言Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Kanji JLPT Level

word

Meaning

Corporate bonds

Reading

Kanji

債Debt 社Company

Explanation

The Japanese noun '社債 (しゃさい)' refers to 'corporate bonds', which are debt securities issued by corporations to raise capital. Investors who purchase these bonds lend money to the company in exchange for periodic interest payments and the return of the principal amount at maturity. This term is commonly used in financial and business contexts. For example: The company issued corporate bonds「その会社は社債を発行した」(そのかいしゃはしゃさいをはっこうした). Investing in corporate bonds can be profitable「社債への投資は利益をもたらすことがある」(しゃさいへのとうしはりえきをもたらすことがある).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4048

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Collateral

Reading

Kanji

保Preserve 担Bear, Carry

Explanation

The Japanese noun '担保 (たんぽ)' refers to 'collateral', which is something pledged as security for repayment of a loan. It is commonly used in financial and legal contexts. For example: The bank requires collateral for the loan「銀行はローンに担保を要求する」(ぎんこうはローンにたんぽをようきゅうする). He used his house as collateral「彼は家を担保にした」(かれはいえをたんぽにした). The term is often associated with loans, mortgages, and financial agreements where an asset is used to secure a debt.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4053

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Book

Reading

Kanji

帳Notebook

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '帳 (ちょう)' is commonly used to denote a type of book or notebook, often used for recording or keeping track of information. It is attached to nouns to specify the kind of book, such as a notebook for notes, a ledger, or a registry. For example: a notebook「ノート帳」(ノートちょう), an address book「住所帳」(じゅうしょちょう). This suffix is versatile and can be used in various contexts to refer to different types of books or records, emphasizing its role in organization and documentation.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4056

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Order, Sequence

Reading

Kanji

順Order, Obey 序Beginning, Preface

Explanation

The Japanese noun '順序 (じゅんじょ)' refers to the arrangement or sequence of things, events, or steps. It emphasizes the logical or proper arrangement of elements. For example: Please follow the correct order「正しい順序に従ってください」(ただしいじゅんじょにしたがってください). The sequence of events is important「出来事の順序が重要です」(できごとのじゅんじょがじゅうようです). This word is often used in contexts like instructions, processes, or storytelling to describe the proper or logical flow of actions or events.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4067

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Transparent

Reading

Kanji

明Bright 透Pass through, Transparent

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '透明 (とうめい)' means 'transparent'. It is used to describe something that allows light to pass through so that objects behind can be distinctly seen. It can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is clear or easily understood. For example: The glass is transparent「ガラスは透明だ」(ガラスはとうめいだ). Her intentions were transparent「彼女の意図は透明だった」(かのじょのいとはとうめいだった). This word is often used in both literal and figurative contexts, making it versatile in describing clarity and visibility.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4076

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Certain

Reading

Kanji

某A certain

Explanation

The Japanese noun '某 (ぼう)' is used to refer to a certain or unspecified person, place, or thing. It is often used when the speaker does not want to or cannot specify the exact identity of the subject. For example: a certain person came to visit「某が訪ねてきた」(ぼうがたずねてきた). I heard it from a certain source「某から聞いた」(ぼうからきいた). The word is somewhat formal and is commonly used in written language or formal speech. It can also be used to anonymize or generalize a subject in a narrative or report.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4079

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Formation, Alignment

Reading

Kanji

列File 整Organize

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '整列 (せいれつ)' refers to the act of arranging or organizing things or people in a straight line or orderly manner. It is often used in contexts such as military formations, queues, or organizing objects. For example: The soldiers stood in perfect alignment「兵士たちは完璧に整列していた」(へいしたちはかんぺきにせいれつしていた). Please form a line「整列してください」(せいれつしてください). The books were neatly arranged on the shelf「本は棚に整列していた」(ほんはたなにせいれつしていた). The second meaning, 'formation', is used when referring to the arrangement of people or objects in a specific pattern or structure, such as in military or sports contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4082

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reduction

Reading

Kanji

減Decrease 削Plane, Cut by chipping

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '削減 (さくげん)' means 'reduction'. It refers to the act of decreasing or cutting down something, such as costs, expenses, or quantities. This term is often used in formal or business contexts. For example: The company plans to reduce costs「会社はコスト削減を計画している」(かいしゃはコストさくげんをけいかくしている). The government aims to reduce carbon emissions「政府は炭素排出量の削減を目指している」(せいふはたんそはいしゅつりょうのさくげんをめざしている). Note that '削減' is typically used with nouns to indicate what is being reduced, as in 'コスト削減 (cost reduction)' or '人員削減 (staff reduction)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4085

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Deletion

Reading

Kanji

削Plane, Cut by chipping 除Exclude, Remove

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '削除 (さくじょ)' means 'deletion'. It refers to the act of removing or erasing something, such as data, text, or files. This term is commonly used in contexts involving computers, documents, or records. For example: Please delete this file「このファイルを削除してください」(このファイルをさくじょしてください). The unnecessary data was deleted「不要なデータが削除された」(ふようなデータがさくじょされた). It is important to note that '削除' is often used in formal or technical settings, and it implies a permanent removal rather than temporary hiding or archiving.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4086

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Deadline

Reading

Kanji

締Tighten, Bind 切Cut

Explanation

The Japanese noun '締め切り (しめきり)' refers to a 'deadline'. It is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to indicate the final date or time by which something must be completed or submitted. For example: The deadline is tomorrow「締め切りは明日です」(しめきりはあしたです). I missed the deadline「締め切りに間に合わなかった」(しめきりにまにあわなかった). This word is often used in academic, professional, and personal settings to emphasize the importance of completing tasks on time.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4095

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Close

Reading

Kanji

締Tighten, Bind 切Cut

Explanation

The Japanese verb '締め切る (しめきる)' means 'to close' in the sense of closing an application period, deadline, or entry. It is commonly used in contexts where something is being finalized or concluded, such as closing entries for a contest, applications for a job, or submissions for a project. For example: The application deadline has closed「応募は締め切られました」(おうぼはしめきられました). We will close the entries tomorrow「明日エントリーを締め切ります」(あしたえんとりーをしめきります). This verb is often used in formal or administrative settings and implies a definitive end to a process or opportunity.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4096

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Close, Tighten

Reading

Kanji

締Tighten, Bind

Explanation

The Japanese verb '締まる (しまる)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'to tighten,' which refers to something becoming physically tighter or more secure. For example: The screw tightened「ネジが締まった」(ねじがしまった). The second meaning is 'to close,' often used in contexts like doors or events coming to an end. For example: The meeting closed「会議が締まった」(かいぎがしまった). It's important to note that '締まる' is an intransitive verb, meaning it describes a state or action that happens on its own, without a direct object. This verb is commonly used in both everyday and formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4101

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rest

Reading

Kanji

休Rest 養Foster

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '休養 (きゅうよう)' means 'rest' or 'recuperation'. It refers to taking a break or time off to recover physically or mentally, often from work, stress, or illness. This word is commonly used in contexts related to health, work-life balance, or recovery. For example: I need rest to recover「休養が必要です」(きゅうようがひつようです). After the trip, I took a week of rest「旅行の後、一週間休養しました」(りょこうのあと、いっしゅうかんきゅうようしました). It is often used in formal or medical contexts to emphasize the importance of taking time to recover.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4107

