word

Meaning

Saturday

Reading

Kanji

土Soil 曜Weekday

Explanation

The Japanese noun '土曜 (どよう)' refers to 'Saturday', the seventh day of the week. It is commonly used in contexts related to scheduling, planning, or discussing days of the week. For example: I have a meeting on Saturday「土曜に会議があります」(どようにかいぎがあります). Saturday is my day off「土曜は休みです」(どようはやすみです). The word is often paired with other time-related terms, such as '土曜日 (どようび)', which also means 'Saturday' but is slightly more formal.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4879

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ability

Reading

Kanji

能Ability

Explanation

The Japanese noun '能 (のう)' primarily means 'ability' or 'capability'. It refers to the capacity or skill to perform a task or achieve something. This word is often used in contexts related to personal or professional skills, such as in '彼は語学の能がある (かれはごがくののうがある)', which translates to 'He has a talent for languages'. Additionally, '能' can also refer to Noh, a traditional form of Japanese theater, but this is a completely different and unrelated meaning. For example: Noh is a traditional Japanese performance art「能は日本の伝統芸能です」(のうはにほんのでんとうげいのうです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4880

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Junior

Reading

Kanji

後After, Behind 輩Fellow, Comrade

Explanation

The Japanese noun '後輩 (こうはい)' refers to someone who is junior to you, typically in a school, workplace, or organization. This term is often used to describe someone who joined after you or is younger in age or experience. It carries a sense of hierarchy and is commonly used in contexts where seniority matters. For example: My junior is very hardworking「私の後輩はとても頑張り屋です」(わたしのこうはいはとてもがんばりやです). I often help my juniors with their work「私はよく後輩の仕事を手伝います」(わたしはよくこうはいのしごとをてつだいます). The term is neutral and does not inherently imply a positive or negative relationship, but it emphasizes the hierarchical structure common in Japanese society.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4883

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Perfume

Reading

Kanji

香Fragrance 水Water

Explanation

The Japanese noun '香水 (こうすい)' means 'perfume'. It refers to a fragrant liquid typically made from essential oils and used to impart a pleasant scent to the body or surroundings. This word is commonly used in contexts related to personal grooming, fashion, or gifts. For example: She bought a new perfume「彼女は新しい香水を買った」(かのじょはあたらしいこうすいをかった). This perfume smells like roses「この香水はバラの香りがする」(このこうすいのはバラのかおりがする). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is pleasing or attractive in a non-literal sense.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4884

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Chorus

Reading

Kanji

合Fit, Match 唱Chant

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '合唱 (がっしょう)' refers to a 'chorus' or 'choral singing'. It is commonly used to describe a group of people singing together in harmony, often in a formal or organized setting such as a school event, concert, or religious ceremony. For example: The students performed a chorus at the school festival「生徒たちは学園祭で合唱をしました」(せいとたちはがくえんさいでがっしょうをしました). We practiced the chorus for the concert「私たちはコンサートのために合唱を練習しました」(わたしたちはこんさーとのためにがっしょうをれんしゅうしました). This term is often associated with group performances and emphasizes the collective effort of singing together.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4885

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Crystallization

Reading

Kanji

結Tie, Bind 晶Crystal

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '結晶 (けっしょう)' refers to the process or result of crystallization, where a substance forms into a crystal structure. It can also metaphorically represent the culmination or tangible result of efforts, ideas, or emotions. For example: The crystallization of salt from seawater「海水からの塩の結晶」(かいすいからのしおのけっしょう). Her hard work finally crystallized into success「彼女の努力がついに成功という結晶になった」(かのじょのどりょくがついにせいこうというけっしょうになった).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4886

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rare

Reading

Kanji

滅Ruin, Destroy 多Many

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '滅多 (めった)' means 'rare' and is often used in negative constructions to indicate that something seldom happens. It is commonly paired with the negative form of verbs to express infrequency. For example: I rarely go there「滅多に行かない」(めったにいかない). He rarely gets angry「彼は滅多に怒らない」(かれはめったにおこらない). The word is typically used in formal or written contexts and carries a nuance of something being unusual or exceptional.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4889

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ceremony

Reading

Kanji

儀Ceremony 式Style, Ceremony

Explanation

The Japanese noun '儀式 (ぎしき)' refers to a formal event or ritual, often with a set of traditional or religious procedures. It is commonly used to describe events like weddings, funerals, or other significant cultural or religious gatherings. For example: The wedding ceremony was beautiful「結婚式の儀式は美しかった」(けっこんしきのぎしきはうつくしかった). They performed a traditional tea ceremony「彼らは伝統的な茶道の儀式を行った」(かれらはでんとうてきなさどうのぎしきをおこなった). The word emphasizes the structured and formal nature of such events, often involving specific customs or traditions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4890

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Indicator

Reading

Kanji

指Finger 標Signpost, Mark

Explanation

The Japanese noun '指標 (しひょう)' means 'indicator'. It refers to a sign, measure, or index that shows the state or level of something. This word is often used in contexts such as economics, science, and statistics to describe data points or metrics that provide insight into trends or conditions. For example: The economic indicators are improving「経済指標が改善している」(けいざいしひょうがかいぜんしている). This chart shows key performance indicators「このチャートは主要な業績指標を示している」(このチャートはしゅようなぎょうせきしひょうをしめしている).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4891

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Detective

Reading

Kanji

探Search 偵Spy

Explanation

The Japanese noun '探偵 (たんてい)' refers to a 'detective', someone who investigates and solves crimes or mysteries. This term is commonly used in contexts involving private investigators, fictional detectives, or professional sleuths. For example: He is a famous detective「彼は有名な探偵です」(かれはゆうめいなたんていです). The detective solved the case「探偵が事件を解決した」(たんていがじけんをかいけつした). The word can also appear in compound terms like '探偵小説 (たんていしょうせつ)' (detective novel) or '探偵事務所 (たんていじむしょ)' (detective agency).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4892

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Deposit

Reading

Kanji

敷Spread, Lay 金Gold

Explanation

The Japanese noun '敷金 (しききん)' refers to a 'deposit' paid when renting a property, such as an apartment or house. This deposit is typically paid to the landlord or property owner at the beginning of the lease and is intended to cover potential damages or unpaid rent. It is common in Japan for the deposit to be non-refundable or partially refundable, depending on the terms of the rental agreement. For example: The deposit for this apartment is high「このアパートの敷金は高いです」(このアパートのしききんはたかいです). I paid the deposit when I moved in「引っ越しの時に敷金を払いました」(ひっこしのときにしききんをはらいました). Note that '敷金' is often used alongside '礼金 (れいきん)', which is a non-refundable 'key money' payment also common in Japanese rental agreements.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4893

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bill, Calculation

Reading

Kanji

勘Check, Intuition 定Determine

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '勘定 (かんじょう)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'bill', referring to the amount owed for services or goods, often used in restaurants or stores. For example: Please bring the bill「勘定をお願いします」(かんじょうをおねがいします). The second meaning is 'calculation', referring to the act of computing or figuring out numbers. For example: He is good at mental calculation「彼は暗算の勘定が得意です」(かれはあんざんのかんじょうがとくいです). The word can also imply careful consideration or planning in certain contexts, such as 'taking into account'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4894

