Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Kanji School Grade

word

Meaning

Hurt

Reading

Kanji

痛Pain

Explanation

The Japanese verb '痛む (いたむ)' means 'to hurt' or 'to feel pain'. It is used to describe physical pain, emotional pain, or even the deterioration of objects. For example: my head hurts「頭が痛む」(あたまがいたむ). Her heart ached when she heard the news「その知らせを聞いて、彼女の心が痛んだ」(そのしらせをきいて、かのじょのこころがいたんだ). The old book is deteriorating「古い本が痛んでいる」(ふるいほんがいたんでいる). This verb can be used for both animate and inanimate subjects, making it versatile in describing various types of pain or damage.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5018

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

General, Boss

Reading

Kanji

大Big 将Leader, Commander

Explanation

The Japanese noun '大将 (たいしょう)' has two primary meanings. First, it refers to a 'general' in a military context, denoting a high-ranking officer. Second, it is used colloquially to mean 'boss' or 'leader' in a group or team, often in a friendly or informal way. For example: The general led the army「大将が軍隊を率いた」(たいしょうがぐんたいをひきいた). He's the boss of our team「彼は私たちのチームの大将だ」(かれはわたしたちのチームのたいしょうだ). The term can also carry a sense of respect or endearment when used informally.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5041

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lung

Reading

Kanji

肺Lung

Explanation

The Japanese noun '肺 (はい)' refers to the organ known as the 'lung'. It is used in medical, biological, and everyday contexts to describe the respiratory organ in humans and animals. For example: His lungs are healthy「彼の肺は健康です」(かれのはいはけんこうです). Smoking damages the lungs「喫煙は肺を傷つける」(きつえんははいをきずつける). The word is also used in compound terms like '肺炎 (はいえん)' (pneumonia) or '肺がん (はいがん)' (lung cancer).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5042

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tragedy

Reading

Kanji

悲Sad 劇Drama

Explanation

The Japanese noun '悲劇 (ひげき)' means 'tragedy'. It refers to a serious and sorrowful event or situation, often involving suffering or misfortune. This word is commonly used in literature, drama, and everyday conversation to describe events that evoke deep sadness or despair. For example: The play was a tragedy「その劇は悲劇だった」(そのげきはひげきだった). The accident was a tragedy「その事故は悲劇だった」(そのじこはひげきだった). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe situations that are deeply unfortunate or regrettable.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5051

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Soak, Sting

Reading

Kanji

染Dye

Explanation

The Japanese verb '染みる (しみる)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to soak' or 'to permeate', often used to describe liquids or substances penetrating into something. For example: the rain soaked into the ground「雨が地面に染みた」(あめがじめんにしみた). The second meaning is 'to sting' or 'to smart', often used to describe a sharp, tingling sensation, such as from cold, heat, or emotional pain. For example: the cold wind stung my cheeks「冷たい風が頬に染みた」(つめたいかぜがほおにしみた). The verb can also be used metaphorically, such as when emotions 'soak in' deeply or when criticism 'stings'. Note that the context determines which meaning is intended.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5053

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Piece

Reading

Kanji

片Fragment, One sided

Explanation

The Japanese noun '片 (かた)' means 'piece' or 'fragment'. It is often used to refer to a part or portion of something that has been broken or divided. This word can also imply something incomplete or one-sided. For example: a piece of paper「紙の片」(かみのかた). He only heard one side of the story「彼は話の片方だけ聞いた」(かれははなしのかたほうだけきいた). The word can also be used in compounds, such as '片手 (かたて)' meaning 'one hand' or '片道 (かたみち)' meaning 'one way'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5058

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Few, Some

Reading

Kanji

若Young 干Dry

Explanation

The Japanese noun '若干 (じゃっかん)' means 'some' or 'a few'. It is used to indicate a small or indefinite quantity of something. This word is often used in formal or written contexts to describe a modest amount or degree. For example: There are some problems「若干の問題がある」(じゃっかんのもんだいがある). A few people attended the meeting「若干の人が会議に出席した」(じゃっかんのひとがかいぎにしゅっせきした). Note that '若干' is more formal than alternatives like '少し (すこし)' or 'いくつか', and it is commonly used in reports, documents, or speeches.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5066

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tree

Reading

Kanji

樹Tree, Wood

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '樹 (じゅ)' means 'tree'. It is commonly used as a suffix in compound words to denote something related to trees or tree-like structures. For example: oak tree「樫の樹」(かしのじゅ). This suffix is often used in botanical or scientific contexts to specify types of trees. Another example: cherry tree「桜の樹」(さくらのじゅ). It is important to note that '樹 (じゅ)' is typically used in more formal or literary contexts, whereas '木 (き)' is more commonly used in everyday language to refer to trees.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5121

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Prince

Reading

Kanji

皇Emperor 子Child

Explanation

The Japanese noun '皇子 (おうじ)' refers to a 'prince', specifically the son of an emperor or a king. This term is used in the context of royalty and is often seen in historical or formal settings. It carries a sense of nobility and high status. For example: The prince is very kind「皇子はとても親切です」(おうじはとてもしんせつです). The prince visited the village「皇子は村を訪れました」(おうじはむらをおとずれました). It's important to note that '皇子' is a more formal term compared to '王子 (おうじ)', which can also mean 'prince' but is used more broadly for any prince, not necessarily the son of an emperor.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5141

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

One hand

Reading

Kanji

片Fragment, One sided 手Hand

Explanation

The Japanese noun '片手 (かたて)' literally means 'one hand'. It is used to refer to a single hand, often in contrast to using both hands. This term can be used in various contexts, such as when describing actions performed with one hand, or when emphasizing the use of a single hand. For example: He carried the bag with one hand「彼は片手でバッグを持った」(かれはかたてでばっぐをもった). She can write with one hand「彼女は片手で書ける」(かのじょはかたてでかける). The word can also be used metaphorically to imply doing something with ease or minimal effort, as in '片手間 (かたてま)' which means 'spare time' or 'doing something on the side'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5142

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Close

Reading

Kanji

閉Close, Shut

Explanation

The Japanese verb '閉める (しめる)' means 'to close'. It is used when referring to the action of closing something, such as a door, window, or container. This verb is transitive, meaning it requires a direct object to complete its meaning. For example: Please close the door「ドアを閉めてください」(ドアをしめてください). She closed the window「彼女は窓を閉めた」(かのじょはまどをしめた). It is important to note that '閉める' is often used for physical objects that can be opened and closed, and it implies a deliberate action to shut something.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5187

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cancellation

Reading

Kanji

解Solve, Untie 除Exclude, Remove

Explanation

The Japanese noun '解除 (かいじょ)' refers to the act of canceling, revoking, or releasing something, such as a contract, restriction, or state of being. It is commonly used in formal or technical contexts. For example: cancellation of the contract「契約の解除」(けいやくのかいじょ). The state of emergency has been lifted「緊急事態が解除された」(きんきゅうじたいがかいじょされた). It can also refer to the removal of a lock or restriction, as in '解除コード (かいじょコード) (unlock code)'. This word is often used in legal, technical, or administrative settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5189