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Training, Asceticism

Reading

Kanji

修Discipline 行Go

Explanation

The Japanese noun '修行 (しゅぎょう)' primarily refers to rigorous training or discipline, often in the context of mastering a skill, art, or spiritual practice. It can also denote ascetic practices aimed at self-improvement or spiritual enlightenment. For example: He is undergoing rigorous training「彼は厳しい修行をしている」(かれはきびしいしゅぎょうをしている). Monks engage in ascetic practices「僧侶たちは修行に励んでいる」(そうりょたちはしゅぎょうにはげんでいる). This word is commonly used in both secular and religious contexts, emphasizing dedication and perseverance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4125

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Refrain, Reserve

Reading

Kanji

控Refrain, Abstain

Explanation

The Japanese verb '控える (ひかえる)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to refrain' or 'to hold back' from doing something. For example: Please refrain from smoking here「ここでは喫煙を控えてください」(ここではきつえんをひかえてください). The second meaning is 'to reserve' or 'to keep something in reserve'. For example: I reserved a seat for the meeting「会議の席を控えました」(かいぎのせきをひかえました). The verb can also imply a sense of caution or moderation, depending on the context. It is often used in formal or polite situations.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4129

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vote

Reading

Kanji

票Vote, Ballot

Explanation

The Japanese noun '票 (ひょう)' primarily means 'vote'. It refers to a formal expression of preference or opinion in a decision-making process, such as an election or a ballot. This word is commonly used in political or organizational contexts. For example: I cast my vote「私は票を投じた」(わたしはひょうをとうじた). The majority of votes decided the outcome「票の多数が結果を決めた」(ひょうのたすうがけっかをきめた). Note that '票' can also refer to a ballot or a voting slip, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4135

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Impact

Reading

Kanji

撃Beat, Strike 衝Collide

Explanation

The Japanese noun '衝撃 (しょうげき)' primarily means 'impact'. It refers to a strong effect or influence caused by a physical force or an emotional event. This word can be used in various contexts, such as describing the physical impact of a collision or the emotional shock of unexpected news. For example: The impact of the earthquake was devastating「地震の衝撃は壊滅的だった」(じしんのしょうげきはかいめつてきだった). The news had a huge impact on her「そのニュースは彼女に大きな衝撃を与えた」(そのニュースはかのじょにおおきなしょうげきをあたえた). It's important to note that '衝撃' can also imply a sudden and powerful effect, whether physical or emotional.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4140

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Testimony

Reading

Kanji

証Evidence 言Say

Explanation

The Japanese noun '証言 (しょうげん)' refers to 'testimony' or a formal statement given under oath, typically in a legal context. It is used when someone provides evidence or recounts events they have witnessed. For example: The witness gave his testimony「証人が証言をした」(しょうにんがしょうげんをした). Her testimony was crucial to the case「彼女の証言は事件にとって重要だった」(かのじょのしょうげんはじけんにとってじゅうようだった). This word is commonly used in legal settings, such as courtrooms, but can also appear in everyday contexts when discussing someone's account of events.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4141

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Character, Pattern

Reading

Kanji

柄Design, Handle

Explanation

The Japanese noun '柄 (がら)' can mean 'pattern' or 'character'. When referring to 'pattern', it describes the design or motif on fabric, clothing, or other surfaces. For example: This shirt has a nice pattern「このシャツは柄がいい」(このシャツはがらがいい). When referring to 'character', it describes someone's personality or nature. For example: He has a calm character「彼は落ち着いた柄だ」(かれはおちついたがらだ). The meaning depends on the context in which it is used.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4149

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Slave

Reading

Kanji

隷Slave 奴Servant, Dude

Explanation

The Japanese noun '奴隷 (どれい)' refers to a 'slave', someone who is owned by another person and forced to work without personal freedom. Historically, it was used to describe individuals in servitude, often in contexts of forced labor or subjugation. In modern usage, it can also metaphorically describe someone who is excessively controlled or dominated by another, such as in a relationship or by societal pressures. Example sentences: He was treated like a slave「彼は奴隷のように扱われた」(かれはどれいのようにあつかわれた). Many people were enslaved during that era「その時代には多くの人々が奴隷にされた」(そのじだいにはおおくのひとびとがどれいにされた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4150

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reduction

Reading

Kanji

小Small 縮Shrink

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '縮小 (しゅくしょう)' means 'reduction'. It refers to the act of making something smaller in size, scale, or scope. This term is often used in formal or technical contexts, such as business, science, or policy discussions. For example: The company decided on a reduction in staff「会社は人員の縮小を決定した」(かいしゃはじんいんのしゅくしょうをけっていした). The government is planning a reduction in budget「政府は予算の縮小を計画している」(せいふはよさんのしゅくしょうをけいかくしている). It can also be used in everyday contexts, such as reducing the size of an image「画像の縮小を行った」(がぞうのしゅくしょうをおこなった).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4151

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Judiciary

Reading

Kanji

法Law, Method 司Director

Explanation

The Japanese noun '司法 (しほう)' refers to the 'judiciary' or 'judicial system'. It encompasses the system of courts and judges that interpret and apply the law in legal cases. This term is often used in discussions about law, government, and justice. For example: The judiciary is independent「司法は独立している」(しほうはどくりつしている). The judiciary plays a crucial role in maintaining justice「司法は正義を維持する上で重要な役割を果たす」(しほうはせいぎをいじするうえでじゅうようなやくわりをはたす).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4153

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tip, Cutting edge

Reading

Kanji

端End, Edge 先Before, Previous

Explanation

The Japanese noun '先端 (せんたん)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'tip', referring to the end or extremity of something, such as the tip of a pencil or a mountain peak. For example: the tip of the pencil is sharp「鉛筆の先端は鋭い」(えんぴつのせんたんはするどい). The second meaning is 'cutting-edge', referring to the forefront of technology, research, or innovation. For example: this company is at the cutting edge of technology「この会社は技術の先端にいる」(このかいしゃはぎじゅつのせんたんにいる). The context will determine which meaning is appropriate.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4155

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Loan

Reading

Kanji

融Fuse, Dissolve 資Capital, Resources

Explanation

The Japanese noun '融資 (ゆうし)' refers to a 'loan' or 'financing'. It is commonly used in financial contexts to describe the act of lending money, often by banks or financial institutions. This term is neutral and can refer to both personal and business loans. For example: The bank approved the loan「銀行は融資を承認した」(ぎんこうはゆうしをしょうにんした). We need financing for the project「そのプロジェクトに融資が必要です」(そのプロジェクトにゆうしがひつようです). Note that '融資' is often used in formal or business settings and implies a structured financial agreement.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4156

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Gratitude

Reading

Kanji

謝Apologize 感Feeling, Sensation

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '感謝 (かんしゃ)' means 'gratitude'. It refers to the feeling of being thankful or appreciative towards someone or something. This word is commonly used in expressions of thanks, such as '感謝します (かんしゃします)' which means 'I am grateful' or 'I appreciate it'. It can also be used in various contexts to express deep appreciation or acknowledgment of kindness, help, or support received. For example: I feel deep gratitude「深い感謝を感じます」(ふかいかんしゃをかんじます). We express our gratitude to you「あなたに感謝を表します」(あなたにかんしゃをひょうします). The word is often used in formal or heartfelt situations, emphasizing sincerity and respect.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4161

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tuition

Reading

Kanji

月Moon, Month 謝Apologize

Explanation

The Japanese noun '月謝 (げっしゃ)' refers to a monthly fee or payment, most commonly used in the context of tuition for lessons, classes, or training. It is often associated with extracurricular activities like music lessons, sports clubs, or language schools. For example: I pay monthly tuition for piano lessons「ピアノの月謝を払っています」(ぴあののげっしゃをはらっています). The monthly fee for the swimming club is expensive「スイミングクラブの月謝は高いです」(すいみんぐくらぶのげっしゃはたかいです). This term is specific to regular, recurring payments and is not used for one-time fees or general expenses.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4162

