Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Kanji JLPT Level

word

Meaning

First

Reading

Kanji

初Beginning, First

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '初めて (はじめて)' means 'for the first time'. It is used to indicate that something is happening or being experienced for the very first time. This word is often used to express a sense of novelty or newness. For example: I went to Japan for the first time「初めて日本に行きました」(はじめてにほんにいきました). This is the first time I've eaten sushi「初めて寿司を食べました」(はじめてすしをたべました). It can also be used to describe the first occurrence of an event or action. Note that '初めて' is often used with verbs in the past tense to indicate that the action was done for the first time.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

392

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Deep

Reading

Kanji

深Deep

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '深い (ふかい)' means 'deep'. It is used to describe physical depth, such as a deep hole or ocean, as well as abstract concepts like deep emotions, thoughts, or relationships. For example: The ocean is deep「海は深い」(うみはふかい). His thoughts are deep「彼の考えは深い」(かれのかんがえはふかい). It can also describe intensity, such as deep sleep or deep colors. For example: She is in a deep sleep「彼女は深い眠りについている」(かのじょはふかいねむりについている). The nuance of '深い' often implies something profound or significant beyond surface-level understanding.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

398

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Important

Reading

Kanji

重Heavy 要Important, Need

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '重要 (じゅうよう)' means 'important'. It is used to describe something that holds significant value, necessity, or priority. This word is often used in formal contexts, such as business, education, or official documents. For example: This document is important「この書類は重要です」(このしょるいはじゅうようです). It is important to study「勉強することが重要です」(べんきょうすることがじゅうようです). The word can also be used to emphasize the critical nature of a task or decision, as in '重要な決定 (じゅうようなけってい) (important decision)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

399

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Culture

Reading

Kanji

文Sentence 化Change

Explanation

The Japanese noun '文化 (ぶんか)' means 'culture'. It refers to the customs, arts, social institutions, and achievements of a particular nation, people, or other social group. This term is often used in discussions about traditions, societal norms, and the arts. For example: Japanese culture is fascinating「日本の文化は魅力的です」(にほんのぶんかはみりょくてきです). We should respect other cultures「他の文化を尊重すべきです」(ほかのぶんかをそんちょうすべきです). The word can also be used in compound nouns, such as '文化交流 (ぶんかこうりゅう)' meaning 'cultural exchange'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

402

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Easy

Reading

Kanji

易Easy

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '易い (やすい)' is attached to the stem of verbs to indicate that something is easy to do. It conveys the idea that the action described by the verb is simple or effortless. For example: This book is easy to read「この本は読み易い」(このほんはよみやすい). This problem is easy to solve「この問題は解き易い」(このもんだいはときやすい). Note that '易い' is often written in hiragana as 'やすい' when used as a suffix. It is important to distinguish this from the adjective '安い (やすい)', which means 'cheap'.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

404

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Machine

Reading

Kanji

機Machine, Opportunity

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '機 (き)' is used to denote a machine or device. It is commonly attached to nouns to specify a type of machine or tool. For example: washing machine「洗濯機」(せんたくき), airplane「飛行機」(ひこうき), and computer「計算機」(けいさんき). This suffix is versatile and can be used in various contexts to refer to mechanical or electronic devices. It is important to note that '機' can also appear in compound words where it might not be immediately recognizable as a suffix, but still carries the meaning related to machinery or devices.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

405

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

System

Reading

Kanji

制System, Control 度Degrees, Times

Explanation

The Japanese noun '制度 (せいど)' refers to a 'system' or 'institution'. It is used to describe established systems, rules, or frameworks that govern a particular area, such as social, legal, or organizational systems. For example: the education system「教育制度」(きょういくせいど). The company introduced a new system「会社は新しい制度を導入した」(かいしゃはあたらしいせいどをどうにゅうした). This word is often used in formal or administrative contexts to describe structured and organized systems.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

408

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Admit, Acknowledge

Reading

Kanji

認Recognize, Admit

Explanation

The Japanese verb '認める (みとめる)' primarily means 'to acknowledge' or 'to admit'. It is used when recognizing or accepting the existence, truth, or validity of something. This verb can be applied in various contexts, such as acknowledging a fact, admitting a mistake, or recognizing someone's achievements. For example: He acknowledged his mistake「彼は自分の間違いを認めた」(かれはじぶんのまちがいをみとめた). The company admitted the problem「会社は問題を認めた」(かいしゃはもんだいをみとめた). It's important to note that '認める' can also imply a formal or official recognition, such as in legal or professional settings.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

411

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Recently

Reading

Kanji

最Most 近Near

Explanation

The Japanese noun '最近 (さいきん)' means 'recently' or 'lately'. It is used to refer to events, situations, or actions that have occurred in the near past. This word is commonly used in both casual and formal contexts. For example: I recently moved to Tokyo「最近東京に引っ越しました」(さいきんとうきょうにひっこしました). Have you seen her recently?「最近彼女を見ましたか？」(さいきんかのじょをみましたか？). It can also be used to describe trends or changes that have happened recently, such as '最近の技術 (さいきんのぎじゅつ)' meaning 'recent technology'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

414

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Degree

Reading

Kanji

程Order, Extent 度Degrees, Times

Explanation

The Japanese noun '程度 (ていど)' refers to the extent, degree, or level of something. It is often used to describe the magnitude, intensity, or scope of a situation, condition, or action. For example: to what degree is it damaged?「どの程度壊れていますか？」(どのていどこわれていますか？). The degree of difficulty is high「難易度の程度は高い」(なんいどのていどはたかい). This word is versatile and can be applied to various contexts, such as measuring the severity of an issue, the intensity of an emotion, or the scope of an event. It is commonly used in both formal and informal settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

415

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Continue

Reading

Kanji

続Continue

Explanation

The Japanese verb '続く (つづく)' means 'to continue' or 'to last'. It is used to describe an ongoing action, state, or sequence without interruption. This verb can be applied to various contexts, such as events, time, or physical phenomena. For example: The rain continued for three days「雨が三日間続いた」(あめがみっかかんつづいた). The road continues straight ahead「道はまっすぐ続いている」(みちはまっすぐつづいている). Additionally, '続く' can imply a connection or sequence, as in 'The story continues in the next chapter'「物語は次の章に続く」(ものがたりはつぎのしょうにつづく). It is a versatile verb often used in both formal and informal settings.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

420

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

No

Reading

Kanji

否Negate

Explanation

The Japanese interjection '否 (いや)' is a direct and somewhat informal way to say 'no'. It is often used in casual conversations to express disagreement, refusal, or to negate a statement. It can also convey a sense of hesitation or contradiction. For example: No, that's not true「いや、それは違う」(いや、それはちがう). No, I don't think so「いや、そうは思わない」(いや、そうはおもわない). In some contexts, it can also be used to express surprise or disbelief, such as 'No way!'「いや、まさか！」(いや、まさか！). This interjection is more commonly used in spoken language rather than formal writing.