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Waterworks

Reading

Kanji

水Water 道Way

Explanation

The Japanese noun '水道 (すいどう)' refers to a water supply system or waterworks. It is commonly used to describe the infrastructure that provides water to homes, businesses, and public spaces. This term can also refer to the pipes and facilities that make up the water distribution system. For example: The waterworks in this city are very efficient「この街の水道はとても効率的です」(このまちのすいどうはとてもこうりつてきです). Please pay the water bill「水道料金を払ってください」(すいどうりょうきんをはらってください). The word is often used in contexts related to utilities, infrastructure, and daily life.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4896

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Discomfort

Reading

Kanji

不Not 快Pleasant

Explanation

The Japanese noun '不快 (ふかい)' refers to a feeling of discomfort or unpleasantness. It can describe physical discomfort, such as feeling unwell, or emotional discomfort, such as unease or irritation. This word is often used in contexts where something causes a negative sensation or reaction. For example: I feel discomfort in this situation「この状況に不快を感じる」(このじょうきょうにふかいをかんじる). The smell caused discomfort「その匂いが不快を引き起こした」(そのにおいがふかいをひきおこした). It is also commonly used in phrases like '不快感 (ふかいかん)' (feeling of discomfort) to emphasize the sensation of unease.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4897

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Frost

Reading

Kanji

霜Frost

Explanation

The Japanese noun '霜 (しも)' refers to 'frost', which is the thin layer of ice that forms on surfaces when the temperature drops below freezing. This word is often used in weather-related contexts or to describe the natural phenomenon of frost forming on plants, windows, or the ground. For example: The frost is beautiful this morning「今朝の霜は美しい」(けさのしもはうつくしい). The garden was covered in frost「庭が霜で覆われていた」(にわがしもでおおわれていた). Frost can also symbolize coldness or the arrival of winter in poetic or literary contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4901

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stock price

Reading

Kanji

株Shares, Stocks 価Price

Explanation

The Japanese noun '株価 (かぶか)' refers to the 'stock price' or 'share price' of a company. It is commonly used in financial and business contexts to discuss the value of stocks traded on the market. For example: The stock price rose sharply「株価が急上昇した」(かぶかがきゅうじょうしょうした). The stock price of that company is high「あの会社の株価は高い」(あのかいしゃのかぶかはたかい). This term is essential in discussions about investments, market trends, and economic news.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4902

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Again

Reading

Kanji

再Again, Twice 度Degrees, Times

Explanation

The Japanese noun '再度 (さいど)' means 'again' or 'once more'. It is used to indicate the repetition of an action or event. This word is often used in formal or written contexts, such as in business or official communications. For example: Please try again「再度お試しください」(さいどおためしください). We will discuss this matter again「この件は再度話し合います」(このけんはさいどはなしあいます). Note that '再度' is more formal than other words meaning 'again', such as 'もう一度 (もういちど)', which is more commonly used in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4903

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Communication, Transmission

Reading

Kanji

伝Transmit 達Attain, Plural

Explanation

The Japanese noun '伝達 (でんたつ)' refers to the act of transmitting or communicating information, messages, or instructions from one person or place to another. It is often used in formal or organizational contexts, such as in workplaces, schools, or official communications. For example: The transmission of information is crucial「情報の伝達は重要です」(じょうほうのでんたつはじゅうようです). The teacher communicated the instructions clearly「先生は指示を明確に伝達しました」(せんせいはしじをめいかくにでんたつしました). Note that '伝達' emphasizes the process of conveying information accurately and effectively.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4904

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Public

Reading

Kanji

公Public 衆Multitude

Explanation

The Japanese noun '公衆 (こうしゅう)' refers to 'the public' or 'the general populace'. It is commonly used in contexts relating to public spaces, public services, or public opinion. For example: public restroom「公衆トイレ」(こうしゅうトイレ). Public opinion is important「公衆の意見は重要です」(こうしゅうのいけんはじゅうようです). The term often carries a formal tone and is frequently used in official or societal contexts. It can also imply a collective group of people, as in '公衆の面前 (こうしゅうのめんぜん) (in front of the public)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4906

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

House of Representatives

Reading

Kanji

衆Multitude 議Deliberation 院Institution

Explanation

The Japanese noun '衆議院 (しゅうぎいん)' refers to the 'House of Representatives', which is the lower house of Japan's bicameral parliament, the National Diet. It is one of the two legislative chambers, the other being the House of Councilors (参議院, さんぎいん). The House of Representatives holds significant power, including the ability to override decisions made by the House of Councillors in certain situations. For example: The bill was passed by the House of Representatives「その法案は衆議院で可決された」(そのほうあんはしゅうぎいんでかけつされた). Members of the House of Representatives are elected by the public「衆議院議員は国民によって選ばれる」(しゅうぎいんぎいんはこくみんによってえらばれる).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4907

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Crowd

Reading

Kanji

観View 衆Multitude

Explanation

The Japanese noun '観衆 (かんしゅう)' refers to a 'crowd' or 'audience', typically gathered to watch an event, performance, or spectacle. It emphasizes the collective group of people observing something. For example: The crowd cheered loudly「観衆は大声で歓声を上げた」(かんしゅうはおおごえでかんせいをあげた). The audience was captivated by the performance「観衆はそのパフォーマンスに引き込まれた」(かんしゅうはそのぱふぉーまんすにひきこまれた). This word is often used in contexts like sports events, concerts, or public gatherings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4908

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Crowd

Reading

Kanji

群Group, Flock 衆Multitude

Explanation

The Japanese noun '群衆 (ぐんしゅう)' refers to a 'crowd' or a large group of people gathered together. It is often used to describe a mass of people in public spaces, such as during events, protests, or in busy areas. The word carries a neutral tone and can be used in both positive and negative contexts. For example: The crowd cheered loudly「群衆は大声で歓声を上げた」(ぐんしゅうはおおごえでかんせいをあげた). The crowd dispersed quickly「群衆はすぐに解散した」(ぐんしゅうはすぐにかいさんした). Note that '群衆' emphasizes the collective nature of the group, often implying a sense of unity or shared purpose among the individuals.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4909

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

South

Reading

Kanji

南South 部Section, Department

Explanation

The Japanese noun '南部 (なんぶ)' refers to the 'southern part' of a region, area, or country. It is often used in geographical contexts to describe the southern portion of a place. For example: The southern part of Japan is warm「日本の南部は暖かい」(にほんのなんぶはあたたかい). The southern region of the country is known for its beaches「その国の南部はビーチで有名です」(そのくにのなんぶはビーチでゆうめいです). This term is commonly used in place names or to specify a location within a larger area.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4911

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Flag

Reading

Kanji

旗Flag

Explanation

The Japanese noun '旗 (はた)' means 'flag'. This word refers to a piece of cloth or similar material, typically rectangular or triangular, attached to a pole or rope and used as a symbol, signaling device, or decoration. It is commonly used in contexts such as national flags, sports events, or festivals. For example: The national flag is flying「国旗がはためいている」(こっきがはためいている). They raised the white flag「彼らは白い旗を上げた」(かれらはしろいはたをあげた). The word can also be used metaphorically to represent a cause or movement, as in '旗を掲げる (はたをかかげる)' which means 'to raise a flag' or 'to champion a cause'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4912

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Farmer

Reading

Kanji

百Hundred 姓Surname, Family name

Explanation

The Japanese noun '百姓 (ひゃくしょう)' historically refers to a farmer or peasant. It is an older term that was commonly used in feudal Japan to describe people who worked in agriculture. While it is still understood today, it can carry a somewhat outdated or even derogatory connotation in modern usage, depending on the context. For example: The farmer works hard「百姓は一生懸命働く」(ひゃくしょうはいっしょうけんめいはたらく). In the past, farmers were called '百姓'「昔、農民は百姓と呼ばれていた」(むかし、のうみんはひゃくしょうとよばれていた). It is important to note that in contemporary Japanese, the term '農民 (のうみん)' or '農家 (のうか)' is more commonly used to refer to farmers in a neutral or respectful way.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4913

