Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Composition

word

Meaning

Manners

Reading

Kanji

行Go 儀Ceremony

Explanation

The Japanese noun '行儀 (ぎょうぎ)' refers to 'manners' or 'behavior' in a social context. It is often used to describe how someone conducts themselves, particularly in terms of politeness, etiquette, or decorum. This word is commonly used in situations where proper behavior is expected, such as in formal settings, schools, or public places. For example: Good manners are important「行儀が大切です」(ぎょうぎがたいせつです). The child has bad manners「その子は行儀が悪い」(そのこはぎょうぎがわるい). It can also be used to describe the way something is done, such as '行儀よく食べる (ぎょうぎよくたべる)' meaning 'to eat politely'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4703

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Flag, National flag

Reading

Kanji

国Country 旗Flag

Explanation

The Japanese noun '国旗 (こっき)' refers to a 'flag' or specifically a 'national flag'. It is used to denote the official flag of a country, symbolizing its identity and sovereignty. For example: The national flag of Japan is beautiful「日本の国旗は美しい」(にほんのこっきはうつくしい). I saw many national flags at the event「イベントでたくさんの国旗を見た」(イベントでたくさんのこっきをみた). The word is commonly used in contexts related to national identity, international events, and ceremonies.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4705

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Deficit

Reading

Kanji

赤Red 字Character

Explanation

The Japanese noun '赤字 (あかじ)' primarily means 'deficit'. It is commonly used in financial contexts to describe a situation where expenses exceed income, resulting in a loss. The term can also be used metaphorically to describe any situation where there is a shortfall or lack. For example: The company is in deficit「その会社は赤字です」(そのかいしゃはあかじです). The government is facing a budget deficit「政府は予算の赤字に直面している」(せいふはよさんのあかじにちょくめんしている). The term is often used in business and economic discussions, and it is important to note that it carries a negative connotation, indicating financial trouble or imbalance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4706

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Commerce

Reading

Kanji

商Trade, Deal 業Business

Explanation

The Japanese noun '商業 (しょうぎょう)' refers to 'commerce' or 'trade'. It is used to describe the activity of buying and selling goods and services, especially on a large scale. This term is often used in contexts related to business, economics, and industry. For example: Commerce is important for the economy「商業は経済にとって重要です」(しょうぎょうはけいざいにとってじゅうようです). The city is a center of commerce「その都市は商業の中心です」(そのとしはしょうぎょうのちゅうしんです). The word can also appear in compound terms like '商業施設 (しょうぎょうしせつ)' (commercial facilities) or '商業地域 (しょうぎょうちいき)' (commercial district).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4707

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Premier

Reading

Kanji

総General, Total 理Reason

Explanation

The Japanese noun '総理 (そうり)' refers to the 'premier' or 'prime minister' of a country, specifically Japan. It is a formal term used to denote the head of the government. The word is often used in political contexts and news reports. For example: The premier will hold a press conference「総理が記者会見を行います」(そうりがきしゃかいけんをおこないます). The premier visited the disaster area「総理が被災地を訪問しました」(そうりがひさいちをほうもんしました). It is important to note that '総理' is often used in conjunction with '大臣 (だいじん)' to form '総理大臣 (そうりだいじん)', which is the full title for the prime minister of Japan.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4708

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hand, Nearby

Reading

Kanji

手Hand 元Origin

Explanation

The Japanese noun '手元 (てもと)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning refers to 'hand' or 'the area around one's hands,' often used to describe something being within reach or close to one's hands. The second meaning refers to something being 'nearby' or 'close at hand,' often used to describe objects or situations that are easily accessible. For example: Keep the book at hand「本を手元に置いておく」(ほんをてもとにおいておく). I always keep my phone nearby「いつも携帯を手元に置いている」(いつもけいたいをてもとにおいてる). The word can also be used in contexts like '手元に現金がない' (てもとにげんきんがない), meaning 'I don’t have cash on hand.'

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4709

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Logic, Sequence

Reading

Kanji

筋Muscle, Tendon 道Way

Explanation

The Japanese noun '筋道 (すじみち)' refers to a logical sequence or a coherent line of reasoning. It is often used to describe a well-structured argument, a clear process, or a systematic approach to solving a problem. For example: His explanation lacks logic「彼の説明には筋道がない」(かれのせつめいにはすじみちがない). Follow the proper sequence「筋道を追ってください」(すじみちをおってください). The word emphasizes the importance of clarity and order in thought or action.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4710

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cushion

Reading

Kanji

座Sit, Seat 布Cloth, Linen 団Group, Association

Explanation

The Japanese noun '座布団 (ざぶとん)' refers to a traditional Japanese cushion used for sitting on the floor. It is typically square-shaped, filled with cotton or other soft material, and often placed on tatami mats. '座布団' is commonly used in Japanese homes, especially during tea ceremonies or when sitting at a low table. Example sentences: Please sit on the cushion「座布団に座ってください」(ざぶとんにすわってください). This cushion is very comfortable「この座布団はとても快適です」(このざぶとんはとてもかいてきです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4712

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Disease

Reading

Kanji

疾Rapidly, Disease 患Ill, Afflicted

Explanation

The Japanese noun '疾患 (しっかん)' refers to a disease or medical condition. It is a formal term often used in medical contexts to describe illnesses or disorders. For example: He suffers from a rare disease「彼は珍しい疾患に苦しんでいる」(かれはめずらしいしっかんにくるしんでいる). Early detection of the disease is important「疾患の早期発見は重要です」(しっかんのそうきはっけんはじゅうようです). This term is commonly used in medical reports, research, and discussions about health conditions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4713

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Funeral

Reading

Kanji

葬Bury, Burial 儀Ceremony

Explanation

The Japanese noun '葬儀 (そうぎ)' refers to a funeral ceremony. It is used to describe the formal rituals and services held to honor and remember a deceased person. This word is commonly used in formal contexts and is associated with the cultural and religious practices surrounding death in Japan. For example: The funeral was held yesterday「葬儀は昨日行われた」(そうぎはきのうおこなわれた). Many people attended the funeral「多くの人が葬儀に参列した」(おおくのひとがそうぎにさんれつした). The word '葬儀' often carries a solemn and respectful tone, reflecting the importance of the event in Japanese culture.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4714

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Monthly

Reading

Kanji

毎Every 月Moon, Month

Explanation

The Japanese noun '毎月 (まいつき)' means 'monthly'. It refers to something that occurs or is done every month. This word is commonly used in contexts related to schedules, payments, or events that repeat on a monthly basis. For example: I pay rent monthly「私は毎月家賃を払います」(わたしはまいつきやちんをはらいます). The magazine is published monthly「その雑誌は毎月発行されます」(そのざっしはまいつきはっこうされます). Note that '毎月' is often used in formal or written contexts, but it can also be used in casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4715

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Eyebrow

Reading

Kanji

眉Eyebrows

Explanation

The Japanese noun '眉 (まゆ)' refers to the 'eyebrow', the strip of hair growing above the eye. This word is used in various contexts, from describing facial features to expressing emotions or reactions, as eyebrows play a significant role in non-verbal communication. For example: Her eyebrows are thick「彼女の眉は太い」(かのじょのまゆはふとい). He raised his eyebrows in surprise「彼は驚いて眉を上げた」(かれはおどろいてまゆをあげた). In Japanese culture, eyebrows can also be a focal point in beauty and fashion, with trends in shaping and styling them.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4716

