

Kanji

防Prevent, Defend 衛Protect, Defense

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '防衛 (ぼうえい)' means 'defense'. It refers to the act of protecting or safeguarding something, often used in contexts like national defense, self-defense, or protecting against threats. For example: national defense is important「防衛は重要だ」(ぼうえいはじゅうようだ). They are strengthening their defense「彼らは防衛を強化している」(かれらはぼうえいをきょうかしている). This term is commonly used in military, legal, and personal safety contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7257

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Prevention

Reading

Kanji

防Prevent, Defend 止Stop

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '防止 (ぼうし)' means 'prevention'. It is used to describe the act of stopping something from happening or avoiding a negative outcome. This word is often used in contexts related to safety, security, and health. For example: crime prevention「犯罪防止」(はんざいぼうし). Accident prevention「事故防止」(じこぼうし). It is commonly paired with other nouns to form compound words that specify what is being prevented, such as '火災防止 (かさいぼうし) (fire prevention)' or '感染防止 (かんせんぼうし) (infection prevention)'. The word carries a formal tone and is frequently used in official or technical contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7258

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Prevention

Reading

Kanji

予Beforehand 防Prevent, Defend

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '予防 (よぼう)' means 'prevention'. It refers to actions or measures taken to avoid or reduce the risk of something undesirable, such as diseases, accidents, or problems. It is commonly used in contexts related to health, safety, and maintenance. For example: disease prevention「病気の予防」(びょうきのよぼう). Accident prevention is important「事故の予防は大切です」(じこのよぼうはたいせつです). This word is often paired with verbs like 'する' to form phrases like '予防する' (to prevent).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7259

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fire prevention

Reading

Kanji

防Prevent, Defend 火Fire

Explanation

The Japanese noun '防火 (ぼうか)' means 'fire prevention'. It refers to measures or actions taken to prevent fires. This term is commonly used in contexts related to safety, construction, and urban planning. For example: Fire prevention is important「防火は大切です」(ぼうかはたいせつです). They installed fire prevention equipment「彼らは防火設備を設置しました」(かれらはぼうかせつびをせっちしました). The term is often seen in signs and regulations, such as '防火区域 (ぼうかくいき)' which means 'fire prevention zone'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7261

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cohabitation

Reading

Kanji

同Same 居Reside, Be

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '同居 (どうきょ)' refers to the act of living together, typically in the same household. It is often used to describe situations where multiple people, such as family members, roommates, or partners, share a living space. This term can also imply a sense of coexistence or shared living arrangements. For example: My grandparents live with us「祖父母が同居している」(そふぼがどうきょしている). They decided to cohabitate after getting married「結婚後に同居することにした」(けっこんごにどうきょすることにした). The word can also be used in broader contexts, such as describing the coexistence of different species or ideas.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7310

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cemetery

Reading

Kanji

墓Grave 地Ground

Explanation

The Japanese noun '墓地 (ぼち)' refers to a 'cemetery' or 'graveyard', a place where the dead are buried. This word is used in contexts related to burial grounds, memorial sites, or places where graves are located. For example: The cemetery is quiet「墓地は静かです」(ぼちはしずかです). We visited the cemetery to pay our respects「私たちは墓地を訪れてお参りしました」(わたしたちはぼちをおとずれておまいりしました). The term is neutral and can be used in both formal and informal settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7321

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Grave visiting

Reading

Kanji

墓Grave 参Participate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '墓参り (はかまいり)' refers to the act of visiting a grave, typically to pay respects to deceased family members or ancestors. This practice is common during specific times of the year, such as Obon (a Buddhist festival honoring the spirits of ancestors) or on anniversaries of a loved one's death. For example: I went gravevisiting yesterday「昨日、墓参りに行きました」(きのう、はかまいりにいきました). We will visit the grave during Obon「お盆に墓参りをします」(おぼんにはかまいりをします). The term emphasizes the cultural and familial significance of honoring the deceased.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7322

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Prime Minister

Reading

Kanji

総General, Total 理Reason 大Big 臣Servant, Retainer

Explanation

The Japanese noun '総理大臣 (そうりだいじん)' means 'Prime Minister.' This term refers to the head of government in Japan, who is responsible for leading the cabinet and implementing national policies. The Prime Minister is appointed by the Emperor after being designated by the National Diet. Example usage: The meeting was attended by the Prime Minister 「その会議には総理大臣が出席した」 (そのかいぎにはそうりだいじんがしゅっせきした). The Prime Minister announced new policies 「総理大臣が新しい政策を発表した」 (そうりだいじんがあたらしいせいさくをはっぴょうした).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7374

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ancestor

Reading

Kanji

祖Ancestor 先Before, Previous

Explanation

The Japanese noun '祖先 (そせん)' refers to one's ancestors or forebears. It is commonly used to describe the lineage or family heritage of a person, group, or species. This word carries a respectful tone and is often used in historical, cultural, or genealogical contexts. For example: My ancestors came from Japan「私の祖先は日本から来ました」(わたしのそせんはにほんからきました). We should respect our ancestors「私たちは祖先を尊敬すべきです」(わたしたちはそせんをそんけいすべきです). The word can also be used in a broader sense to refer to the ancestors of humanity or other species, such as in scientific discussions about evolution.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7420

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

New years card

Reading

Kanji

年Year 賀Congratulate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '年賀 (ねんが)' refers to a 'New Year's card', a traditional custom in Japan where people send greeting cards to friends, family, and acquaintances to celebrate the New Year. These cards often feature auspicious symbols, greetings, and sometimes lottery numbers. Example sentences: I received a New Year's card「年賀をもらった」(ねんがをもらった). I will send a New Year's card「年賀を送ります」(ねんがをおくります). The tradition of sending 年賀状 (ねんがじょう) is deeply rooted in Japanese culture and is a way to maintain social connections.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7437

Composition

kanji

Handwriting