言Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Kanji JLPT Level

word

Meaning

Epidemic, Trend

Reading

Kanji

行Go 流Flow

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '流行 (りゅうこう)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'trend', referring to something that is currently popular or fashionable. For example: This hairstyle is trending now「このヘアスタイルが今流行している」(このヘアスタイルがいまりゅうこうしている). The second meaning is 'epidemic', referring to the rapid spread of a disease. For example: The flu is spreading rapidly「インフルエンザが流行している」(インフルエンザがりゅうこうしている). The context usually makes it clear which meaning is intended, but both meanings are widely used in everyday conversation and media.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6693

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Washing

Reading

Kanji

洗Wash 面Face, Surface

Explanation

The Japanese noun '洗面 (せんめん)' refers to the act of washing one's face or the area where one washes their face, such as a washbasin. It is commonly used in contexts related to personal hygiene and daily routines. For example: I washed my face「洗面をした」(せんめんをした). The washbasin is in the bathroom「洗面はバスルームにある」(せんめんはバスルームにある). This word is often used in compound words like '洗面台 (せんめんだい)' (washbasin) or '洗面所 (せんめんじょ)' (washroom).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6694

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Restroom, Hand washing

Reading

Kanji

洗Wash 手Hand

Explanation

The Japanese noun '手洗い (てあらい)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'handwashing', which refers to the act of washing one's hands. This is commonly used in contexts related to hygiene, such as before meals or after using the restroom. For example: Please wash your hands「手洗いをしてください」(てあらいをしてください). The second meaning is 'restroom', which refers to a place where one can wash their hands or use the toilet. This usage is more common in public places or establishments. For example: Where is the restroom?「手洗いはどこですか？」(てあらいはどこですか？). It's important to note that the context in which '手洗い' is used will determine which meaning is intended.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6695

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Chill

Reading

Kanji

込Put in, Crowded 冷Cold

Explanation

The Japanese verb '冷え込む (ひえこむ)' means 'to chill' or 'to become cold'. It is often used to describe a sudden drop in temperature, either in the weather or in a person's body. For example: The weather suddenly chilled「急に冷え込んだ」(きゅうにひえこんだ). My body feels chilled「体が冷え込む」(からだがひえこむ). This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe a situation or atmosphere becoming cold or tense. For example: The atmosphere in the room chilled「部屋の雰囲気が冷え込んだ」(へやのふんいきがひえこんだ).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6698

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tease

Reading

Kanji

冷Cold

Explanation

The Japanese verb '冷やかす (ひやかす)' primarily means 'to tease' or 'to make fun of someone in a playful or lighthearted manner'. It is often used in social contexts where someone is joking around or bantering with others. However, it can also carry a nuance of mocking or ridiculing, depending on the tone and context. For example: He teased his friend about his new haircut「彼は友達の新しい髪型を冷やかした」(かれはともだちのあたらしいかみがたをひやかした). The shopkeeper playfully teased the customer「店員は客を冷やかした」(てんいんはきゃくをひやかした). Note that this verb is not used for serious or hurtful teasing, but rather for light-hearted or humorous interactions.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6699

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Battle

Reading

Kanji

合Fit, Match 戦Fight, War

Explanation

The Japanese noun '合戦 (かっせん)' refers to a 'battle' or 'fight', typically used in the context of historical or large-scale conflicts. It often evokes imagery of samurai or feudal-era battles. For example: The battle was fierce「合戦は激しかった」(かっせんははげしかった). They prepared for the battle「彼らは合戦の準備をした」(かれらはかっせんのじゅんびをした). This word is less commonly used in modern contexts and is more associated with historical or literary descriptions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6702

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Subject

Reading

Kanji

科Section, Department 目Eye

Explanation

The Japanese noun '科目 (かもく)' refers to a 'subject' in the context of academic studies or a specific field of learning. It is commonly used in educational settings to describe different areas of study, such as mathematics, science, or history. For example: My favorite subject is math「私の好きな科目は数学です」(わたしのすきなかもくはすうがくです). This school offers many subjects「この学校は多くの科目を提供しています」(このがっこうはおおくのかもくをていきょうしています). The word can also be used in broader contexts to refer to categories or divisions within a system, such as in accounting or law.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6703

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Home

Reading

Kanji

在Be, Exist 宅House

Explanation

The Japanese noun '在宅 (ざいたく)' refers to being at home or staying at home. It is often used in contexts related to work, care, or services provided at home. For example: working from home「在宅で仕事をする」(ざいたくでしごとをする). Home care service「在宅ケアサービス」(ざいたくけあさーびす). This term is commonly used in modern contexts, especially with the rise of remote work and home-based services.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6706

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Face

Reading

Kanji

合Fit, Match 向Facing, Yonder

Explanation

The Japanese verb '向き合う (むきあう)' means 'to face' or 'to confront'. It is used to describe the act of facing someone or something, either physically or emotionally. This verb often implies a sense of directness and engagement, whether it be in a physical confrontation or an emotional challenge. For example: we need to face our problems「私たちは問題に向き合う必要がある」(わたしたちはもんだいにむきあうひつようがある). He faced his opponent bravely「彼は勇敢に相手に向き合った」(かれはゆうかんにあいてにむきあった). The verb can also be used in a more literal sense, such as facing a direction or object.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6710

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Application

Reading

Kanji

用Use 適Suitable

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '適用 (てきよう)' means 'application' in the sense of applying a rule, law, principle, or method to a specific situation or case. It is commonly used in formal, legal, or technical contexts. For example: The new law will be applied next month「新しい法律が来月適用されます」(あたらしいほうりつがらいげつてきようされます). This method is not applicable to all cases「この方法はすべてのケースに適用できません」(このほうほうはすべてのケースにてきようできません). The word often implies the act of putting something into practice or enforcing a rule.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6713

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Appropriate

Reading

Kanji

切Cut 適Suitable

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '適切 (てきせつ)' means 'appropriate' or 'suitable'. It is used to describe something that is fitting or proper for a particular situation or purpose. This word is often used in formal or professional contexts to indicate that something is well-suited or correct. For example: His response was appropriate「彼の返答は適切だった」(かれのへんとうはてきせつだった). We need to take appropriate measures「適切な対策を取る必要がある」(てきせつなたいさくをとるひつようがある). The word can also be used to describe actions, decisions, or solutions that are well-considered and fitting for the circumstances.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6714

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Suitable, Random

Reading

Kanji

適Suitable 当Hit, Appropriate

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '適当 (てきとう)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'suitable' or 'appropriate', referring to something that fits a particular purpose or situation. For example: This tool is suitable for the job「この道具は仕事に適当です」(このどうぐはしごとにてきとうです). The second meaning is 'random' or 'careless', often implying a lack of thought or effort. For example: He gave a random answer「彼は適当に答えた」(かれはてきとうにこたえた). The context usually clarifies which meaning is intended, as the word can be ambiguous without additional information.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6716

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Moderate

Reading

Kanji

適Suitable 度Degrees, Times

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '適度 (てきど)' means 'moderate'. It is used to describe something that is neither too much nor too little, but just the right amount. This term is often used in contexts related to health, exercise, diet, and work-life balance. For example: moderate exercise is good for health「適度な運動は健康に良い」(てきどなうんどうはけんこうにいい). It's important to maintain a moderate pace「適度なペースを保つことが大切です」(てきどなぺーすをたもつことがたいせつです). The word can also be used to describe the intensity or degree of something, such as '適度な緊張 (てきどなきんちょう)' which means 'moderate tension'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6717

