Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Kanji JLPT Level

word

Meaning

Past

Reading

Kanji

過Exceed, Error 去Past

Explanation

The Japanese noun '過去 (かこ)' means 'past'. It refers to a time that has already happened, or events that have occurred before the present. This word is often used in contexts discussing history, personal experiences, or time in general. For example: I cannot change the past「過去を変えることはできない」(かこをかえることはできない). He often talks about his past「彼はよく自分の過去について話す」(かれはよくじぶんのかこについてはなす). It can also be used in phrases like '過去の出来事 (かこのできごと)' (past events) or '過去を振り返る (かこをふりかえる)' (to look back on the past).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

972

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Intersection

Reading

Kanji

交Mix 差Difference 点Point

Explanation

The Japanese noun '交差点 (こうさてん)' refers to an 'intersection', specifically a place where two or more roads cross each other. It is commonly used in everyday conversation when giving directions or discussing traffic. For example: Turn left at the next intersection「次の交差点を左に曲がってください」(つぎのこうさてんをひだりにまがってください). There was an accident at the intersection「交差点で事故がありました」(こうさてんでじこがありました). The word is neutral in tone and can be used in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

981

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Department

Reading

Kanji

科Section, Department

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '科 (か)' is commonly used to denote a department, division, or field of study, particularly in academic, medical, or organizational contexts. It often follows a specific area of expertise or subject, such as in '医学部 (いがくぶ)' (medical department) or '理科 (りか)' (science). For example: She works in the dermatology department「彼女は皮膚科で働いています」(かのじょはひふかではたらいています). The biology department is on the third floor「生物学の科は三階にあります」(せいぶつがくのかはさんがいにあります). This suffix is also used in medical fields to specify a specialty, such as '眼科 (がんか)' (ophthalmology).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

984

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Embrace

Reading

Kanji

抱Hug, Embrace

Explanation

The Japanese verb '抱く (いだく)' primarily means 'to embrace' or 'to hold in one's arms'. It can also metaphorically mean 'to harbor' feelings or thoughts, such as hopes or suspicions. This verb is often used in both literal and figurative contexts. For example: She embraced her child「彼女は子供を抱いた」(かのじょはこどもをいだいた). He harbors a deep love for her「彼は彼女に深い愛を抱いている」(かれはかのじょにふかいあいをいだいている). Note that '抱く' can also be read as 'だく' with a slightly different nuance, often implying a more physical or intimate embrace.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

986

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Housing

Reading

Kanji

住Live 宅House

Explanation

The Japanese noun '住宅 (じゅうたく)' refers to 'housing' or 'residential buildings'. It is commonly used to describe houses, apartments, or any type of dwelling where people live. This term is often used in discussions about real estate, urban planning, or living conditions. For example: The housing in this area is expensive「この地域の住宅は高い」(このちいきのじゅうたくはたかい). We are looking for new housing「新しい住宅を探しています」(あたらしいじゅうたくをさがしています). The word can also appear in compound terms like '住宅地 (じゅうたくち)', meaning 'residential area'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

988

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Side

Reading

Kanji

横Sideways

Explanation

The Japanese noun '横 (よこ)' primarily means 'side'. It refers to the lateral direction or the space beside something. This word is often used to describe the position of objects or people relative to each other. For example: sit next to me「私の横に座って」(わたしのよこにすわって). The store is next to the station「その店は駅の横です」(そのみせはえきのよこです). Additionally, '横' can sometimes imply a horizontal direction, as opposed to vertical. It is a versatile word used in various contexts to indicate adjacency or lateral positioning.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

989

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reply

Reading

Kanji

返Return 事Thing

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '返事 (へんじ)' means 'reply'. It refers to a response or answer given to a question, request, or message. It is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: I received a reply from him「彼から返事をもらった」(かれからへんじをもらった). Please give me a reply soon「早く返事をください」(はやくへんじをください). The word can also imply acknowledgment, such as when someone responds to being called. For instance: She didn't give a reply when I called her「彼女を呼んでも返事がなかった」(かのじょをよんでもへんじがなかった).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

990

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Value

Reading

Kanji

値Value, Price

Explanation

The Japanese noun '値 (あたい)' means 'value'. It refers to the worth, importance, or numerical quantity of something. This word is often used in contexts involving mathematics, economics, or general assessments of worth. For example: the value of this item is high「この商品の値は高い」(このしょうひんのあたいはたかい). What is the value of x?「xの値は何ですか？」(xのあたいはなんですか？). It can also be used metaphorically to describe the significance or worth of abstract concepts, such as in 'the value of friendship'「友情の値」(ゆうじょうのあたい).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

994

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Apply

Reading

Kanji

申Report 込Put in, Crowded

Explanation

The Japanese verb '申し込む (もうしこむ)' primarily means 'to apply' or 'to make a formal request'. It is commonly used in contexts where someone is applying for a service, membership, or event. For example: I applied for the job「その仕事に申し込んだ」(そのしごとにもうしこんだ). She applied for the course「彼女はそのコースに申し込んだ」(かのじょはそのコースにもうしこんだ). Additionally, it can also mean 'to propose' or 'to offer', such as in a marriage proposal. For example: He proposed to her「彼は彼女に結婚を申し込んだ」(かれはかのじょにけっこんをもうしこんだ). This verb is often used in formal or business settings.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

996

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Expectation

Reading

Kanji

期Time, Period 待Wait

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '期待 (きたい)' means 'expectation'. It refers to the anticipation or hope that something will happen or be achieved. This word is often used in contexts where someone is looking forward to a positive outcome or result. For example: I have high expectations for the new project「新しいプロジェクトに期待しています」(あたらしいプロジェクトにきたいしています). Don't let down my expectations「私の期待を裏切らないで」(わたしのきたいをうらぎらないで). It can also be used to express anticipation for future events or developments, such as in '期待を込めて (きたいをこめて) (with expectation)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

997

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Others

Reading

Kanji

他Other (亻)人Person

Explanation

The Japanese noun '他人 (たにん)' means 'others' or 'other people'. It refers to people who are not part of one's immediate circle, such as family or close friends. This word emphasizes a sense of separation or unfamiliarity. For example: Don't rely on others「他人に頼るな」(たにんにたよるな). He is just a stranger to me「彼は私にとってただの他人だ」(かれはわたしにとってただのたにんだ). The word can also carry a nuance of emotional distance, as in '他人事 (たにんごと)' (someone else's problem).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

998

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Flow

Reading

Kanji

流Flow

Explanation

The Japanese verb '流れる (ながれる)' means 'to flow'. It is commonly used to describe the movement of liquids, such as water in a river, but can also be used metaphorically to describe the passage of time, the movement of air, or even abstract concepts like emotions. For example: The river flows「川が流れる」(かわがながれる). Time flows quickly「時間が流れるのは早い」(じかんがながれるのははやい). The wind flows through the trees「風が木々の間を流れる」(かぜがきぎのあいだをながれる). This verb is often used in both literal and figurative contexts, making it versatile in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1004

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mistake

Reading

Kanji

間Interval, Space 違Differ, Different

Explanation

The Japanese noun '間違い (まちがい)' means 'mistake' or 'error'. It refers to something that is incorrect or done wrongly. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation to acknowledge or point out errors. For example: That is a mistake「それは間違いです」(それはまちがいです). I made a mistake「間違いをしました」(まちがいをしました). It can also be used in compound phrases like '間違い電話 (まちがいでんわ)' which means 'wrong number call'. The word carries a neutral tone and is often used in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1010

