言Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Kanji JLPT Level

word

Meaning

Lose

Reading

Kanji

敗Defeat

Explanation

The Japanese verb '敗れる (やぶれる)' means 'to lose' in the context of a competition, battle, or contest. It is often used to describe defeat in sports, games, or conflicts. This verb carries a nuance of being defeated by an opponent rather than simply failing. For example: They lost the match「彼らは試合に敗れた」(かれらはしあいにやぶれた). The army was defeated in the battle「軍隊は戦いに敗れた」(ぐんたいはたたかいにやぶれた). Note that this verb is typically used in formal or serious contexts and is less common in casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6392

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Field

Reading

Kanji

野Field 原Meadow, Original

Explanation

The Japanese noun '野原 (のはら)' refers to an open field or meadow, typically covered with grass or wildflowers. It is often used to describe natural, open spaces in the countryside. For example: children are playing in the field「子供たちが野原で遊んでいる」(こどもたちがのはらであそんでいる). The field is full of flowers「野原は花でいっぱいだ」(のはらははなでいっぱいだ). This word evokes a sense of nature and tranquility, and is commonly used in literature and everyday conversation to describe rural landscapes.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6393

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Field

Reading

Kanji

原Meadow, Original

Explanation

The Japanese noun '原 (はら)' primarily means 'field' or 'plain'. It refers to an open, flat area of land, often used for agriculture or as a natural landscape. This word is commonly found in place names and can also be used to describe a wide, open space. For example: a field of flowers「花の原」(はなのはら). The plain stretched endlessly「その原は果てしなく広がっていた」(そのはらははてしなくひろがっていた). Note that '原' can also appear in compound words, such as '草原 (くさはら)' meaning 'grassland'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6394

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Delay

Reading

Kanji

遅Slow, Late

Explanation

The Japanese noun '遅れ (おくれ)' means 'delay'. It refers to a situation where something is behind schedule or late. This word is commonly used in contexts involving time, such as transportation, deadlines, or events. For example: The train is delayed「電車が遅れている」(でんしゃがおくれている). There is a delay in the project「プロジェクトに遅れがある」(プロジェクトにおくれがある). It can also be used metaphorically to describe being behind in progress or development, such as '遅れをとる (おくれをとる)' which means 'to fall behind'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6398

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Supplies

Reading

Kanji

資Capital, Resources 物Thing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '物資 (ぶっし)' refers to 'supplies' or 'materials', typically in the context of goods or resources needed for a specific purpose, such as disaster relief, military operations, or daily necessities. It is often used in formal or logistical contexts. For example: The government sent relief supplies「政府は救援物資を送った」(せいふはきゅうえんぶっしをおくった). We need to secure medical supplies「医療物資を確保する必要がある」(いりょうぶっしをかくほするひつようがある). The term emphasizes the tangible nature of the items being referred to.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6405

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Always

Reading

Kanji

常Usual, Normal

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '常に (つねに)' means 'always'. It is used to indicate that something happens all the time, without exception, or is continuously true. This adverb is often used in formal or written contexts, but can also appear in spoken language. For example: He is always busy「彼は常に忙しい」(かれはつねにいそがしい). We must always strive for improvement「私たちは常に向上を目指さなければならない」(わたしたちはつねにこうじょうをめざさなければならない). Note that '常に' emphasizes a continuous state or action, and is more formal than other similar adverbs like 'いつも'.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6408

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Intention

Reading

Kanji

意Idea 向Facing, Yonder

Explanation

The Japanese noun '意向 (いこう)' refers to someone's intention, inclination, or the direction of their thoughts or plans. It is often used in formal or business contexts to discuss decisions, preferences, or future plans. For example: The company's intention is clear「会社の意向は明確です」(かいしゃのいこうはめいかくです). We need to consider their intentions「彼らの意向を考慮する必要があります」(かれらのいこうをこうりょするひつようがあります). This word is commonly used when discussing decisions or plans that involve multiple parties, emphasizing the importance of understanding others' intentions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6409

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Second son

Reading

Kanji

男Man 次Next

Explanation

The Japanese noun '次男 (じなん)' refers to the 'second son' in a family. It is used to specify the birth order of sons, with '次男' being the second male child. This term is often used in formal or familial contexts to describe family structure or inheritance. For example: His second son is a doctor「彼の次男は医者です」(かれのじなんはいしゃです). The second son inherited the family business「次男が家業を継ぎました」(じなんがかぎょうをつぎました). Note that '次男' is distinct from '長男 (ちょうなん)', which refers to the eldest son.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6411

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Premonition

Reading

Kanji

予Beforehand 感Feeling, Sensation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '予感 (よかん)' means 'premonition'. It refers to a feeling or intuition that something is about to happen, often without any concrete evidence. This word is commonly used in contexts where someone senses an upcoming event, whether positive or negative. For example: I had a premonition that something bad would happen「何か悪いことが起こる予感がした」(なにかわるいことがおこるよかんがした). She felt a premonition of good news「彼女は良い知らせの予感を感じた」(かのじょはよいしらせのよかんをかんじた). The word can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as sensing a change in the atmosphere or mood.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6412

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Survive

Reading

Kanji

残Remainder 生Life

Explanation

The Japanese verb '生き残る (いきのこる)' means 'to survive'. It is used to describe the act of remaining alive or continuing to exist after a difficult or dangerous situation. This verb often implies overcoming challenges or enduring hardships. For example: He survived the accident「彼は事故を生き残った」(かれはじこをいきのこった). Only a few species survived the ice age「わずかな種だけが氷河期を生き残った」(わずかなしゅだけがひょうがきをいきのこった). The verb can also be used metaphorically to describe enduring in a competitive environment, such as in business or sports.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6413

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Recognition

Reading

Kanji

識Knowledge, Discernment 認Recognize, Admit

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '認識 (にんしき)' means 'recognition' or 'awareness'. It refers to the act of recognizing or becoming aware of something, often used in contexts involving understanding, perception, or acknowledgment. For example: recognition of the problem「問題の認識」(もんだいのにんしき). He has no awareness of his mistakes「彼は自分の間違いを認識していない」(かれはじぶんのまちがいをにんしきしていない). This term is commonly used in both formal and informal settings to describe cognitive processes or realizations.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6414

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Blame, Criticism

Reading

Kanji

難Difficult 非Mistake, Negative

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '非難 (ひなん)' primarily means 'criticism' or 'blame'. It refers to the act of expressing disapproval or holding someone accountable for their actions. This word is often used in contexts where someone is being criticized for wrongdoing or mistakes. For example: The politician faced severe criticism「その政治家は激しい非難にさらされた」(そのせいじかははげしいひなんにさらされた). She blamed him for the failure「彼女は失敗を彼の非難にした」(かのじょはしっぱいをかれのひなんにした). Note that '非難' can carry a strong connotation, implying a serious accusation or condemnation.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6416

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unreasonable

Reading

Kanji

識Knowledge, Discernment 常Usual, Normal 非Mistake, Negative

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '非常識 (ひじょうしき)' means 'unreasonable' or 'lacking common sense'. It is used to describe actions, behaviors, or ideas that are considered illogical, inappropriate, or contrary to societal norms. This term often carries a negative connotation and is used to criticize someone's behavior or judgment. For example: His behavior is unreasonable「彼の行動は非常識だ」(かれのこうどうはひじょうしきだ). It's very unreasonable to be late without notice「連絡なしに遅れるのは非常識だ」(れんらくなしにおくれるのはひじょうしきだ). The word can also be used in a more general sense to describe situations or systems that defy logic or common sense.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6417

