Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Kanji School Grade

word

Meaning

Embarrassed, Shameful

Reading

Kanji

恥Ashamed, Shame

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '恥ずかしい (はずかしい)' can mean both 'embarrassed' and 'shameful', depending on the context. When used to describe a person's feelings, it typically means 'embarrassed', as in feeling self-conscious or awkward. For example: I was embarrassed「私は恥ずかしかった」(わたしははずかしかった). When used to describe an action or situation, it can mean 'shameful', as in something that brings disgrace or dishonor. For example: That behavior is shameful「その行動は恥ずかしい」(そのこうどうははずかしい). The nuance of this word often depends on the context, so it's important to pay attention to how it's used in sentences.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2304

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Usually

Reading

Kanji

大Big 抵Resist, Match

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '大抵 (たいてい)' means 'usually' or 'generally'. It is used to indicate that something happens most of the time or is typical in a given situation. This word is often used to describe habitual actions or general tendencies. For example: I usually go to bed early「大抵早く寝ます」(たいていはやくねます). He usually takes the train to work「彼は大抵電車で仕事に行きます」(かれはたいていでんしゃでしごとにいきます). Note that '大抵' can also imply a sense of 'most likely' or 'in most cases', but the primary meaning is 'usually'.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2314

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Endure

Reading

Kanji

耐Proof, Withstand

Explanation

The Japanese verb '耐える (たえる)' means 'to endure' or 'to withstand'. It is used to describe the ability to tolerate or bear something difficult, such as pain, hardship, or stress. This verb can also imply resilience or patience in the face of challenges. For example: He endured the pain「彼は痛みに耐えた」(かれはいたみにたえた). I can't endure this heat「この暑さに耐えられない」(このあつさにたえられない). Note that '耐える' is often used in contexts involving physical or emotional strain, and it can be paired with particles like 'に' to indicate what is being endured.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2317

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Item, Matter

Reading

Kanji

事Thing 項Clause, Paragraph

Explanation

The Japanese noun '事項 (じこう)' refers to a specific matter, item, or point of consideration. It is often used in formal or technical contexts to describe details, topics, or elements that are part of a larger discussion, list, or document. For example: Please check the important matters「重要な事項を確認してください」(じゅうようなじこうをかくにんしてください). The contract includes several key items「契約にはいくつかの重要な事項が含まれています」(けいやくにはいくつかのじゅうようなじこうがふくまれています). This word is commonly used in legal, business, or administrative settings to refer to specific points or issues.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2354

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Counter

Reading

Kanji

軒Eaves, House counter

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '軒 (けん)' is a counter used specifically for counting houses, buildings, or establishments. It is commonly used in contexts where you need to specify the number of houses, shops, or similar structures. For example: there are three houses「家が三軒ある」(いえがさんけんある). I visited five coffee shops「五軒のコーヒーショップを訪れた」(ごけんのコーヒーショップをおとずれた). This counter is essential in everyday conversation when discussing locations or properties.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2381

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shadow, Silhouette

Reading

Kanji

影Shadow

Explanation

The Japanese noun '影 (かげ)' primarily means 'shadow', referring to the dark area or shape produced by an object blocking light. It can also mean 'silhouette', which is the dark shape and outline of someone or something visible against a lighter background. This word is often used in both literal and metaphorical contexts. For example: the shadow of a tree「木の影」(きのかげ). Her silhouette was visible in the moonlight「月明かりに彼女の影が見えた」(つきあかりにかのじょのかげがみえた). In literature and poetry, '影' can also symbolize something fleeting or intangible, such as memories or emotions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2392

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Suffer

Reading

Kanji

被Incur, Be subjected to

Explanation

The Japanese verb '被る (こうむる)' means 'to suffer' or 'to incur' something, typically something negative or undesirable. It is often used in formal or written contexts to describe experiencing or being subjected to a certain outcome, usually adverse. For example: He suffered a great loss「彼は大きな損失を被った」(かれはおおきなそんしつをこうむった). The company incurred significant damages「その会社は大きな損害を被った」(そのかいしゃはおおきなそんがいをこうむった). This verb is commonly used in legal, business, or formal settings to describe the experience of negative consequences.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2400

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Attack

Reading

Kanji

襲Attack, Inherit

Explanation

The Japanese verb '襲う (おそう)' primarily means 'to attack'. This verb is used to describe a sudden and often violent action against someone or something. It can refer to physical attacks, such as an animal attacking a person, or more abstract forms of attack, like a sudden storm or a wave of emotions. For example: The bear attacked the hiker「熊がハイカーを襲った」(くまがハイカーをおそった). A sudden feeling of sadness attacked her「突然の悲しみが彼女を襲った」(とつぜんのかなしみがかのじょをおそった). The verb can also be used metaphorically to describe being overwhelmed by something, such as a wave of nostalgia or a sudden realization.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2428

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Demon, Ogre

Reading

Kanji

鬼Demon, Ogre

Explanation

The Japanese noun '鬼 (おに)' refers to a mythical creature often depicted as a demon or ogre in Japanese folklore. These beings are typically portrayed as fearsome, with horns, sharp claws, and wild hair. They are often associated with evil or mischief but can also symbolize strength and perseverance. In modern contexts, '鬼' is sometimes used metaphorically to describe someone who is exceptionally strict or relentless, such as a demanding coach or boss. Example sentences: The demon is scary「鬼は怖い」(おにはこわい). My boss is a real ogre「私の上司は本当に鬼だ」(わたしのじょうしはほんとうにおにだ). In festivals, people dress up as demons「祭りで鬼の格好をする人もいる」(まつりでおにのかっこうをするひともいる).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2437

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Thick, Dark

Reading

Kanji

濃Thick

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '濃い (こい)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'thick', which is used to describe something with a high density or viscosity, such as a liquid or a substance. For example: this soup is thick「このスープは濃い」(このスープはこい). The second meaning is 'dark', which is used to describe colors or shades that are deep or intense. For example: the color of this shirt is dark「このシャツの色は濃い」(このシャツのいろはこい). The adjective can also be used metaphorically to describe strong flavors or intense emotions. For instance: the coffee has a strong flavor「コーヒーの味が濃い」(コーヒーのあじがこい).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2452

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stomach

Reading

Kanji

御Honorable, General honorific term 腹Abdomen

Explanation

The Japanese noun '御腹 (おなか)' means 'stomach'. This word is commonly used to refer to the physical stomach or abdomen area of a person or animal. It can also be used more generally to talk about hunger or the state of one's stomach. For example: my stomach is full「私の御腹はいっぱいです」(わたしのおなかはいっぱいです). I have a stomach ache「御腹が痛いです」(おなかがいたいです). The term is polite and often used in everyday conversation. It is important to note that '御腹' is a more formal or polite version of '腹 (はら)', which also means 'stomach' but is less formal.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2455

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Basis, Grounds

Reading

Kanji

根Root 拠Basis, Based on

Explanation

The Japanese noun '根拠 (こんきょ)' refers to the foundation, basis, or grounds for something, such as an argument, belief, or decision. It implies a logical or factual support for a claim or idea. This word is often used in formal or academic contexts. For example: There is no basis for that claim「その主張には根拠がない」(そのしゅちょうにはこんきょがない). The grounds for this decision are unclear「この決定の根拠は不明だ」(このけっていのこんきょはふめいだ). Note that '根拠' is distinct from similar words like '理由 (りゆう)' (reason) or '原因 (げんいん)' (cause), as it specifically emphasizes the evidence or foundation supporting something.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2479