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Federation

Reading

Kanji

邦State, Japan 連Take along

Explanation

The Japanese noun '連邦 (れんぽう)' refers to a 'federation', which is a political entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing states or regions under a central federal government. This term is often used in the context of political science and international relations to describe countries like the United States or Russia, which are federations. For example: The United States is a federation「アメリカは連邦です」(アメリカはれんぽうです). Russia is also a federation「ロシアも連邦です」(ロシアもれんぽうです). The term can also be used in historical contexts, such as referring to the Holy Roman Empire as a federation「神聖ローマ帝国は連邦でした」(しんせいローマていこくはれんぽうでした).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4164

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Alliance

Reading

Kanji

盟Alliance 同Same

Explanation

The Japanese noun '同盟 (どうめい)' means 'alliance'. It refers to a formal agreement or partnership between two or more parties, often for mutual benefit or to achieve a common goal. This term is commonly used in political, military, or business contexts. For example: The two countries formed an alliance「その二つの国は同盟を結んだ」(そのふたつのくにはどうめいをむすんだ). The companies entered into a strategic alliance「その企業は戦略的同盟を結んだ」(そのきぎょうはせんりゃくてきどうめいをむすんだ). The nuance of '同盟' often implies a formal and binding relationship, distinguishing it from more casual partnerships or collaborations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4172

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hit

Reading

Kanji

殴Beat, Assault

Explanation

The Japanese verb '殴る (なぐる)' means 'to hit' or 'to strike', specifically with a fist or hand. It is often used to describe physical violence or a punch. This verb carries a strong connotation of aggression and is typically used in contexts involving conflict or physical altercations. For example: He hit the man「彼はその男を殴った」(かれはそのおとこをなぐった). Don't hit people「人を殴るな」(ひとをなぐるな). The verb can also be used metaphorically, but this is less common. It is important to note that this word is informal and can sound harsh or violent depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4173

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Transparent

Reading

Kanji

通Commute, Pass 透Pass through, Transparent

Explanation

The Japanese verb '透き通る (すきとおる)' means 'to be transparent' or 'to be clear'. It is used to describe something that allows light to pass through it, making it see-through. This verb can be used to describe physical objects like glass or water, as well as more abstract concepts like voices or emotions. For example: The glass is transparent「ガラスが透き通っている」(ガラスがすきとおっている). Her voice is clear and transparent「彼女の声は澄んでいて透き通っている」(かのじょのこえはすんでいてすきとおっている). It can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is pure or untainted, such as a transparent heart「透き通った心」(すきとおったこころ).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4174

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Estimation

Reading

Kanji

推Infer 定Determine

Explanation

The Japanese noun '推定 (すいてい)' refers to an estimation, inference, or presumption based on available information or evidence. It is commonly used in contexts such as statistics, law, or general reasoning to describe a calculated guess or assumption. For example: The population estimation is 10 million「人口の推定は1000万人です」(じんこうのすいていはせんまんにんです). The court made a presumption of innocence「裁判所は無罪の推定をした」(さいばんしょはむざいのすいていをした). This term often implies a logical or scientific basis for the estimation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4178

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Aim

Reading

Kanji

志Intention

Explanation

The Japanese verb '志す (こころざす)' means 'to aim' or 'to aspire'. It is used to express a strong intention or determination to achieve a specific goal or pursue a particular path. This verb often conveys a sense of purpose or ambition. For example: she aims to become a doctor「彼女は医者になることを志している」(かのじょはいしゃになることをこころざしている). He aspires to be a great writer「彼は偉大な作家になることを志している」(かれはいだいなさっかになることをこころざしている). The verb is typically used in formal or serious contexts, emphasizing a long-term commitment to a goal.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4183

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Spirit

Reading

Kanji

霊Spirits

Explanation

The Japanese noun '霊 (れい)' refers to a 'spirit' or 'soul', often in a supernatural or religious context. It can denote the spirit of a deceased person, a ghost, or a spiritual entity. This word is commonly used in discussions about the afterlife, folklore, or spiritual practices. For example: the spirit of the deceased「亡くなった人の霊」(なくなったひとのれい). She believes in spirits「彼女は霊を信じている」(かのじょはれいをしんじている). It can also appear in compound words like '霊感 (れいかん)' (spiritual intuition) or '霊界 (れいかい)' (spirit world). Note that '霊' carries a nuanced, often mystical connotation and is distinct from more casual terms like '幽霊 (ゆうれい)' (ghost).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4186

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exert

Reading

Kanji

及Reach, Extend

Explanation

The Japanese verb '及ぼす (およぼす)' means 'to exert' or 'to have an influence on'. It is often used to describe the effect or impact that something has on another thing, whether positive or negative. This verb is typically used in formal or written contexts. For example: The new policy will exert a significant influence on the economy「新しい政策は経済に大きな影響を及ぼすでしょう」(あたらしいせいさくはけいざいにおおきなえいきょうをおよぼすでしょう). His actions exerted a negative impact on the team「彼の行動はチームに悪影響を及ぼした」(かれのこうどうはチームにあくえいきょうをおよぼした). Note that '及ぼす' is often followed by the particle 'に' to indicate the target of the influence.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4187

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pluck, Repel

Reading

Kanji

弾Bullet, Projectile

Explanation

The Japanese verb '弾く (はじく)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to pluck', as in plucking the strings of a musical instrument. For example: he plucks the guitar「彼はギターを弾く」(かれはギターをはじく). The second meaning is 'to repel' or 'to flick away', often used to describe repelling water or flicking something off a surface. For example: the umbrella repels water「傘が水を弾く」(かさがみずをはじく). These two meanings are unrelated and depend on the context in which the verb is used.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4189

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Will

Reading

Kanji

言Say 遺Leave behind

Explanation

The Japanese noun '遺言 (ゆいごん)' refers to a 'will' or 'testament', specifically a legal document that states a person's wishes regarding the distribution of their property and the care of any minor children after their death. It can also refer to a dying wish or last words. For example: He left a will「彼は遺言を残した」(かれはゆいごんをのこした). The will was read after the funeral「遺言は葬式の後に読まれた」(ゆいごんはそうしきのあとによまれた). It's important to note that this word is often used in legal contexts, but can also be used more generally to refer to a person's final wishes.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4193

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stretch

Reading

Kanji

張Spread, Stretch

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '張り (はり)' is often used to indicate a sense of stretch, tension, or extension. It can be attached to nouns to describe something that is stretched or taut, or to convey a feeling of tightness or firmness. For example: a tight rope「張りのあるロープ」(はりのあるロープ). This suffix can also be used metaphorically to describe emotional tension or enthusiasm. For example: full of enthusiasm「張り切っている」(はりきっている). It's important to note that '張り' is often used in compound words to modify the meaning of the base noun, adding a sense of tension or extension.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4194

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Probability

Reading

Kanji

率Command, Proportion 確Certain

Explanation

The Japanese noun '確率 (かくりつ)' means 'probability'. It refers to the likelihood or chance of an event occurring, often expressed numerically or as a percentage. This term is commonly used in mathematics, statistics, and everyday conversations when discussing uncertain outcomes. For example: the probability of rain is high「雨の確率が高い」(あめのかくりつがたかい). What is the probability of winning?「勝つ確率はどれくらいですか？」(かつのかくりつはどれくらいですか？). It can also be used in contexts like gambling or risk assessment, such as 'the probability of success is low'「成功する確率は低い」(せいこうするかくりつはひくい).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4212