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Consignment

Reading

Kanji

委Committee 託Entrust, Consign

Explanation

The Japanese noun '委託 (いたく)' refers to the act of entrusting or consigning something to someone else, often in a business or legal context. It implies that responsibility or authority is being delegated to another party. For example: The company consigned the task to a specialist「会社はその仕事を専門家に委託した」(かいしゃはそのしごとをせんもんかにいたくした). The goods were sent on consignment「商品は委託で送られた」(しょうひんはいたくでおくられた). This term is commonly used in contexts involving outsourcing, agency agreements, or the transfer of responsibilities.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4917

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bean

Reading

Kanji

豆Beans

Explanation

The Japanese noun '豆 (まめ)' primarily means 'bean'. This word is used to refer to various types of beans, such as soybeans, green beans, or coffee beans. It can also be used metaphorically or in compound words to describe small, bean-like objects or concepts. For example: I like green beans「緑の豆が好きです」(みどりのまめがすきです). Coffee beans are roasted「コーヒーの豆は焙煎されます」(コーヒーのまめはばいせんされます). Additionally, '豆' can sometimes refer to small, round objects or even trivial matters, but the primary meaning remains 'bean'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4918

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Scholarship

Reading

Kanji

奨Urge, Encourage 学Learn 金Gold

Explanation

The Japanese noun '奨学金 (しょうがくきん)' refers to a 'scholarship', which is financial aid awarded to students to help pay for their education. This term is commonly used in academic contexts and can refer to both merit-based and need-based scholarships. For example: I received a scholarship「奨学金をもらいました」(しょうがくきんをもらいました). She applied for a scholarship「彼女は奨学金に申し込んだ」(かのじょはしょうがくきんにもうしこんだ). It is important to note that '奨学金' is often associated with higher education, such as university or graduate school, and can cover tuition, living expenses, or both.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4920

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Highway

Reading

Kanji

街Street, Boulevard 道Way

Explanation

The Japanese noun '街道 (かいどう)' refers to a highway or main road, often historically significant. It is used to describe major routes that connect cities or regions, and it can carry a sense of tradition or historical importance. For example: This highway connects Kyoto and Tokyo「この街道は京都と東京を結ぶ」(このかいどうはきょうとととうきょうをむすぶ). The old highway is still in use「古い街道はまだ使われている」(ふるいかいどうはまだつかわれている). The term can also evoke a sense of nostalgia or cultural heritage, as many 街道 were used during the Edo period for travel and trade.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4921

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Arrival

Reading

Kanji

着Arrive, Wear

Explanation

The Japanese noun '着 (き)' primarily means 'arrival'. It is used to indicate the act of arriving at a destination or the state of having arrived. This word is often used in contexts related to travel, schedules, or events. For example: the train's arrival is delayed「電車の着が遅れている」(でんしゃのきがおくれている). The package's arrival is scheduled for tomorrow「荷物の着は明日です」(にもつのきはあすです). It can also be used in compound words like '到着 (とうちゃく)' (arrival) or '発着 (はっちゃく)' (departure and arrival). Note that '着' can also refer to clothing in other contexts, but this meaning is unrelated and would be represented by a different reading (e.g., '着る (きる)' for 'to wear').

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4922

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Essence, Vitality

Reading

Kanji

精Spirit, Refine

Explanation

The Japanese noun '精 (せい)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'essence', referring to the intrinsic nature or indispensable quality of something. For example: the essence of life「生命の精」(せいめいのせい). The second meaning is 'vitality', referring to the state of being strong and active. For example: he has a lot of vitality「彼は精が溢れている」(かれはせいがあふれている). This word is often used in contexts related to energy, spirit, or the core nature of something. It can also appear in compounds, such as '精神 (せいしん)' meaning 'mind' or 'spirit'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4923

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Teacher

Reading

Kanji

教Teach 員Member

Explanation

The Japanese noun '教員 (きょういん)' refers to a teacher or educator, typically in a formal educational setting such as a school or university. It is a professional term used to describe someone who is employed to teach students. For example: The teacher is preparing for class「教員は授業の準備をしている」(きょういんはじゅぎょうのじゅんびをしている). Our school has many excellent teachers「私たちの学校には多くの優秀な教員がいます」(わたしたちのがっこうにはおおくのゆうしゅうなきょういんがいます). Note that '教員' is more formal than '先生 (せんせい)', which is a more general term for teacher or mentor.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4925

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

City

Reading

Kanji

都Metropolis 会Meet

Explanation

The Japanese noun '都会 (とかい)' refers to a 'city' or 'urban area'. It emphasizes the bustling, modern, and metropolitan aspects of a city, often contrasting with rural areas. This term is commonly used to describe the lifestyle, environment, or atmosphere of a city. For example: I prefer the city over the countryside「私は田舎より都会が好きです」(わたしはいなかよりとかいがすきです). The city is full of opportunities「都会にはチャンスがたくさんあります」(とかいにはチャンスがたくさんあります). Note that '都会' carries a nuance of sophistication and modernity, making it distinct from more general terms like '都市 (とし)' which simply means 'city' in a neutral sense.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4926

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wealth

Reading

Kanji

富Wealth, Rich

Explanation

The Japanese noun '富 (とみ)' refers to 'wealth' or 'riches'. It is used to describe an abundance of valuable possessions, money, or resources. This word can be used in both literal and figurative contexts, such as material wealth or the wealth of knowledge. For example: He accumulated great wealth「彼は大きな富を築いた」(かれはおおきなとみをきずいた). The wealth of this country is vast「この国の富は大きい」(このくにのとみはおおきい). Note that '富' can also be used in compound words, such as '富国 (ふこく)' meaning 'wealthy nation'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4927

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sturdy

Reading

Kanji

頑Stubborn 丈Stout, Length

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '頑丈 (がんじょう)' means 'sturdy' or 'robust'. It is used to describe something that is strongly built, durable, or tough, often referring to physical objects or structures. For example: This table is sturdy「このテーブルは頑丈だ」(このテーブルはがんじょうだ). The bridge is robust「その橋は頑丈だ」(そのはしはがんじょうだ). It can also be used metaphorically to describe someone's health or resolve, as in 'He has a sturdy constitution'「彼は頑丈な体を持っている」(かれはがんじょうなからだをもっている).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4931

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Collar

Reading

Kanji

襟Neck, Collar

Explanation

The Japanese noun '襟 (えり)' refers to the collar of a piece of clothing, such as a shirt, jacket, or coat. It is commonly used in fashion and everyday conversation to describe the part of clothing that fits around the neck. For example: This shirt has a stiff collar「このシャツは襟が硬い」(このシャツはえりがかたい). I like the design of this collar「この襟のデザインが好きです」(このえりのデザインがすきです). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that resembles a collar in shape or position, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4933

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Outline

Reading

Kanji

粗Coarse, Rough 筋Muscle, Tendon

Explanation

The Japanese noun '粗筋 (あらすじ)' refers to a summary or outline of a story, plot, or event. It is commonly used to describe the main points or general structure of a narrative, such as a book, movie, or play. For example: I read the outline of the novel「小説の粗筋を読んだ」(しょうせつのあらすじをよんだ). The outline of the movie was interesting「映画の粗筋は面白かった」(えいがのあらすじはおもしろかった). This word is often used in contexts where a brief overview or synopsis is needed, such as in reviews, summaries, or introductions to stories.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4934