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Scary

Reading

Kanji

怖Fearful, Dreadful

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '怖い (こわい)' means 'scary' or 'frightening'. It is used to describe something that causes fear or unease. This can apply to situations, objects, or even people. For example: That movie was scary「あの映画は怖かった」(あのえいがはこわかった). I'm scared of ghosts「幽霊が怖い」(ゆうれいがこわい). The adjective can also express a sense of dread or anxiety, as in 'I'm scared of failing the test (テストに落ちるのが怖い) (テストにおちるのがこわい)'. Note that '怖い' is often used in casual conversation to describe something that is unsettling or intimidating.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1019

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Decision

Reading

Kanji

決Decide 定Determine

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '決定 (けってい)' means 'decision'. It refers to the act of making a choice or reaching a conclusion after consideration. This term is often used in formal or official contexts, such as in business, legal matters, or organizational settings. For example: The decision has been made「決定がなされた」(けっていがなされた). We need to make a decision soon「早く決定を下す必要がある」(はやくけっていをくだすひつようがある). The word can also be used as a verb in its stem form, such as '決定する (けっていする)', which means 'to decide'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1023

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Horse

Reading

Kanji

馬Horse

Explanation

The Japanese noun '馬 (うま)' means 'horse'. This word refers to the animal, specifically the domesticated species Equus ferus caballus. It is commonly used in everyday language as well as in idiomatic expressions. For example: I saw a horse at the farm「牧場で馬を見た」(ぼくじょうでうまをみた). The horse is running fast「馬が速く走っている」(うまがはやくはしっている). In Japanese culture, horses have historical significance, often associated with samurai and traditional festivals. The word can also appear in compound words, such as '競馬 (けいば)' (horse racing).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1024

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fixed

Reading

Kanji

一One 定Determine

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '一定 (いってい)' means 'fixed' or 'constant'. It is used to describe something that remains unchanged or consistent over time. This term is often used in contexts such as rules, standards, or conditions that do not vary. For example: The temperature is kept at a fixed level「温度は一定に保たれている」(おんどはいっていにたもたれている). The company has a fixed policy on this matter「会社はこの件について一定のポリシーを持っている」(かいしゃはこのけんについていっていのポリシーをもっている). It can also imply a certain level or degree, as in '一定の理解 (いっていのりかい) (a certain level of understanding)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1026

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Plan

Reading

Kanji

予Beforehand 定Determine

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '予定 (よてい)' means 'plan'. It is used to refer to a scheduled event, arrangement, or intention. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to discuss future plans or schedules. For example: I have plans for tomorrow「明日は予定があります」(あしたはよていがあります). What are your plans for the weekend?「週末の予定は何ですか？」(しゅうまつのよていはなんですか？). It can also be used to indicate something that is expected or likely to happen, as in 'The meeting is scheduled for 3 PM'「会議は3時の予定です」(かいぎは3じのよていです).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1028

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Weather forecast

Reading

Kanji

天Heaven 気Spirit 予Beforehand 報Report, News

Explanation

The Japanese noun '天気予報 (てんきよほう)' means 'weather forecast'. It refers to the prediction of weather conditions for a specific time and place, typically provided by meteorological services. This term is commonly used in daily conversations, news broadcasts, and weather reports. For example: The weather forecast says it will rain tomorrow「天気予報によると、明日は雨が降るそうです」(てんきよほうによると、あしたはあめがふるそうです). I always check the weather forecast before going out「出かける前にはいつも天気予報をチェックします」(でかけるまえにはいつもてんきよほうをチェックします).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1030

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ethnicity

Reading

Kanji

民People, Nation 族Family

Explanation

The Japanese noun '民族 (みんぞく)' refers to 'ethnicity' or 'ethnic group'. It is used to describe a group of people who share common cultural, linguistic, or ancestral traits. This term is often used in discussions about cultural identity, history, or diversity. For example: Japan is a country with a single dominant ethnicity「日本は単一民族の国です」(にほんはたんいつみんぞくのくにです). The festival celebrates the traditions of various ethnic groups「その祭りはさまざまな民族の伝統を祝います」(そのまつりはさまざまなみんぞくのでんとうをいわいます). The word can also be used in academic or political contexts to discuss ethnic relations or issues.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1032

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Preparation

Reading

Kanji

予Beforehand 習Learn

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '予習 (よしゅう)' refers to the act of preparing or studying something in advance, particularly in an academic context. It is commonly used to describe the preparation done before a class or lesson, such as reading ahead or reviewing materials. For example: I did preparation for tomorrow's class「明日の授業の予習をしました」(あしたのじゅぎょうのよしゅうをしました). Preparation is important for understanding the lesson「予習は授業を理解するために大切です」(よしゅうはじゅぎょうをりかいするためにたいせつです). This term is often paired with '復習 (ふくしゅう)', which means 'review' or 'revision', to emphasize the cycle of preparation and review in learning.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1033

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Life

Reading

Kanji

命Command, Life

Explanation

The Japanese noun '命 (いのち)' means 'life'. It refers to the existence of a living being, encompassing both the physical and spiritual aspects of life. This word is often used in contexts that emphasize the preciousness or fragility of life. For example: Life is precious「命は大切だ」(いのちはたいせつだ). He risked his life to save the child「彼は子供を救うために命をかけた」(かれはこどもをすくうためにいのちをかけた). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is essential or vital to existence, such as 'the life of a project' or 'the life of a community'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1034

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Married couple

Reading

Kanji

夫Man, Husband 婦Lady

Explanation

The Japanese noun '夫婦 (ふうふ)' means 'married couple'. This word refers to two people who are married to each other, regardless of gender. It is used to describe the relationship between the spouses. For example: They are a married couple 「彼らは夫婦です」 (かれらはふうふです). The married couple went on a trip 「夫婦は旅行に行きました」 (ふうふはりょこうにいきました). Note that this word is neutral and does not imply any particular marital status other than being married.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1035

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reservation

Reading

Kanji

予Beforehand 約Promise, Approximately

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '予約 (よやく)' means 'reservation'. It is commonly used to refer to booking or reserving something in advance, such as a table at a restaurant, a hotel room, or tickets for an event. For example: I made a reservation for dinner「夕食の予約をしました」(ゆうしょくのよやくをしました). Do you have a reservation?「予約はありますか？」(よやくはありますか？). This word is often used in formal and informal contexts alike, and it is essential for planning and organizing events or services in Japan.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1037

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Promise

Reading

Kanji

約Promise, Approximately 束Bundle, Bind

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '約束 (やくそく)' means 'promise'. It refers to a commitment or assurance that one will do something or that a particular thing will happen. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to indicate a pledge or agreement between people. For example: I made a promise to my friend「友達と約束をした」(ともだちとやくそくをした). He broke his promise「彼は約束を破った」(かれはやくそくをやぶった). It can also be used in phrases like '約束を守る (やくそくをまもる)' (to keep a promise) or '約束を果たす (やくそくをはたす)' (to fulfill a promise).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1038