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sword

Reading

Kanji

剣Sword

Explanation

The Japanese noun '剣 (けん)' refers to a 'sword'. This term is used to describe a bladed weapon typically used in combat or martial arts. It carries historical and cultural significance in Japan, often associated with samurai and traditional Japanese swordsmanship. Example sentences: He wielded a sharp sword「彼は鋭い剣を振るった」(かれはするどいけんをふるった). The sword is a symbol of the samurai「剣は侍の象徴だ」(けんはさむらいのしょうちょうだ). Note that '剣' can also appear in compound words, such as '剣術 (けんじゅつ)' meaning 'swordsmanship'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2480

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Moment

Reading

Kanji

途Way, Route 端End, Edge

Explanation

The Japanese noun '途端 (とたん)' refers to the exact moment when something happens, often implying an immediate or sudden change. It is commonly used in the structure '～た途端に' to describe an action or event that occurs right after another. For example: The moment I sat down, the phone rang「座った途端に電話が鳴った」(すわったとたんにでんわがなった). The moment he left, it started raining「彼が出た途端に雨が降り始めた」(かれがでたとたんにあめがふりはじめた). This word emphasizes the immediacy of the second action following the first.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2486

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ride, Appear

Reading

Kanji

載Load, Publish

Explanation

The Japanese verb '載る (のる)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to appear', often used in the context of being published or featured in media, such as newspapers, magazines, or websites. For example: my article appeared in the newspaper「私の記事が新聞に載った」(わたしのきじがしんぶんにのった). The second meaning is 'to ride', but this is less common and typically refers to objects being placed or loaded onto something, such as a vehicle or platform. For example: the luggage is riding on the truck「荷物がトラックに載っている」(にもつがトラックにのっている). Note that this verb is distinct from '乗る (のる)', which specifically means 'to ride' in the context of a person boarding a vehicle or animal.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2495

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fall, Collapse

Reading

Kanji

倒Topple, Overthrow

Explanation

The Japanese verb '倒れる (たおれる)' primarily means 'to collapse' or 'to fall'. It is used to describe something or someone falling over, collapsing, or being knocked down. This verb can be applied to physical objects, structures, or people. For example: The tree collapsed due to the strong wind「強い風で木が倒れた」(つよいかぜできがたおれた). He fell unconscious after the accident「彼は事故の後、倒れた」(かれはじこのあと、たおれた). Additionally, '倒れる' can also be used metaphorically to describe the failure or downfall of organizations, systems, or plans. For instance: The company collapsed due to financial problems「その会社は財政問題で倒れた」(そのかいしゃはざいせいもんだいでたおれた).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2500

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Love

Reading

Kanji

恋Love, Romance

Explanation

The Japanese noun '恋 (こい)' refers to romantic love or being in love. It specifically describes the deep emotional attachment or affection one feels towards another person, often with a focus on the passionate or longing aspects of love. This term is commonly used in contexts involving romantic relationships, crushes, or unrequited love. For example: I am in love with her「彼女に恋をしている」(かのじょにこいをしている). This is a love song「これは恋の歌です」(これはこいのうたです). Note that '恋' is distinct from other types of love, such as familial love (愛, あい), and often carries a sense of yearning or desire.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2515

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Resonate

Reading

Kanji

響Echo, Reverberate

Explanation

The Japanese verb '響く (ひびく)' means 'to resonate' or 'to reverberate'. It is used to describe sounds that echo or carry over a distance, or to describe something that has a profound impact or influence. For example: the sound of the bell resonates through the valley「鐘の音が谷に響く」(かねのおとがたににひびく). His words resonated deeply with me「彼の言葉が私に深く響いた」(かれのことばがわたしにふかくひびいた). This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe how actions or events have a lasting effect or influence on people or situations.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2524

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Counter

Reading

Kanji

匹Equal, Counter for animals

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '匹 (ひき)' is a counter used for small animals, such as cats, dogs, fish, and insects. It is one of the most common counters in Japanese and is essential for counting animals. The reading 'ひき' changes depending on the number it follows due to rendaku (voicing) and phonetic rules. For example: one cat「猫一匹」(ねこいっぴき), two dogs「犬二匹」(いぬにひき), three fish「魚三匹」(さかなさんびき). Note that the counter does not change based on the size of the animal, but rather the category (small animals). This suffix is widely used in everyday conversation and is a fundamental part of Japanese counting systems.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2546

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hobby

Reading

Kanji

趣Gist, Flavor 味Flavor

Explanation

The Japanese noun '趣味 (しゅみ)' means 'hobby'. It refers to activities or interests that one enjoys doing in their free time. This word is commonly used to describe personal interests, such as sports, arts, or collecting items. For example: My hobby is reading books「私の趣味は本を読むことです」(わたしのしゅみはほんをよむことです). What is your hobby?「あなたの趣味は何ですか？」(あなたのしゅみはなんですか？). The word can also imply a sense of personal taste or preference, as in '趣味が良い (しゅみがいい)' meaning 'to have good taste'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2556

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Therapy

Reading

Kanji

療Cure, Heal 法Law, Method

Explanation

The Japanese noun '療法 (りょうほう)' means 'therapy'. It refers to a method or treatment used to heal or alleviate a medical condition, illness, or disorder. This word is often used in medical or therapeutic contexts and can be combined with other words to specify the type of therapy, such as '物理療法 (ぶつりりょうほう)' (physical therapy) or '心理療法 (しんりりょうほう)' (psychological therapy). Example sentences: She is undergoing therapy for her back pain「彼女は腰痛の療法を受けている」(かのじょはようつうのりょうほうをうけている). This therapy is very effective「この療法はとても効果的です」(このりょうほうはとてもこうかてきです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2558

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Item

Reading

Kanji

項Clause, Paragraph 目Eye

Explanation

The Japanese noun '項目 (こうもく)' means 'item' and is commonly used to refer to a specific entry, point, or topic in a list, document, or discussion. It is often used in formal or technical contexts, such as in reports, forms, or agendas. For example: Please check each item on the list「リストの各項目を確認してください」(リストのかくこうもくをかくにんしてください). The agenda has five items「議題は五つの項目があります」(ぎだいはいつつのこうもくがあります). This word is particularly useful when organizing or categorizing information.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2564

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Senior

Reading

Kanji

先Before, Previous 輩Fellow, Comrade

Explanation

The Japanese noun '先輩 (せんぱい)' refers to someone who is senior to you in age, experience, or status, particularly in school, work, or a group. It is commonly used to address or refer to someone who has been in an organization or field longer than you. For example: My senior at work is very kind「私の先輩はとても親切です」(わたしのせんぱいはとてもしんせつです). I respect my senior「私は先輩を尊敬しています」(わたしはせんぱいをそんけいしています). This term is deeply rooted in Japanese culture, emphasizing respect and hierarchy in relationships.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2581

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sweat

Reading

Kanji

汗Sweat

Explanation

The Japanese noun '汗 (あせ)' means 'sweat'. It refers to the moisture exuded through the pores of the skin, typically as a result of physical exertion, heat, or nervousness. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation and can be found in various contexts, such as describing physical activity, weather conditions, or emotional states. For example: I wiped the sweat from my forehead「額の汗を拭いた」(ひたいのあせをふいた). After running, I was covered in sweat「走った後、汗だくになった」(はしったあと、あせだくになった). It's also used metaphorically to describe hard work or effort, as in 'sweating over a task'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2589