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shame

Reading

Kanji

恥Ashamed, Shame

Explanation

The Japanese noun '恥 (はじ)' means 'shame'. It refers to the painful feeling of humiliation or distress caused by the consciousness of wrong or foolish behavior. This concept is deeply rooted in Japanese culture, where maintaining honor and avoiding shame are highly valued. For example: He felt shame for his actions「彼は自分の行動に恥を感じた」(かれはじぶんのこうどうにはじをかんじた). She couldn't bear the shame「彼女はその恥に耐えられなかった」(かのじょはそのはじにたえられなかった). The word can also be used in expressions like '恥をかく (はじをかく)', which means 'to be embarrassed' or 'to lose face'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6418

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vow

Reading

Kanji

本Book, Origin 願Request, Wish

Explanation

The Japanese noun '本願 (ほんがん)' refers to a 'vow' or 'original vow', particularly in a religious or spiritual context. It is often used in Buddhism to describe the vows made by a Buddha or Bodhisattva to save all sentient beings. For example: Amida Buddha's original vow「阿弥陀仏の本願」(あみだぶつのほんがん). The monk spoke about the importance of the vow「僧侶は本願の重要性について話した」(そうりょはほんがんのじゅうようせいについてはなした). This term carries a deep spiritual significance and is commonly encountered in religious texts and discussions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6419

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Emergency exit

Reading

Kanji

口Mouth 常Usual, Normal 非Mistake, Negative

Explanation

The Japanese noun '非常口 (ひじょうぐち)' means 'emergency exit.' This word is used to refer to the designated exit in buildings, vehicles, or other spaces that is used for evacuation during emergencies such as fires or other hazardous situations. 非常口 is often marked with signs and lighting to ensure visibility even in low-light conditions. Example: Please use the emergency exit in case of fire 「火事の時は非常口を使ってください」 (かじのときはひじょうぐちをつかってください). The emergency exit is on the left side of the building 「非常口は建物の左側にあります」 (ひじょうぐちはたてもののひだりがわにあります).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6423

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Harmony

Reading

Kanji

調Investigate, Tune 和Peace

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '調和 (ちょうわ)' means 'harmony'. It refers to a state of balance, agreement, or peaceful coexistence between different elements, such as people, ideas, or nature. It is often used in contexts involving relationships, music, art, or societal balance. For example: the harmony of nature「自然の調和」(しぜんのちょうわ). We need to live in harmony with others「他人と調和して生きる必要がある」(たにんとちょうわしていきるひつようがある). This word can also imply a sense of blending or coordination, as in 'color harmony'「色の調和」(いろのちょうわ).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6424

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Monotonous

Reading

Kanji

調Investigate, Tune 単Simple, Single

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '単調 (たんちょう)' means 'monotonous'. It is used to describe something that lacks variety, is repetitive, or is unchanging in tone, pattern, or style. This word is often used to describe routines, sounds, or tasks that become boring due to their repetitive nature. For example: The lecture was monotonous「その講義は単調だった」(そのこうぎはたんちょうだった). The sound of the machine is monotonous「その機械の音は単調だ」(そのきかいのおとはたんちょうだ). It can also describe a flat or unvarying tone in speech or music.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6425

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Seasoning

Reading

Kanji

調Investigate, Tune 味Flavor 料Materials, Fee

Explanation

The Japanese noun '調味料 (ちょうみりょう)' refers to 'seasoning' or 'condiments' used in cooking to enhance the flavor of food. It encompasses a wide range of items, including salt, pepper, soy sauce, vinegar, and more. For example: I bought some seasoning at the store「店で調味料を買いました」(みせでちょうみりょうをかいました). This dish needs more seasoning「この料理はもっと調味料が必要です」(このりょうりはもっとちょうみりょうがひつようです). The term is commonly used in culinary contexts and is essential for discussing cooking and food preparation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6429

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sensibility

Reading

Kanji

感Feeling, Sensation 性Gender, Sex

Explanation

The Japanese noun '感性 (かんせい)' refers to 'sensibility' or the capacity to perceive and respond to emotions, aesthetics, and subtle nuances. It is often used to describe someone's sensitivity to art, beauty, or emotional experiences. For example: Her sensibility is remarkable「彼女の感性は素晴らしい」(かのじょのかんせいはすばらしい). This painting appeals to my sensibility「この絵は私の感性に訴える」(このえはわたしのかんせいにうったえる). The term is commonly used in contexts related to art, design, and personal expression, emphasizing an individual's unique perception and emotional depth.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6434

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Consecutive days

Reading

Kanji

日Day, Sun 連Take along

Explanation

The Japanese noun '連日 (れんじつ)' refers to a period of consecutive days, often implying that something has been happening repeatedly or continuously over those days. It is commonly used to describe events, activities, or conditions that persist without interruption. For example: The heatwave continued for consecutive days「連日猛暑が続いた」(れんじつもうしょがつづいた). The team worked hard for consecutive days「連日チームは頑張った」(れんじつチームはがんばった). This word emphasizes the continuity and repetition of an event or situation over a span of days.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6448

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Holiday

Reading

Kanji

休Rest 連Take along

Explanation

The Japanese noun '連休 (れんきゅう)' refers to a 'consecutive holiday' or a 'long weekend'. It is commonly used to describe a series of days off work or school that are connected, such as national holidays or vacation periods. For example: I enjoyed the long holiday「連休を楽しんだ」(れんきゅうをたのしんだ). The next consecutive holiday is in May「次の連休は5月です」(つぎのれんきゅうはごがつです). This term is often used in contexts related to travel, relaxation, or planning events during extended breaks.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6449

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Function

Reading

Kanji

数Number 関Barrier, Related

Explanation

The Japanese noun '関数 (かんすう)' means 'function'. In mathematics and programming, it refers to a relation or expression involving one or more variables. For example: this function calculates the area「この関数は面積を計算する」(このかんすうはめんせきをけいさんする). The function returns a value「関数は値を返す」(かんすうはあたいをかえす). It is commonly used in technical contexts, particularly in mathematics, computer science, and engineering.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6450

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Security

Reading

Kanji

警Warn 備Equip, Provide

Explanation

The Japanese noun '警備 (けいび)' refers to 'security' or 'guarding'. It is commonly used to describe the act of protecting or guarding a place, event, or person. This term is often associated with professional security services, such as those employed at events, buildings, or public spaces. For example: The security at the event was tight「イベントの警備は厳しかった」(イベントのけいびはきびしかった). We need to increase security for the building「建物の警備を強化する必要がある」(たてもののけいびをきょうかするひつようがある). The word can also imply vigilance and preparedness to prevent potential threats or disturbances.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6451

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Residence

Reading

Kanji

住Live 在Be, Exist

Explanation

The Japanese noun '在住 (ざいじゅう)' refers to the state or condition of residing or living in a particular place. It is often used to indicate someone's current place of residence, especially when specifying a location different from their origin. For example: She resides in Tokyo「彼女は東京在住です」(かのじょはとうきょうざいじゅうです). Many foreigners reside in Japan「多くの外国人が日本在住です」(おおくのがいこくじんがにほんざいじゅうです). This term is commonly used in formal or descriptive contexts to specify where someone lives.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6452