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Strange

Reading

Kanji

変Change, Abnormal

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '変 (へん)' means 'strange' or 'weird'. It is used to describe something that is unusual, odd, or out of the ordinary. This word can be applied to situations, behaviors, or objects. For example: That person is strange「あの人は変だ」(あのひとはへんだ). This situation is weird「この状況は変だ」(このじょうきょうはへんだ). It can also be used to describe a change in state, such as '変な音 (へんなおと) (strange sound)' or '変な感じ (へんなかんじ) (weird feeling)'. Note that '変' can also function as a noun meaning 'change' in certain contexts, but this usage is less common compared to its adjectival meaning.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1043

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Change, Variation

Reading

Kanji

変Change, Abnormal 化Change

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '変化 (へんか)' primarily means 'change' or 'variation'. It refers to a transformation or alteration in state, form, or condition. This word is often used in contexts involving physical, chemical, or abstract changes. For example: The weather changes quickly「天気が急に変化する」(てんきがきゅうにへんかする). There is a variation in color「色に変化がある」(いろにへんかがある). It can also be used in scientific contexts, such as describing chemical changes or biological mutations. The word is neutral and can be applied to both positive and negative changes.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1045

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Strengthening, Enhancement

Reading

Kanji

強Strong 化Change

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '強化 (きょうか)' refers to the act of making something stronger or more effective. It is commonly used in contexts such as improving systems, skills, or materials. For example: The company is strengthening its security measures「会社はセキュリティを強化しています」(かいしゃはセキュリティをきょうかしています). We need to enhance our skills「私たちはスキルを強化する必要があります」(わたしたちはスキルをきょうかするひつようがあります). This term is often used in both technical and everyday contexts to describe the process of making improvements or increasing capabilities.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1046

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reference

Reading

Kanji

参Participate 考Think, Consider

Explanation

The Japanese noun '参考 (さんこう)' means 'reference'. It is used to indicate something that is consulted for information or guidance. This word is commonly used in academic, professional, and everyday contexts when referring to materials, data, or advice that helps in making decisions or understanding a topic. For example: Please use this book as a reference「この本を参考にしてください」(このほんをさんこうにしてください). This data is for reference only「このデータは参考までです」(このデータはさんこうまでです). The word can also imply that the information is supplementary and not definitive.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1047

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cat

Reading

Kanji

猫Cat

Explanation

The Japanese noun '猫 (ねこ)' means 'cat'. This word refers to the domestic feline animal, commonly kept as a pet. It can be used in various contexts, such as describing a pet, talking about cats in general, or even in idiomatic expressions. For example: I have a cat「猫を飼っています」(ねこをかっています). The cat is sleeping「猫が寝ている」(ねこがねている). Cats are cute「猫はかわいい」(ねこはかわいい). The word '猫' is straightforward and widely used in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1048

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Receive, Welcome

Reading

Kanji

迎Welcome

Explanation

The Japanese verb '迎える (むかえる)' primarily means 'to welcome' or 'to receive'. It is used when someone or something is being welcomed or received, often in a formal or ceremonial context. For example: We welcomed the new year「新年を迎えた」(しんねんをむかえた). The company received a new CEO「会社は新しいCEOを迎えた」(かいしゃはあたらしいCEOをむかえた). This verb can also be used in more casual settings, such as welcoming guests to a home. It's important to note that '迎える' often implies a sense of anticipation or preparation for the arrival of someone or something.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1050

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Window

Reading

Kanji

窓Window

Explanation

The Japanese noun '窓 (まど)' means 'window'. This word refers to an opening in a wall or door that allows light and air to enter and provides a view of the outside. It is commonly used in everyday conversation and can refer to windows in buildings, vehicles, or other structures. For example: Please close the window「窓を閉めてください」(まどをしめてください). The window is open「窓が開いている」(まどがあいている). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe a 'window of opportunity' or a 'window into someone's thoughts'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1051

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mutual

Reading

Kanji

相Mutual

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '相 (あい)' is used to indicate mutual or reciprocal actions, relationships, or states. It is often attached to nouns or verbs to convey a sense of shared or joint involvement. For example: mutual love「相愛」(あいあい). mutual understanding「相互理解」(そうごりかい). It can also be used in compound words to express a sense of togetherness or collaboration, such as in '相助 (あいじょ) (mutual assistance)' or '相乗り (あいのり) (carpooling)'. This suffix is commonly used in formal or literary contexts and adds a nuanced layer of reciprocity to the base word.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1054

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vehicle

Reading

Kanji

乗Ride 物Thing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '乗り物 (のりもの)' refers to a 'vehicle' or 'means of transportation'. It is a general term that can be used to describe any mode of transport, such as cars, buses, trains, bicycles, or even boats. This word is often used in everyday conversations when discussing travel or commuting. For example: I use public transportation to go to work「私は仕事に行くのに公共交通機関の乗り物を使います」(わたしはしごとにいくのにこうきょうこうつうきかんののりものをつかいます). Children love riding amusement park rides「子供たちは遊園地の乗り物に乗るのが大好きです」(こどもたちはゆうえんちののりものにのるのがだいすきです). The term can also be used metaphorically to describe something that helps you achieve a goal or move forward in life.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1055

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Nationwide

Reading

Kanji

全Whole, All 国Country

Explanation

The Japanese noun '全国 (ぜんこく)' means 'nationwide' or 'the whole country'. It refers to something that encompasses or relates to the entire nation, rather than a specific region or locality. This term is often used in contexts such as nationwide events, nationwide surveys, or nationwide distribution. For example: The typhoon affected the whole country「台風は全国に影響を与えた」(たいふうはぜんこくにえいきょうをあたえた). This product is sold nationwide「この商品は全国で販売されている」(このしょうひんはぜんこくではんばいされている).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1056

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Come off

Reading

Kanji

取Take

Explanation

The Japanese verb '取れる (とれる)' means that something can be removed or comes off easily. It is often used to describe things like stains, labels, or parts of an object that can detach. For example: The label comes off easily 「ラベルが簡単に取れる」 (ラベルがかんたんにとれる). This stain won't come off 「この汚れは取れない」 (このよごれはとれない). It can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as when referring to impressions or feelings being removed. For example: The tension finally came off 「緊張がやっと取れた」 (きんちょうがやっととれた). Note that '取れる' is the potential form of the verb '取る (とる)', which means 'to take' or 'to remove'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1058

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Song

Reading

Kanji

曲Music, Bend

Explanation

The Japanese noun '曲 (きょく)' primarily means 'song' or 'musical piece'. It refers to a composition of music, often with lyrics, but can also denote instrumental pieces. This word is commonly used in contexts related to music, such as discussing favorite songs, composing music, or performing. For example: This is my favorite song「これは私の好きな曲です」(これはわたしのすきなきょくです). He composed a new song「彼は新しい曲を作った」(かれはあたらしいきょくをつくった). While '曲' can sometimes refer to a 'tune' or 'melody', its primary and most frequent usage is to denote a complete song.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1060

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Best

Reading

Kanji

最Most 高High, Expensive

Explanation

The Japanese noun '最高 (さいこう)' means 'best' or 'highest'. It is used to describe something that is of the utmost quality, excellence, or degree. This word can be applied to a wide range of contexts, such as experiences, objects, or achievements. For example: This is the best day ever!「今日は最高の日だ！」(きょうはさいこうのひだ！). The view from here is the best「ここからの景色は最高だ」(ここからのけしきはさいこうだ). It can also be used to express extreme satisfaction or excitement, as in '最高！(さいこう！)' which translates to 'Awesome!' or 'The best!'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1068