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Scent

Reading

Kanji

香Fragrance

Explanation

The Japanese noun '香り (かおり)' refers to a pleasant smell or fragrance. It is commonly used to describe the aroma of flowers, food, or other pleasant odors. For example: the scent of roses is lovely「バラの香りは素敵です」(ばらのかおりはすてきです). I love the scent of coffee「コーヒーの香りが大好きです」(コーヒーのかおりがだいすきです). This word is often associated with positive and soothing smells, and it can be used in both casual and formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2622

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Demand

Reading

Kanji

需Demand, Need 要Important, Need

Explanation

The Japanese noun '需要 (じゅよう)' means 'demand'. It is commonly used in economic, business, and market contexts to refer to the desire or need for goods, services, or resources. For example: the demand for electric cars is increasing「電気自動車の需要が増えている」(でんきじどうしゃのじゅようがふえている). There is high demand for skilled workers「熟練労働者の需要が高い」(じゅくれんろうどうしゃのじゅようがたかい). This word is often paired with '供給 (きょうきゅう)' (supply) to discuss market dynamics, as in 'supply and demand'「需要と供給」(じゅようときょうきゅう).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2626

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

That guy

Reading

Kanji

彼Third person pronoun, He 奴Servant, Dude

Explanation

The Japanese pronoun '彼奴 (あいつ)' is a colloquial and somewhat derogatory term used to refer to a person, typically meaning 'that guy' or 'that person'. It carries a nuance of disdain or contempt, and is often used when the speaker feels negatively towards the person being referred to. For example: I can't stand that guy「あいつが我慢できない」(あいつががまんできない). That guy is always causing trouble「あいつはいつも問題を起こしている」(あいつはいつももんだいをおこしている). It's important to note that this term is informal and can be considered rude, so it should be used with caution, especially in polite or formal settings.

Part Of Speech

pronoun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2652

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Contrarily

Reading

Kanji

却Instead, Eliminate

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '却って (かえって)' means 'contrarily' or 'on the contrary'. It is used to indicate that the result of an action or situation is the opposite of what was expected. This word often carries a nuance of surprise or irony. For example: I thought it would help, but it made things worse「助かると思ったが、却って悪くなった」(たすかるおもったが、かえってわるくなった). The medicine didn't make me feel better; on the contrary, it made me feel worse「薬を飲んだが、却って気分が悪くなった」(くすりをのんだが、かえってきぶんがわるくなった). This adverb is commonly used in both spoken and written Japanese to express unexpected outcomes.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2684

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Great, Respectable

Reading

Kanji

偉Great, Admirable

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '偉い (えらい)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'great', often used to describe someone who has achieved something significant or holds a high status. For example: he is a great person「彼は偉い人だ」(かれはえらいひとだ). The second meaning is 'respectable', used to describe someone who is admirable or deserving of respect. For example: she is a respectable teacher「彼女は偉い先生だ」(かのじょはえらいせんせいだ). It can also be used sarcastically or humorously to describe someone who has done something unexpected or over-the-top. For example: you really went and did that? You're something else!「本当にやったの？偉いね！」(ほんとうにやったの？えらいね！).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2707

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Boyfriend

Reading

Kanji

彼Third person pronoun, He 氏Family name

Explanation

The Japanese noun '彼氏 (かれし)' means 'boyfriend'. It is a commonly used term to refer to a male romantic partner. This word is casual and is often used in everyday conversation. For example: My boyfriend is kind「私の彼氏は優しい」(わたしのかれしはやさしい). I went to the movies with my boyfriend「彼氏と映画に行った」(かれしとえいがにいった). It is important to note that '彼氏' is specifically used for romantic relationships and not for male friends in general. The term '彼 (かれ)' can also mean 'he' or 'boyfriend', but '彼氏' is more commonly used to clearly indicate a romantic relationship.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2710

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Width, Range

Reading

Kanji

幅Width

Explanation

The Japanese noun '幅 (はば)' primarily means 'width', referring to the measurement of something from side to side. It can also mean 'range', indicating the extent or scope of something. For example: The width of the river is 10 meters「川の幅は10メートルです」(かわのはばはじゅうメートルです). There is a wide range of opinions「意見の幅が広いです」(いけんのはばがひろいです). This word is versatile and can be used in various contexts to describe physical dimensions or the extent of abstract concepts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2725

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Free time

Reading

Kanji

暇Free time, Spare time

Explanation

The Japanese noun '暇 (ひま)' means 'free time' or 'leisure'. It refers to a period when one is not occupied with work or other obligations. This word is often used to describe having time to relax or do something enjoyable. For example: I have free time today「今日は暇です」(きょうはひまです). What do you do in your free time?「暇なときは何をしますか？」(ひまなときはなにをしますか？). It can also imply boredom or having nothing to do, as in 'I'm bored'「暇だ」(ひまだ). The nuance can vary depending on context, so it's important to consider the tone and situation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2727

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shine

Reading

Kanji

輝Radiance, Shine brilliantly

Explanation

The Japanese verb '輝く (かがやく)' means 'to shine' or 'to sparkle'. It is often used to describe something that emits light or has a radiant appearance, such as stars, jewels, or even a person's eyes. It can also be used metaphorically to describe someone who stands out due to their talent, success, or positive qualities. Example sentences: The stars shine brightly in the night sky「夜空に星が輝く」(よぞらにほしがかがやく). Her smile sparkles with joy「彼女の笑顔は喜びで輝いている」(かのじょのえがおはよろこびでかがやいている). The athlete shone in the competition「その選手は競技で輝いた」(そのせんしゅはきょうぎでかがやいた).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2761

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Earthquake

Reading

Kanji

地Ground 震Quake

Explanation

The Japanese noun '地震 (じしん)' means 'earthquake'. It refers to the shaking of the surface of the Earth resulting from a sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere. This word is commonly used in news reports, safety instructions, and everyday conversations in Japan, a country prone to seismic activity. Example sentences: There was an earthquake yesterday「昨日、地震がありました」(きのう、じしんがありました). The earthquake was very strong「その地震はとても強かった」(そのじしんはとてもつよかった).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2769

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Trace, Remains

Reading

Kanji

跡Trace, Traces

Explanation

The Japanese noun '跡 (あと)' can mean 'trace' or 'remains'. It refers to something left behind, such as evidence, marks, or remnants of something that was once present. For example: the trace of footsteps「足跡の跡」(あしあとのあと). The remains of an ancient city「古代都市の跡」(こだいとしのあと). This word is often used to describe physical evidence or historical remnants, and it can also metaphorically refer to the aftermath or consequences of an event.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2776

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sharp

Reading

Kanji

鋭Sharp

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '鋭い (するどい)' primarily means 'sharp'. This can refer to physical sharpness, such as a knife or blade, but it is also commonly used to describe mental sharpness, keen senses, or intense emotions. For example: a sharp knife「鋭いナイフ」(するどいナイフ). He has a sharp mind「彼は鋭い頭脳を持っている」(かれはするどいずのうをもっている). The word can also describe something piercing or intense, like a sharp pain or a sharp gaze. For instance: a sharp pain「鋭い痛み」(するどいいたみ). It is important to note that '鋭い' is often used metaphorically to describe abstract qualities, such as sharp wit or keen observation.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2780

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Gist

Reading

Kanji

旨Purport, Delicious

Explanation

The Japanese noun '旨 (むね)' refers to the main point, gist, or essence of something. It is often used to summarize or convey the core idea of a statement, document, or conversation. For example: I understood the gist of the story「話の旨が分かった」(はなしのむねがわかった). The gist of the letter is that he is coming「手紙の旨は彼が来るということだ」(てがみのむねはかれがくるということだ). This word is commonly used in formal or written contexts to emphasize the central meaning of a communication.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2801