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Idiom

Reading

Kanji

慣Accustomed 用Use 句Phrase, Paragraph

Explanation

The Japanese noun '慣用句 (かんようく)' refers to an 'idiom' or a set phrase that has a meaning not deducible from the individual words. These expressions are deeply rooted in the language and culture, often carrying nuances and connotations that are unique to Japanese. For example: He used an idiom to explain his point「彼は自分のポイントを説明するために慣用句を使った」(かれはじぶんのポイントをせつめいするためにかんようくをつかった). Learning idioms is essential for understanding Japanese culture「慣用句を学ぶことは日本文化を理解するために不可欠だ」(かんようくをまなぶことはにほんぶんかをりかいするためにふかけつだ). Idioms often reflect historical events, folklore, or common experiences, making them a rich area of study for language learners.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4718

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

In company

Reading

Kanji

社Company 内Inside

Explanation

The Japanese noun '社内 (しゃない)' refers to something that is within a company or organization. It is commonly used to describe activities, communications, or matters that occur inside a company. For example: in-company training「社内研修」(しゃないけんしゅう). The email is for internal use only「このメールは社内専用です」(このメールはしゃないせんようです). This term is often used in business contexts to distinguish between internal and external affairs.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4720

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Last third

Reading

Kanji

下Down 旬Decameron

Explanation

The Japanese noun '下旬 (げじゅん)' refers to the 'last third' of a month, specifically the period from the 21st to the end of the month. It is commonly used in contexts related to time, scheduling, or planning. For example: The event will be held in the last third of October「イベントは10月の下旬に開催されます」(イベントはじゅうがつのげじゅんにかいさいされます). The report is due by the last third of this month「レポートは今月の下旬までに提出してください」(レポートはこんげつのげじゅんまでにていしゅつしてください). This term is often used in formal or business settings to specify dates or deadlines.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4722

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

First ten days of the month

Reading

Kanji

上Up 旬Decameron

Explanation

The Japanese noun '上旬 (じょうじゅん)' refers to the first 10 days of a month. It is commonly used in contexts where specifying a time period within a month is necessary, such as scheduling, planning, or reporting. For example: The event will be held in the first 10 days of March「イベントは3月上旬に開催されます」(イベントはさんがつじょうじゅんにかいさいされます). I will submit the report by the first 10 days of next month「来月上旬までにレポートを提出します」(らいげつじょうじゅんまでにレポートをていしゅつします).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4723

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Below

Reading

Kanji

下Down 記Record

Explanation

The Japanese noun '下記 (かき)' means 'below' or 'the following'. It is commonly used in written contexts, such as documents, articles, or instructions, to refer to information that is listed or explained further down in the text. For example: please refer to the information below「下記の情報をご参照ください」(かきのじょうほうをごさんしょうください). The details are as follows「下記の通りです」(かきのとおりです). This word is often used in formal or business settings to direct the reader's attention to specific details or instructions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4724

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ice

Reading

Kanji

氷Ice

Explanation

The Japanese noun '氷 (こおり)' means 'ice'. This word refers to the solid form of water, typically found in cold environments or created artificially. It is commonly used in everyday contexts, such as describing ice cubes, icy surfaces, or frozen conditions. For example: The lake is covered with ice「湖は氷で覆われている」(みずうみはこおりでおおわれている). Please put some ice in the drink「飲み物に氷を入れてください」(のみものにこおりをいれてください). The word can also appear in compound nouns, such as '氷水 (こおりみず)' meaning 'ice water'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4725

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Slope

Reading

Kanji

坂Slope

Explanation

The Japanese noun '坂 (さか)' means 'slope' or 'hill'. It refers to an inclined surface, such as a road or path that goes up or down. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation and place names. For example: The slope is steep「坂が急です」(さかがきゅうです). Let's walk up the hill「坂を登りましょう」(さかをのぼりましょう). The nuance of this word is neutral and can refer to both gentle and steep slopes. It is often used in contexts related to travel, hiking, or describing terrain.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4726

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

United states military

Reading

Kanji

米Rice 軍Army

Explanation

The Japanese noun '米軍 (べいぐん)' refers specifically to the United States military. The term is a combination of '米 (べい)', which is short for 'アメリカ (America)', and '軍 (ぐん)', meaning 'military' or 'armed forces'. This word is commonly used in news, political discussions, or historical contexts to refer to the US military presence or actions. For example: The US military has a base in Japan「米軍は日本に基地を持っている」(べいぐんはにほんにきちをもっている). The US military conducted joint exercises「米軍は合同演習を行った」(べいぐんはごうどうえんしゅうをおこなった). Note that '米軍' is a formal term and is not typically used in casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4727

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Theme

Reading

Kanji

主Master 題Topic

Explanation

The Japanese noun '主題 (しゅだい)' means 'theme'. It refers to the main subject or central topic of a discussion, piece of writing, artwork, or any other form of expression. This word is commonly used in academic, literary, and artistic contexts. For example: the theme of the novel is love「小説の主題は愛です」(しょうせつのしゅだいはあいです). The theme of the conference is environmental protection「会議の主題は環境保護です」(かいぎのしゅだいはかんきょうほごです). It can also be used in music to describe the main melody or motif, as in 'the theme of the symphony is very memorable'「交響曲の主題はとても印象的です」(こうきょうきょくのしゅだいはとてもいんしょうてきです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4729

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pediatrics

Reading

Kanji

小Small 児Child 科Section, Department

Explanation

The Japanese noun '小児科 (しょうにか)' refers to the medical field of pediatrics, which is the branch of medicine dealing with the health and medical care of infants, children, and adolescents. This term is commonly used in medical contexts, such as hospitals or clinics, to denote the department or specialty focused on children's health. For example: I work in pediatrics「私は小児科で働いています」(わたしはしょうにかではたらいています). My child is being treated in the pediatrics department「私の子供は小児科で治療を受けています」(わたしのこどもはしょうにかでちりょうをうけています).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4733

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Theater

Reading

Kanji

劇Drama 場Place

Explanation

The Japanese noun '劇場 (げきじょう)' refers to a 'theater', specifically a place where performances such as plays, musicals, or movies are held. It is commonly used to describe venues for live performances or cinemas. For example: Let's go to the theater「劇場に行きましょう」(げきじょうにいきましょう). The theater is crowded today「劇場は今日混んでいます」(げきじょうはきょうこんでいます). This word is often used in contexts related to entertainment and cultural events.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4734

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Court

Reading

Kanji

朝Morning 廷Court

Explanation

The Japanese noun '朝廷 (ちょうてい)' refers to the imperial court or the government under the emperor in historical contexts. It specifically denotes the central administrative and ceremonial institution of the Japanese monarchy, particularly during the Heian period and earlier. This term is often used in historical or literary contexts to describe the political and social center of ancient Japan. For example: The emperor held power at the court「天皇は朝廷で権力を握っていた」(てんのうはちょうていでけんりょくをにぎっていた). The court was the center of politics「朝廷は政治の中心だった」(ちょうていはせいじのちゅうしんだった). Note that this term is archaic and not commonly used in modern contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4735

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Neglect

Reading

Kanji

放Release 置Put

Explanation

The Japanese noun '放置 (ほうち)' means 'neglect' or 'leaving something as it is without taking action'. It is often used to describe situations where something is ignored or abandoned, either intentionally or unintentionally. For example: the neglect of the problem led to bigger issues「問題の放置が大きな問題を引き起こした」(もんだいのほうちがおおきなもんだいをひきおこした). The car was left abandoned on the side of the road「車が道端に放置されていた」(くるまがみちばたにほうちされていた). This word can also be used in contexts like '放置プレイ (ほうちプレイ)', which refers to a gaming strategy where the player leaves the game running without active input.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4737

