Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Kanji JLPT Level

word

Meaning

Government

Reading

Kanji

政Government, Politics 権Rights, Authority

Explanation

The Japanese noun '政権 (せいけん)' refers to a 'government' or 'political administration'. It specifically denotes the ruling authority or the group in power that governs a country or region. This term is often used in political discussions or news to describe the current administration or regime. For example: The government announced new policies「政権が新しい政策を発表した」(せいけんがあたらしいせいさくをはっぴょうした). The opposition criticized the government「野党が政権を批判した」(やとうがせいけんをひはんした). The term can also imply the authority or control held by a political party or leader.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1828

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Effort

Reading

Kanji

努Toil 力Power

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '努力 (どりょく)' means 'effort'. It refers to the act of striving or working hard towards a goal. This word is often used in contexts where perseverance and dedication are emphasized. For example: He made an effort to learn Japanese「彼は日本語を学ぶために努力した」(かれはにほんごをまなぶためにどりょくした). Without effort, success is impossible「努力なしでは成功は不可能だ」(どりょくなしではせいこうはふかのうだ). The word can also be used in phrases like '努力家 (どりょくか)', which means 'hard worker' or 'diligent person'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1831

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Get used

Reading

Kanji

慣Accustomed

Explanation

The Japanese verb '慣れる (なれる)' means 'to get used to' or 'to become accustomed to'. It is used to describe the process of becoming familiar with something, such as a new environment, situation, or habit. For example: I got used to the new job「新しい仕事に慣れた」(あたらしいしごとになれた). She is getting used to living alone「彼女は一人暮らしに慣れつつある」(かのじょはひとりぐらしになれつつある). This verb is often used in contexts where someone adapts to changes or new circumstances over time.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1836

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Processing, Disposal

Reading

Kanji

処Deal with 理Reason

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '処理 (しょり)' primarily means 'processing' or 'disposal', depending on the context. It refers to the act of handling, managing, or dealing with something systematically. In a technical or industrial context, it often refers to data processing or material processing. In everyday usage, it can also mean the disposal of waste or resolving a situation. For example: data processing is important「データの処理は重要です」(データのしょりはじゅうようです). Please dispose of the garbage properly「ゴミを適切に処理してください」(ゴミをてきせつにしょりしてください). The nuance of '処理' often implies a systematic or methodical approach to handling tasks or materials.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1837

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Flow, Cancel

Reading

Kanji

流Flow

Explanation

The Japanese verb '流す (ながす)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to flow', which refers to the movement of liquids or substances in a continuous stream. For example: The river flows gently「川が優しく流れる」(かわがやさしくながれる). The second meaning is 'to cancel' or 'to let go', often used in contexts like canceling plans or letting something pass without action. For example: He decided to cancel the meeting「彼は会議を流すことにした」(かれはかいぎをながすことにした). The verb can also be used metaphorically, such as letting emotions flow or letting a situation pass without intervention.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1842

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Invitation

Reading

Kanji

招Invite 待Wait

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '招待 (しょうたい)' means 'invitation'. It refers to the act of inviting someone to an event, gathering, or occasion. This word is commonly used in formal and informal contexts, such as inviting someone to a party, meeting, or ceremony. For example: I received an invitation to the wedding「結婚式の招待を受けた」(けっこんしきのしょうたいをうけた). Please send an invitation to the guests「ゲストに招待状を送ってください」(ゲストにしょうたいじょうをおくってください). Note that '招待' can also be used as a verb in its stem form, such as '招待する (しょうたいする)', meaning 'to invite'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1846

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Everyone

Reading

Kanji

皆All

Explanation

The Japanese noun '皆さん (みなさん)' is a polite and respectful way to address or refer to a group of people, meaning 'everyone' or 'all of you'. It is commonly used in formal or polite situations, such as speeches, announcements, or when addressing an audience. For example: Good morning, everyone!「皆さん、おはようございます！」(みなさん、おはようございます). Thank you, everyone, for coming today「皆さん、今日は来てくれてありがとうございます」(みなさん、きょうはきてくれてありがとうございます). The term is inclusive and conveys a sense of respect towards the group being addressed.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1851

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Everyone

Reading

Kanji

皆All 様Way, Form

Explanation

The Japanese noun '皆様 (みなさま)' is a polite and respectful way to refer to 'everyone' or 'all of you'. It is often used in formal settings, speeches, or when addressing a group of people with respect. For example: Thank you, everyone「皆様、ありがとうございます」(みなさま、ありがとうございます). Everyone, please take care「皆様、お気をつけてください」(みなさま、おきをつけてください). The term is more formal than '皆 (みな)' and is commonly used in written communication or formal announcements.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1853

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reporter

Reading

Kanji

記Record 者Someone

Explanation

The Japanese noun '記者 (きしゃ)' refers to a 'reporter' or 'journalist', someone who gathers and reports news. This term is commonly used in the context of news media, such as newspapers, television, and online platforms. For example: The reporter asked many questions「記者はたくさんの質問をした」(きしゃはたくさんのしつもんをした). She works as a reporter for a newspaper「彼女は新聞の記者として働いている」(かのじょはしんぶんのきしゃとしてはたらいている). The word is neutral and can refer to reporters in any field, including politics, sports, or entertainment.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1856

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Prime minister

Reading

Kanji

首Neck 相Mutual

Explanation

The Japanese noun '首相 (しゅしょう)' refers to the 'prime minister', who is the head of government in Japan. This term is specifically used to denote the leader of the cabinet and the chief executive of the country. The prime minister is appointed by the emperor after being designated by the National Diet. For example: The prime minister held a press conference「首相は記者会見を行った」(しゅしょうはきしゃかいけんをおこなった). The prime minister visited the disaster area「首相は被災地を訪れた」(しゅしょうはひさいちをおとずれた). It's important to note that '首相' is a formal title and is used in both written and spoken contexts when referring to the head of the government.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1857

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Love

Reading

Kanji

愛Love

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '愛 (あい)' means 'love'. It refers to a deep feeling of affection, care, or attachment towards someone or something. This word is often used in both romantic and non-romantic contexts, such as love for family, friends, or even hobbies. For example: I love my family「私は家族を愛しています」(わたしはかぞくをあいしています). Love is important in life「愛は人生で大切です」(あいはじんせいでたいせつです). The word can also be used in compound words like '愛犬 (あいけん)' (beloved dog) or '愛国心 (あいこくしん)' (patriotism).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1858

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Public

Reading

Kanji

公Public 共Together

Explanation

The Japanese noun '公共 (こうきょう)' refers to something that is related to the community or society as a whole, often implying a sense of shared responsibility or common interest. It is commonly used in contexts involving public services, facilities, or welfare. For example: public transportation「公共の交通機関」(こうきょうのこうつうきかん). Public safety is important「公共の安全は大切です」(こうきょうのあんぜんはたいせつです). This term emphasizes the collective aspect of society and is often used in formal or official contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1859

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Background

Reading

Kanji

背Back, Height 景Scene

Explanation

The Japanese noun '背景 (はいけい)' primarily means 'background'. It can refer to the physical background of a scene or image, such as in photography or art, or the contextual background of a situation, such as historical, social, or personal circumstances. For example: The background of the photo is beautiful「写真の背景は美しい」(しゃしんのはいけいはうつくしい). Understanding the historical background is important「歴史的背景を理解することが重要だ」(れきしてきはいけいをりかいすることがじゅうようだ). This word is versatile and can be used in various contexts to describe the setting or circumstances surrounding a subject.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1877