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Audit

Reading

Kanji

監Oversee 査Investigate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '監査 (かんさ)' refers to an 'audit', which is a systematic examination or review of financial records, processes, or systems to ensure accuracy, compliance, or efficiency. This term is commonly used in business, finance, and legal contexts. For example: The company conducted an internal audit「会社は内部監査を行った」(かいしゃはないぶかんさをおこなった). The audit revealed discrepancies in the accounts「監査により帳簿の不一致が明らかになった」(かんさによりちょうぼのふいっちがあきらかになった). It is important to note that '監査' often implies a formal or official review process.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2804

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Passive

Reading

Kanji

被Incur, Be subjected to

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '被 (ひ)' is used to indicate a passive or receptive state, often implying that the subject is affected by an action rather than initiating it. It is commonly used in formal or technical contexts, such as legal or academic language. For example: the victim was injured「被害者がけがをした」(ひがいしゃがけがをした). The company suffered damages「会社が被害を受けた」(かいしゃがひがいをうけた). This prefix is often attached to nouns to form compound words that describe situations where someone or something is on the receiving end of an action.

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2819

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Control

Reading

Kanji

制System, Control 御Honorable, General honorific term

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '制御 (せいぎょ)' means 'control'. It refers to the act of managing, regulating, or directing something, often used in technical, mechanical, or abstract contexts. For example: controlling the temperature「温度を制御する」(おんどをせいぎょする). The system controls the flow of water「システムが水の流れを制御する」(システムがみずのながれをせいぎょする). This word is commonly used in engineering, computing, and everyday situations where regulation or management is required.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2827

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Skin

Reading

Kanji

皮Skin 膚Skin

Explanation

The Japanese noun '皮膚 (ひふ)' refers to the outer covering of the body, commonly known as 'skin'. It is used in both medical and everyday contexts to describe the physical layer that protects the body. For example: My skin is dry「私の皮膚は乾燥している」(わたしのひふはかんそうしている). The skin is the largest organ of the body「皮膚は体の中で一番大きな器官です」(ひふはからだのなかでいちばんおおきなきかんです). The word can also be used in compound terms, such as '皮膚科 (ひふか)' (dermatology).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2829

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shade, Shadow

Reading

Kanji

陰Shade

Explanation

The Japanese noun '陰 (かげ)' primarily refers to 'shadow' or 'shade'. It describes the dark area or shape produced by an object blocking light. This word can also carry metaphorical meanings, such as the hidden or less visible aspects of something. For example: The tree casts a shadow「木が陰を作る」(きがかげをつくる). Let's rest in the shade「陰で休みましょう」(かげでやすみましょう). In some contexts, it can imply something concealed or not directly visible, such as in '陰で働く (かげではたらく)' meaning 'to work behind the scenes'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2832

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tatami

Reading

Kanji

畳Tatami, Fold up

Explanation

The Japanese noun '畳 (たたみ)' refers to 'tatami', which are traditional Japanese straw mats used as flooring material in homes and other buildings. Tatami mats are typically made of woven straw and have a soft, yet firm texture. They are a defining feature of traditional Japanese rooms and are often associated with Japanese culture and aesthetics. For example: The room has tatami flooring「その部屋は畳の床です」(そのへやはたたみのゆかです). I sat on the tatami mat「畳の上に座りました」(たたみのうえにすわりました). Tatami mats are often measured in '畳 (じょう)', a unit that represents the size of one tatami mat, which is roughly 1.65 square meters.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2841

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Column

Reading

Kanji

欄Column

Explanation

The Japanese noun '欄 (らん)' refers to a 'column' or 'section' in a document, form, or publication. It is commonly used to describe a specific area designated for particular information, such as in a newspaper, spreadsheet, or application form. For example: Please fill in the name column「名前欄を記入してください」(なまえらんをきにゅうしてください). The article is in the sports column「その記事はスポーツ欄にあります」(そのきじはスポーツらんにあります). This word is often used in contexts where information is organized into distinct sections.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2843

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Call, Claim

Reading

Kanji

称Appellation

Explanation

The Japanese verb '称する (しょうする)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to call' or 'to name', often used when referring to something by a specific title or name. The second meaning is 'to claim', typically used when someone asserts something about themselves or others, sometimes with a sense of exaggeration or formality. For example: He calls himself a genius「彼は天才と称する」(かれはてんさいとしょうする). The group claims to have a thousand members「そのグループは千人を称する」(そのグループはせんにんをしょうする). This verb is often used in formal or written contexts and can carry a nuance of self-importance or grandiosity depending on the situation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2864

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Put, Include

Reading

Kanji

込Put in, Crowded

Explanation

The Japanese verb '込める (こめる)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'to put (something) into' or 'to fill (something) with', often used when referring to physically placing something into a container or space. For example: I put my feelings into the letter「手紙に気持ちを込めた」(てがみにきもちをこめた). The second meaning is 'to include' or 'to incorporate', often used in a more abstract sense. For example: This plan includes everyone's opinions「この計画には皆の意見が込められている」(このけいかくにはみんなのいけんがこめられている). The verb is versatile and can be used in both literal and figurative contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2872

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Net

Reading

Kanji

網Net, Netting

Explanation

The Japanese noun '網 (あみ)' refers to a 'net', typically used for catching fish, insects, or other purposes like sports (e.g., a volleyball net). It can also metaphorically describe a network or web-like structure. For example: I caught a fish with a net「網で魚を捕まえた」(あみでさかなをつかまえた). The spider spun a web「蜘蛛が網を張った」(くもがあみをはった). In some contexts, it can also refer to a network, such as a communication network「通信網」(つうしんもう).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2892

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Execution

Reading

Kanji

執Seize, Execute 行Go

Explanation

The Japanese noun '執行 (しっこう)' refers to the act of carrying out or enforcing something, such as a law, plan, or decision. It is often used in formal or legal contexts. For example: the execution of the plan「計画の執行」(けいかくのしっこう). The execution of the law「法律の執行」(ほうりつのしっこう). This term can also be used in contexts like the execution of a will or the enforcement of a court order. It is important to note that this word carries a formal tone and is typically used in professional or official settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2893

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

End, Edge

Reading

Kanji

端End, Edge

Explanation

The Japanese noun '端 (はし)' can mean either 'edge' or 'end', depending on the context. When referring to 'edge', it describes the outermost part or boundary of something, such as the edge of a table or a cliff. For example: the edge of the table「テーブルの端」(テーブルのはし). When referring to 'end', it signifies the conclusion or extremity of something, like the end of a road or a story. For example: the end of the road「道の端」(みちのはし). It's important to note that '端' can also imply a starting point or a fragment, depending on the context. For example: a fragment of a conversation「会話の端」(かいわのはし).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2905

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Suppress, Hold

Reading

Kanji

押Push, Press down

Explanation

The Japanese verb '押さえる (おさえる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to hold' or 'to press down', often used to describe physically holding something in place or restraining it. For example: Hold the paper down while I write「紙を押さえてください」(かみをおさえてください). The second meaning is 'to suppress' or 'to control', used in contexts like suppressing emotions or controlling a situation. For example: He suppressed his anger「彼は怒りを押さえた」(かれはおこりをおさえた). The verb is versatile and can be used in both literal and figurative contexts, making it important to consider the surrounding words for accurate interpretation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2906