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Proof

Reading

Kanji

証Evidence

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '証 (しょう)' means 'proof' or 'evidence'. It is often attached to nouns to indicate something that serves as proof or certification. For example, a '免許証 (めんきょしょう)' is a 'license' or 'certificate', and a '身分証明書 (みぶんしょうめいしょ)' is an 'identification document'. This suffix is commonly used in formal or legal contexts. Example sentences: This is proof of my identity「これは私の身分証です」(これはわたしのみぶんしょうです). Please show your license「免許証を見せてください」(めんきょしょうをみせてください).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4738

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ophthalmology

Reading

Kanji

眼Eyeball 科Section, Department

Explanation

The Japanese noun '眼科 (がんか)' refers to the medical field of ophthalmology, which deals with the diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders. It is also commonly used to refer to an eye clinic or an ophthalmologist's office. For example: I went to the eye clinic「眼科に行きました」(がんかにいきました). She is an ophthalmologist「彼女は眼科医です」(かのじょはがんかいです). The term is often used in medical contexts and is essential for discussing eye health or seeking medical attention for eye-related issues.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4740

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Nearsightedness

Reading

Kanji

近Near 眼Eyeball

Explanation

The Japanese noun '近眼 (きんがん)' refers to the condition of being nearsighted, meaning one can see nearby objects clearly but distant objects appear blurry. It is commonly used in medical or everyday contexts to describe vision impairment. For example: I have nearsightedness「私は近眼です」(わたしはきんがんです). Nearsightedness makes it hard to see far away「近眼だと遠くが見えにくい」(きんがんだととおくがみえにくい). This term is often used in discussions about eye health or when describing someone's vision.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4741

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Consistency

Reading

Kanji

一One 貫Pierce, Sushi counter

Explanation

The Japanese noun '一貫 (いっかん)' primarily means 'consistency' or 'coherence'. It refers to the quality of being consistent, logical, or unchanging in thought, action, or principle. This word is often used in contexts where maintaining a steady approach or principle is important. For example: His argument lacks consistency「彼の議論には一貫性がない」(かれのぎろんにはいっかんせいがない). The company has maintained a consistent policy「その会社は一貫した方針を維持している」(そのかいしゃはいっかんしたほうしんをいじしている). Note that '一貫' can also be used in compound words like '一貫性 (いっかんせい)' to emphasize the concept of consistency.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4744

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Headquarters

Reading

Kanji

本Book, Origin 社Company

Explanation

The Japanese noun '本社 (ほんしゃ)' refers to the 'headquarters' or 'main office' of a company or organization. It is the central location where the primary operations and management of the organization are conducted. For example: The headquarters is in Tokyo「本社は東京にあります」(ほんしゃはとうきょうにあります). I work at the headquarters「私は本社で働いています」(わたしはほんしゃではたらいています). This term is commonly used in business contexts to distinguish the main office from branch offices or subsidiaries.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4745

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sleep

Reading

Kanji

睡Sleep, Drowsy 眠Sleep, Sleepy

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '睡眠 (すいみん)' refers to the act or state of sleeping. It is commonly used in contexts related to health, well-being, and daily routines. For example: I need more sleep「もっと睡眠が必要です」(もっとすいみんがひつようです). Good sleep is important for health「良い睡眠は健康に重要です」(よいすいみんはけんこうにじゅうようです). This word is often used in medical or scientific discussions about sleep quality, disorders, or habits. It can also appear in phrases like '睡眠不足 (すいみんぶそく)' (lack of sleep) or '睡眠時間 (すいみんじかん)' (sleep duration).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4747

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vertical

Reading

Kanji

垂Hang down 直Straight, Repair

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '垂直 (すいちょく)' means 'vertical'. It is used to describe something that is perpendicular to the horizon or at a right angle to a horizontal plane. This term is commonly used in contexts such as geometry, architecture, and everyday descriptions. For example: the wall is vertical「壁は垂直です」(かべはすいちょくです). The tower stands vertically「塔は垂直に立っている」(とうはすいちょくにたっている). It can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is straightforward or direct, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4748

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tumulus

Reading

Kanji

古Old 墳Mound, Tomb

Explanation

The Japanese noun '古墳 (こふん)' refers to an ancient burial mound or tumulus, typically built during the Kofun period (250–538 AD) in Japan. These mounds were constructed as tombs for powerful leaders and are often keyhole-shaped, surrounded by moats. The term is used in historical and archaeological contexts. For example: The tumulus is a historical site「その古墳は歴史的な場所です」(そのこふんはれきしてきなばしょです). We visited a large tumulus「大きな古墳を訪れました」(おおきなこふんをおとずれました).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4750

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Conflict

Reading

Kanji

紛In a tangle, Distract 争Dispute

Explanation

The Japanese noun '紛争 (ふんそう)' refers to 'conflict' or 'dispute'. It is commonly used to describe situations of disagreement, strife, or contention, whether on a personal, social, or international level. This word often appears in contexts involving political, legal, or military conflicts. For example: The two countries are in conflict「二つの国が紛争中です」(ふたつのくにがふんそうちゅうです). The labor dispute has been resolved「労働紛争は解決しました」(ろうどうふんそうはかいけつしました). Note that '紛争' carries a formal tone and is typically used in serious or large-scale situations, distinguishing it from more casual terms like '喧嘩 (けんか)' which refers to smaller-scale arguments or fights.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4752

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Existence

Reading

Kanji

有Exist

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '有 (ゆう)' is used to indicate the existence or possession of something. It is often attached to nouns to form compound words that convey the idea of 'having' or 'being endowed with'. For example: useful「有効な」(ゆうこうな). This prefix is commonly used in formal or technical contexts. Another example: profitable「有益な」(ゆうえきな). It's important to note that '有' can also be used in standalone words, such as '有る (ある)', which means 'to exist' or 'to have'.

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4753

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Half body

Reading

Kanji

半Half 身Body, Self

Explanation

The Japanese noun '半身 (はんしん)' literally means 'half of the body'. It is often used in contexts such as martial arts, yoga, or physical training to refer to the upper or lower half of the body. For example: focus on your upper half「上半身に集中する」(じょうはんしんにしゅうちゅうする). In martial arts, it can also refer to a stance where only half of the body is exposed to the opponent. Additionally, it can be used metaphorically to describe partial involvement or commitment, such as 'half-hearted'. Example: he gave a half-hearted effort「彼は半身の努力をした」(かれははんしんのどりょくをした).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4759

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Parentheses

Reading

Kanji

括Bind, Fasten 弧Arc, Arch

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '括弧 (かっこ)' refers to 'parentheses' or 'brackets'. It is used to indicate a pair of punctuation marks that enclose additional information or asides within a sentence. In Japanese, there are different types of brackets, such as 丸括弧 (まるかっこ) for round brackets (), 角括弧 (かくかっこ) for square brackets [], and 波括弧 (なみかっこ) for curly brackets {}. Example sentences: Please put the word in parentheses「その言葉を括弧に入れてください」(そのことばをかっこにいれてください). The explanation is in brackets「説明は括弧内にあります」(せつめいはかっこないにあります).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4763

