言Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Composition

word

Meaning

Vague

Reading

Kanji

昧Dark, Foolish 曖Dark, Not clear

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '曖昧 (あいまい)' means 'vague' or 'ambiguous'. It is used to describe something that is unclear, not well-defined, or open to interpretation. This word can be applied to statements, ideas, situations, or even feelings. For example: His explanation was vague「彼の説明は曖昧だった」(かれのせつめいはあいまいだった). The meaning of this sentence is ambiguous「この文の意味は曖昧だ」(このぶんのいみはあいまいだ). '曖昧' often carries a slightly negative connotation, implying a lack of clarity or precision. It is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5038

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cowardly

Reading

Kanji

臆Cowardice 病Illness

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '臆病 (おくびょう)' means 'cowardly'. It is used to describe someone who lacks courage or is easily frightened. This term often carries a negative connotation, implying timidity or fearfulness in situations where bravery is expected. For example: he is too cowardly to face the challenge「彼は臆病でその挑戦に立ち向かえない」(かれはおくびょうでそのちょうせんにたちむかえない). Don't be so cowardly!「そんなに臆病にならないで！」(そんなにおくびょうにならないで！). The word can also describe a cautious or overly timid approach to something, such as 'a cowardly attitude' (臆病な態度, おくびょうなたいど).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5039

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wheelchair

Reading

Kanji

車Car 子Child 椅Chair

Explanation

The Japanese noun '車椅子 (くるまいす)' refers to a 'wheelchair', a chair with wheels used by people who have difficulty walking or cannot walk. This term is commonly used in medical, caregiving, and everyday contexts. For example: He uses a wheelchair「彼は車椅子を使っています」(かれはくるまいすをつかっています). The hospital provides wheelchairs「病院は車椅子を提供しています」(びょういんはくるまいすをていきょうしています). The word is a combination of '車 (くるま)' meaning 'vehicle' or 'wheel' and '椅子 (いす)' meaning 'chair', emphasizing its function as a mobility aid.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5040

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

General, Boss

Reading

Kanji

大Big 将Leader, Commander

Explanation

The Japanese noun '大将 (たいしょう)' has two primary meanings. First, it refers to a 'general' in a military context, denoting a high-ranking officer. Second, it is used colloquially to mean 'boss' or 'leader' in a group or team, often in a friendly or informal way. For example: The general led the army「大将が軍隊を率いた」(たいしょうがぐんたいをひきいた). He's the boss of our team「彼は私たちのチームの大将だ」(かれはわたしたちのチームのたいしょうだ). The term can also carry a sense of respect or endearment when used informally.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5041

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lung

Reading

Kanji

肺Lung

Explanation

The Japanese noun '肺 (はい)' refers to the organ known as the 'lung'. It is used in medical, biological, and everyday contexts to describe the respiratory organ in humans and animals. For example: His lungs are healthy「彼の肺は健康です」(かれのはいはけんこうです). Smoking damages the lungs「喫煙は肺を傷つける」(きつえんははいをきずつける). The word is also used in compound terms like '肺炎 (はいえん)' (pneumonia) or '肺がん (はいがん)' (lung cancer).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5042

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Disclosure

Reading

Kanji

開Open 示Show, Indicate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '開示 (かいじ)' means 'disclosure'. It refers to the act of making information, facts, or data known to others, often in a formal or legal context. This term is commonly used in legal, corporate, or administrative settings where transparency is required. For example: The company made a public disclosure of its financial records「会社は財務記録を開示しました」(かいしゃはざいむきろくをかいじしました). The court ordered the disclosure of evidence「裁判所は証拠の開示を命じた」(さいばんしょはしょうこのかいじをめいじた). Note that '開示' is often used in contexts involving legal obligations or ethical transparency.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5048

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lodging

Reading

Kanji

宿Lodging 泊Overnight, Stay overnight

Explanation

The Japanese noun '宿泊 (しゅくはく)' refers to the act of staying overnight or lodging at a place, typically used in contexts like hotels, inns, or other accommodations. It is commonly used in formal or travel-related situations. For example: I will stay at a hotel「ホテルに宿泊します」(ホテルにしゅくはくします). The lodging fee is included「宿泊料金は含まれています」(しゅくはくりょうきんはふくまれています). This term is often seen in phrases like '宿泊施設 (しゅくはくしせつ)' (lodging facilities) or '宿泊予約 (しゅくはくよやく)' (lodging reservation).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5049

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shallow, Superficial

Reading

Kanji

見See 浅Shallow

Explanation

The Japanese noun '浅見 (せんけん)' refers to a superficial or shallow view, opinion, or understanding of something. It is often used to describe a lack of depth in thought or analysis. For example: His opinion is superficial「彼の意見は浅見だ」(かれのいけんはせんけんだ). Don't make shallow judgments「浅見をしないでください」(せんけんをしないでください). The word can also be used to describe someone who has a narrow or limited perspective, as in '浅見な人 (せんけんなひと) (a person with a shallow view).'

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5050

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tragedy

Reading

Kanji

劇Drama 悲Sad

Explanation

The Japanese noun '悲劇 (ひげき)' means 'tragedy'. It refers to a serious and sorrowful event or situation, often involving suffering or misfortune. This word is commonly used in literature, drama, and everyday conversation to describe events that evoke deep sadness or despair. For example: The play was a tragedy「その劇は悲劇だった」(そのげきはひげきだった). The accident was a tragedy「その事故は悲劇だった」(そのじこはひげきだった). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe situations that are deeply unfortunate or regrettable.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5051

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

If

Reading

Kanji

万Ten thousand 一One

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '万一 (まんいち)' means 'if' in the sense of 'in the unlikely event that' or 'just in case'. It is used to express a hypothetical or unlikely situation. This word is often used in formal or cautious contexts. For example: If something happens, please call me「万一何かあったら、電話してください」(まんいちなにかあったら、でんわしてください). In case of rain, the event will be canceled「万一雨が降ったら、イベントは中止です」(まんいちあめがふったら、イベントはちゅうしです). The word carries a nuance of preparing for an unlikely scenario, and it is often paired with conditional forms like '～たら' or '～ば'.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5054

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Datetime

Reading

Kanji

時Time, Hour 日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '日時 (にちじ)' refers to a specific point in time, combining both the date and the time. It is commonly used in formal or official contexts, such as scheduling appointments, events, or meetings. For example: Please tell me the datetime of the meeting「会議の日時を教えてください」(かいぎのにちじをおしえてください). The datetime of the event is set for next Monday「イベントの日時は来週の月曜日に決まりました」(イベントのにちじはらいしゅうのげつようびにきまりました). This word is often used in written or formal communication rather than casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5056

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Days

Reading

Kanji

日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '日日 (ひにち)' refers to 'days' or 'a period of time'. It is often used to describe a span of days or the passage of time. For example: I will wait for a few days「日日待ちます」(ひにちまちます). The days passed quickly「日日が早く過ぎた」(ひにちがはやくすぎた). This word can also be used in a more abstract sense to refer to the flow of time or the progression of events over days.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5057