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Milk

Reading

Kanji

牛Cow 乳Breasts, Milk

Explanation

The Japanese noun '牛乳 (ぎゅうにゅう)' refers specifically to cow's milk. It is commonly used in everyday contexts, such as when buying milk at the store or drinking it. For example: I drink milk every morning「毎朝牛乳を飲みます」(まいあさぎゅうにゅうをのみます). This milk is delicious「この牛乳は美味しいです」(このぎゅうにゅうはおいしいです). It is important to note that '牛乳' specifically refers to cow's milk and not other types of milk, such as soy milk or almond milk, which have different names in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5197

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Signature

Reading

Kanji

署Government office 名Name

Explanation

The Japanese noun '署名 (しょめい)' refers to a 'signature'. It is commonly used in formal contexts, such as signing contracts, documents, or petitions. For example: Please put your signature here「ここに署名してください」(ここにしょめいしてください). The document requires your signature「その書類には署名が必要です」(そのしょるいにはしょめいがひつようです). The word can also be used in legal or official contexts, such as '署名運動 (しょめいうんどう)', which refers to a signature campaign or petition drive.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5215

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Critique, Commentary

Reading

Kanji

評Evaluate 論Theory, Argument

Explanation

The Japanese noun '評論 (ひょうろん)' refers to a critical analysis or commentary on a subject, often used in the context of literature, art, politics, or social issues. It implies a detailed and thoughtful examination, often with an evaluative or analytical perspective. For example: His critique of the novel was insightful「彼の小説の評論は洞察に富んでいた」(かれのしょうせつのひょうろんはどうさつにとんでいた). The professor's commentary on the political situation was widely read「教授の政治状況に関する評論は広く読まれた」(きょうじゅのせいじじょうきょうにかんするひょうろんはひろくよまれた). This word is often used in formal or academic contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5234

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Warm

Reading

Kanji

暖Warm

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '暖かい (あたたかい)' means 'warm'. It is used to describe a moderate or comfortable level of heat, often in relation to weather, objects, or feelings. For example: The weather is warm today「今日は暖かい」(きょうはあたたかい). This blanket is warm「この毛布は暖かい」(このもうふはあたたかい). It can also describe a warm-hearted or kind feeling, as in: She has a warm heart「彼女は心が暖かい」(かのじょはこころがあたたかい). The adjective is commonly used in everyday conversation to describe physical warmth or emotional warmth.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5246

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hurt

Reading

Kanji

傷Wound, Injury 付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese verb '傷付く (きずつく)' means 'to get hurt' or 'to be injured'. This verb can refer to both physical injuries and emotional pain. It is often used to describe situations where someone's feelings are hurt or when someone sustains a physical wound. For example: She was hurt by his words「彼女は彼の言葉で傷付いた」(かのじょはかれのことばできずついた). The child got hurt while playing「子供は遊んでいて傷付いた」(こどもはあそんでいてきずついた). The verb can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as when one's pride or reputation is damaged.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5249

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Later years

Reading

Kanji

晩Evening, Nightfall 年Year

Explanation

The Japanese noun '晩年 (ばんねん)' refers to the later years of someone's life, often implying the period of old age or the final stage of life. It is commonly used to describe the time when someone is retired or reflecting on their life. For example: He spent his later years in peace「彼は晩年を平和に過ごした」(かれはばんねんをへいわにすごした). The artist created his best works in his later years「その芸術家は晩年に最高の作品を作った」(そのげいじゅつかはばんねんにさいこうのさくひんをつくった). This term carries a nuanced sense of reflection and often implies a period of life marked by wisdom or culmination of experiences.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5251

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mistake

Reading

Kanji

誤Mistake

Explanation

The Japanese verb '誤る (あやまる)' means 'to make a mistake' or 'to err'. It is used when someone commits an error or does something incorrectly. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as making a wrong decision, misunderstanding something, or failing in an attempt. For example: I made a mistake in my calculations「計算を誤った」(けいさんをあやまった). He erred in his judgment「彼は判断を誤った」(かれははんだんをあやまった). Note that '誤る' is often used in formal or serious contexts, and it implies a sense of responsibility for the mistake.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5275

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Settle, Tidy

Reading

Kanji

片Fragment, One sided 付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese verb '片付ける (かたづける)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'to tidy' or 'to put things in order,' often used in the context of cleaning or organizing a space. For example: I will tidy my room「部屋を片付けます」(へやをかたづけます). The second meaning is 'to settle' or 'to resolve,' often used in the context of dealing with tasks, problems, or obligations. For example: I need to settle this matter「この問題を片付けなければならない」(このもんだいをかたづけなければならない). The verb is versatile and commonly used in daily life, emphasizing the completion or organization of something.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5277

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Field of view

Reading

Kanji

視See, Look 野Field

Explanation

The Japanese noun '視野 (しや)' means 'field of view'. It refers to the area that is visible to the eye or can be seen from a particular point. It can also be used metaphorically to refer to the scope or range of one's understanding, awareness, or consideration. Example: He has a broad field of view 「彼は視野が広い」 (かれはしやがひろい). We need to expand our field of view 「私たちは視野を広げる必要がある」 (わたしたちはしやをひろげるひつようがある). This word is often used in discussions about vision, perspective, or strategic thinking.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5282

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Closing

Reading

Kanji

閉Close, Shut 会Meet

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '閉会 (へいかい)' refers to the act of closing or concluding an event, meeting, or ceremony. It is commonly used in formal contexts, such as conferences, assemblies, or official gatherings. For example: The chairman announced the closing of the meeting「議長が閉会を宣言した」(ぎちょうがへいかいをせんげんした). The conference will close at 5 PM「会議は午後5時に閉会します」(かいぎはごご5じにへいかいします). Note that '閉会' is often paired with verbs like 'する' to indicate the action of closing, as in '閉会する' (to close).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5290

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Settlement

Reading

Kanji

決Decide 済Finish, Settle

Explanation

The Japanese noun '決済 (けっさい)' refers to the act of settling or finalizing a financial transaction. It is commonly used in contexts involving payments, transactions, or clearing debts. For example: The payment was settled「決済が完了しました」(けっさいがかんりょうしました). We need to settle the bill「請求書を決済する必要があります」(せいきゅうしょをけっさいするひつようがあります). This term is often used in business, banking, and e-commerce contexts to indicate the completion of a financial obligation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5293

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Length

Reading

Kanji

尺Foot

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '尺 (しゃく)' refers to a traditional unit of length, approximately equivalent to 30.3 centimeters. It is derived from the Chinese 'chi' and was historically used in Japan for measuring cloth, paper, and other materials. While it is less commonly used in modern times, it may still appear in traditional contexts or specific industries. For example: this cloth is two shaku long「この布は二尺です」(このぬのはにしゃくです). The room is ten shaku wide「この部屋は十尺の広さです」(このへやはじゅっしゃくのひろさです). Note that '尺' can also appear in compound words, such as '巻尺 (まきじゃく)' (measuring tape).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5357

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Area

Reading

Kanji

域Area, Limits

Explanation

The Japanese noun '域 (いき)' refers to a specific area, region, or domain. It is often used to describe a bounded or defined space, whether physical (like a geographical area) or abstract (like a field of expertise). For example: This is a restricted area「ここは立入禁止の域です」(ここはたちいりきんしのいきです). His knowledge is within the domain of science「彼の知識は科学の域にある」(かれのちしきはかがくのいきにある). The word can also imply a level or degree, as in reaching a certain standard or limit.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5386