Part Of Speech

interjection

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

431

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Example

Reading

Kanji

例Example

Explanation

The Japanese noun '例 (れい)' means 'example'. It is commonly used to refer to a specific instance or case that illustrates a general rule or pattern. This word is often used in both formal and informal contexts, such as in explanations, instructions, or discussions. For example: Here is an example「ここに例があります」(ここにれいがあります). Please follow this example「この例に従ってください」(このれいにしたがってください). The word can also be used in compound words like '例文 (れいぶん)' (example sentence) or '例外 (れいがい)' (exception).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

433

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Head, Face

Reading

Kanji

向Facing, Yonder

Explanation

The Japanese verb '向かう (むかう)' can mean 'to head (toward)' or 'to face (a direction or situation)'. It is used to indicate movement toward a destination or confronting a situation. For example: he is heading toward the station「彼は駅に向かっている」(かれはえきにむかっている). We must face the challenges「私たちは課題に向かわなければならない」(わたしたちはかだいにむかわなければならない). The verb can also imply a sense of purpose or determination in the direction one is moving or facing.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

437

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Most

Reading

Kanji

最Most

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '最も (もっとも)' means 'most' and is used to indicate the highest degree or extreme level of something. It is often used in comparisons or to emphasize a superlative quality. For example: This is the most important thing「これが最も重要なことです」(これがもっともじゅうようなことです). He is the most talented person in the group「彼はグループの中で最も才能のある人です」(かれはグループのなかでもっともさいのうのあるひとです). The adverb can also be used in more abstract contexts, such as '最も良い方法 (もっともよいほうほう) (the best method)'. Note that '最も' is formal and is often used in written or formal spoken Japanese.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

441

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

You

Reading

Kanji

御Honorable, General honorific term 前Before, Front

Explanation

The Japanese pronoun '御前 (おまえ)' is a second-person pronoun meaning 'you'. Historically, it was a term of respect, but in modern usage, it is often considered informal, blunt, or even rude depending on the context. It is typically used among close friends, family members, or in situations where the speaker wants to assert dominance or familiarity. For example: You are annoying「御前はうるさい」(おまえはうるさい). What are you doing?「御前は何をしている？」(おまえはなにをしている？). Be cautious when using this term, as it can come across as disrespectful if used inappropriately.

Part Of Speech

pronoun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

446

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Feeling

Reading

Kanji

感Feeling, Sensation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '感 (かん)' refers to a 'feeling' or 'sense'. It is often used to describe an emotional or physical sensation, or a perception of something. This word is commonly used in compound words to express specific types of feelings or senses, such as '安心感 (あんしんかん)' (a sense of security) or '違和感 (いわかん)' (a sense of discomfort). For example: I have a strange feeling「変な感がある」(へんなかんがある). She has a strong sense of responsibility「彼女は責任感が強い」(かのじょはせきにんかんがつよい). Note that '感' is often used in abstract or emotional contexts, and it can be paired with other kanji to create nuanced meanings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

447

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hit, Win

Reading

Kanji

当Hit, Appropriate

Explanation

The Japanese verb '当たる (あたる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to hit' or 'to strike', often used in the context of something physically hitting or coming into contact with something else. For example: The ball hit the wall「ボールが壁に当たった」(ボールがかべにあたった). The second meaning is 'to win', typically used in the context of winning a prize or lottery. For example: I won the lottery「宝くじに当たった」(たからくじにあたった). The verb can also be used metaphorically, such as when guessing correctly or being right about something. For instance: My guess was right「私の予想が当たった」(わたしのよそうがあたった). The context in which '当たる' is used will determine its specific meaning, so it's important to pay attention to the surrounding words and phrases.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

456

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

End

Reading

Kanji

最Most 後After, Behind

Explanation

The Japanese noun '最後 (さいご)' means 'end' or 'last'. It refers to the final part of something, such as the conclusion of an event, the last moment of a situation, or the ultimate outcome. It can also imply a sense of finality or irreversibility. For example: This is the end of the movie「これは映画の最後です」(これはえいがのさいごです). He stayed until the very end「彼は最後まで残った」(かれはさいごまでのこった). The word can also be used to emphasize the finality of an action, as in '最後のチャンス (さいごのチャンス) (last chance)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

459

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Number, Edition

Reading

Kanji

号Number

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '号 (ごう)' is commonly used to denote a number or edition. It can be attached to numbers to indicate a specific issue, version, or model, such as in train numbers, magazine issues, or ship names. For example: This is the 3rd edition「これは3号です」(これはさんごうです). The train is number 12「その電車は12号です」(そのでんしゃはじゅうにごうです). It can also be used in names of ships or vehicles, like 'Yamato号 (やまとごう)', meaning 'Yamato ship'. The suffix is versatile and context-dependent, often indicating a specific instance within a series.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

461

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Feeling

Reading

Kanji

感Feeling, Sensation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '感じ (かんじ)' means 'feeling'. It refers to the sensation, impression, or atmosphere that something or someone gives off. It can describe both physical sensations and emotional impressions. For example: I have a good feeling about this「これにはいい感じがする」(これにはいいかんじがする). The atmosphere of this place is nice「この場所の感じがいい」(このばしょのかんじがいい). It can also be used to describe the texture or vibe of something, such as 'the feel of the fabric'「布の感じ」(ぬのかんじ). This word is versatile and often used in casual and formal contexts alike.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

467

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ride, Board

Reading

Kanji

乗Ride

Explanation

The Japanese verb '乗る (のる)' primarily means 'to ride' or 'to board'. It is used when getting on or into a vehicle, such as a train, bus, or bicycle. For example: I will ride the train「電車に乗る」(でんしゃにのる). She boarded the bus「彼女はバスに乗った」(かのじょはバスにのった). Additionally, it can be used metaphorically, such as 'to go along with' or 'to take advantage of', as in 'to ride the wave of success'. However, the most common usage is related to transportation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

469

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Remain

Reading

Kanji

残Remainder

Explanation

The Japanese verb '残る (のこる)' means 'to remain' or 'to be left over'. It is used to describe something that stays behind or continues to exist after other things have been removed, used, or have disappeared. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as physical objects, time, or abstract concepts. For example: There is still some food left「まだ食べ物が残っている」(まだたべものがのこっている). Only a few minutes remain「あと数分しか残っていない」(あとすうふんしかのこっていない). The memory of that day remains「あの日の記憶が残っている」(あのひのきおくがのこっている). It is important to note that '残る' often implies that something is left in a state that was not originally intended or expected.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

471

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fact

Reading

Kanji

事Thing 実Fruit, Truth

Explanation

The Japanese noun '事実 (じじつ)' means 'fact'. It refers to something that is true or has actually happened, often used in contexts where objective reality or truth is being discussed. For example: The fact is undeniable「事実は否定できない」(じじつはひていできない). He presented the facts clearly「彼は事実を明確に提示した」(かれはじじつをめいかくにていじした). This word is commonly used in formal or serious discussions, such as in news reports, legal contexts, or academic writing. It can also be used to contrast with opinions or assumptions, emphasizing the importance of truth and evidence.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

472

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Past

Reading

Kanji

昔Old times

Explanation

The Japanese noun '昔 (むかし)' refers to 'the past' or 'olden times'. It is used to describe a time long ago, often with a nostalgic or historical connotation. This word is commonly used in storytelling or when reminiscing about earlier days. For example: In the past, this town was very quiet「昔、この町はとても静かだった」(むかし、このまちはとてもしずかだった). Long ago, people used to travel by horse「昔、人々は馬で旅をした」(むかし、ひとびとはうまでたびをした). The word '昔' can also be used in expressions like '昔話 (むかしばなし)', which means 'old tale' or 'folktale'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

478

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

You

Reading

Kanji

君Ruler, You

Explanation

The Japanese pronoun '君 (きみ)' is an informal way to say 'you'. It is typically used by males and can carry a sense of familiarity or intimacy, often used among friends, peers, or when addressing someone of lower status. However, it can also sound condescending if used inappropriately, so caution is advised. Example sentences: You are kind「君は優しい」(きみはやさしい). I like you「君が好きだ」(きみがすきだ). Note that '君' is less formal than 'あなた' and is rarely used in polite or professional settings.