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sea

Reading

Kanji

海Sea 上Up

Explanation

The Japanese noun '海上 (かいじょう)' refers to the surface of the sea or ocean. It is often used in contexts related to maritime activities, such as shipping, navigation, or events occurring on the water. For example: The ship is sailing on the sea「船は海上を航行している」(ふねはかいじょうをこうこうしている). There was an accident at sea「海上で事故があった」(かいじょうでじこがあった). This term is distinct from '海 (うみ)', which simply means 'sea' or 'ocean', as '海上' specifically emphasizes the surface or area above the water.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4935

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Surgery

Reading

Kanji

外Outside 科Section, Department

Explanation

The Japanese noun '外科 (げか)' refers to the medical field of surgery or the surgical department in a hospital. It is used to describe the branch of medicine that involves operative procedures to treat diseases, injuries, or deformities. For example: He works in the surgery department「彼は外科で働いています」(かれはげかではたらいています). I need to visit the surgery department「外科に行く必要があります」(げかにいくひつようがあります). This term is commonly used in medical contexts and is distinct from other medical fields like internal medicine (内科, ないか).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4936

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Craft, Manipulation

Reading

Kanji

工Construction 作Make

Explanation

The Japanese noun '工作 (こうさく)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'craft', referring to the act of making something by hand or the product of such activity. For example: The children made crafts at school「子供たちは学校で工作をした」(こどもたちはがっこうでこうさくをした). The second meaning is 'manipulation', often used in contexts involving political or social manipulation. For example: The government was accused of political manipulation「政府は政治工作を非難された」(せいふはせいじこうさくをひなんされた). The word can also be used in compound words like '工作員 (こうさくいん)' meaning 'agent' or 'operative', often in espionage contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4937

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Statement

Reading

Kanji

表Surface, Express 明Bright

Explanation

The Japanese noun '表明 (ひょうめい)' means 'statement' or 'declaration'. It refers to the act of clearly expressing one's thoughts, opinions, or intentions, often in a formal or public context. This word is commonly used in political, business, or official settings. For example: The president made a statement「大統領が表明した」(だいとうりょうがひょうめいした). The company issued a declaration of its new policy「会社が新しい方針を表明した」(かいしゃがあたらしいほうしんをひょうめいした). Note that '表明' is often used with verbs like 'する' (to do) or '出す' (to issue) to indicate the act of making a statement.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4939

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Improvement

Reading

Kanji

改Reform 善Good, Virtuous

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '改善 (かいぜん)' means 'improvement'. It refers to the act of making something better or enhancing its quality, often used in contexts like business, processes, or personal development. For example: We need to make improvements to the system「システムの改善が必要です」(システムのかいぜんがひつようです). The company is working on improving its services「会社はサービスの改善に取り組んでいます」(かいしゃはサービスのかいぜんにとりくんでいます). This word is commonly used in professional or formal settings to describe efforts to refine or optimize something.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4944

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Friendship

Reading

Kanji

親Parent 善Good, Virtuous

Explanation

The Japanese noun '親善 (しんぜん)' refers to 'friendship' or 'goodwill' between people, groups, or nations. It is often used in formal or diplomatic contexts to describe efforts to foster positive relationships and mutual understanding. For example: The event promoted international friendship「そのイベントは国際親善を促進した」(そのイベントはこくさいしんぜんをそくしんした). They exchanged gifts as a gesture of goodwill「彼らは親善の印として贈り物を交換した」(かれらはしんぜんのしるしとしておくりものをこうかんした). The term can also be used in phrases like '親善試合 (しんぜんしあい)', meaning a friendly match or exhibition game.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4945

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Crowd

Reading

Kanji

衆Multitude

Explanation

The Japanese noun '衆 (しゅう)' primarily means 'crowd' or 'multitude'. It refers to a large group of people gathered together. This term is often used in formal or literary contexts and can also imply a sense of collectivity or the masses. For example: The crowd cheered loudly「衆は大声で歓声を上げた」(しゅうはおおごえでかんせいをあげた). He addressed the assembled crowd「彼は集まった衆に話しかけた」(かれはあつまったしゅうにはなしかけた). Note that '衆' can sometimes be part of compound words, such as '大衆 (たいしゅう)', which means 'the general public' or 'the masses'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4947

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Chopsticks

Reading

Kanji

箸Chopsticks

Explanation

The Japanese noun '箸 (はし)' refers to 'chopsticks', which are utensils used for eating, particularly in East Asian cultures. Chopsticks are typically made of wood, bamboo, metal, or plastic and are used to pick up food. Example sentences: Please pass the chopsticks「箸を取ってください」(はしをとってください). These chopsticks are easy to use「この箸は使いやすいです」(このはしはつかいやすいです). In Japanese culture, proper handling of chopsticks is considered important, and there are specific etiquette rules associated with their use.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4948

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Navy

Reading

Kanji

紺Dark blue, Navy

Explanation

The Japanese noun '紺 (こん)' refers to the color 'navy', a deep, dark shade of blue. It is commonly used to describe clothing, fabrics, or other items that are navy-colored. For example: I bought a navy suit「紺のスーツを買いました」(こんのスーツをかいました). The color of the ocean is navy「海の色は紺です」(うみのいろはこんです). This word is often used in fashion and design contexts to specify colors.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4949

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Writing

Reading

Kanji

執Seize, Execute 筆Brush

Explanation

The Japanese noun '執筆 (しっぴつ)' refers to the act of writing, particularly in the context of composing or drafting written works such as articles, essays, or books. It is often used in formal or professional settings to describe the process of creating written content. For example: He is currently writing a novel「彼は現在、小説を執筆中です」(かれはげんざい、しょうせつをしっぴつちゅうです). The author spent years writing this book「その著者はこの本を執筆するのに何年も費やしました」(そのちょしゃはこのほんをしっぴつするのになんねんもついやしました).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4950

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Recession

Reading

Kanji

不Not 況Situation, Condition

Explanation

The Japanese noun '不況 (ふきょう)' means 'recession'. It refers to a period of temporary economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced. This term is often used in economic discussions or news reports. For example: The country is in a recession「その国は不況です」(そのくにはふきょうです). Many companies went bankrupt during the recession「不況の間に多くの会社が倒産しました」(ふきょうのあいだにおおくのかいしゃがとうさんしました). The word can also be used in compound terms like '不況対策 (ふきょうたいさく)', which means 'recession countermeasures'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4951

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dialect

Reading

Kanji

方Direction 言Say

Explanation

The Japanese noun '方言 (ほうげん)' refers to a regional or local dialect. It is used to describe the unique way of speaking that is specific to a particular area in Japan, which may differ in vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar from standard Japanese (標準語, ひょうじゅんご). For example: The Kansai dialect is interesting「関西弁は面白い」(かんさいべんはおもしろい). I can't understand the Tohoku dialect「東北弁が分からない」(とうほくべんがわからない). Dialects are an important part of cultural identity in Japan, and understanding them can provide deeper insight into regional differences and traditions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4952

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Autumn leaves

Reading

Kanji

紅Crimson 葉Leaf

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '紅葉 (こうよう)' refers to the phenomenon of leaves changing color in autumn, often specifically to the vibrant reds and yellows seen in Japanese maple trees. It is also used to describe the act of leaves changing color. This word is deeply tied to the appreciation of seasonal beauty in Japanese culture. Example sentences: The autumn leaves are beautiful「紅葉がきれいです」(こうようがきれいです). Let's go see the autumn leaves「紅葉を見に行きましょう」(こうようをみにいきましょう).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4954