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Seat

Reading

Kanji

席Seat

Explanation

The Japanese noun '席 (せき)' primarily means 'seat'. It refers to a place to sit, such as in a theater, train, or at a table. This word is commonly used in various contexts, such as reserving a seat or finding a seat in a crowded place. For example: Please take a seat「席に座ってください」(せきにすわってください). The seat is reserved「その席は予約済みです」(そのせきはよやくずみです). Additionally, '席' can sometimes imply a position or role in a social or professional setting, such as a seat in a meeting or a position in a company, but the primary meaning remains 'seat'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1069

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Useful

Reading

Kanji

役Duty 立Stand

Explanation

The Japanese verb '役に立つ (やくにたつ)' means 'to be useful' or 'to be helpful'. It is commonly used to describe something or someone that provides practical assistance or value. This verb is often used in everyday conversations to express gratitude or to acknowledge the usefulness of an object, advice, or a person. For example: This book is useful「この本は役に立つ」(このほんはやくにたつ). Your advice was very helpful「あなたのアドバイスはとても役に立った」(あなたのアドバイスはとてもやくにたった). Note that '役に立つ' is often used in its past tense form '役に立った' to indicate that something was useful in the past.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1071

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Firmly

Reading

Kanji

確Certain

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '確り (しっかり)' means 'firmly' or 'steadily'. It is often used to describe actions done with care, attention, or reliability. It can also imply mental or emotional stability. For example: Hold it firmly「しっかり持って」(しっかりもって). She studies hard「彼女はしっかり勉強する」(かのじょはしっかりべんきょうする). Additionally, it can be used to encourage someone to stay strong or focused, as in 'Stay strong! (しっかりして！)'. This word conveys a sense of dependability and thoroughness in actions or attitudes.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1072

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Attendance

Reading

Kanji

出Exit 席Seat

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '出席 (しゅっせき)' means 'attendance'. It refers to the act of being present at a meeting, class, event, or other gathering. It is commonly used in formal or academic contexts. For example: attendance is mandatory「出席は必須です」(しゅっせきはひっすです). I will attend the meeting「会議に出席します」(かいぎにしゅっせきします). The word can also be used in phrases like '出席を取る (しゅっせきをとる)' (to take attendance) or '出席率 (しゅっせきりつ)' (attendance rate).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1074

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Absence

Reading

Kanji

欠Lack 席Seat

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '欠席 (けっせき)' refers to the act of being absent, particularly from events, meetings, or classes. It is commonly used in formal or academic contexts to indicate non-attendance. For example: I will be absent from the meeting tomorrow「明日の会議は欠席します」(あしたのかいぎはけっせきします). His absence was noted by the teacher「先生は彼の欠席に気づいた」(せんせいはかれのけっせきにきづいた). The word can also be used in written notices or announcements, such as '欠席届 (けっせきとどけ)', which means 'notice of absence'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1076

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Second daughter

Reading

Kanji

次Next 女Woman

Explanation

The Japanese noun '次女 (じじょ)' refers to the 'second daughter' in a family. This term is used to specify the birth order of daughters, with '次女' being the second-born daughter. It is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts when discussing family members or relationships. For example: Her second daughter is very talented「彼女の次女はとても才能がある」(かのじょのじじょはとてもさいのうがある). The second daughter got married last year「次女は去年結婚した」(じじょはきょねんけっこんした). The term is often used in family registers, official documents, and everyday conversations to distinguish between siblings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1079

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Funds

Reading

Kanji

資Capital, Resources 金Gold

Explanation

The Japanese noun '資金 (しきん)' refers to 'funds' or 'capital'. It is commonly used in financial contexts to describe money that is available for a specific purpose, such as investment, business operations, or personal use. For example: We need funds to start the project「プロジェクトを始めるために資金が必要です」(ぷろじぇくとをはじめるためにしきんがひつようです). The company raised funds for expansion「会社は拡張のための資金を調達しました」(かいしゃはかくちょうのためのしきんをちょうたつしました). This word is often used in formal or business settings and can refer to both large and small amounts of money.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1082

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Push

Reading

Kanji

押Push, Press down

Explanation

The Japanese verb '押す (おす)' primarily means 'to push'. It is used to describe the action of applying force to move something away from oneself or to press something. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as physically pushing an object, pressing a button, or even metaphorically pushing for an idea or decision. For example: Please push the door「ドアを押してください」(ドアをおしてください). He pushed the button「彼はボタンを押した」(かれはボタンをおした). In some contexts, it can also imply insistence or pressure, as in pushing someone to make a decision.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1091

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Materials

Reading

Kanji

資Capital, Resources 料Materials, Fee

Explanation

The Japanese noun '資料 (しりょう)' refers to 'materials' or 'data' that are used for reference, research, or documentation. It is commonly used in academic, professional, or informational contexts. For example: I need materials for my research「研究のための資料が必要です」(けんきゅうのためのしりょうがひつようです). These materials are very useful「この資料はとても役に立ちます」(このしりょうはとてもやくにたちます). The word can also refer to documents, handouts, or resources provided for meetings or presentations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1092

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Activity

Reading

Kanji

活Lively 動Move

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '活動 (かつどう)' refers to 'activity' or 'action'. It is used to describe physical, mental, or organizational actions, often in the context of work, hobbies, or social movements. For example: The environmental group's activities are impressive「環境グループの活動は印象的です」(かんきょうグループのかつどうはいんしょうてきです). She is active in volunteer activities「彼女はボランティア活動に積極的です」(かのじょはボランティアかつどうにせっきょくてきです). The word can also be used in compound nouns like '文化活動 (ぶんかかつどう)' (cultural activities) or '経済活動 (けいざいかつどう)' (economic activities).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1099

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Capital

Reading

Kanji

都Metropolis

Explanation

The Japanese noun '都 (と)' primarily means 'capital', referring to the main city of a country or region, especially where the government is located. It is often used in formal contexts or when discussing administrative or political matters. For example: Tokyo is the capital of Japan「東京は日本の都です」(とうきょうはにほんのとです). Kyoto was once the capital of Japan「京都はかつて日本の都でした」(きょうとはかつてにほんのとでした). The word can also appear in compound nouns, such as '都庁 (とちょう)' (metropolitan government office). While '都' can sometimes refer to a large city or metropolis, its primary and most distinct meaning is 'capital'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1100

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Maximum

Reading

Kanji

最Most 大Big

Explanation

The Japanese noun '最大 (さいだい)' means 'maximum'. It refers to the greatest or highest amount, degree, or size that is possible or allowed. This word is often used in contexts involving limits, capacities, or extremes. For example: the maximum speed is 100 km/h「最大速度は100キロです」(さいだいそくどは100キロです). This is the maximum capacity「これが最大容量です」(これがさいだいようりょうです). It can also be used in abstract contexts, such as 'maximum effort' or 'maximum potential'. The word is commonly seen in technical, scientific, and everyday contexts where limits are discussed.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1101

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Real estate agent

Reading

Kanji

不Not 動Move 産Give birth 屋Shop, Roof

Explanation

The Japanese noun '不動産屋 (ふどうさんや)' refers to a 'real estate agent' or 'real estate agency'. This term is used to describe a person or business that deals with the buying, selling, and renting of properties. It is commonly used in everyday conversations when discussing housing or property matters. For example: I went to the real estate agent to find a new apartment「新しいアパートを探しに不動産屋に行った」(あたらしいアパートをさがしにふどうさんやにいった). The real estate agent showed us several houses「不動産屋が私たちにいくつかの家を見せてくれた」(ふどうさんやがわたしたちにいくつかのいえをみせてくれた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1103