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Command

Reading

Kanji

指Finger 揮Wield, Display

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '指揮 (しき)' means 'command' or 'directing'. It is commonly used in contexts where someone is leading or managing a group, such as in military, musical, or organizational settings. For example: The conductor is directing the orchestra「指揮者がオーケストラを指揮している」(しきしゃがオーケストラをしきしている). The general commanded the troops「将軍が部隊を指揮した」(しょうぐんがぶたいをしきした). This word emphasizes the act of guiding or controlling a group or activity, often with authority or expertise.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4764

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Salvation

Reading

Kanji

救Rescue 済Finish, Settle

Explanation

The Japanese noun '救済 (きゅうさい)' primarily means 'salvation' or 'relief'. It is often used in contexts related to saving or rescuing someone from a difficult situation, whether it be physical, emotional, or spiritual. This term can be found in both religious and secular contexts. For example: The charity provided salvation to the victims「その慈善団体は被害者に救済を提供した」(そのじぜんだんたいはひがいしゃにきゅうさいをていきょうした). The government announced a relief plan for the disaster-stricken area「政府は被災地への救済策を発表した」(せいふはひさいちへのきゅうさいさくをはっぴょうした). In religious contexts, it often refers to spiritual salvation, such as in the phrase '救済の道 (きゅうさいのみち)', meaning 'the path to salvation'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4765

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Boundary

Reading

Kanji

境Boundary, Border 界World

Explanation

The Japanese noun '境界 (きょうかい)' refers to a boundary or border, often used to describe a physical or conceptual line separating two areas, ideas, or states. It can be used in various contexts, such as geographical boundaries, personal limits, or abstract distinctions. For example: the boundary between the two countries「二つの国の境界」(ふたつのくにのきょうかい). The boundary between dreams and reality「夢と現実の境界」(ゆめとげんじつのきょうかい). This word is commonly used in both literal and metaphorical contexts, emphasizing the idea of separation or division.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4766

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Inevitability

Reading

Kanji

必Inevitable, Certain 然Sort of thing, In that case

Explanation

The Japanese noun '必然 (ひつぜん)' means 'inevitability'. It refers to something that is certain to happen or cannot be avoided. This word is often used in philosophical, logical, or formal contexts to describe outcomes or events that are bound to occur due to certain conditions or laws. For example: the inevitability of change「変化の必然」(へんかのひつぜん). It was inevitable that he would succeed「彼が成功するのは必然だった」(かれがせいこうするのはひつぜんだった). The word can also imply a sense of necessity or logical consequence, as in '必然の結果 (ひつぜんのけっか) (inevitable result)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4767

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Faith

Reading

Kanji

信Trust 仰Look up

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '信仰 (しんこう)' means 'faith' or 'belief'. It refers to a strong belief in a religion, deity, or spiritual practice. This word is often used in contexts related to religious devotion or trust in a higher power. For example: he has strong faith in Buddhism「彼は仏教に強い信仰を持っている」(かれはぶっきょうにつよいしんこうをもっている). Faith can move mountains「信仰は山をも動かす」(しんこうはやまをもうごかす). The word is commonly used in both formal and informal settings to discuss religious or spiritual matters.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4768

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Coincidence

Reading

Kanji

偶Couple, By chance 然Sort of thing, In that case

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '偶然 (ぐうぜん)' means 'coincidence'. It refers to something happening by chance, without any deliberate intention or planning. This word is often used to describe unexpected events or encounters that seem to happen by luck or fate. For example: It was a coincidence that we met「偶然会った」(ぐうぜんあった). By coincidence, I found the book I was looking for「偶然、探していた本を見つけた」(ぐうぜん、さがしていたほんをみつけた). The word can also be used to express surprise or wonder at how things align unexpectedly.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4769

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Even

Reading

Kanji

偶Couple, By chance 数Number

Explanation

The Japanese noun '偶数 (ぐうすう)' refers to an 'even number', which is an integer divisible by 2. This term is commonly used in mathematics, everyday counting, and contexts where numerical parity is relevant. For example: 4 is an even number「4は偶数です」(よんはぐうすうです). The sum of two even numbers is also even「2つの偶数の和も偶数です」(ふたつのぐうすうのわもぐうすうです). The concept of even numbers is fundamental in arithmetic and is often contrasted with odd numbers (奇数, きすう).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4770

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

School, Cram

Reading

Kanji

塾Private school, Cram school

Explanation

The Japanese noun '塾 (じゅく)' primarily refers to a 'cram school', which is a specialized educational institution that offers supplementary classes, often to help students prepare for entrance exams or improve their academic performance. It can also refer to a private school or academy in a broader sense. Example sentences: I go to a cram school after regular school「私は学校の後で塾に行きます」(わたしはがっこうのあとでじゅくにいきます). This cram school is famous for its high exam pass rate「この塾は高い合格率で有名です」(このじゅくはたかいごうかくりつでゆうめいです). The word is commonly used in the context of education and is often associated with intensive study and exam preparation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4771

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Weather

Reading

Kanji

天Heaven 気Spirit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '天気 (てんき)' means 'weather'. It refers to the state of the atmosphere at a particular place and time, including temperature, precipitation, and other meteorological conditions. This word is commonly used in everyday conversations to discuss or inquire about the weather. For example: The weather is nice today「今日は天気がいい」(きょうはてんきがいい). What will the weather be like tomorrow?「明日の天気はどうですか？」(あしたのてんきはどうですか？). It can also be used in expressions like 'good weather' (いい天気, いてんき) or 'bad weather' (悪い天気, わるいてんき).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4772

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cultivation

Reading

Kanji

栽Plant, Planting 培Cultivate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '栽培 (さいばい)' means 'cultivation'. It refers to the process of growing and nurturing plants, crops, or other agricultural products. This term is commonly used in contexts related to farming, gardening, or horticulture. For example: The cultivation of rice is important in Japan「米の栽培は日本で重要です」(こめのさいばいはにほんでじゅうようです). They are cultivating vegetables in the garden「彼らは庭で野菜を栽培しています」(かれらはにわでやさいをさいばいしています). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe the nurturing or development of skills, ideas, or relationships, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4775

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Caution

Reading

Kanji

警Warn 戒Admonish, Commandment

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '警戒 (けいかい)' means 'caution' or 'vigilance'. It refers to the act of being watchful or alert to potential danger or trouble. This word is often used in contexts where one needs to be careful or on guard, such as in security, safety, or even interpersonal relationships. For example: The police are on high alert「警察は警戒を強めている」(けいさつはけいかいをつよめている). We must be cautious of natural disasters「自然災害に警戒しなければならない」(しぜんさいがいにけいかいしなければならない). The word can also be used in phrases like '警戒心 (けいかいしん)', which means 'sense of caution' or 'wariness'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4776

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reception

Reading

Kanji

受Accept 信Trust

Explanation

The Japanese noun '受信 (じゅしん)' refers to the act of receiving or the state of being received, particularly in the context of signals, messages, or data. It is commonly used in technical or communication-related contexts, such as receiving radio signals, emails, or other forms of electronic communication. For example: The reception of the radio signal is weak「ラジオの受信が弱い」(ラジオのじゅしんがよわい). I received an email「メールを受信した」(メールをじゅしんした). This term is often paired with its counterpart '送信 (そうしん)', which means 'transmission' or 'sending'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4777

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Geography

Reading

Kanji

地Ground 理Reason

Explanation

The Japanese noun '地理 (ちり)' refers to 'geography'. It is used to describe the study of the Earth's physical features, climate, and human activity, as well as the arrangement of places and physical features. For example: I like studying geography「私は地理を勉強するのが好きです」(わたしはちりをべんきょうするのがすきです). The geography of this region is complex「この地域の地理は複雑です」(このちいきのちりはふくざつです). This term is commonly used in academic and educational contexts, and it can also refer to the physical characteristics of a particular area.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4778