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lipstick

Reading

Kanji

口Mouth 紅Crimson

Explanation

The Japanese noun '口紅 (くちべに)' refers to 'lipstick', a cosmetic product applied to the lips to add color or texture. It is commonly used in everyday conversations about makeup and beauty. Example sentences: She bought a new lipstick「彼女は新しい口紅を買った」(かのじょはあたらしいくちべにをかった). This lipstick color is beautiful「この口紅の色はきれい」(このくちべにのいろはきれい). The word is a combination of '口 (くち)', meaning 'mouth', and '紅 (べに)', meaning 'red' or 'crimson', reflecting its traditional association with red pigments.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4955

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Excavation

Reading

Kanji

出Exit 土Soil

Explanation

The Japanese noun '出土 (しゅつど)' refers to the act of unearthing or excavating artifacts, remains, or objects from the ground, often in an archaeological context. It is commonly used when discussing discoveries made during archaeological digs. For example: The excavation of ancient pottery was significant「古代の陶器の出土は重要だった」(こだいのとうきのしゅつどはじゅうようだった). Many artifacts were unearthed at the site「その場所で多くの遺物が出土した」(そのばしょでおおくのいぶつがしゅつどした). The term is specific to the context of archaeology and historical discoveries.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4956

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pickled plum

Reading

Kanji

梅Apricot, Plum 干Dry

Explanation

The Japanese noun '梅干 (うめぼし)' refers to pickled plums, a traditional Japanese food made by pickling ume fruits in salt and drying them. They are known for their sour and salty taste and are often eaten with rice or used as a flavoring in bento boxes. Example sentences: I like pickled plums「梅干が好きです」(うめぼしがすきです). Pickled plums are good for your health「梅干は健康に良いです」(うめぼしはけんこうにいいです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4959

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Irritation

Reading

Kanji

苛Bullying

Explanation

The Japanese noun '苛々 (いらいら)' refers to a state of irritation or frustration. It is often used to describe a feeling of being annoyed or impatient, typically due to minor inconveniences or delays. For example: I feel irritated because of the traffic「交通のせいで苛々している」(こうつうのせいでいらいらしている). She gets irritated easily「彼女はすぐに苛々する」(かのじょはすぐにいらいらする). This word is commonly used in everyday conversation to express mild frustration or annoyance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4960

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Commoners

Reading

Kanji

庶Commoner, Manifold 民People, Nation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '庶民 (しょみん)' refers to 'commoners' or 'ordinary people'. It is used to describe the general populace, as opposed to the elite or aristocracy. This term often carries a neutral or slightly humble connotation, emphasizing the everyday lives of regular people. For example: The life of commoners is simple「庶民の生活はシンプルだ」(しょみんのせいかつはシンプルだ). Commoners enjoy festivals too「庶民もお祭りを楽しむ」(しょみんもおまつりをたのしむ). The word is commonly used in historical contexts or when discussing social classes, but it can also appear in modern contexts to contrast ordinary people with those in positions of power or wealth.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4961

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cheap

Reading

Kanji

安Cheap, Relax

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '安 (あん)' is often used to indicate something is cheap or inexpensive. It is commonly attached to nouns to form compound words that describe affordability. For example: cheap hotel「安ホテル」(やすいホテル). This suffix is widely used in everyday language to refer to budget-friendly options. Another example: cheap food「安い食べ物」(やすいたべもの). Note that '安' can also stand alone as an adjective meaning 'cheap' or 'inexpensive' when used in its full form '安い (やすい)'.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4962

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Consideration

Reading

Kanji

考Think, Consider 慮Consider

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '考慮 (こうりょ)' means 'consideration'. It refers to the act of carefully thinking about something before making a decision or taking action. This word is often used in formal or professional contexts, such as business, law, or policy-making. For example: Please take this into consideration「これを考慮してください」(これをこうりょしてください). The committee gave careful consideration to the proposal「委員会はその提案を慎重に考慮した」(いいんかいはそのていあんをしんちょうにこうりょした). It can also be used in everyday situations when discussing thoughtful decision-making.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4964

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Diarrhea

Reading

Kanji

下Down 痢Diarrhea, Diarrhoea

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '下痢 (げり)' refers to 'diarrhea', a condition characterized by frequent, loose, or watery bowel movements. It is commonly used in medical or everyday contexts to describe this specific health issue. For example: I have diarrhea「下痢をしています」(げりをしています). He got diarrhea from bad food「彼は悪い食べ物で下痢になった」(かれはわるいたべものでげりになった). This term is straightforward and typically used in both formal and informal settings to describe the condition.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4965

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cliff

Reading

Kanji

崖Cliff

Explanation

The Japanese noun '崖 (がけ)' means 'cliff'. It refers to a steep, vertical or near-vertical rock face, often found near coastlines, mountains, or rivers. This word is commonly used in geographical contexts or to describe dangerous or dramatic landscapes. For example: Be careful near the cliff「崖の近くに気をつけて」(がけのちかくにきをつけて). The house is built on the edge of a cliff「その家は崖の端に建てられている」(そのいえはがけのはしにたてられている). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe a precarious situation, such as being on the edge of a metaphorical 'cliff'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4966

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Not at all

Reading

Kanji

一One 向Facing, Yonder

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '一向 (いっこう)' is used to emphasize that something is not happening or not being done at all, often in a negative context. It is commonly paired with negative verbs or expressions to convey a strong sense of 'not at all' or 'not in the least.' For example: He is not improving at all「彼は一向に良くならない」(かれはいっこうによくならない). The work is not progressing at all「仕事が一向に進まない」(しごとがいっこうにすすまない). This adverb is often used to express frustration or disappointment when something is not changing or improving despite expectations.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4967

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tatami room

Reading

Kanji

座Sit, Seat 敷Spread, Lay

Explanation

The Japanese noun '座敷 (ざしき)' refers to a traditional Japanese room with tatami flooring. This type of room is commonly found in Japanese homes, inns, and tea houses. It is often used for formal gatherings, tea ceremonies, or as a living space. The term can also imply a sense of formality or traditional Japanese aesthetics. Example sentences: The tatami room is spacious「座敷は広いです」(ざしきはひろいです). We had tea in the tatami room「座敷でお茶を飲みました」(ざしきでおちゃをのみました).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4968

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Samurai

Reading

Kanji

侍Attend to, Samurai

Explanation

The Japanese noun '侍 (さむらい)' refers to a 'samurai', a member of the warrior class in feudal Japan. Samurai were known for their strict code of honor, discipline, and martial skills. The term is often associated with loyalty, bravery, and the bushido (the way of the warrior). Example sentences: The samurai fought bravely「侍は勇敢に戦った」(さむらいはゆうかんにたたかった). He is a descendant of a samurai family「彼は侍の家系の子孫です」(かれはさむらいのかけいのしそんです). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe someone who embodies the qualities of a samurai, such as honor and discipline.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4969

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Trust

Reading

Kanji

信Trust 託Entrust, Consign

Explanation

The Japanese noun '信託 (しんたく)' refers to a 'trust' in the legal or financial sense. It is used to describe a fiduciary relationship where one party (the trustee) holds and manages assets on behalf of another party (the beneficiary). This term is commonly used in contexts involving estate planning, asset management, or legal agreements. For example: He established a trust for his children「彼は子供たちのために信託を設定した」(かれはこどもたちのためにしんたくをせっていした). The assets are managed under a trust「資産は信託のもとで管理されている」(しさんはしんたくのもとでかんりされている). Note that this term is specific to legal or financial contexts and does not refer to the general concept of trust or reliability.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4970