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Silence

Reading

Kanji

黙Silent, Shut up 沈Sink

Explanation

The Japanese noun '沈黙 (ちんもく)' means 'silence'. It refers to the absence of speech or sound, often implying a deliberate or meaningful quietness. This word can be used in various contexts, such as during a moment of reflection, in a tense situation, or to describe someone who is not speaking. For example: The silence was unbearable「沈黙が耐えられなかった」(ちんもくがたえられなかった). He broke the silence with his voice「彼は声で沈黙を破った」(かれはこえでちんもくをやぶった). '沈黙' can also carry a deeper connotation, such as in the phrase '沈黙は金' (ちんもくはきん), which translates to 'silence is golden', emphasizing the value of staying quiet in certain situations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4225

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Careful

Reading

Kanji

慎Prudent, Humility 重Heavy

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '慎重 (しんちょう)' means 'careful' or 'cautious'. It describes a state of being deliberate, thoughtful, and avoiding unnecessary risks. This word is often used to describe someone's behavior, approach, or decision-making process. For example: He is very careful when making decisions「彼は決定を下す時に非常に慎重です」(かれはけっていをくだすときにひじょうにしんちょうです). Please handle this matter carefully「この件を慎重に扱ってください」(このけんをしんちょうにあつかってください). The word can also be used to describe actions, such as '慎重な計画 (しんちょうなけいかく)' (careful planning).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4232

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Nursing

Reading

Kanji

護Protect, Defend 看Watch

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '看護 (かんご)' refers to the act or profession of nursing, which involves caring for the sick or infirm. It is commonly used in contexts related to healthcare and medical services. For example: She is studying nursing「彼女は看護を勉強しています」(かのじょはかんごをべんきょうしています). The hospital needs more nursing staff「病院はもっと看護スタッフが必要です」(びょういんはもっとかんごスタッフがひつようです). This term is often associated with professional caregiving roles and is a key concept in medical and healthcare settings.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4238

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Nursing

Reading

Kanji

看Watch 病Illness

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '看病 (かんびょう)' refers to the act of nursing or caring for someone who is sick. It is often used in contexts where someone is providing care to a patient, whether at home or in a medical setting. This term emphasizes the attentive and compassionate aspect of caregiving. For example: She is nursing her sick mother「彼女は病気の母親を看病している」(かのじょはびょうきのははおやをかんびょうしている). The nurse provided excellent care「看護師は素晴らしい看病をした」(かんごしはすばらしいかんびょうをした). The term can also be used metaphorically to describe taking care of something in a nurturing manner, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4239

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Possession

Reading

Kanji

保Preserve 有Exist

Explanation

The Japanese noun '保有 (ほゆう)' refers to the act of possessing or holding something, often in a formal or legal context. It is commonly used in discussions about ownership, such as property, assets, or rights. For example: The company has possession of the land「その会社はその土地を保有している」(そのかいしゃはそのとちをほゆうしている). He holds a large number of shares「彼は多くの株を保有している」(かれはおおくのかぶをほゆうしている). This term is often used in legal, financial, or business contexts to describe ownership or control over something.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4244

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Trial

Reading

Kanji

判Judge, Stamp 裁Judge

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '裁判 (さいばん)' refers to a 'trial' or 'legal judgment'. It is used in the context of legal proceedings where a court examines evidence and arguments to decide a case. This term is often associated with criminal or civil cases. For example: The trial will start tomorrow「裁判は明日始まります」(さいばんはあしたはじまります). He was found guilty at the trial「彼は裁判で有罪とされた」(かれはさいばんでゆうざいとされた). The word can also be used in broader contexts, such as '裁判所 (さいばんしょ)' meaning 'court of law'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4247

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Court

Reading

Kanji

判Judge, Stamp 裁Judge 所Place

Explanation

The Japanese noun '裁判所 (さいばんしょ)' refers to a 'court', specifically a judicial institution where legal cases are heard and decided. This term is commonly used in legal contexts and can refer to various types of courts, such as district courts, high courts, or the Supreme Court. For example: The case was brought to court「その事件は裁判所に持ち込まれた」(そのじけんはさいばんしょにもちこまれた). The court ruled in favor of the plaintiff「裁判所は原告に有利な判決を下した」(さいばんしょはげんこくにゆうりなはんけつをくだした). It's important to note that '裁判所' is a formal term and is used in both written and spoken Japanese when discussing legal matters.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4248

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Complaint, Lawsuit

Reading

Kanji

訴Sue, Appeal

Explanation

The Japanese noun '訴え (うったえ)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'complaint', referring to an expression of dissatisfaction or grievance. For example: He filed a complaint about the noise「彼は騒音についての訴えを提出した」(かれはそうおんについてのうったえをていしゅつした). The second meaning is 'lawsuit', referring to a legal action brought in a court of law. For example: The company faced a lawsuit「その会社は訴えに直面した」(そのかいしゃはうったえにちょくめんした). The context in which '訴え' is used will determine whether it refers to a complaint or a legal action.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4249

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Boil

Reading

Kanji

煮Boil

Explanation

The Japanese verb '煮る (にる)' means 'to boil' or 'to simmer'. It is used to describe the cooking process of boiling or simmering food, typically in water or broth, until it becomes tender or fully cooked. This verb is commonly used in recipes and cooking instructions. For example: I boiled the vegetables「野菜を煮た」(やさいをにた). Simmer the soup for 20 minutes「スープを20分煮てください」(スープをにじゅっぷんにてください). The verb can also imply a slow cooking process, often used for stews or dishes that require time to develop flavor.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4250

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Presentation

Reading

Kanji

提Present, Submit 示Show, Indicate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '提示 (ていじ)' refers to the act of presenting or showing something, often in a formal or official context. It is commonly used when providing evidence, documents, or information to support a claim or request. For example: Please present your ID「提示してください」(ていじしてください). The lawyer presented new evidence「弁護士は新しい証拠を提示した」(べんごしはあたらしいしょうこをていじした). This word is often used in legal, business, or academic settings where formal presentation of information is required.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4257

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pure

Reading

Kanji

素Element

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '素 (そ)' conveys the idea of something being pure, unadulterated, or in its natural state. It is often used to describe things that are unprocessed, unrefined, or free from artificial elements. For example: pure water「素水」(そすい). This prefix can also imply simplicity or a lack of pretense, as in '素顔 (すがお) (bare face, no makeup)'. Additionally, it can be used in contexts related to skill or talent, such as '素人 (しろうと) (amateur, literally 'pure person')', which contrasts with '玄人 (くろうと) (professional)'. Example sentences: She has a pure heart「彼女は素心だ」(かのじょはそしんだ). I prefer natural ingredients「私は素の材料が好きです」(わたしはそのざいりょうがすきです).