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Receiver

Reading

Kanji

受Accept 話Talk

Explanation

The Japanese noun '受話 (じゅわ)' refers to the 'receiver' of a telephone. It specifically denotes the part of the phone that you hold to your ear to listen during a call. This term is often used in technical or formal contexts. Example sentences: Please pick up the receiver「受話器を取ってください」(じゅわきをとってください). The receiver is broken「受話器が壊れています」(じゅわきがこわれています). Note that '受話器 (じゅわき)' is a more common term for 'telephone receiver,' but '受話' alone can still be understood in context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6454

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Retreat

Reading

Kanji

退Retreat

Explanation

The Japanese verb '退く (しりぞく)' means 'to retreat' or 'to withdraw'. It is used to describe the action of moving back or away from a place, situation, or confrontation. This verb can be used in both literal and figurative contexts. For example: The soldiers retreated from the battlefield「兵士たちは戦場から退いた」(へいしたちはせんじょうからしりぞいた). He withdrew from the argument to avoid further conflict「彼はさらなる衝突を避けるために議論から退いた」(かれはさらなるしょうとつをさけるためにぎろんからしりぞいた). The verb can also imply stepping down from a position or role, as in 'He stepped down from his position as manager'「彼はマネージャーの立場から退いた」(かれはマネージャーのたちばからしりぞいた).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6457

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Companion

Reading

Kanji

連Take along

Explanation

The Japanese noun '連れ (つれ)' refers to a companion or someone who accompanies another person. It is often used to describe someone you are with, such as a friend, family member, or partner, in a specific context or situation. For example: She came with her companion「彼女は連れと来た」(かのじょはつれときた). I went to the park with my companion「私は連れと公園に行った」(わたしはつれとこうえんにいった). The word can also imply a sense of togetherness or shared experience. It is commonly used in casual and formal settings alike.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6459

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Continuation

Reading

Kanji

続Continue 連Take along

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '連続 (れんぞく)' means 'continuation' or 'succession'. It refers to a series of events or actions that occur one after another without interruption. This term is often used in contexts where there is a sequence or chain of occurrences, such as in television series, events, or natural phenomena. For example: The TV drama has a continuous broadcast「そのテレビドラマは連続放送です」(そのテレビドラマはれんぞくほうそうです). There was a continuous series of earthquakes「連続して地震が起こりました」(れんぞくしてじしんがおこりました). It can also be used to describe a continuous state or condition, emphasizing the unbroken nature of the sequence.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6461

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Continuously, One after another

Reading

Kanji

続Continue

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '続々 (ぞくぞく)' is used to describe something happening in a continuous or uninterrupted manner, or things occurring one after another in quick succession. It often conveys a sense of steady flow or progression. For example: people are arriving one after another「人が続々と到着している」(ひとがぞくぞくととうちゃくしている). New products are being released continuously「新製品が続々と発売されている」(しんせいひんがぞくぞくとはつばいされている). This adverb is commonly used in contexts where there is a steady or rapid influx of people, items, or events.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6463

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lasting

Reading

Kanji

長Long, Leader 続Continue

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '長続き (ながつづき)' refers to something that continues or endures for a long time. It is often used to describe relationships, habits, or situations that persist over an extended period. For example: Their relationship lasted a long time「彼らの関係は長続きした」(かれらのかんけいはながつづきした). This diet plan is hard to maintain「このダイエットプランは長続きしにくい」(このダイエットプランはながつづきしにくい). The term emphasizes the idea of continuity and sustainability, often implying a positive connotation when something remains stable or effective over time.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6464

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Considerable, Equivalent

Reading

Kanji

相Mutual 当Hit, Appropriate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '相当 (そうとう)' can mean 'equivalent' or 'considerable'. When used to mean 'equivalent', it refers to something that is equal in value, amount, or meaning. For example: This amount is equivalent to one month's salary「この金額は一ヶ月分の給料に相当する」(このきんがくはいっかげつぶんのきゅうりょうにそうとうする). When used to mean 'considerable', it refers to something that is significant or substantial in degree or amount. For example: He has considerable experience in this field「彼はこの分野で相当な経験を持っている」(かれはこのぶんやでそうとうなけいけんをもっている). The word can also be used as a na-adjective, as in '相当な (そうとうな)', to describe something as considerable or substantial.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6465

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Living room

Reading

Kanji

間Interval, Space 居Reside, Be

Explanation

The Japanese noun '居間 (いま)' refers to a 'living room', which is a common area in a house where people gather to relax or spend time together. This word is often used in the context of home life and interior design. For example: The living room is spacious「居間は広いです」(いまはひろいです). We watched TV in the living room「私たちは居間でテレビを見ました」(わたしたちはいまでテレビをみました). Note that '居間' is a more traditional term, and in modern Japanese, 'リビング (りびんぐ)' is also commonly used to refer to a living room.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6467

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dispute

Reading

Kanji

争Dispute 論Theory, Argument

Explanation

The Japanese noun '論争 (ろんそう)' refers to a dispute or debate, typically involving a contentious issue where differing opinions are argued. It is used in contexts ranging from academic discussions to public controversies. For example: The dispute over the policy continued「その政策についての論争が続いた」(そのせいさくについてのろんそうがつづいた). There was a heated debate about the new law「新しい法律について激しい論争があった」(あたらしいほうりつについてはげしいろんそうがあった). The term emphasizes the exchange of opposing views and can imply a prolonged or intense discussion.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6473

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Surface, Emerge

Reading

Kanji

上Up 浮Float

Explanation

The Japanese verb '浮かび上がる (うかびあがる)' can mean 'to surface' or 'to emerge'. It is often used to describe something physically rising to the surface, such as an object in water, or metaphorically to describe something becoming apparent or clear. For example: the truth emerged「真実が浮かび上がった」(しんじつがうかびあがった). The sunken ship surfaced「沈んだ船が浮かび上がった」(しずんだふねがうかびあがった). This verb can also be used to describe emotions or memories coming to the surface, as in 'memories emerged「記憶が浮かび上がった」(きおくがうかびあがった)'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6475

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dialogue

Reading

Kanji

対Against 談Discuss

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '対談 (たいだん)' refers to a formal or structured conversation, typically between two people, often experts or notable figures, discussing a specific topic. It is commonly used in contexts such as interviews, discussions, or public talks. For example: The dialogue between the two authors was insightful「二人の作家の対談は興味深かった」(ふたりのさっかのたいだんはきょうみぶかかった). They held a dialogue about environmental issues「彼らは環境問題について対談した」(かれらはかんきょうもんだいについてたいだんした). The term emphasizes a two-way exchange of ideas rather than a one-sided conversation.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6477

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Appearance

Reading

Kanji

登Ascend 場Place

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '登場 (とうじょう)' primarily means 'appearance' or 'entry onto a stage or scene'. It is commonly used to describe someone or something making an appearance in a particular setting, such as in a play, movie, or event. For example: The hero appeared on stage「ヒーローが登場した」(ヒーローがとうじょうした). A new character appeared in the story「新しいキャラクターが物語に登場した」(あたらしいキャラクターがものがたりにとうじょうした). This word can also be used metaphorically to describe the introduction of new ideas, products, or trends into a market or discussion. For instance: A new technology appeared in the market「新しい技術が市場に登場した」(あたらしいぎじゅつがしじょうにとうじょうした).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6480