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Outside

Reading

Kanji

外Outside 側Side

Explanation

The Japanese noun '外側 (そとがわ)' refers to the 'outside' or 'outer side' of something. It is used to describe the external part or surface of an object, area, or structure. For example: the outside of the box is red「箱の外側は赤い」(はこのそとがわはあかい). Please clean the outside of the window「窓の外側を掃除してください」(まどのそとがわをそうじしてください). This word is often used in contrast to '内側 (うちがわ)', which means 'inside' or 'inner side'. It can also be used metaphorically to describe external appearances or superficial aspects.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4972

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Breakfast

Reading

Kanji

朝Morning 食Eat, Food

Explanation

The Japanese noun '朝食 (ちょうしょく)' means 'breakfast'. It refers to the first meal of the day, typically eaten in the morning. This word is more formal compared to the casual term '朝ごはん (あさごはん)'. It is commonly used in written language, formal settings, or when emphasizing the meal's importance. For example: I eat breakfast every morning「私は毎朝朝食を食べます」(わたしはまいあさちょうしょくをたべます). Breakfast is the most important meal of the day「朝食は一日で最も重要な食事です」(ちょうしょくはいちにちでもっともじゅうようなしょくじです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4973

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Crime

Reading

Kanji

犯Crime

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '犯 (はん)' means 'crime' and is used to denote someone who has committed a specific type of crime. It is often attached to nouns to form compound words that describe the perpetrator of a crime. For example: a thief is a '窃盗犯 (せっとうはん)'. A murderer is a '殺人犯 (さつじんはん)'. This suffix is commonly used in legal and news contexts to specify the nature of the crime committed. Example sentences: The police arrested the thief「警察は窃盗犯を逮捕した」(けいさつはせっとうはんをたいほした). The murderer was sentenced to life imprisonment「殺人犯は終身刑を宣告された」(さつじんはんはしゅうしんけいをせんこくされた).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4975

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Strait

Reading

Kanji

海Sea 峡Gorge, Ravine

Explanation

The Japanese noun '海峡 (かいきょう)' refers to a 'strait', which is a narrow passage of water connecting two larger bodies of water. This term is often used in geographical contexts to describe natural waterways. For example: The strait is very narrow「その海峡はとても狭い」(そのかいきょうはとてもせまい). Ships pass through the strait「船が海峡を通る」(ふねがかいきょうをとおる). The word is commonly used in discussions about geography, navigation, and marine environments.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4978

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Entertainment

Reading

Kanji

娯Enjoyment, Recreation 楽Music, Pleasure

Explanation

The Japanese noun '娯楽 (ごらく)' refers to 'entertainment' or 'amusement'. It is used to describe activities or forms of enjoyment that provide pleasure or relaxation. This word is often used in contexts related to leisure, such as movies, games, or recreational activities. For example: watching movies is a form of entertainment「映画を見ることは娯楽です」(えいがをみることはごらくです). This park is a place for entertainment「この公園は娯楽の場所です」(このこうえんはごらくのばしょです). The term can also be used in a broader sense to describe anything that brings joy or diversion from daily routines.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4980

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Inheritance

Reading

Kanji

遺Leave behind 産Give birth

Explanation

The Japanese noun '遺産 (いさん)' primarily refers to 'inheritance' or 'legacy'. It is commonly used in legal and personal contexts to denote property, money, or assets left behind by someone after their death. It can also refer to cultural or historical legacies. For example: he received a large inheritance「彼は大きな遺産を受け取った」(かれはおおきないさんをうけとった). This temple is a cultural heritage「この寺は文化遺産です」(このてらはぶんかいさんです). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe intangible legacies, such as knowledge or traditions passed down through generations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4982

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Moisture

Reading

Kanji

水Water 分Minute, Part

Explanation

The Japanese noun '水分 (すいぶん)' refers to 'moisture' or 'water content'. It is commonly used to describe the amount of water present in something, such as food, the air, or the human body. For example: This fruit has a lot of moisture「この果物は水分が多い」(このくだものはすいぶんがおおい). It's important to stay hydrated「水分を取ることが大切です」(すいぶんをとることがたいせつです). The word can also be used in scientific or technical contexts to discuss water content in materials or environments.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4983

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Typhoon

Reading

Kanji

台Pedestal, Machine 風Wind, Style

Explanation

The Japanese noun '台風 (たいふう)' refers to a 'typhoon', which is a tropical cyclone occurring in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. This term is specifically used in the context of weather and natural disasters. For example: The typhoon is approaching「台風が近づいている」(たいふうがちかづいている). We should prepare for the typhoon「台風に備えるべきだ」(たいふうにそなえるべきだ). It's important to note that '台風' is a common term in Japan due to the country's geographical location, which makes it prone to such weather phenomena.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4984

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lamp, Fluorescent

Reading

Kanji

蛍Firefly 光Light 灯Light, Lamp

Explanation

The Japanese noun '蛍光灯 (けいこうとう)' refers to a 'fluorescent lamp'. This term is commonly used to describe the type of lighting that uses fluorescence to produce visible light. It is often found in offices, schools, and homes due to its energy efficiency. For example: The fluorescent lamp is bright「蛍光灯が明るい」(けいこうとうがあかるい). I replaced the fluorescent lamp「蛍光灯を交換した」(けいこうとうをこうかんした). Note that while '蛍光灯' specifically refers to fluorescent lamps, it can sometimes be shortened to just '蛍光灯' in casual conversation, but the full term is more precise.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4988

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Conductor

Reading

Kanji

車Car 掌Palm, Manipulate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '車掌 (しゃしょう)' refers to a 'conductor', specifically a train conductor. This term is used to describe the person responsible for managing the operation of a train, ensuring passenger safety, and handling tickets. For example: The conductor announced the next station「車掌が次の駅を案内しました」(しゃしょうがつぎのえきをあんないしました). The conductor checked the tickets「車掌が切符を確認しました」(しゃしょうがきっぷをかくにんしました). This word is commonly used in the context of public transportation, particularly trains.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4989

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Scorn

Reading

Kanji

軽Lightly 蔑Neglect, Scorn

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '軽蔑 (けいべつ)' means 'scorn' or 'contempt'. It refers to a feeling of disdain or disrespect towards someone or something considered inferior or unworthy. This word is often used in formal or serious contexts to describe a strong negative attitude. For example: He looked at me with scorn「彼は軽蔑の目で私を見た」(かれはけいべつのめでわたしをみた). She felt contempt for his dishonesty「彼女は彼の不誠実さに軽蔑を感じた」(かのじょはかれのふせいじつさにけいべつをかんじた). The word can also be used in phrases like '軽蔑する (けいべつする)', which means 'to scorn' or 'to despise'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4990

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Village, Settlement

Reading

Kanji

集Gather 落Fall

Explanation

The Japanese noun '集落 (しゅうらく)' refers to a small community or group of houses, typically in a rural area. It can be translated as 'village' or 'settlement'. This term is often used to describe a small, clustered group of dwellings, often in a remote or less urbanized area. For example: The village is surrounded by mountains「その集落は山に囲まれている」(そのしゅうらくはやまにかこまれている). The settlement was established centuries ago「その集落は何世紀も前に作られた」(そのしゅうらくはなんせいきもまえにつくられた). Note that '集落' emphasizes the physical grouping of houses or buildings, rather than the administrative or cultural aspects of a community.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4991