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Excel

Reading

Kanji

優Superior, Gentle

Explanation

The Japanese verb '優れる (すぐれる)' means 'to excel' or 'to be superior'. It is used to describe something or someone that stands out due to exceptional quality, ability, or performance. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as academic, professional, or artistic fields. For example: he excels in mathematics「彼は数学で優れている」(かれはすうがくですぐれている). This product excels in quality「この製品は品質で優れている」(このせいひんはひんしつですぐれている). It's important to note that '優れる' is often used in its past tense form '優れた (すぐれた)' to describe something that is outstanding or excellent, as in '優れた才能 (すぐれたさいのう) (excellent talent)'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1878

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Erase, Turn off

Reading

Kanji

消Extinguish

Explanation

The Japanese verb '消す (けす)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to erase', which refers to removing something written or drawn, such as erasing a mistake on paper. For example: I erased the mistake「間違いを消した」(まちがいをけした). The second meaning is 'to turn off', which refers to stopping the operation of a device or extinguishing a light or fire. For example: Please turn off the light「電気を消してください」(でんきをけしてください). The context usually makes it clear which meaning is intended, as the verb is versatile and widely used in everyday situations.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1886

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stage

Reading

Kanji

舞Dance 台Pedestal, Machine

Explanation

The Japanese noun '舞台 (ぶたい)' primarily means 'stage' as in a physical platform where performances take place. It is commonly used in contexts related to theater, concerts, and other performances. For example: The actor stood on the stage「俳優は舞台に立った」(はいゆうはぶたいにたった). The play will be performed on this stage「この舞台でその劇が上演される」(このぶたいでそのげきがじょうえんされる). Additionally, '舞台' can metaphorically refer to a setting or scene where significant events occur, such as in '人生の舞台 (じんせいのぶたい)' (the stage of life). This word is versatile and deeply embedded in both literal and figurative Japanese expressions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1894

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Win

Reading

Kanji

勝Victory

Explanation

The Japanese verb '勝つ (かつ)' means 'to win'. It is used to describe achieving victory in a competition, game, or any situation where there is a contest or struggle. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as sports, battles, or even personal challenges. For example: I won the game「試合に勝った」(しあいにかつった). He always wins「彼はいつも勝つ」(かれはいつもかつ). The verb can also imply overcoming difficulties or prevailing in a situation, as in '困難に勝つ (こんなんにかつ) (to overcome difficulties)'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1896

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Good, Pride

Reading

Kanji

得Acquire 意Idea

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '得意 (とくい)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'good', referring to being skilled or proficient at something. For example: I am good at math「私は数学が得意です」(わたしはすうがくがとくいです). The second meaning is 'pride', referring to something one takes pride in or is proud of. For example: This dish is my pride「この料理は私の得意です」(このりょうりはわたしのとくいです). The word is often used to describe skills, abilities, or areas of expertise, and can also imply a sense of confidence or satisfaction in one's abilities.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1897

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Float, Come to mind

Reading

Kanji

浮Float

Explanation

The Japanese verb '浮かぶ (うかぶ)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'to float', referring to something physically rising or staying on the surface of a liquid or in the air. For example: the boat floats on the water「ボートが水に浮かぶ」(ボートがみずにうかぶ). The second meaning is 'to come to mind', referring to an idea, thought, or memory appearing in one's consciousness. For example: a good idea came to mind「いいアイデアが浮かんだ」(いいアイデアがうかんだ). The verb is versatile and can be used in both literal and figurative contexts. Note that the past tense form is '浮かんだ (うかんだ)'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1898

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Convenience, Circumstances

Reading

Kanji

都Metropolis 合Fit, Match

Explanation

The Japanese noun '都合 (つごう)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'circumstances,' referring to the conditions or factors affecting a situation. For example: Due to unforeseen circumstances, the event was canceled「都合により、イベントは中止されました」(つごうにより、イベントはちゅうしされました). The second meaning is 'convenience,' referring to what is suitable or practical for someone. For example: Please let me know your convenience「ご都合をお知らせください」(ごつごうをおしらせください). This word is often used in formal or polite contexts to discuss schedules, availability, or reasons for decisions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1900

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Crisis

Reading

Kanji

危Dangerous 機Machine, Opportunity

Explanation

The Japanese noun '危機 (きき)' means 'crisis'. It refers to a time of intense difficulty, trouble, or danger, often requiring immediate action or decision. This word is commonly used in contexts such as economic crises, environmental crises, or personal crises. For example: The country is facing an economic crisis「その国は経済危機に直面している」(そのくにはけいざいききにちょくめんしている). We must act quickly to avoid a crisis「危機を避けるために迅速に行動しなければならない」(ききをさけるためにじんそくにこうどうしなければならない). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe a critical turning point or moment of decision.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1904

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sun

Reading

Kanji

太Thick, Fat 陽Sunshine

Explanation

The Japanese noun '太陽 (たいよう)' means 'sun'. It refers to the star at the center of our solar system, which provides light and heat to Earth. This word is commonly used in both scientific and everyday contexts. For example: The sun is bright today「今日の太陽は明るい」(きょうのたいようはあかるい). The sun rises in the east「太陽は東から昇る」(たいようはひがしからのぼる). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something or someone as a source of light or energy, such as in the phrase '彼は私の太陽 (かれはわたしのたいよう)' (He is my sun).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1911

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wife, Madam

Reading

Kanji

夫Man, Husband 人Person

Explanation

The Japanese noun '夫人 (ふじん)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'wife', specifically referring to someone's wife, often in a formal or respectful context. For example: the president's wife「大統領の夫人」(だいとうりょうのふじん). The second meaning is 'madam', used as a polite or formal way to address or refer to a woman, particularly one of high status. For example: Madam Tanaka is here「田中夫人がいらっしゃいます」(たなかふじんがいらっしゃいます). This term is often used in formal settings or when showing respect.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1914

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mutual

Reading

Kanji

相Mutual 互Mutual

Explanation

The Japanese noun '相互 (そうご)' means 'mutual' or 'reciprocal'. It is used to describe a relationship or action that involves two or more parties affecting each other in a similar way. This term is often used in contexts like mutual understanding, mutual respect, or mutual agreement. For example: mutual understanding「相互理解」(そうごりかい). mutual respect「相互尊重」(そうごそんちょう). It can also be used in more formal or technical contexts, such as in discussions about mutual benefits or mutual agreements between organizations or countries.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1915

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Walk

Reading

Kanji

散Scatter 歩Walk

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '散歩 (さんぽ)' means 'walk' or 'stroll'. It refers to the act of walking leisurely, often for relaxation, exercise, or enjoyment. This word is commonly used to describe a casual walk, such as taking a stroll in a park or around the neighborhood. For example: I took a walk in the park「公園で散歩しました」(こうえんでさんぽしました). Let's go for a walk「散歩に行きましょう」(さんぽにいきましょう). It can also be used to describe walking a pet, as in '犬の散歩 (いぬのさんぽ) (walking the dog)'. Note that '散歩' implies a relaxed and unhurried pace, unlike more purposeful walking like commuting or hiking.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1921