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Piece

Reading

Kanji

片Fragment, One sided

Explanation

The Japanese noun '片 (かた)' means 'piece' or 'fragment'. It is often used to refer to a part or portion of something that has been broken or divided. This word can also imply something incomplete or one-sided. For example: a piece of paper「紙の片」(かみのかた). He only heard one side of the story「彼は話の片方だけ聞いた」(かれははなしのかたほうだけきいた). The word can also be used in compounds, such as '片手 (かたて)' meaning 'one hand' or '片道 (かたみち)' meaning 'one way'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5058

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Model, Type

Reading

Kanji

種Kind, Variety 機Machine, Opportunity

Explanation

The Japanese noun '機種 (きしゅ)' refers to the model or type of a device, machine, or equipment. It is commonly used in contexts related to electronics, appliances, or machinery to specify a particular version or variant. For example: This smartphone model is popular「このスマートフォンの機種は人気です」(このスマートフォンのきしゅはにんきです). The new type of printer is more efficient「新しいプリンターの機種はより効率的です」(あたらしいプリンターのきしゅはよりこうりつてきです). The word is often used in technical or commercial settings to differentiate between different versions of products.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5059

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Crescent

Reading

Kanji

三Three 月Moon, Month 日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '三日月 (みかづき)' refers to a 'crescent moon'. It is commonly used to describe the shape of the moon when it is in its early phase, appearing as a thin, curved sliver. This word is often used in poetic or descriptive contexts to evoke imagery of the night sky. For example: The crescent moon is beautiful tonight「今夜の三日月は美しい」(こんやのみかづきはうつくしい). She drew a crescent moon on the paper「彼女は紙に三日月を描いた」(かのじょはかみにみかづきをかいた). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something shaped like a crescent, such as a crescent-shaped pastry or object.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5062

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Years

Reading

Kanji

月Moon, Month 年Year

Explanation

The Japanese noun '年月 (としつき)' refers to the passage of time, specifically in terms of years and months. It is often used to describe a long period of time or the duration of an event. For example: many years have passed「長い年月が経った」(ながいとしつきがたった). It took years of effort「年月をかけた努力」(としつきをかけたどりょく). The word can also imply the accumulation of experience or history over time, as in 'the years of tradition'「伝統の年月」(でんとうのとしつき).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5064

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Few, Some

Reading

Kanji

干Dry 若Young

Explanation

The Japanese noun '若干 (じゃっかん)' means 'some' or 'a few'. It is used to indicate a small or indefinite quantity of something. This word is often used in formal or written contexts to describe a modest amount or degree. For example: There are some problems「若干の問題がある」(じゃっかんのもんだいがある). A few people attended the meeting「若干の人が会議に出席した」(じゃっかんのひとがかいぎにしゅっせきした). Note that '若干' is more formal than alternatives like '少し (すこし)' or 'いくつか', and it is commonly used in reports, documents, or speeches.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5066

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Date

Reading

Kanji

月Moon, Month 日Day, Sun 年Year

Explanation

The Japanese noun '年月日 (ねんがっぴ)' refers to a specific date, typically written in the format of year, month, and day. It is often used in formal or official contexts, such as on documents, forms, or when specifying a particular day in history. For example: Please write the date here「ここに年月日を書いてください」(ここにねんがっぴをかいてください). The date of the event is October 10, 2023「イベントの年月日は2023年10月10日です」(イベントのねんがっぴは2023ねん10がつ10かです). Note that '年月日' is a more formal way to refer to a date compared to '日付 (ひづけ)', which is also commonly used.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5067

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Yearly

Reading

Kanji

年Year

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '年々 (ねんねん)' means 'yearly' or 'year by year'. It is used to describe something that happens or changes gradually over the years. This word emphasizes a steady progression or trend over time. For example: the population is increasing yearly「人口は年々増えている」(じんこうはねんねんふえている). The cost of living is rising yearly「生活費は年々上がっている」(せいかつひはねんねんあがっている). Note that '年々' is often used in contexts where a gradual change or trend is observed over a period of years.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5068

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Norm

Reading

Kanji

範Model, Pattern 規Standard, Regulation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '規範 (きはん)' refers to a standard, norm, or model that serves as a guideline for behavior, thought, or judgment. It is often used in contexts related to social, ethical, or professional standards. For example: Society has its own norms「社会にはその規範がある」(しゃかいにはそのきはんがある). We must follow the norms of the workplace「職場の規範に従わなければならない」(しょくばのきはんにしたがわなければならない). The word can also imply a sense of authority or a benchmark that is widely accepted within a community or group.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5069

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Liver

Reading

Kanji

肝Liver

Explanation

The Japanese noun '肝 (きも)' primarily refers to the 'liver' as an organ in the body. However, it is also used metaphorically to describe courage, spirit, or the essence of something. For example: eating liver is healthy「肝を食べるのは健康にいい」(きもをたべるのはけんこうにいい). He has a lot of courage「彼は肝が据わっている」(かれはきもがすわっている). The word can also appear in idiomatic expressions, such as '肝に銘じる (きもにめいじる)', which means 'to take something to heart' or 'to remember something firmly.'

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5070

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Currency

Reading

Kanji

貨Goods, Freight 通Commute, Pass

Explanation

The Japanese noun '通貨 (つうか)' refers to 'currency', which is the system of money used in a particular country or region. This term is commonly used in financial, economic, and everyday contexts when discussing money, exchange rates, or monetary systems. For example: The Japanese currency is the yen「日本の通貨は円です」(にほんのつうかはえんです). I exchanged foreign currency at the bank「私は銀行で外貨を交換しました」(わたしはぎんこうでがいかをこうかんしました). The word can also appear in compound terms like '外貨通貨 (がいかつうか)' (foreign currency) or '仮想通貨 (かそうつうか)' (virtual currency).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5071

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Control

Reading

Kanji

制System, Control 統Unite

Explanation

The Japanese noun '統制 (とうせい)' means 'control' and refers to the act of regulating, managing, or governing something. It is often used in contexts involving authority, organization, or systems. For example: The government imposed strict control「政府は厳しい統制を課した」(せいふはきびしいとうせいをかした). The company maintains control over its operations「会社は業務の統制を維持している」(かいしゃはぎょうむのとうせいをいじしている). This word is commonly used in formal or administrative settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5072

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Perfection

Reading

Kanji

璧Ball, Sphere 完Complete

Explanation

The Japanese noun '完璧 (かんぺき)' means 'perfection'. It is used to describe something that is flawless, complete, or without any defects. This word is often used to emphasize the high quality or ideal state of something. For example: Her performance was perfect「彼女のパフォーマンスは完璧だった」(かのじょのパフォーマンスはかんぺきだった). This plan is flawless「このプランは完璧だ」(このプランはかんぺきだ). The word can also be used sarcastically or ironically to imply that something is too perfect or unrealistic. It is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5081

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cafeteria

Reading

Kanji

食Eat, Food 堂Hall

Explanation

The Japanese noun '食堂 (しょくどう)' refers to a 'cafeteria' or 'dining hall'. It is commonly used to describe a place where meals are served, often in schools, workplaces, or public facilities. The word can also refer to a casual restaurant or eatery. For example: Let's eat at the cafeteria「食堂で食べましょう」(しょくどうでたべましょう). The school cafeteria is crowded「学校の食堂は混んでいる」(がっこうのしょくどうはこんでいる). Note that '食堂' is often used in institutional settings, but it can also describe small, family-run restaurants.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5082