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Regret

Reading

Kanji

後After, Behind 悔Repent, Regret

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '後悔 (こうかい)' means 'regret'. It refers to the feeling of sadness, repentance, or disappointment over something that has happened or something one has done. It is often used to express remorse or a wish that things had been done differently. For example: I regret not studying harder「もっと勉強しなかったことを後悔している」(もっとべんきょうしなかったことをこうかいしている). He regrets his decision「彼は自分の決断を後悔している」(かれはじぶんのけつだんをこうかいしている). This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to express personal feelings of regret.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4782

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sumo

Reading

Kanji

相Mutual 撲Slap, Deal a blow

Explanation

The Japanese noun '相撲 (すもう)' refers to the traditional Japanese sport of sumo wrestling. Sumo is a competitive full-contact wrestling sport where a wrestler (rikishi) aims to force his opponent out of a circular ring (dohyō) or to touch the ground with any part of his body other than the soles of his feet. Sumo has deep cultural and historical significance in Japan, often associated with Shinto rituals. Example sentences: I enjoy watching sumo「相撲を見るのが好きです」(すもうをみるのがすきです). Sumo wrestlers are very strong「相撲取りはとても強いです」(すもうとりはとてもつよいです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4783

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sisters

Reading

Kanji

姉Older sister 妹Younger sister

Explanation

The Japanese noun '姉妹 (しまい)' refers to 'sisters'. It specifically denotes a pair or group of female siblings. This term is often used in contexts discussing family relationships or to metaphorically describe close relationships between entities, such as sister cities or sister schools. For example: They are sisters「彼女たちは姉妹です」(かのじょたちはしまいです). Our school has a sister school in Japan「私たちの学校は日本に姉妹校があります」(わたしたちのがっこうはにほんにしまいこうがあります). The term can also be used in broader contexts to describe things that are closely related or paired, such as 'sister companies'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4788

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Deliberation

Reading

Kanji

審Investigate, Judge 議Deliberation

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '審議 (しんぎ)' refers to the act of careful consideration or discussion, often in a formal or official context. It is commonly used in settings such as government, committees, or organizations where decisions are made after thorough discussion. For example: The committee is in deliberation「委員会は審議中です」(いいんかい は しんぎちゅう です). The bill is under deliberation「法案は審議中です」(ほうあん は しんぎちゅう です). This term emphasizes the process of weighing options and discussing details before reaching a conclusion.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4792

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Medical care

Reading

Kanji

診Examine a patient, Diagnose 療Cure, Heal

Explanation

The Japanese noun '診療 (しんりょう)' refers to medical care or treatment provided by a doctor or medical professional. It encompasses the process of diagnosing and treating patients. This term is often used in contexts related to hospitals, clinics, or healthcare services. For example: The hospital provides excellent medical care「その病院は優れた診療を提供します」(そのびょういんはすぐれたしんりょうをていきょうします). The doctor is in charge of medical care「その医師は診療を担当しています」(そのいしはしんりょうをたんとうしています). Note that '診療' is commonly used in formal or professional settings and is distinct from general health-related terms like '治療 (ちりょう)' (treatment) or '診察 (しんさつ)' (medical examination).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4794

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Less

Reading

Kanji

未Not yet 満Full

Explanation

The Japanese noun '未満 (みまん)' means 'less than' or 'under'. It is used to indicate that something does not meet a certain threshold or standard. For example: children under 12 years old「12歳未満の子供」(12さいみまんのこども). The temperature is below freezing「氷点未満の気温」(ひょうてんみまんのきおん). This word is often used in formal or technical contexts, such as legal documents, rules, or specifications. It is important to note that '未満' is used exclusively for quantities or measurements that are strictly below the stated value, not equal to it.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4796

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lines

Reading

Kanji

台Pedestal, Machine 詞Poetry, Words

Explanation

The Japanese noun '台詞 (せりふ)' refers to the lines or dialogue spoken by a character in a play, movie, or any performance. It can also be used more broadly to refer to what someone says in a particular situation, often implying that the words are scripted or rehearsed. For example: The actor forgot his lines「俳優は台詞を忘れた」(はいゆうはせりふをわすれた). She always has the same lines「彼女はいつも同じ台詞を言う」(かのじょはいつもおなじせりふをいう). This term is commonly used in the context of theater and film, but can also be applied to everyday situations where someone is repeating a familiar or expected statement.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4804

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Relief, Mitigation

Reading

Kanji

緩Easy, Loose 和Peace

Explanation

The Japanese noun '緩和 (かんわ)' refers to the act of making something less severe, intense, or strict. It is often used in contexts such as easing pain, reducing tension, or relaxing rules. For example: The medicine provided relief from the pain「薬が痛みの緩和をもたらした」(くすりがいたみのかんわをもたらした). The government announced the mitigation of restrictions「政府は規制の緩和を発表した」(せいふはきせいのかんわをはっぴょうした). Note that '緩和' is commonly used in medical, legal, and policy-related contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4807

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Late night

Reading

Kanji

深Deep 夜Night

Explanation

The Japanese noun '深夜 (しんや)' refers to the late hours of the night, typically after midnight. It is often used to describe activities or events that occur during this time, such as late-night work, broadcasting, or transportation. For example: I work late at night「私は深夜に働く」(わたしはしんやにはたらく). The train runs until late at night「電車は深夜まで走る」(でんしゃはしんやまではしる). This term is commonly used in contexts like '深夜番組 (しんやばんぐみ) (late-night show)' or '深夜営業 (しんやえいぎょう) (late-night business hours)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4808

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Boast

Reading

Kanji

自Self 慢Ridicule, Arrogant

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '自慢 (じまん)' means 'boast' or 'pride'. It refers to the act of proudly talking about one's own achievements, possessions, or qualities, often to impress others. It can also imply a sense of pride in something, whether it's personal or related to someone else. For example: He always boasts about his car「彼はいつも車を自慢する」(かれはいつもくるまをじまんする). This is my proudest achievement「これは私の一番の自慢です」(これはわたしのいちばんのじまんです). The word can be used in both positive and negative contexts, depending on the tone and situation.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4809

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dining table

Reading

Kanji

食Eat, Food 卓Eminent

Explanation

The Japanese noun '食卓 (しょくたく)' refers to a 'dining table', the piece of furniture where meals are eaten. It is commonly used in contexts related to family meals, dining settings, or household furniture. For example: We gather around the dining table every evening「毎晩、食卓を囲みます」(まいばん、しょくたくをかこみます). The dining table is set for dinner「食卓には夕食が並んでいます」(しょくたくにはゆうしょくがならんでいます). This word emphasizes the communal aspect of eating together, often highlighting family or social gatherings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4810

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Welcome

Reading

Kanji

歓Rejoice, Delight 迎Welcome

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '歓迎 (かんげい)' means 'welcome'. It is used to express a warm reception or acceptance of someone or something. This term is often used in formal or polite contexts, such as welcoming guests, new members, or ideas. For example: We welcome your opinion「あなたの意見を歓迎します」(あなたのいけんをかんげいします). The new employee was warmly welcomed「新しい従業員は温かく歓迎されました」(あたらしいじゅうぎょういんはあたたかくかんげいされました). It can also be used in phrases like '歓迎会 (かんげいかい)', which means 'welcome party'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4811