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Postcard

Reading

Kanji

絵Picture 葉Leaf 書Write

Explanation

The Japanese noun '絵葉書 (えはがき)' refers to a 'postcard', specifically one that features a picture or illustration, often used for sending messages or greetings. This term combines '絵 (え)' meaning 'picture' and '葉書 (はがき)' meaning 'postcard'. It is commonly used in contexts where people send illustrated postcards from travel destinations or special occasions. For example: I bought a postcard at the museum「博物館で絵葉書を買いました」(はくぶつかんでえはがきをかいました). She sent me a beautiful postcard from Kyoto「彼女は京都からきれいな絵葉書を送ってくれました」(かのじょはきょうとからきれいなえはがきをおくってくれました).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1931

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Turn, Pass

Reading

Kanji

回Revolve, Times

Explanation

The Japanese verb '回す (まわす)' primarily means 'to turn' or 'to rotate' something, such as turning a knob or rotating an object. It can also mean 'to pass' something around, like passing a document or an item to someone else. For example: turn the handle「ハンドルを回す」(ハンドルをまわす). Please pass the salt「塩を回してください」(しおをまわしてください). This verb is versatile and can be used in various contexts, both literal and figurative, to indicate the action of turning or passing.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1937

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Occupation

Reading

Kanji

職Employment 業Business

Explanation

The Japanese noun '職業 (しょくぎょう)' means 'occupation' or 'profession'. It refers to a person's job or the type of work they do to earn a living. This word is commonly used in formal or everyday contexts to discuss careers, employment, or vocational topics. For example: What is your occupation?「あなたの職業は何ですか？」(あなたのしょくぎょうはなんですか？). Teaching is a rewarding occupation「教えることはやりがいのある職業です」(おしえることはやりがいのあるしょくぎょうです). The word can also be used in broader contexts, such as discussing career choices or societal roles.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1940

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Park

Reading

Kanji

公Public 園Garden

Explanation

The Japanese noun '公園 (こうえん)' means 'park'. It refers to a public area of land with grass, trees, and often playgrounds or walking paths, where people can relax, play, or enjoy nature. This word is commonly used to describe urban parks, national parks, or any designated recreational area. For example: Let's go to the park「公園に行きましょう」(こうえんにいきましょう). The park is beautiful in spring「公園は春に美しい」(こうえんははるにうつくしい). It can also be used in compound words like '動物公園 (どうぶつこうえん)' (zoo) or '国立公園 (こくりつこうえん)' (national park).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1946

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exclude

Reading

Kanji

除Exclude, Remove

Explanation

The Japanese verb '除く (のぞく)' primarily means 'to exclude' or 'to remove'. It is used to indicate that something or someone is being left out or omitted from a group, list, or consideration. For example: Please exclude him from the list「彼をリストから除いてください」(かれをリストからのぞいてください). This rule applies to everyone, excluding children「このルールは子供を除いて全員に適用されます」(このルールはこどもをのぞいてぜんいんにてきようされます). Additionally, '除く' can sometimes imply 'except for' or 'apart from', as in: All members, excluding the president, attended the meeting「会長を除いて全員が会議に出席しました」(かいちょうをのぞいてぜんいんがかいぎにしゅっせきしました).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1947

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Woman

Reading

Kanji

婦Lady

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '婦 (ふ)' is used to denote a woman, often in a formal or respectful context. It is commonly appended to other words to specify a type of woman, such as in professional or social roles. For example: a housewife「主婦」(しゅふ). a nurse「看護婦」(かんごふ). It's important to note that while '婦' is traditionally used, some terms are being updated to more gender-neutral language, such as '看護師' (かんごし) for nurse, replacing '看護婦'.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1955

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

As expected

Reading

Kanji

流Flow 石Stone

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '流石 (さすが)' is used to express admiration or acknowledgment of someone's abilities, qualities, or actions, often implying that the outcome is as expected given their reputation or skill. It carries a nuance of respect and sometimes surprise. For example: As expected of you, you solved it quickly「さすがあなた、すぐに解決しましたね」(さすがあなた、すぐにかいけつしましたね). As expected of a professional, the work is flawless「さすがプロ、仕事が完璧だ」(さすがぷろ、しごとがかんぺきだ). Note that 'さすが' is often used in positive contexts to highlight someone's excellence or to acknowledge their efforts.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1957

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Grow

Reading

Kanji

育Raise, Grow

Explanation

The Japanese verb '育つ (そだつ)' means 'to grow' or 'to be raised'. It is used to describe the natural process of growth, development, or maturation of living things, such as plants, animals, or people. It can also refer to being raised or brought up in a particular environment. For example: The plants grew well「植物がよく育った」(しょくぶつがよくそだった). He grew up in the countryside「彼は田舎で育った」(かれはいなかでそだった). This verb often implies a natural or gradual process of development over time.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1958

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cold

Reading

Kanji

寒Cold

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '寒い (さむい)' means 'cold'. It is primarily used to describe weather or a physical sensation of coldness. For example: It's cold today「今日は寒い」(きょうはさむい). I feel cold「寒いです」(さむいです). This word is often used to describe the temperature of the environment or how a person feels due to low temperatures. It can also be used metaphorically to describe a situation or atmosphere that feels emotionally cold or unwelcoming, though this usage is less common. For example: The room felt cold「部屋が寒い感じがした」(へやがさむいかんじがした).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1961

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cold

Reading

Kanji

冷Cold

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '冷たい (つめたい)' primarily means 'cold' and is used to describe something that has a low temperature, such as cold water or cold weather. It can also describe a person's attitude or behavior as being emotionally cold or distant. For example: The water is cold「水が冷たい」(みずがつめたい). She gave me a cold look「彼女は冷たい目をした」(かのじょはつめたいめをした). This word is commonly used in everyday conversations to describe both physical and emotional coldness.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1962

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Job, Profession

Reading

Kanji

職Employment

Explanation

The Japanese noun '職 (しょく)' refers to one's job, occupation, or profession. It is commonly used to describe the type of work someone does or their role in a workplace. For example: I am looking for a new job「新しい職を探しています」(あたらしいしょくをさがしています). His profession is a teacher「彼の職は教師です」(かれのしょくはきょうしです). The word can also be used in compound words, such as '転職 (てんしょく)' (changing jobs) or '職業 (しょくぎょう)' (occupation). It is important to note that '職' often carries a formal tone and is typically used in professional or official contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1963

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Broadcast

Reading

Kanji

放Release 送Send

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '放送 (ほうそう)' means 'broadcast'. It refers to the transmission of audio or video content to a wide audience via radio, television, or other media platforms. This word is commonly used in contexts related to media, entertainment, and communication. For example: The news will be broadcast at 7 PM「ニュースは7時に放送されます」(ニュースはしちじにほうそうされます). I watched a live broadcast of the concert「コンサートの生放送を見ました」(コンサートのなまほうそうをみました). The term can also be used metaphorically to describe the dissemination of information or ideas.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1964

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Grieve

Reading

Kanji

悲Sad

Explanation

The Japanese verb '悲しむ (かなしむ)' means 'to grieve' or 'to feel sorrow'. It is used to express deep sadness or mourning, often in response to a loss or unfortunate event. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as personal grief or empathy for others. For example: She grieved over her lost dog「彼女は亡くなった犬を悲しんだ」(かのじょはなくなったいぬをかなしんだ). We grieve for the victims of the disaster「私たちは災害の犠牲者を悲しむ」(わたしたちはさいがいのぎせいしゃをかなしむ). The verb can also be used in a more general sense to describe feeling sorrow or sadness about a situation, as in 'He grieved over his failure'「彼は自分の失敗を悲しんだ」(かれはじぶんのしっぱいをかなしんだ).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1969

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Merely

Reading

Kanji

単Simple, Single

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '単に (たんに)' means 'merely' or 'simply'. It is used to indicate that something is done or exists in a straightforward, uncomplicated manner, without any additional factors or complexities. It often emphasizes the simplicity or minimal nature of an action or state. For example: He is merely a student「彼は単に学生です」(かれはたんにがくせいです). This is simply a misunderstanding「これは単に誤解です」(これはたんにごかいです). The word can also be used to downplay the significance of something, as in '単に興味があるだけ (たんにきょうみがあるだけ) (I am merely interested).'