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Privilege

Reading

Kanji

特Special 権Rights, Authority

Explanation

The Japanese noun '特権 (とっけん)' means 'privilege'. It refers to a special right, advantage, or immunity granted or available only to a particular person or group. This word is often used in contexts involving social, legal, or professional advantages. For example: He has the privilege of early access「彼は早期アクセスの特権を持っている」(かれはそうきアクセスのとっけんをもっている). The company grants special privileges to its executives「その会社は幹部に特別な特権を与える」(そのかいしゃはかんぶにとくべつなとっけんをあたえる). Note that this word carries a formal tone and is commonly used in discussions about rights, authority, or exclusive benefits.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5391

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Work

Reading

Kanji

著Renowned, Author

Explanation

The Japanese noun '著 (ちょ)' refers to a written work, such as a book, essay, or publication. It is often used in formal contexts to denote the authorship or creation of a literary piece. For example: This is his latest work「これは彼の最新の著です」(これはかれのさいしんのちょです). The author's works are widely read「その作家の著は広く読まれている」(そのさっかのちょはひろくよまれている). Note that '著' is typically used in compound words or formal settings, such as '著作 (ちょさく)' meaning 'literary work' or '著者 (ちょしゃ)' meaning 'author'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5417

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Measure

Reading

Kanji

処Deal with 置Put

Explanation

The Japanese noun '処置 (しょち)' means 'measure' or 'action taken to deal with a situation'. It is often used in contexts where a problem or issue needs to be addressed, such as in medical, technical, or administrative settings. For example: The doctor took immediate measures「医師はすぐに処置をした」(いしはすぐにしょちをした). We need to take measures to prevent accidents「事故を防ぐための処置が必要だ」(じこをふせぐためのしょちがひつようだ). This word can also imply a sense of urgency or necessity in addressing the situation at hand.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5428

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Establishment

Reading

Kanji

創Create 設Set up, Establish

Explanation

The Japanese noun '創設 (そうせつ)' means 'establishment'. It refers to the act of founding or creating something, such as an organization, institution, or system. This word is often used in formal contexts to describe the inception of significant entities. For example: the establishment of a new university「新しい大学の創設」(あたらしいだいがくのそうせつ). The company celebrated its 50th anniversary since its establishment「会社は創設から50周年を祝った」(かいしゃはそうせつからごじゅっしゅうねんをいわった). Note that '創設' emphasizes the initial act of creation or founding, rather than the ongoing existence of the entity.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5440

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vertical

Reading

Kanji

縦Vertical

Explanation

The Japanese noun '縦 (たて)' means 'vertical'. It is used to describe something that is oriented in an up-and-down direction, as opposed to horizontal. This word is commonly used in contexts involving directions, measurements, or orientations. For example: draw a vertical line「縦の線を描く」(たてのせんをかく). The vertical axis is important in this graph「このグラフでは縦軸が重要です」(このグラフではたてじくがじゅうようです). Additionally, '縦' can sometimes be used metaphorically to describe hierarchical relationships or structures, such as in organizations or systems.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5441

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Betray

Reading

Kanji

裏Inside, Rear 切Cut

Explanation

The Japanese verb '裏切る (うらぎる)' means 'to betray'. It is used to describe the act of breaking trust or loyalty, often in a significant or hurtful way. This verb can be applied to various contexts, such as personal relationships, organizations, or even ideals. For example: he betrayed his friend「彼は友達を裏切った」(かれはともだちをうらぎった). She felt betrayed by her colleague「彼女は同僚に裏切られたと感じた」(かのじょはどうりょうにうらぎられたとかんじた). The word carries a strong emotional weight and is often used in serious or dramatic situations.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5456

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Closing

Reading

Kanji

閉Close, Shut 店Shop

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '閉店 (へいてん)' refers to the act of closing a store or business for the day. It is commonly used in contexts related to retail, restaurants, or any establishment that operates on a daily schedule. For example: The store is closing now「店はもう閉店です」(みせはもうへいてんです). What time does the shop close?「お店は何時に閉店しますか？」(おみせはなんじにへいてんしますか？). It can also be used to indicate permanent closure, as in 'The shop closed permanently last month'「その店は先月閉店しました」(そのみせはせんげつへいてんしました). Note that '閉店' is often paired with '開店 (かいてん)', which means 'opening'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5463

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Area

Reading

Kanji

区District 域Area, Limits

Explanation

The Japanese noun '区域 (くいき)' refers to a specific area or zone, often with defined boundaries. It is commonly used in contexts such as administrative districts, restricted zones, or designated areas. For example: This is a no-parking area「ここは駐車禁止区域です」(ここはちゅうしゃきんしくいきです). The evacuation area is marked on the map「避難区域は地図に記されています」(ひなんくいきはちずにしるされています). The word emphasizes the idea of a clearly demarcated space, whether physical or conceptual.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5468

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Step

Reading

Kanji

段Step, Stairs

Explanation

The Japanese noun '段 (だん)' primarily means 'step' or 'stair'. It refers to a single level in a staircase or a stage in a process. This word is commonly used in contexts involving physical steps or metaphorical stages. For example: Please be careful on the steps「段に気をつけてください」(だんにきをつけてください). We are now at the final stage of the project「プロジェクトの最終段階です」(プロジェクトのさいしゅうだんかいです). Additionally, '段' can also refer to a rank or level in a hierarchy, though this usage is less common. For example: He has reached a high rank in the company「彼は会社で高い段に達しました」(かれはかいしゃでたかいだんにたっしました).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5472

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Price increase

Reading

Kanji

値Value, Price 上Up

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '値上がり (ねあがり)' refers to an increase in price or a rise in cost. It is commonly used in economic, financial, or everyday contexts to describe situations where the price of goods, services, or commodities goes up. For example: The price of gasoline has increased「ガソリンの値上がりが続いている」(ガソリンのねあがりがつづいている). Due to the shortage, prices are rising「不足のため値上がりが起こっている」(ふそくのためねあがりがおこっている). This term is neutral and does not imply whether the increase is good or bad, but it often carries a connotation of concern or impact on consumers.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5473

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Price hike

Reading

Kanji

値Value, Price 上Up

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '値上げ (ねあげ)' refers to an increase in price or a price hike. It is commonly used in contexts related to economics, business, and everyday shopping. For example: The company announced a price hike「会社は値上げを発表した」(かいしゃはねあげをはっぴょうした). Due to inflation, prices have gone up「インフレのため、値上げが行われた」(インフレのため、ねあげがおこなわれた). This term is often used in news reports, business discussions, and consumer complaints about rising costs.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5474

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Decrease

Reading

Kanji

値Value, Price 下Down

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '値下がり (ねさがり)' refers to a decrease or drop in value, price, or worth. It is commonly used in economic, financial, or market contexts to describe a decline in the price of goods, stocks, or other assets. For example: The price of the stock decreased「株価が値下がりした」(かぶかがねさがりした). The value of the yen decreased「円が値下がりした」(えんがねさがりした). This term is often used in news reports or discussions about market trends.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5475