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Clothes

Reading

Kanji

洋Ocean, Western style 服Obey, Clothing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '洋服 (ようふく)' refers to 'Western-style clothes' or simply 'clothes' in a general sense. This term is used to distinguish Western-style clothing from traditional Japanese attire like kimono or yukata. It is commonly used in everyday conversation when referring to clothing items such as shirts, pants, dresses, and suits. For example: I bought new clothes「新しい洋服を買いました」(あたらしいようふくをかいました). She is wearing beautiful clothes「彼女はきれいな洋服を着ています」(かのじょはきれいなようふくをきています). The term is widely understood and used in modern Japanese society, where Western-style clothing is the norm.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4993

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Performance

Reading

Kanji

演Perform 奏Play music

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '演奏 (えんそう)' refers to the act of performing music, typically on an instrument or as part of an ensemble. It is commonly used in contexts involving concerts, recitals, or any musical presentation. For example: The piano performance was beautiful「ピアノの演奏は美しかった」(ぴあののえんそうはうつくしかった). I will attend a violin performance tomorrow「明日、バイオリンの演奏を聴きに行きます」(あした、ばいおりんのえんそうをききにいきます). This word is often associated with formal or artistic settings and emphasizes the act of playing music rather than just listening to it.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4995

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cramped, Restrictive

Reading

Kanji

窮Hard up, Be in extremity 屈Crouch, Yield

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '窮屈 (きゅうくつ)' primarily conveys a sense of physical or emotional tightness, restriction, or discomfort. It can describe something physically cramped, such as a small space, or something emotionally or socially restrictive, like rigid rules or expectations. For example: These shoes feel tight「この靴は窮屈だ」(このくつはきゅうくつだ). The rules here are too restrictive「ここのルールは窮屈すぎる」(ここのルールはきゅうくつすぎる). The nuance of '窮屈' often implies a feeling of being constrained or unable to move freely, whether physically or metaphorically.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4997

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pearl

Reading

Kanji

真Truth 珠Ball, Pearl

Explanation

The Japanese noun '真珠 (しんじゅ)' refers to a 'pearl', which is a hard, rounded object formed within the shell of a pearl oyster or similar mollusk. Pearls are highly valued as gemstones and are often used in jewelry. The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something precious or rare. Example sentences: She wore a beautiful pearl necklace「彼女は美しい真珠のネックレスを身につけていた」(かのじょはうつくしいしんじゅのネックレスをみにつけていた). The pearl is a symbol of purity「真珠は純潔の象徴です」(しんじゅはじゅんけつのしょうちょうです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4998

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bullet

Reading

Kanji

弾Bullet, Projectile

Explanation

The Japanese noun '弾 (たま)' primarily means 'bullet'. It refers to the projectile fired from a gun. This word is commonly used in contexts related to firearms, shooting, or ammunition. For example: The bullet hit the target「弾が的に当たった」(たまがまとにあたった). He loaded the gun with bullets「彼は銃に弾を込めた」(かれはじゅうにたまをこめた). While '弾' can also mean 'ball' in some contexts (e.g., 玉/たま), this meaning is less common and typically written with a different kanji (玉). The focus here is on the 'bullet' meaning, as it is the primary and most distinct usage of '弾 (たま)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5000

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Noun

Reading

Kanji

名Name 詞Poetry, Words

Explanation

The Japanese noun '名詞 (めいし)' refers to a part of speech in grammar, specifically a 'noun'. Nouns are words that represent people, places, things, or ideas. In Japanese, nouns do not change form based on number or gender, unlike in some other languages. For example: This is a noun「これは名詞です」(これはめいしです). In Japanese, nouns are often used with particles like 'は' or 'が' to indicate the subject or topic of a sentence. For instance: The word 'cat' is a noun「'猫'は名詞です」('ねこ'はめいしです). Understanding nouns is fundamental to mastering Japanese grammar, as they form the backbone of most sentences.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5002

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vase

Reading

Kanji

花Flower 瓶Bottle, Jar

Explanation

The Japanese noun '花瓶 (かびん)' refers to a 'vase', which is a container typically used to hold flowers or decorative arrangements. It is commonly found in homes, gardens, and formal settings like tea ceremonies. For example: The vase is on the table「花瓶はテーブルの上にあります」(かびんはテーブルのうえにあります). She bought a beautiful vase「彼女は美しい花瓶を買いました」(かのじょはうつくしいかびんをかいました). The word is often used in contexts related to aesthetics, decoration, and traditional Japanese culture.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5005

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Beggar

Reading

Kanji

乞Beg 食Eat, Food

Explanation

The Japanese noun '乞食 (こじき)' refers to a 'beggar', someone who asks for money or food as charity. This term is often used in historical or literary contexts and can carry a somewhat archaic or harsh tone. It is important to note that this word is not commonly used in modern, polite conversation, as it may be considered derogatory. Example sentences: The beggar sat by the temple「乞食が寺のそばに座っていた」(こじきがてらのそばにすわっていた). He gave some money to the beggar「彼は乞食にお金をあげた」(かれはこじきにおかねをあげた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5006

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Early

Reading

Kanji

早Early, Fast 期Time, Period

Explanation

The Japanese noun '早期 (そうき)' means 'early' and is often used to refer to the early stages of something, such as a period, phase, or condition. It is commonly used in contexts like early detection, early treatment, or early stages of development. For example: early detection of cancer「がんの早期発見」(がんのそうきはっけん). Early treatment is important「早期治療が重要です」(そうきちりょうがじゅうようです). The word emphasizes the importance of acting or identifying something in its initial stages.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5008

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Practice

Reading

Kanji

稽Think, Consider 古Old

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '稽古 (けいこ)' primarily means 'practice' or 'training'. It is commonly used in contexts related to learning or perfecting a skill, such as martial arts, traditional arts, or performing arts. For example: I have kendo practice today「今日は剣道の稽古があります」(きょうはけんどうのけいこがあります). She is practicing the tea ceremony「彼女は茶道の稽古をしています」(かのじょはさどうのけいこをしています). The word often carries a nuance of disciplined, repetitive training aimed at mastery, and it is frequently used in traditional or artistic contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5010

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Kabuki

Reading

Kanji

歌Song 舞Dance 伎Deed

Explanation

The Japanese noun '歌舞伎 (かぶき)' refers to 'kabuki', a traditional form of Japanese theater known for its stylized drama, elaborate makeup, and costumes. Kabuki performances often depict historical events, moral conflicts, love stories, and other dramatic themes. It is one of Japan's most iconic cultural arts, dating back to the early 17th century. Example sentences: I watched kabuki yesterday「昨日、歌舞伎を見ました」(きのう、かぶきをみました). Kabuki is fascinating「歌舞伎は魅力的です」(かぶきはみりょくてきです). Kabuki actors are highly skilled「歌舞伎の役者は非常に熟練しています」(かぶきのやくしゃはひじょうにじゅくれんしています).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5011

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Toy

Reading

Kanji

玩Toy 具Tool

Explanation

The Japanese noun '玩具 (おもちゃ)' means 'toy'. This word refers to objects designed for children to play with, such as dolls, cars, or puzzles. It can also be used metaphorically to describe something treated as a trivial or unimportant matter. For example: The child is playing with a toy「子供が玩具で遊んでいる」(こどもがおもちゃであそんでいる). Don't treat me like a toy「私を玩具のように扱わないで」(わたしをおもちゃのようにあつかわないで). The word is commonly used in everyday conversation and is neutral in tone.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5012

