Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Kanji JLPT Level

word

Meaning

Address

Reading

Kanji

話Talk 掛Set, Hang

Explanation

The Japanese verb '話し掛ける (はなしかける)' means 'to address' or 'to start a conversation with someone'. It is used when someone initiates a conversation or speaks to another person, often to get their attention or to begin a dialogue. This verb implies an action of reaching out verbally to someone. For example: She addressed the stranger「彼女は見知らぬ人に話し掛けた」(かのじょはみしらぬひとにはなしかけた). He started a conversation with his colleague「彼は同僚に話し掛けた」(かれはどうりょうにはなしかけた). The verb can be used in various contexts, from casual to formal, depending on the situation and the relationship between the speakers.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3762

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Warning

Reading

Kanji

警Warn 告Announce

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '警告 (けいこく)' means 'warning'. It refers to an act of informing someone about a potential danger, problem, or consequence, often to prevent harm or mistakes. This term is commonly used in formal or serious contexts, such as legal, safety, or disciplinary situations. For example: The teacher gave a warning to the students「先生は生徒に警告をした」(せんせいはせいとにけいこくをした). The weather forecast issued a storm warning「天気予報は嵐の警告を出した」(てんきよほうはあらしのけいこくをだした). It can also be used metaphorically, as in: His actions were a warning to others「彼の行動は他の人への警告だった」(かれのこうどうはほかのひとへのけいこくだった).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3763

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Poor

Reading

Kanji

貧Poor

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '貧しい (まずしい)' means 'poor'. This adjective is used to describe a lack of material wealth or resources. It can refer to individuals, families, or even regions that are economically disadvantaged. For example: he is poor「彼は貧しい」(かれはまずしい). The village is poor「その村は貧しい」(そのむらはまずしい). Additionally, '貧しい' can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is lacking in quality or richness, such as '貧しい想像力 (まずしいそうぞうりょく) (poor imagination)'. This adjective is often used in contexts discussing social issues, economic conditions, or personal circumstances.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3765

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Diagram, Chart

Reading

Kanji

図Map 表Surface, Express

Explanation

The Japanese noun '図表 (ずひょう)' refers to a visual representation of data or information, such as a chart, graph, or diagram. It is commonly used in academic, business, and technical contexts to present complex information in an easily understandable format. For example: Please refer to the chart on page 5「5ページの図表を参照してください」(5ページのずひょうをさんしょうしてください). This diagram explains the process「この図表はプロセスを説明しています」(このずひょうはプロセスをせつめいしています). The word can also be used to describe tables or figures in reports or presentations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3769

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Robbery

Reading

Kanji

強Strong 盗Steal

Explanation

The Japanese noun '強盗 (ごうとう)' refers to the act of robbery, which involves stealing from a person or place using force or the threat of force. This term is often used in legal contexts and news reports to describe serious crimes. For example: The robbery happened at the bank「強盗は銀行で起こった」(ごうとうはぎんこうでおこった). He was arrested for robbery「彼は強盗で逮捕された」(かれはごうとうでたいほされた). The word can also be used to describe a robber, but the primary meaning is the act of robbery itself.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3772

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Suicide

Reading

Kanji

自Self 殺Kill

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '自殺 (じさつ)' means 'suicide'. It refers to the act of intentionally causing one's own death. This word is often used in serious or sensitive contexts, such as discussions about mental health, societal issues, or personal tragedies. For example: suicide is a serious problem「自殺は深刻な問題です」(じさつはしんこくなもんだいです). He committed suicide「彼は自殺した」(かれはじさつした). The term can also appear in compound words, such as '自殺防止 (じさつぼうし)' (suicide prevention). It is important to approach this word with care due to its sensitive nature.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3773

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Technique

Reading

Kanji

手Hand 法Law, Method

Explanation

The Japanese noun '手法 (しゅほう)' refers to a method, technique, or approach used to achieve something. It is often used in contexts related to art, craftsmanship, problem-solving, or strategy. For example: This artist's technique is unique「このアーティストの手法は独特だ」(このアーティストのしゅほうはどくとくだ). We need a new approach to solve this problem「この問題を解決するには新しい手法が必要だ」(このもんだいをかいけつするにはあたらしいしゅほうがひつようだ). The word emphasizes the systematic or skillful nature of the method being described.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3779

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Death in battle

Reading

Kanji

戦Fight, War 死Death

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '戦死 (せんし)' refers to 'death in battle'. It is used to describe the act of dying during combat or war. This term is often used in historical or military contexts. For example: He died in battle「彼は戦死した」(かれはせんしした). Many soldiers died in battle「多くの兵士が戦死した」(おおくのへいしがせんしした). The term carries a solemn and respectful tone, often used to honor those who lost their lives in conflict.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3781

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Confession

Reading

Kanji

告Announce 白White

Explanation

The Japanese noun '告白 (こくはく)' means 'confession'. It is commonly used to describe the act of confessing one's feelings, such as love, guilt, or a secret. This word is often used in romantic contexts, where someone confesses their love to another person. For example: He made a confession of love to her「彼は彼女に愛の告白をした」(かれはかのじょにあいのこくはくをした). She confessed her feelings to him「彼女は彼に自分の気持ちを告白した」(かのじょはかれにじぶんのきもちをこくはくした). The word can also be used in other contexts, such as confessing a crime or a mistake, but it is most frequently associated with romantic confessions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3783

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Jump into

Reading

Kanji

飛Fly 込Put in, Crowded

Explanation

The Japanese verb '飛び込む (とびこむ)' means 'to jump into' or 'to dive into'. It is used to describe the action of leaping or plunging into something, such as water, a situation, or a new activity. This verb can be used both literally and figuratively. For example: He jumped into the pool「彼はプールに飛び込んだ」(かれはプールにとびこんだ). She decided to dive into the new project「彼女は新しいプロジェクトに飛び込むことにした」(かのじょはあたらしいプロジェクトにとびこむことにした). The verb can also imply a sense of urgency or spontaneity, as in jumping into action without hesitation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3793

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Calmness

Reading

Kanji

落Fall 着Arrive, Wear

Explanation

The Japanese noun '落ち着き (おちつき)' refers to a state of calmness, composure, or tranquility. It is often used to describe a person's demeanor, a situation, or an environment that is peaceful and free from disturbance. For example: She has a calm demeanor「彼女は落ち着きがある」(かのじょはおちつきがある). The room has a calming atmosphere「その部屋は落ち着きがある」(そのへやはおちつきがある). This word can also imply stability or a settled state, such as in: The situation has calmed down「状況が落ち着きを取り戻した」(じょうきょうがおちつきをとりもどした).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3794

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lost item

Reading

Kanji

落Fall 物Thing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '落とし物 (おとしもの)' refers to an item that has been lost or left behind by someone. It is commonly used in public spaces like trains, buses, or parks, where people might accidentally leave their belongings. For example: I found a lost item「落とし物を見つけました」(おとしものをみつけました). Please take your lost item to the lost and found「落とし物を遺失物係に届けてください」(おとしものをいしつぶつがかりにとどけてください). The term emphasizes the accidental nature of losing something and is often used in announcements or notices to help reunite lost items with their owners.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3797