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Purpose

Reading

Kanji

趣Gist, Flavor 旨Purport, Delicious

Explanation

The Japanese noun '趣旨 (しゅし)' refers to the main point, purpose, or gist of something. It is often used in formal contexts to describe the intent or core idea behind a statement, document, or plan. For example: The purpose of this meeting is to discuss the budget「この会議の趣旨は予算について話し合うことです」(このかいぎのしゅしはよさんについてはなしあうことです). I understand the gist of your proposal「あなたの提案の趣旨は理解しました」(あなたのていあんのしゅしはりかいしました). This word is commonly used in legal, business, and academic settings to convey the essence or objective of a matter.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4812

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fuel

Reading

Kanji

燃Burn 料Materials, Fee

Explanation

The Japanese noun '燃料 (ねんりょう)' means 'fuel'. It refers to any material that is burned or used to produce energy, such as gasoline, coal, or natural gas. This word is commonly used in contexts related to energy, transportation, and machinery. For example: The car needs fuel「車は燃料が必要です」(くるまはねんりょうがひつようです). We use natural gas as fuel「天然ガスを燃料として使います」(てんねんガスをねんりょうとしてつかいます). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that provides energy or motivation, such as 'the fuel for his passion' (彼の情熱の燃料).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4813

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

White person

Reading

Kanji

白White 人Person

Explanation

The Japanese noun '白人 (はくじん)' refers to a 'white person' or someone of Caucasian descent. It is a neutral term used to describe people with light skin, typically of European or North American origin. The word is often used in contexts discussing race, ethnicity, or cultural differences. For example: There are many white people in this city「この街には白人が多い」(このまちにははくじんがおおい). She is a white person from America「彼女はアメリカ出身の白人です」(かのじょはアメリカしゅっしんのはくじんです). Note that while the term is not inherently offensive, it is important to use it respectfully and in appropriate contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4814

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hero

Reading

Kanji

英England, Distinguished 雄Male, Heroic

Explanation

The Japanese noun '英雄 (えいゆう)' means 'hero'. This word is used to describe a person who is admired for their courage, outstanding achievements, or noble qualities. It often refers to historical or legendary figures who have performed great deeds. For example: He is a hero「彼は英雄だ」(かれはえいゆうだ). The hero saved the village「英雄が村を救った」(えいゆうがむらをすくった). This term is commonly used in stories, history, and discussions about people who have made significant impacts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4819

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Inspector

Reading

Kanji

警Warn 部Section, Department

Explanation

The Japanese noun '警部 (けいぶ)' refers to a police inspector, a specific rank within the Japanese police force. This term is used to denote a senior officer who typically oversees investigations or commands a police station. For example: The inspector solved the case「警部が事件を解決した」(けいぶがじけんをかいけつした). He was promoted to inspector「彼は警部に昇進した」(かれはけいぶにしょうしんした). The rank of '警部' is above '警部補 (けいぶほ)' and below '警視 (けいし)' in the Japanese police hierarchy.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4820

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Limit

Reading

Kanji

限Limit 度Degrees, Times

Explanation

The Japanese noun '限度 (げんど)' refers to a 'limit' or 'boundary'. It is used to describe the maximum extent or degree of something that is possible or allowed. This word is often used in contexts where there is a restriction or a cap on quantity, capacity, or ability. For example: There is a limit to human patience「人間の忍耐には限度がある」(にんげんのにんたいにはげんどがある). The credit card has a spending limit「クレジットカードには利用限度がある」(クレジットカードにはりようげんどがある). It can also be used in more abstract contexts, such as limits of knowledge or endurance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4821

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cross

Reading

Kanji

十Ten 字Character

Explanation

The Japanese noun '十字 (じゅうじ)' means 'cross'. It refers to the shape or symbol of a cross, often associated with religious or directional contexts. For example: There is a cross on the map「地図に十字がある」(ちずにじゅうじがある). The cross is a sacred symbol「十字は神聖なシンボルです」(じゅうじはしんせいなシンボルです). This word is also used in compound words like '十字路 (じゅうじろ)' meaning 'crossroads' or 'intersection'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4822

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Accommodation

Reading

Kanji

収Obtain 容Contain, Looks

Explanation

The Japanese noun '収容 (しゅうよう)' refers to the act of accommodating or housing people, objects, or animals within a space. It is often used in contexts such as facilities, shelters, or institutions where individuals or items are contained or housed. For example: The shelter accommodates 100 people「その避難所は100人を収容する」(そのひなんじょは100にんをしゅうようする). The prison can house up to 500 inmates「その刑務所は500人まで収容できる」(そのけいむしょは500にんまでしゅうようできる). This word can also be used in broader contexts, such as data storage or event capacity, but its core meaning revolves around the concept of containment or accommodation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4823

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Constitution

Reading

Kanji

体Body 質Quality

Explanation

The Japanese noun '体質 (たいしつ)' refers to a person's physical constitution or body type. It describes the inherent characteristics of a person's body, such as their tendency to gain weight, susceptibility to certain illnesses, or general physical condition. For example: She has a weak constitution「彼女は体質が弱い」(かのじょはたいしつがよわい). My constitution doesn't handle cold weather well「私の体質は寒さに弱い」(わたしのたいしつはさむさによわい). This word can also be used metaphorically to describe the inherent nature or tendencies of organizations or systems, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4824

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Acquisition

Reading

Kanji

獲Seize, Catch game 得Acquire

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '獲得 (かくとく)' means 'acquisition'. It refers to the act of obtaining or gaining something, often through effort or competition. This word is commonly used in contexts such as acquiring skills, rights, or resources. For example: the acquisition of new technology「新しい技術の獲得」(あたらしいぎじゅつのかくとく). The team worked hard for the acquisition of the championship「チームは優勝の獲得に一生懸命取り組んだ」(チームはゆうしょうのかくとくにいっしょうけんめいとりくんだ). It can also be used in abstract contexts, such as acquiring knowledge or rights.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4825

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Harvest

Reading

Kanji

収Obtain 穫Harvest

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '収穫 (しゅうかく)' primarily means 'harvest'. It refers to the process or result of gathering crops from the fields. This word can also be used metaphorically to describe the fruits of one's labor or efforts in a broader sense. For example: The harvest this year was abundant「今年の収穫は豊かだった」(ことしのしゅうかくはゆたかだった). We are looking forward to the harvest of our hard work「私たちの努力の収穫を楽しみにしている」(わたしたちのどりょくのしゅうかくをたのしみにしている). It is important to note that '収穫' is often used in agricultural contexts but can extend to other areas where results or outcomes are gathered.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4826

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rice

Reading

Kanji

稲Rice plant

Explanation

The Japanese noun '稲 (いね)' refers specifically to the rice plant, particularly before it is harvested. This term is used in agricultural contexts and is distinct from '米 (こめ)', which refers to rice as a grain or food. '稲' is often associated with rice paddies and the cultivation process. For example: The rice plants are growing well「稲がよく育っている」(いねがよくそだっている). We planted rice in the field「田んぼに稲を植えた」(たんぼにいねをうえた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4827