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4264

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Master, Digest

Reading

Kanji

熟Ripe, Mature

Explanation

The Japanese verb '熟す (こなす)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to master' or 'to become proficient in something'. This usage often refers to skills, tasks, or knowledge. For example: He mastered the art of cooking「彼は料理を熟した」(かれはりょうりをこなした). The second meaning is 'to digest', referring to the process of breaking down food in the body. For example: My stomach can't digest this food「私の胃はこの食べ物を熟せない」(わたしのいはこのたべものをこなせない). The verb is versatile and its meaning depends heavily on context. It is often used in both casual and formal settings, and its nuance can shift based on the subject and object of the sentence.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4268

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hill

Reading

Kanji

丘Hill

Explanation

The Japanese noun '丘 (おか)' means 'hill'. This word refers to a naturally raised area of land, not as high as a mountain, often with a rounded top. It is commonly used to describe geographical features in landscapes. For example: There is a small hill near my house「私の家の近くに小さな丘があります」(わたしのいえのちかくにちいさなおかがあります). We had a picnic on the hill「丘の上でピクニックをしました」(おかのうえでぴくにっくをしました). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe a gentle rise or elevation in various contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4282

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

View

Reading

Kanji

視See, Look

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '視 (し)' means 'view' or 'perspective'. It is often attached to nouns to form compound words that describe a particular way of looking at or considering something. For example: global view「グローバル視」(ぐろーばるし). This suffix is commonly used in formal or technical contexts, such as in academic writing or business discussions. Another example: a critical perspective「批判的視」(ひはんてきし). Note that '視' is rarely used as a standalone word and is almost always part of a compound.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4283

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Smile

Reading

Kanji

笑Laugh 微Slight, Delicate

Explanation

The Japanese verb '微笑む (ほほえむ)' means 'to smile'. This verb is used to describe a gentle or subtle smile, often conveying warmth, kindness, or quiet amusement. It is less intense than a broad or loud smile and is often associated with a calm or serene expression. For example: She smiled gently at the child「彼女は子供に微笑んだ」(かのじょはこどもにほほえんだ). He smiled quietly to himself「彼は静かに微笑んだ」(かれはしずかにほほえんだ). The verb can also be used metaphorically to describe something that brings a sense of quiet joy or satisfaction, such as 'the flowers smiled in the breeze'「花が風に微笑んだ」(はながかぜにほほえんだ).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4284

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Honest

Reading

Kanji

素Element 直Straight, Repair

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '素直 (すなお)' primarily means 'honest' or 'obedient'. It describes someone who is straightforward, sincere, and free from deceit or pretense. This word is often used to praise someone's character, especially when they are willing to accept advice or criticism without resistance. For example: She is an honest child「彼女は素直な子供です」(かのじょはすなおなこどもです). He honestly admitted his mistake「彼は素直に自分の過ちを認めた」(かれはすなおにじぶんのあやまちをみとめた). The term can also imply a sense of purity or simplicity in one's nature, making it a positive trait in Japanese culture.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4285

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hydrogen

Reading

Kanji

素Element 水Water

Explanation

The Japanese noun '水素 (すいそ)' means 'hydrogen'. It refers to the chemical element with the symbol H and atomic number 1, which is the lightest and most abundant element in the universe. This term is commonly used in scientific contexts, such as chemistry and physics. For example: Hydrogen is the lightest element「水素は最も軽い元素です」(すいそはもっともかるいげんそです). Water is made of hydrogen and oxygen「水は水素と酸素でできている」(みずはすいそとさんそでできている).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4287

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Camp

Reading

Kanji

陣Camp, Battle formation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '陣 (じん)' primarily means 'camp' and refers to a military encampment or a group of people organized for a specific purpose. It is often used in historical or strategic contexts, such as describing the location where troops are stationed. For example: the enemy's camp is nearby「敵の陣は近い」(てきのじんはちかい). They set up a camp in the forest「彼らは森に陣を張った」(かれらはもりにじんをはった). Additionally, '陣' can be used metaphorically to describe a group of people working together, such as a team or faction, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4301

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Magistrate

Reading

Kanji

行Go 奉Dedicate, Observance

Explanation

The Japanese noun '奉行 (ぶぎょう)' refers to a magistrate or a high-ranking official in feudal Japan, typically responsible for administrative or judicial duties. This term is historically significant and often associated with the Edo period, where such officials played crucial roles in governance. For example: The magistrate issued a new decree「奉行が新しい法令を出した」(ぶぎょうがあたらしいほうれいをだした). The magistrate's decision was final「奉行の決定は最終的だった」(ぶぎょうのけっていはさいしゅうてきだった). It's important to note that this term is largely historical and may not be commonly used in modern contexts, except when referring to historical settings or figures.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4302

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wording

Reading

Kanji

葉Leaf 遣Use, Dispatch 言Say

Explanation

The Japanese noun '言葉遣い (ことばづかい)' refers to the way one uses or chooses words, often implying the manner or style of speech. It can denote politeness, formality, or appropriateness in language. For example: Her wording is very polite「彼女の言葉遣いはとても丁寧です」(かのじょのことばづかいはとてもていねいです). Please be careful with your wording「言葉遣いに気をつけてください」(ことばづかいにはきをつけてください). This term is often used in contexts where the choice of words is important, such as in formal settings or when addressing someone of higher status.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4312

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Excellent

Reading

Kanji

秀Excel, Excellent 優Superior, Gentle

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '優秀 (ゆうしゅう)' means 'excellent' and is used to describe someone or something that is outstanding, superior, or of high quality. It is often used to praise people, such as students, employees, or professionals, for their exceptional abilities or achievements. For example: He is an excellent student「彼は優秀な学生です」(かれはゆうしゅうながくせいです). This is an excellent product「これは優秀な製品です」(これはゆうしゅうなせいひんです). The term carries a formal tone and is commonly used in academic, professional, or evaluative contexts.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4313

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Struggle, Conflict

Reading

Kanji

争Dispute 闘Fight, Struggle

Explanation

The Japanese noun '闘争 (とうそう)' can mean 'struggle' or 'conflict'. It is often used to describe a serious or prolonged effort to overcome a challenge, or a clash between opposing forces. This word can be applied to physical, emotional, or ideological battles. For example: The workers are in a struggle for better wages「労働者は賃金向上のための闘争中だ」(ろうどうしゃはちんぎんこうじょうのためのとうそうちゅうだ). The conflict between the two nations escalated「二国間の闘争が激化した」(にこくかんのとうそうがげきかした). Note that '闘争' carries a strong connotation of intensity and effort, and is often used in formal or serious contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4316

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Handling

Reading

Kanji

取Take 扱Handle

Explanation

The Japanese noun '取り扱い (とりあつかい)' primarily means 'handling'. It refers to the way something is managed, dealt with, or treated. This word is often used in contexts involving the management of objects, situations, or even abstract concepts. For example: careful handling of fragile items「壊れやすい物の取り扱いに注意」(こわれやすいもののとりあつかいによりちゅうい). The handling of customer complaints「顧客の苦情の取り扱い」(こきゃくのくじょうのとりあつかい). It can also refer to the treatment of a subject or topic, as in 'the handling of sensitive information'「機密情報の取り扱い」(きみつじょうほうのとりあつかい).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4321

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Luxury

Reading

Kanji

高High, Expensive 級Grade, Rank

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '高級 (こうきゅう)' refers to something of high quality, luxury, or premium status. It is often used to describe items, services, or establishments that are considered upscale or exclusive. For example: This is a luxury hotel「これは高級ホテルです」(これはこうきゅうホテルです). She bought a luxury bag「彼女は高級バッグを買った」(かのじょはこうきゅうバッグをかった). The term can also imply sophistication or refinement, and it is commonly used in contexts like '高級レストラン (こうきゅうレストラン)' (luxury restaurant) or '高級車 (こうきゅうしゃ)' (luxury car).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4327