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Recession

Reading

Kanji

景Scene 気Spirit 不Not

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不景気 (ふけいき)' refers to an economic recession or a state of economic downturn. It is commonly used to describe periods when the economy is performing poorly, with decreased business activity, high unemployment, and low consumer spending. For example: The country is in a recession「その国は不景気です」(そのくにはふけいきです). Many companies are struggling due to the recession「多くの会社が不景気で苦しんでいる」(おおくのかいしゃがふけいきでくるしんでいる). This term is often used in news reports, economic discussions, and everyday conversations about financial difficulties.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6727

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sunlight

Reading

Kanji

光Light 日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '日光 (にっこう)' primarily means 'sunlight'. It refers to the light that comes from the sun, often emphasizing its brightness or warmth. This word is commonly used in contexts related to nature, weather, or describing the atmosphere created by sunlight. For example: The sunlight is warm「日光が暖かい」(にっこうがあたたかい). The room is filled with sunlight「部屋に日光が差し込んでいる」(へやににっこうがさしこんでいる). Additionally, '日光' can also refer to the famous city 'Nikko' in Japan, known for its historical temples and natural beauty, but this usage is context-dependent and less common in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6728

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Subjectivity

Reading

Kanji

観View 主Master

Explanation

The Japanese noun '主観 (しゅかん)' refers to 'subjectivity', which is the quality of being based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions. It is often used in philosophical, psychological, or everyday contexts to describe a personal perspective or interpretation. For example: His opinion is based on subjectivity「彼の意見は主観に基づいている」(かれのいけんはしゅかんにもとづいている). In art, subjectivity is important「芸術において主観は重要だ」(げいじゅつにおいてしゅかんはじゅうようだ). This term contrasts with '客観 (きゃっかん)', which means 'objectivity'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6732

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Desire

Reading

Kanji

欲Desire, Longing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '欲 (よく)' means 'desire'. It refers to a strong feeling of wanting something, whether it be material possessions, achievements, or abstract goals. This word is often used in contexts related to human nature, psychology, or philosophy. For example: His desire for success is strong「彼の成功への欲は強い」(かれのせいこうへのよくはつよい). Desire can lead to suffering「欲は苦しみを招くことがある」(よくはくるしみをまねくことがある). The word can also appear in compounds, such as '欲望 (よくぼう)' (desire, craving) or '食欲 (しょくよく)' (appetite).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6735

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Etc

Reading

Kanji

等Equal

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '等々 (とうとう)' is used to indicate that there are additional items or examples that are not explicitly listed, similar to 'etc.' or 'and so on' in English. It is often used in both formal and informal contexts to imply a continuation of a list without specifying every item. For example: I bought apples, oranges, etc.「りんごやオレンジ等々を買いました」(りんごやオレンジとうとうをかいました). The meeting discussed budgets, schedules, etc.「会議では予算やスケジュール等々について話し合いました」(かいぎではよさんやスケジュールとうとうについてはなしあいました). This suffix is versatile and can be used in various contexts to avoid listing every single item or detail.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6738

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pro baseball

Reading

Kanji

野Field 球Ball

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'プロ野球 (プロやきゅう)' refers to 'professional baseball' in Japan. It specifically denotes the organized league of professional baseball teams and players in the country. This term is widely used in sports contexts and media. Example sentences: I enjoy watching professional baseball「プロ野球を見るのが好きです」(プロやきゅうをみるのがすきです). He plays in professional baseball「彼はプロ野球でプレーしています」(かれはプロやきゅうでプレーしています). The term is distinct from amateur or school baseball leagues.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6741

Composition

kanji-katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bulb

Reading

Kanji

球Ball 電Electricity

Explanation

The Japanese noun '電球 (でんきゅう)' refers to an electric light bulb, which is a device that produces light from electricity. This term is commonly used in everyday contexts when discussing lighting, fixtures, or household items. For example: The bulb is broken「電球が壊れている」(でんきゅうがこわれている). I need to replace the bulb「電球を交換する必要がある」(でんきゅうをこうかんするひつようがある). The word is neutral in tone and can be used in both formal and informal settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6742

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Active

Reading

Kanji

役Duty 現Appear, Current

Explanation

The Japanese noun '現役 (げんえき)' primarily means 'active' and is used to describe someone who is currently engaged in a particular role, profession, or activity. It is often used in contexts such as sports, work, or education to indicate that someone is still actively participating rather than retired or inactive. For example: He is an active player「彼は現役の選手です」(かれはげんえきのせんしゅです). She is still an active student「彼女はまだ現役の学生です」(かのじょはまだげんえきのがくせいです). The term can also imply a sense of being in one's prime or currently performing at a high level.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6750

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Expect

Reading

Kanji

掛Set, Hang 思Think

Explanation

The Japanese verb '思い掛ける (おもいがける)' means 'to expect' or 'to anticipate'. It is used when someone has a certain expectation or assumption about a situation or outcome. This verb often carries a nuance of something being unexpected or contrary to what was anticipated. For example: I didn't expect it to rain「雨が降るとは思い掛けなかった」(あめがふるとはおもいがけなかった). He expected the meeting to be short「彼は会議が短いと思い掛けていた」(かれはかいぎがみじかいとおもいがけていた). Note that this verb is less common in modern Japanese and may be replaced by more straightforward terms like '予期する (よきする)' or '期待する (きたいする)' in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6757

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Approach

Reading

Kanji

近Near 寄Draw near

Explanation

The Japanese verb '近寄る (ちかよる)' means 'to approach' or 'to come near'. It is used to describe the action of moving closer to something or someone, either physically or metaphorically. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as approaching a person, an object, or even an abstract concept like danger. For example: The dog approached the stranger「犬がその見知らぬ人に近寄った」(いぬがそのみしらぬひとにちかよった). Don't approach the edge of the cliff「崖の端に近寄らないで」(がけのはしにちかよらないで). The verb often implies a deliberate or cautious movement towards something.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6760

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Detour

Reading

Kanji

道Way 寄Draw near

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '寄り道 (よりみち)' refers to taking a detour or making a side trip. It is often used to describe stopping by a place on the way to a primary destination, either intentionally or spontaneously. For example: I made a detour to the bookstore「本屋に寄り道しました」(ほんやによりみちしました). She took a detour to buy some snacks「彼女はお菓子を買いに寄り道した」(かのじょはおかしをかいによりみちした). This word carries a casual and often positive connotation, implying a leisurely or enjoyable diversion rather than an inconvenient one.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6761

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Gather

Reading

Kanji

集Gather 寄Draw near

Explanation

The Japanese verb '寄り集まる (よりあつまる)' means 'to gather' or 'to come together'. It is used to describe people or things coming together in one place, often implying a sense of unity or collective action. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as people gathering for a meeting, birds flocking together, or even abstract ideas converging. For example: The students gathered in the classroom「学生たちが教室に寄り集まった」(がくせいたちがきょうしつによりあつまった). The birds gathered on the tree「鳥たちが木に寄り集まった」(とりたちがきによりあつまった). The verb often carries a nuance of natural or spontaneous gathering rather than a forced or organized one.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6762

