Jōyō KanjiOrganized by School Grade
Senior Highschool I
kanji
索Meaning
Search, Rope
Reading
saku
Parts
十Ten 冖Crown 糸Thread
Example Word
索引: index. The Japanese noun '索引 (さくいん)' means 'index'. It refers to a list of terms, topics, or names, often found at the end of a book, that helps readers locate specific information within the text. This term is commonly used in academic, technical, and reference materials. For example: The index is at the back of the book「索引は本の後ろにあります」(さくいんはほんのうしろにあります). Please check the index for the page number「ページ番号を索引で確認してください」(ページばんごうをさくいんでかくにんしてください). The word is neutral in tone and is widely understood in both formal and informal contexts.
Radical
糸
Stroke Count
10JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1498
Handwriting
kanji
献Meaning
Offer, Offering
Reading
tatematsu
onyomiけんken
こんkon
Parts
南South 犬Dog
Example Word
文献: document. The Japanese noun '文献 (ぶんけん)' refers to written documents or literature, often used in academic or research contexts. It typically denotes scholarly materials such as books, articles, or papers that provide information or evidence. For example: I read an old document「古い文献を読みました」(ふるいぶんけんをよみました). This research is based on reliable documents「この研究は信頼できる文献に基づいています」(このけんきゅうはしんらいできるぶんけんにもとづいています). The word is commonly used in formal settings and emphasizes the importance of written sources in study or analysis.
Radical
犬
Stroke Count
13JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1501
Handwriting
kanji
浄Meaning
Clean
Reading
kiyo
onyomiじょうjou
せいsei
Parts
氵Water (水)争Dispute
Example Word
浄土: paradise. The Japanese noun '浄土 (じょうど)' refers to 'paradise' or 'pure land', particularly in the context of Buddhism. It signifies a realm of purity and bliss, often associated with the afterlife or a spiritual destination free from suffering. This term is deeply rooted in Buddhist teachings and is frequently used in religious or philosophical discussions. For example: He wishes to be reborn in the Pure Land「彼は浄土に生まれ変わりたいと願っている」(かれはじょうどにうまれかわりたいとねがっている). The Pure Land is a place of eternal peace「浄土は永遠の平和の場所です」(じょうどはえいえんのへいわのばしょです).
Radical
水
Stroke Count
9JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1502
Handwriting
kanji
渉Meaning
Have relations with, Ford
Reading
wata
onyomiしょうshou
Parts
氵Water (水)歩Walk
Example Word
干渉: interference or meddling. The Japanese noun '干渉 (かんしょう)' primarily means 'interference' or 'meddling'. It refers to the act of involving oneself in someone else's affairs without being asked, often in a way that is unwelcome. This word can be used in various contexts, such as politics, personal relationships, or even physics (e.g., wave interference). For example: His interference caused more problems「彼の干渉が問題を引き起こした」(かれのかんしょうがもんだいをひきおこした). Stop meddling in my business「私のことに干渉しないで」(わたしのことにかんしょうしないで). The term carries a slightly negative connotation, implying that the interference is unwanted or disruptive.
Radical
水
Stroke Count
11JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1519
Handwriting
kanji
煩Meaning
Vexed, Anxiety
Reading
wazura
うるさurusa
onyomiはんhan
ぼんbon
Parts
火Fire 頁Page
Example Word
煩い: noisy or annoying. The Japanese adjective '煩い (うるさい)' can mean both 'noisy' and 'annoying'. It is commonly used to describe loud sounds or situations that are bothersome or irritating. For example: The construction noise is annoying「工事の音が煩い」(こうじのおとがうるさい). My little brother is being noisy「弟が煩い」(おとうとがうるさい). This word can also be used to describe someone who is overly critical or nagging, as in 'My mom is always nagging me「母がうるさい」(ははがうるさい)'. The nuance of the word depends on the context, but it generally conveys a sense of irritation or disturbance.
Radical
火
Stroke Count
13JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1531
Handwriting
kanji
頑Meaning
Stubborn
Reading
gan
Parts
元Origin 頁Page
Example Word
頑丈: sturdy. The Japanese adjectival noun '頑丈 (がんじょう)' means 'sturdy' or 'robust'. It is used to describe something that is strongly built, durable, or tough, often referring to physical objects or structures. For example: This table is sturdy「このテーブルは頑丈だ」(このテーブルはがんじょうだ). The bridge is robust「その橋は頑丈だ」(そのはしはがんじょうだ). It can also be used metaphorically to describe someone's health or resolve, as in 'He has a sturdy constitution'「彼は頑丈な体を持っている」(かれはがんじょうなからだをもっている).
Radical
頁
Stroke Count
13JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1535
Handwriting
kanji
履Meaning
Fulfill, Footgear
Reading
ha
onyomiりri
Parts
尸Corpse 復Restore
Example Word
履歴: history. The Japanese noun '履歴 (りれき)' refers to a record or history of events, actions, or experiences. It is commonly used in contexts such as job histories, academic records, or personal histories. For example: Please submit your job history「履歴を提出してください」(りれきをていしゅつしてください). His academic history is impressive「彼の学歴は素晴らしい」(かれのがくれきはすばらしい). This word can also be used in digital contexts, such as browser history 'ブラウザの履歴 (ぶらうざのりれき)'.
Radical
尸
Stroke Count
15JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1537
Handwriting
kanji
刃Meaning
Blade
Reading
ha
onyomiじんjin
にんnin
Parts
丶Dot 刀Sword
Example Word
刃: blade. The Japanese noun '刃 (は)' refers to the 'blade' of a knife, sword, or any cutting tool. It specifically denotes the sharp, cutting edge of such objects. This word is often used in contexts involving weapons, tools, or anything with a sharp edge. For example: the blade of the sword is sharp「刀の刃は鋭い」(かたなのははするどい). Be careful with the blade of the knife「ナイフの刃に気をつけて」(ナイフのはにきをつけて). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something sharp or cutting in nature, though this is less common.
Radical
刀
Stroke Count
3JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1539
Handwriting
kanji
傘Meaning
Umbrella, Parasol
Reading
kasa
onyomiさんsan
Parts
人Person 十Ten
Example Word
傘: umbrella. The Japanese noun '傘 (かさ)' means 'umbrella'. This word refers to the object used to protect oneself from rain or sunlight. It is commonly used in everyday conversation, especially in contexts related to weather. For example: I forgot my umbrella「傘を忘れました」(かさをわすれました). Please lend me an umbrella「傘を貸してください」(かさをかしてください). The word can also be used in compound words, such as '雨傘 (あまがさ)' (rain umbrella) or '日傘 (ひがさ)' (parasol).
Radical
人
Stroke Count
12JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1542
Handwriting
kanji
廷Meaning
Court
Reading
tei
Parts
廴
Example Word
朝廷: court. The Japanese noun '朝廷 (ちょうてい)' refers to the imperial court or the government under the emperor in historical contexts. It specifically denotes the central administrative and ceremonial institution of the Japanese monarchy, particularly during the Heian period and earlier. This term is often used in historical or literary contexts to describe the political and social center of ancient Japan. For example: The emperor held power at the court「天皇は朝廷で権力を握っていた」(てんのうはちょうていでけんりょくをにぎっていた). The court was the center of politics「朝廷は政治の中心だった」(ちょうていはせいじのちゅうしんだった). Note that this term is archaic and not commonly used in modern contexts.
Radical
廴
Stroke Count
7JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1547
Handwriting
kanji
汁Meaning
Juice, Soup
Reading
shiru
onyomiじゅうjuu
Parts
氵Water (水)十Ten
Example Word
汁: soup. The Japanese noun '汁 (つゆ)' primarily means 'soup'. It refers to a liquid dish, typically made by boiling ingredients such as vegetables, meat, or fish in water or stock. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation and can refer to various types of soup, including miso soup (味噌汁, みそしる). For example: I had miso soup for breakfast「朝ごはんに味噌汁を飲んだ」(あさごはんにみそしるをのんだ). This soup is delicious「この汁は美味しい」(このつゆはおいしい). Additionally, '汁' can sometimes refer to the liquid or juice that comes out of food, such as the juice from a fruit or the broth from a stew, but its primary and most common usage is to denote soup.
Radical
水
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1552
Handwriting
kanji
還Meaning
Return, Send back
Reading
kae
onyomiかんkan
Parts
⻌Walk 睘
Example Word
返還: return or restoration. The Japanese noun '返還 (へんかん)' refers to the act of returning or restoring something to its original owner or place. It is often used in formal or legal contexts, such as the return of territory, property, or rights. For example: The return of the land to its original owner「土地の返還が行われた」(とちのへんかんがおこなわれた). The restoration of cultural artifacts to their country of origin「文化財の返還が決定した」(ぶんかざいのへんかんがけっていした). This term carries a formal tone and is commonly used in diplomatic, legal, or historical discussions.
Radical
辵
Stroke Count
16JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1554
Handwriting
kanji
渋Meaning
Astringent, Not going smoothly
Reading
shibu
onyomiじゅうjuu
Parts
氵Water (水)止Stop
Example Word
渋滞: traffic or congestion. The Japanese verbal noun '渋滞 (じゅうたい)' primarily refers to 'traffic' or 'congestion'. It is commonly used to describe situations where vehicles are moving slowly or are at a standstill due to heavy traffic. It can also be used metaphorically to describe delays or bottlenecks in processes or systems. For example: The traffic is terrible today「今日は渋滞がひどい」(きょうはじゅうたいがひどい). There is congestion on the highway「高速道路で渋滞している」(こうそくどうろでじゅうたいしている). The meeting was delayed due to congestion in the schedule「スケジュールの渋滞で会議が遅れた」(スケジュールのじゅうたいでかいぎがおくれた).
Radical
水
Stroke Count
11JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1558
Handwriting
kanji
霜Meaning
Frost
Reading
shimo
onyomiそうsou
Parts
雨Rain 相Mutual
Example Word
霜: frost. The Japanese noun '霜 (しも)' refers to 'frost', which is the thin layer of ice that forms on surfaces when the temperature drops below freezing. This word is often used in weather-related contexts or to describe the natural phenomenon of frost forming on plants, windows, or the ground. For example: The frost is beautiful this morning「今朝の霜は美しい」(けさのしもはうつくしい). The garden was covered in frost「庭が霜で覆われていた」(にわがしもでおおわれていた). Frost can also symbolize coldness or the arrival of winter in poetic or literary contexts.
Radical
雨
Stroke Count
17JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1560
Handwriting
kanji
裕Meaning
Abundant
Reading
yuu
Parts
衤 谷Valley
Example Word
余裕: leeway. The Japanese noun '余裕 (よゆう)' primarily means 'leeway' or 'margin'. It refers to having extra time, space, or resources beyond what is strictly necessary. This word is often used to describe a state of having enough capacity to handle something comfortably, or to indicate a relaxed attitude due to having ample resources. For example: There is enough leeway in the schedule「スケジュールに余裕がある」(スケジュールによゆうがある). He has the leeway to take on another project「彼は別のプロジェクトを引き受ける余裕がある」(かれはべつのプロジェクトをひきうけるよゆうがある). Additionally, '余裕' can imply a sense of composure or calmness, as in: She answered with composure「彼女は余裕を持って答えた」(かのじょはよゆうをもってこたえた).
Radical
衣
Stroke Count
12JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1563
Handwriting
kanji
誓Meaning
Swear, Vow
Reading
chika
onyomiせいsei
Parts
言Say 折Bend, Fold
Example Word
誓う: swear. The Japanese verb '誓う (ちかう)' means 'to swear' or 'to vow'. It is used when someone makes a solemn promise or pledge, often with a strong sense of commitment or determination. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as personal promises, oaths, or formal declarations. For example: I swear to protect you「あなたを守ると誓います」(あなたをまもるとちかいます). He vowed to never give up「彼は決して諦めないと誓った」(かれはけっしてあきらめないとちかった). The verb often carries a serious tone, emphasizing the sincerity of the promise being made.
Radical
言
Stroke Count
14JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1568
Handwriting
kanji
頻Meaning
Frequently, Frequent
Reading
shiki
onyomiひんhin
Parts
步 頁Page
Example Word
頻りに: frequently. The Japanese adverb '頻りに (しきりに)' means 'frequently' or 'repeatedly'. It is used to describe actions or events that occur often or persistently. This word often carries a nuance of intensity or earnestness, emphasizing the frequency or persistence of the action. For example: He frequently asked about her「彼は頻りに彼女のことを尋ねた」(かれはしきりにかのじょのことをたずねた). It rained frequently yesterday「昨日は頻りに雨が降った」(きのうはしきりにあめがふった). The adverb can also imply a sense of urgency or eagerness, depending on the context.
Radical
頁
Stroke Count
17JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1575
Handwriting
kanji
且Meaning
Moreover, Also
Reading
ka
onyomiしょうshou
しょsho
そso
Example Word
且つ: and. The Japanese conjunction '且つ (かつ)' is used to connect two statements or ideas, similar to the English 'and'. However, it is more formal and often used in written language or formal speech. It emphasizes that both connected elements are true or applicable. For example: He is intelligent and diligent「彼は賢く且つ勤勉だ」(かれはかしこくかつきんべんだ). This method is effective and safe「この方法は効果的且つ安全だ」(このほうほうはこうかてきかつあんぜんだ). Note that '且つ' is less common in casual conversation, where 'そして' or 'そして' might be used instead.
Radical
一
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1576
Handwriting
kanji
診Meaning
Examine a patient, Diagnose
Reading
mi
onyomiしんshin
Parts
訁Say (言)㐱
Example Word
診療: medical care. The Japanese noun '診療 (しんりょう)' refers to medical care or treatment provided by a doctor or medical professional. It encompasses the process of diagnosing and treating patients. This term is often used in contexts related to hospitals, clinics, or healthcare services. For example: The hospital provides excellent medical care「その病院は優れた診療を提供します」(そのびょういんはすぐれたしんりょうをていきょうします). The doctor is in charge of medical care「その医師は診療を担当しています」(そのいしはしんりょうをたんとうしています). Note that '診療' is commonly used in formal or professional settings and is distinct from general health-related terms like '治療 (ちりょう)' (treatment) or '診察 (しんさつ)' (medical examination).
Radical
言
Stroke Count
12JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1587
Handwriting
kanji
蚊Meaning
Mosquito
Reading
ka
Parts
虫Insect 文Sentence
Example Word
蚊: mosquito. The Japanese noun '蚊 (か)' refers to a 'mosquito', a small flying insect known for biting and sucking blood. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation, especially during warmer months when mosquitoes are more prevalent. For example: There are many mosquitoes here「ここには蚊が多い」(ここにはかがおおい). I got bitten by a mosquito「蚊に刺された」(かにさされた). The word '蚊' is straightforward and does not carry additional meanings or nuances beyond its literal definition.
Radical
虫
Stroke Count
10JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1601
Handwriting
kanji
漠Meaning
Vague, Desert
Reading
baku
Parts
氵Water (水)艹Grass 日Day, Sun 大Big
Example Word
砂漠: desert. The Japanese noun '砂漠 (さばく)' means 'desert'. It refers to a barren area of land where little precipitation occurs, making it difficult for plants and animals to survive. This word is used to describe both natural deserts and metaphorical situations that feel barren or lifeless. For example: The Sahara is a vast desert「サハラは広大な砂漠です」(サハラはこうだいなさばくです). His heart felt like a desert「彼の心は砂漠のようだった」(かれのこころはさばくのようだった). The word can also be used in compound nouns, such as '砂漠地帯 (さばくちたい)' meaning 'desert region'.
Radical
水
Stroke Count
13JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1608
Handwriting
kanji
厄Meaning
Misfortune, Unlucky
Reading
yaku
Parts
厂Cliff 㔾
Example Word
厄介: trouble. The Japanese noun '厄介 (やっかい)' primarily means 'trouble' or 'bother'. It refers to something that is troublesome, inconvenient, or difficult to deal with. This word can be used to describe situations, tasks, or even people who are causing difficulty. For example: He is a troublesome person「彼は厄介な人だ」(かれはやっかいなひとだ). This problem is a real hassle「この問題は本当に厄介だ」(このもんだいはほんとうにやっかいだ). The word can also imply a sense of burden or responsibility, as in taking care of someone who is dependent on you.
Radical
厂
Stroke Count
4JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1613
Handwriting
kanji
粧Meaning
Cosmetics, Apply makeup
Reading
shou
Parts
米Rice 庄
Example Word
化粧: makeup. The Japanese verbal noun '化粧 (けしょう)' primarily means 'makeup'. It refers to the act of applying cosmetics to enhance or alter one's appearance. This word is commonly used in contexts related to beauty, fashion, and personal grooming. For example: She is putting on makeup「彼女は化粧をしている」(かのじょはけしょうをしている). This store sells makeup「この店は化粧を売っている」(このみせはけしょうをうっている). Additionally, '化粧' can sometimes be used metaphorically to describe something being 'dressed up' or 'embellished', such as in the phrase '化粧直し (けしょうなおし)', which means 'touch-up' or 'refurbishment'.
Radical
米
Stroke Count
12JLPT
UnknownGrade
9Frequency
1624
Handwriting
kanji
斉Meaning
Uniform, Adjusted
Reading
sei
さいsai
Example Word
一斉に: simultaneously. The Japanese adverb '一斉に (いっせいに)' means 'simultaneously' or 'all at once'. It is used to describe actions or events that occur at the same time, often involving multiple people or things. This word is commonly used in contexts where a group of people or objects act in unison. For example: The students stood up simultaneously「学生たちは一斉に立ち上がった」(がくせいたちは いっせいにたちあがった). The birds flew away all at once「鳥たちは一斉に飛び立った」(とりたちはいっせいにとびたった). The adverb emphasizes the collective nature of the action, highlighting that it is done by everyone or everything involved at the same time.
Radical
文
Stroke Count
8JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1628
Handwriting
kanji
禅Meaning
Zen
Reading
zen
Parts
礻Cult (示)単Simple, Single
Example Word
禅: Zen. The Japanese noun '禅 (ぜん)' refers to 'Zen', a school of Mahayana Buddhism that emphasizes meditation and intuition. Zen is deeply rooted in Japanese culture and is often associated with simplicity, mindfulness, and the pursuit of enlightenment. It has influenced various aspects of Japanese life, including art, tea ceremonies, and martial arts. Example sentences: He practices Zen meditation「彼は禅の瞑想をします」(かれはぜんのめいそうをします). Zen teaches the importance of being present「禅は今を大切にすることを教えます」(ぜんはいまをたいせつにすることをおしえます).
Radical
示
Stroke Count
13JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1634
Handwriting
kanji
銘Meaning
Inscription
Reading
mei
Parts
金Gold 名Name
Example Word
銘柄: brand. The Japanese noun '銘柄 (めいがら)' refers to a brand, particularly in the context of products, goods, or stocks. It is often used to specify a particular brand name or type of product. For example: This brand of coffee is popular「この銘柄のコーヒーは人気です」(このめいがらのコーヒーはにんきです). I bought a new brand of wine「新しい銘柄のワインを買いました」(あたらしいめいがらのワインをかいました). In financial contexts, it can also refer to a specific stock or security, as in: This stock is performing well「この銘柄は好調です」(このめいがらはこうちょうです).
Radical
金
Stroke Count
14JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1652
Handwriting
kanji
肯Meaning
Assent, Agreement
Reading
gaenji
onyomiこうkou
Parts
肉Meat 止Stop
Example Word
肯定: affirmation. The Japanese verbal noun '肯定 (こうてい)' means 'affirmation' or 'positive acknowledgment'. It is used to express agreement, confirmation, or the act of affirming something. This word is often used in contexts where one acknowledges or accepts a statement, idea, or situation as true or valid. For example: His answer was an affirmation「彼の答えは肯定だった」(かれのこたえはこうていだった). We need to affirm this decision「この決定を肯定する必要がある」(このけっていをこうていするひつようがある). It can also be used in contrast to '否定 (ひてい)' (negation) to highlight a positive stance.
Radical
肉
Stroke Count
8JLPT
N2Grade
9Frequency
1653
Handwriting
kanji
稼Meaning
Work, Earnings
Reading
kase
onyomiかka
Parts
禾Cereal 家House
Example Word
稼ぐ: earn. The Japanese verb '稼ぐ (かせぐ)' primarily means 'to earn' or 'to make money'. It is commonly used in contexts related to work, labor, or any activity that generates income. For example: He earns a lot of money「彼はたくさん稼ぐ」(かれはたくさんかせぐ). I need to earn more to support my family「家族を養うためにもっと稼ぐ必要がある」(かぞくをやしなうためにもっとかせぐひつようがある). Additionally, '稼ぐ' can also imply working hard or putting in effort to achieve something, not just financially. For instance: She worked hard to earn her promotion「彼女は昇進を稼ぐために一生懸命働いた」(かのじょはしょうしんをかせぐためにいっしょうけんめいはたらいた).
Radical
禾
Stroke Count
15JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1670
Handwriting
kanji
砕Meaning
Smash
Reading
kuda
onyomiさいsai
Parts
石Stone 卆
Example Word
砕く: break or crush. The Japanese verb '砕く (くだく)' primarily means 'to crush' or 'to break'. It is used to describe the action of physically breaking something into smaller pieces, such as rocks, ice, or other hard materials. It can also be used metaphorically to describe breaking down abstract concepts, such as breaking down a problem or someone's spirit. For example: He crushed the ice with a hammer「彼はハンマーで氷を砕いた」(かれはハンマーでこおりをくだいた). The news broke her heart「その知らせは彼女の心を砕いた」(そのしらせはかのじょのこころをくだいた). Note that '砕く' often implies a deliberate or forceful action, and it is commonly used in both literal and figurative contexts.
Radical
石
Stroke Count
9JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1680
Handwriting
kanji
謙Meaning
Humble, Modesty
Reading
ken
Parts
訁Say (言)兼Combine, Concurrently
Example Word
謙遜: modesty. The Japanese verbal noun '謙遜 (けんそん)' refers to the act of being modest or humble, often in the context of downplaying one's own abilities, achievements, or status. It is a valued trait in Japanese culture and is frequently used in social interactions to show politeness and respect. For example: He responded with modesty「彼は謙遜して答えた」(かれはけんそんしてこたえた). She always speaks with modesty「彼女はいつも謙遜して話す」(かのじょはいつもけんそんしてはなす). This term is often used in formal or professional settings to avoid appearing boastful.
Radical
言
Stroke Count
17JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1681
Handwriting
kanji
幣Meaning
Money, Cash
Reading
hei
Parts
敝 巾Towel
Example Word
貨幣: currency. The Japanese noun '貨幣 (かへい)' refers to 'currency' or 'money' in a formal or economic context. It specifically denotes the physical form of money, such as coins and banknotes, used as a medium of exchange. This term is often used in discussions about economics, history, or finance. For example: The history of currency is fascinating「貨幣の歴史は興味深い」(かへいのれきしはきょうみぶかい). This country uses a unique currency「この国は独特な貨幣を使う」(このくにはどくとくなかへいをつかう). Note that '貨幣' is more formal than 'お金 (おかね)', which is the everyday term for money.
Radical
巾
Stroke Count
15JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1686
Handwriting
kanji
但Meaning
However, But
Reading
tada
onyomiたんtan
Parts
亻Person (人)旦Dawn
Example Word
但し: however or but. The Japanese conjunction '但し (ただし)' is used to introduce a condition, exception, or limitation to a previous statement. It is often translated as 'however' or 'but' in English, but it specifically implies a restriction or clarification. For example: You can enter, however, you must wear a mask「入ってもいいです、但し、マスクを着用してください」(はいってもいいです、ただし、マスクをちゃくようしてください). The event is free, but registration is required「イベントは無料です、但し、登録が必要です」(イベントはむりょうです、ただし、とうろくがひつようです). Note that '但し' is more formal and is commonly used in written or official contexts.
Radical
人
Stroke Count
7JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1688
Handwriting
kanji
拒Meaning
Repel, Refuse
Reading
koba
onyomiきょkyo
Parts
扌Hand (手)巨Huge, Giant
Example Word
拒否: refusal. The Japanese verbal noun '拒否 (きょひ)' means 'refusal' or 'rejection'. It is used to describe the act of refusing or rejecting something, such as a request, proposal, or idea. This term is often used in formal or serious contexts, such as legal, political, or medical situations. For example: The government refused the proposal「政府はその提案を拒否した」(せいふはそのていあんをきょひした). The patient refused the treatment「患者は治療を拒否した」(かんじゃはちりょうをきょひした). It can also be used in everyday situations, such as refusing an invitation or offer. The nuance of '拒否' is often stronger than simply saying 'no', implying a firm or decisive rejection.
Radical
手
Stroke Count
8JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1689
Handwriting
kanji
溝Meaning
Gutter, Channel
Reading
mizo
onyomiこうkou
Parts
氵Water (水)冓
Example Word
溝: ditch. The Japanese noun '溝 (みぞ)' refers to a 'ditch' or 'trench'. It is commonly used to describe a narrow channel dug into the ground, often for drainage or irrigation purposes. Additionally, it can metaphorically represent a gap or rift between people or ideas. Example sentences: There is a deep ditch in the field「畑に深い溝がある」(はたけにふかいみぞがある). The ditch was filled with water after the rain「雨の後、溝に水がたまった」(あめのあと、みぞにみずがたまった). The argument created a rift between them「その議論で彼らの間に溝ができた」(そのぎろんでかれらのあいだにみぞができた).
Radical
水
Stroke Count
13JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1693
Handwriting
kanji
撲Meaning
Slap, Deal a blow
Reading
boku
Parts
扌Hand (手)菐
Example Word
相撲: sumo. The Japanese noun '相撲 (すもう)' refers to the traditional Japanese sport of sumo wrestling. Sumo is a competitive full-contact wrestling sport where a wrestler (rikishi) aims to force his opponent out of a circular ring (dohyō) or to touch the ground with any part of his body other than the soles of his feet. Sumo has deep cultural and historical significance in Japan, often associated with Shinto rituals. Example sentences: I enjoy watching sumo「相撲を見るのが好きです」(すもうをみるのがすきです). Sumo wrestlers are very strong「相撲取りはとても強いです」(すもうとりはとてもつよいです).
Radical
手
Stroke Count
15JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1714
Handwriting
kanji
秩Meaning
Order, Regularity
Reading
chitsu
Parts
禾Cereal 失Lose, Fault
Example Word
秩序: order. The Japanese noun '秩序 (ちつじょ)' means 'order' in the sense of a systematic or harmonious arrangement. It is often used to describe social, natural, or organizational systems where things are structured and functioning properly. For example: maintaining social order「社会の秩序を守る」(しゃかいのちつじょをまもる). The natural order of the ecosystem「生態系の秩序」(せいたいけいのちつじょ). This word is commonly used in formal or academic contexts to discuss stability, rules, or systems. It is not used to describe personal tidiness or neatness, which would be expressed with words like '整理 (せいり)'.
Radical
禾
Stroke Count
10JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1716
Handwriting
kanji
倫Meaning
Principles, Ethics
Reading
rin
Parts
亻Person (人)侖
Example Word
不倫: affair. The Japanese noun '不倫 (ふりん)' refers to an extramarital affair or infidelity. It is used to describe a romantic or sexual relationship that occurs outside of marriage, often implying betrayal or moral wrongdoing. This term carries a strong negative connotation in Japanese society. Example sentences: She had an affair with her coworker「彼女は同僚と不倫をしていた」(かのじょはどうりょうとふりんをしていた). The scandal exposed his affair「そのスキャンダルで彼の不倫が明るみに出た」(そのスキャンダルでかれのふりんがあかるみにでた).
Radical
人
Stroke Count
10JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1721
Handwriting
kanji
僚Meaning
Colleague, Official
Reading
ryou
Parts
亻Person (人)尞
Example Word
官僚: bureaucrat. The Japanese noun '官僚 (かんりょう)' refers to a bureaucrat or government official. It specifically denotes individuals who work in administrative roles within government organizations, often associated with formal procedures and regulations. This term can carry a neutral or slightly negative connotation, depending on the context, as it may imply rigidity or excessive adherence to rules. Example sentences: The bureaucrat made a decision「官僚が決定を下した」(かんりょうがけっていをくだした). Bureaucrats are often criticized for being inflexible「官僚はしばしば柔軟性がないと批判される」(かんりょうはしばしばじゅうなんせいがないとひはんされる).
Radical
人
Stroke Count
14JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1730
Handwriting
kanji
褒Meaning
Praise
Reading
ho
onyomiほうhou
Parts
亠Lid 保Preserve
Example Word
褒める: praise. The Japanese verb '褒める (ほめる)' means 'to praise' or 'to compliment'. It is used when expressing admiration or approval for someone's actions, qualities, or achievements. This verb is commonly used in both formal and informal settings. For example: The teacher praised the student「先生は生徒を褒めた」(せんせいはせいとをほめた). I praised my friend for her hard work「私は友達の努力を褒めた」(わたしはともだちのどりょくをほめた). Note that '褒める' is often used in contexts where positive reinforcement or encouragement is intended.
Radical
衣
Stroke Count
15JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1736
Handwriting
kanji
融Meaning
Fuse, Dissolve
Reading
yuu
Parts
鬲 虫Insect
Example Word
融資: loan. The Japanese noun '融資 (ゆうし)' refers to a 'loan' or 'financing'. It is commonly used in financial contexts to describe the act of lending money, often by banks or financial institutions. This term is neutral and can refer to both personal and business loans. For example: The bank approved the loan「銀行は融資を承認した」(ぎんこうはゆうしをしょうにんした). We need financing for the project「そのプロジェクトに融資が必要です」(そのプロジェクトにゆうしがひつようです). Note that '融資' is often used in formal or business settings and implies a structured financial agreement.
Radical
虫
Stroke Count
16JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1738
Handwriting
kanji
遮Meaning
Obstruct, Intercept
Reading
saegi
onyomiしゃsha
Parts
⻌Walk 庶Commoner, Manifold
Example Word
遮る: block. The Japanese verb '遮る (さえぎる)' means 'to block' or 'to interrupt'. It is used to describe the act of obstructing something physically, such as blocking a path, or metaphorically, such as interrupting a conversation. For example: The wall blocks the view「壁が視界を遮る」(かべがしかいをさえぎる). He interrupted my speech「彼は私のスピーチを遮った」(かれはわたしのスピーチをさえぎった). This verb can also imply cutting off or hindering progress, as in 'The trees block the sunlight「木々が日光を遮る」(きぎがにっこうをさえぎる)'. It is often used in contexts where something is being prevented from continuing or being seen.
Radical
辵
Stroke Count
14JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1742
Handwriting
kanji
偏Meaning
Biased
Reading
katayo
onyomiへんhen
Parts
亻Person (人)扁
Example Word
偏見: prejudice. The Japanese noun '偏見 (へんけん)' means 'prejudice'. It refers to preconceived opinions or attitudes, often negative, that are not based on reason or actual experience. This term is commonly used in discussions about social issues, discrimination, or unfair judgments. For example: he has a prejudice against foreigners「彼は外国人に対して偏見を持っている」(かれはがいこくじんにたいしてへんけんをもっている). We must eliminate prejudice「偏見をなくさなければならない」(へんけんをなくさなければならない). The word is often used in formal or serious contexts, highlighting the importance of fairness and open-mindedness.
Radical
人
Stroke Count
11JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1746
Handwriting
kanji
棟Meaning
Block, Ridgepole
Reading
mune
むなmuna
onyomiとうtou
Parts
木Tree, Wood 東East
Example Word
棟: building. The Japanese suffix '棟 (とう)' is used to denote a building or a structure, often in the context of counting or identifying specific buildings within a complex. It is commonly used in addresses, building names, or when referring to multiple buildings. For example: building number 3「3棟」(さんとう). The main building「本棟」(ほんとう). This suffix is particularly useful in contexts like schools, hospitals, or office complexes where there are multiple buildings. Note that '棟' can also refer to a specific wing or section of a larger building.
Radical
木
Stroke Count
12JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1757
Handwriting
kanji
把Meaning
Grip, Grasp
Reading
wa
はha
Parts
扌Hand (手)巴Swirling water
Example Word
把握: grasp or understanding. The Japanese noun '把握 (はあく)' refers to the act of grasping or comprehending something, either physically or mentally. It can mean physically holding onto something, but it is more commonly used to describe the mental act of understanding or comprehending a concept, situation, or information. For example: I have a good grasp of the situation「状況を把握しています」(じょうきょうをはあくしています). It is important to grasp the main points「要点を把握することが大切です」(ようてんをはあくすることがたいせつです). The word is often used in formal or professional contexts to describe a clear understanding of complex matters.
Radical
手
Stroke Count
7JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1766
Handwriting
kanji
析Meaning
Chop, Analyze
Reading
seki
Parts
木Tree, Wood 斤Axe, Catty
Example Word
分析: analysis. The Japanese verbal noun '分析 (ぶんせき)' means 'analysis'. It refers to the process of examining something in detail to understand its nature or structure. This word is commonly used in academic, scientific, and business contexts. For example: The data analysis is complete「データの分析が完了した」(データのぶんせきがかんりょうした). We need to analyze the market trends「市場の動向を分析する必要がある」(しじょうのどうこうをぶんせきするひつようがある). The word can also be used metaphorically, such as analyzing a situation or problem.
Radical
木
Stroke Count
8JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1773
Handwriting
kanji
坪Meaning
Tsubo, Two mat area
Reading
tsubo
onyomiへいhei
Parts
土Soil 平Flat
Example Word
坪: tsubo. The Japanese noun '坪 (つぼ)' refers to a traditional unit of area measurement in Japan, equivalent to approximately 3.3 square meters. It is commonly used in real estate and construction to describe the size of land or buildings. For example: this land is 100 tsubo「この土地は100坪です」(このとちはひゃくつぼです). The house has a garden of 30 tsubo「その家には30坪の庭があります」(そのいえにはさんじゅうつぼのにわがあります). The term 'tsubo' is deeply rooted in Japanese culture and is still widely used today, especially in contexts involving traditional architecture or land transactions.
Radical
土
Stroke Count
8JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1777
Handwriting
kanji
漬Meaning
Soak, Pickle
Reading
tsu
onyomiしshi
Parts
氵Water (水)責Blame, Liability
Example Word
漬け物: pickles. The Japanese noun '漬け物 (つけもの)' refers to pickled vegetables, a common side dish in Japanese cuisine. These are vegetables that have been preserved through fermentation or soaking in a brine, vinegar, or other solutions. They are often served alongside rice or as a garnish. For example: I like pickles「私は漬け物が好きです」(わたしはつけものがすきです). These pickles are very salty「この漬け物はとても塩辛い」(このつけものはとてもしおからい). The term can also refer to the process of pickling itself, but in everyday usage, it most commonly refers to the pickled vegetables.
Radical
水
Stroke Count
14JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1788
Handwriting
kanji
貢Meaning
Tribute
Reading
mitsu
onyomiくku
こうkou
Parts
貝Shellfish 工Construction
Example Word
貢献: contribution. The Japanese noun '貢献 (こうけん)' means 'contribution'. It refers to the act of contributing to something, such as a cause, project, or society. This word is often used in contexts where someone or something has made a significant positive impact or provided valuable input. For example: His research made a great contribution to science「彼の研究は科学に大きな貢献をした」(かれのけんきゅうはかがくにおおきなこうけんをした). We aim to contribute to the community「私たちは地域に貢献することを目指しています」(わたしたちはちいきにこうけんすることをめざしています). The word can also be used in a broader sense to describe any form of support or assistance that leads to progress or improvement.
Radical
貝
Stroke Count
10JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1790
Handwriting
kanji
塾Meaning
Private school, Cram school
Reading
juku
Parts
土Soil 孰
Example Word
塾: school or cram. The Japanese noun '塾 (じゅく)' primarily refers to a 'cram school', which is a specialized educational institution that offers supplementary classes, often to help students prepare for entrance exams or improve their academic performance. It can also refer to a private school or academy in a broader sense. Example sentences: I go to a cram school after regular school「私は学校の後で塾に行きます」(わたしはがっこうのあとでじゅくにいきます). This cram school is famous for its high exam pass rate「この塾は高い合格率で有名です」(このじゅくはたかいごうかくりつでゆうめいです). The word is commonly used in the context of education and is often associated with intensive study and exam preparation.
Radical
土
Stroke Count
14JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1793
Handwriting
kanji
症Meaning
Symptom
Reading
shou
Parts
疒Sick 正Correct
Example Word
症状: symptom. The Japanese noun '症状 (しょうじょう)' means 'symptom'. It refers to a physical or mental condition that indicates the presence of a disease or disorder. This word is commonly used in medical contexts to describe signs of illness or health issues. For example: The symptoms of the flu are severe「インフルエンザの症状はひどい」(インフルエンザのしょうじょうはひどい). She showed symptoms of stress「彼女はストレスの症状を示した」(かのじょはストレスのしょうじょうをしめした). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe signs of problems in non-medical contexts, such as 'symptoms of a failing system'.
Radical
疒
Stroke Count
10JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1799
Handwriting
kanji
喪Meaning
Loss, Mourn, Mourning
Reading
mo
onyomiそうsou
Parts
口Mouth 衣Clothes
Example Word
喪失: loss. The Japanese noun '喪失 (そうしつ)' means 'loss'. It refers to the state of losing something important, such as a person, object, or abstract concept like hope or identity. This word is often used in emotional or serious contexts, such as grief or significant life changes. For example: the loss of a loved one「愛する人を喪失する」(あいするひとをそうしつする). A sense of loss「喪失感」(そうしつかん). It can also be used in broader contexts, such as the loss of trust「信頼の喪失」(しんらいのそうしつ).
Radical
口
Stroke Count
12JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1811
Handwriting
kanji
剖Meaning
Divide, Cut up
Reading
bou
Parts
咅Spit 刂Sword (刀)
Example Word
解剖: dissection. The Japanese noun '解剖 (かいぼう)' primarily means 'dissection'. It refers to the act of cutting apart or separating tissues for detailed examination, often used in medical or biological contexts. For example: The dissection of the frog was conducted in the biology class「生物学の授業でカエルの解剖が行われた」(せいぶつがくのじゅぎょうでカエルのかいぼうがおこなわれた). The doctor performed a dissection to understand the cause of death「医師は死因を理解するために解剖を行った」(いしはしいんをりかいするためにかいぼうをおこなった). This term can also metaphorically describe a thorough analysis or examination of a subject, such as in literature or philosophy, where one might dissect an argument or a text to understand its components deeply.
Radical
刀
Stroke Count
10JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1816
Handwriting
kanji
寮Meaning
Dormitory
Reading
ryou
Parts
宀Roof 尞
Example Word
寮: dormitory. The Japanese noun '寮 (りょう)' refers to a dormitory or a lodging facility, typically used by students, employees, or members of an organization. It is commonly associated with shared living spaces provided by schools, companies, or institutions. For example: I live in a dormitory「私は寮に住んでいます」(わたしはりょうにすんでいます). The company dormitory is nearby「会社の寮は近くです」(かいしゃのりょうはちかくです). This word is often used in contexts involving communal living arrangements.
Radical
宀
Stroke Count
15JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1817
Handwriting
kanji
沸Meaning
Boil
Reading
wa
onyomiふつfutsu
Parts
氵Water (水)弗
Example Word
沸かす: boil. The Japanese verb '沸かす (わか す)' means 'to boil'. It is commonly used when heating water or other liquids to the point of boiling. This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe stirring up emotions or excitement. For example: I will boil water for tea「お茶のために水を沸かします」(おちゃのためにみずをわかします). The news boiled up the crowd「そのニュースは群衆を沸かした」(そのニュースはぐんしゅうをわかした). Note that '沸かす' is a transitive verb, meaning it requires a direct object, such as water or emotions.
Radical
水
Stroke Count
8JLPT
N2Grade
9Frequency
1821
Handwriting