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Universality

Reading

Kanji

遍All over, Everywhere 普Universal, Widespread

Explanation

The Japanese noun '普遍 (ふへん)' refers to the concept of 'universality', meaning something that is applicable or common to all cases, situations, or people. It is often used in philosophical, scientific, or abstract contexts to describe principles, truths, or phenomena that are not limited by specific conditions. For example: The universality of human rights is widely recognized「人権の普遍性は広く認められている」(じんけんのふへんせいはひろくみとめられている). This theory has universality「この理論は普遍性を持っている」(このりろんはふへんせいをもっている). The word is typically used in formal or academic discussions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5083

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

At most

Reading

Kanji

精Spirit, Refine

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '精々 (せいぜい)' means 'at most' or 'at best'. It is used to indicate the maximum limit or extent of something, often implying that the result or outcome is not particularly impressive or satisfactory. For example: I can only do this much at most「精々これくらいしかできない」(せいぜいこれくらいしかできない). At best, we can expect ten people to attend「精々10人くらいは来るだろう」(せいぜいじゅうにんくらいはくるだろう). This adverb is commonly used in situations where there is a limitation or constraint, and it often carries a tone of resignation or modest expectation.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5089

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Era, Age (counter)

Reading

Kanji

代Substitute, Era 年Year

Explanation

The Japanese noun '年代 (ねんだい)' refers to a specific period or era, often used in historical or chronological contexts. It can denote a decade, a century, or a broader historical period. For example: the Showa era「昭和年代」(しょうわねんだい). This artifact is from the Edo period「この遺物は江戸年代のものです」(このいぶつはえどねんだいのものです). It can also refer to someone's age group, as in: people of the same age「同じ年代の人々」(おなじねんだいのひとびと). The word is versatile and context-dependent, so pay attention to how it is used in sentences.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5091

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Souvenir

Reading

Kanji

土Soil 産Give birth

Explanation

The Japanese noun '土産 (みやげ)' refers to a 'souvenir' or a gift brought back from a trip or visit to a place. It is commonly used to describe items purchased or received as a memento of a journey or as a gift for someone else. For example: I bought a souvenir from Kyoto「京都で土産を買いました」(きょうとでみやげをかいました). She gave me a souvenir from her trip「彼女は旅行の土産をくれました」(かのじょはりょこうのみやげをくれました). The word can also imply a sense of thoughtfulness, as it is often given to friends, family, or colleagues upon returning from a trip.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5092

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Arrow

Reading

Kanji

矢Arrow

Explanation

The Japanese noun '矢 (や)' means 'arrow'. This word refers to the projectile weapon used in archery, typically consisting of a straight, thin shaft with a sharp point at one end and feathers at the other for stabilization. It is commonly used in contexts related to archery, hunting, or historical battles. For example: He shot an arrow「彼は矢を放った」(かれはやをはなった). The arrow hit the target「矢は的に当たった」(やはまとにあたった). In Japanese culture, arrows also hold symbolic meanings, often associated with protection or warding off evil spirits, as seen in traditional rituals or decorations like '破魔矢 (はまや)' (ritual arrow).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5093

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Thousands

Reading

Kanji

千Thousand 何What

Explanation

The Japanese noun '何千 (なんぜん)' means 'thousands'. It is used to refer to an unspecified large number of things, typically in the thousands. This word is often used in contexts where the exact number is unknown or unimportant, emphasizing the magnitude or quantity. For example: thousands of people gathered「何千もの人が集まった」(なんぜんものひとがあつまった). There are thousands of stars in the sky「空には何千もの星がある」(そらにはなんぜんものほしがある). The word can also be used metaphorically to express a large, indefinite quantity, such as 'thousands of thoughts' or 'thousands of possibilities'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5094

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hundreds

Reading

Kanji

百Hundred 何What

Explanation

The Japanese noun '何百 (なんびゃく)' means 'hundreds'. It is used to indicate an unspecified large number in the hundreds. This word is often used in contexts where the exact number is not important, but the general scale is. For example: there are hundreds of stars in the sky「空には何百もの星がある」(そらにはなんびゃくものほしがある). Hundreds of people attended the event「何百人もの人がイベントに参加した」(なんびゃくにんものひとがイベントにさんかした). The word '何百' can also be used in combination with other counters, such as '何百人 (なんびゃくにん)' for 'hundreds of people' or '何百個 (なんびゃっこ)' for 'hundreds of items'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5095

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Arrival

Reading

Kanji

来Come 日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '来日 (らいにち)' refers to the act of arriving in Japan, typically used for foreigners coming to Japan. It is often used in formal or official contexts, such as news reports or announcements. For example: The president's arrival in Japan is scheduled for next week「大統領の来日は来週に予定されています」(だいとうりょうのらいにちはらいしゅうによていされています). Many tourists come to Japan every year「毎年多くの観光客が来日します」(まいとしおおくのかんこうきゃくがらいにちします). Note that '来日' is specifically about arriving in Japan, not just any arrival.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5097

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shelf

Reading

Kanji

棚Shelf

Explanation

The Japanese noun '棚 (たな)' refers to a 'shelf', typically used for storing or displaying items. It is commonly found in homes, stores, and other spaces where organization is needed. For example: Please put the book on the shelf「本を棚に置いてください」(ほんをたなおいてください). The shelf is full of dishes「棚にはお皿がいっぱいです」(たなにはおさらがいっぱいです). This word can also be used metaphorically to describe something being set aside or postponed, as in '棚上げ (たなあげ)', which means 'to shelve' or 'to postpone'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5098

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Adopted child

Reading

Kanji

養Foster 子Child

Explanation

The Japanese noun '養子 (ようし)' means 'adopted child'. It refers to a child who is legally adopted into a family, becoming part of that family through legal processes. This word is often used in contexts related to family law, inheritance, or social discussions about adoption. Example: They adopted a child 「彼らは養子をもらった」 (かれらはようしをもらった). The adopted child inherited the property 「養子が財産を相続した」 (ようしがざいさんをそうぞくした). Note that '養子' can refer to either an adopted son or daughter, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5099

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reason

Reading

Kanji

理Reason

Explanation

The Japanese noun '理 (り)' primarily means 'reason' or 'logic'. It refers to the underlying principle, rationale, or order behind something. This word is often used in philosophical, scientific, or abstract contexts to describe the natural order or the reasoning behind phenomena. For example: the reason behind the phenomenon「現象の理」(げんしょうのり). He explained the logic of the theory「彼は理論の理を説明した」(かれはりろんのりをせつめいした). '理' can also appear in compound words, such as '道理 (どうり)' (reason, justice) or '物理 (ぶつり)' (physics). It carries a formal tone and is commonly used in written or academic contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5100