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Picture book

Reading

Kanji

絵Picture 本Book, Origin

Explanation

The Japanese noun '絵本 (えほん)' refers to a 'picture book', which is a book that combines illustrations and text, often aimed at children. These books are widely used for storytelling and early education in Japan. Example sentences: I bought a picture book for my niece「姪のために絵本を買いました」(めいのためにえほんをかいました). This picture book is very popular among children「この絵本は子供たちにとても人気です」(このえほんはこどもたちにとてもにんきです). The word is commonly used in contexts involving children's literature, education, and storytelling.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6768

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Empathy

Reading

Kanji

共Together 感Feeling, Sensation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '共感 (きょうかん)' means 'empathy'. It refers to the ability to understand and share the feelings of another person. This word is often used in contexts where emotional connection or mutual understanding is emphasized. For example: I felt empathy for her situation「彼女の状況に共感を覚えた」(かのじょのじょうきょうにきょうかんをおぼえた). His speech resonated with the audience「彼のスピーチは聴衆に共感を与えた」(かれのスピーチはちょうしゅうにきょうかんをあたえた). The term is commonly used in both personal and professional settings to describe a deep emotional connection or shared understanding.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6771

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Half

Reading

Kanji

半Half 数Number

Explanation

The Japanese noun '半数 (はんすう)' means 'half' in the sense of a numerical or proportional division. It is often used to refer to half of a group, quantity, or percentage. For example: half of the participants agreed「半数の参加者が賛成した」(はんすうのさんかしゃがさんせいした). The company lost half of its employees「会社は半数の従業員を失った」(かいしゃははんすうのじゅうぎょういんをうしなった). This word is commonly used in formal or statistical contexts to describe a division into two equal parts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6777

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Legislation

Reading

Kanji

法Law, Method 立Stand

Explanation

The Japanese noun '立法 (りっぽう)' refers to the act or process of making laws. It is commonly used in contexts related to government, politics, and legal systems. For example: The Diet is responsible for legislation「国会は立法を担当する」(こっかいはりっぽうをたんとうする). This law was passed through proper legislation「この法律は適切な立法を通じて成立した」(このほうりつはてきせつなりっぽうをとおじてせいりつした). The term is often associated with the legislative branch of government and the creation of laws.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6780

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cut, Sever

Reading

Kanji

断Decide, Cut off

Explanation

The Japanese verb '断つ (たつ)' primarily means 'to cut' or 'to sever'. It is used to describe the act of cutting something off or discontinuing it, often in a decisive or final manner. This verb can be applied to physical actions, such as cutting a rope, or abstract actions, such as breaking a habit or ending a relationship. For example: He decided to cut ties with his old friends「彼は古い友人との関係を断つことにした」(かれはふるいゆうじんとかんけいをたつことにした). She quit smoking「彼女はタバコを断った」(かのじょはタバコをたった). The nuance of '断つ' often implies a deliberate and sometimes difficult decision to end or stop something.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6782

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cross

Reading

Kanji

横Sideways 切Cut

Explanation

The Japanese verb '横切る (よこぎる)' means 'to cross' or 'to go across'. It is used to describe the action of moving from one side of something to the other, such as crossing a street, a room, or a field. This verb often implies a horizontal or lateral movement. For example: The cat crossed the street「猫が道を横切った」(ねこがみちをよこぎった). A bird flew across the sky「鳥が空を横切った」(とりがそらをよこぎった). The verb can also be used metaphorically, such as when something interrupts or cuts across a situation or conversation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6788

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Profile

Reading

Kanji

横Sideways 顔Face

Explanation

The Japanese noun '横顔 (よこがお)' refers to the side view or profile of a person's face. It is often used to describe someone's appearance from the side, emphasizing features like the nose, jawline, or cheekbones. This word can carry a poetic or aesthetic nuance, as it is sometimes used to highlight beauty or elegance. For example: Her profile is beautiful「彼女の横顔は美しい」(かのじょのよこがおはうつくしい). I saw his profile in the sunset「彼の横顔を夕日の中で見た」(かれのよこがおをゆうひのなかでみた). Note that '横顔' is distinct from '正面 (しょうめん)', which refers to the front view of a face.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6789

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Interruption

Reading

Kanji

中Center 断Decide, Cut off

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '中断 (ちゅうだん)' means 'interruption' or 'suspension'. It refers to the act of stopping something temporarily, often due to an external factor or a decision to pause. This term is commonly used in contexts such as work, events, or processes. For example: The meeting was interrupted「会議が中断した」(かいぎがちゅうだんした). Due to the rain, the game was suspended「雨のため、試合が中断した」(あめのため、しあいがちゅうだんした). It can also be used in compound verbs like '中断する (ちゅうだんする)' to mean 'to interrupt' or 'to suspend'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6790

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Water cut off

Reading

Kanji

断Decide, Cut off 水Water

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '断水 (だんすい)' refers to the act of cutting off the water supply, often due to maintenance, repairs, or emergencies. It is commonly used in contexts where water services are temporarily suspended. For example: There will be a water cutoff tomorrow「明日は断水です」(あしたはだんすいです). The water cutoff lasted for three hours「断水は三時間続きました」(だんすいさんじかんつづきました). This term is frequently seen in public announcements or notices about water service interruptions.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6791

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Conclusion

Reading

Kanji

定Determine 断Decide, Cut off

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '断定 (だんてい)' means 'conclusion' or 'definite decision'. It is used to express a firm or definitive judgment about something. This word often appears in formal or logical contexts, such as in discussions, debates, or written analyses. For example: He reached a conclusion「彼は断定した」(かれはだんていした). The evidence led to a definite conclusion「その証拠は断定を導いた」(そのしょうこはだんていをみちびいた). Note that '断定' is often used with verbs like 'する' to form the phrase '断定する', meaning 'to conclude' or 'to assert definitively'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6793

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Next

Reading

Kanji

次Next

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '次いで (ついで)' means 'next' or 'following'. It is used to indicate the order of events, actions, or items in a sequence. This word is often used in formal or written contexts to describe what comes immediately after something else. For example: The first prize went to John, and next was Mary「一等賞はジョンで、次いでメアリーだった」(いっとうしょうはジョンで、ついでメアリーだった). After the main course, next came dessert「メインコースの次いでデザートが出た」(メインコースのついでデザートがでた). Note that '次いで' is more formal than '次に (つぎに)', which is a more common way to say 'next' in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6795

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wartime

Reading

Kanji

時Time, Hour 戦Fight, War

Explanation

The Japanese noun '戦時 (せんじ)' refers to the period during which a war is taking place. It is used to describe the time frame or conditions associated with war, such as wartime economy, wartime regulations, or wartime experiences. For example: During wartime, resources were scarce「戦時中、資源が不足していた」(せんじちゅう、しげんがふそくしていた). Wartime measures were implemented「戦時の措置が実施された」(せんじのそちがじっしされた). This term is often used in historical contexts or discussions about military conflicts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6800

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Inhale

Reading

Kanji

吸Inhale, Suck 込Put in, Crowded

Explanation

The Japanese verb '吸い込む (すいこむ)' primarily means 'to inhale' or 'to suck in'. It is used to describe the action of drawing something in, such as air, smoke, or even abstract concepts like emotions. For example: She inhaled the fresh air deeply「彼女は新鮮な空気を深く吸い込んだ」(かのじょはしんせんなくうきをふかくすいこんだ). The vacuum cleaner sucked in all the dust「掃除機がすべてのほこりを吸い込んだ」(そうじきがすべてのほこりをすいこんだ). This verb can also be used metaphorically, such as when describing being absorbed or engrossed in something, like a story or a situation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6806