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1970

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Most

Reading

Kanji

最Most

Explanation

The Japanese noun '最 (さい)' means 'most' and is often used as a prefix to indicate the highest degree or extreme of something. It is commonly used in compound words to emphasize the superlative form. For example: the most important「最重要」(さいじゅうよう). The best「最良」(さいりょう). It can also be used in phrases like 'the most beautiful'「最も美しい」(もっともうつくしい). Note that '最' is rarely used alone and is typically part of a compound word or phrase to convey the idea of being the utmost or extreme in a particular context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1972

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Art museum

Reading

Kanji

美Beautiful 術Art, Technique 館Building

Explanation

The Japanese noun '美術館 (びじゅつかん)' means 'art museum'. It refers to a facility or institution where works of art, such as paintings, sculptures, and other visual arts, are displayed for public viewing. This word is commonly used when discussing cultural activities, tourism, or education. For example: Let's go to the art museum「美術館に行きましょう」(びじゅつかんにいきましょう). The art museum is closed today「美術館は今日休みです」(びじゅつかんはきょうやすみです). The word is often used in contexts related to appreciating or studying art.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1974

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Beauty salon

Reading

Kanji

美Beautiful 容Contain, Looks 院Institution

Explanation

The Japanese noun '美容院 (びよういん)' refers to a 'beauty salon' or 'hair salon'. This term is specifically used for establishments that offer hair styling, cutting, and other beauty treatments. It is distinct from '床屋 (とこや)', which refers to a traditional barber shop. For example: I went to the beauty salon yesterday「昨日、美容院に行きました」(きのう、びよういんにいきました). She works at a beauty salon「彼女は美容院で働いています」(かのじょはびよういんではたらいています). The word is commonly used in everyday conversation when discussing personal grooming or beauty routines.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1979

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Suddenly

Reading

Kanji

行Go 成Become

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '行成 (いきなり)' means 'suddenly' or 'all of a sudden'. It is used to describe an action or event that occurs without warning or preparation. This word is often used in casual conversation and can carry a nuance of surprise or abruptness. For example: He suddenly started running「彼はいきなり走り出した」(かれはいきなりはしりだした). She suddenly cried「彼女はいきなり泣き出した」(かのじょはいきなりなきだした). Note that 'いきなり' is typically used in situations where the action is unexpected or immediate, and it is not used to describe gradual changes.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1983

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Qualification

Reading

Kanji

資Capital, Resources 格Status

Explanation

The Japanese noun '資格 (しかく)' refers to a qualification, certification, or eligibility for something. It is often used in contexts related to professional or academic credentials, such as licenses, degrees, or certifications. For example: I have a teaching qualification「私は教員の資格を持っています」(わたしはきょういんのしかくをもっています). He obtained a qualification in engineering「彼は工学の資格を取得しました」(かれはこうがくのしかくをしゅとくしました). The word can also imply eligibility or the right to do something, such as having the qualification to vote「投票する資格がある」(とうひょうするしかくがある).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1984

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Instruction

Reading

Kanji

指Finger 示Show, Indicate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '指示 (しじ)' means 'instruction' or 'direction'. It refers to guidance or orders given by someone in authority, such as a boss, teacher, or manual. This word is commonly used in professional, educational, or technical contexts. For example: follow the instructions「指示に従ってください」(しじにしたがってください). The teacher gave clear instructions「先生は明確な指示を出した」(せんせいはめいかくなしじをだした). It can also imply a sense of authority or hierarchy, as the person giving the instructions is typically in a position of power or expertise.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1986

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Achievement, Result

Reading

Kanji

成Become 果Fruit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '成果 (せいか)' refers to the outcome or result of efforts, often implying a positive or successful achievement. It is commonly used in professional, academic, or personal contexts to describe tangible or measurable results. For example: The results of the project were impressive「プロジェクトの成果は素晴らしかった」(ぷろじぇくとのせいかはすばらしかった). His hard work led to great achievements「彼の努力は大きな成果をもたらした」(かれのどりょくはおおきなせいかをもたらした). Note that '成果' emphasizes the tangible or visible outcome of effort, distinguishing it from abstract concepts like 'effort' or 'process'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1989

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Regrettable

Reading

Kanji

残Remainder 念Thought

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '残念 (ざんねん)' means 'regrettable' or 'disappointing'. It is used to express a feeling of disappointment or regret about a situation, outcome, or event. This word is often used in contexts where something did not go as planned or when something unfortunate happens. For example: It's regrettable that the event was canceled「イベントが中止になって残念です」(イベントがちゅうしになってざんねんです). I'm disappointed that I couldn't meet you「会えなくて残念です」(あえなくてざんねんです). The word can also be used to politely express sympathy or disappointment on behalf of someone else, such as '残念ながら (ざんねんながら)', which means 'unfortunately'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1992

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Record

Reading

Kanji

記Record

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '記 (き)' means 'record' or 'chronicle'. It is commonly attached to nouns to indicate a written account, documentation, or record of something. For example: a travel record「旅行記」(りょこうき). A historical record「歴史記」(れきしき). This suffix is often used in formal or literary contexts to denote a systematic or detailed account of events, experiences, or information. It can also imply a sense of permanence or importance in the documentation.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1994

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Back

Reading

Kanji

背Back, Height 中Center

Explanation

The Japanese noun '背中 (せなか)' refers to the 'back' of a person or animal. It specifically denotes the rear part of the body from the neck to the waist. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation and can be used in various contexts, such as describing physical posture, pain, or even metaphorical situations. For example: His back is straight「彼の背中はまっすぐだ」(かれのせなかはまっすぐだ). I have a pain in my back「背中が痛い」(せなかがいたい). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe support or reliance, as in 'I rely on my friend's back'「友達の背中に頼る」(ともだちのせなかにたよる).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2000

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Face

Reading

Kanji

向Facing, Yonder

Explanation

The Japanese verb '向く (むく)' primarily means 'to face' or 'to turn toward'. It is used to describe the direction something or someone is facing or turning. This verb can be used both literally and figuratively. For example: he turned toward the door「彼はドアに向いた」(かれはドアにむいた). This job suits me「この仕事は私に向いている」(このしごとはわたしにむいている). In the second example, '向く' is used figuratively to mean 'to be suited for' or 'to be appropriate for'. The verb can also imply suitability or compatibility in certain contexts, such as when describing whether something is a good fit for someone.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2007

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lose

Reading

Kanji

負Defeat

Explanation

The Japanese verb '負ける (まける)' primarily means 'to lose' in the context of a competition, game, or conflict. It can also imply yielding or giving in to someone or something. This verb is commonly used in both casual and formal settings. For example: I lost the game「試合に負けた」(しあいにまけた). He gave in to the pressure「彼はプレッシャーに負けた」(かれはぷれっしゃーにまけた). Additionally, '負ける' can sometimes be used metaphorically, such as in the phrase '負けないで (まけないで)', which means 'don't give up' or 'don't lose heart'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2012

