Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Composition

word

Meaning

Body

Reading

Kanji

身Body, Self

Explanation

The Japanese noun '身 (み)' primarily means 'body'. It refers to the physical form of a person or animal. However, it can also be used metaphorically to refer to one's self or one's life. For example: protect your body「身を守りなさい」(みをまもりなさい). He risked his life「彼は身を危険にさらした」(かれはみをきけんにさらした). Additionally, '身' can sometimes refer to the flesh of fruits or the edible part of something, as in 'the flesh of the fruit is sweet「果物の身は甘い」(くだもののみはあまい)'. This word is versatile and context-dependent, so its meaning can shift slightly based on usage.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

357

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Politics

Reading

Kanji

政Government, Politics 治Cure, Reign

Explanation

The Japanese noun '政治 (せいじ)' means 'politics'. It refers to the activities, actions, and policies used to govern a country or area, especially the debate between parties or individuals having power. It can also refer to the academic study of government and political systems. For example: He is interested in politics「彼は政治に興味がある」(かれはせいじにきょうみがある). The politics of this country are complicated「この国の政治は複雑だ」(このくにのせいじはふくざつだ). The word is commonly used in discussions about government, elections, and policy-making.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

358

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

God

Reading

Kanji

神God

Explanation

The Japanese noun '神 (かみ)' refers to a 'god' or 'deity'. In Japanese culture, this term is used to describe a wide range of divine beings, from the gods of Shinto (kami) to deities in other religions. It can also refer to a spirit or a revered figure. For example: The god of this shrine is powerful「この神社の神は強い」(このじんじゃのかみはつよい). People pray to the gods for good fortune「人々は幸運を祈って神に祈る」(ひとびとはこううんをいのってかみにいのる). The term can also be used metaphorically to describe someone with exceptional skill or talent, such as '彼は料理の神だ' (かれはりょうりのかみだ) (He is a god of cooking).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

360

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Place

Reading

Kanji

場Place 所Place

Explanation

The Japanese noun '場所 (ばしょ)' means 'place'. It refers to a specific location or spot, and can be used in various contexts to indicate where something is or where an event occurs. For example: this is a quiet place「ここは静かな場所です」(ここはしずかなばしょです). I forgot the place where we met「私たちが会った場所を忘れました」(わたしたちがであったばしょをわすれました). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe a position or role, such as in '彼には彼の場所がある (かれにはかれのばしょがある) (He has his place).'

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

361

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Right

Reading

Kanji

権Rights, Authority

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '権 (けん)' means 'right' or 'authority'. It is commonly used in compound words to denote legal, social, or moral rights, as well as authority or power. For example: human rights「人権」(じんけん), voting rights「選挙権」(せんきょけん), or authority「権力」(けんりょく). This suffix is often attached to nouns to create terms related to rights or authority. Example sentences: He has the right to vote「彼には選挙権がある」(かれにはせんきょけんがある). The government has authority「政府には権力がある」(せいふにはけんりょくがある).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

362

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sound

Reading

Kanji

音Sound

Explanation

The Japanese noun '音 (おと)' means 'sound'. It refers to any audible noise, whether natural or artificial. This word is commonly used in various contexts, such as describing the sound of rain, music, or voices. For example: I heard a strange sound「変な音が聞こえた」(へんなおとがきこえた). The sound of the piano is beautiful「ピアノの音が美しい」(ピアノのおとがうつくしい). It can also be used metaphorically to describe the impression or feeling something gives off, such as 'the sound of silence'「静けさの音」(しずけさのおと).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

367

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Katakana

Reading

Kanji

片Fragment, One sided 仮Temporary 名Name

Explanation

The Japanese noun '片仮名 (かたかな)' refers to one of the two Japanese syllabaries, specifically 'katakana'. Katakana is primarily used for writing foreign loanwords, onomatopoeia, scientific terms, and names of plants, animals, and minerals. It can also be used for emphasis, similar to italics in English. For example: The word 'coffee' is written in katakana「コーヒーは片仮名で書かれます」(コーヒーはかたかなでかかれます). Katakana characters are angular and simpler in form compared to hiragana. Another example: 'Pizza' is written as ピザ in katakana「ピザは片仮名で書きます」(ピザはかたかなでかきます).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

370

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Diagram

Reading

Kanji

図Map

Explanation

The Japanese noun '図 (ず)' primarily means 'diagram'. It refers to a visual representation of information, such as a chart, map, or schematic. This word is commonly used in contexts like education, engineering, and design. For example: Please look at this diagram「この図を見てください」(このずをみてください). The diagram explains the process「その図はプロセスを説明しています」(そのずはぷろせすをせつめいしています). Additionally, '図' can sometimes imply a plan or intention, though this usage is less common and typically context-dependent.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

371

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hiragana

Reading

Kanji

平Flat 仮Temporary 名Name

Explanation

The Japanese noun '平仮名 (ひらがな)' refers to the hiragana script, one of the three main writing systems used in Japanese. Hiragana is a phonetic script consisting of 46 basic characters, each representing a specific syllable. It is primarily used for native Japanese words, grammatical elements, and words without kanji. Example sentences: I am learning hiragana「私は平仮名を勉強しています」(わたしはひらがなをべんきょうしています). This word is written in hiragana「この言葉は平仮名で書かれています」(このことばはひらがなでかかれています).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

372

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lesson

Reading

Kanji

授Instruct, Confer 業Business

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '授業 (じゅぎょう)' refers to a 'lesson' or 'class' in an educational context. It is commonly used to describe the act of teaching or the session during which teaching occurs, typically in schools or educational institutions. For example: I have a math lesson today「今日は数学の授業があります」(きょうはすうがくのじゅぎょうがあります). The teacher is preparing for the lesson「先生は授業の準備をしています」(せんせいはじゅぎょうのじゅんびをしています). This word is often used in formal or academic settings and can refer to both the content being taught and the time period during which teaching takes place.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

376

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Head, Chief

Reading

Kanji

長Long, Leader

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '長 (ちょう)' is used to denote a person in a position of leadership or authority, such as a chief, head, or director. It is commonly attached to nouns to form titles or roles. For example: company president「社長」(しゃちょう). school principal「校長」(こうちょう). This suffix is versatile and can be used in various contexts to indicate someone who is in charge of a group, organization, or institution. It is important to note that '長 (ちょう)' is a suffix and not a standalone word, so it always appears attached to another noun.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

377

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Content

Reading

Kanji

内Inside 容Contain, Looks

Explanation

The Japanese noun '内容 (ないよう)' means 'content'. It refers to the substance, material, or information contained within something, such as a book, speech, or document. This word is often used in formal or academic contexts to describe the details or essence of a subject. For example: the content of the book is interesting「その本の内容は面白い」(そのほんのないようはおもしろい). Please explain the content of the meeting「会議の内容を説明してください」(かいぎのないようをせつめいしてください). It can also refer to the details of a contract or agreement, as in '契約の内容 (けいやくのないよう) (the content of the contract)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