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Price reduction

Reading

Kanji

値Value, Price 下Down

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '値下げ (ねさげ)' refers to the act of reducing the price of something. It is commonly used in retail, business, and economic contexts to describe discounts, markdowns, or price cuts. For example: The store announced a price reduction「店が値下げを発表した」(みせがねさげをはっぴょうした). We need to reduce the price of this product「この商品の値下げが必要だ」(このしょうひんのねさげがひつようだ). The term is often used in advertisements or discussions about pricing strategies.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5481

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lyrics

Reading

Kanji

歌Song 詞Poetry, Words

Explanation

The Japanese noun '歌詞 (かし)' refers to the 'lyrics' of a song. It specifically denotes the words or text that make up a song, as opposed to the melody or music. This word is commonly used in contexts related to music, singing, or songwriting. For example: I wrote the lyrics for this song「この歌の歌詞を書きました」(このうたのかしをかきました). The lyrics of this song are beautiful「この歌の歌詞は美しい」(このうたのかしはうつくしい). It is important to note that '歌詞' is always used in the context of songs and not for other types of written or spoken words.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5502

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Year end party

Reading

Kanji

忘Forget 年Year 会Meet

Explanation

The Japanese noun '忘年会 (ぼうねんかい)' refers to a 'year-end party'. This is a traditional event held in Japan at the end of the year, typically in December, where colleagues, friends, or groups gather to celebrate the passing year and forget the hardships or troubles of the past year. The word itself combines '忘年' (forgetting the year) and '会' (gathering/party). These parties often involve food, drinks, and sometimes karaoke. Example sentences: Let's have a year-end party「忘年会をしましょう」(ぼうねんかいをしましょう). The company's year-end party was fun「会社の忘年会は楽しかった」(かいしゃのぼうねんかいはたのしかった).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5515

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Forget

Reading

Kanji

度Degrees, Times 忘Forget

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '度忘れ (どわすれ)' refers to the act of temporarily forgetting something, often something that one usually knows well. It implies a momentary lapse in memory rather than a permanent forgetfulness. This term is commonly used in everyday conversation to describe situations where someone can't recall a word, name, or fact they are familiar with. For example: I forgot the word for a moment「その言葉を度忘れした」(そのことばをどわすれした). He forgot his friend's name「彼は友達の名前を度忘れした」(かれはともだちのなまえをどわすれした). The nuance here is that the memory is expected to return soon, as it is a temporary forgetfulness.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5516

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Majesty

Reading

Kanji

陛Majesty 下Down

Explanation

The Japanese noun '陛下 (へいか)' is a term of respect used to refer to a reigning emperor or empress. It is a formal and honorific title, often used in official or ceremonial contexts. For example: His Majesty the Emperor「天皇陛下」(てんのうへいか). Her Majesty the Empress「皇后陛下」(こうごうへいか). The term is always used with the utmost respect and is not used in casual conversation. It is important to note that '陛下' is not used to refer to oneself or to address someone directly; it is used when speaking about the emperor or empress in the third person.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5546

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Temporary

Reading

Kanji

臨Face, Confront 時Time, Hour

Explanation

The Japanese noun '臨時 (りんじ)' means 'temporary' and is often used to describe something that is not permanent or is arranged for a specific, short-term purpose. It is commonly used in contexts like temporary jobs, events, or measures. For example: They hired temporary staff「彼らは臨時のスタッフを雇った」(かれらはりんじのスタッフをやとう). A temporary meeting was held「臨時の会議が開かれた」(りんじのかいぎがひらかれた). This word is frequently used in formal or business settings to indicate something that is not part of the regular schedule or routine.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5548

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mailing

Reading

Kanji

郵Mail 送Send

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '郵送 (ゆうそう)' means 'mailing' or 'sending by post'. It refers to the act of sending letters, packages, or other items through the postal system. This term is commonly used in formal or business contexts. For example: I will send the documents by mail「書類を郵送します」(しょるいをゆうそうします). Please mail this package to the address「この荷物を住所に郵送してください」(このにもつをじゅうしょにゆうそうしてください). Note that '郵送' is often used in written or formal communication, while '送る (おくる)' is a more general verb for 'to send'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5612

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Words

Reading

Kanji

詞Poetry, Words

Explanation

The Japanese noun '詞 (し)' refers to 'words' or 'lyrics'. It is often used in the context of poetry, songs, or formal expressions. This term carries a slightly literary or artistic nuance, and it is commonly seen in compound words like '歌詞 (かし)' (song lyrics) or '詩詞 (しし)' (poetic words). Example sentences: The lyrics of this song are beautiful「この歌の詞は美しい」(このうたのしはうつくしい). He writes poetic words「彼は詩詞を書く」(かれはししをかく).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5616

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Course

Reading

Kanji

講Lecture 座Sit, Seat

Explanation

The Japanese noun '講座 (こうざ)' primarily means 'course', referring to a series of lessons or lectures on a particular subject. It is commonly used in educational contexts, such as university courses or specialized training programs. For example: I am taking a Japanese history course「私は日本史の講座を取っています」(わたしはにほんしのこうざをとっています). This course is very popular「この講座はとても人気です」(このこうざはとてもにんきです). Additionally, '講座' can sometimes refer to a lecture or seminar, but the primary meaning remains 'course'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5627

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Value

Reading

Kanji

値Value, Price 打Hit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '値打ち (ねうち)' means 'value'. It refers to the worth, importance, or merit of something, whether tangible or intangible. This word is often used to describe the inherent or perceived value of objects, actions, or even people. For example: This painting has great value「この絵は値打ちがある」(このえはねうちがある). The value of this experience is immeasurable「この経験の値打ちは計り知れない」(このけいけんのねうちははかりしれない). Note that '値打ち' can also imply a sense of dignity or prestige, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5633

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Corpse

Reading

Kanji

遺Leave behind 体Body

Explanation

The Japanese noun '遺体 (いたい)' refers to a 'corpse' or 'dead body'. It is a formal term used in contexts such as funerals, crime scenes, or medical settings. This word carries a respectful and somber tone, often used when discussing the deceased in a serious or official manner. Example sentences: The police found the corpse「警察は遺体を発見した」(けいさつはいたいをはっけんした). The family identified the body「家族が遺体を確認した」(かぞくがいたいをかくにんした). Note that this term is not used casually and is reserved for formal or sensitive situations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5636

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Layer, Hierarchy

Reading

Kanji

階Storey 層Layer

Explanation

The Japanese noun '階層 (かいそう)' can mean 'hierarchy' or 'layer', depending on the context. When referring to 'hierarchy', it is often used in social, organizational, or class structures. For example: the company has a strict hierarchy「その会社は厳しい階層がある」(そのかいしゃはきびしいかいそうがある). When referring to 'layer', it is used in contexts like geological layers, software layers, or other stratified systems. For example: the earth has many layers「地球は多くの階層がある」(ちきゅうはおおくのかいそうがある). The word is neutral and can be applied to both abstract and concrete structures.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5637