Part Of Speech

pronoun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

480

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Guest, Customer

Reading

Kanji

客Guest, Customer

Explanation

The Japanese noun '客 (きゃく)' can mean both 'guest' and 'customer', depending on the context. When referring to a 'guest', it is often used in social or hospitality settings, such as inviting someone to your home or a hotel guest. For example: The guest arrived「客が来た」(きゃくがきた). When referring to a 'customer', it is commonly used in business or retail contexts, such as a store or restaurant. For example: The customer is waiting「客が待っている」(きゃくがまっている). The word can also imply a sense of respect or formality, as in treating someone as an honored guest or valued customer.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

489

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Citizen

Reading

Kanji

国Country 民People, Nation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '国民 (こくみん)' refers to the people of a nation or citizens of a country. It is often used in a collective sense to describe the population of a nation as a whole. For example: The citizens of Japan are hardworking「日本の国民は勤勉です」(にほんのこくみんはきんべんです). The government cares for its citizens「政府は国民のことを気にかけています」(せいふはこくみんのことをきにかけています). This term is commonly used in political, social, and economic contexts to refer to the general populace of a country.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

492

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Spirit, Mind

Reading

Kanji

精Spirit, Refine 神God

Explanation

The Japanese noun '精神 (せいしん)' primarily refers to 'spirit' or 'mind'. It encompasses mental and emotional states, as well as the essence of one's being. It is often used in contexts related to psychology, philosophy, or personal resilience. For example: He has a strong spirit「彼は強い精神を持っている」(かれはつよいせいしんをもっている). Mental health is important「精神の健康は大切です」(せいしんのけんこうはたいせつです). The word can also refer to the collective mindset or ethos of a group, such as in 'team spirit' or 'national spirit'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

493

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Daughter

Reading

Kanji

娘Daughter, Girl

Explanation

The Japanese noun '娘 (むすめ)' means 'daughter'. It refers to a female child in relation to her parents. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: my daughter is kind「私の娘は優しい」(わたしのむすめはやさしい). Her daughter is a student「彼女の娘は学生です」(かのじょのむすめはがくせいです). The term can also be used affectionately or to refer to a young girl in general, though it primarily means 'daughter'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

494

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Whole

Reading

Kanji

全Whole, All 体Body

Explanation

The Japanese noun '全体 (ぜんたい)' means 'whole' or 'entirety'. It refers to the complete or total extent of something, often used to describe the entirety of a group, object, or situation. For example: the whole picture「全体の絵」(ぜんたいのえ). The entire team is here「全体のチームがここにいる」(ぜんたいのチームがここにいる). This word is commonly used in contexts where the focus is on the entirety rather than individual parts. It can also imply a sense of unity or completeness, as in '全体の意見 (ぜんたいのいけん) (the whole opinion)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

495

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Be

Reading

Kanji

御Honorable, General honorific term 座Sit, Seat

Explanation

The Japanese verb '御座る (ござる)' is a humble or polite form of the verb 'to be'. It is often used in formal or respectful contexts, such as when speaking to someone of higher status or in ceremonial settings. This verb is a more polite version of 'ある (aru)' or 'いる (iru)', which also mean 'to be'. For example: The book is here「本が御座います」(ほんがございます). The teacher is present「先生が御座います」(せんせいがございます). It's important to note that 'ござる' is often conjugated to 'ございます' in modern usage to show even greater politeness.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

497

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Period

Reading

Kanji

期Time, Period

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '期 (き)' is used to denote a specific period, phase, or stage. It is often attached to nouns to indicate a time frame or a particular stage in a process. For example: the rainy season「梅雨期」(つゆき). The growth period「成長期」(せいちょうき). This suffix is commonly used in contexts related to seasons, development, or historical periods. It is important to note that '期' is not used alone but always as a suffix attached to another noun to specify the period or phase being referred to.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

501

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Always, Without fail

Reading

Kanji

必Inevitable, Certain

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '必ず (かならず)' conveys a sense of certainty or inevitability. It is used to express that something will definitely happen or is guaranteed to occur. This word is often used in promises, instructions, or when emphasizing the certainty of an outcome. For example: I will always help you「必ずあなたを助けます」(かならずあなたをたすけます). The train will arrive on time without fail「電車は必ず時間通りに来ます」(でんしゃはかならずじかんどおりにきます). Note that '必ず' is stronger than 'いつも (always)' and implies a guarantee rather than a general tendency.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

502

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Moreover

Reading

Kanji

然Sort of thing, In that case

Explanation

The Japanese conjunction '然も (しかも)' is used to add information that emphasizes or strengthens the previous statement, similar to 'moreover', 'furthermore', or 'what's more'. It often introduces an additional point that is surprising or unexpected in relation to the preceding context. For example: He is smart, and moreover, he is kind「彼は頭がいい、しかも優しい」(かれはあたまがいい、しかもやさしい). The food was delicious, and what's more, it was cheap「その料理は美味しかった、しかも安かった」(そのりょうりはおいしかった、しかもやすかった). This conjunction is commonly used in both written and spoken Japanese to build on a point or highlight something noteworthy.

Part Of Speech

conjunction

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

503

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

About

Reading

Kanji

約Promise, Approximately

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '約 (やく)' means 'about' or 'approximately'. It is commonly used to indicate an approximate quantity, time, or degree. This prefix is often attached to numbers or time expressions to convey that the value is not exact but close to it. For example: about 100 people「約100人」(やくひゃくにん). It will take about 2 hours「約2時間かかります」(やくにじかんかかります). Note that '約' is typically used in formal or written contexts, and in casual speech, alternatives like 'だいたい' or 'くらい' might be more common.