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sweets

Reading

Kanji

菓Fruit, Cake 子Child

Explanation

The Japanese noun '菓子 (かし)' refers to 'sweets' or 'confectionery'. It is commonly used to describe traditional Japanese sweets (和菓子, わがし) or Western-style sweets (洋菓子, ようがし). This word is often used in contexts related to snacks, desserts, or treats. For example: I bought some sweets「菓子を買いました」(かしをかいました). These sweets are delicious「この菓子は美味しいです」(このかしはおいしいです). The term can also refer to snacks in general, not just sweet items, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2915

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fear

Reading

Kanji

恐Fear

Explanation

The Japanese noun '恐れ (おそれ)' means 'fear' or 'anxiety'. It refers to a feeling of being afraid or worried about something that might happen. This word is often used in formal or serious contexts, such as expressing concern about potential negative outcomes. For example: There is a fear of rain tomorrow「明日は雨の恐れがある」(あしたはあめのおそれがある). I fear that he might not come「彼が来ない恐れがある」(かれがこないおそれがある). It can also be used to describe a sense of reverence or awe, particularly in contexts involving nature or the divine, though this usage is less common in modern Japanese.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2927

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lover

Reading

Kanji

恋Love, Romance 人Person

Explanation

The Japanese noun '恋人 (こいびと)' refers to a person with whom one is in a romantic relationship, commonly translated as 'lover' or 'sweetheart'. It is used to describe someone you are dating or in a committed romantic relationship with. This term carries a sense of affection and intimacy. For example: She is my lover「彼女は私の恋人です」(かのじょはわたしのこいびとです). I want to meet my lover「恋人に会いたい」(こいびとにあいたい). The word is neutral in tone and can be used in both casual and formal contexts, though it is more commonly used in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2932

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Battle

Reading

Kanji

戦Fight, War 闘Fight, Struggle

Explanation

The Japanese noun '戦闘 (せんとう)' means 'battle' or 'combat'. It refers to a fight or conflict between armed forces, often in a war or military context. This word is commonly used in discussions about military operations, historical battles, or even metaphorical battles in non-physical contexts. For example: The battle was intense「戦闘は激しかった」(せんとうははげしかった). They engaged in combat「彼らは戦闘に参加した」(かれらはせんとうにさんかした). Note that '戦闘' is a formal term and is typically used in serious or professional contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2933

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Payment

Reading

Kanji

支Branch, Support 払Pay, Drive away

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '支払い (しはらい)' means 'payment'. It refers to the act of paying money for goods, services, or debts. This word is commonly used in financial, business, and everyday contexts. For example: I made the payment yesterday「昨日、支払いをしました」(きのう、しはらいをしました). The payment is due next week「支払いは来週です」(しはらいはらいしゅうです). It can also be used in compound words like '支払い方法 (しはらいほうほう)' (payment method) or '支払い期限 (しはらいきげん)' (payment deadline).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2955

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Consideration

Reading

Kanji

配Distribute 慮Consider

Explanation

The Japanese noun '配慮 (はいりょ)' means 'consideration' or 'thoughtfulness'. It refers to the act of giving careful thought to the needs, feelings, or circumstances of others. This word is often used in contexts where someone is being mindful or attentive to the well-being of others. For example: He showed consideration for her feelings「彼は彼女の気持ちに配慮した」(かれはかのじょのきもちにはいりょした). The company takes environmental considerations seriously「その会社は環境への配慮を重視している」(そのかいしゃはかんきょうへのはいりょをじゅうししている). It is important to note that '配慮' is often used in formal or professional settings to describe thoughtful actions or policies.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2962

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sphere, Region

Reading

Kanji

圏Sphere, Range

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '圏 (けん)' is used to denote a sphere, region, or area, often in a geographical, cultural, or conceptual sense. It is commonly attached to nouns to specify a particular area or domain. For example: the economic sphere「経済圏」(けいざいけん). The metropolitan area「首都圏」(しゅとけん). The influence sphere「影響圏」(えいきょうけん). This suffix is versatile and can be used in various contexts to describe boundaries or areas of influence.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2963

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hide

Reading

Kanji

隠Hide

Explanation

The Japanese verb '隠れる (かくれる)' means 'to hide'. It is used to describe the action of concealing oneself or something from view. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as physically hiding, being hidden by something, or even metaphorically hiding emotions or intentions. For example: The child hid behind the tree「子供は木の後ろに隠れた」(こどもはきのうしろにかくれた). The sun is hidden behind the clouds「太陽は雲の後ろに隠れている」(たいようはくものうしろにかくれている). It is important to note that '隠れる' often implies that the subject is hidden by something else, rather than actively hiding themselves.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2976

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bloom

Reading

Kanji

咲Bloom, Blossom

Explanation

The Japanese verb '咲く (さく)' means 'to bloom' or 'to flower'. It is specifically used to describe the blooming of flowers, such as cherry blossoms, roses, or other plants. This verb is often used in contexts related to nature, seasons, and beauty. For example: The cherry blossoms are blooming「桜が咲いている」(さくらがさいている). The flowers in the garden bloomed beautifully「庭の花がきれいに咲いた」(にわのはながきれいにさいた). Note that this verb is intransitive, meaning it does not take a direct object.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2983

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Comic

Reading

Kanji

漫Loose, Comic 画Picture

Explanation

The Japanese noun '漫画 (まんが)' refers to 'comic' or 'manga', which are graphic novels or comic books originating from Japan. Manga covers a wide range of genres and appeals to various age groups. It is a significant part of Japanese culture and has a global fanbase. Example sentences: I read a comic yesterday「昨日漫画を読みました」(きのうまんがをよみました). This comic is interesting「この漫画は面白い」(このまんがはおもしろい). Manga can be serialized in magazines or published as standalone books, and they often have distinctive art styles and storytelling techniques.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3012

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fat

Reading

Kanji

脂Fat, Grease 肪Fat, Obese

Explanation

The Japanese noun '脂肪 (しぼう)' refers to 'fat', specifically the biological substance found in the bodies of humans and animals, or the fatty component in food. It is commonly used in both medical and everyday contexts. For example: This food contains a lot of fat「この食べ物は脂肪が多い」(このたべものはしぼうがおおい). Exercise helps burn fat「運動は脂肪を燃やす」(うんどうはしぼうをもやす). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe excess or unnecessary elements, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3016

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Float

Reading

Kanji

浮Float

Explanation

The Japanese verb '浮かべる (うかべる)' primarily means 'to float' or 'to cause something to float'. It is used when describing something that is made to rise to the surface of a liquid or to hover in the air. This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe bringing something to mind, such as an idea or memory. For example: she floated a paper boat on the water「彼女は紙の船を水に浮かべた」(かのじょはかみのふねをみずにうかべた). A smile floated on his face「彼の顔に笑みが浮かんだ」(かれのかおにえみがうかんだ). The verb is often used in both literal and figurative contexts, making it versatile in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3026

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Moreover, Further

Reading

Kanji

更Renew, Grow late

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '更に (さらに)' has two primary meanings. First, it can mean 'further' or 'in addition,' indicating an increase in degree, quantity, or intensity. For example: He studied further to improve his skills「彼はさらに勉強してスキルを向上させた」(かれはさらにべんきょうしてスキルをこうじょうさせた). Second, it can mean 'moreover' or 'furthermore,' used to introduce additional information or emphasize a point. For example: Moreover, the weather was terrible「さらに、天気はひどかった」(さらに、てんきはひどかった). This adverb is versatile and often used in both formal and informal contexts to add emphasis or provide additional details.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3028