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mountain climbing

Reading

Kanji

山Mountain 登Ascend

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '登山 (とざん)' refers to the activity of climbing mountains. It is commonly used to describe the act of hiking or climbing mountains as a recreational or sporting activity. For example: I enjoy mountain climbing「私は登山が好きです」(わたしはとざんがすきです). They went mountain climbing last weekend「彼らは先週末に登山に行きました」(かれらはせんしゅうまつにとざんにいきました). The term can also be used in a broader sense to refer to the act of ascending any steep or elevated terrain, not just mountains.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6483

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

School attendance

Reading

Kanji

校School 登Ascend

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '登校 (とうこう)' refers to the act of attending school or going to school. It is commonly used in contexts related to students' daily routines, school schedules, or discussions about education. For example: He is late for school attendance「彼は登校に遅れている」(かれはとうこうにおくれている). School attendance is mandatory「登校は義務です」(とうこうはぎむです). This term is often used in formal or educational settings and can be part of phrases like '登校日 (とうこうび)' (school attendance day) or '登校時間 (とうこうじかん)' (school attendance time).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6484

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mountain climbing

Reading

Kanji

山Mountain 登Ascend

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '山登り (やまのぼり)' refers to the activity of 'mountain climbing'. It is used to describe the act of ascending mountains, often as a recreational or sporting activity. This term can be used in various contexts, such as discussing hobbies, travel plans, or physical activities. For example: I enjoy mountain climbing「私は山登りが好きです」(わたしはやまのぼりがすきです). They went mountain climbing last weekend「彼らは先週末に山登りに行きました」(かれらはせんしゅうまつにやまのぼりにいきました). It is important to note that '山登り' specifically refers to climbing mountains, not just any type of climbing.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6485

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Gods

Reading

Kanji

神God

Explanation

The Japanese noun '神々 (かみがみ)' refers to 'gods' in a plural sense, often used to describe multiple deities or divine beings. This term is commonly used in religious, mythological, or spiritual contexts. For example: the gods protect this land「神々がこの土地を守っている」(かみがみがこのとちをまもっている). In ancient stories, the gods descended from the heavens「昔の物語では、神々が天から降りてきた」(むかしのものがたりでは、かみがみがてんからおりてきた). The term emphasizes the plurality of divine entities and is often used in contexts involving mythology or traditional beliefs.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6492

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Flaw

Reading

Kanji

点Point 欠Lack

Explanation

The Japanese noun '欠点 (けってん)' means 'flaw' or 'defect'. It refers to a shortcoming or imperfection in a person, object, or system. This word is often used in contexts where criticism or improvement is being discussed. For example: His biggest flaw is his impatience「彼の最大の欠点は短気です」(かれのさいだいのけってんはたんきです). This product has a serious flaw「この製品には重大な欠点がある」(このせいひんにはじゅうだいなけってんがある). The word can also be used in a more neutral or self-reflective way, such as when acknowledging one's own weaknesses.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6493

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Genius

Reading

Kanji

天Heaven 才Talent, Age (counter)

Explanation

The Japanese noun '天才 (てんさい)' refers to a person who possesses extraordinary intellectual or creative abilities, often described as a 'genius'. This term is used to highlight exceptional talent or brilliance in a specific field, such as art, science, or music. For example: he is a genius「彼は天才だ」(かれはてんさいだ). That child is a genius「あの子は天才だ」(あのこはてんさいだ). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something exceptionally well-made or innovative, though this usage is less common. It is important to note that '天才' carries a strong positive connotation and is often used to express admiration or awe.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6495

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Meiji

Reading

Kanji

明Bright 治Cure, Reign

Explanation

The Japanese noun '明治 (めいじ)' refers to the Meiji era, a historical period in Japan from 1868 to 1912. This era is significant for marking Japan's rapid modernization and westernization. The term is often used in historical contexts or to describe things related to this period. For example: The Meiji Restoration was a pivotal event「明治維新は重要な出来事だった」(めいじいしんはじゅうようなできごとだった). This building is from the Meiji era「この建物は明治時代のものです」(このたてものはめいじじだいのものです). The word can also be used in names of institutions or products to evoke a sense of tradition or historical significance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6498

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Win

Reading

Kanji

当Hit, Appropriate 選Choose

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '当選 (とうせん)' means 'win' or 'be elected'. It is commonly used in contexts such as winning a prize, lottery, or being elected in a competition or election. For example: I won the lottery「宝くじに当選した」(たからくじにとうせんした). He was elected as the president「彼は社長に当選した」(かれはしゃちょうにとうせんした). The term is often used in formal or official contexts and carries a sense of achievement or success.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6501

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Selection

Reading

Kanji

選Choose 入Enter

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '入選 (にゅうせん)' refers to the act of being selected or chosen, often in the context of competitions, contests, or exhibitions. It implies that someone or something has been chosen from a larger group to be recognized or awarded. For example: Her painting was selected for the exhibition「彼女の絵が入選した」(かのじょのえがにゅうせんした). He was thrilled to be selected for the competition「彼は入選して大喜びだった」(かれはにゅうせんしておおよろこびだった). This term is commonly used in formal or artistic contexts to denote recognition or achievement.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6502

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Higher rank, Superior position

Reading

Kanji

上Up 位Rank

Explanation

The Japanese noun '上位 (じょうい)' refers to a higher rank or superior position within a hierarchy, system, or classification. It is often used in contexts such as rankings, competitions, or organizational structures. For example: He is in a higher rank in the company「彼は会社で上位にいる」(かれはかいしゃでじょういにいる). This product is in the superior position in the market「この製品は市場で上位にある」(このせいひんはしじょうでじょういにある). The word can also be used in abstract contexts, such as '上位概念 (じょういがいねん)' meaning 'superordinate concept'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6505

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Weather

Reading

Kanji

天Heaven 候Climate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '天候 (てんこう)' refers to 'weather'. It is a formal term used to describe the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature, precipitation, wind, and other meteorological conditions. This word is often used in news reports, forecasts, or formal discussions about weather conditions. For example: The weather is bad today「今日の天候は悪い」(きょうのてんこうはわるい). The weather forecast predicts rain「天候予報は雨を予測している」(てんこうよほうはあめをよそくしている). Note that '天候' is more formal than the casual term '天気 (てんき)', which also means 'weather'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6506

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Addition

Reading

Kanji

加Join, Add 付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese noun '付加 (ふか)' means 'addition'. It refers to the act of adding something to an existing entity, often to enhance or supplement it. This word is commonly used in contexts such as business, technology, or everyday situations where something extra is added. For example: The software includes additional features「そのソフトウェアには付加機能がある」(そのソフトウェアにはふかきのうがある). The price includes additional charges「その価格には付加料金が含まれている」(そのかかくにはふかりょうきんがふくまれている). It can also be used in abstract contexts, such as adding value or meaning.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6513

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Order

Reading

Kanji

命Command, Life

Explanation

The Japanese verb '命じる (めいじる)' means 'to order' or 'to command'. It is used when someone in a position of authority gives a directive or instruction to someone else. This verb often implies a formal or authoritative context, such as in military, workplace, or hierarchical settings. For example: The general ordered the soldiers to advance「将軍は兵士たちに前進するよう命じた」(しょうぐんはへいしたちにぜんしんするようめいじた). The boss commanded the employees to finish the report by tomorrow「上司は従業員に明日までにレポートを終えるよう命じた」(じょうしはじゅうぎょういにんにあしたまでにレポートをおえるようめいじた). Note that '命じる' carries a strong sense of authority and is not typically used in casual or informal situations.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6516