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

505

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Theory

Reading

Kanji

論Theory, Argument

Explanation

The Japanese noun '論 (ろん)' primarily means 'theory' or 'argument'. It refers to a systematic explanation or reasoning about a subject, often used in academic, philosophical, or logical contexts. It can also imply a discussion or debate about a topic. For example: His theory is interesting「彼の論は面白い」(かれのろんはおもしろい). We had a debate about politics「私たちは政治についての論をした」(わたしたちはせいじについてのろんをした). The word is often used in compound nouns, such as '理論 (りろん)' (theory) or '議論 (ぎろん)' (discussion/debate).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

507

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Work

Reading

Kanji

働Work

Explanation

The Japanese verb '働く (はたらく)' means 'to work'. It is commonly used to describe the act of performing a job or labor, whether in a professional, physical, or general sense. This verb is versatile and can be used in various contexts, such as working at a company, working hard, or even functioning (e.g., a machine). For example: I work at a company「私は会社で働く」(わたしはかいしゃではたらく). The machine works well「その機械はよく働く」(そのきかいよくはたらく). Note that '働く' is often used in formal and informal settings alike, making it a fundamental verb in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

513

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wife

Reading

Kanji

家House 内Inside

Explanation

The Japanese noun '家内 (かない)' is a polite and somewhat old-fashioned term used to refer to one's own wife. It is often used in formal or traditional contexts. The word literally translates to 'inside the house,' reflecting the historical context where women were primarily associated with domestic roles. However, its usage has declined in modern times, with '妻 (つま)' or '奥さん (おくさん)' being more common. Example sentences: My wife is kind「家内は優しいです」(かないはやさしいです). I will discuss this with my wife「家内と相談します」(かないとそうだんします).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

518

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Responsibility

Reading

Kanji

責Blame, Liability 任Duty, Responsibility

Explanation

The Japanese noun '責任 (せきにん)' means 'responsibility'. It refers to the state or fact of being accountable for something, often involving duties or obligations. This word is commonly used in both personal and professional contexts. For example: He took responsibility for the mistake「彼はそのミスの責任を取った」(かれはそのミスのせきにんをとった). It is your responsibility to finish the task「その仕事を終わらせるのはあなたの責任です」(そのしごとをおわらせるのはあなたのせきにんです). The word can also imply moral or legal accountability, as in 'criminal responsibility' (刑事責任, けいじせきにん).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

522

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Clear, Sunny

Reading

Kanji

晴Clear

Explanation

The Japanese noun '晴れ (はれ)' primarily refers to clear or sunny weather. It is used to describe a state of the sky when there are no clouds, and the sun is shining brightly. This word can also be used metaphorically to describe a person's mood or a situation that is bright and cheerful. For example: Today is clear「今日は晴れです」(きょうははれです). The weather forecast says it will be sunny tomorrow「天気予報では明日は晴れだそうです」(てんきよほうではあしたははれだそうです). It's important to note that '晴れ' is often used in weather forecasts and everyday conversations about the weather.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

529

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Involve

Reading

Kanji

関Barrier, Related

Explanation

The Japanese verb '関わる (かかわる)' means 'to be involved in' or 'to relate to'. It is used to describe a connection, involvement, or relevance to a particular matter, situation, or person. This verb often implies a significant or meaningful connection rather than a superficial one. For example: This decision involves everyone「この決定は全員に関わる」(このけっていはぜんいんにかかわる). His work is related to environmental issues「彼の仕事は環境問題に関わる」(かれのしごとはかんきょうもんだいにかかわる). The verb can also be used in negative contexts, such as 'I don't want to be involved in this matter'「この件には関わりたくない」(このけんにはかかわりたくない).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

533

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Forget

Reading

Kanji

忘Forget

Explanation

The Japanese verb '忘れる (わすれる)' means 'to forget'. It is used when someone fails to remember something, whether it be information, an event, or an object. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as forgetting a task, a person, or even one's own belongings. For example: I forgot my wallet「財布を忘れました」(さいふをわすれました). Don't forget to call me「電話するのを忘れないで」(でんわするのをわすれないで). The verb can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as forgetting a feeling or a past experience. It is important to note that '忘れる' is often used with the particle 'を' to indicate the object that is forgotten.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

534

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Year before last

Reading

Kanji

一One 昨Yesterday, Previous 年Year

Explanation

The Japanese noun '一昨年 (おととし)' refers to 'the year before last'. It is used to indicate the year that is two years prior to the current year. This term is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts when referring to events or occurrences that happened two years ago. For example: I visited Japan the year before last「一昨年、日本を訪れました」(おととし、にほんをおとずれました). The year before last was very cold「一昨年はとても寒かった」(おととしはとてもさむかった). It's important to note that '一昨年' is a specific term and should not be confused with '去年 (きょねん)', which means 'last year'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

536

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Day before yesterday

Reading

Kanji

一One 昨Yesterday, Previous 日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '一昨日 (おととい)' refers to 'the day before yesterday'. It is used to specify a day two days prior to the current day. This word is commonly used in daily conversations to refer to past events. For example: I met him the day before yesterday「一昨日彼に会った」(おとといかれにあった). The day before yesterday was rainy「一昨日は雨だった」(おとといはあめだった). Note that this word is a single noun and does not require additional particles when used in a sentence.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

537

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Product

Reading

Kanji

商Trade, Deal 品Product

Explanation

The Japanese noun '商品 (しょうひん)' refers to a 'product' or 'goods' that are manufactured or produced for sale. It is commonly used in contexts related to commerce, retail, and business. For example: This store sells high-quality products「この店は高品質の商品を売っています」(このみせはこうひんしつのしょうひんをうっています). The new product will be released next month「新しい商品は来月発売されます」(あたらしいしょうひんはらいげつはつばいされます). The term can also refer to items available for purchase in a store or online, emphasizing their commercial value.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

538

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

End

Reading

Kanji

済Finish, Settle

Explanation

The Japanese verb '済む (すむ)' primarily means 'to end' or 'to be finished'. It is used to indicate the completion of an action, task, or event. This verb can also imply that something has been resolved or taken care of, often with a sense of relief or finality. For example: The meeting ended「会議が済んだ」(かいぎがすんだ). I finished my homework「宿題が済んだ」(しゅくだいがすんだ). Additionally, '済む' can be used in expressions like '済まない (すまない)', which conveys a sense of apology or regret, meaning 'I'm sorry' or 'I owe you one'. For example: I'm sorry for the trouble「ご迷惑をおかけして済みません」(ごめいわくをおかけしてすみません).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

540

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Laugh

Reading

Kanji

笑Laugh

Explanation

The Japanese verb '笑う (わらう)' means 'to laugh'. It is used to describe the action of laughing, whether it's due to humor, joy, or even nervousness. This verb is commonly used in everyday conversation and can be conjugated to fit various tenses and forms. For example: he laughed「彼は笑った」(かれはわらった). She always laughs at my jokes「彼女はいつも私の冗談に笑う」(かのじょはいつもわたしのじょうだんにわらう). The verb can also be used in a figurative sense to describe something that is amusing or laughable, as in 'that idea is laughable'「その考えは笑える」(そのかんがえはわらえる).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

541

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Husband

Reading

Kanji

夫Man, Husband

Explanation

The Japanese noun '夫 (おっと)' means 'husband'. It is used to refer to a married man in relation to his spouse. This term is neutral and commonly used in everyday conversation. For example: my husband is kind「私の夫は優しい」(わたしのおっとはやさしい). Her husband works at a bank「彼女の夫は銀行で働いています」(かのじょのおっとはぎんこうではたらいています). Note that '夫' is more formal than other terms like '主人 (しゅじん)' or '旦那 (だんな)', which can also mean 'husband' but carry different nuances.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

542

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ceremony, Formula

Reading

Kanji

式Style, Ceremony

Explanation

The Japanese noun '式 (しき)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'ceremony', referring to formal events such as weddings, funerals, or other rituals. For example: The wedding ceremony was beautiful「結婚式は美しかった」(けっこんしきはうつくしかった). The second meaning is 'formula', often used in mathematical, scientific, or technical contexts. For example: This formula is difficult to understand「この式は理解しにくい」(このしきはりかいしにくい). The word '式' is versatile and its meaning depends heavily on the context in which it is used.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