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Curtain

Reading

Kanji

幕Curtain

Explanation

The Japanese noun '幕 (まく)' primarily means 'curtain'. It refers to the physical curtain used in theaters or stages, but it can also metaphorically represent the beginning or end of an event or era. For example: The curtain rose「幕が上がった」(まくがあがった). The curtain fell on his career「彼のキャリアに幕が下りた」(かれのキャリアにまくがおりた). Additionally, '幕' can be used in compound words like '開幕 (かいまく)' (opening of an event) or '閉幕 (へいまく)' (closing of an event).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5640

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Transition

Reading

Kanji

推Infer 移Move, Transfer

Explanation

The Japanese noun '推移 (すいい)' refers to a 'transition' or 'change over time'. It is commonly used to describe the process or progression of events, trends, or states. For example: the transition of seasons「季節の推移」(きせつのすいい). The change in economic conditions「経済状況の推移」(けいざいじょうきょうのすいい). This word is often used in formal or analytical contexts to discuss shifts or developments in various fields such as economics, history, or science.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5664

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Letter

Reading

Kanji

書Write 簡Simplicity

Explanation

The Japanese noun '書簡 (しょかん)' refers to a 'letter' or 'written correspondence'. It is a formal term often used to describe written communications, particularly in a literary or historical context. This word is more formal and less commonly used in everyday conversation compared to '手紙 (てがみ)', which also means 'letter'. Example sentences: I received a letter from my teacher「先生から書簡を受け取りました」(せんせいからしょかんをうけとりました). He wrote a letter to his friend「彼は友達に書簡を書いた」(かれはともだちにしょかんをかいた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5679

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sect

Reading

Kanji

宗Religion

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '宗 (しゅう)' means 'sect' and is commonly used in the context of religious or philosophical schools. It refers to a specific branch or tradition within a larger religious or philosophical system. For example, in Buddhism, it is used to denote different sects such as Zen Buddhism (禅宗, ぜんしゅう) or Pure Land Buddhism (浄土宗, じょうどしゅう). The suffix can also be used more broadly to refer to any organized group or school of thought. Example sentences: He belongs to the Zen sect「彼は禅宗です」(かれはぜんしゅうです). This temple is affiliated with the Pure Land sect「この寺は浄土宗です」(このてらはじょうどしゅうです).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5680

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Discount

Reading

Kanji

値Value, Price 引Pull

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '値引き (ねびき)' refers to a reduction in price or a discount. It is commonly used in shopping contexts, negotiations, or when discussing price adjustments. For example: Can you give me a discount?「値引きしてくれませんか？」(ねびきしてくれませんか？). The store offered a 10% discount「その店は10％の値引きをした」(そのみせは10パーセントのねびきをした). This term is often used in business or retail settings to indicate a price reduction, and it can be applied to goods, services, or even bills.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5681

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rapid, Sudden

Reading

Kanji

急Urgent 激Violent, Fierce

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '急激 (きゅうげき)' describes something that happens suddenly or changes rapidly. It is often used to describe abrupt changes in situations, conditions, or trends. For example: a sudden increase in temperature「気温の急激な上昇」(きおんのきゅうげきなじょうしょう). The rapid growth of technology「技術の急激な進歩」(ぎじゅつのきゅうげきなしんぽ). This word emphasizes the speed and intensity of the change, making it suitable for both positive and negative contexts.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5684

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Engagement

Reading

Kanji

従Follow, Obey 事Thing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '従事 (じゅうじ)' refers to being engaged or involved in a particular activity, occupation, or job. It is often used in formal contexts to describe someone's professional involvement or dedication to a specific field or task. For example: He is engaged in research「彼は研究に従事している」(かれはけんきゅうにじゅうじしている). She works in education「彼女は教育に従事している」(かのじょはきょういくにじゅうじしている). The term emphasizes active participation or commitment to a role or activity.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5686

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Personal

Reading

Kanji

私Private, Me 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '私的 (してき)' means 'personal'. It is used to describe something that is related to an individual's private life, opinions, or interests, rather than being public or official. This term often carries a nuance of being subjective or not related to formal or professional matters. For example: This is my personal opinion「これは私的な意見です」(これはしてきないけんです). He has a personal connection to the case「彼はその事件に私的なつながりがある」(かれはそのじけんにしてきなつながりがある). Note that '私的' is often used in contrast to '公的 (こうてき)', which means 'public' or 'official'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5692

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Police

Reading

Kanji

警Warn 官Government, Bureaucrat

Explanation

The Japanese noun '警官 (けいかん)' refers to a police officer or a member of the police force. It is a formal term used to describe someone who enforces laws and maintains public order. For example: The police officer is directing traffic「警官が交通を整理している」(けいかんがこうつうをせいりしている). I asked the police officer for directions「警官に道を聞いた」(けいかんにみちをきいた). This term is commonly used in both written and spoken Japanese when referring to law enforcement personnel.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5693

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Disorder

Reading

Kanji

乱Disorder, Riot

Explanation

The Japanese noun '乱 (らん)' means 'disorder' or 'chaos'. It is often used to describe a state of confusion, turmoil, or lack of order, whether in a physical, social, or abstract sense. For example: The country fell into disorder「国は乱に陥った」(くにはらんにおちいった). The meeting ended in chaos「会議は乱で終わった」(かいぎはらんにおわった). This word can also appear in compound words, such as '戦乱 (せんらん)' (war chaos) or '内乱 (ないらん)' (civil disorder). It carries a strong connotation of disruption and instability.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5700

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Remove

Reading

Kanji

取Take 除Exclude, Remove

Explanation

The Japanese verb '取り除く (とりのぞく)' means 'to remove' or 'to eliminate'. It is used when taking something away or getting rid of something, whether physically or abstractly. This verb often implies a deliberate action to clear or eliminate an obstacle, problem, or unwanted item. For example: Please remove the dirt from the table「テーブルの汚れを取り除いてください」(テーブルのよごれをとりのぞいてください). We need to remove the obstacles to success「成功の障害を取り除く必要がある」(せいこうのしょうがいをとりのぞくひつようがある). The verb can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as removing doubts or fears.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5713

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Number

Reading

Kanji

枚Flat, Counter 数Number

Explanation

The Japanese noun '枚数 (まいすう)' refers to the 'number' of flat objects, such as sheets of paper, plates, or other thin items. It is commonly used when counting or referring to quantities of such objects. For example: Please check the number of sheets「枚数を確認してください」(まいすうをかくにんしてください). The number of plates is insufficient「枚数が足りません」(まいすうがたりません). This word is particularly useful in contexts like printing, manufacturing, or serving food, where counting flat items is necessary.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5738

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Burden

Reading

Kanji

負Defeat 担Bear, Carry

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '負担 (ふたん)' means 'burden'. It refers to something that is carried or borne, often implying a sense of difficulty or responsibility. This term is commonly used in contexts involving financial, emotional, or physical burdens. For example: The cost is a burden for the family「その費用は家族にとって負担だ」(そのひようはかぞくにとってふたんだ). She doesn't want to be a burden to anyone「彼女は誰の負担にもなりたくない」(かのじょはだれのふたんにもなりたくない). It's important to note that '負担' can also be used in compound words, such as '負担金 (ふたんきん)' meaning 'contribution fee'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5743