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Emotion

Reading

Kanji

感Feeling, Sensation 情Feeling, Emotion

Explanation

The Japanese noun '感情 (かんじょう)' refers to 'emotion' or 'feeling'. It is used to describe the complex psychological states that arise from one's circumstances, mood, or relationships with others. This word is commonly used in both everyday conversation and formal contexts. For example: She couldn't hide her emotions「彼女は感情を隠せなかった」(かのじょはかんじょうをかくせなかった). His emotions were written all over his face「彼の感情は顔に表れていた」(かれのかんじょうはかおにあらわれていた). The word can also be used in compound phrases like '感情表現 (かんじょうひょうげん)' (emotional expression) or '感情移入 (かんじょういにゅう)' (empathy).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1104

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Circumstances

Reading

Kanji

事Thing 情Feeling, Emotion

Explanation

The Japanese noun '事情 (じじょう)' refers to 'circumstances' or 'situation'. It is used to describe the conditions or reasons behind a particular state of affairs. This word is often used in formal or serious contexts to explain why something has happened or why a decision was made. For example: Due to personal circumstances, I cannot attend the meeting「事情により、会議に出席できません」(じじょうにより、かいぎにしゅっせきできません). The company explained the circumstances behind the delay「会社は遅延の事情を説明しました」(かいしゃはちえんのじじょうをせつめいしました). It can also be used to refer to the background or context of a situation, such as in '事情聴取 (じじょうちょうしゅ)', which means 'hearing the circumstances'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1108

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Speed

Reading

Kanji

速Quick

Explanation

The Japanese noun '速さ (はやさ)' means 'speed'. It refers to the rate at which something moves or operates. This word is often used in contexts involving motion, such as vehicles, athletes, or processes. For example: The speed of the car is impressive「車の速さがすごい」(くるまのはやさがすごい). The speed of light is constant「光の速さは一定だ」(ひかりのはやさはいっていだ). It can also be used metaphorically to describe the pace of events or changes, such as 'the speed of technological advancement'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1109

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Express

Reading

Kanji

速Quick 達Attain, Plural

Explanation

The Japanese noun '速達 (そくたつ)' refers to 'express' or 'express delivery'. It is commonly used in the context of mail or package delivery services to indicate that the item will be delivered faster than standard delivery. For example: I sent the document by express「書類を速達で送りました」(しょるいをそくたつでおくりました). Please use express delivery for this package「この荷物は速達でお願いします」(このにもつはそくたつでおねがいします). The term is often seen in postal services and is a convenient option for urgent deliveries.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1110

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tooth

Reading

Kanji

歯Tooth

Explanation

The Japanese noun '歯 (は)' means 'tooth'. It refers to the hard, calcified structures in the mouth used for biting and chewing. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation and medical contexts. For example: I have a toothache「歯が痛い」(はがいたい). Brush your teeth「歯を磨きなさい」(はをみがきなさい). The word can also be used metaphorically, such as in the phrase '歯が立たない (はがたたない)', which means 'unable to handle' or 'too difficult to tackle'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1112

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Teacher

Reading

Kanji

師Master, Expert

Explanation

The Japanese noun '師 (し)' means 'teacher' or 'master'. It refers to someone who is highly skilled or knowledgeable in a particular field and often serves as a mentor or guide. This term is commonly used in contexts such as martial arts, arts and crafts, or academic disciplines. For example: He is my teacher「彼は私の師です」(かれはわたしのしです). The tea ceremony master is respected「茶道の師は尊敬されている」(さどうのしはそんけいされている). Note that '師' can also be part of compound words, such as '教師 (きょうし)' (teacher) or '医師 (いし)' (doctor).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1115

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Realization

Reading

Kanji

実Fruit, Truth 現Appear, Current

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '実現 (じつげん)' means 'realization' or 'actualization'. It refers to the act of making something real or bringing something into existence, such as a plan, dream, or idea. This word is often used in contexts involving goals, aspirations, or projects. For example: the realization of a dream「夢の実現」(ゆめのじつげん). The plan was realized「計画が実現した」(けいかくがじつげんした). It can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as the realization of an idea「アイデアの実現」(アイデアのじつげん). Note that this word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1120

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Garden

Reading

Kanji

園Garden

Explanation

The Japanese noun '園 (その)' primarily means 'garden'. It refers to a cultivated area of land, often used for growing plants, flowers, or vegetables. This word can also be used in compound words to denote specific types of gardens or parks, such as '動物園 (どうぶつえん)' (zoo) or '幼稚園 (ようちえん)' (kindergarten). Example sentences: The garden is beautiful「その園は美しい」(そのそのはうつくしい). I went to the zoo「動物園に行った」(どうぶつえんにいった).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1121

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

All

Reading

Kanji

全Whole, All

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '全 (ぜん)' means 'all' or 'entire'. It is commonly used to indicate completeness or entirety when attached to nouns. For example: all members「全員」(ぜんいん), all over the world「全世界」(ぜんせかい), or all day「全日」(ぜんじつ). This prefix is often used in formal or written contexts to emphasize the totality of something. Another example: all power「全力」(ぜんりょく). Note that '全' can also be used in compound words to convey a sense of wholeness or comprehensiveness, such as in '全国 (ぜんこく)' meaning 'nationwide' or 'entire country'.

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1123

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Execution

Reading

Kanji

実Fruit, Truth 行Go

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '実行 (じっこう)' means 'execution' or 'implementation'. It refers to the act of carrying out or putting something into practice, such as a plan, idea, or action. This word is often used in contexts involving decision-making, projects, or strategies. For example: The execution of the plan was successful「計画の実行は成功した」(けいかくのじっこうはせいこうした). We need to execute this idea immediately「このアイデアをすぐに実行する必要がある」(このアイデアをすぐにじっこうするひつようがある). Note that '実行' is commonly paired with verbs like 'する' to indicate the act of executing something.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1125

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Experiment

Reading

Kanji

実Fruit, Truth 験Test

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '実験 (じっけん)' means 'experiment'. It refers to a scientific test or trial conducted to discover or demonstrate something. This word is commonly used in academic, scientific, and everyday contexts. For example: We conducted an experiment「私たちは実験を行いました」(わたしたちはじっけんをおこないました). The experiment was successful「実験は成功しました」(じっけんはせいこうしました). It can also be used metaphorically to describe trying something new, such as: This recipe is an experiment「このレシピは実験です」(このレシピはじっけんです).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1127

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Passage

Reading

Kanji

通Commute, Pass 過Exceed, Error

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '通過 (つうか)' means 'passage' or 'passing through'. It is used to describe the act of moving through a place, area, or situation without stopping or being significantly affected. This word is often used in contexts like transportation, where it refers to passing through a station or checkpoint without stopping, or in abstract situations, such as passing through a phase or stage. For example: The train passed through the station without stopping「電車は駅を通過した」(でんしゃはえきをつうかした). He passed through a difficult time「彼は困難な時期を通過した」(かれはこんなんなじきをつうかした). Note that '通過' can also imply a sense of transition or progression, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1129