381

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Clause, Article

Reading

Kanji

条Clause

Explanation

The Japanese noun '条 (じょう)' refers to an 'article' or 'clause' in a legal document, contract, or law. It is commonly used in formal contexts to denote specific sections or provisions within such documents. For example: Article 1 of the Constitution「憲法の第一条」(けんぽうのだいいちじょう). This clause is important「この条は重要です」(このじょうはじゅうようです). The word is often seen in legal or official contexts and is typically paired with numbers to indicate specific articles or clauses.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

383

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Outside

Reading

Kanji

外Outside

Explanation

The Japanese noun '外 (そと)' means 'outside'. It refers to the external environment or space that is not inside a building or enclosed area. This word is commonly used to describe being outdoors or the area beyond a specific boundary. For example: Let's go outside「外に行こう」(そとにいこう). It's cold outside「外は寒い」(そとはさむい). The word can also be used metaphorically to indicate something outside of a particular scope or context, such as 'outside the rules' (ルールの外).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

387

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Useless, No

Reading

Kanji

駄Poor quality, Burdensome 目Eye

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '駄目 (だめ)' can mean 'no' or 'useless'. It is often used to express prohibition, rejection, or something being futile. For example: you can't do that「それは駄目だ」(それはだめだ). This pen is useless「このペンは駄目だ」(このペンはだめだ). It can also be used to describe something that is not allowed or is against the rules. For example: smoking is not allowed here「ここでタバコを吸うのは駄目です」(ここでタバコをすうのはだめです).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

390

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Then

Reading

Kanji

当Hit, Appropriate 時Time, Hour

Explanation

The Japanese noun '当時 (とうじ)' refers to a specific time in the past, often translated as 'then' or 'at that time'. It is used to indicate a period or moment being discussed, typically in relation to a story or historical context. For example: At that time, I was a student「当時、私は学生でした」(とうじ、わたしはがくせいでした). The technology was not advanced at that time「当時は技術が進んでいなかった」(とうじはぎじゅつがすすんでいなかった). This word is commonly used in narratives or when recalling past events.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

391

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Self

Reading

Kanji

自Self 身Body, Self

Explanation

The Japanese noun '自身 (じしん)' means 'self' or 'oneself'. It is used to emphasize the subject or object of a sentence, often to indicate that the action or state is directly related to the person or thing in question. It can be used in various contexts, such as personal responsibility, self-reflection, or to stress individuality. For example: I will do it myself「私は自身でやります」(わたしはじしんでやります). He himself said so「彼自身がそう言いました」(かれじしんがそういいました). The word can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as in 'the problem itself'「問題自身」(もんだいじしん).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

393

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hall

Reading

Kanji

館Building

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '館 (かん)' is commonly used to denote a building or facility dedicated to a specific purpose. It is often attached to nouns to form compound words that describe the type of building or establishment. For example: library「図書館」(としょかん), museum「博物館」(はくぶつかん), gym「体育館」(たいいくかん). This suffix is widely used in names of public and private buildings, indicating their function or the activities that take place there.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

394

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Where, Which

Reading

Kanji

何What 方Direction

Explanation

The Japanese pronoun '何方 (どちら)' is a polite and formal way to ask 'which' or 'where'. It is often used in situations requiring politeness, such as in customer service or formal conversations. When asking 'which', it is used to choose between two options. For example: Which one do you prefer?「どちらが好きですか？」(どちらがすきですか？). When asking 'where', it is used to inquire about a direction or location. For example: Where is the station?「駅はどちらですか？」(えきはどちらですか？). The word '何方' can also be written in hiragana as 'どちら' and is interchangeable in usage. Note that 'どちら' is more formal than 'どっち', which is its casual counterpart.

Part Of Speech

pronoun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

395

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Business

Reading

Kanji

事Thing 業Business

Explanation

The Japanese noun '事業 (じぎょう)' refers to a business, enterprise, or project. It is often used to describe commercial activities, large-scale operations, or initiatives undertaken by companies, organizations, or individuals. This term can apply to both for-profit and non-profit ventures. For example: He started a new business「彼は新しい事業を始めた」(かれはあたらしいじぎょうをはじめた). The company is expanding its overseas operations「その会社は海外事業を拡大している」(そのかいしゃはかいがいじぎょうをかくだいしている). Note that '事業' often implies a formal or structured undertaking, distinguishing it from smaller-scale or informal activities.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

396

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Important

Reading

Kanji

重Heavy 要Important, Need

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '重要 (じゅうよう)' means 'important'. It is used to describe something that holds significant value, necessity, or priority. This word is often used in formal contexts, such as business, education, or official documents. For example: This document is important「この書類は重要です」(このしょるいはじゅうようです). It is important to study「勉強することが重要です」(べんきょうすることがじゅうようです). The word can also be used to emphasize the critical nature of a task or decision, as in '重要な決定 (じゅうようなけってい) (important decision)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

399

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Situation

Reading

Kanji

状Form, Condition 況Situation, Condition

Explanation

The Japanese noun '状況 (じょうきょう)' means 'situation' or 'circumstances'. It refers to the state or condition of things at a particular time, often used to describe the context or environment in which something occurs. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal settings to discuss current events, conditions, or states of affairs. For example: The situation is serious「状況は深刻です」(じょうきょうはしんこくです). I need to understand the situation better「状況をもっと理解する必要があります」(じょうきょうをもっとりかいするひつようがあります). It can also be used in phrases like '状況を把握する (じょうきょうをはあくする)' which means 'to grasp the situation'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

400

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Temple

Reading

Kanji

寺Temple

Explanation

The Japanese noun '寺 (てら)' refers to a Buddhist temple, a place of worship and religious practice in Buddhism. It is distinct from Shinto shrines, which are called '神社 (じんじゃ)'. Temples often house statues of Buddha, serve as centers for meditation, and host various religious ceremonies. For example: I visited a temple「寺を訪れました」(てらをおとずれました). There is an old temple in Kyoto「京都に古い寺があります」(きょうとにふるいてらがあります). The word is commonly used in contexts related to religion, history, and tourism.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

401

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Culture

Reading

Kanji

文Sentence 化Change

Explanation

The Japanese noun '文化 (ぶんか)' means 'culture'. It refers to the customs, arts, social institutions, and achievements of a particular nation, people, or other social group. This term is often used in discussions about traditions, societal norms, and the arts. For example: Japanese culture is fascinating「日本の文化は魅力的です」(にほんのぶんかはみりょくてきです). We should respect other cultures「他の文化を尊重すべきです」(ほかのぶんかをそんちょうすべきです). The word can also be used in compound nouns, such as '文化交流 (ぶんかこうりゅう)' meaning 'cultural exchange'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

402

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Machine

Reading

Kanji

機Machine, Opportunity

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '機 (き)' is used to denote a machine or device. It is commonly attached to nouns to specify a type of machine or tool. For example: washing machine「洗濯機」(せんたくき), airplane「飛行機」(ひこうき), and computer「計算機」(けいさんき). This suffix is versatile and can be used in various contexts to refer to mechanical or electronic devices. It is important to note that '機' can also appear in compound words where it might not be immediately recognizable as a suffix, but still carries the meaning related to machinery or devices.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