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Palm

Reading

Kanji

掌Palm, Manipulate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '掌 (てのひら)' refers to the 'palm' of the hand. It specifically denotes the inner surface of the hand, excluding the fingers. This word is often used in both literal and metaphorical contexts. For example: She held the flower in her palm「彼女は掌に花を持っていた」(かのじょはてのひらにはなをもっていた). The future is in the palm of your hand「未来はあなたの掌の中にある」(みらいはあなたのてのひらのなかにある). The word can also appear in idiomatic expressions or poetic language, emphasizing control, care, or the delicate nature of something.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4332

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exhibition

Reading

Kanji

展Unfold, Expand 示Show, Indicate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '展示 (てんじ)' refers to an 'exhibition' or 'display'. It is commonly used to describe a public showing of items, such as art, products, or historical artifacts, often in a museum, gallery, or event space. For example: The art exhibition was impressive「その美術の展示は素晴らしかった」(そのびじゅつのてんじはすばらしかった). They are preparing a product display「彼らは製品の展示を準備している」(かれらはせいひんのてんじをじゅんびしている). The word can also be used in contexts like trade shows or cultural events where items are showcased for viewing.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4333

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Grade, Rank

Reading

Kanji

級Grade, Rank

Explanation

The Japanese noun '級 (きゅう)' refers to a level, grade, or rank, often used in contexts such as school grades, martial arts rankings, or classifications. For example: He is in the fifth grade「彼は5級です」(かれはごきゅうです). She holds a black belt rank「彼女は黒帯の級を持っています」(かのじょはくろおびのきゅうをもっています). The word can also be used in broader contexts to indicate a level of quality or classification, such as 'first-class' or 'second-class'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4335

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Beginner

Reading

Kanji

初Beginning, First 級Grade, Rank

Explanation

The Japanese noun '初級 (しょきゅう)' refers to a beginner or introductory level. It is commonly used in educational contexts to describe courses, classes, or materials designed for those who are just starting to learn a subject. For example: I am taking a beginner-level Japanese class「私は初級の日本語クラスを取っています」(わたしはしょきゅうのにほんごクラスをとっています). This textbook is for beginners「この教科書は初級者向けです」(このきょうかしょはしょきゅうしゃむけです). The term emphasizes the foundational stage of learning and is often contrasted with intermediate (中級, ちゅうきゅう) and advanced (上級, じょうきゅう) levels.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4337

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Excess

Reading

Kanji

過Exceed, Error 剰Surplus

Explanation

The Japanese noun '過剰 (かじょう)' means 'excess'. It refers to an amount or degree that is more than necessary, appropriate, or desirable. This word is often used in contexts related to overproduction, overconsumption, or excessive behavior. For example: The factory produced an excess of goods「工場は過剰な商品を生産した」(こうじょうはかじょうなしょうひんをせいさんした). His excessive worry is causing stress「彼の過剰な心配がストレスを引き起こしている」(かれのかじょうなしんぱいがすとれすをひきおこしている). The term can also be used in medical or scientific contexts to describe an overabundance of something, such as hormones or nutrients.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4344

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Invasion

Reading

Kanji

侵Invade 略Abbreviation, Strategy

Explanation

The Japanese noun '侵略 (しんりゃく)' means 'invasion'. It refers to the act of forcefully entering and taking control of a territory, often by military force. This term is commonly used in historical, political, or military contexts. For example: The country suffered from foreign invasion「その国は外国の侵略に苦しんだ」(そのくにはがいこくのしんりゃくにくるしんだ). The invasion caused widespread destruction「侵略は広範囲な破壊を引き起こした」(しんりゃくはこうはんいなはかいをひきおこした). It can also be used metaphorically to describe non-physical intrusions, such as cultural or economic invasions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4345

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Good

Reading

Kanji

善Good, Virtuous

Explanation

The Japanese noun '善 (ぜん)' means 'good'. It refers to moral goodness, virtue, or that which is right and beneficial. This term is often used in philosophical, ethical, or religious contexts to describe actions, intentions, or states of being that are morally positive. For example: doing good is important「善を行うことは大切です」(ぜんをおこなうことはたいせつです). He is a person of good character「彼は善の人です」(かれはぜんのひとです). The concept of '善' is frequently contrasted with '悪 (あく)' (evil) in discussions about morality.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4346

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sound, Healthy

Reading

Kanji

全Whole, All 健Healthy

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '健全 (けんぜん)' primarily means 'healthy' or 'sound'. It is used to describe something that is in good condition, functioning properly, or morally upright. This word can be applied to physical health, mental state, systems, organizations, or even ideas. For example: a healthy mind「健全な心」(けんぜんなこころ). The financial system is sound「金融システムは健全だ」(きんゆうシステムはけんぜんだ). It can also imply moral integrity, as in '健全な社会 (けんぜんなしゃかい) (a sound society)'. Note that while 'healthy' often refers to physical well-being, 'sound' can refer to logical or structural integrity.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4350

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Diagnosis

Reading

Kanji

断Decide, Cut off 診Examine a patient, Diagnose

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '診断 (しんだん)' means 'diagnosis'. It refers to the process of identifying a disease, condition, or problem by examining the symptoms or characteristics. This term is commonly used in medical contexts but can also be applied in other fields like technology or business. For example: The doctor made a diagnosis「医師が診断を下した」(いしがしんだんをくだした). We need a system diagnosis「システムの診断が必要です」(システムのしんだんがひつようです).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4351

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rub

Reading

Kanji

擦Rub, Grate

Explanation

The Japanese verb '擦る (する)' means 'to rub'. This verb is used when describing the action of moving one object back and forth against another, often to clean, polish, or cause friction. It can also imply applying pressure while moving. For example: I rubbed my eyes「目を擦った」(めをすった). She rubbed the stain with a cloth「彼女はその染みを布で擦った」(かのじょはそのしみをぬのですった). Additionally, '擦る' can sometimes imply a sense of scraping or grinding, depending on the context. It is important to note that this verb is transitive and typically requires a direct object.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4354

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dive

Reading

Kanji

潜Lurk, Submerge

Explanation

The Japanese verb '潜る (もぐる)' primarily means 'to dive'. It is used to describe the action of going underwater, either by a person or an animal. It can also be used metaphorically to describe delving into something deeply, such as diving into a subject or topic. Example sentences: The dolphin dives into the water「イルカが水に潜る」(いるかがみずにもぐる). He dived into the history of ancient Japan「彼は古代日本の歴史に潜った」(かれはこだいにほんのれきしにもぐった). Note that this verb is often used in contexts involving water or deep exploration.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4355

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Examination

Reading

Kanji

察Guess 診Examine a patient, Diagnose

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '診察 (しんさつ)' refers to a medical examination or consultation, typically conducted by a doctor. It is used in contexts where a healthcare professional assesses a patient's condition. For example: The doctor will examine you now「医者が今診察します」(いしゃがいましんさつします). I had a medical examination yesterday「昨日診察を受けました」(きのうしんさつをうけました). This term is commonly used in medical settings and emphasizes the professional act of diagnosing or checking a patient's health.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4356

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Clean, Hygienic

Reading

Kanji

清Clear, Pure 潔Immaculate

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '清潔 (せいけつ)' primarily means 'clean' or 'hygienic'. It is used to describe something that is free from dirt, germs, or impurities, and can refer to both physical cleanliness and moral purity. For example: This hospital is very clean「この病院はとても清潔です」(このびょういんはとてもせいけつです). She always keeps her room clean「彼女はいつも部屋を清潔にしている」(かのじょはいつもへやをせいけつにしている). The word can also imply a sense of neatness or orderliness, and is often used in contexts related to health, hygiene, and personal care.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4359