544

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Change

Reading

Kanji

変Change, Abnormal

Explanation

The Japanese verb '変える (かえる)' means 'to change'. This verb is used to indicate the action of altering or transforming something. It can be applied to a wide range of contexts, such as changing plans, changing one's appearance, or changing the state of an object. For example: I will change my plans「予定を変えます」(よていをかえます). She changed her hairstyle「彼女は髪型を変えた」(かのじょはかみがたをかえた). It's important to note that '変える' is a transitive verb, meaning it requires a direct object to indicate what is being changed.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

545

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pull, Catch

Reading

Kanji

引Pull

Explanation

The Japanese verb '引く (ひく)' has multiple meanings depending on the context. The primary meaning is 'to pull,' which refers to the action of drawing something towards oneself or in a particular direction. For example: He pulled the door open「彼はドアを引いて開けた」(かれはドアをひいてあけた). Another common meaning is 'to catch' (as in catching a cold or illness). For example: I caught a cold「風邪を引いた」(かぜをひいた). The verb can also be used in various idiomatic expressions, such as 'to subtract' (引き算, ひきざん) or 'to consult a dictionary' (辞書を引く, じしょをひく). The specific meaning is often determined by the context in which the verb is used.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

549

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ship

Reading

Kanji

船Ship

Explanation

The Japanese noun '船 (ふね)' means 'ship' or 'boat'. It refers to a watercraft used for transportation on water, ranging from small boats to large ships. This word is commonly used in contexts involving travel, fishing, or maritime activities. For example: The ship is big「船は大きい」(ふねはおおきい). I boarded the ship「船に乗った」(ふねにのった). It can also be used metaphorically to describe something that carries or transports, such as a 'ship of dreams'「夢の船」(ゆめのふね).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

554

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Male

Reading

Kanji

男Man 性Gender, Sex

Explanation

The Japanese noun '男性 (だんせい)' means 'male'. It refers to the male gender and is commonly used to describe adult men. This term is neutral and can be used in formal and informal contexts. For example: He is a male teacher「彼は男性の先生です」(かれはだんせいのせんせいです). The male population is increasing「男性の人口が増えています」(だんせいのじんこうがふえています). It is often used in contrast to '女性 (じょせい)', which means 'female'. The word can also appear in compound nouns, such as '男性用 (だんせいよう)', meaning 'for men'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

556

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Advance, Progress

Reading

Kanji

進Advance

Explanation

The Japanese verb '進む (すすむ)' primarily means 'to advance' or 'to progress'. It is used to describe forward movement, whether physical, such as moving ahead in space, or metaphorical, such as making progress in a project or situation. For example: The car advanced slowly「車はゆっくり進んだ」(くるまはゆっくりすすんだ). The project is progressing well「プロジェクトは順調に進んでいる」(プロジェクトはじゅんちょうにすすんでいる). Additionally, '進む' can also imply moving forward in time or making a decision, as in: Time advances quickly「時間は早く進む」(じかんははやくすすむ). He decided to proceed with the plan「彼はその計画を進めることにした」(かれはそのけいかくをすすめることにした).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

558

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cross

Reading

Kanji

渡Cross, Transit

Explanation

The Japanese verb '渡る (わたる)' means 'to cross'. It is used when referring to physically crossing something, such as a street, river, or bridge. It can also be used metaphorically to describe crossing over into a different state or condition. For example: I crossed the street「道を渡った」(みちをわたった). The bird crossed the river「鳥は川を渡った」(とりはかわをわたった). In a metaphorical sense, it can be used as in 'to cross over to the other side'「向こう側に渡る」(むこうがわにわたる). The verb is often used with the particle 'を' to indicate the thing being crossed.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

559

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Choose

Reading

Kanji

選Choose

Explanation

The Japanese verb '選ぶ (えらぶ)' means 'to choose'. It is used when selecting or picking something from a set of options. This verb can be applied to various contexts, such as choosing items, people, or decisions. For example: I chose the red one「赤いのを選びました」(あかいのをえらびました). She chose her career path carefully「彼女はキャリアパスを慎重に選びました」(かのじょはキャリアパスをしんちょうにえらびました). The verb can also imply a thoughtful or deliberate selection process, often carrying a nuance of careful consideration.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

560

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Difficult, Serious

Reading

Kanji

大Big 変Change, Abnormal

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '大変 (たいへん)' can mean 'difficult' or 'serious', depending on the context. When used to describe a situation or task, it conveys that something is challenging or troublesome. For example: This work is difficult「この仕事は大変だ」(このしごとはたいへんだ). When used to describe a situation or event, it can mean 'serious' or 'grave'. For example: This is a serious problem「これは大変な問題だ」(これはたいへんなもんだいだ). Additionally, '大変' can also be used as an adverb to mean 'very' or 'greatly', but this usage is separate from its adjectival noun form. For example: I am very tired「私は大変疲れた」(わたしはたいへんつかれた).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

563

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wife

Reading

Kanji

妻Wife

Explanation

The Japanese noun '妻 (つま)' means 'wife'. It refers to a married woman in relation to her spouse. This term is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: my wife is kind「私の妻は優しい」(わたしのつまはやさしい). He introduced his wife「彼は妻を紹介した」(かれはつまをしょうかいした). The word '妻' is neutral and does not carry any particular nuance, making it suitable for various situations. It is important to note that '妻' specifically refers to a wife and not to a girlfriend or fiancée.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

572

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Appear

Reading

Kanji

現Appear, Current

Explanation

The Japanese verb '現われる (あらわれる)' means 'to appear' or 'to emerge'. It is used to describe something or someone becoming visible or coming into existence. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as physical appearance, the emergence of phenomena, or the manifestation of abstract concepts. For example: The sun appeared from behind the clouds「太陽が雲の後ろから現われた」(たいようがくものうしろからあらわれた). A new problem has emerged「新しい問題が現われた」(あたらしいもんだいがあらわれた). The verb is often used in situations where something becomes noticeable or comes into view after not being seen or known before.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

577

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Every night

Reading

Kanji

毎Every 晩Evening, Nightfall

Explanation

The Japanese noun '毎晩 (まいばん)' means 'every night'. It is used to indicate that something happens or is done each night without exception. This word is often used in daily conversations to describe routines or habitual actions. For example: I read a book every night「毎晩本を読みます」(まいばんほんをよみます). She calls me every night「彼女は毎晩電話をくれます」(かのじょはまいばんでんわをくれます). The word '毎晩' is a combination of '毎' (every) and '晩' (night), and it is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

581

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reality

Reading

Kanji

現Appear, Current 実Fruit, Truth

Explanation

The Japanese noun '現実 (げんじつ)' means 'reality'. It refers to the state of things as they actually exist, as opposed to an idealistic or notional idea of them. This word is often used in philosophical discussions, everyday conversations, and literature to contrast with concepts like dreams, illusions, or expectations. For example: He faced reality「彼は現実に直面した」(かれはげんじつにちょくめんした). The reality is harsh「現実は厳しい」(げんじつはきびしい). It's important to note that '現実' can be used in various contexts, from personal experiences to broader societal observations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