405

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Night

Reading

Kanji

夜Night

Explanation

The Japanese noun '夜 (よる)' means 'night'. It refers to the period of darkness between sunset and sunrise. This word is commonly used in various contexts to describe nighttime activities, events, or states. For example: I read a book at night「夜に本を読みます」(よるにほんをよみます). The stars are beautiful at night「夜は星がきれいです」(よるはほしがきれいです). '夜' can also be used in compound words, such as '夜中 (よなか)' meaning 'midnight' or '夜道 (よみち)' meaning 'night road'. It is important to note that '夜' is often used in contrast to '昼 (ひる)' meaning 'daytime'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

406

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Quite

Reading

Kanji

可Possible 成Become

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '可成 (かなり)' means 'quite' or 'fairly'. It is used to indicate a significant degree or extent of something, often implying that the degree is more than expected but not extreme. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: It's quite cold today「今日は可成寒い」(きょうはかなりさむい). She is quite skilled「彼女は可成上手だ」(かのじょはかなりじょうずだ). Note that '可成' is often written in hiragana as 'かなり' in modern usage, and it can modify adjectives, verbs, or nouns to express a moderate but noticeable level.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

407

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

System

Reading

Kanji

制System, Control 度Degrees, Times

Explanation

The Japanese noun '制度 (せいど)' refers to a 'system' or 'institution'. It is used to describe established systems, rules, or frameworks that govern a particular area, such as social, legal, or organizational systems. For example: the education system「教育制度」(きょういくせいど). The company introduced a new system「会社は新しい制度を導入した」(かいしゃはあたらしいせいどをどうにゅうした). This word is often used in formal or administrative contexts to describe structured and organized systems.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

408

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Part

Reading

Kanji

分Minute, Part

Explanation

The Japanese noun '分 (ぶん)' primarily means 'part' or 'portion'. It is used to indicate a segment or division of something, often in the context of time, space, or quantity. For example: I will do my part「私の分をやります」(わたしのぶんをやります). This is your portion「これはあなたの分です」(これはあなたのぶんです). Additionally, '分' can also be used in expressions related to understanding or comprehension, such as '分かる (わかる)' which means 'to understand'. However, in this context, '分' alone refers specifically to a part or portion.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

409

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Family

Reading

Kanji

家House 族Family

Explanation

The Japanese noun '家族 (かぞく)' means 'family'. It refers to a group of people related by blood, marriage, or adoption, typically living together. This word is commonly used in everyday conversations to talk about one's own family or someone else's family. For example: My family is big「私の家族は大きいです」(わたしのかぞくはおおきいです). His family lives in Tokyo「彼の家族は東京に住んでいます」(かれのかぞくはとうきょうにすんでいます). The word can also be used in broader contexts, such as '家族旅行 (かぞくりょこう)' (family trip) or '家族写真 (かぞくしゃしん)' (family photo).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

410

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Recently

Reading

Kanji

最Most 近Near

Explanation

The Japanese noun '最近 (さいきん)' means 'recently' or 'lately'. It is used to refer to events, situations, or actions that have occurred in the near past. This word is commonly used in both casual and formal contexts. For example: I recently moved to Tokyo「最近東京に引っ越しました」(さいきんとうきょうにひっこしました). Have you seen her recently?「最近彼女を見ましたか？」(さいきんかのじょをみましたか？). It can also be used to describe trends or changes that have happened recently, such as '最近の技術 (さいきんのぎじゅつ)' meaning 'recent technology'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

414

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Degree

Reading

Kanji

程Order, Extent 度Degrees, Times

Explanation

The Japanese noun '程度 (ていど)' refers to the extent, degree, or level of something. It is often used to describe the magnitude, intensity, or scope of a situation, condition, or action. For example: to what degree is it damaged?「どの程度壊れていますか？」(どのていどこわれていますか？). The degree of difficulty is high「難易度の程度は高い」(なんいどのていどはたかい). This word is versatile and can be applied to various contexts, such as measuring the severity of an issue, the intensity of an emotion, or the scope of an event. It is commonly used in both formal and informal settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

415

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Last month

Reading

Kanji

先Before, Previous 月Moon, Month

Explanation

The Japanese noun '先月 (せんげつ)' means 'last month'. It refers to the month immediately preceding the current one. This word is commonly used in daily conversation and writing to refer to recent past events. For example: I went to Japan last month「先月日本に行きました」(せんげつにほんにいきました). Last month was very busy「先月はとても忙しかった」(せんげつはとてもいそがしかった). Note that'先月'is specifically used to talk about the previous month and should not be confused with other time-related terms such as '先週 (せんしゅう)' which means 'last week' or '去年 (きょねん)' which means 'last year'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

416

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Without

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '無 (む)' means 'without' or 'lack of'. It is commonly attached to nouns to negate their meaning, indicating the absence of something. For example: meaningless「無意味」(むいみ). It can also imply a state of being free from something, such as in '無料 (むりょう)', meaning 'free of charge'. Example sentences: This is a meaningless conversation「これは無意味な会話です」(これはむいみなかいわです). The museum is free of charge today「今日、博物館は無料です」(きょう、はくぶつかんはむりょうです).

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

417

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Months

Reading

Kanji

箇Item, Counter for articles 月Moon, Month

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '箇月 (かげつ)' is used to indicate a period of time in months. It is often attached to a number to specify how many months. For example: three months「三箇月」(さんかげつ). This suffix is commonly used in formal or written contexts, such as contracts, schedules, or official documents. It is important to note that '箇月' is more formal than the more commonly used 'ヶ月 (かげつ)', which serves the same purpose but is less formal. Example sentences: The project will take two months「このプロジェクトは二箇月かかります」(このプロジェクトはにかげつかかります). I have been studying Japanese for six months「私は日本語を六箇月勉強しています」(わたしはにほんごをろっかげつべんきょうしています).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

418

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Last week

Reading

Kanji

先Before, Previous 週Week

Explanation

The Japanese noun '先週 (せんしゅう)' means 'last week'. It is used to refer to the week immediately before the current one. This term is commonly used in everyday conversation to talk about events, activities, or situations that occurred in the previous week. For example: I went to Tokyo last week「先週、東京に行きました」(せんしゅう、とうきょうにいきました). Last week was very busy「先週はとても忙しかった」(せんしゅうはとてもいそがしかった). It is important to note that '先週' is a specific time reference and is not used to describe a general past time frame.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

419

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Eight hundred

Reading

Kanji

八Eight 百Hundred

Explanation

The Japanese noun '八百 (はっぴゃく)' means 'eight hundred'. This word is used to denote the number 800 in Japanese. It is a specific numerical term and is often used in contexts involving counting, quantities, or measurements. For example: eight hundred yen「八百円」(はっぴゃくえん). There are eight hundred people「八百人がいます」(はっぴゃくにんがいます). It is important to note that '八百' is a specific numerical term and is not used metaphorically or in abstract contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

422

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Next month

Reading

Kanji

来Come 月Moon, Month

Explanation

The Japanese noun'来月 (らいげつ)' means 'next month'. It is used to refer to the month following the current one. This word is commonly used in both written and spoken Japanese to discuss events, plans, or appointments that are scheduled for the upcoming month. For example: I will go to Japan next month「来月日本に行きます」(らいげつにほんにいきます).The exam will be held next month「試験は来月行われます」(しけんはらいげつおこなわれます).Note that '来月' is a time expression and is often used with verbs indicating future actions or states.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