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Treatment, Handling

Reading

Kanji

扱Handle

Explanation

The Japanese noun '扱い (あつかい)' refers to the way something or someone is handled or treated. It can describe the management of objects, situations, or people. For example: careful handling of fragile items「壊れやすい物の丁寧な扱い」(こわれやすいもののていねいなあつかい). The treatment of employees at that company is unfair「あの会社の従業員の扱いは不公平だ」(あのかいしゃのじゅうぎょういんのあつかいはふこうへいだ). Note that '扱い' can also imply the way someone is dealt with in a social or professional context, such as respect or disregard.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3035

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Look

Reading

Kanji

御Honorable, General honorific term 覧Look, Perusal

Explanation

The Japanese noun '御覧 (ごらん)' is a polite form of the verb '見る (みる)', meaning 'to look' or 'to see'. It is often used in formal or respectful contexts to ask someone to look at something or to indicate that someone is viewing something. For example: Please take a look at this「これを御覧ください」(これをごらんください). Have you seen this movie?「この映画を御覧になりましたか？」(このえいがをごらんになりましたか？). The term is also used in set phrases like '御覧の通り (ごらんのとおり)', meaning 'as you can see'. It carries a nuance of politeness and respect, making it suitable for formal conversations or when addressing someone of higher status.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3047

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Delay

Reading

Kanji

遅Slow, Late

Explanation

The Japanese verb '遅らす (おくらす)' means 'to delay' or 'to postpone'. It is used when someone intentionally causes something to happen later than originally planned. This verb is transitive, meaning it requires a direct object. For example: He delayed the meeting「彼は会議を遅らせた」(かれはかいぎをおくらせた). The teacher postponed the exam「先生は試験を遅らせた」(せんせいはしけんをおくらせた). Note that '遅らす' is often used in formal or written contexts, and it implies a deliberate action to delay something.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3088

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

There

Reading

Kanji

彼Third person pronoun, He 処Deal with

Explanation

The Japanese pronoun '彼処 (かしこ)' means 'there' and is used to refer to a place that is distant from both the speaker and the listener. It is a formal or literary term and is less commonly used in everyday conversation compared to 'そこ' or 'あそこ'. For example: The book is over there「本は彼処にあります」(ほんはかしこにあります). She went there「彼女は彼処に行きました」(かのじょはかしこにいきました). Note that '彼処' can also carry a sense of reverence or formality, often used in written or ceremonial contexts.

Part Of Speech

pronoun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3098

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tremble

Reading

Kanji

震Quake

Explanation

The Japanese verb '震える (ふるえる)' means 'to tremble' or 'to shiver'. It is used to describe physical shaking due to cold, fear, excitement, or other strong emotions. It can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is unstable or shaky. Example sentences: She trembled with fear「彼女は恐怖で震えた」(かのじょはきょうふでふるえた). The leaves trembled in the wind「葉っぱが風で震えた」(はっぱがかぜでふるえた). The ground trembled during the earthquake「地震で地面が震えた」(じしんでじめんがふるえた).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3110

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Yonder

Reading

Kanji

彼Third person pronoun, He 方Direction

Explanation

The Japanese pronoun '彼方 (かなた)' refers to a distant place or direction, often implying something far away or beyond immediate sight. It carries a poetic or literary nuance and is commonly used in formal or artistic contexts. For example: the stars in yonder sky「彼方の空の星」(かなたのそらのほし). The mountains in the distance「彼方の山々」(かなたのやまやま). This word is often used to evoke a sense of mystery or longing for something unreachable.

Part Of Speech

pronoun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3131

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Blow

Reading

Kanji

吹Breathe out, Blow

Explanation

The Japanese verb '吹く (ふく)' primarily means 'to blow'. This verb is used to describe the action of air or wind moving, such as 'the wind is blowing'「風が吹く」(かぜがふく). It can also be used metaphorically or in other contexts, such as blowing a musical instrument like a flute 'flute is blowing'「フルートを吹く」(ふるーとをふく). Additionally, '吹く' can be used to describe something that suddenly appears or occurs, like a rash or a rumor, though this usage is less common. For example: a rumor is spreading「噂が吹く」(うわさがふく).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3137

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dance

Reading

Kanji

踊Dance

Explanation

The Japanese verb '踊る (おどる)' means 'to dance'. It refers to the physical act of dancing, often in a rhythmic or artistic manner. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as traditional Japanese dance, modern dance, or even casual dancing at a party. For example: She dances beautifully「彼女は美しく踊る」(かのじょはうつくしくおどる). Let's dance together「一緒に踊りましょう」(いっしょにおどりましょう). The verb can also be used metaphorically to describe something moving in a way that resembles dancing, such as leaves dancing in the wind「風に踊る葉っぱ」(かぜにおどるはっぱ).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3146

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dependence

Reading

Kanji

依Reliant, Depend on 存Exist, Suppose

Explanation

The Japanese noun '依存 (いぞん)' means 'dependence'. It refers to a state of relying on or being controlled by something or someone else. This term is often used in contexts such as addiction, reliance on substances, or emotional dependence. For example: He has a dependence on alcohol「彼はアルコールに依存している」(かれはアルコールにいぞんしている). The country's dependence on foreign oil is increasing「その国の外国産石油への依存が増えている」(そのくにのがいこくさんせきゆへのいぞんがふえている). It can also be used in psychological or social contexts to describe reliance on others for emotional support or decision-making.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3152

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ceiling

Reading

Kanji

天Heaven 井Well

Explanation

The Japanese noun '天井 (てんじょう)' refers to the ceiling of a room or structure. It is commonly used to describe the upper interior surface of a space. For example: the ceiling is high「天井が高い」(てんじょうがたかい). The light is attached to the ceiling「照明が天井に取り付けられている」(しょうめいがてんじょうにとりつけられている). In some contexts, it can also metaphorically represent a limit or boundary, such as in financial or performance terms, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3161

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Manuscript

Reading

Kanji

原Meadow, Original 稿Manuscript, Draft

Explanation

The Japanese noun '原稿 (げんこう)' refers to a 'manuscript' or 'draft'. It is commonly used to describe a written document, such as a draft of a book, article, or speech, before it is finalized or published. For example: I finished writing the manuscript「原稿を書き終えました」(げんこうをかきおえました). Please submit your manuscript by tomorrow「明日までに原稿を提出してください」(あしたまでにげんこうをていしゅつしてください). This word is often used in professional or academic contexts, such as publishing, journalism, or writing.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3197

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Decorate

Reading

Kanji

飾Decorate

Explanation

The Japanese verb '飾る (かざる)' means 'to decorate' or 'to adorn'. It is used when embellishing or beautifying something, such as a room, a cake, or even oneself. This verb can be applied to both physical objects and abstract concepts. For example: She decorated the room with flowers「彼女は部屋を花で飾った」(かのじょはへやをはなでかざった). He adorned himself with jewelry「彼は宝石で身を飾った」(かれはほうせきでみをかざった). The verb can also imply adding something to enhance appearance or value, as in 'to embellish a story'「話を飾る」(はなしをかざる).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3210

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Year end

Reading

Kanji

歳Year, Years old 末End

Explanation

The Japanese noun '歳末 (さいまつ)' refers to the end of the year, particularly the period leading up to the New Year. This term is often used in contexts related to year-end activities, such as cleaning, shopping, or preparing for celebrations. It carries a sense of closure and preparation for the upcoming year. Example sentences: The year-end sales are starting「歳末セールが始まります」(さいまつセールがはじまります). We are busy with year-end preparations「歳末の準備で忙しい」(さいまつのじゅんびでいそがしい).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3229