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Afterlife

Reading

Kanji

死Death 後After, Behind

Explanation

The Japanese noun '死後 (しご)' refers to the state or period after death, commonly translated as 'afterlife'. It is used in contexts discussing life after death, spiritual beliefs, or philosophical discussions about existence beyond physical death. For example: He believed in the afterlife「彼は死後を信じていた」(かれはしごをしんじていた). The concept of the afterlife varies across cultures「死後の概念は文化によって異なる」(しごのがいねんはぶんかによってことなる). This term is often used in religious, spiritual, or philosophical contexts and carries a formal tone.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5013

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Characteristic

Reading

Kanji

特Special 性Gender, Sex

Explanation

The Japanese noun '特性 (とくせい)' means 'characteristic' or 'property'. It refers to a distinctive feature or quality that defines something or someone. This word is often used in scientific, technical, or descriptive contexts to highlight specific attributes. For example: the characteristics of this material are unique「この材料の特性はユニークです」(このざいりょうのとくせいはユニークです). Each animal has its own characteristics「それぞれの動物には独自の特性がある」(それぞれのどうぶつにはどくじのとくせいがある). The word can also be used in abstract contexts, such as describing personality traits or inherent qualities.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5014

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Collapse, Failure

Reading

Kanji

破Break, Tear 綻Come apart at the seams

Explanation

The Japanese noun '破綻 (はたん)' refers to a collapse or failure, often in the context of systems, plans, or relationships. It implies a breakdown or disintegration of something that was previously functioning. For example: the plan ended in failure「その計画は破綻した」(そのけいかくははたんした). Their marriage fell apart「彼らの結婚は破綻した」(かれらのけっこんははたんした). This word is commonly used in formal or serious contexts to describe significant failures or collapses.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5015

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Education

Reading

Kanji

文Sentence 部Section, Department

Explanation

The Japanese noun '文部 (もんぶ)' refers to matters related to education, culture, or academic affairs. Historically, it was associated with government ministries or departments overseeing education and culture. For example: the Ministry of Education「文部省」(もんぶしょう). The term is often used in formal or historical contexts. Note that '文部' is not commonly used in everyday conversation but may appear in official or academic settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5016

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Harmony

Reading

Kanji

和Peace

Explanation

The Japanese noun '和 (わ)' primarily means 'harmony'. It refers to a state of peaceful coexistence, balance, or agreement, often used in contexts involving relationships, society, or art. For example: harmony between people「人々の和」(ひとびとのわ). This word is deeply rooted in Japanese culture, emphasizing the importance of unity and cooperation. It can also refer to traditional Japanese style, as in '和風 (わふう)', meaning 'Japanese style'. Another example: the harmony of nature「自然の和」(しぜんのわ). Note that while '和' can sometimes refer to 'Japan' or 'Japanese', this usage is more abstract and context-dependent, often tied to cultural or historical references.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5017

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Authorities

Reading

Kanji

当Hit, Appropriate 局Bureau

Explanation

The Japanese noun '当局 (とうきょく)' refers to 'authorities' or 'the relevant authorities'. It is commonly used to describe government bodies, administrative organizations, or officials in charge of a specific matter. This term is often used in formal or official contexts. For example: The authorities are investigating the incident「当局はその事件を調査中です」(とうきょくはそのじけんをちょうさちゅうです). The local authorities issued a warning「地元当局は警告を発しました」(じもととうきょくはけいこくをはっしました). The word is neutral in tone and does not carry any inherent positive or negative connotations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5023

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Neglect

Reading

Kanji

御Honorable, General honorific term 無Nothing 沙Sand 汰Select

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '御無沙汰 (ごぶさた)' refers to the act of neglecting to contact someone or not being in touch for a long time. It is often used in polite expressions to apologize for not having been in contact. For example: I'm sorry for not being in touch「ご無沙汰しております」(ごぶさたしております). It's been a long time since we last met「久しぶりに会いましたね」(ひさしぶりにあいましたね). This term is commonly used in formal or semi-formal contexts to express regret for not maintaining communication.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5030

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Nationality

Reading

Kanji

国Country 籍Enroll, Register

Explanation

The Japanese noun '国籍 (こくせき)' refers to the legal status of belonging to a particular nation or country. It is commonly used in contexts related to citizenship, legal documents, or discussions about one's country of origin. For example: What is your nationality?「あなたの国籍は何ですか？」(あなたのこくせきはなんですか？). He has dual nationality「彼は二重国籍を持っています」(かれはにじゅうこくせきをもっています). The word is neutral and can be used in both formal and informal settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5031

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Border

Reading

Kanji

国Country 境Boundary, Border

Explanation

The Japanese noun '国境 (こっきょう)' refers to the boundary or border between two countries. It is commonly used in contexts related to geography, politics, or travel. For example: The border between Japan and Russia is heavily guarded「日本とロシアの国境は厳重に警備されている」(にほんとロシアのこっきょうはげんじゅうにけいびされている). They crossed the border at night「彼らは夜に国境を越えた」(かれらはよるにこっきょうをこえた). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe boundaries or limits in non-physical contexts, such as cultural or ideological borders.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5032

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Evolution

Reading

Kanji

進Advance 化Change

Explanation

The Japanese noun '進化 (しんか)' means 'evolution'. It refers to the process of gradual development or change, often used in biological contexts to describe the development of species over time. However, it can also be applied to non-biological contexts, such as technological or societal progress. For example: the evolution of technology「技術の進化」(ぎじゅつのしんか). The evolution of species「種の進化」(しゅのしんか). This word is commonly used in scientific discussions, but it can also appear in everyday conversations to describe progress or improvement.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5033

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Violation, Infringement

Reading

Kanji

侵Invade 害Harm

Explanation

The Japanese noun '侵害 (しんがい)' refers to the act of infringing or violating something, such as rights, laws, or boundaries. It is often used in legal or formal contexts to describe unauthorized actions that breach established rules or entitlements. For example: copyright infringement「著作権の侵害」(ちょさくけんのしんがい). Violation of privacy「プライバシーの侵害」(ぷらいばしーのしんがい). This term carries a strong connotation of wrongdoing and is typically used in serious or professional discussions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5034

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Valve, Speech

Reading

Kanji

弁Valve, Dialect

Explanation

The Japanese noun '弁 (べん)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'valve', referring to a device that regulates the flow of a fluid, such as in machinery or anatomy. For example: The valve is broken「弁が壊れている」(べんがこわれている). The second meaning is 'speech' or 'argument', often used in formal or legal contexts. For example: He gave a passionate speech「彼は熱弁をふるった」(かれはねつべんをふるった). It's important to note that the context in which '弁' is used will determine its meaning, as these two definitions are unrelated.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5035

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Favorable

Reading

Kanji

好Like, Fond

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '好 (こう)' is used to indicate something that is favorable, liked, or preferred. It is often attached to nouns to form compound words that express a positive inclination or preference towards something. For example: '好評 (こうひょう)' means 'favorable reputation' or 'popularity', and '好意 (こうい)' means 'goodwill' or 'kindness'. Example sentences: The new product received favorable reviews「新製品は好評だった」(しんせいひんはこうひょうだった). He showed goodwill towards his colleagues「彼は同僚に好意を示した」(かれはどうりょうにこういをしめした).

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5036

Composition

kanji

Handwriting