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Large amount of money

Reading

Kanji

大Big 金Gold

Explanation

The Japanese noun '大金 (たいきん)' refers to a 'large amount of money'. This word is often used to describe a significant sum of money, either in the context of wealth, expenses, or financial transactions. It carries a nuance of something substantial or noteworthy in terms of monetary value. For example: He inherited a large amount of money「彼は大金を相続した」(かれはたいきんをそうぞくした). Spending a large amount of money on a car「車に大金を使う」(くるまにたいきんをつかう). The word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to emphasize the scale of the financial amount being discussed.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5102

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Big

Reading

Kanji

大Big

Explanation

The Japanese noun '大 (だい)' means 'big' or 'large'. It is often used as a prefix to indicate something is large in scale, size, or importance. For example: big earthquake「大地震」(だいじしん). big sale「大売り出し」(だいうりだし). It can also be used in compound words to emphasize magnitude or significance. For instance: big success「大成功」(だいせいこう). Note that '大 (だい)' is a Sino-Japanese reading and is commonly used in formal or compound contexts, while '大きい (おおきい)' is the native Japanese adjective for 'big'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5103

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Daytime, Japan China

Reading

Kanji

中Center 日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '日中 (にっちゅう)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning refers to 'daytime', the period between sunrise and sunset. For example: I work during the daytime「私は日中働きます」(わたしはにっちゅうはたらきます). The second meaning refers to the relationship or interaction between Japan and China. For example: Japan-China relations are improving「日中関係は改善しています」(にっちゅうかんけいはかいぜんしています). It's important to note that the context in which this word is used will determine which meaning is intended.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5104

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dismantling

Reading

Kanji

解Solve, Untie 体Body

Explanation

The Japanese noun '解体 (かいたい)' refers to the act of dismantling or taking something apart, often used in the context of buildings, machinery, or systems. It can also imply deconstruction or breaking down in a more abstract sense. For example: The old building is being dismantled「古い建物が解体されている」(ふるいたてものがかいたいされている). The company is dismantling its outdated system「会社は古いシステムを解体している」(かいしゃはふるいシステムをかいたいしている). This term is commonly used in construction, engineering, and organizational contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5105

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Blood vessel

Reading

Kanji

管Pipe 血Blood

Explanation

The Japanese noun '血管 (けっかん)' refers to a 'blood vessel', which is a tubular structure that carries blood throughout the body. This term is commonly used in medical or biological contexts. For example: The blood vessel is narrow「血管が狭い」(けっかんがせまい). Blood vessels are essential for circulation「血管は循環に不可欠です」(けっかんはじゅんかんにふかけつです). The word can also appear in compound terms like '毛細血管 (もうさいけっかん)' (capillary), which refers to the smallest blood vessels in the body.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5106

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Execution

Reading

Kanji

行Go 遂Consummate, Accomplish

Explanation

The Japanese noun '遂行 (すいこう)' refers to the act of carrying out, accomplishing, or executing a task, plan, or duty. It is often used in formal or professional contexts to describe the successful completion of responsibilities or objectives. For example: The execution of the plan was flawless「計画の遂行は完璧だった」(けいかくのすいこうはかんぺきだった). He is responsible for the execution of the project「彼はプロジェクトの遂行を担当している」(かれはプロジェクトのすいこうをたんとうしている). This term emphasizes the process and completion of an action, often implying diligence and thoroughness.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5107

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Payment

Reading

Kanji

金Gold 代Substitute, Era

Explanation

The Japanese noun '代金 (だいきん)' refers to the payment or price for goods or services. It is commonly used in contexts involving transactions, such as purchasing items or paying for services. For example: Please pay the amount「代金を払ってください」(だいきんをはらってください). The payment for the meal is 5000 yen「食事の代金は5000円です」(しょくじのだいきんはごせんえんです). This word is often used in formal or business settings, and it emphasizes the monetary aspect of a transaction.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5108

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Middle age

Reading

Kanji

中Center 年Year

Explanation

The Japanese noun '中年 (ちゅうねん)' refers to 'middle age', typically describing people in their 40s to 50s. It is often used to discuss life stages, societal roles, or physical changes associated with this period of life. For example: He is in middle age「彼は中年です」(かれはちゅうねんです). Middle age is a busy time of life「中年は忙しい時期です」(ちゅうねんはいそがしいじきです). The term can carry nuances of responsibility, maturity, or even crisis, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5109

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cooking

Reading

Kanji

調Investigate, Tune 理Reason

Explanation

The Japanese noun '調理 (ちょうり)' refers to the act or process of cooking or preparing food. It is commonly used in contexts related to food preparation, such as in professional kitchens, home cooking, or culinary arts. For example: I am studying cooking「私は調理を勉強しています」(わたしはちょうりをべんきょうしています). This kitchen is for cooking「このキッチンは調理用です」(このキッチンはちょうりようです). The word can also appear in compound terms like '調理師 (ちょうりし)', which means 'chef' or 'cook'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5110

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Year round

Reading

Kanji

中Center 年Year

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '年中 (ねんじゅう)' means 'year-round' or 'throughout the year'. It is used to describe something that happens continuously or without interruption over the entire year. This word is often used to emphasize the constant nature of an activity, event, or state. For example: The store is open year-round「その店は年中開いている」(そのみせはねんじゅうあいている). He works year-round「彼は年中働いている」(かれはねんじゅうはたらいている). It can also be used to describe something that is always present or ongoing, such as '年中無休 (ねんじゅうむきゅう)' meaning 'open all year without holidays'.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5112

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Size, Importance

Reading

Kanji

小Small 大Big

Explanation

The Japanese noun '大小 (だいしょう)' can mean 'size' or 'importance'. When referring to 'size', it is used to describe the relative dimensions or magnitude of something, often in terms of large and small. For example: The size of the houses varies「家の大小はさまざまだ」(いえのだいしょうはさまざまだ). When referring to 'importance', it is used to describe the relative significance or priority of matters. For example: We must consider the importance of each issue「各問題の大小を考えなければならない」(かくもんだいのだいしょうをかんがえなければならない). The word is often used in contexts where comparison or relative assessment is involved.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5113

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Somewhat

Reading

Kanji

少Few 多Many

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '多少 (たしょう)' means 'somewhat' or 'to some extent'. It is used to indicate a moderate degree or amount of something, often implying that the degree is not extreme. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: I am somewhat tired「私は多少疲れています」(わたしはたしょうつかれています). The price is somewhat high「その値段は多少高いです」(そのねだんはたしょうたかいです). It can also be used to express a small quantity, as in 'There is somewhat of a problem'「多少の問題があります」(たしょうのもんだいがあります).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5114

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Grade

Reading

Kanji

学Learn 年Year

Explanation

The Japanese noun '学年 (がくねん)' refers to a 'grade' or 'school year' in the context of education. It is used to indicate the year or level a student is in within their educational journey, such as elementary, middle, or high school. For example: I am in the third grade「私は3学年です」(わたしはさんがくねんです). The new school year starts in April「新しい学年は4月に始まります」(あたらしいがくねんはしがつにはじまります). This term is commonly used in academic settings and is essential for understanding a student's progress in the Japanese education system.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5118