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Person in charge

Reading

Kanji

係Person in charge, Connection

Explanation

The Japanese noun '係 (かかり)' refers to a person who is in charge of a specific task, role, or responsibility. It is often used in workplaces, organizations, or events to designate someone responsible for a particular duty. For example: Please ask the person in charge「係の人に聞いてください」(かかりのひとにきいてください). The person in charge of this project is Tanaka「このプロジェクトの係は田中さんです」(このプロジェクトのかかりはたなかさんです). The term can also be used in contexts like 'customer service representative' (お客様係, おきゃくさまかかり) or 'event coordinator' (イベント係, イベントかかり).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3798

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exchange, Interaction

Reading

Kanji

交Mix 流Flow

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '交流 (こうりゅう)' refers to the act of exchanging or interacting, often used in contexts involving cultural, social, or informational exchange. It can describe interactions between people, groups, or even countries. For example: cultural exchange between Japan and the US「日本とアメリカの文化交流」(にほんとあめりかのぶんかこうりゅう). The students had a lively interaction with the professor「学生たちは教授と活発な交流をした」(がくせいたちはきょうじゅとかっぱつなこうりゅうをした). This term is commonly used in formal and informal settings to describe mutual exchange or communication.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3800

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Provision

Reading

Kanji

支Branch, Support 給Supply, Salary

Explanation

The Japanese noun '支給 (しきゅう)' refers to the act of providing or supplying something, often in an official or formal capacity. It is commonly used in contexts such as salary payments, benefits, or allowances provided by an organization or government. For example: The company provides a transportation allowance「会社は交通費を支給する」(かいしゃはこうつうひをしきゅうする). The government provides subsidies to farmers「政府は農家に補助金を支給する」(せいふはのうかにほじょきんをしきゅうする). The word emphasizes the formal or systematic nature of the provision, distinguishing it from casual or informal giving.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3801

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Downstream, Lower class

Reading

Kanji

下Down 流Flow

Explanation

The Japanese noun '下流 (かりゅう)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'downstream', referring to the part of a river or stream that is closer to its mouth or the direction in which the water flows. For example: The village is located downstream「その村は下流にあります」(そのむらはかりゅうにあります). The second meaning is 'lower class', referring to a social or economic class that is considered to be at the bottom of a hierarchy. For example: He comes from a lower-class family「彼は下流の家庭出身です」(かれはかりゅうのかていしゅっしんです). It's important to note that the context in which this word is used will determine which meaning is intended.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3804

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Current

Reading

Kanji

海Sea 流Flow

Explanation

The Japanese noun '海流 (かいりゅう)' refers to the flow or current of the ocean. It specifically describes the movement of water in the sea, which can be influenced by factors such as wind, temperature, and the Earth's rotation. This term is often used in scientific or geographical contexts. For example: The ocean current is strong「海流が強い」(かいりゅうがつよい). The Kuroshio Current is a well-known ocean current「黒潮は有名な海流です」(くろしおはゆうめいなかいりゅうです). Understanding 海流 is important for navigation, marine biology, and climate studies.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3805

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Third rate

Reading

Kanji

三Three 流Flow

Explanation

The Japanese noun '三流 (さんりゅう)' means 'third-rate'. It is used to describe something of low quality, inferior, or not up to standard. This term is often used in contexts like ranking, performance, or quality, where things are categorized into first-rate (一流), second-rate (二流), and third-rate (三流). For example: That restaurant is third-rate「あのレストランは三流だ」(あのレストランはさんりゅうだ). His skills are third-rate「彼の技術は三流だ」(かれのぎじゅつはさんりゅうだ). Note that this term can carry a negative connotation, so it should be used carefully.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3807

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Flushing

Reading

Kanji

水Water 洗Wash

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '水洗 (すいせん)' refers to the act of flushing or washing with water. It is commonly used in contexts related to sanitation, such as flushing toilets or cleaning with water. For example: This toilet uses water flushing「このトイレは水洗です」(このトイレはすいせんです). The floor was cleaned by water flushing「床は水洗で掃除されました」(ゆかはすいせんではいじょされました). The term is often associated with modern plumbing and hygiene practices.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3814

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Grandfather

Reading

Kanji

祖Ancestor 父Father

Explanation

The Japanese noun '祖父 (そふ)' refers to one's paternal grandfather. It is a formal term used to denote the father of one's father. This word is commonly used in both spoken and written Japanese when referring to or addressing one's grandfather. For example: My grandfather is kind「私の祖父は優しい」(わたしのそふはやさしい). I visited my grandfather「祖父を訪ねた」(そふをたずねた). It's important to note that '祖父' specifically refers to the paternal grandfather, while '外祖父 (がいそふ)' is used for the maternal grandfather, though '祖父' can sometimes be used more generally in casual contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3815

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Area

Reading

Kanji

面Face, Surface 積Accumulate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '面積 (めんせき)' refers to the 'area' of a surface or a two-dimensional space. It is commonly used in mathematical, geographical, and everyday contexts to describe the size of a space, such as land, rooms, or objects. For example: The area of this room is 20 square meters「この部屋の面積は20平方メートルです」(このへやのめんせきは20へいほうメートルです). The area of the park is large「公園の面積は広いです」(こうえんのめんせきはひろいです). This word is often used in technical or formal contexts, but it can also appear in casual conversations when discussing space or size.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3816

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Washing

Reading

Kanji

洗Wash 物Thing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '洗い物 (あらいもの)' refers to items that need to be washed or are being washed, such as dishes, laundry, or other washable objects. It is commonly used in household contexts. For example: I will do the washing「洗い物をします」(あらいものをします). The washing is piling up「洗い物がたまっている」(あらいものがたまっている). This word is often used in daily conversations about chores or cleaning tasks.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3817

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Beauty

Reading

Kanji

美Beautiful 人Person

Explanation

The Japanese noun '美人 (びじん)' refers to a beautiful woman or a beauty. It is commonly used to describe someone who is physically attractive, often emphasizing facial beauty. The term can be used in both formal and informal contexts, but it is generally considered a compliment. For example: She is a beauty「彼女は美人だ」(かのじょはびじんだ). That actress is a famous beauty「あの女優は有名な美人だ」(あのじょゆうはゆうめいなびじんだ). The word can also be used in idiomatic expressions or proverbs, such as '美人薄命 (びじんはくめい)', which means 'beautiful women often have unfortunate fates.'