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Division

Reading

Kanji

分Minute, Part 担Bear, Carry

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '分担 (ぶんたん)' refers to the act of dividing or sharing responsibilities, tasks, or duties among a group of people. It emphasizes collaboration and equitable distribution of work. For example: Let's divide the work「仕事を分担しましょう」(しごとをぶんたんしましょう). The team shared the tasks「チームは仕事を分担した」(チームはしごとをぶんたんした). This term is commonly used in professional, academic, or household settings to describe the fair allocation of responsibilities.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5744

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Origin

Reading

Kanji

起Wake up 源Origin, Source

Explanation

The Japanese noun '起源 (きげん)' refers to the 'origin' or 'beginning' of something. It is often used to describe the starting point or source of events, ideas, or phenomena. For example: the origin of life「生命の起源」(せいめいのきげん). The origin of this tradition is unclear「この伝統の起源は不明です」(このでんとうのきげんはふめいです). This word is commonly used in historical, scientific, and cultural contexts to discuss the roots or inception of a subject.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5761

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Acquisition, Bribery

Reading

Kanji

買Buy 収Obtain

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '買収 (ばいしゅう)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'acquisition', referring to the act of buying or taking over something, such as a company or property. For example: The company announced the acquisition of a competitor「会社は競合他社の買収を発表した」(かいしゃはきょうごうたしゃのばいしゅうをはっぴょうした). The second meaning is 'bribery', referring to the act of offering money or favors to influence someone's actions or decisions. For example: The politician was accused of bribery「その政治家は買収の疑いで告発された」(そのせいじかはばいしゅうのうたがいでこくはつされた). It's important to note that the context in which '買収' is used will determine which meaning is intended.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5778

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Annual income

Reading

Kanji

年Year 収Obtain

Explanation

The Japanese noun '年収 (ねんしゅう)' refers to a person's 'annual income'. It is commonly used in discussions about salaries, earnings, and financial planning. This term is neutral and can be used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: His annual income is high「彼の年収は高いです」(かれのねんしゅうはたかいです). I want to increase my annual income「年収を増やしたい」(ねんしゅうをふやしたい). Note that '年収' specifically refers to the total income earned in a year, including salary, bonuses, and other earnings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5779

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Power

Reading

Kanji

電Electricity 源Origin, Source

Explanation

The Japanese noun '電源 (でんげん)' primarily means 'power' in the context of electricity or energy sources. It is commonly used to refer to the power supply of electronic devices, such as turning on or off the power. For example: Please turn off the power「電源を切ってください」(でんげんをきってください). The power went out「電源が落ちた」(でんげんがおちた). Additionally, it can refer to the power source itself, such as a battery or an outlet. For example: This device uses battery power「この装置は電池の電源を使う」(このそうちはでんちのでんげんをつかう).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5785

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mystery

Reading

Kanji

神God 秘Secret

Explanation

The Japanese noun '神秘 (しんぴ)' means 'mystery' or 'something mysterious'. It is often used to describe phenomena, events, or concepts that are beyond human understanding or have an aura of wonder. This word carries a sense of awe and reverence, often associated with the supernatural, spiritual, or unexplainable. For example: the mystery of the universe「宇宙の神秘」(うちゅうのしんぴ). The beauty of nature holds a deep mystery「自然の美しさには深い神秘がある」(しぜんのうつくしさにはふかいしんぴがある). It is commonly used in both everyday and literary contexts to evoke a sense of wonder or intrigue.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5799

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Proportion, Relatively

Reading

Kanji

割Divide, Split 合Fit, Match

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '割合 (わりあい)' has two distinct meanings. First, it can mean 'relatively' or 'comparatively', often used to describe something in relation to a standard or expectation. For example: This task is relatively easy「この作業は割合簡単だ」(このさぎょうはわりあいかんたんだ). Second, it can mean 'proportion' or 'ratio', referring to the quantitative relationship between parts. For example: The proportion of men to women is equal「男性と女性の割合は同じだ」(だんせいとじょせいのわりあいはおなじだ). The context will determine which meaning is intended.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5805

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Allocation

Reading

Kanji

割Divide, Split 当Hit, Appropriate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '割り当て (わりあて)' means 'allocation'. It refers to the act of assigning or distributing something, such as resources, tasks, or responsibilities, to specific individuals or groups. This word is commonly used in contexts like work, school, or project management. For example: The allocation of tasks was fair「割り当ては公平だった」(わりあてはこうへいだった). Please check your room allocation「部屋の割り当てを確認してください」(へやのわりあてをかくにんしてください). The term can also imply a sense of division or apportionment, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5815

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Allocate

Reading

Kanji

割Divide, Split 当Hit, Appropriate

Explanation

The Japanese verb '割り当てる (わりあてる)' means 'to allocate' or 'to assign'. It is used when distributing resources, tasks, or responsibilities to specific people or purposes. For example: The teacher allocated tasks to the students「先生は生徒に課題を割り当てた」(せんせいはせいとにかだいをわりあてた). The company allocated a budget for the project「会社はプロジェクトに予算を割り当てた」(かいしゃはぷろじぇくとによさんをわりあてた). This verb is often used in formal or organizational contexts, such as work, school, or planning.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5816

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Discount

Reading

Kanji

割Divide, Split 引Pull

Explanation

The Japanese verb '割り引く (わりびく)' means 'to discount' or 'to reduce the price of something'. It is commonly used in commercial or financial contexts to indicate a reduction in cost or value. For example: The store discounted the price「店は値段を割り引いた」(みせはねだんをわりびいた). They discounted the importance of the issue「彼らはその問題の重要性を割り引いた」(かれらはそのもんだいのじゅうようせいをわりびいた). Note that this verb can also be used metaphorically to describe reducing the significance or value of something non-monetary.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5817

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Relatively

Reading

Kanji

割Divide, Split

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '割に (わりに)' means 'relatively' or 'comparatively'. It is used to indicate that something is more or less than expected, often in comparison to a standard or assumption. It can convey a sense of surprise or contrast. For example: This test was relatively easy「このテストは割に簡単だった」(このテストはわりにかんたんだった). She is relatively tall for her age「彼女は年齢の割に背が高い」(かのじょはねんれいのわりにせがたかい). The adverb is often used to express a deviation from what is typical or anticipated.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5818

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Discount

Reading

Kanji

割Divide, Split 引Pull

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '割り引き (わりびき)' means 'discount'. It refers to a reduction in the usual price of something, often used in shopping contexts. This term is commonly seen in stores, advertisements, and sales promotions. For example: I got a discount on this shirt「このシャツは割り引きしてもらった」(このシャツはわりびきしてもらった). The store is offering a 20% discount today「今日は20%の割り引きをしています」(きょうは20パーセントのわりびきをしています). Note that '割り引き' is often used with percentages or specific amounts to indicate the extent of the discount.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5819

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Relatively

Reading

Kanji

割Divide, Split 合Fit, Match

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '割合に (わりあいに)' means 'relatively'. It is used to indicate that something is somewhat or comparatively true in relation to something else. This adverb is often used to express a moderate degree or a balanced perspective. For example: This book is relatively easy to read「この本は割合に読みやすい」(このほんはわりあいによみやすい). The weather today is relatively warm「今日の天気は割合に暖かい」(きょうのてんきはわりあいにあたたかい). It can also imply a sense of proportion or balance, as in '割合に公平 (わりあいにこうへい) (relatively fair)'.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5821