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Afternoon

Reading

Kanji

昼Daytime, Noon 過Exceed, Error

Explanation

The Japanese noun '昼過ぎ (ひるすぎ)' refers to the time period in the early afternoon, specifically after midday. It is used to describe the time when the sun is past its highest point but still relatively early in the afternoon. For example: I will go shopping in the afternoon「昼過ぎに買い物に行きます」(ひるすぎにかいものにいきます). The meeting is scheduled for the afternoon「会議は昼過ぎに予定されています」(かいぎはひるすぎによていされています). This term is commonly used in daily conversations to indicate a specific time frame during the day.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1132

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Elderly

Reading

Kanji

老Old, Aged 人Person

Explanation

The Japanese noun '老人 (ろうじん)' refers to an elderly person or old people in general. It is a neutral term used to describe someone who is advanced in age, typically implying respect for their experience and wisdom. However, context matters, as it can sometimes carry a slightly negative connotation depending on usage. Example sentences: The elderly man is walking slowly「老人がゆっくり歩いている」(ろうじんがゆっくりあるいている). We should respect the elderly「私たちは老人を尊敬すべきだ」(わたしたちはろうじんをそんけいすべきだ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1134

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Establish, Determine

Reading

Kanji

定Determine

Explanation

The Japanese verb '定める (さだめる)' primarily means 'to determine' or 'to establish'. It is used when setting rules, standards, or decisions firmly. For example: The government determined the new policy「政府は新しい政策を定めた」(せいふはあたらしいせいさくをさだめた). They established the rules for the competition「彼らは競技のルールを定めた」(かれらはきょうぎのルールをさだめた). This verb often implies a formal or authoritative decision-making process. It can also be used in contexts like setting a date or defining a concept, such as: The date for the meeting was set「会議の日付が定められた」(かいぎのひづけがさだめられた).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1141

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Announcement

Reading

Kanji

発Departure 表Surface, Express

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '発表 (はっぴょう)' means 'announcement' or 'presentation'. It refers to the act of making something known publicly, often in a formal or official setting. This word is commonly used in academic, business, and media contexts. For example: The company made an announcement about the new product「会社は新製品について発表した」(かいしゃはしんせいひんについてはっぴょうした). I will give a presentation at the conference「私は会議で発表します」(わたしはかいぎではっぴょうします). The teacher announced the test results「先生はテストの結果を発表した」(せんせいはテストのけっかではっぴょうした). Note that '発表' can also imply a sense of responsibility or formality, as it often involves sharing information that others are waiting to hear.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1148

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Expression

Reading

Kanji

表Surface, Express 現Appear, Current

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '表現 (ひょうげん)' means 'expression'. It refers to the act of conveying thoughts, feelings, or ideas through words, art, gestures, or other forms of communication. It is commonly used in contexts related to language, art, and emotions. For example: Her expression in the painting is beautiful「彼女の絵の中の表現は美しい」(かのじょのえのなかのひょうげんはうつくしい). I struggled to find the right words to express my feelings「気持ちを表現する適切な言葉を見つけるのに苦労した」(きもちをひょうげんするてきせつなことばをみつけるのにくろうした). Note that '表現' can also refer to artistic or creative expression, as well as linguistic expression.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1149

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Representation, Delegate

Reading

Kanji

代Substitute, Era 表Surface, Express

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '代表 (だいひょう)' can mean 'representation' or 'delegate'. As 'representation', it refers to the act of speaking or acting on behalf of someone or something. As 'delegate', it refers to a person chosen or appointed to represent others. Example sentences: He is the representative of our company「彼は私たちの会社の代表です」(かれはわたしたちのかいしゃのだいひょうです). This painting is a representation of peace「この絵は平和の代表です」(このえはへいわのだいひょうです). The nuance here is that '代表' can refer to both the concept of representation and the person who represents, depending on context.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1151

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Kind

Reading

Kanji

優Superior, Gentle

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '優しい (やさしい)' primarily means 'kind'. It is used to describe someone who is gentle, caring, or considerate towards others. This word can also imply a sense of softness or tenderness in character. For example: she is kind「彼女は優しい」(かのじょはやさしい). He spoke in a kind voice「彼は優しい声で話した」(かれはやさしいこえではなした). While '優しい' can sometimes be used to describe something that is easy to do or understand, this usage is less common and typically requires additional context to avoid confusion with the primary meaning of kindness.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1152

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sense, Sensation

Reading

Kanji

感Feeling, Sensation 覚Remember, Awake

Explanation

The Japanese noun '感覚 (かんかく)' refers to the physical or mental perception of stimuli, often translated as 'sensation' or 'sense'. It can describe the physical senses (touch, taste, smell, etc.) or a more abstract sense of understanding or intuition. For example: I lost sensation in my hand「手の感覚がなくなった」(てのかんかくがなくなった). He has a good sense of direction「彼は方向感覚が優れている」(かれはほうこうかんかくがすぐれている). The word is also used in contexts like 'a sense of beauty' (美の感覚, びのかんかく) or 'a sense of danger' (危険の感覚, きけんのかんかく).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1157

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Finger

Reading

Kanji

指Finger

Explanation

The Japanese noun '指 (ゆび)' refers to a 'finger'. It is used to describe the digits on a hand, and can also refer to toes in certain contexts, though '足の指 (あしのゆび)' is more specific for toes. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation and can be found in various expressions. For example: my finger hurts「指が痛い」(ゆびがいたい). She pointed with her finger「彼女は指で指した」(かのじょはゆびでさした). The word can also be used metaphorically, such as in '指を差す (ゆびをさす)', which means 'to point at' or 'to accuse'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1159

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Want

Reading

Kanji

欲Desire, Longing

Explanation

The Japanese verb '欲しがる (ほしがる)' means 'to want' or 'to desire'. It is used to describe someone else's desire or want, often observed from an external perspective. This verb is typically used in the third person, as it implies that the speaker is observing or reporting on someone else's desire. For example: The child wants candy「子供がお菓子を欲しがっている」(こどもがおかしをほしがっている). She seems to want that bag「彼女はそのバッグを欲しがっているみたい」(かのじょはそのバッグをほしがっているみたい). Note that '欲しがる' is different from '欲しい (ほしい)', which is used to express one's own desire directly.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1165

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Citizen

Reading

Kanji

市City, Market 民People, Nation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '市民 (しみん)' means 'citizen'. It refers to a person who is a member of a particular city, town, or country, and who has rights and responsibilities within that community. This term is often used in contexts related to civic duties, local governance, and community involvement. For example: The citizens of this city are very active「この街の市民はとても活発です」(このまちのしみんはとてもかっぱつです). She is a proud citizen of Tokyo「彼女は東京の誇り高い市民です」(かのじょはとうきょうのほこりたかいしみんです). The word can also be used in broader contexts to refer to people who are part of a larger society or community, emphasizing their role and participation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1171

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Doctor

Reading

Kanji

医Doctor 師Master, Expert

Explanation

The Japanese noun '医師 (いし)' refers to a medical doctor, specifically someone who is licensed to practice medicine. This term is formal and is often used in professional or official contexts. It is distinct from more casual terms like 'お医者さん (おいしゃさん)', which is also used to refer to a doctor but in a more conversational or friendly tone. Example sentences: The doctor examined the patient「医師は患者を診察した」(いしはかんじゃをしんさつした). She became a doctor「彼女は医師になった」(かのじょはいしになった). Note that '医師' is typically used in written or formal speech, while 'お医者さん' is more common in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1172