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Beginning

Reading

Kanji

初Beginning, First

Explanation

The Japanese noun '初め (はじめ)' means 'beginning'. It refers to the start or commencement of something, such as an event, period, or process. This word is often used in contexts like the start of a new year, a project, or a relationship. For example: at the beginning of the year「年の初めに」(としのはじめに). Let's start from the beginning「初めから始めましょう」(はじめからはじめましょう). It can also imply the first time something is done, as in '初めまして (はじめまして)', which is a common greeting meaning 'Nice to meet you' or 'This is the first time we meet'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2018

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hit, Reach

Reading

Kanji

突Stab, Dash 当Hit, Appropriate

Explanation

The Japanese verb '突き当たる (つきあたる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to hit' or 'to strike', often used when something physically collides with another object. The second meaning is 'to reach' or 'to come to', often used when arriving at a point or conclusion. For example: The car hit the wall「車が壁に突き当たった」(くるまがかべにつきあたった). We reached a dead end「私たちは行き止まりに突き当たった」(わたしたちはいきどまりにつきあたった). The verb can also be used metaphorically to describe encountering a problem or obstacle, as in 'We hit a snag in our plans'「私たちの計画に問題が突き当たった」(わたしたちのけいかくにもんだいがつきあたった).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2019

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

End

Reading

Kanji

突Stab, Dash 当Hit, Appropriate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '突き当たり (つきあたり)' refers to the very end or the farthest point of something, typically a path, road, or corridor. It is often used to describe the point where one can go no further, such as the end of a hallway or a street. For example: The bathroom is at the end of the hallway「トイレは廊下の突き当たりです」(トイレはろうかのつきあたりです). The store is at the end of this street「その店はこの道の突き当たりにあります」(そのみせはこのみちのつきあたりにあります). This word is commonly used in directions or when describing locations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2023

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Excess

Reading

Kanji

過Exceed, Error

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '過ぎ (すぎ)' is used to indicate that something is excessive or has gone beyond a certain limit. It is often attached to the stem of verbs or adjectives to convey this meaning. For example: he ate too much「彼は食べ過ぎた」(かれはたべすぎた). This coffee is too sweet「このコーヒーは甘すぎる」(このコーヒーはあますぎる). The suffix can also be used with nouns to indicate that something is too much of a particular thing, as in '働き過ぎ (はたらきすぎ) (overworking)'. It's important to note that '過ぎ' can also be used as a standalone noun meaning 'excess' or 'surplus', but this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2026

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Need

Reading

Kanji

要Important, Need

Explanation

The Japanese verb '要る (いる)' means 'to need' or 'to require'. It is used to express necessity or requirement for something. This verb is often used in everyday conversation to indicate that something is necessary or indispensable. For example: I need money「お金が要る」(おかねがいる). Do you need help?「助けが要りますか？」(たすけがいりますか？). It is important to note that '要る' is typically used with the particle 'が' to indicate the object that is needed. This verb is distinct from '必要 (ひつよう)', which also means 'need' but is a noun and used in different grammatical structures.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2027

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Staff

Reading

Kanji

職Employment 員Member

Explanation

The Japanese noun '職員 (しょくいん)' refers to 'staff' or 'employees' of an organization, institution, or company. It is commonly used to describe people who work in a professional capacity, such as school staff, hospital staff, or office workers. For example: The staff is very helpful「職員はとても親切です」(しょくいんはとてもしんせつです). The hospital staff works hard「病院の職員は一生懸命働いています」(びょういんのしょくいんはいっしょうけんめいはたらいています). This term is neutral and can be used in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2030

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Thanks

Reading

Kanji

礼Bow, Salute

Explanation

The Japanese noun '礼 (れい)' primarily means 'thanks' or 'gratitude'. It is often used in formal contexts to express appreciation or acknowledgment. This word can also refer to a bow or gesture of respect, which is a common way to show gratitude in Japanese culture. For example: He expressed his thanks「彼は礼を言った」(かれはれいをいった). She bowed in gratitude「彼女は礼をした」(かのじょはれいをした). The word is deeply tied to cultural practices of politeness and respect, making it essential in formal interactions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2032

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Absolutely

Reading

Kanji

絶Break off, Extinction 対Against

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '絶対に (ぜったいに)' means 'absolutely' or 'definitely'. It is used to emphasize the certainty or inevitability of something, often in a strong or emphatic way. This adverb can be used in both positive and negative contexts, such as expressing a firm decision, a strong prohibition, or an unchangeable fact. For example: I will absolutely not go「絶対に行かない」(ぜったいにいかない). This is absolutely delicious「これは絶対においしい」(これはぜったいにおいしい). It is important to note that '絶対に' is often used to convey a sense of finality or unbreakable determination.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2033

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sightseeing

Reading

Kanji

観View 光Light

Explanation

The Japanese noun '観光 (かんこう)' refers to 'sightseeing' or 'tourism'. It is commonly used to describe the activity of visiting places of interest, especially when traveling. This word is often associated with leisure travel and exploring new destinations. For example: We went sightseeing in Kyoto「私たちは京都で観光しました」(わたしたちはきょうとでかんこうしました). Sightseeing is popular in this area「この地域では観光が人気です」(このちいきではかんこうがにんきです). The term can also be used in compound words, such as '観光地 (かんこうち)' (tourist spot) or '観光客 (かんこうきゃく)' (tourist).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2039

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fear

Reading

Kanji

恐Fear

Explanation

The Japanese verb '恐れる (おそれる)' means 'to fear' or 'to be afraid of'. It is used to express a sense of fear, anxiety, or apprehension about something, whether it is a specific object, situation, or outcome. This verb can be used in both literal and figurative contexts. For example: I fear the dark「暗闇を恐れる」(くらやみをおそれる). He fears failure「彼は失敗を恐れている」(かれはしっぱいをおそれている). The verb can also imply a sense of reverence or awe, such as fearing a powerful force or authority. For example: They fear the gods「彼らは神々を恐れている」(かれらはかみがみをおそれている).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2041

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Subject

Reading

Kanji

教Teach 科Section, Department

Explanation

The Japanese noun '教科 (きょうか)' refers to a 'subject' in the context of education, such as a specific field of study taught in school. It is commonly used to describe academic disciplines like mathematics, science, or history. For example: My favorite subject is math「私の好きな教科は数学です」(わたしのすきなきょうかはすうがくです). We have five subjects this semester「今学期は五つの教科があります」(こんがっきはいつつのきょうかがあります). The term is often used in educational settings and is neutral in tone, applicable to both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2045

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rice, Meal

Reading

Kanji

御Honorable, General honorific term 飯Cooked rice, Food

Explanation

The Japanese noun '御飯 (ごはん)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'rice', referring specifically to cooked rice, which is a staple food in Japanese cuisine. The second meaning is 'meal', as rice is often the central component of a traditional Japanese meal. For example: I ate rice「御飯を食べた」(ごはんをたべた). Let's have a meal「御飯を食べましょう」(ごはんをたべましょう). The word can also be used in compound words like '朝御飯 (あさごはん)' meaning 'breakfast' and '晩御飯 (ばんごはん)' meaning 'dinner'. It's important to note that while '御飯' can mean both 'rice' and 'meal', the context usually makes it clear which meaning is intended.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2046