423

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Company

Reading

Kanji

社Company

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '社 (しゃ)' is commonly used to denote a company or corporation. It is typically attached to the name of a company, such as in '株式会社 (かぶしきがいしゃ)' which means 'stock company' or 'limited company'. This suffix is widely used in business contexts and is an essential part of many company names. For example: I work for Toyota Motor Corporation「私はトヨタ自動車株式会社で働いています」(わたしはとよたじどうしゃかぶしきがいしゃではたらいています). Sony Corporation is a famous company「ソニー株式会社は有名な会社です」(そにーかぶしきがいしゃはゆうめいなかいしゃです). The suffix '社' can also be used in other contexts to refer to organizations or societies, but its primary usage is in the context of businesses.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

424

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Next week

Reading

Kanji

来Come 週Week

Explanation

The Japanese noun '来週 (らいしゅう)' means 'next week'. It is used to refer to the week immediately following the current one. This term is commonly used in planning, scheduling, and discussing future events. For example: I will go to Tokyo next week「来週東京に行きます」(らいしゅうとうきょうにいきます). The meeting is next week「会議は来週です」(かいぎはらいしゅうです). It is important to note that '来週' is a specific time reference and is often used in both casual and formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

425

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mold, Pattern

Reading

Kanji

型Model, Type

Explanation

The Japanese noun '型 (かた)' can mean 'pattern' or 'mold'. As 'pattern', it refers to a repeated design or model, often used in contexts like traditional crafts or behavior. For example: This kimono has a beautiful pattern「この着物は美しい型がある」(このきものはうつくしいかたがある). As 'mold', it refers to a hollow container used to give shape to molten or liquid material. For example: The cake was made using a silicone mold「そのケーキはシリコンの型を使って作られた」(そのケーキはシリコンのかたをつかってつくられた). The word can also imply a standard or model to be followed, as in traditional arts or martial arts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

426

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Except

Reading

Kanji

以By means of 外Outside

Explanation

The Japanese noun '以外 (いがい)' means 'except' or 'excluding'. It is used to indicate that something or someone is not included in a particular group or category. For example: everyone except me went to the party「私以外みんなパーティーに行った」(わたしいがいみんなパーティーにいった). This store sells everything except books「この店は本以外何でも売っている」(このみせはほんいがいなんでもうっている). It can also be used to express something beyond or outside of a certain scope, as in 'beyond expectations'「期待以外の結果」(きたいいがいのけっか).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

427

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Individual

Reading

Kanji

個Individual 人Person

Explanation

The Japanese noun '個人 (こじん)' means 'individual'. It refers to a single person as distinct from a group or society. This term is often used in contexts emphasizing the rights, responsibilities, or characteristics of a single person. For example: respect for the individual「個人の尊重」(こじんのそんちょう). The decision was made by an individual「その決定は個人によってなされた」(そのけっていはこじんによってなされた). It is also commonly used in legal, social, and philosophical discussions to highlight the importance of the individual within a larger context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

428

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Village

Reading

Kanji

村Village

Explanation

The Japanese noun '村 (むら)' means 'village'. It refers to a small community or settlement, typically in a rural area, smaller than a town or city. This word is often used to describe a place with a close-knit community and a simpler way of life. For example: I live in a small village「私は小さな村に住んでいます」(わたしはちいさなむらにすんでいます). The village is surrounded by mountains「その村は山に囲まれています」(そのむらはやまにかこまれています). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe a group of people with shared characteristics, such as 'the village of artists' (芸術家の村, げいじゅつかのむら).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

430

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

No

Reading

Kanji

否Negate

Explanation

The Japanese interjection '否 (いや)' is a direct and somewhat informal way to say 'no'. It is often used in casual conversations to express disagreement, refusal, or to negate a statement. It can also convey a sense of hesitation or contradiction. For example: No, that's not true「いや、それは違う」(いや、それはちがう). No, I don't think so「いや、そうは思わない」(いや、そうはおもわない). In some contexts, it can also be used to express surprise or disbelief, such as 'No way!'「いや、まさか！」(いや、まさか！). This interjection is more commonly used in spoken language rather than formal writing.

Part Of Speech

interjection

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

431

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Example

Reading

Kanji

例Example

Explanation

The Japanese noun '例 (れい)' means 'example'. It is commonly used to refer to a specific instance or case that illustrates a general rule or pattern. This word is often used in both formal and informal contexts, such as in explanations, instructions, or discussions. For example: Here is an example「ここに例があります」(ここにれいがあります). Please follow this example「この例に従ってください」(このれいにしたがってください). The word can also be used in compound words like '例文 (れいぶん)' (example sentence) or '例外 (れいがい)' (exception).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

433

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Parent

Reading

Kanji

親Parent

Explanation

The Japanese noun '親 (おや)' means 'parent'. This term is used to refer to one's mother or father, or parents in general. It can also be used in a broader sense to refer to someone who plays a parental role, such as a guardian or mentor. For example: my parents are kind「私の親は優しい」(わたしのおやはやさしい). He is like a parent to me「彼は私にとって親のような存在だ」(かれはわたしにとっておやのようなそんざいだ). The word can also be used in compounds, such as '親友 (しんゆう)' meaning 'close friend' (literally 'parent-like friend'), though this is a different usage of the kanji.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

435

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

History

Reading

Kanji

歴Curriculum, Continuation 史History

Explanation

The Japanese noun '歴史 (れきし)' means 'history'. It refers to the study or record of past events, particularly those involving human affairs. This word is commonly used in academic, cultural, and everyday contexts to discuss historical events, periods, or the development of societies. For example: I study Japanese history「私は日本の歴史を勉強します」(わたしはにほんのれきしをべんきょうします). This town has a long history「この町は長い歴史があります」(このまちはながいれきしがあります). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe the background or development of something, such as a person's life or an organization.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

436

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Center

Reading

Kanji

中Center 心Heart

Explanation

The Japanese noun '中心 (ちゅうしん)' means 'center'. It refers to the middle point or core of something, whether it's a physical object, a place, or an abstract concept. For example: The center of the city is busy「街の中心は賑やかです」(まちのちゅうしんはにぎやかです). The Earth's center is very hot「地球の中心はとても熱い」(ちきゅうのちゅうしんはとてもあつい). This word is often used in both literal and metaphorical contexts, such as describing the central point of a discussion or the core of an issue.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

438

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Slightly

Reading

Kanji

少Few

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '少々 (しょうしょう)' means 'slightly' or 'a little'. It is often used to indicate a small degree or amount of something. This word is commonly used in polite or formal contexts, such as in restaurants or shops, to make requests or describe quantities. For example: Please wait a moment「少々お待ちください」(しょうしょうおまちください). Add a little salt「少々塩を加えてください」(しょうしょうしおをくわえてください). It can also be used to downplay a situation or request, making it sound less demanding or significant.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