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Creation

Reading

Kanji

作Make 成Become

Explanation

The Japanese noun '作成 (さくせい)' refers to the act of creating, preparing, or producing something, often in a formal or systematic manner. It is commonly used in contexts such as document preparation, data compilation, or the creation of materials. For example: the creation of a report「レポートの作成」(れぽーとのさくせい). She is preparing the presentation materials「彼女はプレゼンテーション資料を作成している」(かのじょはぷれぜんてーしょんしりょうをさくせいしている). This word is often used in professional or technical settings to describe the process of making something with care and precision.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1173

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Crime, Sin

Reading

Kanji

罪Sin, Guilt

Explanation

The Japanese noun '罪 (つみ)' can mean both 'sin' and 'crime', depending on the context. When referring to 'sin', it often carries a moral or religious connotation, such as an act against divine or ethical laws. For example: he confessed his sin「彼は自分の罪を告白した」(かれはじぶんのつみをこくはくした). When referring to 'crime', it denotes an act punishable by law. For example: committing a crime is wrong「罪を犯すのは間違っている」(つみをおかすのはまちがっている). The word is versatile and can be used in both formal and informal contexts, but its nuance depends heavily on the situation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1176

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Teacher

Reading

Kanji

教Teach 師Master, Expert

Explanation

The Japanese noun '教師 (きょうし)' means 'teacher'. It refers to someone who teaches professionally, typically in schools or educational institutions. This word is formal and is often used to describe educators in academic settings. For example: The teacher is kind「教師は優しい」(きょうしはやさしい). I want to become a teacher「教師になりたい」(きょうしになりたい). Note that '教師' is more formal than other words like '先生 (せんせい)', which is also used to mean 'teacher' but can be used more broadly to address professionals like doctors or mentors.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1177

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pitch dark

Reading

Kanji

真Truth 暗Darkness

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '真っ暗 (まっくら)' means 'pitch-dark'. It is used to describe a state of complete darkness, where no light is visible. This word can be used to describe physical spaces, such as rooms or outdoor areas, as well as metaphorical situations, like a hopeless or unclear future. For example: the room is pitch-dark「部屋は真っ暗だ」(へやはまっくらだ). The night was pitch-dark「夜は真っ暗だった」(よるはまっくらだった). The word '真っ暗' often conveys a sense of intensity or extremity in the darkness, emphasizing the absence of light.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1178

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Difference

Reading

Kanji

差Difference

Explanation

The Japanese noun '差 (さ)' primarily means 'difference'. It refers to the distinction or gap between two or more things, whether in quantity, quality, or degree. This word is often used in contexts where comparison is involved. For example: there is a big difference between them「彼らの間には大きな差がある」(かれらのあいだにはおおきなさがある). The temperature difference is significant「温度の差が大きい」(おんどのさがおおきい). Additionally, '差' can also be used in mathematical contexts to denote the result of subtraction, as in 'the difference between 10 and 6 is 4'「10と6の差は4です」(じゅうとろくのさはよんです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1192

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Accompany, Date

Reading

Kanji

付Attach 合Fit, Match

Explanation

The Japanese verb '付き合う (つきあう)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to accompany' or 'to go along with someone', often used when someone joins another person in an activity or event. For example: I will accompany you to the station「駅まで付き合います」(えきまでつきあいます). The second meaning is 'to date' or 'to be in a romantic relationship'. For example: They have been dating for two years「彼らは2年間付き合っています」(かれらはにねんかんつきあっています). The verb can also imply spending time together in a social or supportive context, such as helping someone with a task. For example: I will help you with your work「仕事に付き合います」(しごとにつきあいます).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1193

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Straight

Reading

Kanji

真Truth 直Straight, Repair

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '真っ直ぐ (まっすぐ)' means 'straight'. It is used to describe something that is direct, without curves or bends, or to describe someone acting honestly or straightforwardly. For example: go straight「真っ直ぐ行ってください」(まっすぐいってください). He is a straightforward person「彼は真っ直ぐな人です」(かれはまっすぐなひとです). This word can also imply moral uprightness or sincerity in behavior.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1194

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Advance, Proceed

Reading

Kanji

進Advance

Explanation

The Japanese verb '進める (すすめる)' primarily means 'to advance' or 'to proceed'. It is used to describe moving something forward, whether physically, in a process, or in a discussion. For example: let's proceed with the plan「計画を進めましょう」(けいかくをすすめましょう). He advanced the project「彼はプロジェクトを進めた」(かれはプロジェクトをすすめた). This verb can also be used in contexts like advancing a piece in a game or progressing in a task. Note that it is transitive, meaning it requires a direct object to indicate what is being advanced or proceeded with.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1197

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Assets

Reading

Kanji

資Capital, Resources 産Give birth

Explanation

The Japanese noun '資産 (しさん)' refers to 'assets' in the sense of valuable resources or property owned by an individual, company, or organization. It is commonly used in financial, business, and legal contexts to describe things like money, real estate, investments, or other valuables. For example: He has a lot of assets「彼は多くの資産を持っている」(かれはおおくのしさんをもっている). The company's assets increased「会社の資産が増えた」(かいしゃのしさんがふえた). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe non-material assets, such as skills or knowledge, though this is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1198

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Nerve

Reading

Kanji

神God 経Manage, Elapse

Explanation

The Japanese noun '神経 (しんけい)' primarily means 'nerve' in the biological sense, referring to the fibers that transmit impulses of sensation and motion between the brain or spinal cord and other parts of the body. It can also be used metaphorically to describe sensitivity or attention to detail in various contexts. For example: He has a lot of nerve「彼は神経が太い」(かれはしんけいがふとい). She is very sensitive to noise「彼女は音に神経が細い」(かのじょはおとにしんけいがほそい). In medical contexts, it is often used to discuss conditions or treatments related to the nervous system, such as '神経痛 (しんけいつう)' which means 'neuralgia'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1201

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

After

Reading

Kanji

以By means of 降Descend, Fall

Explanation

The Japanese noun '以降 (いこう)' means 'after' or 'from a certain point onward'. It is used to indicate a time or event that marks the beginning of a period, and everything that follows it. This word is often used in formal or written contexts. For example: after 5 PM「5時以降」(ごじいこう). From tomorrow onward「明日以降」(あしたいこう). It can also be used to refer to events or situations that occur after a specific point in time, such as 'after the war'「戦争以降」(せんそういこう). Note that '以降' is typically used for time-related contexts and is more formal than other similar words like '後 (あと)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1209

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Resemble

Reading

Kanji

似Resemble

Explanation

The Japanese verb '似ている (にている)' means 'to resemble' or 'to be similar'. It is used to describe a likeness or similarity between two things, people, or situations. This verb is often used in comparisons, such as when saying someone looks like another person or when two objects share similar characteristics. For example: she resembles her mother「彼女は母親に似ている」(かのじょはははおやににている). These two paintings are similar「この二つの絵は似ている」(このふたつのえはにている). The verb is typically used in its te-form (似ている) to indicate a state of resemblance or similarity.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1211

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Life

Reading

Kanji

生Life 命Command, Life

Explanation

The Japanese noun '生命 (せいめい)' refers to 'life' in the sense of living existence, vitality, or the essence of being alive. It is often used in contexts related to biology, philosophy, or spirituality. For example: Life is precious「生命は大切です」(せいめいはたいせつです). The origin of life is a mystery「生命の起源は謎です」(せいめいのきげんはなぞです). This word carries a profound and somewhat formal tone, distinguishing it from more casual terms like '命 (いのち)', which also means 'life' but is used in everyday contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1219