586

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

City

Reading

Kanji

都Metropolis 市City, Market

Explanation

The Japanese noun '都市 (とし)' refers to a 'city', typically a large and densely populated urban area. It is used to describe major urban centers, often in contrast to rural areas or smaller towns. The term carries a sense of modernity, infrastructure, and economic activity. Example sentences: Tokyo is a big city「東京は大きな都市です」(とうきょうはおおきなとしです). Many people move to cities for work「多くの人が仕事のために都市に引っ越します」(おおくのひとがしごとのためにとしにひっこします).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

587

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Face, Surface

Reading

Kanji

面Face, Surface

Explanation

The Japanese noun '面 (めん)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'face', referring to the front part of a person's head. For example: He has a kind face「彼は優しい面をしている」(かれはやさしいめんをしている). The second meaning is 'surface', referring to the outer or top layer of an object. For example: The surface of the water is calm「水面は穏やかだ」(すいめんはおだやかだ). This word can also be used in compound words to denote specific types of surfaces or faces, such as '水面 (すいめん)' (water surface) or '顔面 (がんめん)' (facial surface).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

590

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Difficult

Reading

Kanji

難Difficult

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '難い (がたい)' is used to express that something is difficult or hard to do. It is often attached to the stem of verbs to convey that the action is challenging or nearly impossible to achieve. This suffix carries a nuance of something being not just difficult, but also rare or unlikely. For example: it's hard to believe「信じがたい」(しんじがたい). It's difficult to refuse「断りがたい」(ことわりがたい). Note that '難い (がたい)' is typically used in written or formal contexts, and it is less common in casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

591

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Period

Reading

Kanji

時Time, Hour 期Time, Period

Explanation

The Japanese noun '時期 (じき)' refers to a specific period or time frame. It is often used to denote a particular season, era, or phase in time. This word can be applied in various contexts, such as historical periods, seasonal changes, or stages in a process. For example: the cherry blossom season is the best period to visit Japan「桜の時期は日本を訪れるのに最適な時期です」(さくらのじきはにほんをおとずれるのにさいてきなじきです). The period of economic growth was short「経済成長の時期は短かった」(けいざいせいちょうのじきはみじかかった). It's important to note that '時期' can also imply a sense of timing or appropriateness, as in 'the right time' or 'the right period' for something to occur.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

595

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Organization, Engine

Reading

Kanji

機Machine, Opportunity 関Barrier, Related

Explanation

The Japanese noun '機関 (きかん)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning refers to an 'organization' or 'institution', often used in the context of public or official bodies. For example: The research institute is a government organization「その研究所は政府の機関です」(そのけんきゅうじょはせいふのきかんです). The second meaning refers to an 'engine' or 'mechanism', typically used in the context of machinery or vehicles. For example: The train's engine is very powerful「その電車の機関はとても強力です」(そのでんしゃのきかんはとてもきょうりょくです). The context in which '機関' is used will determine whether it refers to an organization or an engine.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

596

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Table

Reading

Kanji

表Surface, Express

Explanation

The Japanese noun '表 (ひょう)' means 'table'. This word is used to refer to a structured arrangement of data, typically in rows and columns, often used for organizing information. It is commonly seen in contexts such as spreadsheets, charts, or schedules. For example: Please check the table「表を確認してください」(ひょうをかくにんしてください). The data is summarized in this table「データはこの表にまとめられています」(データはこのひょうにまとめられています). Note that '表' can also refer to a 'surface' or 'front' in other contexts, but this meaning is less common and unrelated to the primary meaning of 'table'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

597

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

That

Reading

Kanji

彼Third person pronoun, He

Explanation

The Japanese pronoun '彼れ (あれ)' means 'that' and is used to refer to something distant from both the speaker and the listener, either physically or psychologically. It is often used when the specific object or subject is known to both parties but is not immediately present. For example: That is a mountain「あれは山です」(あれはやまです). That over there is my house「あれが私の家です」(あれがわたしのいえです). It can also be used to refer to something that is not tangible, such as an idea or a situation. For example: That was a difficult time「あれは大変な時期でした」(あれはたいへんなじきでした).

Part Of Speech

pronoun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

598

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Light

Reading

Kanji

光Light

Explanation

The Japanese noun '光 (ひかり)' means 'light'. It refers to the natural or artificial illumination that makes things visible. This word is often used in both literal and metaphorical contexts, such as describing sunlight, the light from a lamp, or even hope and enlightenment. For example: the light of the sun is bright「太陽の光は明るい」(たいようのひかりはあかるい). She is the light of my life「彼女は私の人生の光だ」(かのじょはわたしのじんせいのひかりだ). The word can also appear in compound nouns, such as '月光 (げっこう)' (moonlight) or '光線 (こうせん)' (light rays).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

600

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tell

Reading

Kanji

伝Transmit

Explanation

The Japanese verb '伝える (つたえる)' means 'to tell' or 'to convey'. It is used to describe the act of communicating information, feelings, or messages from one person to another. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as sharing news, passing on traditions, or expressing emotions. For example: I will tell him the news「彼にそのニュースを伝えます」(かれにそのニュースをつたえます). She conveyed her feelings to him「彼女は彼に自分の気持ちを伝えた」(かのじょはかれにじぶんのきもちをつたえた). Note that '伝える' often implies a deliberate act of communication, and it can be used with both direct and indirect objects.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

602

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Role

Reading

Kanji

役Duty

Explanation

The Japanese noun '役 (やく)' primarily means 'role'. It is used to describe a part or function that someone or something has in a particular situation, such as in a play, job, or society. For example: He played the role of a villain「彼は悪役を演じた」(かれはあくやくをえんじた). This word can also refer to a duty or responsibility, as in: It's my role to take care of the children「子供の世話をするのは私の役です」(こどものせわをするのはわたしのやくです). Additionally, '役' can be used in compound words like '役割 (やくわり)' which also means 'role' or 'function'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

604

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Decide

Reading

Kanji

決Decide

Explanation

The Japanese verb '決める (きめる)' means 'to decide'. It is used when making a choice or settling on a particular course of action. This verb can be applied to a wide range of situations, from everyday decisions to more significant life choices. For example: I decided to go to Japan「日本に行くことを決めた」(にほんにいくことをきめた). She decided on the red dress「彼女は赤いドレスを決めた」(かのじょはあかいドレスをきめた). The verb can also be used in the sense of 'to determine' or 'to set', as in setting a date or determining a rule. It is a versatile verb that is commonly used in both casual and formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

607

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Head, Neck

Reading

Kanji

首Neck

Explanation

The Japanese noun '首 (くび)' primarily means 'neck', referring to the part of the body connecting the head to the rest of the body. It can also mean 'head' in certain contexts, such as when referring to the leader of an organization or group. For example: my neck hurts「首が痛い」(くびがいたい). The company's head resigned「会社の首が辞任した」(かいしゃのくびがじにんした). The word can also be used metaphorically, as in 'to save one's neck (to avoid trouble)'「首をすくめる」(くびをすくめる).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