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3818

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Manager

Reading

Kanji

部Section, Department 長Long, Leader

Explanation

The Japanese noun '部長 (ぶちょう)' refers to a 'manager' or 'head of a department' in a company or organization. This term is commonly used in professional settings to denote someone who holds a leadership position within a specific department. For example: The manager is busy「部長は忙しい」(ぶちょうはいそがしい). I will report to the manager「部長に報告します」(ぶちょうにほうこくします). The term emphasizes the hierarchical structure in Japanese workplaces and is often used with respect.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3824

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Philosophy

Reading

Kanji

理Reason 念Thought

Explanation

The Japanese noun '理念 (りねん)' refers to a fundamental principle, ideal, or philosophy that serves as the guiding belief or concept behind something. It is often used in formal or academic contexts to describe the core values or theoretical foundation of an organization, system, or ideology. For example: The company's philosophy is based on sustainability「その会社の理念は持続可能性に基づいている」(そのかいしゃのりねんはじぞくかのうせいにもとづいている). The educational philosophy emphasizes creativity「その教育理念は創造性を重視している」(そのきょういくりねんはそうぞうせいをじゅうししている). This word is commonly used in discussions about ethics, governance, or long-term visions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3826

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Return

Reading

Kanji

返Return

Explanation

The Japanese verb '返る (かえる)' means 'to return' or 'to go back'. It is often used to describe the act of returning to a place, state, or condition. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as returning home, returning to a previous state, or even returning an item. For example: I will return home「家に返る」(いえにかえる). The book returned to the library「本が図書館に返った」(ほんがとしょかんにかえった). It's important to note that '返る' is an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object. Instead, it often pairs with particles like 'に' to indicate the destination or target of the return.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3830

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cool

Reading

Kanji

冷Cold

Explanation

The Japanese verb '冷ます (さます)' means 'to cool'. This verb is used when referring to the action of reducing the temperature of something, typically food or drinks, to make it suitable for consumption or handling. It can also be used metaphorically to describe cooling down emotions or situations. For example: I cooled the tea「お茶を冷ました」(おちゃをさました). She cooled her anger「彼女は怒りを冷ました」(かのじょはおこりをさました). Note that '冷ます' is a transitive verb, meaning it requires a direct object to indicate what is being cooled.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3836

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

New

Reading

Kanji

新New 規Standard, Regulation

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '新規 (しんき)' means 'new' and is often used to describe something that is newly established, introduced, or started. It is commonly used in business contexts to refer to new customers, projects, or accounts. For example: We are looking for new customers「新規の顧客を探しています」(しんきのこきゃくをさがしています). This is a new project「これは新規のプロジェクトです」(これはしんきのぷろじぇくとです). The term emphasizes the freshness or novelty of the subject and is frequently used in formal or professional settings.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3839

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rights

Reading

Kanji

人Person 権Rights, Authority

Explanation

The Japanese noun '人権 (じんけん)' refers to 'human rights'. It is used to describe the fundamental rights and freedoms that belong to every individual, such as the right to life, liberty, and equality. This term is often used in legal, political, and social contexts. For example: Human rights must be respected「人権は尊重されなければならない」(じんけんはそんちょうされなければならない). The government is working to protect human rights「政府は人権を守るために働いている」(せいふはじんけんをまもるためにはたらいている). The concept of '人権' is deeply rooted in the idea of universal dignity and fairness.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3844

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Capital

Reading

Kanji

首Neck 都Metropolis

Explanation

The Japanese noun '首都 (しゅと)' refers to the capital city of a country or region. It is used to denote the primary city where the government is based and often serves as the political, cultural, and economic center. For example: Tokyo is the capital of Japan「東京は日本の首都です」(とうきょうはにほんのしゅとです). Paris is the capital of France「パリはフランスの首都です」(ぱりはふらんすのしゅとです). The term is neutral and can be used in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3855

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Above

Reading

Kanji

上Up 記Record

Explanation

The Japanese noun '上記 (じょうき)' means 'above' or 'the above-mentioned'. It is used to refer to something that has been previously mentioned or written in a text. This word is commonly used in formal or written contexts, such as documents, reports, or academic papers. For example: as mentioned above「上記の通り」(じょうきのとおり). Please refer to the above section「上記のセクションを参照してください」(じょうきのセクションをさんしょうしてください). It is important to note that '上記' is often used to avoid repetition and to make the text more concise.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3856

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Observation

Reading

Kanji

観View 察Guess

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '観察 (かんさつ)' means 'observation'. It refers to the act of carefully watching or examining something, often to gain information or understanding. This word is commonly used in scientific, educational, or everyday contexts. For example: careful observation is important in science「科学では注意深い観察が重要だ」(かがくではちゅういぶかいかんさつがじゅうようだ). I observed the behavior of birds「鳥の行動を観察した」(とりのこうどうをかんさつした). The word can also imply a systematic or detailed examination, as in '観察力 (かんさつりょく) (power of observation)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3865

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Appearance

Reading

Kanji

外Outside 観View

Explanation

The Japanese noun '外観 (がいかん)' refers to the external appearance or outward look of something, such as a building, object, or even a person. It is often used to describe the visual impression or facade of something. For example: The appearance of the building is modern「その建物の外観はモダンです」(そのたてもののがいかんはモダンです). She pays great attention to her appearance「彼女は外観に非常に気を遣います」(かのじょはがいかんにひじょうにきをつかいます). This word is commonly used in contexts related to design, architecture, or personal presentation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3866

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Resolution

Reading

Kanji

解Solve, Untie 消Extinguish

Explanation

The Japanese noun '解消 (かいしょう)' refers to the act of resolving, eliminating, or dissolving something, such as a problem, tension, or a condition. It is often used in contexts where an issue or situation is being cleared or settled. For example: The tension was resolved「緊張が解消された」(きんちょうがかいしょうされた). We need to resolve this problem「この問題を解消する必要がある」(このもんだいをかいしょうするひつようがある). The term can also be used in contexts like stress relief or dissolving a contract, emphasizing the idea of something being cleared or removed.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3874

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Official duty

Reading

Kanji

公Public 務Duty, Task

Explanation

The Japanese noun '公務 (こうむ)' refers to 'official duty' or 'public service'. It is commonly used to describe work or responsibilities carried out by government employees or public officials. This term emphasizes the formal and public nature of the duties. For example: He is busy with official duties「彼は公務で忙しい」(かれはこうむでいそがしい). Public officials must prioritize their official duties「公務員は公務を優先しなければならない」(こうむいんはこうむをゆうせんしなければならない). The word is often associated with roles in government, administration, or public institutions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3875

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bring in

Reading

Kanji

持Hold 込Put in, Crowded

Explanation

The Japanese verb '持ち込む (もちこむ)' means 'to bring in' or 'to carry in.' It is used when someone brings something into a specific place or context. This verb can be used in both literal contexts, such as bringing an object into a room, or figurative contexts, such as introducing an idea or issue into a conversation. For example: He brought his own food into the restaurant 「彼は自分の食べ物を持ち込んだ」 (かれはじぶんのたべものをもちこんだ). The lawyer introduced new evidence into the case 「弁護士は新しい証拠を持ち込んだ」 (べんごしはあたらしいしょうこをもちこんだ). Note that this verb is often used in situations where the act of bringing in something may have an impact on the surrounding environment or situation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3881

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Relative

Reading

Kanji

相Mutual 対Against

Explanation

The Japanese noun '相対 (そうたい)' means 'relative'. It refers to something that is considered in relation or comparison to something else, rather than being absolute. This term is often used in contexts involving comparison, relativity, or opposition. For example: relative position「相対的な位置」(そうたいてきないち). Relative truth「相対的な真実」(そうたいてきなしんじつ). The concept of '相対' is fundamental in discussions about perspectives, relationships, and comparisons in various fields such as philosophy, physics, and everyday life.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3883

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Illegal

Reading

Kanji

違Differ, Different 法Law, Method

Explanation

The Japanese noun '違法 (いほう)' means 'illegal'. It refers to actions, activities, or behaviors that are against the law or prohibited by legal regulations. This term is often used in legal, formal, or official contexts. For example: That act is illegal「その行為は違法だ」(そのこういはいほうだ). Illegal parking is strictly prohibited「違法駐車は厳禁です」(いほうちゅうしゃはげんきんです). The word can also be used in compound terms like '違法行為 (いほうこうい)' (illegal act) or '違法ダウンロード (いほうダウンロード)' (illegal download).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3884