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bringing

Reading

Kanji

参Participate 持Hold

Explanation

The Japanese noun '持参 (じさん)' means 'bringing' or 'carrying something with oneself'. It is commonly used to indicate that someone is bringing an item or object to a specific place or event. This word is often used in formal or polite contexts, such as when attending a meeting, event, or gathering. For example: Please bring your own lunch「お昼ご飯は持参してください」(おひるごはんはじさんしてください). He brought the documents to the meeting「彼は会議に書類を持参した」(かれはかいぎにしょるいをじさんした). The word can also imply preparation or responsibility, as in bringing something necessary or expected.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6521

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Clerk

Reading

Kanji

記Record 書Write

Explanation

The Japanese noun '書記 (しょき)' refers to a clerk or secretary, someone who is responsible for recording or managing written documents and administrative tasks. This term is often used in formal or organizational contexts, such as in offices, government institutions, or associations. For example: He works as a clerk in the city office「彼は市役所で書記として働いています」(かれはしやくしょでしょきとしてはたらいています). The clerk prepared the meeting minutes「書記が会議の議事録を準備しました」(しょきがかいぎのぎじろくをじゅんびしました). Note that '書記' can also refer to a scribe or someone who writes down information, but this usage is less common in modern contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6522

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Transfer

Reading

Kanji

転Revolve 勤Diligence

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '転勤 (てんきん)' refers to a job transfer, typically involving relocation to a different workplace or branch within the same company. It is commonly used in professional contexts to describe an employee being reassigned to a new location. For example: I was transferred to the Osaka branch「大阪支店に転勤しました」(おおさかしてんにてんきんしました). His transfer was sudden「彼の転勤は突然でした」(かれのてんきんはとつぜんでした). This term is often associated with corporate culture in Japan, where employees may be required to move frequently for work.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6530

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Workplace

Reading

Kanji

先Before, Previous 勤Diligence

Explanation

The Japanese noun '勤め先 (つとめさき)' refers to the place where someone is employed or works. It is commonly used to describe one's workplace or office. This term is often used in formal or professional contexts. For example: My workplace is in Tokyo「私の勤め先は東京です」(わたしのつとめさきはとうきょうです). He is looking for a new workplace「彼は新しい勤め先を探しています」(かれはあたらしいつとめさきをさがしています). The term emphasizes the location or institution where one is employed, rather than the act of working itself.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6537

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Duty

Reading

Kanji

勤Diligence

Explanation

The Japanese noun '勤め (つとめ)' primarily means 'duty' or 'obligation'. It refers to a task or responsibility that one is expected to fulfill, often in a professional or societal context. This word can also imply a sense of moral or social obligation. For example: It is my duty to help「助けるのは私の勤めです」(たすけるのはわたしのつとめです). He fulfilled his duty「彼は勤めを果たした」(かれはつとめをはたした). Additionally, '勤め' can sometimes refer to one's job or employment, though this usage is less common and context-dependent.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6538

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Duty

Reading

Kanji

務Duty, Task

Explanation

The Japanese noun '務め (つとめ)' refers to a duty, task, or responsibility that one is expected to fulfill. It often implies a sense of obligation or a role that one must perform, whether in a professional, social, or personal context. For example: It is my duty to protect the environment「環境を守るのが私の務めです」(かんきょうをまもるのがわたしのつとめです). His duty is to lead the team「彼の務めはチームを率いることです」(かれのつとめはチームをひきいることです). This word is commonly used in formal or serious contexts to emphasize the importance of fulfilling one's responsibilities.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6539

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Uniform

Reading

Kanji

服Obey, Clothing 制System, Control

Explanation

The Japanese noun '制服 (せいふく)' refers to a 'uniform', typically worn by students, employees, or members of an organization. It is commonly associated with school uniforms in Japan, which are a significant part of the culture. For example: I wear a uniform to school「私は学校に制服を着ます」(わたしはがっこうにせいふくをきます). The company requires employees to wear uniforms「会社は従業員に制服を着ることを要求します」(かいしゃはじゅうぎょういんにせいふくをきることをようきゅうします). The word can also be used more broadly to refer to any standardized clothing worn by a group.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6544

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Retirement

Reading

Kanji

職Employment 退Retreat

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '退職 (たいしょく)' refers to the act of retiring or resigning from a job or position. It is commonly used in professional or formal contexts to describe the process of leaving employment, often due to reaching retirement age or personal reasons. For example: He is planning his retirement「彼は退職を計画している」(かれはたいしょくをけいかくしている). She submitted her resignation letter「彼女は退職願を提出した」(かのじょはたいしょくねがいをていしゅつした). The term can also be used in phrases like '退職金 (たいしょくきん)', which means 'retirement bonus' or 'severance pay'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6552

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Expulsion, Withdrawal

Reading

Kanji

学Learn 退Retreat

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '退学 (たいがく)' refers to the act of leaving or being removed from an educational institution. It can mean either 'expulsion' (when a student is forced to leave due to disciplinary reasons) or 'withdrawal' (when a student voluntarily leaves). For example: He was expelled from school「彼は退学になった」(かれはたいがくになった). She decided to withdraw from university「彼女は大学を退学することにした」(かのじょはだいがくをたいがくすることにした). The context usually clarifies whether the action is voluntary or involuntary.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6553

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Furniture

Reading

Kanji

家House 具Tool

Explanation

The Japanese noun '家具 (かぐ)' means 'furniture'. It refers to movable objects used to support various human activities such as seating, eating, and sleeping. This includes items like chairs, tables, beds, and cabinets. For example: I bought new furniture「新しい家具を買いました」(あたらしいかぐをかいました). The furniture in this room is expensive「この部屋の家具は高いです」(このへやのかぐはたかいです). The word is commonly used in contexts related to home decor, interior design, and shopping for household items.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6556

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dance

Reading

Kanji

舞Dance

Explanation

The Japanese noun '舞 (まい)' refers to a traditional dance, often one that is formal or ceremonial in nature. This term is commonly used in the context of traditional Japanese performing arts, such as Noh or Kabuki theater. For example: she performed a beautiful dance「彼女は美しい舞を舞った」(かのじょはうつくしいまいをまった). The dance at the festival was mesmerizing「祭りの舞は魅惑的だった」(まつりのまいはみわくてきだった). It's important to note that '舞' can also be part of compound words, such as '舞踊 (ぶよう)' which means 'dance' in a more general sense.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6562

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Addition

Reading

Kanji

追Follow 加Join, Add

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '追加 (ついか)' means 'addition'. It refers to the act of adding something extra to what already exists. This word is commonly used in various contexts, such as adding items to an order, adding information to a document, or adding features to a product. For example: I added more details to the report「レポートに詳細を追加しました」(レポートにしょうさいをついかしました). Can you add this to the list?「これをリストに追加できますか？」(これをリストについかできますか？). The word '追加' is often used in both formal and informal settings, making it versatile in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6565

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Superiority

Reading

Kanji

優Superior, Gentle 位Rank

Explanation

The Japanese noun '優位 (ゆうい)' means 'superiority' or 'advantage'. It is used to describe a state where one side or entity is in a better or more dominant position compared to another. This term is often used in competitive contexts, such as sports, business, or debates. For example: Our team has the advantage「私たちのチームが優位にある」(わたしたちのチームがゆういにある). The company maintained its superiority in the market「その会社は市場で優位を保った」(そのかいしゃはしじょうでゆういをたもった). The word can also be used in abstract contexts, such as moral or intellectual superiority.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6574