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Visit

Reading

Kanji

訪Visit 問Question, Problem

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '訪問 (ほうもん)' means 'visit'. It refers to the act of visiting someone or someplace, often with a formal or purposeful connotation. It is commonly used in contexts such as business visits, home visits, or official visits. For example: I will visit my friend tomorrow「明日、友達を訪問します」(あした、ともだちをほうもんします). The president visited the factory「社長は工場を訪問しました」(しゃちょうはこうじょうをほうもんしました). This word is often used in formal settings and can be combined with other words to specify the type of visit, such as '家庭訪問 (かていほうもん)' (home visit) or '公式訪問 (こうしきほうもん)' (official visit).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6820

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Catchup

Reading

Kanji

追Follow 付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese verb '追い付く (おいつく)' means 'to catch up'. This verb is used when someone or something reaches the same level, position, or status as another after being behind. It can be used in both physical and metaphorical contexts. For example: I finally caught up with my friend「やっと友達に追い付いた」(やっとともだちにおいついた). The company is trying to catch up with its competitors「その会社は競合他社に追い付こうとしている」(そのかいしゃはきょうごうたしゃにおいつこうとしている). Note that this verb often implies effort or time was required to reach the same point.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6825

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Insert, Pierce

Reading

Kanji

差Difference 込Put in, Crowded

Explanation

The Japanese verb '差し込む (さしこむ)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to insert,' which refers to placing something into a space or slot, such as inserting a key into a lock. For example: He inserted the key into the lock「彼は鍵を差し込んだ」(かれはかぎをさしこんだ). The second meaning is 'to pierce,' which describes something penetrating or passing through, often with force or intensity. For example: The sunlight pierced through the clouds「日光が雲を差し込んだ」(にっこうがくもをさしこんだ). This verb can also be used metaphorically, such as describing pain or emotions piercing through someone. For example: A sharp pain pierced his chest「鋭い痛みが胸を差し込んだ」(するどいいたみがむねをさしこんだ).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6826

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Secret

Reading

Kanji

緒Beginning, Together 内Inside

Explanation

The Japanese noun '内緒 (ないしょ)' means 'secret'. It refers to information that is deliberately kept hidden or not disclosed to others. This word is often used in casual conversations to indicate that something should not be shared. For example: This is a secret, so don't tell anyone「これは内緒だから、誰にも言わないで」(これはないしょだから、だれにもいわないで). I'll tell you a secret「内緒の話を教えるね」(ないしょのはなしをおしえるね). The term can also imply confidentiality in relationships or agreements, such as keeping a surprise party a secret from someone.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6830

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

House sitting

Reading

Kanji

守Protect 番Turn 留Stay, Detain

Explanation

The Japanese noun '留守番 (るすばん)' refers to the act of looking after a house or property while the owner is away. It is commonly used when someone stays at home to take care of things, such as receiving packages, watching over pets, or ensuring security. For example: I will do the house-sitting「私が留守番をします」(わたしがるすばんをします). The dog is good at house-sitting「その犬は留守番が上手です」(そのいぬはるすばんがじょうずです). This term is often used in contexts where someone is temporarily responsible for a home in the absence of its usual occupants.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6846

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Emphasis, Key point

Reading

Kanji

点Point 重Heavy

Explanation

The Japanese noun '重点 (じゅうてん)' refers to the main point, emphasis, or focal point of something. It is often used to describe the central idea or the most important aspect of a topic, plan, or discussion. For example: The emphasis is on quality「重点は品質にあります」(じゅうてんはひんしつにあります). The keypoint of the plan is cost reduction「計画の重点はコスト削減です」(けいかくのじゅうてんはコストさくげんです). This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to highlight what is most critical or significant.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6848

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Inquiry

Reading

Kanji

合Fit, Match 問Question, Problem

Explanation

The Japanese noun '問い合わせ (といあわせ)' refers to an 'inquiry' or 'query'. It is commonly used in formal or business contexts to describe a request for information or clarification. For example: I made an inquiry about the product「製品について問い合わせをしました」(せいひんについてといあわせをしました). Please contact us for any inquiries「ご質問はお問い合わせください」(ごしつもんはおといあわせください). This term is often seen in customer service settings, websites, or official communications.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6849

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Difficulty

Reading

Kanji

難Difficult

Explanation

The Japanese noun '難 (なん)' means 'difficulty' or 'hardship'. It is often used to describe challenging situations, problems, or obstacles. This word is commonly found in compound words or phrases, such as '困難 (こんなん)' (difficulty) or '災難 (さいなん)' (disaster). For example: This problem is full of difficulties「この問題は難だらけだ」(このもんだいはなんだらけだ). Overcoming difficulties is important「難を乗り越えることが大切だ」(なんをのりこえることがたいせつだ). Note that '難' can also appear in idiomatic expressions or proverbs, emphasizing the concept of struggle or adversity.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6850

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Every time

Reading

Kanji

毎Every 回Revolve, Times (counter for occurrences)

Explanation

The Japanese noun '毎回 (まいかい)' means 'every time' or 'each time'. It is used to indicate that something happens on every occasion or instance. This word is often used in contexts where an action or event is repeated consistently. For example: He is late every time「彼は毎回遅れる」(かれはまいかいおくれる). I learn something new every time「毎回新しいことを学ぶ」(まいかいあたらしいことをまなぶ). The word can be used in both formal and informal settings, and it is commonly seen in both spoken and written Japanese.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6851

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mutual

Reading

Kanji

合Fit, Match

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '合い (あい)' is used to indicate mutual or reciprocal action between two or more parties. It is often attached to verbs to form nouns that describe a shared or joint activity. For example: helping each other「助け合い」(たすけあい), or mutual understanding「分かり合い」(わかりあい). This suffix emphasizes the idea of interaction or cooperation between individuals. Another example: love between two people「愛し合い」(あいしあい). It is important to note that '合い' is not used independently but always as a suffix to modify verbs into nouns.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6853

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fit, Apply

Reading

Kanji

当Hit, Appropriate

Explanation

The Japanese verb '当てはまる (あてはまる)' means 'to apply' or 'to fit'. It is used to describe a situation where something corresponds to or matches a certain condition, rule, or description. For example: This rule applies to everyone「このルールは全員に当てはまる」(このルールはぜんいんにあてはまる). The description fits him perfectly「その説明は彼にぴったり当てはまる」(そのせつめいはかれにぴったりあてはまる). The verb is often used in contexts where a general rule or condition is being applied to a specific case or individual.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6854

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bring close

Reading

Kanji

近Near 付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese verb '近付ける (ちかづける)' means 'to bring something or someone closer.' It is used when the action of moving an object or a person closer to another thing or person is performed by the subject. Example: He brought the chair closer to the table 「彼は椅子をテーブルに近付けた」 (かれはいすをテーブルにちかづけた). Please move the vase closer to the window 「花瓶を窓に近付けてください」 (かびんをまどにちかづけてください). This verb can also be used metaphorically, as in 'to bring people closer together,' for example: She brought the two teams closer together 「彼女は2つのチームを近付けた」 (かのじょはふたつのチームをちかづけた).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6855