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Follower

Reading

Kanji

徒Follower, Junior

Explanation

The Japanese noun '徒 (と)' means 'follower' or 'disciple'. It is often used to refer to someone who follows a particular person, group, or ideology. This term can carry a neutral or slightly negative connotation depending on the context, implying blind adherence or lack of independent thought. Example sentences: He is a follower of that philosophy「彼はその哲学の徒だ」(かれはそのてつがくのとだ). The followers of the cult were devoted「そのカルトの徒は熱心だった」(そのカルトのとはねっしんだった). Note that '徒' can also appear in compound words, such as '信徒 (しんと)' (believer) or '学徒 (がくと)' (student).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3886

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Enthusiastic

Reading

Kanji

熱Heat, Temperature 心Heart

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '熱心 (ねっしん)' means 'enthusiastic' or 'zealous'. It describes someone who is deeply committed, passionate, or earnest about something. This word is often used to describe a person's attitude or approach toward a task, hobby, or goal. For example: He is enthusiastic about studying「彼は勉強に熱心だ」(かれはべんきょうにねっしんだ). She is passionate about her work「彼女は仕事に熱心です」(かのじょはしごとにねっしんです). The word can also be used to describe a group or organization that is dedicated to a cause, such as '熱心なボランティア (ねっしんなぼらんてぃあ)' (enthusiastic volunteers).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3891

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Incorporate, Adopt

Reading

Kanji

取Take 入Enter

Explanation

The Japanese verb '取り入れる (とりいれる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to adopt', often used when referring to adopting ideas, methods, or systems. The second is 'to incorporate', which can refer to physically bringing something in or integrating something into a system. For example: The company adopted new technology「その会社は新しい技術を取り入れた」(そのかいしゃはあたらしいぎじゅつをとりいれた). She incorporated fresh ingredients into her cooking「彼女は新鮮な食材を料理に取り入れた」(かのじょはしんせんなしょくざいをりょうりにとりいれた). This verb is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to describe the process of integrating or adopting something new.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3893

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

God

Reading

Kanji

神God 様Way, Form

Explanation

The Japanese noun '神様 (かみさま)' refers to a 'god' or 'deity'. It is a respectful term used to refer to gods in various religions, including Shinto and Buddhism. The term carries a sense of reverence and is often used when speaking about or to a god. For example: I prayed to the god「神様に祈りました」(かみさまにいのりました). The god of this shrine is very powerful「この神社の神様はとても強いです」(このじんじゃのかみさまはとてもつよいです). The term can also be used metaphorically to refer to someone who is exceptionally skilled or revered in a particular field, such as 'a god of baseball'「野球の神様」(やきゅうのかみさま).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3894

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Crowded

Reading

Kanji

込Put in, Crowded

Explanation

The Japanese verb '込む (こむ)' primarily means 'to be crowded' or 'to be packed'. It is used to describe places or situations where there is a large number of people or things in a confined space, making it feel full or congested. For example: The train is crowded「電車が込んでいる」(でんしゃがこんでいる). The park is crowded on weekends「週末は公園が込んでいる」(しゅうまつはこうえんがこんでいる). Additionally, '込む' can also be used in compound verbs to indicate that something is done thoroughly or deeply, such as in '考え込む (かんがえこむ)' which means 'to think deeply'. However, the primary and most common usage of '込む' is to describe crowdedness.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3898

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bend

Reading

Kanji

曲Music, Bend

Explanation

The Japanese verb '曲がる (まがる)' means 'to bend' or 'to curve'. It is used to describe something that changes direction or shape, such as a road, a line, or an object. This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe a change in behavior or attitude. For example: The road bends to the right「道が右に曲がる」(みちがみぎにまがる). The metal rod bent under the weight「金属の棒が重みで曲がった」(きんぞくのぼうがおもみでまがった). He never bends the rules「彼は決してルールを曲げない」(かれはけっしてルールをまげない). Note that '曲がる' is an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object, while its transitive counterpart '曲げる (まげる)' means 'to bend something'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3910

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

King

Reading

Kanji

王King 様Way, Form

Explanation

The Japanese noun '王様 (おうさま)' means 'king'. It is used to refer to a male monarch or ruler of a kingdom. This term carries a sense of respect and authority, often used in fairy tales, historical contexts, or to describe someone with great power or influence. For example: The king ruled the country wisely「王様は国を賢く治めた」(おうさまはくにをかしこくおさめた). The king wore a golden crown「王様は金色の王冠をかぶっていた」(おうさまはきんいろのおうかんをかぶっていた). Note that '王様' is more commonly used in storytelling or formal contexts, while '王 (おう)' is a more neutral term for 'king'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3920

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Child rearing

Reading

Kanji

子Child 育Raise, Grow

Explanation

The Japanese noun '子育て (こそだて)' refers to the act of raising or bringing up children. It encompasses all aspects of parenting, including physical, emotional, and educational care. This term is often used in discussions about family life, parenting challenges, and societal support for families. For example: Child rearing is a rewarding experience「子育てはやりがいのある経験です」(こそだてはやりがいのあるけいけんです). She is dedicated to child rearing「彼女は子育てに専念しています」(かのじょはこそだてにせんねんしています). The government provides support for child rearing「政府は子育て支援を提供しています」(せいふはこそだてしえんをていきょうしています).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3923

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Grandmother

Reading

Kanji

祖Ancestor 母Mother

Explanation

The Japanese noun '祖母 (そぼ)' refers to one's grandmother, specifically the mother of one's father or mother. It is a formal and respectful term used to refer to one's grandmother in various contexts. For example: My grandmother is kind「私の祖母は優しい」(わたしのそぼはやさしい). I visited my grandmother「祖母を訪ねた」(そぼをたずねた). The term is commonly used in both spoken and written Japanese, and it carries a sense of respect and affection. It is important to note that '祖母' is used specifically for one's own grandmother, and not for someone else's grandmother, for which the term 'おばあさん' might be more appropriate.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3924

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Plan, Conception

Reading

Kanji

構Structure, Care 想Concept

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '構想 (こうそう)' refers to the act of conceiving or planning something, often in a creative or strategic context. It can describe the process of forming an idea or the blueprint for a project, story, or system. For example: The conception of this novel took years「この小説の構想には何年もかかりました」(このしょうせつのこうそうにはなんねんもかかりました). The plan for the new city was impressive「新しい都市の構想は印象的でした」(あたらしいとしのこうそうはいんしょうてきでした). This word is often used in contexts involving innovation, design, or strategy.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3928

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Throw

Reading

Kanji

投Throw

Explanation

The Japanese verb '投げる (なげる)' means 'to throw'. It is used to describe the action of propelling something through the air with force, typically using the hands. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as throwing a ball, discarding something, or even metaphorically, like giving up on something. For example: he throws the ball「彼はボールを投げる」(かれはボールをなげる). I threw away the old magazine「古い雑誌を投げた」(ふるいざっしをなげた). In a more abstract sense, it can also mean to abandon or give up, as in 'he gave up on the project'「彼はプロジェクトを投げた」(かれはプロジェクトをなげた).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3932