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Seat

Reading

Kanji

座Sit, Seat

Explanation

The Japanese noun '座 (ざ)' primarily means 'seat'. It refers to a place where someone sits, such as in a theater, a meeting, or any gathering. This word is often used in formal contexts or when referring to seating arrangements. For example: Please take your seat「どうぞお座りください」(どうぞおすわりください). The seats in the theater are comfortable「劇場の座は快適です」(げきじょうのざはかいてきです). Additionally, '座' can also refer to a group or association, particularly in traditional Japanese arts like Noh or Kabuki, where it denotes a troupe or guild. For example: He belongs to a famous Noh troupe「彼は有名な能の座に所属しています」(かれはゆうめいなのうのざにしょぞくしています).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2050

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Correct, Fix

Reading

Kanji

直Straight, Repair

Explanation

The Japanese verb '直す (なおす)' has two primary meanings: 'fix' and 'correct'. When used to mean 'fix', it refers to repairing something that is broken or not functioning properly. For example: I will fix the broken chair「壊れた椅子を直します」(こわれたちすをなおします). When used to mean 'correct', it refers to making something right or accurate, such as correcting a mistake. For example: Please correct the error in the document「書類の誤りを直してください」(しょるいのあやまりをなおしてください). The verb is versatile and can be applied to physical objects, situations, or even behaviors. It is often used in both casual and formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2051

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pay

Reading

Kanji

支Branch, Support 払Pay, Drive away

Explanation

The Japanese verb '支払う (しはらう)' means 'to pay'. It is commonly used when referring to the act of paying money for goods, services, or debts. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as paying bills, salaries, or expenses. For example: I will pay the bill「私が請求書を支払います」(わたしがせいきゅうしょをしはらいます). He paid for the meal「彼は食事代を支払った」(かれはしょくじだいをしはらった). The verb is often used with objects like 'お金 (おかね)' (money) or '請求書 (せいきゅうしょ)' (bill) to specify what is being paid.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2056

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pass, Undergo

Reading

Kanji

経Manage, Elapse

Explanation

The Japanese verb '経る (へる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to pass' in the sense of time or a period elapsing. For example: ten years have passed「十年が経った」(じゅうねんがへった). The second meaning is 'to undergo' or 'to go through' an experience or process. For example: he underwent surgery「彼は手術を経た」(かれはしゅじゅつをへた). This verb is often used in formal or written contexts to describe the passage of time or the completion of a process. It can also imply a transformation or change resulting from the experience.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2060

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ideal

Reading

Kanji

理Reason 想Concept

Explanation

The Japanese noun '理想 (りそう)' means 'ideal'. It refers to a standard of perfection or excellence that is often strived for but may not be fully attainable. This word is commonly used in contexts related to personal aspirations, societal goals, or philosophical concepts. For example: his ideal is world peace「彼の理想は世界平和です」(かれのりそうはせかいへいわです). We should aim for the ideal「理想を目指すべきです」(りそうをめざすべきです). The term can also be used in compound words like '理想的な (りそうてきな)' meaning 'idealistic' or '理想的 (りそうてき)' meaning 'ideal' as an adjective.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2063

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Struggle, Battle

Reading

Kanji

戦Fight, War

Explanation

The Japanese noun '戦い (たたかい)' primarily means 'battle' or 'struggle'. It refers to a physical fight, such as a battle between armies, or a metaphorical struggle, such as a personal or internal conflict. For example: The battle was intense「戦いは激しかった」(たたかいははげしかった). He is fighting a struggle against illness「彼は病気との戦いをしている」(かれはびょうきとのたたかいをしている). The word can also be used in broader contexts, such as a 'struggle for survival' or a 'fight for justice'. It is important to note that '戦い' often carries a sense of effort and challenge, whether in a literal or figurative sense.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2075

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Heat, Fever

Reading

Kanji

熱Heat, Temperature

Explanation

The Japanese noun '熱 (ねつ)' can mean both 'heat' and 'fever', depending on the context. When referring to 'heat', it describes the physical property of high temperature, such as in the context of weather or objects. For example: The heat of the sun is strong today「今日は太陽の熱が強い」(きょうはたいようのねつがつよい). When referring to 'fever', it describes a medical condition where the body temperature is elevated. For example: I have a fever「熱があります」(ねつがあります). The word is versatile and its meaning is determined by the surrounding context. It is commonly used in both everyday conversation and medical settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2083

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Refuse

Reading

Kanji

断Decide, Cut off

Explanation

The Japanese verb '断る (ことわる)' means 'to refuse' or 'to decline'. It is used when someone rejects an offer, request, or invitation. This verb often carries a polite connotation, as it is commonly used in formal or respectful situations. For example: I refused the invitation「招待を断りました」(しょうたいをことわりました). He declined the offer「彼はその申し出を断った」(かれはそのもうしでをことわった). It can also imply a firm or decisive refusal, depending on the context. Note that '断る' is often used in situations where the refusal is communicated clearly and respectfully.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2084

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Terrifying

Reading

Kanji

恐Fear

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '恐ろしい (おそろしい)' primarily means 'terrifying' or 'dreadful'. It is used to describe something that evokes fear or horror, often due to its extreme nature or potential danger. This word can be applied to situations, events, or even abstract concepts. For example: The storm was terrifying「嵐は恐ろしかった」(あらしはおそろしかった). The thought of war is dreadful「戦争の考えは恐ろしい」(せんそうのかんがえはおそろしい). Additionally, '恐ろしい' can sometimes be used to express something extreme or astonishing, though this usage is less common. For instance: He is terrifyingly fast「彼は恐ろしく速い」(かれはおそろしくはやい).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2090

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Humankind

Reading

Kanji

人Person 類Kind, Type

Explanation

The Japanese noun '人類 (じんるい)' refers to 'humankind' or 'the human race' as a whole. It is used in contexts discussing humanity collectively, often in scientific, philosophical, or historical discussions. For example: The history of humankind is long「人類の歴史は長い」(じんるいのれきしはながい). Humankind has made great progress「人類は大きな進歩を遂げた」(じんるいはおおきなしんぽをとげた). This term is neutral and can be used in both formal and informal contexts, though it is more common in academic or serious discussions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2091

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exceed, Cross

Reading

Kanji

越Go across, Go beyond

Explanation

The Japanese verb '越える (こえる)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'to exceed' or 'to go beyond', often used in contexts involving limits, boundaries, or expectations. For example: The temperature exceeded 30 degrees「気温が30度を越えた」(きおんが30どをこえた). The second meaning is 'to cross', typically referring to physically crossing over something like a mountain or a border. For example: We crossed the mountain「私たちは山を越えた」(わたしたちはやまをこえた). The verb can also be used metaphorically, such as crossing a threshold or overcoming a challenge. Note that the nuance depends on the context, so pay attention to the object being crossed or exceeded.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2092

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Early, Initial

Reading

Kanji

初Beginning, First 期Time, Period

Explanation

The Japanese noun '初期 (しょき)' refers to the early or initial stage of something, such as a period, process, or development. It is often used to describe the beginning phase of events, projects, or historical eras. For example: the early stages of the project「プロジェクトの初期」(ぷろじぇくとのしょき). In the initial phase of the war「戦争の初期」(せんそうのしょき). This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to emphasize the starting point or early period of a timeline.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2100

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Takeout

Reading

Kanji

取Take 出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese verb '取り出す (とりだす)' means 'to take out' or 'to extract'. It is used when removing something from a container, pocket, or any enclosed space. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as taking out an item from a bag, extracting information, or retrieving something from storage. For example: I took out a book from my bag「私はバッグから本を取り出した」(わたしはバッグからほんをとりだした). He extracted the key from his pocket「彼はポケットから鍵を取り出した」(かれはポケットからかぎをとりだした). The verb is often used in everyday situations and is essential for describing actions involving retrieval or removal.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2103

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Soviet Union

Reading

Kanji

連Take along

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun 'ソ連 (それん)' is an abbreviation for 'ソビエト連邦 (ソビエトれんぽう)', which translates to 'Soviet Union'. It refers to the former socialist state that existed from 1922 to 1991, encompassing much of Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. This term is commonly used in historical or political contexts. For example: The Soviet Union collapsed in 1991「ソ連は1991年に崩壊した」(それんは1991ねんにほうかいした). During the Cold War, the Soviet Union was a superpower「冷戦中、ソ連は超大国だった」(れいせんちゅう、それんはちょうたいこくだった).