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Same year

Reading

Kanji

同Same 年Year

Explanation

The Japanese noun '同年 (どうねん)' refers to the same year or the identical year in question. It is often used to compare events, ages, or occurrences that happened within the same calendar year. For example: We graduated in the same year「私たちは同年に卒業しました」(わたしたちはどうねんにそつぎょうしました). He was born in the same year as me「彼は私と同年に生まれました」(かれはわたしとどうねんにうまれました). This term is particularly useful in contexts where synchrony or simultaneity within a specific year is emphasized.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5119

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Instinct

Reading

Kanji

能Ability 本Book, Origin

Explanation

The Japanese noun '本能 (ほんのう)' means 'instinct'. It refers to the innate, automatic behaviors or reactions that living beings have, which are not learned but rather inherent. This word is often used in contexts related to biology, psychology, or everyday situations where natural, unthinking actions are described. For example: Animals act by instinct「動物は本能で行動する」(どうぶつはほんのうでこうどうする). His instinct told him to run「彼の本能は逃げろと言った」(かれのほんのうはにげろといった). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe strong, natural impulses in humans, such as survival instinct or maternal instinct.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5120

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tree

Reading

Kanji

樹Tree, Wood

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '樹 (じゅ)' means 'tree'. It is commonly used as a suffix in compound words to denote something related to trees or tree-like structures. For example: oak tree「樫の樹」(かしのじゅ). This suffix is often used in botanical or scientific contexts to specify types of trees. Another example: cherry tree「桜の樹」(さくらのじゅ). It is important to note that '樹 (じゅ)' is typically used in more formal or literary contexts, whereas '木 (き)' is more commonly used in everyday language to refer to trees.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5121

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Name, Title

Reading

Kanji

名Name 義Righteousness

Explanation

The Japanese noun '名義 (めいぎ)' refers to the name under which something is registered or held, often used in legal or formal contexts. It can denote the official name or title associated with a property, account, or position. For example: The property is under his name「その不動産は彼の名義です」(そのふどうさんはかれのめいぎです). She holds the title of director「彼女はディレクターの名義を持っています」(かのじょはディレクターのめいぎをもっています). The word can also imply the formal or legal representation of an entity, such as a company or organization.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5127

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Essentials

Reading

Kanji

領Territory 要Important, Need

Explanation

The Japanese noun '要領 (ようりょう)' refers to the key points, essentials, or gist of something. It is often used to describe the ability to grasp or summarize the most important aspects of a task, situation, or concept. For example: He quickly understood the essentials「彼は要領をすぐに理解した」(かれはようりょうをすぐにりかいした). She explained the gist of the plan「彼女は計画の要領を説明した」(かのじょはけいかくのようりょうをせつめいした). This word can also imply efficiency or the skill of handling tasks effectively, as in '要領がいい (ようりょうがいい)' meaning 'to be efficient or good at handling things.'

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5128

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Crowd

Reading

Kanji

人Person 出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '人出 (ひとで)' refers to the presence or gathering of people, often in large numbers, such as at events, public places, or popular spots. It emphasizes the number of people present rather than the individuals themselves. For example: There was a big crowd at the festival「祭りで人出が多かった」(まつりでひとでがおおかった). The park is crowded today「今日は公園の人出が多い」(きょうはこうえんのひとでがおおい). This word is commonly used to describe bustling or lively situations where many people are gathered.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5129

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Achievement

Reading

Kanji

実Fruit, Truth 績Achievement

Explanation

The Japanese noun '実績 (じっせき)' refers to 'achievement' or 'track record'. It is commonly used to describe accomplishments, results, or proven performance in a professional, academic, or personal context. For example: His achievements are impressive「彼の実績は素晴らしい」(かれのじっせきはすばらしい). The company has a strong track record「その会社は実績がある」(そのかいしゃはじっせきがある). This word is often used in business settings to highlight past successes or to evaluate performance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5133

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Penetration

Reading

Kanji

浸Soak, Immersed 透Pass through, Transparent

Explanation

The Japanese noun '浸透 (しんとう)' means 'penetration'. This term is often used to describe the process of a substance permeating or spreading through another material, such as water soaking into soil or a liquid diffusing through a membrane. It can also be used metaphorically to describe the spread of ideas, culture, or influence. For example: The water penetrated the soil「水が土に浸透した」(みずがつちにしんとうした). The new policy is gradually penetrating society「新しい政策が社会に浸透しつつある」(あたらしいせいさくがしゃかいにしんとうしつつある).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5134

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Beauty

Reading

Kanji

美Beautiful 容Contain, Looks

Explanation

The Japanese noun '美容 (びよう)' refers to 'beauty' or 'beautification'. It is commonly used in contexts related to beauty care, such as skincare, haircare, or cosmetic treatments. For example: beauty salon「美容院」(びよういん). She is studying beauty techniques「彼女は美容の技術を勉強している」(かのじょはびようのぎじゅつをべんきょうしている). This term is often associated with the beauty industry and self-care practices.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5135

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Prince

Reading

Kanji

皇Emperor 子Child

Explanation

The Japanese noun '皇子 (おうじ)' refers to a 'prince', specifically the son of an emperor or a king. This term is used in the context of royalty and is often seen in historical or formal settings. It carries a sense of nobility and high status. For example: The prince is very kind「皇子はとても親切です」(おうじはとてもしんせつです). The prince visited the village「皇子は村を訪れました」(おうじはむらをおとずれました). It's important to note that '皇子' is a more formal term compared to '王子 (おうじ)', which can also mean 'prince' but is used more broadly for any prince, not necessarily the son of an emperor.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5141

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

One hand

Reading

Kanji

片Fragment, One sided 手Hand

Explanation

The Japanese noun '片手 (かたて)' literally means 'one hand'. It is used to refer to a single hand, often in contrast to using both hands. This term can be used in various contexts, such as when describing actions performed with one hand, or when emphasizing the use of a single hand. For example: He carried the bag with one hand「彼は片手でバッグを持った」(かれはかたてでばっぐをもった). She can write with one hand「彼女は片手で書ける」(かのじょはかたてでかける). The word can also be used metaphorically to imply doing something with ease or minimal effort, as in '片手間 (かたてま)' which means 'spare time' or 'doing something on the side'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5142

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Maintenance, Retention

Reading

Kanji

保Preserve 持Hold

Explanation

The Japanese noun '保持 (ほじ)' primarily refers to the act of retaining or maintaining something. It is often used in contexts where something is kept in a particular state or condition over time. For example, in legal or technical contexts, it can refer to the retention of rights or data. In everyday usage, it might refer to maintaining a certain condition or state. Example sentences: The company ensures data retention「会社はデータの保持を保証する」(かいしゃはデータのほじをほしょうする). Maintaining physical health is important「身体の健康を保持することが大切です」(しんたいのけんこうをほじすることがたいせつです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5145

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Originally

Reading

Kanji

来Come 本Book, Origin

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '本来 (ほんらい)' means 'originally' or 'by nature'. It is used to describe something that is inherent, fundamental, or true in its original state. It often implies a contrast between the natural or intended state of something and its current state. For example: This land was originally a forest「この土地は本来、森でした」(このとちはほんらい、もりでした). He is by nature a kind person「彼は本来、優しい人です」(かれはほんらい、やさしいひとです). The word can also be used to emphasize the true nature or purpose of something, as in '本来の目的 (ほんらいのもくてき) (original purpose)'.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5149