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rank, About

Reading

Kanji

位Rank

Explanation

The Japanese noun '位 (くらい)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'rank', referring to a position or status within a hierarchy. For example: he holds a high rank「彼は高い位にある」(かれはたかいくらいにある). The second meaning is 'about', used to indicate an approximate amount or degree. For example: it's about 10 kilometers「10キロくらいです」(じゅっキロくらいです). The context usually makes it clear which meaning is intended. When used to mean 'about', it often follows a quantity or measurement.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3936

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sadness

Reading

Kanji

悲Sad

Explanation

The Japanese noun '悲しみ (かなしみ)' means 'sadness'. It refers to the emotional state of feeling sorrow or grief. This word is often used to describe deep emotional pain or melancholy. For example: I feel sadness「悲しみを感じる」(かなしみをかんじる). Her sadness was evident「彼女の悲しみは明らかだった」(かのじょのかなしみはあきらかだった). The word can also be used in poetic or literary contexts to evoke a sense of profound emotional depth.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3942

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Targeted

Reading

Kanji

向Facing, Yonder

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '向け (むけ)' is used to indicate that something is targeted or intended for a specific group, audience, or purpose. It is often attached to nouns to specify the intended recipient or focus of an item, service, or content. For example: a book for children「子供向けの本」(こどもむけのほん). This product is aimed at beginners「この製品は初心者向けです」(このせいひんはしょしんしゃむけです). The suffix can also imply suitability or appropriateness for the target group. It is commonly used in marketing, product descriptions, and media to clarify the intended audience.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3944

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Crossing

Reading

Kanji

横Sideways 断Decide, Cut off

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '横断 (おうだん)' means 'crossing'. It refers to the act of crossing something, such as a street, river, or area. It is often used in contexts involving movement from one side to another. For example: crossing the street「横断歩道を渡る」(おうだんほどうをわたる). The word can also be used in broader contexts, such as crossing a desert「砂漠を横断する」(さばくをおうだんする). It is important to note that '横断' is often used in compound words, such as '横断歩道 (おうだんほどう)' (crosswalk).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3945

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Impose

Reading

Kanji

押Push, Press down 付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese verb '押し付ける (おしつける)' means 'to impose' or 'to force something onto someone'. It is often used when someone is making another person accept or deal with something they may not want, such as responsibilities, opinions, or tasks. This verb carries a nuance of pressure or coercion. For example: He imposed his opinion on me「彼は意見を私に押し付けた」(かれはけんをわたしにおしつけた). Don't force your work onto others「仕事を他人に押し付けないで」(しごとをたにんにおしつけないで). The verb can also imply a physical action of pressing or pushing something onto someone or something, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3950

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Together

Reading

Kanji

一One 緒Beginning, Together

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '一緒 (いっしょ)' means 'together'. It is commonly used to indicate that people or things are in the same place, doing the same thing, or sharing the same state. It can also imply unity or cooperation. For example: Let's go together「一緒に行きましょう」(いっしょにいきましょう). We ate together「一緒に食べました」(いっしょにたべました). It is often used with particles like 'に' to form phrases like '一緒に (いっしょに)', which means 'together with'. This word is versatile and can be used in both casual and formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3958

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Assumption

Reading

Kanji

想Concept 定Determine

Explanation

The Japanese noun '想定 (そうてい)' means 'assumption' or 'supposition'. It refers to a scenario or condition that is assumed or hypothesized for the purpose of planning, analysis, or discussion. This word is often used in contexts like business, disaster preparedness, or strategic planning. For example: We need to consider all possible assumptions「すべての想定を考慮する必要がある」(すべてのそうていをこうりょするひつようがある). The assumption of a natural disaster is crucial for emergency planning「自然災害の想定は緊急計画に重要だ」(しぜんさいがいのそうていはきんきゅうけいかくにじゅうようだ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3963

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Relation

Reading

Kanji

関Barrier, Related

Explanation

The Japanese noun '関わり (かかわり)' means 'relation' or 'involvement'. It refers to a connection or association between people, things, or events. This word is often used to describe how one thing affects or is connected to another. For example: the relation between diet and health「食事と健康の関わり」(しょくじとけんこうのかかわり). His involvement in the project was significant「彼のプロジェクトへの関わりは大きかった」(かれのプロジェクトへのかかわりはおおきかった). The nuance of this word often implies a deeper or more meaningful connection rather than a superficial one.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3969

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Defense

Reading

Kanji

守Protect 備Equip, Provide

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '守備 (しゅび)' means 'defense'. It is commonly used in contexts related to sports, military, or general protection. In sports, it refers to the act of defending against an opponent's attack. For example: His defense is strong「彼の守備は強い」(かれのしゅびはつよい). The team needs to improve their defense「チームは守備を改善する必要がある」(チームはしゅびをかいぜんするひつようがある). In a broader sense, it can also refer to safeguarding or protecting something, such as in 'national defense' (国防, こくぼう).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3972

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Returning home

Reading

Kanji

帰Return 宅House

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '帰宅 (きたく)' means 'returning home'. It is used to describe the act of going back to one's home, typically after being out for work, school, or other activities. This term is often used in formal or written contexts. For example: I will be returning home late tonight「今夜は帰宅が遅くなります」(こんやはきたくがおそくなります). After returning home, I took a bath「帰宅してからお風呂に入りました」(きたくしてからおふろにはいりました). The term can also be used in compound verbs, such as '帰宅する (きたくする)', which means 'to return home'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3975

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Residential area

Reading

Kanji

住Live 宅House 地Ground

Explanation

TheJapanese noun'住宅地(じゅうたくち)'means'residentialarea'.Itreferstoanareaorzonewherehousingpredominates,typicallycharacterizedbyhomes,apartments,andrelatedresidentialstructures.Thiswordisoftenusedinurbanplanning,realestate,anddailyconversationstodescribepartsofacityortownthatareprimarilyforlivingpurposes.Forexample:Iliveinaquietresidentialarea「私は静かな住宅地に住んでいます」(わたしはしずかなじゅうたくちにすんでいます).Thisareaisdevelopingintoanewresidentialarea「この地域は新しい住宅地に発展しています」(このちいきはあたらしいじゅうたくちにはってんしています).Notethat'住宅地'iscommonlyusedincontrasttocommercialorindustrialareas.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3980

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Retreat, Backtrack

Reading

Kanji

後After, Behind 戻Return

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '後戻り (あともどり)' refers to the act of going back, retreating, or backtracking, either physically or metaphorically. It can describe returning to a previous location, reverting to an earlier state, or reconsidering a decision. For example: There's no retreat now「今は後戻りできない」(いまはあともどりできない). He backtracked on his decision「彼は決断を後戻りした」(かれはけつだんをあともどりした). This word is often used in contexts where progress is halted or reversed, emphasizing the inability or reluctance to move forward.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3987

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Republic

Reading

Kanji

共Together 和Peace

Explanation

The Japanese noun '共和 (きょうわ)' means 'republic'. It refers to a form of government where power is held by the people and their elected representatives, rather than a monarch. This term is often used in political or historical contexts. For example: France is a republic「フランスは共和制です」(フランスはきょうわせいです). The republic was established after the revolution「革命の後、共和制が確立された」(かくめいのあと、きょうわせいがかくりつされた). The word can also appear in compound terms like '共和国 (きょうわこく)' meaning 'republic' as in the name of a country.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3990