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Manuscript

Reading

Kanji

原Meadow, Original 稿Manuscript, Draft 用Use 紙Paper

Explanation

The Japanese noun '原稿用紙 (げんこうようし)' refers to a specific type of paper used for writing manuscripts, essays, or other formal written works. It is typically grid-lined, with each square representing one character, making it easier to count and organize text. This paper is commonly used in schools, for literary submissions, or in professional writing. For example: I wrote my essay on manuscript paper「私は原稿用紙に作文を書いた」(わたしはげんこうようしにさくぶんをかいた). Please submit your work on manuscript paper「原稿用紙に作品を提出してください」(げんこうようしにさくひんをていしゅつしてください).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4830

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Existence, Non existence

Reading

Kanji

有Exist 無Nothing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '有無 (うむ)' refers to the concepts of 'existence' and 'nonexistence'. It is often used in formal or philosophical contexts to discuss the presence or absence of something. For example: the existence or nonexistence of evidence「証拠の有無」(しょうこのうむ). It can also be used in everyday contexts to inquire about the availability or lack of something: is there a problem or not?「問題の有無」(もんだいのうむ). The word is a combination of the kanji for '有' (existence) and '無' (nonexistence), making it a binary term that encapsulates both states.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4832

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Food

Reading

Kanji

食Eat, Food 糧Provisions, Food

Explanation

The Japanese noun '食糧 (しょくりょう)' refers to 'food' in the sense of provisions or sustenance, often used in contexts related to supply, storage, or distribution. It is commonly used in discussions about food security, emergency supplies, or large-scale food resources. For example: The country imports food「その国は食糧を輸入する」(そのくにはしょくりょうをゆにゅうする). We need to secure enough food for the winter「冬のための十分な食糧を確保する必要がある」(ふゆのためのじゅうぶんなしょくりょうをかくほするひつようがある). This term is more formal and is often used in official or serious contexts, distinguishing it from everyday terms like '食べ物 (たべもの)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4833

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Majestic, Unashamed

Reading

Kanji

堂Hall

Explanation

The Japanese noun '堂々 (どうどう)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'majestic', which refers to something grand, dignified, or impressive in appearance or manner. For example: He walked in with a majestic air「彼は堂々と歩いて入ってきた」(かれはどうどうとあるいてはいってきた). The second meaning is 'unashamed', which describes someone acting confidently without fear of judgment or shame. For example: She spoke unashamedly about her past「彼女は堂々と自分の過去について話した」(かのじょはどうどうとじぶんのかこについてはなした). The word often conveys a sense of confidence and boldness, whether in a positive or neutral context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4834

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Scream

Reading

Kanji

悲Sad 鳴Chirp

Explanation

The Japanese noun '悲鳴 (ひめい)' refers to a scream or shriek, often one that is high-pitched and expresses fear, pain, or surprise. It is commonly used to describe the sound someone makes when they are startled, terrified, or in distress. For example: she let out a scream「彼女は悲鳴を上げた」(かのじょはひめいをあげた). The sound of a scream echoed through the forest「悲鳴が森に響いた」(ひめいがもりにひびいた). This word can also be used metaphorically to describe a situation or event that causes extreme distress or panic, such as 'the stock market's scream (悲鳴) due to the crash'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4835

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Every, Each

Reading

Kanji

一One

Explanation

The Japanese noun '一々 (いちいち)' is used to emphasize that something is done or considered individually, one by one, or in detail. It often carries a nuance of thoroughness or meticulousness, and can sometimes imply annoyance or frustration when used in certain contexts. For example: He checks each item「彼は一々チェックする」(かれはいちいちチェックする). I don't need to explain every detail「一々説明する必要はない」(いちいちせつめいするひつようはない). Note that '一々' is often used in negative sentences to express that something doesn't need to be done in such a detailed or repetitive manner.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4839

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Accumulation

Reading

Kanji

蓄Amass, Store up 積Accumulate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '蓄積 (ちくせき)' refers to the act or process of accumulating or gathering something over time. It is often used in contexts related to the buildup of resources, knowledge, data, or even stress. For example: the accumulation of knowledge「知識の蓄積」(ちしきのちくせき). The accumulation of stress can be harmful「ストレスの蓄積は有害です」(ストレスのちくせきはゆうがいです). This term is commonly used in both formal and informal settings to describe gradual buildup or storage.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4841

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Correct, Hit

Reading

Kanji

当Hit, Appropriate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '当 (とう)' can have multiple meanings depending on the context. One common meaning is 'hit', referring to a successful strike or impact, often used in sports or games. For example: That was a direct hit「それは直接の当だった」(それはちょくせつのとうだった). Another meaning is 'correct', used to indicate accuracy or correctness in answers or predictions. For example: Your answer is correct「あなたの答えは当です」(あなたのこたえはとうです). The word '当' is versatile and its usage can vary widely, so it's important to pay attention to the context in which it is used.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4842

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Trend

Reading

Kanji

動Move 向Facing, Yonder

Explanation

The Japanese noun '動向 (どうこう)' refers to the direction or trend in which something is developing or moving. It is often used in contexts such as politics, economics, or social movements to describe the general direction or tendency of events or opinions. For example: the trend of the market「市場の動向」(しじょうのどうこう). The political trend is unclear「政治の動向は不透明だ」(せいじのどうこうはふとうめいだ). This word is commonly used in formal or analytical contexts to discuss shifts or patterns in various fields.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4846

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Painter

Reading

Kanji

画Picture 家House

Explanation

The Japanese noun '画家 (がか)' refers to a person who creates paintings, typically as a profession or serious hobby. This term is used for artists who work in various painting styles and mediums. For example: He is a famous painter「彼は有名な画家です」(かれはゆうめいながかです). I want to become a painter「私は画家になりたいです」(わたしはがかになりたいです). The word '画家' specifically emphasizes the act of painting, distinguishing it from other types of artists like sculptors or illustrators.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4853

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Usual, Daily

Reading

Kanji

日Day, Sun 頃Approximate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '日頃 (ひごろ)' refers to something that is part of one's daily life or routine, or something that is usual or habitual. It often implies a sense of regularity or familiarity. For example: I appreciate your daily efforts「日頃の努力に感謝します」(ひごろのどりょくにかんしゃします). It's important to exercise regularly「日頃から運動することが大切です」(ひごろからうんどうすることがたいせつです). This word is commonly used to describe habits, routines, or things that are consistently present in one's life.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4854

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Old

Reading

Kanji

老Old, Aged

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '老 (ろう)' means 'old' and is used to indicate age or seniority. It is often attached to nouns to describe something or someone as being old or elderly. For example: old man「老人」(ろうじん). old age「老年」(ろうねん). This prefix is commonly used in formal or respectful contexts to refer to elderly people or things that have aged. It carries a nuance of respect and experience, especially when referring to people.