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

This year

Reading

Kanji

本Book, Origin 年Year

Explanation

The Japanese noun '本年 (ほんねん)' means 'this year'. It is a formal term often used in business, official documents, or formal speeches to refer to the current year. For example: We aim to achieve our goals this year「本年は目標を達成することを目指します」(ほんねんはもくひょうをたっせいすることをめざします). This year's budget has been finalized「本年予算は確定しました」(ほんねんよさんはかくていしました). Note that '本年' is more formal than '今年 (ことし)', which is used in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5150

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Today

Reading

Kanji

本Book, Origin 日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '本日 (ほんじつ)' means 'today'. It is a formal and polite term often used in announcements, formal speeches, or written communications. For example: Today's event has been canceled「本日のイベントは中止となりました」(ほんじつのイベントはちゅうしとなりました). Thank you for coming today「本日はご来場ありがとうございます」(ほんじつはごらいじょうありがとうございます). Note that '本日' is more formal than the casual '今日 (きょう)', which is used in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5151

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mostly

Reading

Kanji

大Big 体Body

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '大体 (だいたい)' means 'mostly' or 'generally'. It is used to indicate that something is true in most cases or to a large extent, but not completely. It can also be used to give an approximate or rough estimate. For example: I mostly understand Japanese「大体日本語がわかります」(だいたいにほんごがわかります). It's mostly finished「大体終わりました」(だいたいおわりました). The meeting will start at around 10 o'clock「会議は大体10時に始まります」(かいぎはだいたい10じにはじまります).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5154

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Common

Reading

Kanji

用Use 通Commute, Pass

Explanation

The Japanese noun '通用 (つうよう)' refers to something that is commonly accepted, used, or applicable. It often describes ideas, practices, or items that are widely recognized or valid in a particular context. For example: This method is commonly used「この方法は通用する」(このほうほうはつうようする). His excuse won't work here「彼の言い訳はここでは通用しない」(かれのいいわけはここではつうようしない). The term can also imply something being effective or valid in a specific situation, such as a rule or a ticket being valid for a certain period.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5155

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Inn

Reading

Kanji

館Building 旅Travel

Explanation

The Japanese noun '旅館 (りょかん)' refers to a traditional Japanese inn, often featuring tatami-matted rooms, communal baths, and other Japanese-style amenities. These inns are commonly found in hot spring areas and are known for their hospitality and traditional meals. For example: I stayed at a Japanese inn「私は旅館に泊まりました」(わたしはりょかんにとまりました). This inn serves delicious meals「この旅館は美味しい食事を提供します」(このりょかんはおいしいしょくじをていきょうします). The term is distinct from Western-style hotels and emphasizes a cultural experience.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5161

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Input

Reading

Kanji

入Enter 力Power

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '入力 (にゅうりょく)' means 'input'. It refers to the act of entering data or information into a system, device, or form. This term is commonly used in contexts involving computers, forms, or any situation where information is being entered. For example: please input your name「名前を入力してください」(なまえをにゅうりょくしてください). The data input was incorrect「データの入力が間違っていました」(データのにゅうりょくがまちがっていました). It is important to note that '入力' is often used in technical or formal settings, and it can be paired with verbs like 'する' to form the action of inputting, as in '入力する (にゅうりょくする)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5162

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Superior

Reading

Kanji

目Eye 上Up

Explanation

The Japanese noun '目上 (めうえ)' refers to someone who is of higher status, rank, or seniority, such as a boss, teacher, or elder. It is used in social or hierarchical contexts to show respect and acknowledge the position of the person being referred to. For example: I must be polite to my superiors「目上の人には丁寧にしなければならない」(めうえのひとにはていねいにしなければならない). My boss is my superior「私の上司は目上です」(わたしのじょうしはめうえです). The term is often used in workplace or formal settings to emphasize respect for hierarchy.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5163

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Weight

Reading

Kanji

目Eye 方Direction

Explanation

The Japanese noun '目方 (めかた)' refers to the weight of an object or substance. It is commonly used in contexts where measuring or discussing the weight of something is necessary, such as in cooking, shipping, or scientific measurements. For example: The weight of this box is 5 kilograms「この箱の目方は5キロです」(このはこのめかたはごキロです). Please measure the weight of the ingredients「材料の目方を量ってください」(ざいりょうのめかたをはかってください). Note that '目方' is a somewhat formal or technical term and is less commonly used in everyday conversation compared to '重さ (おもさ)', which also means 'weight'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5164

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Subordinate

Reading

Kanji

目Eye 下Down

Explanation

The Japanese noun '目下 (めした)' refers to someone who is in a lower position or rank, typically in a hierarchical structure such as a workplace or social setting. It is often used to describe subordinates or juniors. For example: He is my subordinate「彼は私の目下です」(かれはわたしのめしたです). The manager is giving instructions to his subordinates「マネージャーは目下に指示を出している」(マネージャーはめしたにしじをだしている). The term can also imply a sense of responsibility or duty towards those who are '目下'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5165

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Nine thousand

Reading

Kanji

千Thousand 九Nine

Explanation

The Japanese noun '九千 (きゅうせん)' means 'nine thousand'. It is a specific number used to denote the quantity of nine thousand. This word is typically used in contexts where large numbers are discussed, such as in finance, population statistics, or when counting items in large quantities. For example: The population of the town is nine thousand「その町の人口は九千です」(そのまちのじんこうはきゅうせんです). The cost of the project is nine thousand yen「そのプロジェクトの費用は九千円です」(そのプロジェクトのひようはきゅうせんえんです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5167

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shop, Store

Reading

Kanji

店Shop 舗Shop, Pave

Explanation

The Japanese noun '店舗 (てんぽ)' refers to a physical retail establishment, such as a store or shop. It is commonly used to describe a place where goods or services are sold to customers. This term is often used in business contexts, such as when discussing the number of stores a company operates or the location of a shop. For example: The store is located in the city center「その店舗は街の中心にあります」(そのてんぽはまちのちゅうしんにあります). They are planning to open a new shop「新しい店舗を開く予定です」(あたらしいてんぽをひらくよていです). Note that '店舗' is a more formal term compared to '店 (みせ)', which is a more general and casual term for a shop.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5169

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Workers

Reading

Kanji

人Person 手Hand

Explanation

The Japanese noun '人手 (ひとで)' refers to 'workers' or 'manpower'. It is used to describe the number of people available to work or the workforce needed for a task. This term is often used in contexts where there is a need for additional help or when discussing labor shortages. For example: We need more workers「もっと人手が必要です」(もっとひとでがひつようです). There is a shortage of workers「人手が足りない」(ひとでがたりない). The term can also imply the need for skilled or unskilled labor depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5173

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Example, Model

Reading

Kanji

本Book, Origin 手Hand

Explanation

The Japanese noun '手本 (てほん)' refers to an example or model that serves as a guide or standard to follow. It is often used in contexts where someone is learning a skill, such as calligraphy, art, or behavior, and needs a reference to emulate. For instance: Follow this example「この手本に従ってください」(このてほんにしたがってください). She is a model student「彼女は手本のような学生です」(かのじょはてほんのようながくせいです). The word emphasizes the idea of something being a practical or ideal reference point.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5175