608

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Awaken

Reading

Kanji

覚Remember, Awake

Explanation

The Japanese verb '覚ます (さます)' means 'to awaken' or 'to wake someone/something up'. It is often used in the context of bringing someone out of sleep or making someone aware of something. It can also be used metaphorically to describe making someone realize or become conscious of a situation. For example: I woke him up early「彼を早く覚ました」(かれをはやくさました). The loud noise woke me up「大きな音が私を覚ました」(おおきなおとがわたしをさました). This verb is transitive, meaning it requires a direct object (the person or thing being awakened). It is important to distinguish this from the intransitive verb '覚める (さめる)', which means 'to wake up' on its own.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

612

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Occasion

Reading

Kanji

際Occasion

Explanation

The Japanese noun '際 (さい)' refers to a specific moment, occasion, or juncture. It is often used to describe a critical or significant point in time when something happens or is about to happen. For example: at the time of departure「出発の際」(しゅっぱつのさい). On the occasion of the meeting「会議の際」(かいぎのさい). This word can also imply a sense of urgency or importance, as in 'in case of emergency'「緊急の際」(きんきゅうのさい). It is commonly used in formal or written contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

613

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Friend

Reading

Kanji

友Friend 達Attain, Plural

Explanation

The Japanese noun '友達 (ともだち)' means 'friend'. It refers to a person whom one knows, likes, and trusts. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation and is neutral in terms of formality. It can be used to describe both close friends and casual acquaintances. For example: I have many friends「友達がたくさんいます」(ともだちがたくさんいます). She is my best friend「彼女は私の親友です」(かのじょはわたしのしんゆうです). Note that '友達' is often used in informal contexts, while '友人 (ゆうじん)' is a more formal alternative.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

614

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Market

Reading

Kanji

市City, Market 場Place

Explanation

The Japanese noun '市場 (しじょう)' primarily means 'market'. This word refers to a physical place where goods are bought and sold, such as a farmer's market or a fish market. It can also refer to an economic market, such as the stock market or a specific industry market. For example: I went to the fish market「魚市場に行きました」(さかなしじょうにいきました). The stock market is unstable today「株式市場は今日不安定です」(かぶしきしじょうはきょうふあんていです). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe a competitive environment, such as in 'the job market'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

617

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Notice

Reading

Kanji

気Spirit 付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese verb '気付く (きづく)' means 'to notice' or 'to become aware of'. It is used when someone realizes or becomes conscious of something, often something that was previously overlooked or unnoticed. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as noticing a detail, realizing a mistake, or becoming aware of someone's feelings. For example: I noticed that the door was open「ドアが開いていることに気付いた」(ドアがあいていることにきづいた). She noticed that he was lying「彼が嘘をついていることに気付いた」(かれがうそをついていることにきづいた). The verb is often followed by the particle 'に' to indicate what has been noticed.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

620

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

How many

Reading

Kanji

幾Some, How many

Explanation

The Japanese noun '幾 (いく)' is an archaic or literary term meaning 'how many' or 'several'. It is often used in formal or poetic contexts to express an indefinite quantity or to ask about the number of something. For example: how many years have passed?「幾年の歳月が過ぎたか」(いくねんのさいげつがすぎたか). It can also be used in compound words like '幾何 (きか)' meaning 'geometry'. Note that this word is rarely used in modern conversational Japanese and is more common in written or classical contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

622

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Intention

Reading

Kanji

積Accumulate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '積り (つもり)' means 'intention' or 'plan'. It is used to express one's intention or plan to do something in the future. It often follows a verb in its dictionary form or past tense to indicate what someone intends to do or thought they did. For example: I intend to go to Japan「日本に行くつもりです」(にほんにいくつもりです). I thought I had locked the door「ドアを閉めたつもりです」(ドアをしめたつもりです). It can also be used to express a mistaken belief or assumption, as in 'I thought I had explained it clearly「はっきり説明したつもりです」(はっきりせつめいしたつもりです)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

623

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dream

Reading

Kanji

夢Dream

Explanation

The Japanese noun '夢 (ゆめ)' primarily means 'dream'. It can refer to the dreams one experiences while sleeping, as well as aspirations or hopes for the future. For example: I had a strange dream last night「昨夜、変な夢を見た」(さくや、へんなゆめをみた). Her dream is to become a doctor「彼女の夢は医者になることです」(かのじょのゆめはいしゃになることです). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that feels unreal or fantastical, such as 'a dreamlike scenery' (夢のような景色 - ゆめのようなけしき).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

627

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Learn, Remember

Reading

Kanji

覚Remember, Awake

Explanation

The Japanese verb '覚える (おぼえる)' primarily means 'to remember' or 'to memorize'. It is used when someone retains information or experiences in their memory. For example: I remember his name「彼の名前を覚えている」(かれのなまえをおぼえている). It can also mean 'to learn' in the sense of acquiring a skill or knowledge. For example: She learned how to swim「彼女は泳ぎ方を覚えた」(かのじょはおよぎかたをおぼえた). The verb is commonly used in everyday conversations and can be applied to both concrete and abstract concepts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

629

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Official

Reading

Kanji

官Government, Bureaucrat

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '官 (かん)' refers to an official or a person holding a government position. It is commonly used in titles or roles related to public service or administration. For example: a government official「政府の官」(せいふのかん). This suffix is often attached to nouns to denote a specific type of official, such as '警察官 (けいさつかん)' (police officer) or '外交官 (がいこうかん)' (diplomat). It is important to note that '官' is typically used in formal contexts and is not used in everyday conversation unless referring to specific roles or titles.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

631

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Alcohol, Sake

Reading

Kanji

酒Alcohol, Sake

Explanation

The Japanese noun '酒 (さけ)' primarily refers to alcoholic beverages in general, but it can also specifically denote 'sake', the traditional Japanese rice wine. This word is commonly used in various contexts, from casual conversations to formal settings. For example: I like alcohol「私は酒が好きです」(わたしはさけがすきです). Let's drink sake tonight「今夜は酒を飲みましょう」(こんやはさけをのみましょう). The term can also appear in compound words, such as '日本酒 (にほんしゅ)' meaning 'Japanese sake'. It's important to note that while '酒' can refer to any alcoholic drink, in many contexts it specifically implies sake, especially when used in traditional or cultural settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

632

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hit, Type

Reading

Kanji

打Hit

Explanation

The Japanese verb '打つ (うつ)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to hit', which can refer to physically striking something, such as hitting a ball or striking a nail. For example: He hit the ball「彼はボールを打った」(かれはボールをうった). The second meaning is 'to type', referring to inputting text on a keyboard or similar device. For example: I typed the document「私はその文書を打った」(わたしはそのぶんしょをうった). The context usually makes it clear which meaning is intended. Additionally, '打つ' can be used metaphorically, such as in '打ち明ける (うちあける)', meaning 'to confide' or 'to reveal'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

636

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Emergency

Reading

Kanji

非Mistake, Negative 常Usual, Normal

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '非常 (ひじょう)' primarily means 'emergency'. It is often used in contexts related to urgent or critical situations. For example: emergency exit「非常口」(ひじょうぐち). This word can also be used to describe something as 'extraordinary' or 'unusual', but this usage is less common. For example: extraordinary measures「非常手段」(ひじょうしゅだん). It's important to note that '非常' is often used in formal or official contexts, such as in signs or announcements.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