442

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Purpose, Goal

Reading

Kanji

目Eye 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese noun '目的 (もくてき)' refers to an aim, objective, or intention behind an action or plan. It can be used in various contexts, such as personal goals, project objectives, or the purpose of an event. For example: The purpose of this meeting is to discuss the budget「この会議の目的は予算について話し合うことです」(このかいぎのもくてきはよさんについてはなしあうことです). My goal is to become fluent in Japanese「私の目的は日本語を流暢に話せるようになることです」(わたしのもくてきはにほんごをりゅうちょうにはなせるようになることです). Note that '目的' often implies a specific, concrete aim, distinguishing it from more abstract terms like '理由 (りゆう)' (reason).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

443

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Origin, Basis

Reading

Kanji

元Origin

Explanation

The Japanese noun '元 (もと)' can mean 'origin' or 'basis'. It refers to the source, foundation, or starting point of something. It is often used in contexts where the focus is on the root or cause of a situation, object, or concept. For example: This is the origin of the problem「これが問題の元です」(これがもんだいのもとです). The basis of his argument is weak「彼の議論の元は弱い」(かれのぎろんのもとはよわい). The word can also be used in compound words, such as '元気 (げんき)' (energy/health), where it contributes the meaning of 'source' or 'origin'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

445

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

You

Reading

Kanji

御Honorable, General honorific term 前Before, Front

Explanation

The Japanese pronoun '御前 (おまえ)' is a second-person pronoun meaning 'you'. Historically, it was a term of respect, but in modern usage, it is often considered informal, blunt, or even rude depending on the context. It is typically used among close friends, family members, or in situations where the speaker wants to assert dominance or familiarity. For example: You are annoying「御前はうるさい」(おまえはうるさい). What are you doing?「御前は何をしている？」(おまえはなにをしている？). Be cautious when using this term, as it can come across as disrespectful if used inappropriately.

Part Of Speech

pronoun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

446

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Feeling

Reading

Kanji

感Feeling, Sensation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '感 (かん)' refers to a 'feeling' or 'sense'. It is often used to describe an emotional or physical sensation, or a perception of something. This word is commonly used in compound words to express specific types of feelings or senses, such as '安心感 (あんしんかん)' (a sense of security) or '違和感 (いわかん)' (a sense of discomfort). For example: I have a strange feeling「変な感がある」(へんなかんがある). She has a strong sense of responsibility「彼女は責任感が強い」(かのじょはせきにんかんがつよい). Note that '感' is often used in abstract or emotional contexts, and it can be paired with other kanji to create nuanced meanings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

447

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Environment

Reading

Kanji

環Ring, Surround 境Boundary, Border

Explanation

The Japanese noun '環境 (かんきょう)' primarily means 'environment'. It refers to the surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates. This term is widely used in discussions about nature, ecology, and living conditions. For example: We need to protect the environment「環境を守る必要がある」(かんきょうをまもるひつようがある). The work environment is very important「仕事の環境はとても重要だ」(しごとのかんきょうはとてもじゅうようだ). It can also refer to the setting or context in which something exists or operates, such as a social or technological environment.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

451

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Government

Reading

Kanji

政Government, Politics 府Government office, Urban prefecture

Explanation

The Japanese noun '政府 (せいふ)' refers to the governing body of a nation or state, commonly translated as 'government'. It is used to describe the system or group of people governing an organized community, often a state. This term is neutral and can refer to any form of government, whether democratic, autocratic, or otherwise. Example sentences include: The government announced a new policy「政府は新しい政策を発表した」(せいふはあたらしいせいさくをはっぴょうした). The government is responsible for public safety「政府は公共の安全に責任がある」(せいふはこうきょうのあんぜんにせきにんがある).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

452

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Technology

Reading

Kanji

技Skill 術Art, Technique

Explanation

The Japanese noun '技術 (ぎじゅつ)' primarily means 'technology' or 'technique'. It refers to the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry, or the skills and methods used in a particular field. It can be used in various contexts, from discussing advancements in technology to describing someone's skill in a craft or art. For example: Japan is known for its advanced technology「日本は先進的な技術で知られている」(にほんはせんしんてきなぎじゅつでしられている). He has excellent technique in painting「彼は絵画の技術が優れている」(かれはかいがのぎじゅつがすぐれている).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

453

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Younger

Reading

Kanji

年Year 下Down

Explanation

The Japanese noun '年下 (としした)' refers to someone who is younger in age. It is commonly used to describe a person who is younger than the speaker or another reference person. This term is often used in social contexts to indicate age hierarchy or relationships. For example: She is younger than me「彼女は私より年下です」(かのじょはわたしよりとししたです). My younger brother is three years younger than me「私の弟は私より3歳年下です」(わたしのおとうとはわたしよりさんさいとししたです). The term can also be used in professional or academic settings to refer to someone who is junior in status or experience.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

458

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

End

Reading

Kanji

最Most 後After, Behind

Explanation

The Japanese noun '最後 (さいご)' means 'end' or 'last'. It refers to the final part of something, such as the conclusion of an event, the last moment of a situation, or the ultimate outcome. It can also imply a sense of finality or irreversibility. For example: This is the end of the movie「これは映画の最後です」(これはえいがのさいごです). He stayed until the very end「彼は最後まで残った」(かれはさいごまでのこった). The word can also be used to emphasize the finality of an action, as in '最後のチャンス (さいごのチャンス) (last chance)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

459

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Number, Edition

Reading

Kanji

号Number

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '号 (ごう)' is commonly used to denote a number or edition. It can be attached to numbers to indicate a specific issue, version, or model, such as in train numbers, magazine issues, or ship names. For example: This is the 3rd edition「これは3号です」(これはさんごうです). The train is number 12「その電車は12号です」(そのでんしゃはじゅうにごうです). It can also be used in names of ships or vehicles, like 'Yamato号 (やまとごう)', meaning 'Yamato ship'. The suffix is versatile and context-dependent, often indicating a specific instance within a series.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

461

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Color, Appearance

Reading

Kanji

色Color

Explanation

The Japanese noun '色 (いろ)' primarily means 'color'. It refers to the hue or shade of an object, such as red, blue, or green. For example: the color of the sky is blue「空の色は青い」(そらのいろはあおい). Additionally, '色 (いろ)' can also mean 'appearance' or 'look', often used to describe the outward expression or mood of a situation or person. For example: her face showed a troubled look「彼女の顔に困った色が見えた」(かのじょのかおにこまったいろがみえた). This dual meaning makes '色 (いろ)' a versatile word in Japanese, used in both literal and figurative contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

462

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Side, On the other hand

Reading

Kanji

一One 方Direction

Explanation

The Japanese noun '一方 (いっぽう)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'side', referring to one of two opposing sides or directions. For example: on one side of the river「川の一方」(かわのいっぽう). The second meaning is 'on the other hand', used to contrast two different situations or perspectives. For example: He is kind. On the other hand, he can be strict「彼は優しい。一方、厳しいこともある」(かれはやさしい。いっぽう、きびしいこともある). This word is versatile and often appears in both formal and informal contexts to highlight contrasts or differences.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