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Constraint

Reading

Kanji

制System, Control 約Promise, Approximately

Explanation

The Japanese noun '制約 (せいやく)' refers to a 'constraint' or 'limitation'. It is used to describe restrictions or conditions that limit freedom or possibilities. This word is often used in contexts such as rules, regulations, or technical limitations. For example: There are many constraints in this project「このプロジェクトには多くの制約がある」(このプロジェクトにはおおくのせいやくがある). The law imposes constraints on businesses「その法律はビジネスに制約を課す」(そのほうりつはビジネスにせいやくをかす). The word can also be used in abstract contexts, such as time constraints or social constraints.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5177

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Transmission

Reading

Kanji

送Send 信Trust

Explanation

The Japanese noun '送信 (そうしん)' refers to the act of sending or transmitting information, data, or signals. It is commonly used in contexts involving communication technologies, such as emails, messages, or data transfer. For example: I sent an email「メールを送信しました」(メールをそうしんしました). The data transmission was successful「データの送信は成功しました」(データのそうしんはせいこうしました). This term is often used in technical or formal settings, and it emphasizes the action of sending information from one point to another.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5178

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Counter for ships

Reading

Kanji

隻One of a pair, Ship counter

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '隻 (せき)' is a counter used specifically for counting ships or vessels. It is a specialized counter and is not used for other objects. For example: one ship「一隻の船」(いっせきのふね). two ships「二隻の船」(にせきのふね). This counter is often used in contexts related to maritime activities, shipping, or naval discussions. It is important to note that '隻' is not a standalone word but a suffix that must be attached to a number to indicate the count of ships.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5179

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fireworks

Reading

Kanji

花Flower 火Fire

Explanation

The Japanese noun '花火 (はなび)' means 'fireworks'. This word is commonly used to describe the colorful explosive displays often seen during festivals, celebrations, or special events in Japan. Fireworks are a significant part of Japanese culture, especially during summer festivals. Example sentences: The fireworks were beautiful「花火がきれいでした」(はなびがきれいでした). We watched the fireworks at the festival「祭りで花火を見ました」(まつりではなびをみました). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something fleeting or spectacular, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5181

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Culture, Education

Reading

Kanji

教Teach 養Foster

Explanation

The Japanese noun '教養 (きょうよう)' refers to a broad sense of education or cultural refinement. It encompasses not only formal education but also general knowledge, intellectual cultivation, and cultural awareness. This term is often used to describe someone who is well-educated and possesses a wide range of knowledge. For example: He has a lot of education「彼は教養がある」(かれはきょうようがある). Reading books is important for gaining culture「本を読むことは教養を身につけるために重要だ」(ほんをよむことはきょうようをみにつけるためにじゅうようだ). The word can also imply a sense of sophistication and depth of understanding in various fields.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5182

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Location

Reading

Kanji

在Be, Exist 所Place

Explanation

The Japanese noun '所在 (しょざい)' primarily means 'location' or 'whereabouts'. It refers to the place where someone or something is situated. This word is often used in formal or written contexts to indicate the position or existence of something. For example: The location of the treasure is unknown「宝の所在は不明だ」(たからのしょざいはふめいだ). I don't know his current whereabouts「彼の現在の所在はわからない」(かれのげんざいのしょざいはわからない). Additionally, '所在' can sometimes imply a sense of responsibility or duty, as in 'a sense of purpose' or 'where one's duty lies', though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5183

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Loss

Reading

Kanji

失Lose, Fault 損Loss, Damage

Explanation

The Japanese noun '損失 (そんしつ)' means 'loss'. It is commonly used to describe financial or material losses, but can also refer to abstract losses such as time or opportunities. For example: The company suffered a huge loss「その会社は大きな損失を被った」(そのかいしゃはおおきなそんしつをこうむった). The loss of time is irreplaceable「時間の損失は取り返しがつかない」(じかんのそんしつはとりかえしがつかない). This word is often used in business or formal contexts to describe negative outcomes or setbacks.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5184

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Route

Reading

Kanji

路Path 線Line

Explanation

The Japanese noun '路線 (ろせん)' primarily means 'route'. It is commonly used to refer to a planned path or course, such as a transportation route (e.g., train or bus lines) or a strategic plan. For example: This train follows the new route「この電車は新しい路線を走ります」(このでんしゃはあたらしいろせんをはしります). The company has changed its business strategy「その会社は事業路線を変更しました」(そのかいしゃはじぎょうろせんをへんこうしました). The word can also metaphorically describe a direction or approach in non-physical contexts, such as policies or plans.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5185

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cancellation

Reading

Kanji

解Solve, Untie 除Exclude, Remove

Explanation

The Japanese noun '解除 (かいじょ)' refers to the act of canceling, revoking, or releasing something, such as a contract, restriction, or state of being. It is commonly used in formal or technical contexts. For example: cancellation of the contract「契約の解除」(けいやくのかいじょ). The state of emergency has been lifted「緊急事態が解除された」(きんきゅうじたいがかいじょされた). It can also refer to the removal of a lock or restriction, as in '解除コード (かいじょコード) (unlock code)'. This word is often used in legal, technical, or administrative settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5189

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Joint

Reading

Kanji

節Season, Node 関Barrier, Related

Explanation

The Japanese noun '関節 (かんせつ)' refers to a 'joint' in the body, where two bones meet and allow movement. It is commonly used in medical or anatomical contexts. For example: My knee joint hurts「私の膝の関節が痛い」(わたしのひざのかんせつがいたい). The doctor examined his shoulder joint「医者は彼の肩の関節を診た」(いしゃはかれのかたのかんせつをみた). This term is specific to the anatomical structure and should not be confused with other uses of the word 'joint' in English, such as a place or a connection between objects.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5190

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Race

Reading

Kanji

人Person 種Kind, Variety

Explanation

The Japanese noun '人種 (じんしゅ)' refers to 'race' in the context of human categorization based on physical characteristics, ancestry, or genetics. It is often used in discussions about ethnicity, diversity, or social issues. For example: Race is not a basis for discrimination「人種は差別の理由ではありません」(じんしゅはさべつのりゆうではありません). The study of human races is complex「人種の研究は複雑です」(じんしゅのけんきゅうはふくざつです). This term is neutral but should be used carefully, as it can be sensitive in certain contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5191

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Origin, Base

Reading

Kanji

基Base, Fundation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '基 (もと)' can mean 'base' or 'origin'. It is often used to refer to the foundation or starting point of something. For example: the base of the mountain「山の基」(やまのもと). The origin of the problem「問題の基」(もんだいのもと). This word can also be used metaphorically to describe the underlying cause or source of something. For example: the base of his success「彼の成功の基」(かれのせいこうのもと). It's important to note that '基' can be used in both literal and abstract contexts, depending on the situation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5192

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Serious

Reading

Kanji

気Spirit 本Book, Origin

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '本気 (ほんき)' means 'serious'. It is used to describe a genuine, earnest, or sincere attitude or state of mind. It often implies a lack of joking or superficiality. For example: He is serious about his studies「彼は勉強に本気です」(かれはべんきょうにほんきです). Are you serious?「本気ですか？」(ほんきですか？). It can also describe actions or situations that are done with full effort or commitment, such as '本気で頑張る (ほんきでがんばる) (to seriously try hard)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5193