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Suddenly

Reading

Kanji

突Stab, Dash 然Sort of thing, In that case

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '突然 (とつぜん)' means 'suddenly'. It is used to describe an action or event that occurs without warning or unexpectedly. This word is often used in both spoken and written Japanese to emphasize the abruptness of an occurrence. For example: Suddenly, it started raining「突然、雨が降り始めた」(とつぜん、あめがふりはじめた). He suddenly appeared「彼は突然現れた」(かれはとつぜんあらわれた). The word can also be used to describe sudden changes in situations or emotions, such as '突然の変化 (とつぜんのへんか)' (sudden change).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1221

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Homework

Reading

Kanji

宿Lodging 題Topic

Explanation

The Japanese noun '宿題 (しゅくだい)' means 'homework'. It refers to tasks or assignments given to students to complete outside of class. This word is commonly used in educational contexts and is often associated with schoolwork. For example: I have a lot of homework「宿題がたくさんある」(しゅくだいがたくさんある). Did you finish your homework?「宿題は終わった？」(しゅくだいはおわった？). The word can also be used more broadly to refer to any pending task or responsibility, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1222

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rejoice

Reading

Kanji

喜Rejoice

Explanation

The Japanese verb '喜ぶ (よろこぶ)' means 'to rejoice' or 'to be delighted'. It is used to express happiness or joy in response to something positive, such as good news, a gift, or an achievement. This verb can be used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: She rejoiced at the news「彼女はその知らせを喜んだ」(かのじょはそのしらせをよろこんだ). We were delighted with the gift「私たちはその贈り物を喜んだ」(わたしたちはそのおくりものをよろこんだ). The verb can also be used to describe someone's general state of happiness, as in 'He is always rejoicing'「彼はいつも喜んでいる」(かれはいつもよろこんでいる).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1230

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Midway, On the way

Reading

Kanji

途Way, Route 中Center

Explanation

The Japanese noun '途中 (とちゅう)' refers to a point or period during the course of something, such as a journey, process, or event. It can mean 'midway' or 'on the way' and is often used to indicate that something is incomplete or ongoing. For example: I fell asleep midway through the movie「映画の途中で寝てしまった」(えいがのとちゅうでねてしまった). We stopped for lunch on the way to the station「駅に行く途中で昼ご飯を食べた」(えきにいくとちゅうでひるごはんをたべた). This word is commonly used in both literal and figurative contexts to describe being in the middle of an action or journey.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1238

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hurrah, Long live

Reading

Kanji

万Ten thousand 歳Year, Years old

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '万歳 (ばんざい)' is used to express joy, celebration, or triumph. It is often shouted to cheer or celebrate something, similar to 'hurrah' or 'hooray' in English. Additionally, it can be used to wish someone or something a long life, akin to 'long live'. For example: Hurrah! We won!「万歳！勝った！」(ばんざい！かった！). Long live the king!「王様万歳！」(おうさまばんざい！). The word is commonly used in celebratory contexts, such as festivals, victories, or significant achievements.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1239

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Twenty years old

Reading

Kanji

二Two 十Ten 歳Year, Years old

Explanation

The Japanese noun '二十歳 (はたち)' specifically refers to the age of 20 years old. In Japan, turning 20 is a significant milestone as it marks the age of adulthood, celebrated during the Coming of Age Day (成人の日, せいじんのひ). This term is often used in contexts related to legal adulthood, responsibilities, and celebrations. For example: She turned 20 this year「彼女は今年二十歳になった」(かのじょはことしはたちになった). In Japan, you become an adult at 20「日本では二十歳で成人になる」(にほんでははたちでせいじんになる).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1241

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

They

Reading

Kanji

彼Third person pronoun, He

Explanation

The Japanese noun '彼ら (かれら)' means 'they'. It is used to refer to a group of people, typically males or a mixed-gender group, in the third person. This word is gender-neutral in modern usage but historically leaned toward referring to males. For example: They are coming「彼らが来ています」(かれらがきています). They are my friends「彼らは私の友達です」(かれらはわたしのともだちです). Note that '彼ら' is plural, and for singular 'he', the word '彼 (かれ)' is used. In informal contexts, '彼ら' can sometimes be replaced with 'あの人たち (あのひとたち)' or simply omitted if the context is clear.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1246

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stomach, Abdomen

Reading

Kanji

腹Abdomen

Explanation

The Japanese noun '腹 (はら)' primarily refers to the 'stomach' or 'abdomen', the part of the body containing the digestive organs. It can also be used metaphorically to describe one's feelings or emotions, such as anger or determination, as in '腹が立つ (はらがたつ)', which means 'to get angry'. Example sentences: My stomach hurts「腹が痛い」(はらがいたい). He has a strong will「彼は腹が据わっている」(かれははらがすわっている).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1248

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

System

Reading

Kanji

体Body 制System, Control

Explanation

The Japanese noun '体制 (たいせい)' refers to a 'system' or 'structure', particularly in the context of political, social, or organizational frameworks. It is often used to describe the established order or arrangement of a group, institution, or society. For example: The government is trying to reform the system「政府は体制を改革しようとしている」(せいふはたいせいをかいかくしようとしている). The company has a strict hierarchical system「その会社は厳格な体制を持っている」(そのかいしゃはげんかくなたいせいをもっている). The word can also imply the status quo or the existing order, and it is commonly used in discussions about governance, management, or societal structures.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1253

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Theory

Reading

Kanji

説Theory, Explanation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '説 (せつ)' primarily means 'theory' or 'explanation'. It refers to a systematic explanation of a phenomenon, often based on reasoning or evidence. This word is commonly used in academic, scientific, or philosophical contexts. For example: his theory is interesting「彼の説は面白い」(かれのせつはおもしろい). There are various theories about this phenomenon「この現象について様々な説がある」(このげんしょうについてさまざまなせつがある). Additionally, '説' can sometimes imply a narrative or story, particularly in historical or mythological contexts, but this usage is less common and typically requires additional context to distinguish it from the primary meaning of 'theory'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1255

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Attached

Reading

Kanji

付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '付き (つき)' means 'attached' or 'included'. It is used to indicate that something comes with or is attached to something else. This suffix is often used in contexts like facilities, services, or features that are included with a product or place. For example: a room with a bathroom attached「バスルーム付きの部屋」(バスルームつきのへや). A meal with dessert included「デザート付きの食事」(デザートつきのしょくじ). It can also imply a sense of accompaniment or association, such as in 'guide attached'「ガイド付き」(ガイドつき). Note that '付き' is often written in hiragana when used as a suffix, but it can also appear as part of compound words written in kanji, such as '手付き (てつき)' (hand movements).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1259

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Natural, Nature

Reading

Kanji

自Self 然Sort of thing, In that case

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '自然 (しぜん)' can mean both 'nature' and 'natural'. When used to mean 'nature', it refers to the physical world and its phenomena, such as plants, animals, landscapes, and natural processes. For example: I love nature「私は自然が大好きです」(わたしはしぜんがだいすきです). When used to mean 'natural', it describes something that occurs without human intervention or is inherent. For example: This food is natural「この食べ物は自然です」(このたべものはしぜんです). The word can also imply spontaneity or something being unforced, as in '自然な笑顔 (しぜんなえがお) (natural smile)'. It is important to note that the meaning depends on the context in which it is used.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1260

Composition

kanji

Handwriting