463

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Basis

Reading

Kanji

基Base, Fundation 本Book, Origin

Explanation

The Japanese noun '基本 (きほん)' means 'basis' or 'foundation'. It refers to the fundamental principles or essential elements that form the core of something. This word is often used in contexts related to education, rules, or systems to denote the underlying principles. For example: The basis of learning is practice「基本は練習です」(きほんはれんしゅうです). Understanding the basics is important「基本を理解することが大切です」(きほんをりかいすることがたいせつです). It can also be used in phrases like '基本ルール (きほんルール)' (basic rules) or '基本方針 (きほんほうしん)' (basic policy).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

464

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Photo

Reading

Kanji

写Copy, Photograph 真Truth

Explanation

The Japanese noun '写真 (しゃしん)' means 'photo' or 'photograph'. It refers to a picture taken with a camera or similar device. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation and can refer to both physical and digital photos. For example: I took a photo「写真を撮りました」(しゃしんをとりました). This is a beautiful photo「これは美しい写真です」(これはうつくしいしゃしんです). The word can also be used in compound terms, such as '写真集 (しゃしんしゅう)' (photo album) or '写真家 (しゃしんか)' (photographer).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

466

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Foreigner

Reading

Kanji

外Outside 人Person

Explanation

The Japanese noun '外人 (がいじん)' means 'foreigner'. It is a term used to refer to someone who is not Japanese, often implying that they are from a different country or culture. While it is a commonly used term, it can sometimes carry a slightly informal or even pejorative nuance depending on the context, so it is important to be mindful of its usage. For example: There are many foreigners in Tokyo「東京には外人が多い」(とうきょうにはがいじんがおおい). That foreigner speaks Japanese well「あの外人は日本語が上手だ」(あのがいじんはにほんごがじょうずだ). In more polite or formal contexts, the term '外国人 (がいこくじん)' is often preferred.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

468

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Person, Shop

Reading

Kanji

屋Shop, Roof

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '屋 (や)' has two primary meanings. First, it is commonly used to denote a shop or store that sells a specific type of goods. For example: a bookstore「本屋」(ほんや). Second, it can also refer to a person who is associated with a particular trait, profession, or characteristic. For example: a hard worker「働き屋」(はたらきや). The suffix is versatile and widely used in everyday language. Example sentences: I bought this at the flower shop「これを花屋で買いました」(これをはなやでかいました). He is a real workaholic「彼は本当の働き屋です」(かれはほんとうのはたらきやです).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

470

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fact

Reading

Kanji

事Thing 実Fruit, Truth

Explanation

The Japanese noun '事実 (じじつ)' means 'fact'. It refers to something that is true or has actually happened, often used in contexts where objective reality or truth is being discussed. For example: The fact is undeniable「事実は否定できない」(じじつはひていできない). He presented the facts clearly「彼は事実を明確に提示した」(かれはじじつをめいかくにていじした). This word is commonly used in formal or serious discussions, such as in news reports, legal contexts, or academic writing. It can also be used to contrast with opinions or assumptions, emphasizing the importance of truth and evidence.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

472

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Name

Reading

Kanji

名Name 前Before, Front

Explanation

The Japanese noun '名前 (なまえ)' means 'name'. It refers to the word or words by which a person, place, or thing is known. This term is commonly used in everyday conversation to ask for or give someone's name. For example: What is your name?「あなたの名前は何ですか？」(あなたのなまえはなんですか？). My name is Tanaka「私の名前は田中です」(わたしのなまえはたなかです). It can also be used to refer to the name of objects, places, or even abstract concepts, such as the name of a book or a company. The word is neutral in tone and can be used in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

473

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cooperation

Reading

Kanji

協Cooperate 力Power

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '協力 (きょうりょく)' means 'cooperation'. It refers to the act of working together with others to achieve a common goal. This word is often used in contexts involving teamwork, collaboration, or mutual assistance. For example: Thank you for your cooperation「ご協力ありがとうございます」(ごきょうりょくありがとうございます). We need everyone's cooperation to succeed「成功するにはみんなの協力が必要です」(せいこうするにはみんなのきょうりょくがひつようです). The word can also be used in formal or informal settings, making it versatile in both professional and casual conversations.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

474

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Leg, Foot

Reading

Kanji

足Foot, Sufficient

Explanation

The Japanese noun '足 (あし)' can mean either 'foot' or 'leg', depending on the context. It refers to the lower limb of the body, from the hip to the toes. When used to mean 'foot', it specifically refers to the part of the limb below the ankle. When used to mean 'leg', it refers to the entire limb. For example: My foot hurts「足が痛い」(あしがいたい). He has long legs「彼は足が長い」(かれはあしがながい). The word is also used in various idiomatic expressions, such as '足が速い (あしがはやい)', which means 'fast runner' or 'quick to spoil' (for food).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

475

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exit

Reading

Kanji

出Exit 口Mouth

Explanation

The Japanese noun '出口 (でぐち)' means 'exit'. It is commonly used to refer to a way out of a building, room, or enclosed space, such as a train station, shopping mall, or theater. For example: The exit is over there「出口はあそこです」(でぐちはあそこです). Please use the emergency exit in case of fire「火事の場合は非常口を使ってください」(かじのばあいはひじょうぐちをつかってください). Note that '出口' is often paired with '入口 (いりぐち)', which means 'entrance', to indicate the flow of movement in and out of a space.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

477

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Past

Reading

Kanji

昔Old times

Explanation

The Japanese noun '昔 (むかし)' refers to 'the past' or 'olden times'. It is used to describe a time long ago, often with a nostalgic or historical connotation. This word is commonly used in storytelling or when reminiscing about earlier days. For example: In the past, this town was very quiet「昔、この町はとても静かだった」(むかし、このまちはとてもしずかだった). Long ago, people used to travel by horse「昔、人々は馬で旅をした」(むかし、ひとびとはうまでたびをした). The word '昔' can also be used in expressions like '昔話 (むかしばなし)', which means 'old tale' or 'folktale'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

478

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Enough

Reading

Kanji

十Ten 分Minute, Part

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '十分 (じゅうぶん)' means 'enough' or 'sufficient'. It is used to indicate that something is adequate or satisfactory in quantity, quality, or degree. This word can be used in various contexts, such as describing time, resources, or effort. For example: I have enough time「時間は十分です」(じかんはじゅうぶんです). This meal is sufficient「この食事は十分です」(このしょくじはじゅうぶんです). It can also be used to express that no further action is needed, as in 'That's enough, thank you'「十分です、ありがとう」(じゅうぶんです、ありがとう).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

479

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

You

Reading

Kanji

君Ruler, You

Explanation

The Japanese pronoun '君 (きみ)' is an informal way to say 'you'. It is typically used by males and can carry a sense of familiarity or intimacy, often used among friends, peers, or when addressing someone of lower status. However, it can also sound condescending if used inappropriately, so caution is advised. Example sentences: You are kind「君は優しい」(きみはやさしい). I like you「君が好きだ」(きみがすきだ). Note that '君' is less formal than 'あなた' and is rarely used in polite or professional settings.