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2104

Composition

kanji-katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Command

Reading

Kanji

命Command, Life

Explanation

The Japanese verb '命ずる (めいずる)' means 'to command' or 'to order'. It is a formal and authoritative term used when someone in a position of authority issues a directive or instruction. This verb is often used in official, military, or hierarchical contexts. For example: The general commanded the soldiers to advance「将軍は兵士たちに進撃を命じた」(しょうぐんはへいしたちにしんげきをめいじた). The teacher ordered the students to be quiet「先生は生徒たちに静かにするよう命じた」(せんせいはせいとたちにしずかにするようめいじた). Note that '命ずる' is less commonly used in casual conversation and is typically replaced by simpler verbs like '言う (いう)' or '指示する (しじする)' in everyday speech.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2111

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Both hands

Reading

Kanji

両Both 手Hand

Explanation

The Japanese noun '両手 (りょうて)' means 'both hands'. This term is used to refer to the use or involvement of both hands together, often in activities that require coordination or strength from both hands. It can be used in various contexts, such as physical activities, gestures, or when describing actions that involve both hands. For example: He caught the ball with both hands「彼は両手でボールをキャッチした」(かれはりょうてでぼーるをきゃっちした). Please wash both hands before eating「食べる前に両手を洗ってください」(たべるまえにりょうてをあらってください). The term emphasizes the use of both hands as opposed to just one, highlighting the involvement or necessity of both in the action described.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2121

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Play

Reading

Kanji

遊Play

Explanation

The Japanese noun '遊び (あそび)' means 'play' or 'playing'. It refers to the act of engaging in activities for enjoyment or recreation, often without a specific purpose. This word can be used to describe children playing, adults engaging in hobbies, or even playful interactions. For example: Children are playing in the park「子供たちは公園で遊んでいる」(こどもたちはこうえんであそんでいる). I enjoy playing games「私はゲームで遊ぶのが好きです」(わたしはゲームであそぶのがすきです). Additionally, '遊び' can sometimes imply a sense of leisure or free time, as in '遊びに行く (あそびにいく)' which means 'to go out for fun'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2128

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

One after another

Reading

Kanji

次Next

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '次々 (つぎつぎ)' means 'one after another' or 'in succession'. It is used to describe events, actions, or things happening continuously or in rapid sequence. This word emphasizes the flow or progression of events without interruption. For example: new products are released one after another「新製品が次々と発表される」(しんせいひんがつぎつぎとはっぴょうされる). People entered the room one after another「人々が次々と部屋に入った」(ひとびとがつぎつぎとへやにはいった). The adverb often pairs with particles like 'と' to emphasize the continuous nature of the action.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2131

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Spread, Be conveyed

Reading

Kanji

伝Transmit

Explanation

The Japanese verb '伝わる (つたわる)' primarily means 'to spread' or 'to be conveyed'. It is used to describe the transmission or dissemination of information, news, or cultural elements from one place or person to another. It can also refer to the way something is perceived or understood by others. For example: The news spread quickly「ニュースがすぐに伝わった」(ニュースがすぐにつたわった). The meaning of his words was conveyed clearly「彼の言葉の意味がはっきり伝わった」(かれのことばのいみがはっきりつたわった). This verb is often used in contexts involving communication, culture, or the flow of information.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2134

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bookshelf

Reading

Kanji

本Book, Origin 箱Box

Explanation

The Japanese noun '本箱 (ほんばこ)' refers to a 'bookshelf' or a 'bookcase'. It is a compound word formed from '本 (ほん)' meaning 'book' and '箱 (はこ)' meaning 'box' or 'case'. This word is commonly used to describe furniture designed to store and organize books. For example: I bought a new bookshelf「新しい本箱を買いました」(あたらしいほんばこをかいました). The bookshelf is full of books「本箱は本でいっぱいです」(ほんばこはほんでいっぱいです). It can also refer to smaller storage containers for books, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2136

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Already, No longer

Reading

Kanji

最Most 早Early, Fast

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '最早 (もはや)' is used to express that a situation has already reached a certain point or that something is no longer the case. It often carries a nuance of finality or inevitability. For example: It's already too late「最早手遅れだ」(もはやておくれだ). He is no longer the person he used to be「最早彼は昔の彼ではない」(もはやかれはむかしのかれではない). This word is commonly used in formal or literary contexts and can convey a sense of resignation or conclusion.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2140

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Number

Reading

Kanji

数Number 字Character

Explanation

The Japanese noun '数字 (すうじ)' refers to a 'number' or 'numerical figure'. It is commonly used in contexts involving mathematics, statistics, or any situation where numerical values are discussed. For example: Please write the number here「ここに数字を書いてください」(ここにすうじをかいてください). The numbers on the screen are hard to read「画面の数字が読みにくい」(がめんのすうじがよみにくい). This word can also refer to digits or numerals in a broader sense, such as in phone numbers or codes. It is important to note that '数字' specifically refers to the written or symbolic representation of numbers, not the concept of quantity itself.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2142

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Status

Reading

Kanji

地Ground 位Rank

Explanation

The Japanese noun '地位 (ちい)' refers to one's social or professional position, rank, or status. It is often used to describe someone's standing in society, an organization, or a hierarchy. For example: He has a high status in the company「彼は会社で高い地位を持っている」(かれはかいしゃでたかいちいをもっている). She lost her status after the scandal「彼女はスキャンダルの後、地位を失った」(かのじょはすきゃんだるのあと、ちいをうしなった). This word is commonly used in formal or professional contexts to discuss one's role or standing.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2148

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Come, Go

Reading

Kanji

参Participate

Explanation

The Japanese verb '参る (まいる)' is a humble form of '行く (いく)' (to go) or '来る (くる)' (to come). It is used to express the speaker's movement to or from a place in a respectful or humble manner, often when referring to oneself in relation to someone of higher status. For example: I will go to the temple「お寺に参ります」(おてらにまいります). He came to the meeting「彼は会議に参りました」(かれはかいぎにまいりました). Additionally, '参る' can also mean to be overwhelmed or defeated, as in: I am at my limit「参りました」(まいりました). This usage conveys a sense of surrender or being overcome by a situation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2153

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sleepy

Reading

Kanji

眠Sleep, Sleepy

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '眠い (ねむい)' means 'sleepy'. It is used to describe the feeling of wanting to sleep or being drowsy. This word is commonly used in casual conversations to express tiredness or the need for rest. For example: I'm so sleepy today「今日はとても眠い」(きょうはとてもねむい). Why are you so sleepy?「どうしてそんなに眠いの？」(どうしてそんなにねむいの？). It can also describe something that induces sleepiness, such as a boring lecture: This class makes me sleepy「この授業は眠い」(このじゅぎょうはねむい).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2154