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Newlywed

Reading

Kanji

新New 婚Marriage

Explanation

The Japanese noun '新婚 (しんこん)' refers to the state of being newly married, specifically describing a couple who have recently entered into marriage. It is often used to describe the period shortly after marriage, typically characterized by happiness and adjustment to married life. For example: They are newlyweds「彼らは新婚です」(かれらはしんこんです). The newlywed couple went on a honeymoon「新婚夫婦はハネムーンに行きました」(しんこんふうふはハネムーンにいきました). This term is commonly used in contexts related to marriage, relationships, and celebrations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3245

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Engagement

Reading

Kanji

婚Marriage 約Promise, Approximately

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '婚約 (こんやく)' refers to the state of being engaged to be married. It is used to describe the formal agreement or promise to marry someone. This term is often used in formal contexts, such as announcing an engagement or discussing marriage plans. For example: They announced their engagement「彼らは婚約を発表した」(かれらはこんやくをはっぴょうした). She broke off her engagement「彼女は婚約を解消した」(かのじょはこんやくをかいしょうした). The word can also be used in compound terms like '婚約指輪 (こんやくゆびわ)' (engagement ring).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3246

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rely

Reading

Kanji

頼Ask, Trust

Explanation

The Japanese verb '頼る (たよる)' means 'to rely on' or 'to depend on'. It is used when someone depends on another person, thing, or situation for support or help. This verb often implies a sense of trust or necessity in the reliance. For example: I rely on my friends「私は友達に頼る」(わたしはともだちにたよる). He depends on his parents for money「彼はお金を親に頼る」(かれはおかねをおやにたよる). The verb can also be used in a negative context, such as when someone relies too much on others. Note that '頼る' is often used with the particle 'に' to indicate the person or thing being relied upon.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3255

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Name

Reading

Kanji

名Name 称Appellation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '名称 (めいしょう)' refers to the 'name' or 'title' of something, such as an object, place, or organization. It is often used in formal or official contexts to denote the designated name of an entity. For example: the name of this product is...「この製品の名称は...」(このせいひんのめいしょうは...). The official name of the company is...「会社の正式名称は...」(かいしゃのせいしきめいしょうは...). This word is commonly used in legal, administrative, or technical settings to specify the exact designation of something.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3259

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Trust

Reading

Kanji

信Trust 頼Ask, Trust

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '信頼 (しんらい)' means 'trust'. It refers to a firm belief in the reliability, truth, or ability of someone or something. This word is often used in contexts involving relationships, teamwork, or reliability. For example: I trust my friend「私は友達を信頼している」(わたしはともだちをしんらいしている). Mutual trust is important in a team「チームでの相互信頼は大切です」(チームでのそうごしんらいはたいせつです). The word can also be used in formal or professional settings, such as '信頼関係 (しんらいかんけい)', which means 'relationship of trust'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3267

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Request

Reading

Kanji

依Reliant, Depend on 頼Ask, Trust

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '依頼 (いらい)' means 'request'. It is used to refer to the act of asking someone to do something or to provide a service. This word is commonly used in formal or business contexts, such as when requesting a service from a company or asking someone to complete a task. For example: I made a request to the company「会社に依頼をしました」(かいしゃにいらいをしました). Please accept my request「私の依頼を受け入れてください」(わたしのいらいをうけいれてください). The word can also imply a sense of reliance or dependence on the person being asked, as in '彼に依頼する (かれにいらいする) (to rely on him)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3268

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Violation

Reading

Kanji

違Differ, Different 反Anti

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '違反 (いはん)' means 'violation'. It refers to the act of breaking a rule, law, or agreement. This term is commonly used in legal, social, or formal contexts to describe actions that go against established regulations. For example: He committed a traffic violation「彼は交通違反をした」(かれはこうつういはんをした). Violation of the contract will result in penalties「契約違反は罰則を伴います」(けいやくいはんはばっそくをともないます). Note that '違反' is often used in compound words like '交通違反 (こうつういはん)' (traffic violation) or '契約違反 (けいやくいはん)' (breach of contract).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3301

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Generally

Reading

Kanji

一One 般Sort, Carrier

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '一般に (いっぱんに)' means 'generally' or 'in general'. It is used to indicate that something is true or applicable in most cases or as a general rule. This adverb is often used in formal or academic contexts to make broad statements or generalizations. For example: Generally, Japanese people are polite「一般に、日本人は礼儀正しい」(いっぱんに、にほんじんはれいぎただしい). It is generally believed that exercise is good for health「一般に、運動は健康に良いと考えられている」(いっぱんに、うんどうはけんこうにいいとかんがえられている). The adverb can also be used to introduce a commonly accepted fact or opinion.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3318

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Boy

Reading

Kanji

坊Boy, Sonny

Explanation

The Japanese noun '坊 (ぼう)' is a colloquial term that typically refers to a young boy or a son. It is often used affectionately or informally, and can sometimes carry a slightly playful or teasing tone. For example: my son is a good boy「うちの坊はいい子だ」(うちのぼうはいいこだ). That boy is very energetic「あの坊はとても元気だ」(あのぼうはとてもげんきだ). The term can also be used in compound words, such as '坊ちゃん (ぼっちゃん)', which means 'young master' or 'son of a wealthy family'. It's important to note that while '坊' can be used to refer to boys, it is not as formal as '少年 (しょうねん)' or '男の子 (おとこのこ)', and is more commonly used in casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3326

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Step

Reading

Kanji

踏Step on, Step

Explanation

The Japanese verb '踏む (ふむ)' primarily means 'to step on' or 'to tread on'. It is used when referring to physically stepping on something, such as the ground or an object. It can also be used metaphorically to mean 'to follow' or 'to adhere to' a procedure or rule. For example: I stepped on a bug「虫を踏んだ」(むしをふんだ). Please follow the rules「ルールを踏んでください」(ルールをふんでください). Additionally, '踏む' can be used in idiomatic expressions, such as '踏み出す (ふみだす)', which means 'to step forward' or 'to take the first step'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3327

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Thrust, Poke

Reading

Kanji

突Stab, Dash

Explanation

The Japanese verb '突く (つく)' can mean 'poke' or 'thrust'. It is used to describe the action of pushing something sharply or quickly, often with a pointed object. This verb can be used in both literal and figurative contexts. For example: he poked the balloon with a needle「彼は針で風船を突いた」(かれははりでふうせんをついた). The knight thrust his sword into the enemy「騎士は敵に剣を突いた」(きしはてきにけんをついた). Additionally, '突く' can also be used metaphorically, such as in the phrase 'to poke fun at someone'「人を突く」(ひとをつく).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3332

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Touch

Reading

Kanji

触Touch, Contact

Explanation

The Japanese verb '触る (さわる)' means 'to touch'. It is used when referring to physically touching something with your hands or fingers. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as touching objects, surfaces, or even people. For example: please do not touch the painting「絵に触らないでください」(えにさわらないでください). I touched the cat and it was soft「猫に触ったらふわふわだった」(ねこにさわったらふわふわだった). It's important to note that '触る' implies a gentle or casual touch, and it is often used in situations where the act of touching is significant or noteworthy.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3343