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4856

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stubborn

Reading

Kanji

頑Stubborn 固Hard

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '頑固 (がんこ)' means 'stubborn'. It is used to describe someone who is unyielding or inflexible in their opinions, attitudes, or behavior. This word often carries a slightly negative connotation, implying that the person is unreasonably resistant to change or compromise. For example: my grandfather is stubborn「私の祖父は頑固だ」(わたしのそふはがんこだ). He is too stubborn to admit his mistake「彼は間違いを認めるには頑固すぎる」(かれはまちがいをみとめるにはがんこすぎる). The term can also be used to describe objects or situations that are difficult to change or fix, such as a 'stubborn stain' (頑固な汚れ, がんこなよごれ).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4859

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Serious

Reading

Kanji

真Truth 剣Sword

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '真剣 (しんけん)' means 'serious'. It is used to describe a person's attitude, behavior, or approach when they are deeply focused, earnest, or sincere about something. It often implies a lack of frivolity or playfulness. For example: He is serious about his studies「彼は勉強に真剣です」(かれはべんきょうにしんけんです). She gave a serious answer「彼女は真剣な答えを出した」(かのじょはしんけんなこたえをだした). This word can also describe situations or actions that are carried out with full commitment or gravity, such as '真剣な話 (しんけんなはなし)' (a serious conversation).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4861

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Prison

Reading

Kanji

刑Punish 務Duty, Task 所Place

Explanation

The Japanese noun '刑務所 (けいむしょ)' refers to a 'prison' or 'penitentiary', a facility where individuals convicted of crimes are incarcerated. This term is specifically used for institutions that house individuals serving sentences for criminal offenses. It is a formal term and is commonly used in legal and official contexts. For example: He was sent to prison「彼は刑務所に送られた」(かれはけいむしょにおくられた). The prison is located outside the city「その刑務所は市の外にあります」(そのけいむしょはしのそとにあります). Note that '刑務所' is distinct from other terms like '拘置所 (こうちしょ)', which refers to a detention center for individuals awaiting trial.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4862

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Intense

Reading

Kanji

強Strong 烈Intense, Violent

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '強烈 (きょうれつ)' means 'intense'. It is used to describe something that is extremely strong, powerful, or impactful, often in a way that leaves a deep impression. This word can be applied to physical sensations, emotions, or even abstract concepts. For example: The flavor was intense「その味は強烈だった」(そのあじはきょうれつだった). He has an intense personality「彼は強烈な性格だ」(かれはきょうれつなせいかくだ). The word can also imply a sense of overwhelming or striking nature, such as in '強烈な印象 (きょうれつないんしょう) (intense impression)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4863

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Oxidation

Reading

Kanji

酸Bitter, Acid 化Change

Explanation

The Japanese noun '酸化 (さんか)' refers to the chemical process of oxidation, where a substance combines with oxygen or loses electrons. This term is commonly used in scientific contexts, such as chemistry or biology, but can also appear in everyday language when discussing rusting or spoilage. For example: Iron undergoes oxidation and rusts「鉄は酸化して錆びる」(てつはさんかしてさびる). The oxidation of food causes it to spoil「食べ物の酸化は腐敗の原因です」(たべもののさんかはふはいのげんいんです). Note that '酸化' is often used in compound words, such as '酸化防止剤 (さんかぼうしざい)' (antioxidant).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4864

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Daughter, Miss

Reading

Kanji

嬢Lass, Young lady

Explanation

The Japanese noun '嬢 (じょう)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'daughter', often used in formal or respectful contexts to refer to someone's daughter. For example: the shopkeeper's daughter「店主の嬢」(てんしゅのじょう). The second meaning is 'miss', a polite term used to address or refer to a young woman, similar to the English 'Miss'. For example: Miss Tanaka is here「田中嬢が来ています」(たなかじょうがきています). This term is often used in formal or respectful settings, such as in business or when addressing someone of higher social status. It is important to note that '嬢' is typically used in written or formal spoken language, and may sound outdated or overly formal in casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4865

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Single

Reading

Kanji

独Alone 身Body, Self

Explanation

The Japanese noun '独身 (どくしん)' means 'single' in the context of marital status. It refers to someone who is not married. This term is neutral and can be used for both men and women. For example: she is single「彼女は独身です」(かのじょはどくしんです). He wants to stay single「彼は独身でいたい」(かれはどくしんでいたい). The word can also be used in phrases like '独身生活 (どくしんせいかつ)' meaning 'single life' or '独身者 (どくしんしゃ)' meaning 'single person'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4866

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Matter, Affair

Reading

Kanji

事Thing 柄Design, Handle

Explanation

The Japanese noun '事柄 (ことがら)' refers to a 'matter' or 'affair', often used to describe a situation, event, or topic of discussion. It is a neutral term that can be applied to various contexts, such as personal matters, business affairs, or general topics. For example: This is an important matter「これは重要な事柄です」(これはじゅうようなことがらです). We need to discuss this affair「この事柄について話し合う必要があります」(このことがらについてはなしあうひつようがあります). The word is often used in formal or written contexts to describe specific issues or subjects.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4869

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

China

Reading

Kanji

支Branch, Support 那What

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun '支那 (しな)' is an archaic term for China. It was commonly used in Japan before World War II, but its usage has declined significantly due to its historical connotations and potential to cause offense. In modern contexts, '中国 (ちゅうごく)' is the standard and neutral term for China. Example sentences: He studied the history of China「彼は支那の歴史を勉強した」(かれはしなのれきしをべんきょうした). The word '支那' is rarely used today「支那という言葉は今日ではほとんど使われない」(しなということばはきょうではほとんどつかわれない).

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4870

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Government

Reading

Kanji

官Government, Bureaucrat 庁Government office, Agency

Explanation

The Japanese noun '官庁 (かんちょう)' refers to a government office or agency. It is used to describe the administrative bodies or institutions that are part of the government. This term is often used in formal contexts when discussing governmental operations or structures. For example: The government office is located in Tokyo「官庁は東京にあります」(かんちょうはとうきょうにあります). He works at a government agency「彼は官庁で働いています」(かれはかんちょうではたらいています). The term can also be used more broadly to refer to the collective administrative bodies of the government.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4872

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Prefecture office

Reading

Kanji

県Prefecture 庁Government office, Agency

Explanation

The Japanese noun '県庁 (けんちょう)' refers to the 'prefecture office' or 'prefectural government office'. This is the administrative center of a prefecture in Japan, where local government affairs are managed. It is typically the main building where the governor and other government officials work. Example sentences include: The prefecture office is near the station 「県庁は駅の近くです」 (けんちょうはえきのちかくです). I went to the prefecture office today 「今日は県庁に行きました」 (きょうはけんちょうにいきました). Note that '県庁' is specifically used for the prefectural level, distinct from city or ward offices.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4873

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Series

Reading

Kanji

一One 連Take along

Explanation

The Japanese noun '一連 (いちれん)' means 'series'. It refers to a sequence or chain of related events, actions, or items. This word is often used to describe a connected set of occurrences or objects. For example: a series of incidents「一連の事件」(いちれんのじけん). A series of meetings「一連の会議」(いちれんのかいぎ). It can also be used in contexts like 'a series of steps' or 'a series of articles'. The word emphasizes the continuity or connection between the elements in the sequence.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4875

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Liquid

Reading

Kanji

液Liquid

Explanation

The Japanese noun '液 (えき)' refers to 'liquid'. It is used to describe substances in a fluid state, such as water, oil, or chemical solutions. This term is often used in scientific, medical, or everyday contexts. For example: the liquid is transparent「その液は透明です」(そのえきはとうめいです). Please handle the liquid carefully「その液を慎重に扱ってください」(そのえきをしんちょうにあつかってください). The word can also appear in compound nouns, such as '血液 (けつえき)' (blood) or '溶液 (ようえき)' (solution).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4876

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Radish

Reading

Kanji

大Big 根Root

Explanation

The Japanese noun '大根 (だいこん)' refers to a 'radish', specifically the daikon radish, which is a large, white, mild-flavored variety commonly used in Japanese cuisine. It is a versatile vegetable that can be eaten raw, pickled, or cooked in dishes such as stews, soups, and salads. For example: I grated the radish「大根をおろした」(だいこんをおろした). Radish salad is delicious「大根サラダは美味しい」(だいこんサラダはおいしい). The word '大根' literally translates to 'big root', reflecting its size and shape.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4878

Composition

kanji

Handwriting