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Seal

Reading

Kanji

判Judge, Stamp 子Child

Explanation

The Japanese noun '判子 (はんこ)' refers to a personal or official seal used in Japan for signing documents, contracts, or other formal paperwork. It is a stamp typically made of wood, plastic, or stone, engraved with a person's name or a company's name in kanji. The use of a '判子' is deeply rooted in Japanese culture and is often required for legal and administrative purposes. For example: I need to stamp the document with my seal「書類に判子を押す必要があります」(しょるいにはんこをおすひつようがあります). This is my personal seal「これは私の判子です」(これはわたしのはんこです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6577

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Antipathy

Reading

Kanji

反Anti 感Feeling, Sensation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '反感 (はんかん)' refers to a feeling of strong dislike, opposition, or hostility towards someone or something. It is often used to describe a negative emotional reaction, such as resentment or aversion, that arises in response to a person, idea, or situation. For example: He felt antipathy towards the new policy「彼は新しい政策に反感を持っていた」(かれはあたらしいせいさくにはんかんをもっていた). Her words caused widespread antipathy among the audience「彼女の言葉は聴衆の間に広い反感を引き起こした」(かのじょのことばはちょうしゅうのあいだにひろいはんかんをひきおこした). This term is commonly used in both personal and social contexts to express disapproval or opposition.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6579

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Expectation, Prediction

Reading

Kanji

予Beforehand 想Concept

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '予想 (よそう)' can mean either 'prediction' or 'expectation', depending on the context. It refers to an act of foreseeing or anticipating something that might happen in the future. For example: His prediction was correct「彼の予想は正しかった」(かれのよそうはただしかった). We had high expectations for the event「私たちはそのイベントに高い予想をしていた」(わたしたちはそのイベントにたかいよそうをしていた). It is often used in contexts involving forecasts, such as weather predictions or market trends. The nuance can shift slightly depending on whether the focus is on a calculated guess (prediction) or a hopeful anticipation (expectation).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6580

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Desire

Reading

Kanji

願Request, Wish 望Hope, Ambition

Explanation

The Japanese noun '願望 (がんぼう)' means 'desire' or 'wish'. It refers to a strong feeling of wanting something or wishing for something to happen. This word is often used in formal or literary contexts to express deep aspirations or longings. For example: His desire for success is strong「彼の成功への願望は強い」(かれのせいこうへのがんぼうはつよい). She has a wish to travel the world「彼女は世界を旅したいという願望がある」(かのじょはせかいをたびしたいというがんぼうがある). The word can also be used in psychological contexts to describe subconscious desires or aspirations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6584

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Japan, Residing

Reading

Kanji

在Be, Exist 日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '在日 (ざいにち)' refers to someone or something that is residing or staying in Japan, often used to describe foreign nationals or entities present in the country. It can also refer to the state of being in Japan. For example: He is residing in Japan「彼は在日です」(かれはざいにちです). The company has a branch in Japan「その会社は在日に支店がある」(そのかいしゃはざいにちにしてんがある). The term is commonly used in contexts discussing foreign residents or businesses operating within Japan.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6585

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Scatter

Reading

Kanji

散Scatter

Explanation

The Japanese verb '散る (ちる)' primarily means 'to scatter' or 'to fall and disperse'. It is often used to describe things like petals, leaves, or snow falling and spreading out. For example: cherry blossoms scatter「桜の花が散る」(さくらのはながちる). The snow is scattering「雪が散っている」(ゆきがちっている). This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe things like emotions or attention dispersing. For instance: my concentration scattered「集中力が散った」(しゅうちゅうりょくがちった).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6589

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bend

Reading

Kanji

曲Music, Bend

Explanation

The Japanese verb '曲げる (まげる)' means 'to bend'. It is used to describe the action of physically bending something, such as a piece of metal or a limb, or metaphorically bending rules or principles. For example: bend the wire「針金を曲げる」(はりがねをまげる). He bent the rules to help his friend「彼は友達を助けるためにルールを曲げた」(かれはともだちをたすけるためにルールをまげた). The verb can also imply a sense of distortion or alteration, as in bending the truth '真実を曲げる (しんじつをまげる)'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6590

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Harmful

Reading

Kanji

有Exist 害Harm

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '有害 (ゆうがい)' means 'harmful'. It is used to describe something that has a detrimental or damaging effect. This term is often used in contexts related to health, environment, or substances. For example: Smoking is harmful to health「喫煙は健康に有害です」(きつえんはけんこうにゆうがいです). This chemical is harmful to the environment「この化学物質は環境に有害です」(このかがくぶっしつはかんきょうにゆうがいです). The word can also be used in a broader sense to describe anything that is detrimental, such as harmful information「有害な情報」(ゆうがいなじょうほう).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6598

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Variable

Reading

Kanji

数Number 変Change, Abnormal

Explanation

The Japanese noun '変数 (へんすう)' means 'variable'. This term is primarily used in mathematics, programming, and scientific contexts to refer to a quantity or value that can change or vary. For example: In programming, variables store data「プログラミングでは、変数がデータを保存する」(ぷろぐらみんぐでは、へんすうがでーたをほぞんする). The value of the variable changes「変数の値が変わる」(へんすうのあたいがかわる). It is important to note that this word is technical and is not commonly used in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6602

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Gap

Reading

Kanji

差Difference 格Status

Explanation

The Japanese noun '格差 (かくさ)' refers to a 'gap' or 'disparity', often used in the context of social, economic, or educational differences. It highlights the inequality or difference in status, income, or opportunities between groups or individuals. For example: the income gap is widening「所得格差が広がっている」(しょとくかくさがひろがっている). There is a significant gap in educational opportunities「教育機会の格差が大きい」(きょういくきかいのかくさがおおきい). This term is frequently used in discussions about social issues, policy-making, and economic analysis.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6612

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Clarification

Reading

Kanji

判Judge, Stamp 明Bright

Explanation

The Japanese noun '判明 (はんめい)' refers to the act of something becoming clear or being clarified. It is often used in contexts where details, facts, or truths are revealed or discovered. For example: The cause of the accident was clarified「事故の原因が判明した」(じこのげんいんがはんめいした). The truth about the incident became clear「事件の真相が判明した」(じけんのしんそうがはんめいした). This term is commonly used in formal or investigative contexts, emphasizing the process of uncovering information.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6615

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Set, Initiate

Reading

Kanji

掛Set, Hang 仕Serve

Explanation

The Japanese verb '仕掛ける (しかける)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to set' or 'to prepare something in advance', often referring to traps, devices, or mechanisms. For example: he set a trap「彼は罠を仕掛けた」(かれはわなをしかけた). The second meaning is 'to initiate' or 'to start something', such as a conversation or an action. For example: she initiated a conversation「彼女は会話を仕掛けた」(かのじょはかいわをしかけた). The verb can also imply a sense of strategy or planning, depending on the context. It is commonly used in both literal and figurative situations.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6616