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Calm

Reading

Kanji

静Quiet

Explanation

The Japanese verb '静まる (しずまる)' means 'to calm down' or 'to become quiet'. It is used to describe a situation, place, or person becoming calm or quiet after a period of noise, activity, or disturbance. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as describing the calming of a storm, the quieting of a crowd, or the settling of emotions. For example: The storm has calmed down「嵐が静まった」(あらしがしずまった). The room became quiet after the teacher entered「先生が入ってきて、部屋が静まった」(せんせいがはいってきて、へやがしずまった). It is important to note that '静まる' often implies a natural or gradual process of becoming calm or quiet.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3993

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Promissory note

Reading

Kanji

手Hand 形Shape

Explanation

The Japanese noun '手形 (てがた)' refers to a 'promissory note', which is a financial instrument where one party promises in writing to pay a determinate sum of money to the other, either at a fixed or determinable future time or on demand of the payee. It is commonly used in business transactions. For example: The company issued a promissory note「会社は手形を発行した」(かいしゃはてがたをはっこうした). He paid with a promissory note「彼は手形で支払った」(かれはてがたではらった). This term is specific to financial contexts and is not used in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3994

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Whole area

Reading

Kanji

一One 面Face, Surface

Explanation

The Japanese noun '一面 (いちめん)' refers to a 'whole area' or 'entire surface' of something. It is often used to describe a vast, uninterrupted expanse or a complete view of a particular scene or situation. For example: the whole area was covered in snow「一面が雪で覆われていた」(いちめんがゆきでおおわれていた). The entire surface of the lake was calm「湖の一面が静かだった」(みずうみのいちめんがしずかだった). This word can also be used metaphorically to describe a broad perspective or a comprehensive view of a situation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3996

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Residence

Reading

Kanji

住Live 居Reside, Be

Explanation

The Japanese noun '住居 (じゅうきょ)' refers to a place where someone lives, such as a house, apartment, or dwelling. It is a formal term often used in legal, official, or technical contexts. For example: This is my residence「ここは私の住居です」(ここはわたしのじゅうきょです). The residence is located in the city center「その住居は市の中心にあります」(そのじゅうきょはしのちゅうしんにあります). Note that '住居' is more formal than everyday terms like '家 (いえ)' or '住まい (すまい).'

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3997

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Origin

Reading

Kanji

由Reason 来Come

Explanation

The Japanese noun '由来 (ゆらい)' refers to the origin or source of something, often used to describe the historical or cultural background of a tradition, custom, or object. It can also imply the reason or cause behind something. For example: The origin of this festival is ancient「この祭りの由来は古いです」(このまつりのゆらいはふるいです). The story behind this tradition is interesting「この伝統の由来は面白いです」(このでんとうのゆらいはおもしろいです). This word is commonly used in contexts discussing history, culture, or etymology.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4016

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Last night

Reading

Kanji

昨Yesterday, Previous 夜Night

Explanation

The Japanese noun '昨夜 (さくや)' refers to 'last night' or 'yesterday night'. It is used to indicate the night of the previous day. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to refer to events or actions that occurred during the night before the current day. For example: I went to bed late last night「昨夜は遅く寝ました」(さくやはおそくねました). It rained last night「昨夜は雨が降りました」(さくやはあめがふりました). The word '昨夜' is often used in conversation and writing to specify the time frame of past events.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4023

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Time

Reading

Kanji

時Time, Hour 刻Engrave

Explanation

The Japanese noun '時刻 (じこく)' refers to a specific point in time or the exact time of an event. It is often used in formal contexts or when precision regarding time is necessary. For example: What time is it now?「今の時刻は何時ですか？」(いまのじこくはなんじですか？). The train departs at 8:00 sharp「電車は8時ちょうどに発車します」(でんしゃは8じちょうどにはっしゃします). This word is commonly seen in schedules, announcements, and formal settings where exact timing is important.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4025

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Japan United States

Reading

Kanji

日Day, Sun 米Rice

Explanation

The Japanese noun '日米 (にちべい)' refers to the relationship or matters involving both Japan and the United States. It is a compound word combining '日' (にち), meaning 'Japan', and '米' (べい), meaning 'America' or 'US'. This term is often used in contexts discussing diplomatic relations, trade agreements, cultural exchanges, or comparative studies between the two countries. For example: The Japan-US relationship is strong「日米関係は強い」(にちべいかんけいはつよい). The Japan-US trade agreement was signed「日米貿易協定が調印された」(にちべいぼうえききょうていがちょういんされた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4031

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Road

Reading

Kanji

路Path

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '路 (ろ)' means 'road' or 'path'. It is often used in compound words to denote a route, way, or passage. This suffix is commonly found in place names or terms related to travel and direction. For example: mountain road「山道」(やまみち). This suffix can also imply a metaphorical path or journey, as in the path of life「人生の路」(じんせいのみち). It is important to note that '路' is typically used in formal or literary contexts and is less common in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4033

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Misunderstanding

Reading

Kanji

誤Mistake 解Solve, Untie

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '誤解 (ごかい)' means 'misunderstanding'. It refers to a situation where someone interprets something incorrectly or fails to grasp the true meaning of a statement, action, or situation. This word is often used in contexts where clarity or communication is important, and it can describe both minor and significant misunderstandings. For example: There was a misunderstanding between us「私たちの間に誤解があった」(わたしたちのあいだにごかいがあった). Please don't misunderstand me「私を誤解しないでください」(わたしをごかいしないでください). The word can also be used in formal or informal settings, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4035

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Attach

Reading

Kanji

付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'くっ付ける (くっつける)' means 'to attach' or 'to stick something to something else'. It is often used when describing the action of physically joining two objects together, such as with glue, tape, or other adhesives. This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe the act of bringing people or ideas together. For example: I attached the paper to the wall「紙を壁にくっ付けた」(かみをかべにくっつけた). Let's stick these two pieces together「この二つをくっ付けよう」(このふたつをくっつけよう). The teacher tried to bring the students together「先生は生徒たちをくっ付けようとした」(せんせいはせいとたちをくっつけようとした).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4040

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Entrust

Reading

Kanji

言Say 付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese verb '言付ける (ことづける)' means 'to entrust' or 'to ask someone to deliver a message or item on your behalf. It is often used when you cannot personally deliver something and rely on another person to do so. For example: I entrusted him with a message「彼にメッセージを言付けた」(かれにメッセージをことづけた). She asked me to deliver this letter「彼女はこの手紙を言付けた」(かのじょはこのてがみをことづけた). This verb is commonly used in situations involving communication or delivery, emphasizing reliance on another person.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4045

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shop

Reading

Kanji

商Trade, Deal 店Shop

Explanation

The Japanese noun '商店 (しょうてん)' refers to a 'shop' or 'store', typically a small to medium-sized retail establishment. It is commonly used to describe local businesses or family-run shops that sell goods directly to consumers. The term often carries a sense of community and tradition, as many 商店 are long-standing businesses in neighborhoods. Example sentences: There is a small shop near my house「私の家の近くに商店があります」(わたしのいえのちかくにしょうてんがあります). The shop sells fresh vegetables「その商店は新鮮な野菜を売っています」(そのしょうてんはしんせんなやさいをうっています).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4049