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Director, Supervisor

Reading

Kanji

督Coach, Supervise 監Oversee

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '監督 (かんとく)' can mean 'director' or 'supervisor', depending on the context. As 'director', it refers to someone who directs films, plays, or other creative works. For example: He is the director of this movie「彼はこの映画の監督です」(かれはこのえいがのかんとくです). As 'supervisor', it refers to someone who oversees or manages a team, project, or organization. For example: The supervisor checked the work「監督が仕事を確認しました」(かんとくがしごとをかくにんしました). The word is versatile and widely used in both creative and professional settings.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4362

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Filming

Reading

Kanji

撮Snapshot, Photograph 影Shadow

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '撮影 (さつえい)' means 'filming' or 'photography'. It refers to the act of capturing images or video, often in a professional or artistic context. This term is commonly used in the film industry, photography, and media production. For example: The filming of the movie starts tomorrow「映画の撮影は明日から始まります」(えいがのさつえいはあしたからはじまります). We are doing a photoshoot in the park「公園で撮影をしています」(こうえんでさつえいをしています). The word can also be used in contexts like 'location shooting' (ロケ撮影, ろけさつえい) or 'studio filming' (スタジオ撮影, すたじおさつえい).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4363

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Colleague

Reading

Kanji

僚Colleague, Official 同Same

Explanation

The Japanese noun '同僚 (どうりょう)' refers to a colleague or coworker, someone who works in the same organization or team. It is commonly used in professional settings to describe peers who share similar roles or responsibilities. For example: My colleague helped me with the project「同僚がプロジェクトを手伝ってくれた」(どうりょうがぷろじぇくとをてつだってくれた). I went out for drinks with my colleagues「同僚と飲みに行った」(どうりょうとのみにいった). The term emphasizes a sense of camaraderie and shared workplace context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4366

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Activity, Success

Reading

Kanji

活Lively 躍Leap

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '活躍 (かつやく)' refers to being active, energetic, or successful in a particular field or endeavor. It is often used to describe someone who is making significant contributions or achieving notable success in their work, sports, or other activities. For example: He is very active in the business world「彼はビジネス界で大いに活躍している」(かれはビジネスかいでおおいにかつやくしている). She succeeded in her new role「彼女は新しい役割で活躍した」(かのじょはあたらしいやくわりでかつやくした). The word can also imply a sense of dynamism and prominence in one's actions.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4367

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Simultaneous

Reading

Kanji

斉Uniform, Adjusted 一One

Explanation

The Japanese noun '一斉 (いっせい)' means 'simultaneous' or 'all at once'. It is used to describe actions or events that occur at the same time. This word is often used in contexts where multiple people or things act in unison. For example: The students stood up simultaneously「学生たちは一斉に立ち上がった」(がくせいたちはいっせいにたちあがった). The lights went out all at once「明かりが一斉に消えた」(あかりがいっせいときえた). The word can also be used in phrases like '一斉に (いっせいに)' to mean 'all together' or 'in unison'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4370

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Transfer, Yield

Reading

Kanji

譲Hand over, Defer

Explanation

The Japanese verb '譲る (ゆずる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to yield' or 'to give way,' often used in situations where one person allows another to go first or concedes in a discussion. For example: He yielded his seat to the elderly woman「彼はお年寄りの女性に席を譲った」(かれはおとしよりのじょせいにせきをゆずった). The second meaning is 'to transfer' or 'to hand over,' such as transferring ownership or rights. For example: She transferred the property to her son「彼女は財産を息子に譲った」(かのじょはざいさんをむすこにゆずった). The verb is versatile and can be used in both literal and figurative contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4378

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Emphasis

Reading

Kanji

視See, Look 重Heavy

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '重視 (じゅうし)' means 'emphasis' or 'importance'. It is used to indicate that something is given significant attention or priority. This term is often used in contexts where certain aspects, values, or factors are considered more critical than others. For example: The company places emphasis on customer satisfaction「会社は顧客満足を重視する」(かいしゃはこきゃくまんぞくをじゅうしする). Education is given importance in this country「この国では教育が重視される」(このくにではきょういくがじゅうしされる). The word can also be used in various contexts, such as business, education, and personal values, to highlight the significance of a particular element.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4379

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Circulation

Reading

Kanji

環Ring, Surround 循Circulate, Sequential

Explanation

The Japanese noun '循環 (じゅんかん)' means 'circulation'. It refers to the movement or flow of something in a circular or recurring pattern. This word is commonly used in contexts such as blood circulation, environmental cycles, or the circulation of goods and money. For example: blood circulation is important for health「血液の循環は健康に重要です」(けつえきのじゅんかんはけんこうにじゅうようです). The circulation of money stimulates the economy「お金の循環が経済を活性化します」(おかねのじゅんかんがけいざいをかっせいかします). It can also be used metaphorically to describe the cyclical nature of events or ideas.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4380

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Leak, Reveal

Reading

Kanji

漏Leak

Explanation

The Japanese verb '漏らす (もらす)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to leak', which refers to the unintentional escape of a substance, such as water or gas, or information. For example: The pipe is leaking water「パイプから水を漏らしている」(パイプからみずをもらしている). The second meaning is 'to reveal', which refers to the act of disclosing or letting out information, often unintentionally or carelessly. For example: He revealed the secret「彼は秘密を漏らした」(かれはひみつをもらした). The verb can be used in both literal and figurative contexts, and its meaning depends on the situation. It is important to note that '漏らす' often carries a nuance of something being unintentional or accidental.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4384

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Temporarily, Hypothetically

Reading

Kanji

仮Temporary

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '仮に (かりに)' can mean either 'temporarily' or 'hypothetically', depending on the context. When used to mean 'temporarily', it refers to something being done or existing for a limited time. For example: temporarily staying at a friend's house「仮に友達の家に泊まる」(かりにともだちのいえにとまる). When used to mean 'hypothetically', it refers to a situation that is being considered as a possibility or for the sake of argument. For example: hypothetically, if I were rich「仮に私がお金持ちだったら」(かりにわたしがおかねもちだったら). The meaning is usually clear from the context of the sentence.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4389

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Transfer

Reading

Kanji

振Shake, Swing 込Put in, Crowded

Explanation

The Japanese noun '振り込み (ふりこみ)' refers to the act of transferring money, typically from one bank account to another. It is commonly used in contexts involving financial transactions, such as paying bills, sending money to someone, or making payments. For example: I made a bank transfer「銀行振り込みをしました」(ぎんこうふりこみをしました). Please make a transfer by tomorrow「明日までに振り込みをお願いします」(あしたまでにふりこみをおねがいします). This term is often used in formal or business settings and is essential for discussing financial matters in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4392

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Kana usage

Reading

Kanji

名Name 遣Use, Dispatch 仮Temporary

Explanation

The Japanese noun '仮名遣い (かなづかい)' refers to the rules or conventions for using kana (the Japanese syllabaries, hiragana and katakana) in writing. It specifically deals with how kana are used to represent sounds and words in the Japanese language. Historically, there have been different systems of kana usage, such as historical kana usage (歴史的仮名遣い, れきしてきかなづかい) and modern kana usage (現代仮名遣い, げんだいかなづかい). Example sentences: Correct kana usage is important「正しい仮名遣いが大切です」(ただしいかなづかいがたいせつです). Learning historical kana usage is difficult「歴史的仮名遣いを学ぶのは難しい」(れきしてきかなづかいをまなぶのはむずかしい).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4394