Part Of Speech

pronoun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

480

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unskilled

Reading

Kanji

下Down 手Hand

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '下手 (へた)' means 'unskilled' or 'poor at something'. It is used to describe a lack of skill or proficiency in a particular activity or task. This word often carries a slightly negative connotation, implying that someone is not good at something. For example: I am bad at cooking「私は料理が下手です」(わたしはりょうりがへたです). He is unskilled at playing the piano「彼はピアノを弾くのが下手です」(かれはぴあのをひくのがへたです). It is commonly used in the structure '[subject] は [activity] が 下手です' to express someone's lack of skill in a specific area.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

482

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Insurance

Reading

Kanji

保Preserve 険Dangerous, Steep

Explanation

The Japanese noun '保険 (ほけん)' means 'insurance'. It refers to a system or contract where individuals or entities pay premiums to protect against financial loss or damage. This term is commonly used in contexts like health insurance, car insurance, or life insurance. For example: I have health insurance「私は健康保険を持っています」(わたしはけんこうほけんをもっています). Car insurance is mandatory「車の保険は必須です」(くるまのほけんはひっすです). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that provides security or a safeguard against potential risks.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

483

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Region

Reading

Kanji

地Ground 方Direction

Explanation

The Japanese noun '地方 (ちほう)' means 'region'. It refers to a specific area or part of a country, often used to distinguish areas outside major cities like Tokyo or Osaka. It can also imply a rural or less urbanized area. For example: I want to visit the northern region「北の地方に行きたい」(きたのちほうにいきたい). This region is famous for its hot springs「この地方は温泉で有名です」(このちほうはおんせんでゆうめいです). The word can also be used in contexts like 'local government' (地方自治体, ちほうじちたい) or 'regional culture' (地方文化, ちほうぶんか).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

485

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Century

Reading

Kanji

世World, Generation 紀Chronicle, Era

Explanation

The Japanese noun '世紀 (せいき)' means 'century'. It refers to a period of 100 years. This word is commonly used in historical contexts or when discussing long periods of time. For example: the 21st century「21世紀」(にじゅういちせいき). The 20th century was a time of great change「20世紀は大きな変化の時代でした」(にじゅうせいきはおおきなへんかのじだいでした). It can also be used metaphorically to describe a significant era or period, such as 'the century of technology'「技術の世紀」(ぎじゅつのせいき).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

486

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Member

Reading

Kanji

員Member

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '員 (いん)' is used to denote a member or a person associated with a particular group, organization, or role. It is commonly attached to nouns to indicate someone's affiliation or position. For example: company employee「会社員」(かいしゃいん). staff member「職員」(しょくいん). This suffix is versatile and can be used in various contexts to specify a person's role within a group or organization.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

488

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Guest, Customer

Reading

Kanji

客Guest, Customer

Explanation

The Japanese noun '客 (きゃく)' can mean both 'guest' and 'customer', depending on the context. When referring to a 'guest', it is often used in social or hospitality settings, such as inviting someone to your home or a hotel guest. For example: The guest arrived「客が来た」(きゃくがきた). When referring to a 'customer', it is commonly used in business or retail contexts, such as a store or restaurant. For example: The customer is waiting「客が待っている」(きゃくがまっている). The word can also imply a sense of respect or formality, as in treating someone as an honored guest or valued customer.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

489

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Newspaper

Reading

Kanji

新New 聞Listen

Explanation

The Japanese noun '新聞 (しんぶん)' means 'newspaper'. It refers to a printed publication containing news, articles, and advertisements, typically issued daily or weekly. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation and is a staple in Japanese media culture. For example: I read the newspaper every morning「毎朝新聞を読みます」(まいあさしんぶんをよみます). The newspaper is on the table「新聞はテーブルの上にあります」(しんぶんはテーブルのうえにあります). It can also be used in compound words, such as '新聞記者 (しんぶんきしゃ)' (newspaper reporter).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

490

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Karate

Reading

Kanji

空Sky, Empty 手Hand

Explanation

The Japanese noun '空手 (からて)' refers to 'karate', a traditional martial art originating from Okinawa, Japan. It emphasizes striking techniques using punches, kicks, knee strikes, and open-hand techniques. The word literally translates to 'empty hand', reflecting its focus on unarmed combat. Example sentences: He practices karate every day「彼は毎日空手を練習する」(かれはまいにちからてをれんしゅうする). Karate is a disciplined martial art「空手は規律のある武道です」(からてはきりつのあるぶどうです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

491

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Citizen

Reading

Kanji

国Country 民People, Nation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '国民 (こくみん)' refers to the people of a nation or citizens of a country. It is often used in a collective sense to describe the population of a nation as a whole. For example: The citizens of Japan are hardworking「日本の国民は勤勉です」(にほんのこくみんはきんべんです). The government cares for its citizens「政府は国民のことを気にかけています」(せいふはこくみんのことをきにかけています). This term is commonly used in political, social, and economic contexts to refer to the general populace of a country.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

492

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Spirit, Mind

Reading

Kanji

精Spirit, Refine 神God

Explanation

The Japanese noun '精神 (せいしん)' primarily refers to 'spirit' or 'mind'. It encompasses mental and emotional states, as well as the essence of one's being. It is often used in contexts related to psychology, philosophy, or personal resilience. For example: He has a strong spirit「彼は強い精神を持っている」(かれはつよいせいしんをもっている). Mental health is important「精神の健康は大切です」(せいしんのけんこうはたいせつです). The word can also refer to the collective mindset or ethos of a group, such as in 'team spirit' or 'national spirit'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

493

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Daughter

Reading

Kanji

娘Daughter, Girl

Explanation

The Japanese noun '娘 (むすめ)' means 'daughter'. It refers to a female child in relation to her parents. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: my daughter is kind「私の娘は優しい」(わたしのむすめはやさしい). Her daughter is a student「彼女の娘は学生です」(かのじょのむすめはがくせいです). The term can also be used affectionately or to refer to a young girl in general, though it primarily means 'daughter'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

494

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Whole

Reading

Kanji

全Whole, All 体Body

Explanation

The Japanese noun '全体 (ぜんたい)' means 'whole' or 'entirety'. It refers to the complete or total extent of something, often used to describe the entirety of a group, object, or situation. For example: the whole picture「全体の絵」(ぜんたいのえ). The entire team is here「全体のチームがここにいる」(ぜんたいのチームがここにいる). This word is commonly used in contexts where the focus is on the entirety rather than individual parts. It can also imply a sense of unity or completeness, as in '全体の意見 (ぜんたいのいけん) (the whole opinion)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

495

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hospital

Reading

Kanji

病Illness 院Institution

Explanation

The Japanese noun '病院 (びょういん)' means 'hospital'. It refers to a medical institution where patients receive treatment, care, and diagnosis. This word is commonly used in everyday conversations when discussing health, medical visits, or emergencies. For example: I went to the hospital「病院に行きました」(びょういんにいきました). The hospital is nearby「病院は近くです」(びょういんはちかくです). It is important to note that '病院' is distinct from 'クリニック (くりにっく)', which typically refers to smaller clinics or private practices.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

496

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

We

Reading

Kanji

我Self, Ego

Explanation

The Japanese pronoun '我々 (われわれ)' means 'we'. It is a formal and somewhat literary way to refer to a group that includes the speaker. It is often used in speeches, formal writing, or when emphasizing a collective identity. For example: We must work together「我々は共に働かなければならない」(われわれはともにはたらかなければならない). We are responsible「我々は責任がある」(われわれはせきにんがある). Note that '我々' is less commonly used in casual conversation, where '私たち (わたしたち)' is more typical.