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Commemoration

Reading

Kanji

記Record 念Thought

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '記念 (きねん)' means 'commemoration'. It refers to the act of remembering or celebrating a significant event, person, or achievement. This word is often used in contexts like ceremonies, events, or objects created to honor a memory. For example: This monument is a commemoration of peace「この記念碑は平和の記念です」(このきねんひはへいわのきねんです). We held a commemoration ceremony「記念式典を行いました」(きねんしきてんをおこないました). It can also be used in compound words like '記念日 (きねんび)' (anniversary) or '記念品 (きねんひん)' (souvenir).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4058

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Deadline

Reading

Kanji

期Time, Period 限Limit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '期限 (きげん)' refers to a 'deadline' or 'time limit'. It is commonly used in contexts where a specific period or date is set for the completion of a task, submission of documents, or expiration of something. For example: The deadline for the report is tomorrow「レポートの期限は明日です」(レポートのきげんはあしたです). The expiration date of this product is next month「この商品の期限は来月です」(このしょうひんのきげんはらいげつです). This word is often used in formal or professional settings, such as work, school, or legal matters.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4059

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Executive

Reading

Kanji

役Duty 員Member

Explanation

The Japanese noun '役員 (やくいん)' refers to an 'executive' or a 'board member' in a company or organization. It is commonly used to describe individuals who hold high-ranking positions, such as directors, officers, or managers, responsible for making important decisions. For example: He is an executive of the company「彼は会社の役員です」(かれはかいしゃのやくいんです). The board members held a meeting「役員たちは会議を開きました」(やくいんたちはかいぎをひらきました). This term is often used in formal or business contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4060

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Prepare, Assume

Reading

Kanji

構Structure, Care

Explanation

The Japanese verb '構える (かまえる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to prepare' or 'to set up,' often used in contexts where someone is getting ready for something, such as preparing a stance or setting up equipment. For example: He prepared his camera「彼はカメラを構えた」(かれはカメラをかまえた). The second meaning is 'to assume' or 'to adopt,' often used when someone takes on a particular attitude or posture. For example: She assumed a defensive stance「彼女は防御の姿勢を構えた」(かのじょはぼうぎょのしせいをかまえた). This verb is versatile and can be used in both physical and metaphorical contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4061

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Imitation

Reading

Kanji

真Truth 似Resemble

Explanation

The Japanese noun '真似 (まね)' means 'imitation' or 'mimicry'. It refers to the act of copying or replicating someone's actions, behavior, or style. This word is often used in contexts where someone is mimicking another person, either for fun, learning, or mockery. For example: children often imitate adults「子供はよく大人の真似をする」(こどもはよくおとなのまねをする). He is good at imitating famous people「彼は有名人の真似が上手い」(かれはゆうめいじんのまねがうまい). The word can also be used in a negative sense, such as when someone is copying another's work or ideas without originality.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4069

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Line, Matrix

Reading

Kanji

行Go 列File

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '行列 (ぎょうれつ)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning refers to a 'line' or 'queue' of people waiting for something, such as at a store or event. For example: there was a long line at the bakery「パン屋に長い行列があった」(ぱんやにながいぎょうれつがあった). The second meaning refers to a 'matrix' in mathematics, which is a rectangular array of numbers, symbols, or expressions arranged in rows and columns. For example: this matrix is difficult to solve「この行列は解くのが難しい」(このぎょうれつはとくのがむずかしい). The context usually makes it clear which meaning is intended, as the first is more common in everyday situations, while the second is used in academic or technical contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4081

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Example

Reading

Kanji

実Fruit, Truth 例Example

Explanation

The Japanese noun '実例 (じつれい)' means 'example' or 'instance'. It refers to a concrete or actual case that illustrates a point or serves as evidence. This word is often used in formal or academic contexts to provide proof or to demonstrate a concept. For example: Here is an example of a successful project「ここに成功したプロジェクトの実例があります」(ここにせいこうしたプロジェクトのじつれいがあります). This is a real-life example of the theory「これはその理論の実例です」(これはそのりろんのじつれいです). The word emphasizes the factual or tangible nature of the example being presented.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4084

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

High level

Reading

Kanji

高High, Expensive 等Equal

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '高等 (こうとう)' means 'high-level' or 'advanced'. It is often used to describe something of a higher grade, rank, or complexity. For example, it is commonly used in educational contexts to refer to advanced studies or institutions, such as high schools or higher education. Example sentences: This is a high-level course「これは高等なコースです」(これはこうとうなコースです). He attends a high-level school「彼は高等な学校に通っています」(かれはこうとうながっこうにかよっています). The term can also be used in other contexts to describe advanced or sophisticated things, such as technology or skills.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4087

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Serious

Reading

Kanji

深Deep 刻Engrave

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '深刻 (しんこく)' means 'serious'. It is used to describe situations, problems, or emotions that are grave, severe, or deeply concerning. This word often conveys a sense of urgency or importance. For example: The situation is serious「状況は深刻だ」(じょうきょうはしんこくだ). He has a serious expression「彼は深刻な表情をしている」(かれはしんこくなひょうじょうをしている). The problem is becoming more serious「問題は深刻化している」(もんだいはしんこくかしている). Note that '深刻' is often used in contexts involving societal issues, personal dilemmas, or critical circumstances.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4088

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Market price

Reading

Kanji

相Mutual 場Place

Explanation

The Japanese noun '相場 (そうば)' refers to the market price or current rate of something, often used in the context of stocks, commodities, or currency exchange. It can also imply the general consensus or going rate for something in a more abstract sense. For example: The market price of gold is high today「今日の金の相場は高い」(きょうのきんのそうばはたかい). What's the going rate for part-time jobs these days?「最近のアルバイトの相場はいくらですか？」(さいきんのアルバイトのそうばはいくらですか？). This term is commonly used in financial and economic discussions but can also apply to everyday situations where a standard rate or price is discussed.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4089

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Talent

Reading

Kanji

才Talent, Age 能Ability

Explanation

The Japanese noun '才能 (さいのう)' refers to a natural ability or talent that someone possesses. It is often used to describe innate skills or aptitudes in various fields such as arts, sports, or academics. For example: She has a talent for painting「彼女は絵を描く才能がある」(かのじょはえをかくさいのうがある). His talent in music is remarkable「彼の音楽の才能は素晴らしい」(かれのおんがくのさいのうはすばらしい). The word can also be used in a broader sense to describe potential or capability in a particular area.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4097

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Prewar

Reading

Kanji

戦Fight, War 前Before, Front

Explanation

The Japanese noun '戦前 (せんぜん)' refers to the period before a war, specifically the time before World War II in Japan. It is often used in historical contexts to describe events, policies, or societal conditions that existed prior to the war. For example: Life in Japan before the war was different「戦前の日本での生活は違っていた」(せんぜんのにほんでのせいかつはちがっていた). Prewar architecture is still preserved in some areas「戦前の建築はまだいくつかの地域で保存されている」(せんぜんのけんちくはまだいくつかのちいきでほぞんされている). The term is commonly used in discussions about history, culture, and politics.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4099

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Complaint

Reading

Kanji

苦Suffer 情Feeling, Emotion

Explanation

The Japanese noun '苦情 (くじょう)' means 'complaint'. It refers to an expression of dissatisfaction or grievance about something. This word is commonly used in formal or serious contexts, such as when someone voices a complaint about a service, product, or situation. For example: The customer filed a complaint「お客様が苦情を申し立てました」(おきゃくさまがくじょうをもうしたてました). There were many complaints about the noise「騒音について多くの苦情がありました」(そうおんについておおくのくじょうがありました). Note that '苦情' is often used in professional or official settings, and it carries a formal tone.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4109