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Turn back

Reading

Kanji

返Return 引Pull

Explanation

The Japanese verb '引き返す (ひきかえす)' means 'to turn back' or 'to return'. It is used when someone or something reverses direction and goes back to a previous location or state. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as physical movement, decisions, or actions. For example: He turned back halfway through the journey「彼は途中で引き返した」(かれはとちゅうでひきかえした). Due to the bad weather, we had to turn back「悪天候のため、引き返さなければならなかった」(あくてんこうのため、ひきかえさなければならなかった). The verb often implies a deliberate decision to go back, rather than simply returning.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6618

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lie

Reading

Kanji

横Sideways

Explanation

The Japanese verb '横たわる (よこたわる)' means 'to lie down' or 'to be lying down'. It is often used to describe a person or object lying horizontally, either on a surface or in a specific position. This verb can also imply a sense of stillness or permanence, such as when describing a body lying in repose. For example: The man lies on the grass「男は草の上に横たわる」(おとこはくさのうえによこたわる). The book lies on the table「本がテーブルの上に横たわっている」(ほんがテーブルのうえによこたわっている). Note that this verb is more formal and less commonly used in everyday conversation compared to '寝る (ねる)' or '横になる (よこになる)', which are more casual ways to express lying down.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6619

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Catch, Arrest

Reading

Kanji

捕Catch

Explanation

The Japanese verb '捕まる (つかまる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to catch' or 'to be caught', often referring to physically grabbing or holding onto something. For example: I caught the ball「ボールを捕まった」(ぼーるをつかまった). The second meaning is 'to be arrested' or 'to get caught' in the context of law enforcement. For example: The thief was arrested「泥棒が捕まった」(どろぼうがつかまった). This verb is commonly used in both literal and figurative contexts, depending on the situation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6621

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Catch

Reading

Kanji

捕Catch

Explanation

The Japanese verb '捕まえる (つかまえる)' means 'to catch'. This verb is used when physically capturing or grabbing something or someone, such as catching a ball, a fish, or even a criminal. It can also be used metaphorically to mean 'to grasp' or 'to seize' an opportunity. For example: I caught a butterfly「蝶を捕まえた」(ちょうをつかまえた). The police caught the thief「警察は泥棒を捕まえた」(けいさつはどろぼうをつかまえた). Note that this verb often implies a sense of effort or struggle in the act of catching.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6622

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Perception

Reading

Kanji

知Know 覚Remember, Awake

Explanation

The Japanese noun '知覚 (ちかく)' refers to 'perception', the process of recognizing and interpreting sensory information. It is often used in contexts related to psychology, philosophy, or everyday experiences involving the senses. For example: His perception of colors is unique「彼の色の知覚は独特だ」(かれのいろのちかくはどくとくだ). The study focuses on visual perception「その研究は視覚の知覚に焦点を当てている」(そのけんきゅうはしかくのちかくにしょうてんをあてている). This word can also imply awareness or consciousness in certain contexts, such as in '知覚の欠如 (ちかくのけつじょ) (lack of perception)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6626

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Job change

Reading

Kanji

職Employment 転Revolve

Explanation

The Japanese noun '転職 (てんしょく)' refers to the act of changing one's job or career. It is commonly used when someone leaves their current job to start a new one, often in a different company or field. This term is neutral and can be used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: I am thinking about changing jobs「転職を考えています」(てんしょくをかんがえています). He successfully changed jobs last year「彼は去年転職に成功しました」(かれはきょねんてんしょくにせいこうしました). The word is often associated with career development or seeking better opportunities.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6627

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Survey, Overlook

Reading

Kanji

見See 渡Cross, Transit

Explanation

The Japanese verb '見渡す (みわたす)' means 'to overlook' or 'to survey'. It is used to describe the action of looking over a wide area or taking in a broad view of something. This verb often implies a sense of observing something comprehensively or from a vantage point. For example: From the hill, I overlooked the entire town「丘から町全体を見渡した」(おかからまちぜんたいをみわたした). She surveyed the room before entering「彼女は部屋を見渡してから入った」(かのじょはへやをみわたしてからはいった). The verb can also be used metaphorically to describe understanding or grasping a situation broadly, as in 'He surveyed the situation calmly'「彼は状況を冷静に見渡した」(かれはじょうきょうをれいせいにみわたした).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6630

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Release

Reading

Kanji

逃Escape

Explanation

The Japanese verb '逃がす (にがす)' primarily means 'to release' or 'to let go'. It is often used when someone intentionally allows something or someone to escape or be freed. For example: I released the bird「鳥を逃がした」(とりをにがした). He let the fish go「彼は魚を逃がした」(かれはさかなをにがした). This verb can also imply a missed opportunity, such as letting a chance slip away. For example: I let the opportunity slip「チャンスを逃がした」(チャンスをにがした). The nuance here is that the action is deliberate, and the subject is allowing something to escape or be lost.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6632

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Escape

Reading

Kanji

道Way 逃Escape

Explanation

The Japanese noun '逃げ道 (にげみち)' literally means 'escape route' or 'way out'. It refers to a path or method that allows someone to escape from a difficult or dangerous situation. This word can be used both literally, such as finding a physical escape route, and figuratively, such as finding a way to avoid responsibility or a tricky situation. For example: He always looks for an escape「彼はいつも逃げ道を探す」(かれはいつもにげみちをさがす). There is no escape from this situation「この状況から逃げ道はない」(このじょうきょうからにげみちはない). The word carries a nuance of seeking a solution or exit, often under pressure.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6634

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Defeat

Reading

Kanji

戦Fight, War 敗Defeat

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '敗戦 (はいせん)' means 'defeat' or 'losing a war'. It is commonly used to refer to a military defeat, particularly in the context of wars or battles. However, it can also be used metaphorically to describe a significant loss in other areas, such as sports or competitions. For example: Japan experienced defeat in World War II「日本は第二次世界大戦で敗戦を経験した」(にほんはだいにじせかいたいせんではいせんをけいけんした). The team suffered a crushing defeat「チームは惨敗を喫した」(チームはざんぱいをきっした). Note that '敗戦' carries a formal tone and is often used in historical or serious contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6636

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Offer

Reading

Kanji

供Accompany, Offer

Explanation

The Japanese verb '供える (そなえる)' means 'to offer' or 'to present'. It is commonly used in the context of offering something, often in a religious or ceremonial setting, such as offering food, flowers, or other items to deities, spirits, or ancestors. For example: They offered flowers to the altar「彼らは祭壇に花を供えた」(かれらはさいだんにはなをそなえた). We offered rice to the gods「私たちは神々に米を供えた」(わたしたちはかみがみにこめをそなえた). The verb carries a respectful and formal tone, often implying a sense of reverence or ritual.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6648

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Discomfort

Reading

Kanji

和Peace 違Differ, Different

Explanation

The Japanese noun '違和 (いわ)' refers to a sense of discomfort, unease, or incongruity. It is often used to describe a feeling that something is out of place or not quite right, whether physically, emotionally, or situationally. For example: I felt a sense of discomfort in the new environment「新しい環境に違和を感じた」(あたらしいかんきょうにいわをかんじた). There was an incongruity in his explanation「彼の説明に違和があった」(かれのせつめいにいわがあった). This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to express a subtle sense of something being off or not harmonious.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6657

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Seat

Reading

Kanji

座Sit, Seat 席Seat

Explanation

The Japanese noun '座席 (ざせき)' refers to a 'seat'. This term is commonly used in contexts such as theaters, airplanes, trains, or any place where seating arrangements are provided. For example: Please take your seat「どうぞ座席にお座りください」(どうぞざせきにおすわりください). The seat is reserved「その座席は予約済みです」(そのざせきはよやくずみです). It's important to note that '座席' specifically refers to the physical seat itself, not the act of sitting.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6658