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reform

Reading

Kanji

変Change, Abnormal 革Reform, Leather

Explanation

The Japanese noun '変革 (へんかく)' means 'reform' or 'transformation'. It refers to a significant change or alteration, often in a system, organization, or society, aimed at improving or modernizing it. This word is commonly used in contexts related to social, political, or organizational changes. For example: The company is undergoing a major reform「その会社は大きな変革を経験している」(そのかいしゃはおおきなへんかくをけいけんしている). We need reform in the education system「教育システムに変革が必要だ」(きょういくシステムにへんかくがひつようだ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5837

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Call, Summon

Reading

Kanji

呼Invite, Call 出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese verb '呼び出す (よびだす)' can mean 'summon' or 'call'. It is used when someone is called out or summoned, often in a formal or urgent context. For example: The teacher summoned the student「先生は生徒を呼び出した」(せんせいはせいとをよびだした). The police called the witness to the station「警察は証人を警察署に呼び出した」(けいさつはしょうにんをけいさつしょによびだした). This verb can also be used in technical contexts, such as calling a function in programming or summoning a character in a game.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5848

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bargain

Reading

Kanji

値Value, Price 切Cut

Explanation

The Japanese verb '値切る (ねぎる)' means 'to bargain' or 'to haggle'. It is used when negotiating the price of something, typically to get a lower price. This verb is commonly used in markets, shops, or when dealing with sellers. For example: I bargained with the seller「売り手と値切った」(うりてとねぎった). He tried to bargain for a cheaper price「彼は安くしてもらおうと値切った」(かれはやすくしてもらおうとねぎった). Note that this verb is often used in informal or casual settings and may not be appropriate in formal business negotiations.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5862

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dry

Reading

Kanji

干Dry

Explanation

The Japanese verb '干す (ほす)' means 'to dry'. It is commonly used to describe the action of drying something, such as clothes, food, or other items. For example: I will dry the laundry「洗濯物を干します」(せんたくものをほします). She dried the fish in the sun「彼女は魚を干した」(かのじょはさかなをほした). This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe leaving someone out or neglecting them, as in '彼は会議で干された (かれはかいぎでほされた) (He was left out of the meeting).' The verb is versatile and can be used in various contexts related to drying or exposure to air.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5896

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Boarding, Alighting

Reading

Kanji

乗Ride 降Descend, Fall

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '乗り降り (のりおり)' refers to the act of boarding and alighting from a vehicle, such as a train, bus, or car. It is often used in contexts involving transportation. For example: The station is crowded with people boarding and alighting「駅は乗り降りの人で混雑している」(えきはのりおりのひとでこんざつしている). Please be careful when boarding and alighting「乗り降りの際はご注意ください」(のりおりのさいはごちゅういください). This word is commonly seen in transportation-related announcements and signage.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5904

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Appetite

Reading

Kanji

食Eat, Food 欲Desire, Longing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '食欲 (しょくよく)' refers to one's appetite or desire to eat. It is commonly used in contexts related to hunger, eating habits, or health. For example: I have no appetite today「今日は食欲がない」(きょうはしょくよくがない). Her appetite has increased recently「最近、彼女の食欲が増えた」(さいきん、かのじょのしょくよくがふえた). This word can also be used metaphorically to describe a strong desire or craving for something, though this usage is less common. For instance: He has an appetite for adventure「彼は冒険に食欲がある」(かれはぼうけんにしょくよくがある).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5909

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Public opinion

Reading

Kanji

世World, Generation 論Theory, Argument

Explanation

The Japanese noun '世論 (よろん)' refers to 'public opinion'. It is used to describe the collective views or attitudes of the general public on a particular issue or topic. This term is often used in discussions about politics, social issues, and media. For example: Public opinion is divided on this issue「この問題について世論は分かれている」(このもんだいについてよろんはわかれている). The government is paying attention to public opinion「政府は世論に注目している」(せいふはよろんにちゅうもくしている). Note that '世論' can also be read as 'せろん' in some contexts, but 'よろん' is the more common reading.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5914

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Costume

Reading

Kanji

衣Clothes 装Dress, Attire

Explanation

The Japanese noun '衣装 (いしょう)' refers to 'costume' or 'attire'. It is commonly used to describe clothing worn for specific occasions, performances, or roles, such as traditional outfits, stage costumes, or ceremonial garments. For example: She wore a beautiful costume「彼女は美しい衣装を着ていた」(かのじょはうつくしいいしょうをきていた). The actors changed into their costumes「俳優たちは衣装に着替えた」(はいゆうたちはいしょうにきがえた). This word can also refer to elaborate or decorative clothing in general.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5922

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ego

Reading

Kanji

自Self 我Self, Ego

Explanation

The Japanese noun '自我 (じが)' refers to the concept of 'ego' or 'self'. It is used in psychological and philosophical contexts to describe one's sense of self or individuality. For example: He has a strong ego「彼は自我が強い」(かれはじががつよい). The concept of ego is important in psychology「自我の概念は心理学で重要です」(じがのがいねんはしんりがくでじゅうようです). This term is often used in discussions about self-awareness, identity, and personal development.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5926

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dye

Reading

Kanji

染Dye

Explanation

The Japanese verb '染める (そめる)' means 'to dye'. It is used to describe the action of coloring or staining something, such as fabric, hair, or other materials. This verb is often used in contexts related to fashion, art, or personal grooming. For example: She dyed her hair red「彼女は髪を赤く染めた」(かのじょはかみをあかくそめた). I dyed the fabric blue「布を青く染めた」(ぬのをあおくそめた). The verb can also be used metaphorically to describe something being deeply influenced or imbued with a particular quality, such as 'the sky was dyed with the colors of sunset'「空が夕焼けの色に染まった」(そらがゆうやけのいろにそまった).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5956

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Private

Reading

Kanji

私Private, Me 立Stand

Explanation

The Japanese noun '私立 (しりつ)' means 'private'. This term is commonly used to describe institutions, particularly schools or universities, that are privately funded and operated, as opposed to public or government-run institutions. For example: I attend a private university「私は私立大学に通っています」(わたしはしりつだいがくにかよっています). This is a private school「これは私立の学校です」(これはしりつのがっこうです). The term can also be used more broadly to describe other privately owned or operated entities, but it is most frequently associated with educational institutions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5970

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dangerous, Uncertain

Reading

Kanji

危Dangerous

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '危うい (あやうい)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'dangerous', referring to something that poses a risk or threat. The second is 'uncertain', describing a situation or outcome that is not guaranteed or is precarious. This word is often used in contexts where there is a sense of instability or potential harm. For example: The bridge looks dangerous「その橋は危うい」(そのはしはあやうい). His plan seems uncertain「彼の計画は危うい」(かれのけいかくはあやうい). The nuance of '危うい' often conveys a sense of being on the edge or close to failure, making it a versatile word for describing both physical and abstract situations.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5983

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mistake

Reading

Kanji

誤Mistake

Explanation

The Japanese noun '誤り (あやまり)' means 'mistake' or 'error'. It refers to an incorrect action, decision, or judgment. This word is often used in formal or written contexts to describe errors in reasoning, calculations, or behavior. For example: I realized my mistake「私は誤りに気づいた」(わたしはあやまりにきづいた). Correcting mistakes is important「誤りを直すことは大切だ」(あやまりをなおすことはたいせつだ). The word can also be used in compound phrases like '誤りを犯す (あやまりをおかす)' (to make a mistake).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5984