Part Of Speech

pronoun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

498

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Weekly

Reading

Kanji

毎Every 週Week

Explanation

The Japanese noun '毎週 (まいしゅう)' means 'weekly'. It refers to something that occurs or is done every week. This word is commonly used to describe routines, schedules, or events that happen on a weekly basis. For example: I go to the gym weekly「毎週ジムに行きます」(まいしゅうジムにいきます). The meeting is held weekly「会議は毎週行われます」(かいぎはまいしゅうおこなわれます). It can also be used to specify the frequency of an action, as in '毎週のレッスン (まいしゅうのレッスン) (weekly lesson)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

500

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Period

Reading

Kanji

期Time, Period

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '期 (き)' is used to denote a specific period, phase, or stage. It is often attached to nouns to indicate a time frame or a particular stage in a process. For example: the rainy season「梅雨期」(つゆき). The growth period「成長期」(せいちょうき). This suffix is commonly used in contexts related to seasons, development, or historical periods. It is important to note that '期' is not used alone but always as a suffix attached to another noun to specify the period or phase being referred to.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

501

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

About

Reading

Kanji

約Promise, Approximately

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '約 (やく)' means 'about' or 'approximately'. It is commonly used to indicate an approximate quantity, time, or degree. This prefix is often attached to numbers or time expressions to convey that the value is not exact but close to it. For example: about 100 people「約100人」(やくひゃくにん). It will take about 2 hours「約2時間かかります」(やくにじかんかかります). Note that '約' is typically used in formal or written contexts, and in casual speech, alternatives like 'だいたい' or 'くらい' might be more common.

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

505

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Theory

Reading

Kanji

論Theory, Argument

Explanation

The Japanese noun '論 (ろん)' primarily means 'theory' or 'argument'. It refers to a systematic explanation or reasoning about a subject, often used in academic, philosophical, or logical contexts. It can also imply a discussion or debate about a topic. For example: His theory is interesting「彼の論は面白い」(かれのろんはおもしろい). We had a debate about politics「私たちは政治についての論をした」(わたしたちはせいじについてのろんをした). The word is often used in compound nouns, such as '理論 (りろん)' (theory) or '議論 (ぎろん)' (discussion/debate).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

507

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Woods

Reading

Kanji

林Grove

Explanation

The Japanese noun '林 (はやし)' refers to a small or medium-sized wooded area, often smaller than a forest. It is used to describe a grove or a cluster of trees. For example: there is a woods near my house「私の家の近くに林があります」(わたしのいえのちかくにはやしがあります). We took a walk in the woods「私たちは林の中を散歩しました」(わたしたちははやしのなかをさんぽしました). The word is distinct from '森 (もり)', which refers to a larger forest.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

508

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Effect

Reading

Kanji

効Effective 果Fruit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '効果 (こうか)' means 'effect'. It refers to the result or impact of an action, event, or condition. This word is commonly used in various contexts, such as medicine, science, and everyday situations, to describe the outcome or influence of something. For example: The medicine had a good effect「薬は良い効果があった」(くすりはよいこうかがあった). The sound effects in the movie were impressive「映画の音響効果は印象的だった」(えいがのおんきょうこうかはいんしょうてきだった). It can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as the effect of a policy or strategy.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

509

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

New

Reading

Kanji

新New

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '新 (しん)' means 'new' and is commonly used to indicate something that is fresh, recent, or innovative. It is often attached to nouns to form compound words, emphasizing the novelty or updated nature of the subject. For example: new product「新製品」(しんせいひん). new employee「新入社員」(しんにゅうしゃいん). This prefix is widely used in various contexts, such as business, technology, and everyday life, to highlight something that is newly introduced or created.

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

511

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Act

Reading

Kanji

行Go 為Do, Sake

Explanation

The Japanese noun '行為 (こうい)' means 'act' or 'action'. It refers to a deed or something done by someone, often implying intention or purpose. This word is commonly used in formal or serious contexts, such as legal, moral, or philosophical discussions. For example: His act was unforgivable「彼の行為は許せない」(かれのこういはゆるせない). The act of kindness saved her life「その親切な行為が彼女の命を救った」(そのしんせつなこういがかのじょのいのちをすくった). Note that '行為' is neutral in tone and can refer to both positive and negative actions, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

515

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wife

Reading

Kanji

家House 内Inside

Explanation

The Japanese noun '家内 (かない)' is a polite and somewhat old-fashioned term used to refer to one's own wife. It is often used in formal or traditional contexts. The word literally translates to 'inside the house,' reflecting the historical context where women were primarily associated with domestic roles. However, its usage has declined in modern times, with '妻 (つま)' or '奥さん (おくさん)' being more common. Example sentences: My wife is kind「家内は優しいです」(かないはやさしいです). I will discuss this with my wife「家内と相談します」(かないとそうだんします).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

518

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Five hundred

Reading

Kanji

五Five 百Hundred

Explanation

The Japanese noun '五百 (ごひゃく)' means 'five hundred'. It is a specific number used to denote the quantity of 500. This term is often used in contexts involving counting, measurements, or quantities. For example: there are five hundred yen in this wallet「この財布には五百円があります」(このさいふにはごひゃくえんがあります). The library has five hundred books「図書館には五百冊の本があります」(としょかんにはごひゃくさつのほんがあります). It's important to note that '五百' is typically used in formal or written contexts, while in casual conversation, people might simply say '500' or use the more colloquial term '五百 (ごひゃく)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

520

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Nation

Reading

Kanji

国Country 家House

Explanation

The Japanese noun '国家 (こっか)' refers to a 'nation' or 'state', encompassing the idea of a country as a political and geographical entity. It is often used in formal contexts to discuss matters related to national governance, sovereignty, or international relations. For example: The nation's security is important「国家の安全は重要です」(こっかのあんぜんはじゅうようです). The prosperity of the nation depends on its citizens「国家の繁栄は国民にかかっている」(こっかのはんえいはこくみんにかかっている). This term is commonly used in political, legal, and academic discussions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

521

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Responsibility

Reading

Kanji

責Blame, Liability 任Duty, Responsibility

Explanation

The Japanese noun '責任 (せきにん)' means 'responsibility'. It refers to the state or fact of being accountable for something, often involving duties or obligations. This word is commonly used in both personal and professional contexts. For example: He took responsibility for the mistake「彼はそのミスの責任を取った」(かれはそのミスのせきにんをとった). It is your responsibility to finish the task「その仕事を終わらせるのはあなたの責任です」(そのしごとをおわらせるのはあなたのせきにんです). The word can also imply moral or legal accountability, as in 'criminal responsibility' (刑事責任, けいじせきにん).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

522

Composition

kanji

Handwriting