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Kingdom

Reading

Kanji

王King 国Country

Explanation

The Japanese noun '王国 (おうこく)' means 'kingdom'. It refers to a country, state, or territory ruled by a king or queen. This term is often used in historical, political, or fantasy contexts. For example: The kingdom prospered under the wise king「王国は賢い王のもとで繁栄した」(おうこくはかしこいおうのもとではんえいした). The fairy tale is set in a magical kingdom「その童話は魔法の王国を舞台にしている」(そのどうわはまほうのおうこくをぶたいにしている). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe a domain or realm, such as 'the kingdom of science'「科学の王国」(かがくのおうこく).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5196

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Milk

Reading

Kanji

乳Breasts, Milk 牛Cow

Explanation

The Japanese noun '牛乳 (ぎゅうにゅう)' refers specifically to cow's milk. It is commonly used in everyday contexts, such as when buying milk at the store or drinking it. For example: I drink milk every morning「毎朝牛乳を飲みます」(まいあさぎゅうにゅうをのみます). This milk is delicious「この牛乳は美味しいです」(このぎゅうにゅうはおいしいです). It is important to note that '牛乳' specifically refers to cow's milk and not other types of milk, such as soy milk or almond milk, which have different names in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5197

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Second (of time), Later

Reading

Kanji

後After, Behind 期Time, Period

Explanation

The Japanese noun '後期 (こうき)' refers to the 'later' or 'second' part of a period, often used in academic or seasonal contexts. For example, it can describe the latter half of a school term or a fiscal year. Example sentences: The second semester starts in October「後期は10月に始まります」(こうきはじゅうがつにはじまります). The latter half of the year is busy「後期は忙しい」(こうきはいそがしい). This term is also used in historical contexts to denote later periods, such as '後期江戸時代 (こうきえどじだい)' (late Edo period).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5198

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Grounds

Reading

Kanji

地Ground 敷Spread, Lay

Explanation

The Japanese noun '敷地 (しきち)' refers to the land or grounds of a property, such as a house, building, or estate. It is commonly used to describe the area of land that a structure occupies or is intended to occupy. For example: The grounds of the mansion are vast「その大邸宅の敷地は広い」(そのだいていたくのしきちはひろい). The construction site covers a large area「その建設現場の敷地は広大だ」(そのけんせつげんばのしきちはこうだいだ). This word is often used in real estate or architectural contexts to describe the physical space of a property.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5199

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Writing, Notation

Reading

Kanji

記Record 表Surface, Express

Explanation

The Japanese noun '表記 (ひょうき)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'notation', referring to the system or method of representing something in written form, such as musical notation or mathematical notation. The second meaning is 'writing', which refers to the act or style of writing something down, such as the way a word is written in kanji, hiragana, or katakana. For example: The notation for this formula is complicated「この式の表記は複雑だ」(このしきのひょうきはふくざつだ). The writing of this word in kanji is difficult「この言葉の表記は難しい」(このことばのひょうきはむずかしい).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5201

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Southwest

Reading

Kanji

南South 西West

Explanation

The Japanese noun '南西 (なんせい)' means 'southwest'. It is a compound word formed by combining '南 (なん)' meaning 'south' and '西 (せい)' meaning 'west'. This term is commonly used in geographical contexts, such as giving directions or describing locations. For example: The wind is coming from the southwest「風が南西から吹いている」(かぜがなんせいからふいている). The island is located to the southwest of the mainland「その島は本土の南西に位置している」(そのしまはほんどのなんせいにいちしている). It can also be used in weather forecasts or navigation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5206

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Southeast

Reading

Kanji

南South 東East

Explanation

The Japanese noun '南東 (なんとう)' means 'southeast'. It refers to the cardinal direction that is halfway between south and east. This term is commonly used in geographical contexts, such as describing the location of a place or the direction of movement. For example: The wind is coming from the southeast「風が南東から吹いている」(かぜがなんとうからふいている). The city is located to the southeast of Tokyo「その都市は東京の南東に位置している」(そのとしはとうきょうのなんとうにいちしている). The term can also be used in weather forecasts or navigation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5207

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Northwest

Reading

Kanji

西West 北North

Explanation

The Japanese noun '北西 (ほくせい)' means 'northwest'. It is a compound word formed by combining '北 (きた)', meaning 'north', and '西 (にし)', meaning 'west'. This term is commonly used to indicate a direction or location, such as in weather forecasts or when giving directions. For example: The wind is blowing from the northwest「北西から風が吹いている」(ほくせいからかぜがふいている). The town is located to the northwest of the city「その町は市の北西に位置している」(そのまちはしのほくせいにいちしている).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5208

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Northeast

Reading

Kanji

東East 北North

Explanation

The Japanese noun '北東 (ほくとう)' means 'northeast'. It is a compound word formed by combining '北 (きた)' meaning 'north' and '東 (ひがし)' meaning 'east'. This term is commonly used to indicate a direction or location. For example: the wind is blowing from the northeast「風が北東から吹いている」(かぜがほくとうからふいている). The city is located to the northeast of Tokyo「その都市は東京の北東に位置している」(そのとしはとうきょうのほくとうにいちしている). It is also used in weather forecasts and geographical descriptions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5209

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Introduction

Reading

Kanji

門Gate 入Enter

Explanation

The Japanese noun '入門 (にゅうもん)' means 'introduction' or 'beginner's guide'. It is commonly used to refer to introductory materials, courses, or books that provide basic knowledge or skills in a particular subject. For example: This is a good introduction to Japanese「これは日本語の入門に良い」(これはにほんごのにゅうもんにいい). I bought a beginner's guide to programming「プログラミングの入門を買った」(ぷろぐらみんぐのにゅうもんをかった). The term can also be used metaphorically to describe the initial steps or entry into a new field or activity.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5212

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Still, Unchanged

Reading

Kanji

依Reliant, Depend on 然Sort of thing, In that case

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '依然 (いぜん)' means 'still' or 'unchanged'. It is used to indicate that a situation or condition remains the same as before, often implying a lack of progress or change. This word is commonly used in formal or written contexts. For example: The problem is still unresolved「問題は依然として解決されていない」(もんだいはいぜんとしてかいけつされていない). The situation remains unchanged「状況は依然として変わらない」(じょうきょうはいぜんとしてかわらない). Note that '依然' is often paired with particles like 'として' to emphasize the continuity of a state.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5213

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Signature

Reading

Kanji

名Name 署Government office

Explanation

The Japanese noun '署名 (しょめい)' refers to a 'signature'. It is commonly used in formal contexts, such as signing contracts, documents, or petitions. For example: Please put your signature here「ここに署名してください」(ここにしょめいしてください). The document requires your signature「その書類には署名が必要です」(そのしょるいにはしょめいがひつようです). The word can also be used in legal or official contexts, such as '署名運動 (しょめいうんどう)', which refers to a signature campaign or petition drive.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5215

Composition

kanji

Handwriting