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Source

Reading

Kanji

源Origin, Source 泉Spring, Fountain

Explanation

The Japanese noun '源泉 (げんせん)' refers to the 'source' or 'origin' of something, often used in both literal and figurative contexts. It can describe the source of a river, the origin of an idea, or the root cause of a phenomenon. For example: the source of the river is in the mountains「川の源泉は山にある」(かわのげんせんはやまにある). The source of his inspiration is nature「彼のインスピレーションの源泉は自然だ」(かれのインスピレーションのげんせんはしぜんだ). This word is commonly used in formal or literary contexts to emphasize the fundamental origin of something.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5986

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stretch, Postpone

Reading

Kanji

延Prolong

Explanation

The Japanese verb '延びる (のびる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to stretch', which refers to something physically extending in length or time. For example: the rubber band stretches「ゴムが延びる」(ゴムがのびる). The second meaning is 'to postpone', indicating a delay or extension of time. For example: the meeting was postponed「会議が延びた」(かいぎがのびた). The verb is often used in contexts involving time, deadlines, or physical extension. Note that the kanji 延 can also imply a sense of prolongation or delay, which is reflected in its usage.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5992

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Demand, Desire

Reading

Kanji

欲Desire, Longing 求Request, Seek

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '欲求 (よっきゅう)' primarily means 'desire' or 'demand'. It refers to a strong feeling of wanting something or needing something. This word is often used in psychological or formal contexts to describe innate or instinctual desires, such as basic human needs. For example: His desire for success is strong「彼の成功への欲求は強い」(かれのせいこうへのよっきゅうはつよい). The demand for the product increased「その製品への欲求が高まった」(そのせいひんへのよっきゅうがたかまった). Note that while 'desire' is more emotional or personal, 'demand' can imply a more practical or market-driven need.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6001

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Window, Counter

Reading

Kanji

窓Window 口Mouth

Explanation

The Japanese noun '窓口 (まどぐち)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning refers to a physical 'window', such as a window in a building or vehicle. The second meaning refers to a 'counter' or service desk, often found in places like banks, post offices, or ticket offices, where transactions or inquiries are handled. For example: Please go to the counter for assistance「窓口でお尋ねください」(まどぐちでおたずねください). The window is open「窓口が開いています」(まどぐちがあいています). The word is commonly used in both literal and service-related contexts, making it versatile in everyday Japanese.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6006

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Federation

Reading

Kanji

合Fit, Match 衆Multitude

Explanation

The Japanese noun '合衆 (がっしゅう)' refers to a 'federation' or a union of states or groups. It is often used in the context of political or organizational structures where multiple entities come together under a unified system. For example, the United States is referred to as 'アメリカ合衆国 (あめりかがっしゅうこく)' in Japanese, which literally translates to 'United States of America'. Another example: The federation decided to implement new policies「合衆は新しい政策を実施することに決めた」(がっしゅうはあたらしいせいさくをじっしすることにきめた). This term is formal and is typically used in political or historical contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6030

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Supplement

Reading

Kanji

補Supplement

Explanation

The Japanese verb '補う (おぎなう)' means 'to supplement' or 'to compensate for something lacking'. It is used when adding something to make up for a deficiency or to fill in a gap. This verb can be applied in various contexts, such as financial, informational, or physical shortages. For example: We need to supplement the budget「予算を補う必要がある」(よさんをおぎなうひつようがある). She compensated for her lack of experience with enthusiasm「彼女は経験不足を熱意で補った」(かのじょはけいけんぶそくをねついでおぎなった). It is also commonly used in contexts where something is added to enhance or complete something else, such as in '知識を補う (ちしきをおぎなう) (to supplement knowledge)'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6033

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Difference

Reading

Kanji

差Difference 異Rare, Different

Explanation

The Japanese noun '差異 (さい)' means 'difference'. It refers to a distinction or discrepancy between two or more things. This word is often used in formal or technical contexts to describe variations, gaps, or disparities. For example: there is a difference in opinion「意見に差異がある」(いけんにさいがある). The difference between the two products is clear「二つの製品の差異は明らかだ」(ふたつのせいひんのさいはあきらかだ). Note that '差異' is more formal than other words like '違い (ちがい)', which is more commonly used in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6039

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Continuation

Reading

Kanji

存Exist, Suppose 続Continue

Explanation

The Japanese noun '存続 (そんぞく)' means 'continuation' or 'persistence'. It refers to the act of continuing to exist or maintaining something over time. This word is often used in formal or serious contexts, such as discussions about the survival of a business, tradition, or even the environment. For example: The continuation of this tradition is important「この伝統の存続は重要です」(このでんとうのそんぞくはじゅうようです). The company's survival depends on this decision「会社の存続はこの決定にかかっています」(かいしゃのそんぞくはこのけっていにかかっています). Note that '存続' is typically used in written or formal speech rather than casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6115

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Youthful

Reading

Kanji

若Young

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '若々しい (わかわかしい)' means 'youthful'. It is used to describe someone or something that appears young, fresh, or full of vitality, regardless of their actual age. This word often carries a positive connotation, emphasizing energy and liveliness. For example: She looks very youthful「彼女はとても若々しい」(かのじょはとてもわかわかしい). His attitude is youthful「彼の態度は若々しい」(かれのたいどはわかわかしい). This adjective is commonly used to compliment someone's appearance or demeanor, highlighting their youthful spirit.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6148

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Along

Reading

Kanji

沿Along

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '沿い (そい)' means 'along'. It is used to indicate that something is situated or moving alongside a particular path, route, or boundary. This suffix is often attached to nouns that represent linear features such as roads, rivers, or coastlines. For example: walking along the river「川沿いを歩く」(かわぞいをあるく). The hotel is along the coast「ホテルは海岸沿いにある」(ホテルはかいがんぞいにある). Note that '沿い' is typically used in combination with other nouns to form compound words that describe locations or directions relative to a linear feature.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6169

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Police inspector

Reading

Kanji

警Warn 視See, Look

Explanation

The Japanese noun '警視 (けいし)' refers to the police rank of 'inspector' in Japan. It is used to describe a rank within the Japanese Police hierarchy, specifically a rank above sergeant and below superintendent. Example: He is an inspector 「彼は警視です」 (かれはけいしです). The inspector arrived at the scene 「警視が現場に到着した」 (けいしがげんばにとうちゃくした). This term is used in official contexts and is not commonly used in casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6177

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Creation, Fiction

Reading

Kanji

創Create 作Make

Explanation

The Japanese noun '創作 (そうさく)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'creation', referring to the act of creating something, such as art, literature, or other creative works. For example: This painting is my creation「この絵は私の創作です」(このえはわたしのそうさくです). The second meaning is 'fiction', referring to works of imaginative storytelling, such as novels or short stories. For example: I enjoy reading fiction「私は創作を読むのが好きです」(わたしはそうさくをよむのがすきです). The word is often used in contexts related to art, literature, and creative expression.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6182

Composition

kanji

Handwriting