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Money

Reading

Kanji

銭Money, Coin 金Gold

Explanation

The Japanese noun '金銭 (きんせん)' refers to 'money' in a general sense, often emphasizing its tangible or financial aspect. It is commonly used in formal or legal contexts to discuss financial matters, transactions, or wealth. For example: money is important in life「金銭は人生で重要です」(きんせんはじんせいでじゅうようです). He lost all his money「彼は金銭をすべて失った」(かれはきんせんをすべてうしなった). The word can also carry a slightly formal or serious tone, distinguishing it from more casual terms like 'お金 (おかね)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4396

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rule

Reading

Kanji

統Unite 治Cure, Reign

Explanation

The Japanese noun '統治 (とうち)' refers to the act or process of governing or ruling over a country, region, or group of people. It is often used in political or historical contexts to describe the administration or control exercised by a government or ruler. For example: The king's rule was just「王の統治は公正だった」(おうのとうちはこうせいだった). The new government aims for stable rule「新しい政府は安定した統治を目指す」(あたらしいせいふはあんていしたとうちをめざす). This term can also imply a sense of authority and control over a population or territory.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4417

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sponsor

Reading

Kanji

催Hold an event, Sponsor 主Master

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '主催 (しゅさい)' means 'sponsor' or 'organize'. It refers to the act of hosting, organizing, or sponsoring an event, meeting, or activity. This word is often used in formal contexts, such as business or public events. For example: The company sponsored the event「その会社がイベントを主催した」(そのかいしゃがイベントをしゅさいした). The local government organized the festival「地方政府が祭りを主催した」(ちほうせいふがまつりをしゅさいした). Note that '主催' is typically used for events or activities that require planning and coordination.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4421

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Demand, Urging

Reading

Kanji

促Urge, Press 催Hold an event, Sponsor

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '催促 (さいそく)' refers to the act of urging or pressing someone to do something, often in the context of requesting payment, action, or a response. It can also imply a demand or insistence. For example: I received a demand for payment「支払いの催促を受けました」(しはらいのさいそくをうけました). He urged me to reply quickly「彼は早く返事をするように催促した」(かれははやくへんじをするようにさいそくした). This term is commonly used in formal or business settings, where timely responses or actions are required.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4422

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Phrase

Reading

Kanji

句Phrase, Paragraph

Explanation

The Japanese noun '句 (く)' refers to a 'phrase' or a short group of words. It is commonly used in contexts related to poetry, literature, or grammar. For example, in haiku, a '句' is one of the three lines that make up the poem. It can also refer to idiomatic expressions or fixed phrases. Example sentences: This phrase is beautiful「この句は美しい」(このくはうつくしい). He wrote a haiku with three phrases「彼は三つの句で俳句を書いた」(かれはみっつのくではいくをかいた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4425

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Especially

Reading

Kanji

殊Special, Especially

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '殊に (ことに)' means 'especially' or 'particularly'. It is used to emphasize a specific point or to single out something as being more important or notable than others. This adverb is often used in formal or written contexts to highlight a particular aspect of a situation. For example: I especially like autumn「殊に秋が好きです」(ことにあきがすきです). This area is particularly quiet「この地域は殊に静かです」(このちいきはことにしずかです). The word '殊に' can also be used to indicate a contrast or exception, such as in the sentence: He is usually calm, but today he is especially nervous「彼は普段は落ち着いているが、今日は殊に緊張している」(かれはふだんはおちついているが、きょうはことにきんちょうしている).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4427

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Symbol

Reading

Kanji

徴Levy, Symptom 象Elephant, Phenomenon

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '象徴 (しょうちょう)' means 'symbol'. It refers to something that represents or stands for an idea, quality, or concept. This word is often used in contexts where an object, person, or event embodies a larger meaning or represents a significant idea. For example: The dove is a symbol of peace「鳩は平和の象徴です」(はとはへいわのしょうちょうです). This building symbolizes the city's history「この建物は街の歴史を象徴しています」(このたてものはまちのれきしをしょうちょうしています). The term is commonly used in discussions about culture, art, and philosophy.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4428

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Faint

Reading

Kanji

微Slight, Delicate

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '微か (かすか)' means 'faint'. It is used to describe something that is barely perceptible, weak, or subtle. This can refer to sounds, smells, lights, or even emotions. For example: I heard a faint sound「微かな音が聞こえた」(かすかなおとがきこえた). There was a faint light in the distance「遠くに微かな光があった」(とおくにかすかなひかりがあった). The word can also describe something that is vague or indistinct, such as a faint memory「微かな記憶」(かすかなきおく).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4429

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Play, Act

Reading

Kanji

芝Lawn, Turf 居Reside, Be

Explanation

The Japanese noun '芝居 (しばい)' primarily refers to a theatrical play or drama performed on stage. It can also mean 'acting' or 'pretending' in a broader sense, often used to describe someone's behavior when they are putting on an act or being insincere. For example: I watched a play at the theater「劇場で芝居を見た」(げきじょうでしばいをみた). He's just putting on an act「彼はただ芝居をしている」(かれはただしばいをしている). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe situations where someone is being dramatic or exaggerating their emotions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4439

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Apologize

Reading

Kanji

謝Apologize

Explanation

The Japanese verb '謝る (あやまる)' means 'to apologize'. It is used when someone expresses regret or admits fault for something they have done wrong. This verb is commonly used in both formal and informal situations. For example: I apologized to my friend「友達に謝った」(ともだちにあやまった). He apologized for being late「彼は遅れたことを謝った」(かれはおくれたことをあやまった). The verb can also be used in the form '謝ります (あやまります)' for polite speech, such as in a business setting. It is important to note that apologizing is a significant part of Japanese culture, and this verb is frequently used in daily interactions.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4440

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hosting

Reading

Kanji

司Director 会Meet

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '司会 (しかい)' refers to the act of hosting or presiding over an event, such as a meeting, ceremony, or TV show. It is commonly used to describe the role of a person who guides the flow of an event, introduces speakers, and ensures the event runs smoothly. For example: She is hosting the event「彼女は司会をしています」(かのじょはしかいをしています). He was the host of the conference「彼は会議の司会を務めました」(かれはかいぎのしかいをつとめました). The term emphasizes the responsibility and leadership involved in managing an event.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4447

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Purchase

Reading

Kanji

購Purchase, Subscription 入Enter

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '購入 (こうにゅう)' means 'purchase'. It refers to the act of buying or acquiring something, typically in a formal or commercial context. This term is often used in business settings, online shopping, or when discussing transactions. For example: I purchased a new car「新しい車を購入しました」(あたらしいくるまをこうにゅうしました). The company purchased new equipment「会社は新しい設備を購入しました」(かいしゃはあたらしいせつびをこうにゅうしました). It is important to note that '購入' is more formal than the verb '買う (かう)', which also means 'to buy' but is used in more casual contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4448

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lecture

Reading

Kanji

義Righteousness 講Lecture

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '講義 (こうぎ)' refers to a formal lecture or academic instruction, typically given by a teacher or professor in an educational setting. It is commonly used in universities and schools to describe a structured presentation of knowledge on a specific subject. For example: I attended a lecture on Japanese history「日本の歴史の講義に出席した」(にほんのれきしのこうぎにしゅっせきした). The professor gave a lecture on economics「教授が経済学の講義をした」(きょうじゅがけいざいがくのこうぎをした). This term is often associated with formal education and is distinct from casual or informal discussions.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4450

Composition

kanji

Handwriting