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hope

Reading

Kanji

望Hope, Ambition

Explanation

The Japanese noun '望み (のぞみ)' means 'hope'. It refers to a feeling of expectation and desire for a certain thing to happen. This word is often used in contexts where someone is expressing their aspirations or desires for the future. For example: I have hope for the future「未来に望みがある」(みらいにのぞみがある). She lost all hope「彼女はすべての望みを失った」(かのじょはすべてののぞみをうしなった). It can also be used in a more general sense to describe a wish or a desire, such as in the phrase '望みを叶える (のぞみをかなえる)', which means 'to fulfill a wish'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6662

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Postcard

Reading

Kanji

葉Leaf 書Write

Explanation

The Japanese noun '葉書 (はがき)' refers to a 'postcard'. It is a rectangular piece of thick paper or thin cardboard intended for writing and mailing without an envelope. Postcards are often used for short messages, greetings, or as souvenirs. They typically feature a picture or design on one side and space for a message, address, and stamp on the other. Example sentences: I bought a postcard at the souvenir shop「おみやげやで葉書を買いました」(おみやげやではがきをかいました). Please send me a postcard from your trip「旅行から葉書を送ってください」(りょこうからはがきをおくってください).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6663

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Deepen

Reading

Kanji

深Deep

Explanation

The Japanese verb '深まる (ふかまる)' means 'to deepen'. It is used to describe a situation, feeling, or relationship becoming more intense, profound, or serious. This verb is often used in contexts where emotions, understanding, or connections grow stronger over time. For example: Their relationship deepened「彼らの関係は深まった」(かれらのかんけいはふかまった). The mystery deepened「謎が深まった」(なぞがふかまった). It can also be used in a more literal sense, such as when describing the deepening of a color or a physical depth, though this is less common. For example: The color of the sky deepened「空の色が深まった」(そらのいろがふかまった).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6667

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Careful

Reading

Kanji

意Idea 注Pour 深Deep

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '注意深い (ちゅういぶかい)' means 'careful'. It describes someone who is attentive, cautious, or meticulous in their actions or observations. This word is often used to praise someone's thoroughness or attention to detail. For example: She is a careful observer「彼女は注意深い観察者だ」(かのじょはちゅういぶかいかんさつしゃだ). He listened carefully to the instructions「彼は注意深く指示を聞いた」(かれはちゅういぶかくしじをきいた). The nuance of '注意深い' emphasizes a deliberate and thoughtful approach, often implying a high level of awareness or consideration.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6668

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Paragraph

Reading

Kanji

段Step, Stairs 落Fall

Explanation

The Japanese noun '段落 (だんらく)' refers to a 'paragraph', a distinct section of a piece of writing, typically dealing with a single theme and indicated by a new line, indentation, or numbering. It is commonly used in both written and spoken Japanese to refer to sections of text. For example: Please read the next paragraph「次の段落を読んでください」(つぎのだんらくをよんでください). This paragraph is difficult to understand「この段落は理解しにくい」(このだんらくはりかいしにくい). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe phases or stages in a process or story.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6669

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Overlook

Reading

Kanji

見See 落Fall

Explanation

The Japanese verb '見落とす (みおとす)' means 'to overlook' or 'to miss something'. It is used when someone fails to notice or consider something, often due to carelessness or inattention. This verb is commonly used in situations where details, errors, or important information are missed. For example: I overlooked the mistake in the report「レポートの間違いを見落とした」(レポートのまちがいをみおとした). He missed the small detail in the painting「彼は絵の小さな詳細を見落とした」(かれはえのちいさなしょうさいをみおとした). The verb can also imply a sense of regret or realization after the fact, as in 'I can't believe I overlooked that!'「それを見落としたなんて信じられない！」(それをみおとしたなんてしんじられない！).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6670

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Physical education

Reading

Kanji

育Raise, Grow 体Body

Explanation

The Japanese noun '体育 (たいいく)' refers to 'physical education'. It is commonly used in the context of school education, where students engage in physical activities and sports as part of their curriculum. For example: We have physical education today「今日は体育があります」(きょうはたいいくがあります). Physical education is important for health「体育は健康に重要です」(たいいくはけんこうにじゅうようです). The term emphasizes the educational aspect of physical activities, distinguishing it from casual exercise or sports.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6673

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Association

Reading

Kanji

想Concept 連Take along

Explanation

The Japanese noun '連想 (れんそう)' means 'association'. It refers to the mental connection or link between ideas, memories, or concepts. This word is often used in contexts where one thing reminds you of another, such as in psychology, creative thinking, or everyday conversation. For example: This song brings back memories「この曲は連想を呼び起こす」(このきょくはれんそうをよびおこす). The word 'red' often leads to the association of 'apple'「『赤』という言葉は『りんご』の連想を引き起こす」(『あか』ということばは『りんご』のれんそうをひきおこす). It can also be used in phrases like '連想ゲーム (れんそうゲーム)' (association game), where participants connect words based on their associations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6677

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Distribution

Reading

Kanji

流Flow 通Commute, Pass

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '流通 (りゅうつう)' refers to the process of distributing goods, products, or information. It is commonly used in contexts related to commerce, logistics, and economics. For example: The distribution of goods is efficient「商品の流通が効率的だ」(しょうひんのりゅうつうがこうりつてきだ). Information flows quickly in this network「このネットワークでは情報の流通が速い」(このネットワークではじょうほうのりゅうつうがはやい). The term can also be used metaphorically to describe the circulation of ideas or trends.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6679

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Middle class

Reading

Kanji

中Center 流Flow

Explanation

The Japanese noun '中流 (ちゅうりゅう)' refers to the 'middle class' in a socioeconomic context. It is commonly used to describe a social class that is neither wealthy nor poor, often characterized by moderate income and lifestyle. This term can be used in discussions about society, economics, or personal status. For example: They belong to the middle class「彼らは中流です」(かれらはちゅうりゅうです). The middle class is shrinking「中流が縮小している」(ちゅうりゅうがしゅくしょうしている). Note that '中流' can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is average or moderate in quality or status, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6680

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Second rate

Reading

Kanji

二Two 流Flow

Explanation

The Japanese noun '二流 (にりゅう)' refers to something or someone that is considered 'second-rate' or of lower quality compared to the best or top-tier. It is often used to describe things, people, or groups that are not at the highest level of excellence or prestige. For example: he is a second-rate artist「彼は二流の芸術家だ」(かれはにりゅうのげいじゅつかだ). This restaurant is second-rate「このレストランは二流だ」(このレストランはにりゅうだ). The term can carry a slightly negative connotation, implying mediocrity or lack of distinction.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6682

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Legal

Reading

Kanji

法Law, Method 定Determine

Explanation

The Japanese noun '法定 (ほうてい)' refers to something that is established or prescribed by law. It is often used in contexts related to legal standards, requirements, or procedures. For example: the legal age for drinking is 20「法定飲酒年齢は20歳です」(ほうていいんしゅねんれいははたちです). The legal holiday is determined by the government「法定休日は政府によって決められます」(ほうていきゅうじつはせいふによってきめられます). This term is commonly used in legal, administrative, and official contexts to denote something that is mandated by law.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6691

Composition

kanji

Handwriting