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Refund

Reading

Kanji

戻Return 払Pay, Drive away

Explanation

The Japanese verb '払い戻す (はらいもどす)' means 'to refund' or 'to return money'. It is commonly used in situations where money is returned to a customer, such as after canceling a purchase or service. For example: The store refunded the money「店がお金を払い戻した」(みせがおかねをはらいもどした). I got a refund for the ticket「チケットの払い戻しを受けた」(チケットのはらいもどしをうけた). This verb is often used in formal or business contexts, and it implies a process of returning funds that were previously paid.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6857

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lay

Reading

Kanji

寝Lie down, Go to sleep

Explanation

The Japanese verb '寝かす (ねかす)' means 'to lay something/someone down' or 'to put something/someone to sleep'. It is often used when referring to laying a child or an object down, such as placing a baby in a crib or setting something flat. For example: I laid the baby down in the crib「赤ちゃんをベッドに寝かした」(あかちゃんをベッドにねかした). She laid the book on the table「彼女は本をテーブルに寝かした」(かのじょはほんをテーブルにねかした). Additionally, '寝かす' can also be used metaphorically, such as letting dough rest or allowing an idea to mature. For example: Let the dough rest for an hour「生地を1時間寝かす」(きじを1じかんねかす).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6858

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Oversleep

Reading

Kanji

過Exceed, Error 寝Lie down, Go to sleep

Explanation

The Japanese verb '寝過ごす (ねすごす)' means 'to oversleep'. It is used when someone sleeps longer than intended, often resulting in missing an important event or being late. This verb is commonly used in daily conversations to describe situations where someone accidentally sleeps past their alarm or intended wake-up time. For example: I overslept and missed the train「寝過ごして電車に乗り遅れた」(ねすごしてでんしゃにのりおくれた). He overslept and was late for work「彼は寝過ごして仕事に遅れた」(かれはねすごしてしごとにおくれた). The verb is a combination of '寝る (ねる)' (to sleep) and '過ごす (すごす)' (to spend time), emphasizing the unintended extension of sleep.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6859

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Early sleep

Reading

Kanji

寝Lie down, Go to sleep 早Early, Fast

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '早寝 (はやね)' literally means 'early sleep' or 'going to bed early'. It is used to describe the act of going to sleep earlier than usual. This word is often associated with a healthy lifestyle or a disciplined routine. For example: I should go to bed early tonight「今夜は早寝しなければ」(こんやははやねしなければ). Going to bed early is good for your health「早寝は健康に良い」(はやねはけんこうにいい). The word can also be used in phrases like '早寝早起き (はやねはやおき)', which means 'early to bed and early to rise', emphasizing a healthy daily routine.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6860

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lay

Reading

Kanji

寝Lie down, Go to sleep

Explanation

The Japanese verb '寝かせる (ねかせる)' means 'to lay something/someone down' or 'to put something/someone to sleep'. It is often used when referring to putting a child to bed or laying an object down carefully. For example: I laid the baby down to sleep「赤ちゃんを寝かせた」(あかちゃんをねかせた). She laid the book on the table「彼女は本をテーブルに寝かせた」(かのじょはほんをテーブルにねかせた). This verb can also be used metaphorically, such as letting an idea or plan 'rest' or 'sit' for a while before acting on it.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6862

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lie

Reading

Kanji

転Revolve 寝Lie down, Go to sleep

Explanation

The Japanese verb '寝転ぶ (ねころぶ)' means 'to lie down' or 'to recline'. It specifically refers to the action of lying down in a relaxed or casual manner, often on a flat surface like the floor or a bed. This verb is commonly used in informal contexts to describe someone lying down comfortably. For example: I like to lie down on the grass「私は芝生に寝転ぶのが好きです」(わたしはしばふにねころぶのがすきです). He lay down on the sofa and fell asleep「彼はソファに寝転んで寝てしまった」(かれはソファにねころんでねてしまった). Note that this verb implies a sense of ease or relaxation, unlike more formal or specific terms for lying down.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6863

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Heal, Fix

Reading

Kanji

直Straight, Repair

Explanation

The Japanese verb '直る (なおる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to be fixed' or 'to get repaired', referring to objects or situations. For example: The broken clock is fixed「壊れた時計が直った」(こわれたとけいがなおった). The second meaning is 'to heal' or 'to recover', referring to health or emotional states. For example: My cold has healed「風邪が直った」(かぜがなおった). The verb is intransitive, meaning it does not take a direct object. It is often used to describe something returning to its proper or original state.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6871

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Calm

Reading

Kanji

静Quiet 冷Cold

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '冷静 (れいせい)' means 'calm' or 'composed'. It is used to describe a state of being emotionally stable, rational, and unflustered, especially in stressful or difficult situations. This word is often used to describe a person's demeanor or attitude. For example: He remained calm during the crisis「彼は危機の中で冷静だった」(かれはききのなかでれいせいだった). It's important to stay calm in emergencies「緊急時には冷静でいることが大切だ」(きんきゅうじにはれいせいでいることがたいせつだ). The word can also be used to describe actions or decisions made with a clear and rational mind, such as '冷静な判断 (れいせいなはんだん)' (calm judgment).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6872

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Compatibility

Reading

Kanji

立Stand 両Both

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '両立 (りょうりつ)' refers to the state of two or more things being compatible or able to coexist without conflict. It is often used in contexts where balancing or maintaining multiple responsibilities, goals, or conditions is necessary. For example: balancing work and family is difficult「仕事と家庭の両立は難しい」(しごとかていのりょうりつはむずかしい). It is also used in academic or professional settings to describe the compatibility of theories or systems. For instance: the compatibility of these two theories is questionable「これらの二つの理論の両立は疑問だ」(これらのふたつのりろんのりょうりつはぎもんだ).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6873

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Both sides

Reading

Kanji

面Face, Surface 両Both

Explanation

The Japanese noun '両面 (りょうめん)' means 'both sides'. It refers to the two sides or aspects of something, whether physical or abstract. For example: This paper has print on both sides「この紙は両面に印刷がある」(このかみはりょうめんにいんさつがある). The issue has both positive and negative sides「その問題は両面がある」(そのもんだいはりょうめんがある). The term is often used in contexts where considering multiple perspectives or aspects is important, such as in discussions, debates, or when describing objects with two distinct sides.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6875

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Selection

Reading

Kanji

選Choose

Explanation

The Japanese noun '選 (せん)' means 'selection' or 'choice'. It is often used in contexts where something is chosen or picked out from a group or set of options. This word can be part of compound words or used independently. For example: the selection of the winner「勝者の選」(しょうしゃのせん). The selection process is strict「選のプロセスは厳しい」(せんのぷろせすはきびしい). Note that '選' is often combined with other kanji to form words like '選挙 (せんきょ)' (election) or '選択 (せんたく)' (choice).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6881

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Continuation

Reading

Kanji

続Continue

Explanation

The Japanese noun '続き (つづき)' means 'continuation'. It refers to the part of something that follows after a pause or interruption, such as the next part of a story, event, or process. This word is often used in contexts like books, movies, or ongoing situations. For example: Please read the continuation of the story「続きを読んでください」(つづきをよんでください). The continuation of the meeting will be tomorrow「会議の続きは明日です」(かいぎのつづきはあしたです). It can also imply a sequence or progression, such as in '続きがある (つづきがある)', meaning 'there is more to come' or 'to be continued'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6882

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Actor

Reading

Kanji

太Thick, Fat 夫Man, Husband

Explanation

The Japanese noun '太夫 (たゆう)' refers to a leading actor in traditional Japanese theater, particularly in Noh or Kabuki. This term is often used to denote a highly skilled and respected performer who takes on principal roles. For example: The actor performed brilliantly「太夫の演技は素晴らしかった」(たゆうのえんぎはすばらしかった). In Kabuki, the leading actor is called '太夫'「歌舞伎では主役を太夫と呼ぶ」(かぶきではしゅやくをたゆうとよぶ). The term carries a sense of prestige and expertise in the performing arts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6895

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Transform

Reading

Kanji

化Change

Explanation

The Japanese verb '化する (かする)' means 'to transform' or 'to change into'. It is often used to describe a process where something undergoes a significant change in form, nature, or state. This verb is commonly used in both literal and metaphorical contexts. For example: The caterpillar transformed into a butterfly「毛虫が蝶に化した」(けむしがちょうにかした). The situation has turned into a crisis「状況が危機に化した」(じょうきょうがききにかした). Note that '化する' is often used in formal or written contexts and can be combined with nouns to form compound verbs, such as '変化する (へんかする)' (to change) or '悪化する (あっかする)' (to worsen).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6900

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Step, Level

Reading

Kanji

段Step, Stairs 一One

Explanation

The Japanese noun '一段 (いちだん)' can mean 'step' or 'level'. When referring to 'step', it often describes a physical step or stage in a process. For example: climb one step「一段登る」(いちだんのぼる). When referring to 'level', it can indicate a degree or rank, such as in skill or quality. For example: reach a higher level「一段高いレベルに達する」(いちだんたかいレベルにたっする). The word is versatile and can be used in both literal and figurative contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6904

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wrist

Reading

Kanji

首Neck 手Hand

Explanation

The Japanese noun '手首 (てくび)' refers to the 'wrist', the joint connecting the hand to the forearm. It is commonly used in everyday conversations and medical contexts. For example: My wrist hurts「手首が痛い」(てくびがいたい). She wore a bracelet on her wrist「彼女は手首にブレスレットをしていた」(かのじょはてくびにぶれすれっとをしていた). The word is straightforward and does not carry additional meanings or nuances beyond its literal definition.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6908

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Break

Reading

Kanji

割Divide, Split

Explanation

The Japanese verb '割れる (われる)' means 'to break' or 'to split'. It is often used to describe something breaking into pieces, such as glass or a relationship. This verb can also imply a division or separation, either physically or metaphorically. For example: The glass broke「ガラスが割れた」(ガラスがわれた). Their relationship broke apart「彼らの関係が割れた」(かれらのかんけいがわれた). Note that '割れる' is an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object. The transitive counterpart is '割る (わる)', which means 'to break something'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6911

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Add

Reading

Kanji

足Foot, Sufficient 付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese verb '付け足す (つけたす)' means 'to add' or 'to append'. It is used when something is added to an existing thing, often to supplement or complete it. This verb implies that the addition is not the main part but rather an extra or supplementary part. For example: I added a few lines to the report「レポートに数行付け足した」(レポートにすうぎょうつけたした). She added some notes to the document「彼女はその書類にメモを付け足した」(かのじょはそのしょるいにメモをつけたした). The verb can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as adding details or information to a story or explanation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6913

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Date

Reading

Kanji

付Attach 日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '日付け (ひづけ)' refers to the 'date' in terms of the day, month, and year. It is commonly used in formal and informal contexts to indicate the specific day an event occurs or a document is written. For example: What is the date today?「今日の日付けは何ですか？」(きょうのひづけはなんですか？). Please write the date here「ここに日付けを書いてください」(ここにひづけをかいてください). This word is essential for scheduling, record-keeping, and everyday conversations about time.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6915

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Climate

Reading

Kanji

気Spirit 候Climate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '気候 (きこう)' refers to the 'climate' of a region, encompassing long-term weather patterns, temperature, humidity, and other atmospheric conditions. It is commonly used in discussions about geography, environmental science, or everyday conversations about the weather. For example: The climate of Japan is temperate「日本の気候は温和です」(にほんのきこうはおんわです). The climate in this region is harsh「この地域の気候は厳しいです」(このちいきのきこうはきびしいです). Note that '気候' is distinct from '天気 (てんき)', which refers to short-term weather conditions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6922

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Suffering

Reading

Kanji

苦Suffer

Explanation

The Japanese noun '苦 (く)' refers to 'suffering' or 'hardship'. It is often used in contexts related to physical or emotional pain, difficulties, or challenges. This word is commonly found in Buddhist teachings, where it is one of the fundamental concepts, but it is also used in everyday language to describe personal struggles. For example: life is full of suffering「人生は苦に満ちている」(じんせいはくにみちている). He endured great hardship「彼は大きな苦を耐えた」(かれはおおきなくをたえた). The word can also appear in compounds, such as '苦痛 (くつう)' (pain) or '苦労 (くろう)' (hardship).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6923

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Headache

Reading

Kanji

頭Head 痛Pain

Explanation

The Japanese noun '頭痛 (ずつう)' means 'headache'. It refers to a pain in the head, often caused by stress, illness, or other factors. This word is commonly used in both medical and everyday contexts. For example: I have a headache「頭痛がする」(ずつうがする). She often gets headaches「彼女はよく頭痛がする」(かのじょはよくずつうがする). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe a troublesome or annoying situation, such as 'this problem is a headache'「この問題は頭痛の種だ」(このもんだいはずつうのたねだ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6926

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Flow, Fluidity

Reading

Kanji

流Flow 動Move

Explanation

The Japanese noun '流動 (りゅうどう)' primarily refers to the concept of 'flow' or 'fluidity'. It is often used in contexts describing the movement of liquids, gases, or even abstract concepts like information or populations. For example: the flow of water「水の流動」(みずのりゅうどう). The fluidity of the situation「状況の流動」(じょうきょうのりゅうどう). This term can also be used metaphorically to describe changes or shifts in circumstances, such as in social or economic contexts. For instance: the fluidity of the job market「就職市場の流動」(しゅうしょくしじょうのりゅうどう).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6929

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Example

Reading

Kanji

用Use 例Example

Explanation

The Japanese noun '用例 (ようれい)' means 'example' or 'usage example'. It is commonly used in contexts such as language learning, dictionaries, or technical documentation to illustrate how a word or phrase is used in practice. For example: This dictionary provides many usage examples「この辞書は多くの用例を提供する」(このじしょはおおくのようれいをていきょうする). The teacher explained the grammar with clear examples「先生は明確な用例で文法を説明した」(せんせいはめいかくなようれいでぶんぽうをせつめいした). The term is often associated with practical demonstrations of language or concepts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6942

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Water surface

Reading

Kanji

面Face, Surface 水Water

Explanation

The Japanese noun '水面 (すいめん)' refers to the surface of water, such as that of a lake, river, or ocean. It is often used in contexts related to nature, scenery, or reflections. For example: The moonlight reflected on the water's surface「月の光が水面に反射した」(つきのひかりがすいめんにはんしゃした). The calm surface of the lake「湖の静かな水面」(みずうみのしずかなすいめん). This word is commonly used in poetic or descriptive writing to evoke imagery of water.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6947

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cancellation

Reading

Kanji

取Take 消Extinguish

Explanation

The Japanese noun '取り消し (とりけし)' means 'cancellation'. It refers to the act of revoking, nullifying, or canceling something, such as an order, agreement, or reservation. This word is commonly used in formal and informal contexts. For example: The cancellation of the flight was unavoidable「フライトの取り消しは避けられなかった」(フライトのとりけしはさけられなかった). I requested the cancellation of my subscription「私は定期購読の取り消しを依頼した」(わたしはていきこうどくのとりけしをいらいした). Note that '取り消し' is often used in legal, administrative, or business settings to indicate the annulment of a decision or contract.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6949

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Compare

Reading

Kanji

例Example

Explanation

The Japanese verb '例える (たとえる)' means 'to compare' or 'to liken'. It is used when drawing a comparison between two things, often to explain or illustrate a concept by using a familiar example. This verb is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: He compared her smile to the sun「彼は彼女の笑顔を太陽に例えた」(かれはかのじょのえがおをたいようにたとえた). It's hard to compare this feeling to anything「この気持ちを何かに例えるのは難しい」(このきもちをなにかにたとえるのはむずかしい). The verb can also be used in its passive form, as in '例えられる (たとえられる)', meaning 'to be compared'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6956

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Example

Reading

Kanji

例Example 題Topic

Explanation

The Japanese noun '例題 (れいだい)' means 'example' or 'example problem'. It is commonly used in educational contexts to refer to sample questions or problems that are provided to help students understand how to solve similar problems. For instance: Let's solve the example problem「例題を解きましょう」(れいだいをときましょう). This example is very useful「この例題はとても役に立ちます」(このれいだいはとてもやくにたちます). The term is often used in textbooks, classrooms, and study materials to illustrate concepts or methods.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6957

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Usual year

Reading

Kanji

例Example 年Year

Explanation

The Japanese noun '例年 (れいねん)' refers to a 'usual year' or 'normal year', indicating a typical or average year in terms of events, conditions, or patterns. It is often used to compare the current year with previous years, especially in contexts like weather, business performance, or seasonal events. For example: This year's sales are higher than usual「今年の売り上げは例年より高い」(ことしのうりあげはれいねんよりたかい). The cherry blossoms bloomed earlier than usual this year「今年の桜は例年より早く咲いた」(ことしのさくらはれいねんよりはやくさいた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6958

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Use

Reading

Kanji

用Use 途Way, Route

Explanation

The Japanese noun '用途 (ようと)' refers to the purpose or intended use of something. It is commonly used to describe the function or application of an object, tool, or resource. For example: This machine has various uses「この機械は用途が広い」(このきかいはようとがひろい). The use of this material is limited「この材料の用途は限られている」(このざいりょうのようとはかぎられている). The word often appears in technical or practical contexts, emphasizing the specific function or role of an item.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6961

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Skill, Memory

Reading

Kanji

覚Remember, Awake

Explanation

The Japanese noun '覚え (おぼえ)' has two distinct meanings. The first is 'memory', referring to the ability to recall or retain information. For example: I have no memory of that event「その出来事の覚えがない」(そのできごとのおぼえがない). The second meaning is 'skill', referring to one's proficiency or ability in a particular area. For example: He has great skill in cooking「彼は料理の覚えがいい」(かれはりょうりのおぼえがいい). The context in which '覚え' is used will determine which meaning is intended. It is important to note that while '覚え' can mean 'memory', it is not used in the same way as '記憶 (きおく)', which is a more formal term for memory.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6967

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Property

Reading

Kanji

物Thing 件Matter, Affair

Explanation

The Japanese noun '物件 (ぶっけん)' refers to 'property' in the sense of real estate or a piece of real estate. It is commonly used when talking about buying, selling, or renting houses, apartments, or land. For example: I found a good property「良い物件を見つけた」(いいぶっけんをみつけた). This property is for sale「この物件は売り出し中です」(このぶっけんはうりだしちゅうです). The term is often used in real estate contexts and can refer to both residential and commercial properties.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6978

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Included

Reading

Kanji

込Put in, Crowded

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '込み (こみ)' is used to indicate that something is included or bundled together. It often implies that the item or service mentioned comes with additional features or components. For example: tax included「税込み」(ぜいこみ). This suffix is commonly used in contexts like pricing, services, or packages to clarify what is included. Another example: service charge included「サービス料込み」(サービスりょうこみ). It can also be used metaphorically, as in 'effort included'「努力込み」(どりょくこみ), implying that effort is part of the process.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6980

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Chaotic, Absurd

Reading

Kanji

目Eye 茶Tea 苦Suffer

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '目茶苦茶 (めちゃくちゃ)' is used to describe something that is extremely chaotic, disordered, or absurd. It can refer to physical states, situations, or even abstract concepts. For example: The room was in complete chaos「部屋は目茶苦茶だった」(へやはめちゃくちゃだった). His explanation was completely absurd「彼の説明は目茶苦茶だった」(かれのせつめいはめちゃくちゃだった). This word is often used in casual conversation and carries a strong emphasis on the extreme nature of the disorder or absurdity.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6981

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Worker

Reading

Kanji

労Labor 働Work 者Someone

Explanation

The Japanese noun '労働者 (ろうどうしゃ)' refers to a 'worker' or 'laborer'. It is a general term used to describe someone who performs physical or mental work, often in exchange for wages. This word is commonly used in contexts related to employment, labor rights, and workplace discussions. For example: The workers are on strike「労働者がストライキをしている」(ろうどうしゃがストライキをしている). Many workers commute by train「多くの労働者が電車で通勤する」(おおくのろうどうしゃがでんしゃでつうきんする). The term can apply to various types of workers, including factory workers, office workers, or manual laborers, and is neutral in tone.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6983

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Work

Reading

Kanji

労Labor 働Work

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '労働 (ろうどう)' refers to 'work' or 'labor', specifically in the context of physical or mental effort exerted to achieve a purpose, often in a professional or industrial setting. It is commonly used in discussions about employment, labor rights, or economic activities. For example: He works hard every day「彼は毎日労働する」(かれはまいにちろうどうする). Labor conditions are improving「労働条件が改善されている」(ろうどうじょうけんがいぜんされている). The word can also appear in compounds like '労働者 (ろうどうしゃ)' (worker) or '労働時間 (ろうどうじかん)' (working hours).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6984

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fatigue

Reading

Kanji

労Labor 疲Tire, Exhausted

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '疲労 (ひろう)' means 'fatigue'. It refers to a state of physical or mental exhaustion, often resulting from prolonged stress, overwork, or lack of rest. This term is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to describe tiredness or weariness. For example: I feel fatigue after working all day「一日中働いて疲労を感じる」(いちにちじゅうはたらいてひろうをかんじる). Prolonged fatigue can affect your health「長期間の疲労は健康に影響する」(ちょうきかんのひろうはけんこうにえいきょうする). The word can also be used in medical or technical contexts to describe material fatigue, such as in '金属疲労 (きんぞくひろう) (metal fatigue)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6985

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Labor, Effort

Reading

Kanji

労Labor 力Power

Explanation

The Japanese noun '労力 (ろうりょく)' refers to the physical or mental effort expended to accomplish a task. It can also denote the labor or manpower required for a specific job or project. This word is often used in contexts involving work, construction, or any activity that requires significant exertion. For example: This project requires a lot of effort「このプロジェクトは多くの労力を必要とする」(このプロジェクトはおおくのろうりょくをひつようとする). We saved labor by using machines「機械を使って労力を節約した」(きかいをつかってろうりょくをせつやくした). The word emphasizes the amount of work or energy invested in achieving something.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6986

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unhappy

Reading

Kanji

幸Happiness 不Not

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不幸せ (ふしあわせ)' means 'unhappy'. It describes a state of not being happy or content, often due to unfavorable circumstances or emotional distress. This word is commonly used to express a lack of happiness in a general sense, whether it pertains to life, relationships, or specific situations. For example: She looks unhappy「彼女は不幸せそうだ」(かのじょはふしあわせそうだ). His life seems unhappy「彼の人生は不幸せだ」(かれのじんせいはふしあわせだ). Note that '不幸せ' is often used in contexts where the lack of happiness is noticeable or significant, and it carries a slightly more emotional weight compared to its antonym '幸せ (しあわせ)' (happy).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6996

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lover, Mistress

Reading

Kanji

愛Love 人Person

Explanation

The Japanese noun '愛人 (あいじん)' refers to a person with whom one is romantically or sexually involved outside of marriage. It can mean 'lover' in a general sense, but it often carries the connotation of an extramarital affair, particularly when referring to a 'mistress'. The term is neutral in tone but can imply secrecy or taboo depending on the context. For example: he has a lover「彼には愛人がいる」(かれにはあいじんがいる). She is his mistress「彼女は彼の愛人だ」(かのじょはかれのあいじんだ). Note that this word is not typically used to describe a spouse or a partner in a committed, non-secretive relationship.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7003

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Absence

Reading

Kanji

在Be, Exist 不Not

Explanation

The Japanese noun '不在 (ふざい)' means 'absence'. It refers to the state of someone or something not being present in a particular place or situation. This word is often used in contexts where someone is not at home, work, or an event. For example: His absence was noticed「彼の不在が目立った」(かれのふざいがめだった). The absence of evidence is not evidence of absence「証拠の不在は不在の証拠ではない」(しょうこのふざいはふざいのしょうこではない). It can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as the absence of emotion or thought.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7010

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Suspicion

Reading

Kanji

疑Doubt, Suspect 容Contain, Looks

Explanation

The Japanese noun '容疑 (ようぎ)' refers to 'suspicion' or 'allegation' in the context of a crime or wrongdoing. It is commonly used in legal or investigative settings to describe the suspicion that someone has committed a crime. For example: He is under suspicion of theft「彼は窃盗の容疑をかけられている」(かれはせっとうのようぎをかけられている). The police are investigating the suspicion of fraud「警察は詐欺の容疑を調査している」(けいさつはさぎのようぎをちょうさしている). The word is often paired with verbs like 'かける' (to place) or '受ける' (to receive) to indicate the act of being suspected or suspecting someone.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7011

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

See through

Reading

Kanji

見See 抜Pluck, Extract

Explanation

The Japanese verb '見抜く (みぬく)' means 'to see through' or 'to perceive the true nature of something'. It is often used to describe the ability to discern someone's true intentions, motives, or the reality of a situation that is not immediately obvious. For example: He saw through my lie「彼は私の嘘を見抜いた」(かれはわたしのうそをみぬいた). She can see through people's intentions「彼女は人の意図を見抜くことができる」(かのじょはひとのいとをみぬくことができる). This verb is commonly used in contexts where insight or perceptiveness is required to understand something hidden or not easily noticeable.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7013

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fruit

Reading

Kanji

果Fruit 物Thing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '果物 (くだもの)' means 'fruit'. It refers to the edible, sweet, and fleshy product of a tree or other plant that contains seeds. This term is commonly used in everyday conversation when talking about fruits in general, such as in a grocery store or when discussing a healthy diet. For example: I bought some fruit at the market「市場で果物を買いました」(いちばでくだものをかいました). Fruits are rich in vitamins「果物はビタミンが豊富です」(くだものはビタミンがほうふです). It is important to note that '果物' typically refers to fresh fruits, as opposed to dried or processed fruits.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7024

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Close, Shut

Reading

Kanji

閉Close, Shut

Explanation

The Japanese verb '閉ざす (とざす)' means 'to close' or 'to shut'. It is often used to describe closing something firmly or tightly, such as a door, window, or entrance. It can also be used metaphorically to describe closing off emotions, opportunities, or communication. For example: He closed the door firmly「彼はドアを閉ざした」(かれはドアをとざした). Her heart was closed to love「彼女の心は愛に閉ざされていた」(かのじょのこころはあいにとざされていた). The storm closed the roads「嵐が道路を閉ざした」(あらしがどうろをとざした). Note that '閉ざす' often implies a more permanent or deliberate action compared to other words like '閉める (しめる)', which is more general.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7028

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Overriding

Reading

Kanji

越Go across, Go beyond 乗Ride

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '乗り越し (のりこし)' refers to the act of traveling beyond one's intended station or stop, often used in the context of public transportation. It can also imply surpassing or overcoming something in a broader sense. For example: I accidentally rode past my station「うっかり乗り越してしまった」(うっかりのりこしてしまった). He overcame many difficulties「彼は多くの困難を乗り越した」(かれはおおくのこんなんをのりこした). This term is commonly encountered in situations involving train or bus travel, where passengers might go further than their planned destination.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7030

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Overcome, Overshoot

Reading

Kanji

越Go across, Go beyond 乗Ride

Explanation

The Japanese verb '乗り越す (のりこす)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to overshoot', which refers to going past a destination or intended stopping point, often used in the context of transportation. For example: I overshot my station「駅を乗り越した」(えきをのりこした). The second meaning is 'to overcome', which refers to surpassing or getting through a difficult situation or challenge. For example: She overcame her fears「彼女は恐怖を乗り越えた」(かのじょはきょうふをのりこえた). The verb is commonly used in both literal and figurative contexts, making it versatile in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7031

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Status

Reading

Kanji

格Status

Explanation

The Japanese noun '格 (かく)' primarily refers to 'status' or 'rank'. It is often used to describe the position or standing of someone or something within a hierarchy or system. For example: his social status is high「彼の社会的な格は高い」(かれのしゃかいてきなかくはたかい). This word can also be used in contexts like grammar, where it refers to 'case' (e.g., nominative case, accusative case). For example: the nominative case in grammar「文法の主格」(ぶんぽうのしゅかく). However, the primary and most common usage is related to social or hierarchical status.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7037

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Innermost

Reading

Kanji

心Heart 内Inside

Explanation

The Japanese noun '内心 (ないしん)' refers to one's innermost thoughts, feelings, or true intentions that are not openly expressed. It is often used to describe what someone is truly thinking or feeling beneath their outward appearance or behavior. For example: He smiled, but his innermost feelings were different「彼は笑ったが、内心は違った」(かれはわらったが、ないしんはちがった). She was nervous, but her innermost thoughts were calm「彼女は緊張していたが、内心は落ち着いていた」(かのじょはきんちょうしていたが、ないしんはおちついていた). This word is commonly used in contexts where there is a contrast between outward appearance and inner reality.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7040

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Transmission

Reading

Kanji

発Departure 信Trust

Explanation

The Japanese noun '発信 (はっしん)' primarily means 'transmission' or 'sending out'. It is commonly used in contexts related to communication, broadcasting, or technology, where information, signals, or messages are sent out. For example: The radio station began transmission「ラジオ局が発信を始めた」(ラジオきょくがはっしんをはじめた). He sent out an important message「彼は重要なメッセージを発信した」(かれはじゅうようなメッセージをはっしんした). The word can also metaphorically refer to expressing or sharing ideas, such as in '発信力 (はっしんりょく)', which means the ability to communicate effectively.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7041

Composition

kanji

Handwriting