639

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

International

Reading

Kanji

国Country 際Occasion

Explanation

The Japanese noun '国際 (こくさい)' means 'international'. It refers to matters or activities involving multiple countries or nations. This word is commonly used in contexts such as international relations, international trade, or international events. For example: international conference「国際会議」(こくさいかいぎ). international cooperation「国際協力」(こくさいきょうりょく). It is important to note that '国際' is often used as a prefix or modifier in compound nouns to indicate an international aspect, such as '国際社会 (こくさいしゃかい) (international community)' or '国際問題 (こくさいもんだい) (international issue)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

641

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Accomplish

Reading

Kanji

成Become

Explanation

The Japanese verb '成す (なす)' means 'to accomplish' or 'to achieve'. It is used to describe the act of completing or bringing something to fruition. This verb often conveys a sense of creating or forming something significant, such as a result, a state, or an outcome. For example: He accomplished great things「彼は偉業を成した」(かれはいぎょうをなした). The efforts of the team accomplished the goal「チームの努力が目標を成した」(チームのどりょくがもくひょうをなした). Note that '成す' can also imply the formation or creation of something, as in 'to form' or 'to make', but the primary meaning is tied to accomplishment.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

646

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cause

Reading

Kanji

原Meadow, Original 因Cause

Explanation

The Japanese noun '原因 (げんいん)' means 'cause'. It refers to the reason or source behind an event, situation, or phenomenon. This word is often used in both formal and informal contexts to explain why something happened. For example: the cause of the accident is unknown「事故の原因は不明です」(じこのげんいんはふめいです). Stress is the cause of his illness「ストレスが彼の病気の原因です」(ストレスがかれのびょうきのげんいんです). It can also be used in compound phrases like '根本原因 (こんぽんげんいん)' (root cause) to emphasize the primary source of an issue.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

647

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Police

Reading

Kanji

警Warn 察Guess

Explanation

The Japanese noun '警察 (けいさつ)' refers to the police or law enforcement. It is used to describe the organization responsible for maintaining public order and safety, as well as enforcing laws. For example: The police arrived quickly「警察がすぐに来た」(けいさつがすぐにきた). I reported it to the police「警察に報告した」(けいさつにほうこくした). This term is commonly used in contexts involving crime, safety, and legal matters.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

649

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Period

Reading

Kanji

期Time, Period 間Interval, Space

Explanation

The Japanese noun '期間 (きかん)' refers to a specific span or duration of time. It is commonly used to indicate the length of time during which something occurs or is valid. For example: the contract period「契約期間」(けいやくきかん). The festival period「祭りの期間」(まつりのきかん). This term is often used in formal contexts, such as business, legal, or academic settings, to specify time frames. It can also be used in everyday conversation to describe the duration of events or activities.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

657

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Direct

Reading

Kanji

向Facing, Yonder

Explanation

The Japanese verb '向ける (むける)' means 'to direct' or 'to turn something towards a specific direction or target'. It is often used when indicating the orientation or focus of an object, attention, or effort. For example: he directed his gaze towards the mountain「彼は山に向けた視線を向けた」(かれはやまにむけたしせんをむけた). She turned the camera towards the flowers「彼女はカメラを花に向けた」(かのじょはカメラをはなにむけた). This verb can also be used metaphorically, such as directing efforts or attention towards a goal.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

661

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Difficult

Reading

Kanji

難Difficult

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '難しい (むずかしい)' means 'difficult'. It is used to describe something that is hard to understand, accomplish, or deal with. This word can be applied to tasks, problems, concepts, or situations. For example: This problem is difficult「この問題は難しい」(このもんだいはむずかしい). Learning Japanese is difficult「日本語を学ぶのは難しい」(にほんごをまなぶのはむずかしい). The word can also imply complexity or a high level of challenge. It is often used in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

662

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Far

Reading

Kanji

遠Far

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '遠く (とおく)' means 'far'. It is used to describe a considerable distance in space or time. This word can be used to indicate physical distance, such as the distance between two locations, or metaphorical distance, such as the gap between two points in time or in a relationship. For example: The mountain is far away「山は遠くにある」(やまはとおくにある). I can see the ship far in the distance「遠くに船が見える」(とおくにふねがみえる). It's important to note that '遠く' can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as in the phrase '遠くの親戚より近くの他人' (とおくのしんせきよりちかくのたにん), which translates to 'A stranger nearby is better than a relative far away,' highlighting the importance of proximity over distant relationships.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

663

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Kill

Reading

Kanji

殺Kill

Explanation

The Japanese verb '殺す (ころす)' means 'to kill'. It is used to describe the act of causing the death of a living being, whether intentionally or unintentionally. This verb can be applied to humans, animals, or even metaphorically to ideas or emotions. For example: he killed the insect「彼は虫を殺した」(かれはむしをころした). The harsh words killed her enthusiasm「厳しい言葉が彼女の熱意を殺した」(きびしいことばがかのじょのねついをころした). Note that this verb carries a strong and often negative connotation, so it should be used with care in conversation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

664

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Believe

Reading

Kanji

信Trust

Explanation

The Japanese verb '信ずる (しんずる)' means 'to believe' or 'to trust'. It is often used to express faith or confidence in someone or something. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as believing in a person's words, trusting in a higher power, or having confidence in an idea or concept. For example: I believe in you「あなたを信ずる」(あなたをしんずる). He believes in the power of hard work「彼は努力の力を信ずる」(かれはどりょくのちからをしんずる). It's important to note that '信ずる' is a more formal or literary form of '信じる (しんじる)', which is more commonly used in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

669

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Match

Reading

Kanji

合Fit, Match

Explanation

The Japanese verb '合わせる (あわせる)' primarily means 'to match' or 'to adjust'. It is used when aligning, synchronizing, or harmonizing things. For example, it can refer to matching colors, synchronizing schedules, or harmonizing voices in music. Example sentences: Let's match our schedules「スケジュールを合わせましょう」(すけじゅーるをあわせましょう). She adjusted her voice to the music「彼女は音楽に声を合わせた」(かのじょはおんがくにこえをあわせた). The verb can also imply bringing things together, such as in '合わせる手 (あわせるて)', which means 'clapping hands'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

676

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Safe

Reading

Kanji

安Cheap, Relax 全Whole, All

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '安全 (あんぜん)' means 'safe'. It is used to describe a state or condition where there is no danger or risk. This word is commonly used in contexts related to safety, security, and well-being. For example: This area is safe「この地域は安全です」(このちいきはあんぜんです). Safety is important「安全は大切です」(あんぜんはたいせつです). It can also be used to describe objects or systems designed to ensure safety, such as '安全装置 (あんぜんそうち)' (safety device).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

677

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ability

Reading

Kanji

能Ability 力Power

Explanation

The Japanese noun '能力 (のうりょく)' means 'ability'. It refers to the capacity or skill to do something, whether physical, mental, or technical. This word is often used in contexts related to personal skills, professional competencies, or innate talents. For example: He has the ability to solve problems quickly「彼は問題を素早く解決する能力がある」(かれはもんだいをすばやくかいけつするのうりょくがある). Improving your language ability is important「言語能力を向上させることは重要だ」(げんごのうりょくをこうじょうさせることはじゅうようだ). The word can also be used in broader contexts, such as organizational or technological capabilities.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

678

Composition

kanji

Handwriting