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Price

Reading

Kanji

値Value, Price 段Step, Stairs

Explanation

The Japanese noun '値段 (ねだん)' refers to the 'price' of an item or service. It is commonly used in everyday conversations, especially when discussing shopping, goods, or services. For example: What is the price of this shirt?「このシャツの値段はいくらですか？」(このシャツのねだんはいくらですか？). The price of this car is high「この車の値段は高い」(このくるまのねだんはたかい). It is important to note that '値段' specifically refers to the monetary value of something, and it is often used interchangeably with '価格 (かかく)', though '価格' tends to be more formal and used in business contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2156

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Or

Reading

Kanji

若Young

Explanation

The Japanese conjunction '若しくは (もしくは)' means 'or'. It is used to present alternatives or choices, often in formal or legal contexts. This conjunction is typically used to connect two items or clauses, indicating that either one or the other is possible. For example: You can choose tea or coffee「お茶若しくはコーヒーを選べます」(おちゃもしくはコーヒーをえらべます). The meeting will be held on Monday or Tuesday「会議は月曜日若しくは火曜日に開催されます」(かいぎはげつようびもしくはかようびにかいさいされます). Note that '若しくは' is more formal than the more commonly used 'または' or 'か'.

Part Of Speech

conjunction

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2162

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Not yet

Reading

Kanji

未Not yet

Explanation

The Japanese noun '未 (み)' means 'not yet' or 'still not'. It is often used to indicate that something has not yet happened or been completed. This word is commonly used in compound words or phrases to express the idea of something being incomplete or pending. For example: The project is not yet finished「プロジェクトは未完了です」(ぷろじぇくとはみかんりょうです). He has not yet arrived「彼は未到着です」(かれはみとうちゃくです). The word '未' can also be used in more abstract contexts, such as '未解決 (みかいけつ)' meaning 'unresolved' or '未確認 (みかくにん)' meaning 'unconfirmed'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2163

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Announce, Tell

Reading

Kanji

告Announce

Explanation

The Japanese verb '告げる (つげる)' primarily means 'to tell' or 'to announce'. It is used to convey information, often in a formal or serious manner. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as announcing news, declaring something, or informing someone about an important matter. For example: He announced the results「彼は結果を告げた」(かれはけっかをつげた). The bell signaled the end of class「ベルが授業の終わりを告げた」(ベルがじゅぎょうのおわりをつげた). It is important to note that '告げる' often carries a sense of formality or gravity, making it suitable for serious or official announcements.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2165

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Scene

Reading

Kanji

場Place 面Face, Surface

Explanation

The Japanese noun '場面 (ばめん)' means 'scene'. It refers to a specific moment, situation, or setting, often in the context of a story, movie, play, or real-life event. This word is commonly used to describe a particular part of a narrative or a significant moment in time. For example: the scene was very emotional「その場面はとても感動的だった」(そのばめんはとてもかんどうてきだった). I remember that scene clearly「その場面をはっきり覚えている」(そのばめんをはっきりおぼえている). It can also be used in everyday conversations to describe a situation, such as 'the scene at the party was lively'「パーティーの場面は賑やかだった」(ぱーてぃーのばめんはにぎやかだった).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2171

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Home

Reading

Kanji

自Self 宅House

Explanation

The Japanese noun '自宅 (じたく)' refers to one's own home or residence. It is commonly used to specify a personal living space, as opposed to someone else's home or a public place. For example: I stayed at home today「今日は自宅にいました」(きょうはじたくにいました). My home is near the station「私の自宅は駅の近くです」(わたしのじたくはえきのちかくです). The word emphasizes the personal and private nature of the location, often used in formal or polite contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2173

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

How many

Reading

Kanji

幾Some, How many

Explanation

The Japanese noun '幾つ (いくつ)' is used to ask about the number or quantity of something, typically when the exact number is unknown or unspecified. It is often translated as 'how many' in English. This word is commonly used in questions to inquire about age, quantity, or the number of items. For example: How many apples are there?「りんごは幾つありますか？」(りんごはいくつありますか？). How old is your child?「お子さんは幾つですか？」(おこさんはいくつですか？). Note that '幾つ' is more formal and less commonly used in casual conversation compared to '何個 (なんこ)' or '何歳 (なんさい)' for specific contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2174

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Price, How much

Reading

Kanji

幾Some, How many

Explanation

The Japanese noun '幾ら (いくら)' primarily means 'how much' and is used to inquire about the quantity, amount, or price of something. It is commonly used in questions like 'how much does this cost?' or 'how much is it?'. Additionally, '幾ら' can also mean 'price' in certain contexts, though this usage is less common. Example sentences: How much is this?「これは幾らですか？」(これはいくらですか？). I don't know the price「幾らかわかりません」(いくらかわかりません). Note that '幾ら' is often used in formal or polite contexts, and its usage can vary depending on the situation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2176

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Workplace

Reading

Kanji

職Employment 場Place

Explanation

The Japanese noun '職場 (しょくば)' refers to the place where someone works, commonly translated as 'workplace' or 'office'. It is used to describe the physical location or environment where work is conducted. This term is neutral and can be applied to various types of work environments, from corporate offices to factories. Example sentences: I like my workplace「私の職場が好きです」(わたしのしょくばがすきです). The workplace is quiet today「職場は今日静かです」(しょくばはきょうしずかです). It can also be used in a broader sense to refer to the professional environment or community, such as in '職場の人間関係 (しょくばのにんげんかんけい)' (workplace relationships).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2178

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Entrust

Reading

Kanji

任Duty, Responsibility

Explanation

The Japanese verb '任せる (まかせる)' means 'to entrust' or 'to leave something to someone'. It is used when you delegate a task, responsibility, or decision to another person, trusting them to handle it. This verb often implies a sense of reliance or confidence in the person being entrusted. For example: I entrusted the work to him「仕事を彼に任せた」(しごとをかれにまかせた). She left the decision to me「彼女はその決断を私に任せた」(かのじょはそのけつだんをわたしにまかせた). Note that '任せる' can also imply a sense of letting go or not interfering, as in 'I left it to fate'「運命に任せた」(うんめいにまかせた).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2205

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shoes

Reading

Kanji

靴Shoe, Shoes

Explanation

The Japanese noun '靴 (くつ)' means 'shoes'. It refers to footwear worn on the feet, typically covering the foot and extending below the ankle. This word is commonly used in everyday conversations when discussing clothing, fashion, or daily activities. For example: I bought new shoes「新しい靴を買いました」(あたらしいくつをかいました). Please take off your shoes「靴を脱いでください」(くつをぬいでください). The word '靴' can also be used in compound words, such as '運動靴 (うんどうぐつ)' (sports shoes) or '革靴 (かわぐつ)' (leather shoes).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2215

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Counter

Reading

Kanji

杯Cup, Cupfuls

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '杯 (はい)' is a counter used for counting cups, glasses, or bowlfuls of liquid. It is commonly used when referring to drinks or liquid servings. For example: one cup of coffee「コーヒー一杯」(コーヒーいっぱい). Two glasses of water「水二杯」(みずにはい). This counter is versatile and can be used with various beverages, such as tea, juice, or alcohol. It's important to note that the pronunciation changes to 'ぱい' when combined with certain numbers, such as 'いっぱい' for one cup.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2216

Composition

kanji

Handwriting