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stay

Reading

Kanji

泊Overnight, Stay overnight

Explanation

The Japanese verb '泊まる (とまる)' means 'to stay' or 'to lodge', typically referring to staying overnight at a place such as a hotel, inn, or someone's home. It is commonly used when talking about accommodations or temporary stays. For example: I stayed at a hotel「ホテルに泊まった」(ほてるにとまった). We will stay at a friend's house「友達の家に泊まる」(ともだちのいえにとまる). This verb is often used in travel or hospitality contexts and implies a temporary stay rather than permanent residence.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3381

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Overwhelm

Reading

Kanji

圧Pressure 倒Topple, Overthrow

Explanation

The Japanese noun '圧倒 (あっとう)' means 'overwhelm'. It refers to a state or action of being overwhelmingly superior or dominant in a particular situation. This word is often used to describe situations where one side has a significant advantage over the other, such as in sports, competitions, or even in emotional contexts. For example: The team's performance was overwhelming「チームのパフォーマンスは圧倒的だった」(チームのパフォーマンスはあっとうてきだった). She was overwhelmed by the beauty of the scenery「彼女は景色の美しさに圧倒された」(かのじょはけしきのうつくしさにあっとうされた). The word can also be used to describe a feeling of being overwhelmed by emotions or circumstances.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3387

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ruins

Reading

Kanji

遺Leave behind 跡Trace, Traces

Explanation

The Japanese noun '遺跡 (いせき)' refers to 'ruins' or 'archaeological remains'. It is commonly used to describe historical sites, ancient structures, or remnants of past civilizations. This word is often associated with places of historical or cultural significance, such as temples, tombs, or settlements. For example: We visited ancient ruins「私たちは古代の遺跡を訪れました」(わたしたちはこだいのいせきをおとずれました). The ruins of the castle are well-preserved「その城の遺跡はよく保存されています」(そのしろのいせきはよくほぞんされています). The term can also be used in academic or archaeological contexts to describe artifacts or sites under study.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3469

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Approximately

Reading

Kanji

凡Common

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '凡そ (およそ)' means 'approximately' or 'roughly'. It is used to indicate an estimate or a general idea rather than an exact figure. This word is often used in contexts where precision is not required or when giving a rough overview. For example: The meeting will take approximately two hours「会議は凡そ二時間かかります」(かいぎはおよそにじかんかかります). Approximately 100 people attended the event「凡そ100人がイベントに参加しました」(およそひゃくにんがイベントにさんかしました). It can also be used to mean 'in general' or 'on the whole', as in: In general, his ideas are good「凡そ、彼のアイデアは良い」(およそ、かれのアイデアはよい).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3479

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Strange, Curious

Reading

Kanji

奇Strange, Unusual 妙Exquisite, Marvelous

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '奇妙 (きみょう)' means 'strange' or 'curious'. It is used to describe something that is unusual, peculiar, or intriguing in a way that stands out from the ordinary. This word often carries a neutral or slightly positive nuance, depending on the context. For example: That story is strange「その話は奇妙だ」(そのはなしはきみょうだ). The machine has a curious mechanism「その機械は奇妙な仕組みを持っている」(そのきかいときみょうなしくみをもっている). Note that '奇妙' is often used to describe situations, objects, or phenomena that evoke a sense of wonder or mystery.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3487

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Foundation

Reading

Kanji

基Base, Fundation 盤Tray, Disk

Explanation

The Japanese noun '基盤 (きばん)' refers to a 'foundation' or 'base' upon which something is built or established. It is often used in both literal and figurative contexts, such as the foundation of a building or the foundational principles of a system. For example: The foundation of this building is strong「この建物の基盤は強い」(このたてもののきばんはつよい). The company's success is built on a solid foundation「その会社の成功はしっかりした基盤の上に築かれている」(そのかいしゃのせいこうはしっかりしたきばんのうえにきずかれている). This word is commonly used in discussions about infrastructure, technology, or organizational structures.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3514

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tower

Reading

Kanji

塔Tower

Explanation

The Japanese noun '塔 (とう)' refers to a 'tower', a tall structure that is often used for observation, communication, or as a landmark. This word is commonly used to describe both historical and modern towers, such as the Tokyo Tower or ancient pagodas. For example: The tower is tall「その塔は高い」(そのとうはたかい). We visited the old tower「私たちは古い塔を訪れた」(わたしたちはふるいとうをおとずれた). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that stands out prominently, like a 'tower of strength'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3544

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Memory

Reading

Kanji

記Record 憶Remember, Speculate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '記憶 (きおく)' means 'memory'. It refers to the mental capacity to store, retain, and recall information or experiences. This word is often used in contexts related to remembering or forgetting something. For example: I have a clear memory of that day「その日の記憶がはっきりしている」(そのひのきおくがはっきりしている). He lost his memory after the accident「彼は事故の後、記憶を失った」(かれはじこのあと、きおくをうしなった). '記憶' can also be used in compound words like '記憶力 (きおくりょく)' (memory power) or '記憶喪失 (きおくそうしつ)' (memory loss).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3569

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Moreover

Reading

Kanji

況Situation, Condition

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '況して (まして)' means 'moreover' or 'even more so'. It is used to emphasize a point, often in situations where something is already true or expected, and another related point is even more so. It is commonly used in comparisons or to strengthen an argument. For example: He can't even run, moreover, he can't jump「彼は走れない、況して跳べない」(かれははしれない、ましてとべない). If adults struggle, moreover, children will find it even harder「大人でも難しい、況して子供にはもっと難しい」(おとなでもむずかしい、ましてこどもにはもっとむずかしい). This word is often used in formal or written contexts to add emphasis.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3591

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Break

Reading

Kanji

壊Demolition, Break down

Explanation

The Japanese verb '壊れる (こわれる)' means 'to break' or 'to be broken'. It is an intransitive verb, meaning it describes something that breaks on its own or becomes non-functional without an external agent being specified. This verb is commonly used for objects, machines, or systems that stop working or become damaged. For example: The watch broke「時計が壊れた」(とけいがこわれた). The computer broke down「パソコンが壊れた」(パソコンがこわれた). Note that '壊れる' implies the state of being broken, whereas '壊す (こわす)' is the transitive form, meaning 'to break something'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3604

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Opposition

Reading

Kanji

対Against 抗Resist, Confront

Explanation

The Japanese noun '対抗 (たいこう)' means 'opposition' or 'rivalry'. It refers to the act of competing against someone or something, often in a direct or confrontational manner. This word is commonly used in contexts such as sports, business, or any situation where there is a competitive relationship. For example: The two teams are in opposition「二つのチームは対抗している」(ふたつのチームはたいこうしている). Our company is in rivalry with theirs「私たちの会社は彼らの会社と対抗している」(わたしたちのかいしゃはかれらのかいしゃとたいこうしている). The word can also imply a sense of resistance or counteraction, as in '対抗策 (たいこうさく) (countermeasure)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3608

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lay

Reading

Kanji

敷Spread, Lay

Explanation

The Japanese verb '敷く (しく)' primarily means 'to lay' or 'to spread out'. It is used when placing something flat over a surface, such as laying down a carpet, spreading out a blanket, or even laying railroad tracks. For example: I laid a carpet in the room「部屋にカーペットを敷いた」(へやにかーぺっとをしいた). They are laying new train tracks「新しい線路を敷いている」(あたらしいせんろをしいている). Additionally, '敷く' can be used metaphorically, such as establishing rules or foundations. For example: The company laid down new rules「会社は新しい規則を敷いた」(かいしゃはあたらしいきそくをしいた).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3610

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting