Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Composition

word

Meaning

Observation

Reading

Kanji

観View 察Guess

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '観察 (かんさつ)' means 'observation'. It refers to the act of carefully watching or examining something, often to gain information or understanding. This word is commonly used in scientific, educational, or everyday contexts. For example: careful observation is important in science「科学では注意深い観察が重要だ」(かがくではちゅういぶかいかんさつがじゅうようだ). I observed the behavior of birds「鳥の行動を観察した」(とりのこうどうをかんさつした). The word can also imply a systematic or detailed examination, as in '観察力 (かんさつりょく) (power of observation)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3865

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Appearance

Reading

Kanji

外Outside 観View

Explanation

The Japanese noun '外観 (がいかん)' refers to the external appearance or outward look of something, such as a building, object, or even a person. It is often used to describe the visual impression or facade of something. For example: The appearance of the building is modern「その建物の外観はモダンです」(そのたてもののがいかんはモダンです). She pays great attention to her appearance「彼女は外観に非常に気を遣います」(かのじょはがいかんにひじょうにきをつかいます). This word is commonly used in contexts related to design, architecture, or personal presentation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3866

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Monk

Reading

Kanji

僧Bonze, Buddhist priest

Explanation

The Japanese noun '僧 (そう)' refers to a Buddhist monk, a person who has dedicated their life to religious practice and often lives in a monastery. This term is used in the context of Buddhism and is associated with spiritual and ascetic practices. For example: The monk is meditating「僧が瞑想している」(そうがめいそうしている). I saw a monk at the temple「お寺で僧を見た」(おてらでそうをみた). The term can also be used in compound words, such as '僧侶 (そうりょ)' which also means 'monk' or 'clergy'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3867

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Daytime

Reading

Kanji

昼Daytime, Noon 間Interval, Space

Explanation

The Japanese noun '昼間 (ひるま)' refers to the period of the day when the sun is up, typically from sunrise to sunset. It is used to describe activities or events that occur during daylight hours. For example: I work during the daytime「私は昼間に働きます」(わたしはひるまにはたらきます). It's quiet during the daytime「昼間は静かです」(ひるまはしずかです). This word is often used in contrast to '夜 (よる)' which means 'night'. It's important to note that '昼間' specifically refers to the time of day and not the concept of 'day' as in a 24-hour period, which would be '一日 (いちにち)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3868

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Brush

Reading

Kanji

筆Brush

Explanation

The Japanese noun '筆 (ふで)' refers to a 'brush', specifically a writing or painting brush. This term is commonly used in the context of traditional Japanese calligraphy (書道, しょどう) and painting. The brush is an essential tool in these art forms, and the quality of the brush can significantly affect the outcome of the work. For example: I bought a new brush「新しい筆を買いました」(あたらしいふでをかいました). She is skilled with a brush「彼女は筆が上手です」(かのじょはふでがじょうずです). In addition to its literal meaning, '筆' can also be used metaphorically to refer to someone's writing style or ability, as in '彼の筆は鋭い (かれのふではするどい)' (His writing is sharp).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3869

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Objective

Reading

Kanji

客Guest, Customer 観View 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '客観的 (きゃっかんてき)' means 'objective'. It is used to describe something that is based on facts, evidence, or observations rather than personal feelings, opinions, or interpretations. This term is often used in academic, scientific, or analytical contexts to emphasize neutrality and impartiality. For example: He gave an objective analysis of the situation「彼は状況を客観的に分析した」(かれはじょうきょうをきゃっかんてきにぶんせきした). It's important to maintain an objective perspective「客観的な視点を保つことが重要だ」(きゃっかんてきなしてんをたもつことがじゅうようだ). The adjective is commonly used to modify nouns, such as '客観的な事実 (きゃっかんてきなじじつ) (objective fact)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3872

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Subjective

Reading

Kanji

主Master 観View 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '主観的 (しゅかんてき)' means 'subjective'. It is used to describe something that is based on personal opinions, feelings, or perspectives rather than on objective facts. This term is often used in discussions about art, philosophy, or personal experiences. For example: His opinion is very subjective「彼の意見はとても主観的だ」(かれのいけんはとてもしゅかんてきだ). This painting is subjective「この絵は主観的だ」(このえはしゅかんてきだ). The adjective can also be used to describe a person's viewpoint or interpretation of events, emphasizing that it is influenced by their individual perspective.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3873

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Resolution

Reading

Kanji

解Solve, Untie 消Extinguish

Explanation

The Japanese noun '解消 (かいしょう)' refers to the act of resolving, eliminating, or dissolving something, such as a problem, tension, or a condition. It is often used in contexts where an issue or situation is being cleared or settled. For example: The tension was resolved「緊張が解消された」(きんちょうがかいしょうされた). We need to resolve this problem「この問題を解消する必要がある」(このもんだいをかいしょうするひつようがある). The term can also be used in contexts like stress relief or dissolving a contract, emphasizing the idea of something being cleared or removed.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3874

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Official duty

Reading

Kanji

公Public 務Duty, Task

Explanation

The Japanese noun '公務 (こうむ)' refers to 'official duty' or 'public service'. It is commonly used to describe work or responsibilities carried out by government employees or public officials. This term emphasizes the formal and public nature of the duties. For example: He is busy with official duties「彼は公務で忙しい」(かれはこうむでいそがしい). Public officials must prioritize their official duties「公務員は公務を優先しなければならない」(こうむいんはこうむをゆうせんしなければならない). The word is often associated with roles in government, administration, or public institutions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3875

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Distribution

Reading

Kanji

分Minute, Part 布Cloth, Linen

Explanation

The Japanese noun '分布 (ぶんぷ)' means 'distribution'. This term is commonly used in contexts such as statistics, geography, biology, and other fields to describe how something is spread or arranged over an area or among a group. For example: the distribution of population「人口の分布」(じんこうのぶんぷ). The distribution of resources「資源の分布」(しげんのぶんぷ). It can also refer to the spread of data points in a statistical context, such as 'normal distribution'「正規分布」(せいきぶんぷ). The word is neutral and can be applied to both physical and abstract distributions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3876

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Observation

Reading

Kanji

観View 測Measure, Conjecture

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '観測 (かんそく)' means 'observation'. It refers to the act of observing or monitoring something, often in a scientific or systematic manner. This term is commonly used in contexts such as weather observation, astronomical observation, or data collection. For example: The observation of stars is fascinating「星の観測は魅力的です」(ほしのかんそくはみりょくてきです). They are conducting weather observations「彼らは気象観測を行っています」(かれらはきしょうかんそくをおこなっています). The term can also imply a careful or detailed examination of phenomena.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3878

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Guess, Speculation

Reading

Kanji

推Infer 測Measure, Conjecture

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '推測 (すいそく)' refers to the act of making an educated guess or forming a hypothesis based on available information. It is often used in contexts where there is uncertainty or incomplete data, and it implies a logical process of reasoning rather than a random guess. For example: His guess was correct「彼の推測は正しかった」(かれのすいそくはただしかった). We can only speculate about the future「未来について推測することしかできない」(みらいについてすいそくすることしかできない). It is important to note that '推測' carries a slightly more formal tone compared to casual words like '当てずっぽう (あてずっぽう)' (wild guess).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3879

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Contact

Reading

Kanji

接Contact, Touch 触Touch, Contact

Explanation

The Japanese noun '接触 (せっしょく)' means 'contact'. This word is used to describe physical touch or interaction between two entities. It can also refer to communication or connection between people or groups. For example: avoid physical contact「物理的な接触を避ける」(ぶつりてきなせっしょくをさける). The two groups had no contact「二つのグループは接触がなかった」(ふたつのグループはせっしょくがなかった). In medical contexts, it can refer to exposure to a pathogen, as in 'contact with an infected person'「感染者との接触」(かんせんしゃとのせっしょく).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3880

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Relative

Reading

Kanji

相Mutual 対Against

Explanation

The Japanese noun '相対 (そうたい)' means 'relative'. It refers to something that is considered in relation or comparison to something else, rather than being absolute. This term is often used in contexts involving comparison, relativity, or opposition. For example: relative position「相対的な位置」(そうたいてきないち). Relative truth「相対的な真実」(そうたいてきなしんじつ). The concept of '相対' is fundamental in discussions about perspectives, relationships, and comparisons in various fields such as philosophy, physics, and everyday life.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3883

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Illegal

Reading

Kanji

違Differ, Different 法Law, Method

Explanation

The Japanese noun '違法 (いほう)' means 'illegal'. It refers to actions, activities, or behaviors that are against the law or prohibited by legal regulations. This term is often used in legal, formal, or official contexts. For example: That act is illegal「その行為は違法だ」(そのこういはいほうだ). Illegal parking is strictly prohibited「違法駐車は厳禁です」(いほうちゅうしゃはげんきんです). The word can also be used in compound terms like '違法行為 (いほうこうい)' (illegal act) or '違法ダウンロード (いほうダウンロード)' (illegal download).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3884

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Author

Reading

Kanji

作Make 者Someone

Explanation

The Japanese noun '作者 (さくしゃ)' refers to the creator or author of a work, such as a book, painting, or other artistic creation. It is commonly used to describe the person responsible for the creation of a piece of art, literature, or any creative work. For example: the author of this book is famous「この本の作者は有名です」(このほんのさくしゃはゆうめいです). Who is the author of this painting?「この絵の作者は誰ですか？」(このえのさくしゃはだれですか？). The term emphasizes the role of the creator in bringing a work into existence.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3885

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Follower

Reading

Kanji

徒Follower, Junior

Explanation

The Japanese noun '徒 (と)' means 'follower' or 'disciple'. It is often used to refer to someone who follows a particular person, group, or ideology. This term can carry a neutral or slightly negative connotation depending on the context, implying blind adherence or lack of independent thought. Example sentences: He is a follower of that philosophy「彼はその哲学の徒だ」(かれはそのてつがくのとだ). The followers of the cult were devoted「そのカルトの徒は熱心だった」(そのカルトのとはねっしんだった). Note that '徒' can also appear in compound words, such as '信徒 (しんと)' (believer) or '学徒 (がくと)' (student).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3886

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sanitary

Reading

Kanji

衛Protect, Defense 生Life 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '衛生的 (えいせいてき)' means 'sanitary' or 'hygienic'. It is used to describe conditions, environments, or practices that are clean and promote health. This word is often used in contexts related to cleanliness, health standards, or public hygiene. For example: This restaurant is very sanitary「このレストランはとても衛生的です」(このレストランはとてもえいせいてきです). It's important to maintain a sanitary environment「衛生的な環境を保つことが大切です」(えいせいてきなかんきょうをたもつことがたいせつです). The adjective can also describe objects or practices, such as '衛生的なトイレ (えいせいてきなトイレ)' (sanitary toilet).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3888

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Intensity

Reading

Kanji

震Quake 度Degrees, Times

Explanation

The Japanese noun '震度 (しんど)' refers to the intensity of an earthquake, specifically as measured on the Japanese seismic intensity scale. This scale ranges from 0 to 7, with higher numbers indicating stronger shaking. For example: The earthquake had an intensity of 5「地震の震度は5でした」(じしんのしんどはごでした). The intensity of the tremor was quite high「震度がかなり高かった」(しんどがかなりたかかった). It's important to note that '震度' is specifically used in the context of earthquakes and should not be confused with other types of intensity measurements.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3889

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vibration

Reading

Kanji

振Shake, Swing 動Move

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '振動 (しんどう)' means 'vibration'. It refers to the rapid back-and-forth movement of an object or a system. This term is commonly used in both everyday and technical contexts, such as describing the vibration of a phone or the oscillation of a machine. For example: the vibration of the phone woke me up「携帯の振動で目が覚めた」(けいたいのしんどうでめがさめた). The machine is vibrating「機械が振動している」(きかいがしんどうしている). In physics or engineering contexts, '振動' can also refer to oscillations or waves, such as in '振動数 (しんどうすう)' meaning 'frequency'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3890

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Enthusiastic

Reading

Kanji

熱Heat, Temperature 心Heart

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '熱心 (ねっしん)' means 'enthusiastic' or 'zealous'. It describes someone who is deeply committed, passionate, or earnest about something. This word is often used to describe a person's attitude or approach toward a task, hobby, or goal. For example: He is enthusiastic about studying「彼は勉強に熱心だ」(かれはべんきょうにねっしんだ). She is passionate about her work「彼女は仕事に熱心です」(かのじょはしごとにねっしんです). The word can also be used to describe a group or organization that is dedicated to a cause, such as '熱心なボランティア (ねっしんなぼらんてぃあ)' (enthusiastic volunteers).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3891

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Extinction

Reading

Kanji

消Extinguish 滅Ruin, Destroy

Explanation

The Japanese noun '消滅 (しょうめつ)' primarily means 'extinction' or 'disappearance'. It is used to describe the complete cessation or vanishing of something, such as a species, a phenomenon, or even an organization. For example: the extinction of dinosaurs「恐竜の消滅」(きょうりゅうのしょうめつ). The disappearance of the village「村の消滅」(むらのしょうめつ). This word can also be used in legal or formal contexts to describe the dissolution or termination of entities, such as companies or rights. For instance: the dissolution of the company「会社の消滅」(かいしゃのしょうめつ). It is important to note that '消滅' carries a sense of finality and completeness in its disappearance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3892

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

God

Reading

Kanji

神God 様Way, Form

Explanation

The Japanese noun '神様 (かみさま)' refers to a 'god' or 'deity'. It is a respectful term used to refer to gods in various religions, including Shinto and Buddhism. The term carries a sense of reverence and is often used when speaking about or to a god. For example: I prayed to the god「神様に祈りました」(かみさまにいのりました). The god of this shrine is very powerful「この神社の神様はとても強いです」(このじんじゃのかみさまはとてもつよいです). The term can also be used metaphorically to refer to someone who is exceptionally skilled or revered in a particular field, such as 'a god of baseball'「野球の神様」(やきゅうのかみさま).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3894

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Base, Foot

Reading

Kanji

足Foot, Sufficient 元Origin

Explanation

The Japanese noun '足元 (あしもと)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'foot', referring to the area around one's feet or the ground beneath them. For example: be careful of your step「足元に気をつけて」(あしもとにきをつけて). The second meaning is 'base', often used metaphorically to refer to the foundation or support of something. For example: the company's base is strong「会社の足元は強い」(かいしゃのあしもとはつよい). This word is commonly used in both literal and figurative contexts, and its meaning can shift depending on the situation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3895

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Feed, Bait

Reading

Kanji

餌Feed

Explanation

The Japanese noun '餌 (えさ)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'feed', referring to food given to animals, such as pets or livestock. For example: I gave feed to the dog「犬に餌をあげた」(いぬにえさをあげた). The second meaning is 'bait', used in the context of fishing or trapping. For example: He put bait on the hook「彼は針に餌をつけた」(かれははりにえさをつけた). The word is versatile and can be used in both domestic and outdoor settings, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3896

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Male

Reading

Kanji

雄Male, Heroic

Explanation

The Japanese noun '雄 (おす)' refers to the male gender of animals. It is commonly used to specify the sex of animals, such as in '雄の犬 (おすのいぬ)' meaning 'male dog'. This term is not typically used for humans; instead, '男性 (だんせい)' or '男 (おとこ)' is used. Example sentences include: That is a male bird「あれは雄の鳥です」(あれはおすのとりです). The male lion is larger「雄のライオンは大きい」(おすのライオンはおおきい).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3897

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Strict

Reading

Kanji

厳Severe, Strict 重Heavy

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '厳重 (げんじゅう)' means 'strict' or 'severe'. It is often used to describe something that is very carefully controlled, tightly secured, or strictly enforced. This word can be applied to security measures, rules, or even warnings. For example: strict security measures were taken「厳重な警備が取られた」(げんじゅうなけいびがとられた). The teacher gave a strict warning「先生は厳重に注意した」(せんせいはげんじゅうにちゅういした). It can also imply a sense of seriousness or gravity in a situation, such as in '厳重な処置 (げんじゅうなしょち) (strict measures)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3899

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Valuables

Reading

Kanji

貴Precious 重Heavy 品Product

Explanation

The Japanese noun '貴重品 (きちょうひん)' refers to items that are of high value, either monetarily or sentimentally. This term is commonly used in contexts such as travel, hotels, or public places where people are advised to keep their valuables safe. For example: Please keep your valuables with you at all times「貴重品は常に身につけておいてください」(きちょうひんはつねにみにつけておいてください). The hotel provides a safe for valuables「ホテルは貴重品用の金庫を提供しています」(ホテルはきちょうひんようのきんこをていきょうしています). It's important to note that '貴重品' often implies items like jewelry, cash, passports, or other personal items that are not easily replaceable.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3900

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Strong, Powerful

Reading

Kanji

強Strong 力Power

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '強力 (きょうりょく)' means 'powerful' or 'strong'. It is used to describe something or someone that possesses great strength, force, or effectiveness. This term can be applied to physical strength, as well as to abstract concepts like influence or efficacy. For example: This medicine is powerful「この薬は強力だ」(このくすりはきょうりょくだ). He is a strong leader「彼は強力なリーダーだ」(かれはきょうりょくなリーダーだ). Note that '強力' is often used in contexts where the strength or power is notable or exceptional.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3901

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lid

Reading

Kanji

蓋Lid

Explanation

The Japanese noun '蓋 (ふた)' means 'lid'. It refers to a cover or top that is placed over a container to close or seal it. This word is commonly used in everyday contexts, such as when referring to the lid of a pot, jar, or bottle. For example: Please put the lid on the pot「鍋に蓋をしてください」(なべにふたをしてください). The lid of this jar is hard to open「この瓶の蓋は開けにくい」(このびんのふたはあけにくい). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that conceals or hides, as in '蓋をする (ふたをする)' which means 'to cover up' or 'to hide something'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3903

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Document

Reading

Kanji

文Sentence 献Offer, Offering

Explanation

The Japanese noun '文献 (ぶんけん)' refers to written documents or literature, often used in academic or research contexts. It typically denotes scholarly materials such as books, articles, or papers that provide information or evidence. For example: I read an old document「古い文献を読みました」(ふるいぶんけんをよみました). This research is based on reliable documents「この研究は信頼できる文献に基づいています」(このけんきゅうはしんらいできるぶんけんにもとづいています). The word is commonly used in formal settings and emphasizes the importance of written sources in study or analysis.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3904

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Footprint

Reading

Kanji

足Foot, Sufficient 跡Trace, Traces

Explanation

The Japanese noun '足跡 (あしあと)' means 'footprint'. It refers to the mark or impression left by a foot or shoe on a surface. This word is often used literally, such as when describing footprints in the sand or snow, but it can also be used metaphorically to describe the traces or evidence left behind by someone's actions or presence. For example: There were footprints in the snow「雪に足跡があった」(ゆきにあしあとがあった). His achievements left a significant mark「彼の功績は大きな足跡を残した」(かれのこうせきはおおきなあしあとをのこした).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3906

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Curiosity

Reading

Kanji

好Like, Fond 奇Strange, Unusual 心Heart

Explanation

The Japanese noun '好奇心 (こうきしん)' means 'curiosity'. It refers to a strong desire to know or learn something, often driven by interest or fascination. This word is commonly used in contexts where someone is eager to explore, discover, or understand new things. For example: Her curiosity led her to study abroad「彼女の好奇心が彼女を留学させた」(かのじょのこうきしんがかのじょをりゅうがくさせた). Children have a natural curiosity「子供は自然な好奇心を持っている」(こどもはしぜんなこうきしんをもっている). The word can also be used in phrases like '好奇心をそそる (こうきしんをそそる)', which means 'to pique one's curiosity'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3907

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Miracle

Reading

Kanji

奇Strange, Unusual 跡Trace, Traces

Explanation

The Japanese noun '奇跡 (きせき)' means 'miracle'. It refers to an extraordinary and welcome event that is not explicable by natural or scientific laws and is therefore attributed to a divine agency. This word is often used in religious, spiritual, or awe-inspiring contexts. For example: It was a miracle that he survived「彼が生き残ったのは奇跡だった」(かれがいきのこったのはきせきだった). The discovery of the cure was a miracle「その治療法の発見は奇跡だった」(そのちりょうほうのはっけんはきせきだった). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is highly unlikely or surprising, such as a miraculous comeback in sports or a rare natural phenomenon.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3908

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Glasses

Reading

Kanji

眼Eyeball 鏡Mirror

Explanation

The Japanese noun '眼鏡 (めがね)' refers to 'glasses' or 'spectacles', which are worn to correct or protect vision. This term is commonly used in everyday conversation when referring to eyewear. For example: I need new glasses「新しい眼鏡が必要です」(あたらしいめがねがひつようです). He is wearing glasses「彼は眼鏡をかけています」(かれはめがねをかけています). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe someone's perspective or viewpoint, as in '彼は現実を眼鏡を通して見ている' (かれはげんじつをめがねをとおしてみている) - 'He sees reality through glasses', implying a filtered or biased view.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3909

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Odd number

Reading

Kanji

奇Strange, Unusual 数Number

Explanation

The Japanese noun '奇数 (きすう)' means 'odd number,' referring to an integer that is not divisible by two. It is used in mathematical contexts or when classifying numbers based on their divisibility. For example: Three is an odd number 「3は奇数です」 (さんはきすうです). Odd numbers are often used in puzzles or games 「奇数はパズルやゲームによく使われます」 (きすうはぱずるやげーむによくつかわれます).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3911

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

History, Background

Reading

Kanji

経Manage, Elapse 歴Curriculum, Continuation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '経歴 (けいれき)' refers to a person's history or background, particularly in terms of their career, education, or personal experiences. It is often used when discussing someone's professional or academic journey. For example: His career history is impressive「彼の経歴は素晴らしい」(かれのけいれきはすばらしい). She has a diverse background「彼女は多様な経歴を持っている」(かのじょはたようなけいれきをもっている). This word is commonly used in formal contexts, such as job applications or introductions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3912

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

National

Reading

Kanji

国Country 立Stand

Explanation

The Japanese noun '国立 (こくりつ)' means 'national'. It is used to describe institutions or organizations that are established and funded by the national government. This term is commonly used in the names of national universities, museums, and parks. For example: national university「国立大学」(こくりつだいがく). national museum「国立博物館」(こくりつはくぶつかん). national park「国立公園」(こくりつこうえん). The term emphasizes the official and public nature of the institution, distinguishing it from private or local entities.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3913

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Academic background

Reading

Kanji

学Learn 歴Curriculum, Continuation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '学歴 (がくれき)' refers to a person's academic background or educational history. It is commonly used in contexts such as job applications, resumes, or discussions about someone's qualifications. For example: His academic background is impressive「彼の学歴はすごい」(かれのがくれきはすごい). The company values academic background「その会社は学歴を重視する」(そのかいしゃはがくれきをじゅうしする). It is important to note that '学歴' specifically refers to formal education, such as degrees or schools attended, rather than informal learning or skills.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3915

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Gradually

Reading

Kanji

徐Slowly, Gradually

Explanation

The Japanese noun '徐々 (じょじょ)' means 'gradually'. It is used to describe something that happens slowly over time, step by step, or in a steady progression. This word is often used in contexts where change or development occurs at a measured pace. For example: The pain gradually subsided「痛みが徐々に和らいだ」(いたみがじょじょにやわらいだ). The company is gradually expanding its business「会社は徐々に事業を拡大している」(かいしゃはじょじょにじぎょうをかくだいしている). Note that '徐々' is often paired with particles like 'に' to function as an adverb in sentences.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3917

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Meal

Reading

Kanji

飯Cooked rice, Food

Explanation

The Japanese noun '飯 (めし)' primarily means 'meal' or 'cooked rice'. It is a casual and somewhat colloquial term often used in everyday conversation. While it can refer to a meal in general, it is also specifically used to denote cooked rice, which is a staple of Japanese cuisine. For example: Let's eat a meal「飯を食べよう」(めしをたべよう). This rice is delicious「この飯は美味しい」(このめしはおいしい). The word can carry a slightly rough or masculine tone, so it is more commonly used among friends or in informal settings rather than in polite or formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3919

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

King

Reading

Kanji

王King 様Way, Form

Explanation

The Japanese noun '王様 (おうさま)' means 'king'. It is used to refer to a male monarch or ruler of a kingdom. This term carries a sense of respect and authority, often used in fairy tales, historical contexts, or to describe someone with great power or influence. For example: The king ruled the country wisely「王様は国を賢く治めた」(おうさまはくにをかしこくおさめた). The king wore a golden crown「王様は金色の王冠をかぶっていた」(おうさまはきんいろのおうかんをかぶっていた). Note that '王様' is more commonly used in storytelling or formal contexts, while '王 (おう)' is a more neutral term for 'king'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3920

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Architecture

Reading

Kanji

建Build 築Build, Fabricate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '建築 (けんちく)' refers to the act of constructing buildings or the field of architecture. It encompasses the design, planning, and construction of structures. This term is often used in professional and academic contexts related to building design and construction. For example: He studies architecture「彼は建築を勉強しています」(かれはけんちくをべんきょうしています). This building is a masterpiece of modern architecture「この建物は現代建築の傑作です」(このたてものはげんだいけんちくのけっさくです). The word can also be used to describe the style or method of construction, as in 'traditional Japanese architecture' (伝統的な日本建築, でんとうてきなにほんけんちく).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3921

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Legal

Reading

Kanji

法Law, Method 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '法的 (ほうてき)' means 'legal' or 'related to law'. It is used to describe something that pertains to the law or has a legal basis. This term is often used in formal or technical contexts, such as legal documents, discussions about regulations, or when referring to legal procedures. For example: legal measures「法的措置」(ほうてきそち). This is a legal requirement「これは法的な要件です」(これはほうてきなようけんです). The term can also be used to describe actions or decisions that are made in accordance with the law, such as '法的に正しい (ほうてきにただしい) (legally correct)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3922

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Grandmother

Reading

Kanji

祖Ancestor 母Mother

Explanation

The Japanese noun '祖母 (そぼ)' refers to one's grandmother, specifically the mother of one's father or mother. It is a formal and respectful term used to refer to one's grandmother in various contexts. For example: My grandmother is kind「私の祖母は優しい」(わたしのそぼはやさしい). I visited my grandmother「祖母を訪ねた」(そぼをたずねた). The term is commonly used in both spoken and written Japanese, and it carries a sense of respect and affection. It is important to note that '祖母' is used specifically for one's own grandmother, and not for someone else's grandmother, for which the term 'おばあさん' might be more appropriate.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3924

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Old

Reading

Kanji

古Old

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '古 (こ)' means 'old' and is used to indicate something ancient, traditional, or from the past. It often carries a sense of historical significance or antiquity. This prefix is commonly used in compound words to describe things like old buildings, traditions, or artifacts. For example: ancient capital「古都」(こと). old book「古本」(ふるほん). Note that while '古' can also be read as 'ふる' in some contexts, as a prefix it is typically read as 'こ'. The reading and meaning depend on the compound word it is part of.

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3925

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

New construction

Reading

Kanji

新New 築Build, Fabricate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '新築 (しんちく)' refers to the act of constructing a new building or the state of a building being newly constructed. It is commonly used in contexts related to real estate, housing, and architecture. For example: They are planning new construction「彼らは新築を計画しています」(かれらはしんちくをけいかくしています). This house is newly built「この家は新築です」(このいえはしんちくです). The term emphasizes the freshness and newness of the construction, often implying that the building has not been previously occupied or used.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3927

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Plan, Conception

Reading

Kanji

構Structure, Care 想Concept

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '構想 (こうそう)' refers to the act of conceiving or planning something, often in a creative or strategic context. It can describe the process of forming an idea or the blueprint for a project, story, or system. For example: The conception of this novel took years「この小説の構想には何年もかかりました」(このしょうせつのこうそうにはなんねんもかかりました). The plan for the new city was impressive「新しい都市の構想は印象的でした」(あたらしいとしのこうそうはいんしょうてきでした). This word is often used in contexts involving innovation, design, or strategy.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3928

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Quite, Fine

Reading

Kanji

結Tie, Bind 構Structure, Care

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '結構 (けっこう)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'fine' or 'sufficient', often used to express that something is acceptable or satisfactory. For example: This is fine「これで結構です」(これでけっこうです). The second meaning is 'quite' or 'fairly', used to indicate a moderate degree of something. For example: It's quite interesting「結構面白い」(けっこうおもしろい). The word can also be used politely to decline offers, as in 'No, thank you, I'm fine'「結構です」(けっこうです). The nuance of '結構' can vary depending on the context, so it's important to pay attention to the tone and situation in which it is used.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3929

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Family

Reading

Kanji

一One 家House

Explanation

The Japanese noun '一家 (いっか)' refers to a family or household as a unit. It is often used to describe a family in a collective sense, including all members living together. This term can also imply the family's lineage or household in a broader context. For example: The whole family went on a trip「一家で旅行に行った」(いっかでりょこうにいった). He supports his family「彼は一家を支えている」(かれはいっかをささえている). The word can also be used in contexts referring to a family business or a family's reputation, such as '一家の恥 (いっかのはじ)' meaning 'a family's shame'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3933

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Defendant

Reading

Kanji

被Incur, Be subjected to 告Announce

Explanation

The Japanese noun '被告 (ひこく)' refers to the 'defendant' in a legal context. This term is specifically used in court cases to denote the person or entity being accused or sued. It is a formal term commonly encountered in legal documents, news reports, and courtroom settings. For example: The defendant pleaded not guilty「被告は無罪を主張した」(ひこくはむざいをしゅちょうした). The defendant's lawyer presented new evidence「被告の弁護士が新しい証拠を提出した」(ひこくのべんごしがあたらしいしょうこをていしゅつした). This term is distinct from related legal terms like '原告 (げんこく)' (plaintiff) and '裁判官 (さいばんかん)' (judge).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3934

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Frame, Limit

Reading

Kanji

枠Frame

Explanation

The Japanese noun '枠 (わく)' primarily means 'frame' or 'limit'. As 'frame', it refers to a physical or conceptual structure that surrounds or encloses something, such as a picture frame or a window frame. For example: the frame of the picture is beautiful「その絵の枠は美しい」(そのえのわくはうつくしい). As 'limit', it refers to boundaries or constraints, whether physical, temporal, or abstract. For example: we need to work within the limits of the budget「予算の枠内で働く必要がある」(よさんのわくないではたらくひつようがある). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe societal or personal boundaries.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3935

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rank, About

Reading

Kanji

位Rank

Explanation

The Japanese noun '位 (くらい)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'rank', referring to a position or status within a hierarchy. For example: he holds a high rank「彼は高い位にある」(かれはたかいくらいにある). The second meaning is 'about', used to indicate an approximate amount or degree. For example: it's about 10 kilometers「10キロくらいです」(じゅっキロくらいです). The context usually makes it clear which meaning is intended. When used to mean 'about', it often follows a quantity or measurement.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3936

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Installation

Reading

Kanji

設Set up, Establish 置Put

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '設置 (せっち)' means 'installation'. It refers to the act of setting up or installing something, such as equipment, facilities, or systems. This word is commonly used in contexts involving construction, technology, or infrastructure. For example: The installation of the new air conditioner was completed「新しいエアコンの設置が完了した」(あたらしいエアコンのせっちがかんりょうした). The company plans to install solar panels「会社はソーラーパネルの設置を計画している」(かいしゃはソーラーパネルのせっちをけいかくしている). Note that '設置' is often used in formal or technical settings.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3937

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lap

Reading

Kanji

一One 周Circumference

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '一周 (いっしゅう)' primarily means 'lap' or 'one full circuit'. It is commonly used in contexts involving physical movement around a track, path, or any circular route. For example: I ran one lap around the park「公園を一周走った」(こうえんをいっしゅうはしった). The Earth completes one orbit around the Sun in a year「地球は一年で太陽を一周する」(ちきゅうはいちねんでたいようをいっしゅうする). This term can also be used metaphorically to describe completing a cycle or full rotation in various contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3938

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Countries

Reading

Kanji

各Each 国Country

Explanation

The Japanese noun '各国 (かっこく)' means 'countries'. It refers to multiple nations or states collectively. This term is often used in contexts discussing international relations, policies, or comparisons between different nations. For example: The policies vary by country「各国の政策は異なる」(かっこくのせいさくはことなる). Representatives from various countries attended the conference「各国の代表者が会議に出席した」(かっこくのだいひょうしゃがかいぎにしゅっせきした).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3941

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

England

Reading

Kanji

英England, Distinguished

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun '英 (えい)' primarily refers to 'England' or things related to England. It is often used in compound words to denote something of English origin or related to the English language. For example: English language「英語」(えいご). British person「英国人」(えいこくじん). It can also be part of names, such as '英子 (えいこ)', a common female given name. Note that while '英' can sometimes be used in other contexts, its primary and most common usage is in reference to England or English-related concepts.

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3943

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Crossing

Reading

Kanji

横Sideways 断Decide, Cut off

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '横断 (おうだん)' means 'crossing'. It refers to the act of crossing something, such as a street, river, or area. It is often used in contexts involving movement from one side to another. For example: crossing the street「横断歩道を渡る」(おうだんほどうをわたる). The word can also be used in broader contexts, such as crossing a desert「砂漠を横断する」(さばくをおうだんする). It is important to note that '横断' is often used in compound words, such as '横断歩道 (おうだんほどう)' (crosswalk).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3945

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Continuation

Reading

Kanji

継Succeed, Inherit 続Continue

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '継続 (けいぞく)' means 'continuation' or 'continuity'. It refers to the act of continuing something without interruption, maintaining a state or activity over time. This word is often used in formal or professional contexts, such as business, education, or personal goals. For example: The continuation of this project is essential「このプロジェクトの継続は重要です」(このぷろじぇくとのけいぞくはじゅうようです). We need to maintain the continuity of our efforts「私たちの努力の継続が必要です」(わたしたちのどりょくのけいぞくがひつようです). It can also be used in compound words like '継続性 (けいぞくせい)' (continuity) or '継続的 (けいぞくてき)' (continuous).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3946

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

West

Reading

Kanji

欧Europe, Europe 米Rice

Explanation

The Japanese noun '欧米 (おうべい)' refers to 'the West' or 'Western countries', specifically Europe and America. This term is often used in discussions comparing Eastern and Western cultures, technologies, or philosophies. For example: Western culture is interesting「欧米の文化は面白い」(おうべいのぶんかはおもしろい). I want to study in the West「欧米で勉強したい」(おうべいでべんきょうしたい). The term can also be used in contexts discussing globalization or international relations, highlighting the influence or characteristics of Western societies.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3947

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Venue

Reading

Kanji

会Meet 場Place

Explanation

The Japanese noun '会場 (かいじょう)' refers to a 'venue' or 'event space'. It is commonly used to describe the location where an event, meeting, or gathering takes place. This word is neutral and can be applied to various contexts, such as conferences, concerts, weddings, or exhibitions. For example: The venue for the concert is large「コンサートの会場は広い」(コンサートのかいじょうはひろい). Please go to the event venue「イベントの会場に行ってください」(イベントのかいじょうにいってください). Note that '会場' is often paired with specific event names or types to clarify the purpose of the venue.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3948

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Passive

Reading

Kanji

消Extinguish 極Extreme, Pole 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '消極的 (しょうきょくてき)' means 'passive'. It describes a lack of active involvement or initiative, often implying reluctance or hesitation to take action. This word is commonly used to describe behavior, attitudes, or approaches. For example: he has a passive attitude「彼は消極的な態度だ」(かれはしょうきょくてきなたいどだ). Her response was passive「彼女の反応は消極的だった」(かのじょのはんのうはしょうきょくてきだった). The term can also be used in contexts like '消極的な性格 (しょうきょくてきなせいかく)' (passive personality) or '消極的な選択 (しょうきょくてきなせんたく)' (passive choice).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3952

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Extreme

Reading

Kanji

極Extreme, Pole 端End, Edge

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '極端 (きょくたん)' means 'extreme'. It is used to describe something that is far beyond the norm or is at the furthest end of a spectrum. This word can be applied to actions, opinions, or situations that are notably excessive or radical. For example: His opinion is extreme「彼の意見は極端だ」(かれのいけんはきょくたんだ). She has an extreme way of thinking「彼女の考え方は極端だ」(かのじょのかんがえかたはきょくたんだ). It can also describe physical extremes, such as extreme weather「極端な天気」(きょくたんなてんき). Note that '極端' is often used in a negative context to imply something is overly excessive or unreasonable.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3953

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

North Korea

Reading

Kanji

北North 朝Morning 鮮Fresh, Vivid

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun '北朝鮮 (きたちょうせん)' refers to 'North Korea', the country officially known as the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK). This term is commonly used in Japanese media and everyday conversation to refer to the nation located on the northern part of the Korean Peninsula. For example: North Korea launched a missile「北朝鮮がミサイルを発射した」(きたちょうせんがミサイルをはっしゃした). The relationship between Japan and North Korea is complex「日本と北朝鮮の関係は複雑だ」(にほんときたちょうせんのかんけいはふくざつだ). The term is neutral in tone but carries geopolitical implications due to historical and political contexts.

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3956

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cutting edge

Reading

Kanji

最Most 先Before, Previous 端End, Edge

Explanation

The Japanese noun '最先端 (さいせんたん)' refers to the forefront or cutting-edge of technology, research, or innovation. It is often used to describe the most advanced or latest developments in a field. For example: This is the cutting-edge of technology「これは最先端の技術です」(これはさいせんたんのぎじゅつです). The company is at the forefront of medical research「その会社は最先端の医療研究を行っています」(そのかいしゃはさいせんたんのいりょうけんきゅうをおこなっています). The term emphasizes being ahead of others in progress or development.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3957

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Together

Reading

Kanji

一One 緒Beginning, Together

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '一緒 (いっしょ)' means 'together'. It is commonly used to indicate that people or things are in the same place, doing the same thing, or sharing the same state. It can also imply unity or cooperation. For example: Let's go together「一緒に行きましょう」(いっしょにいきましょう). We ate together「一緒に食べました」(いっしょにたべました). It is often used with particles like 'に' to form phrases like '一緒に (いっしょに)', which means 'together with'. This word is versatile and can be used in both casual and formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3958

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Foreign currency

Reading

Kanji

外Outside 貨Goods, Freight

Explanation

The Japanese noun '外貨 (がいか)' refers to 'foreign currency'. It is commonly used in contexts related to finance, travel, or international trade. For example: I exchanged yen for foreign currency「円を外貨に両替した」(えんをがいかにりょうがえした). The company holds foreign currency reserves「その会社は外貨準備を持っている」(そのかいしゃはがいかじゅんびをもっている). This term is essential when discussing exchange rates, international transactions, or travel preparations involving currency exchange.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3959

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Acquisition

Reading

Kanji

入Enter 手Hand

Explanation

The Japanese noun '入手 (にゅうしゅ)' means 'acquisition' or 'obtaining'. It refers to the act of acquiring or obtaining something, often something valuable or hard to get. This word is commonly used in contexts where someone has successfully obtained an item, information, or resource. For example: I finally acquired the rare book「やっとその珍しい本を入手した」(やっとそのめずらしいほんをにゅうしゅした). The company obtained the necessary permits「会社は必要な許可を入手した」(かいしゃはひつようなきょかをにゅうしゅした). It is often used in formal or business contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3960

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wheel

Reading

Kanji

車Car 輪Wheel, Ring

Explanation

The Japanese noun '車輪 (しゃりん)' means 'wheel'. It refers to the circular component that rotates on an axle and is used in vehicles, machinery, or other objects to enable movement. This word is commonly used in contexts related to transportation, mechanics, or everyday objects. For example: The wheel of the car is broken「車の車輪が壊れている」(くるまのしゃりんがこわれている). The bicycle has two wheels「自転車には車輪が二つある」(じてんしゃにはしゃりんがふたつある). Note that '車輪' is a compound word combining '車' (vehicle) and '輪' (ring/circle), emphasizing its connection to vehicles and circular motion.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3961

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Assumption

Reading

Kanji

想Concept 定Determine

Explanation

The Japanese noun '想定 (そうてい)' means 'assumption' or 'supposition'. It refers to a scenario or condition that is assumed or hypothesized for the purpose of planning, analysis, or discussion. This word is often used in contexts like business, disaster preparedness, or strategic planning. For example: We need to consider all possible assumptions「すべての想定を考慮する必要がある」(すべてのそうていをこうりょするひつようがある). The assumption of a natural disaster is crucial for emergency planning「自然災害の想定は緊急計画に重要だ」(しぜんさいがいのそうていはきんきゅうけいかくにじゅうようだ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3963

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Recovery

Reading

Kanji

回Revolve, Times 復Restore

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '回復 (かいふく)' means 'recovery'. It refers to the process of returning to a normal state of health, mind, or strength after an illness, injury, or difficult situation. It can also be used in contexts such as economic recovery or the recovery of lost items. For example: The patient's recovery was quick「患者の回復は早かった」(かんじゃのかいふくははやかった). The economy is showing signs of recovery「経済は回復の兆しを見せている」(けいざいはかいふくのきざしをみせている).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3965

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Traffic, Congestion

Reading

Kanji

渋Astringent, Not going smoothly 滞Stagnate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '渋滞 (じゅうたい)' primarily refers to 'traffic' or 'congestion'. It is commonly used to describe situations where vehicles are moving slowly or are at a standstill due to heavy traffic. It can also be used metaphorically to describe delays or bottlenecks in processes or systems. For example: The traffic is terrible today「今日は渋滞がひどい」(きょうはじゅうたいがひどい). There is congestion on the highway「高速道路で渋滞している」(こうそくどうろでじゅうたいしている). The meeting was delayed due to congestion in the schedule「スケジュールの渋滞で会議が遅れた」(スケジュールのじゅうたいでかいぎがおくれた).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3967

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Author

Reading

Kanji

著Renowned, Author 者Someone

Explanation

The Japanese noun '著者 (ちょしゃ)' refers to the 'author' of a written work, such as a book, article, or essay. It specifically denotes the person who has written or created the content. This term is commonly used in formal contexts, such as in bibliographies, academic papers, or book credits. For example: The author of this book is famous「この本の著者は有名です」(このほんのちょしゃはゆうめいです). I met the author of the novel「小説の著者に会いました」(しょうせつのちょしゃにあいました). Note that '著者' is distinct from '作家 (さっか)', which refers to a writer or novelist in a broader sense.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3970

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Temperate

Reading

Kanji

温Warm 帯Belt, Wear

Explanation

The Japanese noun '温帯 (おんたい)' refers to the 'temperate zone' or 'temperate region'. It is a geographical term used to describe the climate zone located between the tropics and the polar regions, characterized by moderate temperatures and distinct seasons. For example: Japan is located in the temperate zone「日本は温帯に位置している」(にほんはおんたいにいちしている). The temperate zone has four seasons「温帯には四季がある」(おんたいにはしきがある). This term is often used in discussions about climate, geography, and ecology.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3971

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Defense

Reading

Kanji

守Protect 備Equip, Provide

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '守備 (しゅび)' means 'defense'. It is commonly used in contexts related to sports, military, or general protection. In sports, it refers to the act of defending against an opponent's attack. For example: His defense is strong「彼の守備は強い」(かれのしゅびはつよい). The team needs to improve their defense「チームは守備を改善する必要がある」(チームはしゅびをかいぜんするひつようがある). In a broader sense, it can also refer to safeguarding or protecting something, such as in 'national defense' (国防, こくぼう).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3972

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Aspiration

Reading

Kanji

志Intention

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '志 (し)' is used to denote aspiration, ambition, or intention. It is often attached to nouns to form compound words that describe a person's goals or desires. For example: a person with a strong aspiration to become a doctor「医者志の学生」(いしゃしのがくせい). This suffix is commonly used in contexts related to career goals, personal ambitions, or specific intentions. It can also be seen in words like '学者志 (がくしゃし)', meaning 'aspiring scholar', or '作家志 (さっかし)', meaning 'aspiring writer'. Note that '志' can also be used as a standalone noun meaning 'will' or 'intention', but as a suffix, it specifically conveys the idea of aspiration or ambition.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3974

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Returning home

Reading

Kanji

帰Return 宅House

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '帰宅 (きたく)' means 'returning home'. It is used to describe the act of going back to one's home, typically after being out for work, school, or other activities. This term is often used in formal or written contexts. For example: I will be returning home late tonight「今夜は帰宅が遅くなります」(こんやはきたくがおそくなります). After returning home, I took a bath「帰宅してからお風呂に入りました」(きたくしてからおふろにはいりました). The term can also be used in compound verbs, such as '帰宅する (きたくする)', which means 'to return home'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3975

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Authority

Reading

Kanji

権Rights, Authority 威Might, Intimidate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '権威 (けんい)' refers to 'authority' in the sense of power, influence, or expertise. It is often used to describe someone or something that commands respect or is recognized as an expert in a particular field. For example: He is an authority in the field of science「彼は科学の分野で権威です」(かれはかがくのぶんやでけんいです). This book is considered an authority on Japanese history「この本は日本の歴史に関する権威とされています」(このほんはにほんのれきしにかんするけんいとされています). The word can also imply a sense of legitimacy or official power, such as in the context of institutions or leaders.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3977

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Occupation

Reading

Kanji

占Fortune telling 領Territory

Explanation

The Japanese noun '占領 (せんりょう)' refers to the act of occupying or taking control of a place, often by force. It is commonly used in historical or political contexts to describe the control of a territory by a foreign power. For example: The occupation lasted for ten years「占領は十年間続いた」(せんりょうはじゅうねんかんつづいた). The city was under military occupation「その都市は軍の占領下にあった」(そのとしはぐんのせんりょうかにあった). This term can also be used metaphorically to describe taking over or dominating a space or situation, such as in '占領する (せんりょうする)' meaning 'to occupy'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3978

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Nail

Reading

Kanji

爪Claw

Explanation

The Japanese noun '爪 (つめ)' refers to the 'nail' on a finger or toe. It is used to describe the hard, keratinous covering at the end of digits in humans and animals. For example: I cut my nails「爪を切った」(つめをきった). Her nails are long「彼女の爪は長い」(かのじょのつめはながい). This word can also be used metaphorically to describe something sharp or claw-like, but its primary meaning is related to the physical nail.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3979

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Residential area

Reading

Kanji

住Live 宅House 地Ground

Explanation

TheJapanese noun'住宅地(じゅうたくち)'means'residentialarea'.Itreferstoanareaorzonewherehousingpredominates,typicallycharacterizedbyhomes,apartments,andrelatedresidentialstructures.Thiswordisoftenusedinurbanplanning,realestate,anddailyconversationstodescribepartsofacityortownthatareprimarilyforlivingpurposes.Forexample:Iliveinaquietresidentialarea「私は静かな住宅地に住んでいます」(わたしはしずかなじゅうたくちにすんでいます).Thisareaisdevelopingintoanewresidentialarea「この地域は新しい住宅地に発展しています」(このちいきはあたらしいじゅうたくちにはってんしています).Notethat'住宅地'iscommonlyusedincontrasttocommercialorindustrialareas.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3980

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Address

Reading

Kanji

宛Address 先Before, Previous

Explanation

The Japanese noun '宛先 (あてさき)' refers to the 'address' of a person or place to which something is sent, such as a letter, package, or email. It is commonly used in contexts involving mailing or communication. For example: Please write the address here「ここに宛先を書いてください」(ここにあてさきをかいてください). I forgot to include the address「宛先を書き忘れました」(あてさきをかきわすれました). This word is essential in situations where specifying a destination is required.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3981

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Addressee

Reading

Kanji

宛Address 名Name

Explanation

The Japanese noun '宛名 (あてな)' refers to the name of the person or entity to whom something is addressed, such as a letter, package, or email. It is commonly used in formal and informal contexts when specifying the recipient of correspondence. For example: Please write the addressee here「ここに宛名を書いてください」(ここにあてなをかいてください). The addressee is incorrect「宛名が間違っています」(あてながまちがっています). This word is essential in contexts involving mail, deliveries, or any form of directed communication.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3982

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hand, Needle

Reading

Kanji

針Needle

Explanation

The Japanese noun '針 (はり)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'needle', referring to a thin, pointed object used for sewing or medical purposes. For example: She sewed with a needle「彼女は針で縫った」(かのじょははりでぬった). The second meaning is 'hand', specifically the hour or minute hand of a clock. For example: The clock's minute hand is broken「時計の針が壊れている」(とけいのはりがこわれている). The context usually makes it clear which meaning is intended, as the usage differs significantly between the two.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3983

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Republic

Reading

Kanji

共Together 和Peace

Explanation

The Japanese noun '共和 (きょうわ)' means 'republic'. It refers to a form of government where power is held by the people and their elected representatives, rather than a monarch. This term is often used in political or historical contexts. For example: France is a republic「フランスは共和制です」(フランスはきょうわせいです). The republic was established after the revolution「革命の後、共和制が確立された」(かくめいのあと、きょうわせいがかくりつされた). The word can also appear in compound terms like '共和国 (きょうわこく)' meaning 'republic' as in the name of a country.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3990

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Circumstances, Details

Reading

Kanji

経Manage, Elapse 緯Horizontal, Latitude

Explanation

The Japanese noun '経緯 (けいい)' refers to the sequence of events, details, or circumstances surrounding a situation. It is often used to explain the background or context of how something happened. For example: I want to know the details of the incident「その事件の経緯を知りたい」(そのじけんのけいいをしりたい). The circumstances leading to the decision were complicated「その決定に至った経緯は複雑だった」(そのけっていにいたったけいはふくざつだった). This word is commonly used in formal or explanatory contexts to provide a clear understanding of the progression of events.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3991

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Promissory note

Reading

Kanji

手Hand 形Shape

Explanation

The Japanese noun '手形 (てがた)' refers to a 'promissory note', which is a financial instrument where one party promises in writing to pay a determinate sum of money to the other, either at a fixed or determinable future time or on demand of the payee. It is commonly used in business transactions. For example: The company issued a promissory note「会社は手形を発行した」(かいしゃはてがたをはっこうした). He paid with a promissory note「彼は手形で支払った」(かれはてがたではらった). This term is specific to financial contexts and is not used in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3994

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Whole area

Reading

Kanji

一One 面Face, Surface

Explanation

The Japanese noun '一面 (いちめん)' refers to a 'whole area' or 'entire surface' of something. It is often used to describe a vast, uninterrupted expanse or a complete view of a particular scene or situation. For example: the whole area was covered in snow「一面が雪で覆われていた」(いちめんがゆきでおおわれていた). The entire surface of the lake was calm「湖の一面が静かだった」(みずうみのいちめんがしずかだった). This word can also be used metaphorically to describe a broad perspective or a comprehensive view of a situation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3996

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Residence

Reading

Kanji

住Live 居Reside, Be

Explanation

The Japanese noun '住居 (じゅうきょ)' refers to a place where someone lives, such as a house, apartment, or dwelling. It is a formal term often used in legal, official, or technical contexts. For example: This is my residence「ここは私の住居です」(ここはわたしのじゅうきょです). The residence is located in the city center「その住居は市の中心にあります」(そのじゅうきょはしのちゅうしんにあります). Note that '住居' is more formal than everyday terms like '家 (いえ)' or '住まい (すまい).'

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3997

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

One side

Reading

Kanji

片Fragment, One sided 側Side

Explanation

The Japanese noun '片側 (かたがわ)' means 'one side'. It refers to a single side of something, such as a road, object, or situation. It is often used in contexts where there is a clear distinction or separation between two sides. For example: Please walk on one side of the road「片側を歩いてください」(かたがわをあるいてください). The damage is only on one side of the building「建物の片側だけが損傷しています」(たてもののかたがわだけがそんしょうしています). This word is commonly used in everyday conversations, especially when giving directions or describing locations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3999

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Classic

Reading

Kanji

古Old 典Code, Rule

Explanation

The Japanese noun '古典 (こてん)' refers to something that is considered a classic, often in the context of literature, art, or music. It can denote works that have stood the test of time and are regarded as having significant historical or cultural value. For example: I enjoy reading classics「私は古典を読むのが好きです」(わたしはこてんをよむのがすきです). This museum has a collection of classical art「この美術館は古典美術のコレクションがあります」(このびじゅつかんはこてんびじゅつのコレクションがあります). The term can also be used more broadly to refer to traditional or ancient things in various fields.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4000

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Political party

Reading

Kanji

政Government, Politics 党Party, Faction

Explanation

The Japanese noun '政党 (せいとう)' refers to a 'political party'. This term is used to describe an organized group of people who share similar political goals and work together to influence government policies and gain political power. For example: The new political party was established「新しい政党が設立された」(あたらしいせいとうがせつりつされた). He joined a major political party「彼は主要な政党に加入した」(かれはしゅようなせいとうかにゅうした). The term is commonly used in discussions about politics, elections, and governance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4001

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Oil

Reading

Kanji

石Stone 油Oil

Explanation

The Japanese noun '石油 (せきゆ)' refers to 'oil', specifically petroleum or crude oil. It is commonly used in contexts related to energy, fuel, and industrial applications. For example: This country imports a lot of oil「この国は石油をたくさん輸入する」(このくにはせきゆをたくさんゆにゅうする). Oil is an important resource「石油は重要な資源だ」(せきゆはじゅうようなしげんだ). The word is often associated with discussions about energy production, environmental issues, and global markets.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4002

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Snake

Reading

Kanji

蛇Snake

Explanation

The Japanese noun '蛇 (へび)' means 'snake'. This word refers to the reptile characterized by its long, legless body. It is commonly used in both literal and figurative contexts. In Japanese culture, snakes can symbolize both positive traits like wisdom and protection, as well as negative traits like danger or deceit. Example sentences: I saw a snake in the garden「庭で蛇を見た」(にわでへびをみた). The snake is long「その蛇は長い」(そのへびはながい). Snakes are often featured in Japanese folklore and mythology, such as the legendary creature 'Yamata no Orochi' (八岐大蛇).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4003

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Backdoor

Reading

Kanji

裏Inside, Rear 口Mouth

Explanation

The Japanese noun '裏口 (うらぐち)' refers to a 'backdoor' or 'rear entrance'. It is commonly used to describe a secondary or less obvious entrance to a building, often used for practical or discreet purposes. In some contexts, it can also imply something done secretly or unofficially, such as '裏口入学 (うらぐちにゅうがく)', which refers to gaining admission through unofficial or unfair means. Example sentences: Please use the backdoor「裏口を使ってください」(うらぐちをつかってください). They entered through the backdoor「彼らは裏口から入った」(かれらはうらぐちからはいった).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4005

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Back gate

Reading

Kanji

裏Inside, Rear 門Gate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '裏門 (うらもん)' refers to a 'back gate' or 'rear entrance' of a building, estate, or compound. It is often used to describe a secondary or less prominent entrance, as opposed to the main gate. This term can be used in both literal and figurative contexts. For example: The back gate is closed「裏門は閉まっている」(うらもんはしまっている). He entered through the back gate「彼は裏門から入った」(かれはうらもんからはいった). In some cases, '裏門' can also imply a sense of secrecy or informality, as it is less visible than the main entrance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4007

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Both sides

Reading

Kanji

裏Inside, Rear 表Surface, Express

Explanation

The Japanese noun '裏表 (うらおもて)' refers to 'both sides' of something, such as a piece of paper, fabric, or even a situation. It can also imply the duality or contrast between two sides, such as the front and back or the surface and hidden aspects. For example: This paper has writing on both sides「この紙は裏表に字が書いてある」(このかみはうらおもてにじがかいてある). He has no ulterior motives, he is straightforward「彼には裏表がない」(かれにはうらおもてがない). The word can also metaphorically describe someone's honesty or lack of hidden intentions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4008

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Uterus

Reading

Kanji

子Child 宮Palace

Explanation

The Japanese noun '子宮 (しきゅう)' refers to the 'uterus', which is the organ in the female body where a baby develops during pregnancy. This term is commonly used in medical contexts, discussions about reproductive health, and biology. For example: The doctor examined her uterus「医者は彼女の子宮を検査した」(いしゃはかのじょのしきゅうをけんさした). The uterus is an important organ for reproduction「子宮は生殖にとって重要な器官です」(しきゅうはせいしょくにとってじゅうようなきかんです). The word is neutral in tone and is used in both formal and informal settings when discussing anatomy or health.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4009

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Trillion, Sign

Reading

Kanji

兆Omen, Trillion

Explanation

The Japanese noun '兆 (ちょう)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'sign', referring to an indication or omen of something that might happen in the future. For example: there are signs of rain「雨の兆がある」(あめのちょうがある). The second meaning is 'trillion', used in the context of numbers. For example: the national debt is over 100 trillion yen「国の借金は100兆円を超えている」(くにのしゃっきんはひゃくちょうえんをこえている). It's important to note that '兆' as 'trillion' is used in the Japanese numbering system, which differs from the Western system where 'trillion' represents a different numerical value.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4010

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Printing

Reading

Kanji

印Mark, Seal 刷Printing

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '印刷 (いんさつ)' means 'printing'. It refers to the process of producing text and images, typically with ink on paper, using a printing press or other methods. This term is commonly used in contexts related to publishing, office work, and manufacturing. For example: I will do the printing tomorrow「明日印刷をします」(あしたいんさつをします). This book is out of print「この本は絶版です」(このほんはぜっぱんです). Note that '印刷' can also be used in compound words, such as '印刷機 (いんさつき)' (printing machine) or '印刷物 (いんさつぶつ)' (printed matter).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4012

Composition

kanji

Handwriting