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Struggle, Effort

Reading

Kanji

苦Suffer 心Heart

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '苦心 (くしん)' refers to the act of putting in great effort or struggling to achieve something, often implying difficulty or hardship. It is commonly used to describe the mental or emotional strain involved in overcoming challenges. For example: He put a lot of effort into the project「彼はそのプロジェクトに苦心した」(かれはそのプロジェクトにくしんした). The teacher struggled to explain the concept「先生はその概念を説明するのに苦心した」(せんせいはそのがいねんをせつめいするのにくしんした). This word emphasizes the hardship or difficulty faced during the process.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4110

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Parts

Reading

Kanji

部Section, Department 品Product

Explanation

The Japanese noun '部品 (ぶひん)' refers to 'parts' or 'components', typically used in the context of machinery, electronics, or other technical systems. It is commonly used to describe individual pieces that make up a larger device or system. For example: I bought spare parts for the car「車の部品を買いました」(くるまのぶひんをかいました). These parts are essential for the machine「これらの部品は機械に必要です」(これらのぶひんはきかいにとくべつです). The word is neutral and can be used in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4111

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Torment

Reading

Kanji

苦Suffer

Explanation

The Japanese verb '苦しめる (くるしめる)' means 'to torment' or 'to cause suffering'. It is used to describe the act of making someone or something experience pain, distress, or hardship. This verb can be used in both physical and emotional contexts. For example: He tormented his younger brother「彼は弟を苦しめた」(かれはおとうとをくるしめた). The disease tormented her for years「その病気は彼女を何年も苦しめた」(そのびょうきはかのじょをなんねんもくるしめた). The verb often implies a deliberate or ongoing action that causes suffering.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4113

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Peak, Middle

Reading

Kanji

最Most 中Center

Explanation

The Japanese noun '最中 (さいちゅう)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'middle', referring to the midpoint or ongoing state of an event or period. For example: in the middle of the meeting「会議の最中です」(かいぎのさいちゅうです). The second meaning is 'peak', referring to the height or climax of something, such as an event or season. For example: during the peak of summer「夏の最中に」(なつのさいちゅうに). The word is often used to emphasize the ongoing or intense nature of a situation. Another example: in the middle of a storm「嵐の最中」(あらしのさいちゅう).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4114

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hardship

Reading

Kanji

苦Suffer 労Labor

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '苦労 (くろう)' refers to 'hardship' or 'difficulty'. It is often used to describe the struggles, efforts, or troubles one experiences in life or work. This word carries a nuance of enduring or overcoming challenges. For example: He went through a lot of hardship「彼はたくさんの苦労をした」(かれはたくさんのくろうをした). Raising children involves a lot of hardship「子供を育てるのは苦労が多い」(こどもをそだてるのはくろうがおおい). The word can also be used in expressions like '苦労する (くろうする)', meaning 'to struggle' or 'to go through difficulties'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4118

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Work, Labor

Reading

Kanji

勤Diligence 労Labor

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '勤労 (きんろう)' refers to the act of labor or work, often in the context of employment or contributing to society. It is commonly used in formal or official contexts, such as discussing labor laws, workers' rights, or societal contributions. For example: Labor Day is a day to honor workers「勤労感謝の日は労働者を称える日です」(きんろうかんしゃのひはろうどうしゃをたたえるひです). He is dedicated to his work「彼は勤労に励んでいます」(かれはきんろうにはげんでいます). The term can also appear in compound words, such as '勤労意欲 (きんろういよく)' (work motivation) or '勤労者 (きんろうしゃ)' (worker).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4119

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cause, Trigger

Reading

Kanji

引Pull 起Wake up

Explanation

The Japanese verb '引き起こす (ひきおこす)' means 'to cause' or 'to trigger'. It is used to describe the act of bringing about a situation, event, or condition, often with a focus on the consequences. This verb can be used in both positive and negative contexts, but it is more commonly associated with negative outcomes. For example: The heavy rain caused a flood「大雨が洪水を引き起こした」(おおあめがこうずいをひきおこした). His careless remark triggered an argument「彼の不用意な発言が議論を引き起こした」(かれのふよういなはつげんがぎろんをひきおこした). It is important to note that '引き起こす' often implies a direct or significant impact, making it suitable for serious or notable events.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4121

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Overwork

Reading

Kanji

過Exceed, Error 労Labor

Explanation

The Japanese noun '過労 (かろう)' refers to the state of being overworked or suffering from excessive fatigue due to prolonged work. It is often used in contexts related to health, workplace stress, or labor issues. For example: He collapsed from overwork「彼は過労で倒れた」(かれはかろうでたおれた). Overwork can lead to serious health problems「過労は深刻な健康問題を引き起こすことがある」(かろうはしんこくなけんこうもんだいをひきおこすことがある). This term is commonly associated with discussions about work-life balance and the negative effects of excessive working hours.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4122

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Difficulty

Reading

Kanji

困Trouble, Distress 難Difficult

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '困難 (こんなん)' means 'difficulty'. It refers to a state of being hard to accomplish, deal with, or overcome. This word is often used to describe challenging situations, problems, or obstacles. For example: overcoming difficulties「困難を乗り越える」(こんなんをのりこえる). The difficulty of the task「その課題の困難」(そのかだいのこんなん). It can also be used in phrases like 'financial difficulties'「財政困難」(ざいせいこんなん). Note that '困難' is a noun and is often used in formal or serious contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4123

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Difference

Reading

Kanji

相Mutual 違Differ, Different

Explanation

The Japanese noun '相違 (そうい)' means 'difference'. It is used to describe a distinction or discrepancy between two or more things, ideas, or situations. This word is often used in formal or written contexts to highlight contrasts or disagreements. For example: there is a difference in opinion「意見に相違がある」(いけんにそういがある). The difference between the two plans is clear「二つの計画の相違は明らかだ」(ふたつのけいかくのそういはあきらかだ). Note that '相違' is more formal than other words like '違い (ちがい)', which is more commonly used in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4127

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Chase

Reading

Kanji

追Follow 掛Set, Hang

Explanation

The Japanese verb '追い掛ける (おいかける)' means 'to chase' or 'to pursue'. It is used to describe the action of following someone or something quickly in order to catch them. This verb can be used in both literal and figurative contexts. For example: The dog chased the cat「犬は猫を追い掛けた」(いぬはねこをおいかけた). He is chasing his dreams「彼は夢を追い掛けている」(かれはゆめをおいかけている). The verb often implies a sense of urgency or determination in the pursuit.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4128

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fortunate

Reading

Kanji

幸Happiness

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '幸い (さいわい)' means 'fortunate' or 'luckily'. It is used to describe a situation or outcome that is favorable or beneficial. This word can also function as an adverb, meaning 'fortunately' or 'luckily'. For example: Fortunately, it didn't rain「幸い、雨は降らなかった」(さいわい、あめはふらなかった). It was fortunate that he arrived on time「彼が時間通りに到着して幸いだった」(かれがじかんどおりにとうちゃくしてさいわいだった). The word often carries a sense of gratitude or relief about the positive outcome.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4131

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting