Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Composition

word

Meaning

Breast

Reading

Kanji

乳Breasts, Milk 房Tassel, Chamber

Explanation

The Japanese noun '乳房 (ちぶさ)' refers to the 'breast' of a person or animal. It is a somewhat formal or literary term and is less commonly used in everyday conversation compared to '胸 (むね)' or 'おっぱい'. The word can be used in both medical and poetic contexts. For example: The mother fed her baby with her breast「母親は乳房で赤ちゃんに授乳した」(ははおやはちぶさであかちゃんにじゅにゅうした). The sculpture depicted a woman with exposed breasts「その彫刻は乳房を露わにした女性を描いていた」(そのちょうこくはちぶさをあらわにしたじょせいをえがいていた). Note that this term is neutral in tone but may carry a more serious or clinical nuance depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6098

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Gun

Reading

Kanji

鉄Iron 砲Gun, Cannon

Explanation

The Japanese noun '鉄砲 (てっぽう)' refers to a 'gun' or 'firearm'. Historically, it specifically refers to matchlock guns introduced to Japan in the 16th century. In modern usage, it broadly refers to firearms. Example sentences: He bought a gun「彼は鉄砲を買った」(かれはてっぽうをかった). The samurai used guns「侍は鉄砲を使った」(さむらいはてっぽうをつかった). Note that this word is often associated with historical or traditional contexts, though it can also be used in modern settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6099

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Recovery, Revival

Reading

Kanji

復Restore 興Interest, Entertain

Explanation

The Japanese noun '復興 (ふっこう)' refers to the act of recovering or reviving something, often after a period of decline or destruction. It is commonly used in contexts such as economic recovery, reconstruction after disasters, or cultural revival. For example: The town is in recovery after the earthquake「その町は地震の後、復興中です」(そのまちはじしんのあと、ふっこうちゅうです). The revival of traditional arts is important「伝統芸術の復興は重要です」(でんとうげいじゅつのふっこうはじゅうようです). Note that while 'recovery' and 'revival' are closely related, they can apply to different contexts, such as physical reconstruction versus cultural or economic resurgence.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6100

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Japanese style

Reading

Kanji

和Peace 風Wind, Style

Explanation

The Japanese noun '和風 (わふう)' refers to something that is in the Japanese style or has Japanese characteristics. It is often used to describe architecture, food, or design that incorporates traditional Japanese elements. For example: This restaurant serves Japanese-style dishes「このレストランは和風の料理を出す」(このレストランはわふうのりょうりをだす). The room is decorated in a Japanese style「その部屋は和風に飾られている」(そのへやはわふうにかざられている). The term can also be used more broadly to describe anything that embodies the aesthetics or traditions of Japan.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6103

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Japanese food

Reading

Kanji

和Peace 食Eat, Food

Explanation

The Japanese noun '和食 (わしょく)' means 'Japanese food.' It refers to traditional Japanese cuisine, which often includes dishes such as sushi, tempura, soba, and miso soup. 和食 emphasizes seasonal ingredients, balance, and presentation. It is recognized by UNESCO as part of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Example sentences: I like Japanese food 「私は和食が好きです」 (わたしはわしょくがすきです). This restaurant serves authentic Japanese food 「このレストランは本格的な和食を提供します」 (このレストランはほんかくてきなわしょくをていきょうします).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6104

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Japanese style

Reading

Kanji

和Peace 式Style, Ceremony

Explanation

The Japanese noun '和式 (わしき)' refers to something that is in the traditional Japanese style or format. It is often used to describe things like architecture, design, or even customs that follow traditional Japanese aesthetics or practices. For example: a Japanese-style room「和式の部屋」(わしきのへや). This term is commonly contrasted with '洋式 (ようしき)', which means 'Western-style'. Another example: a Japanese-style toilet「和式トイレ」(わしきトイレ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6108

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Japanese and English

Reading

Kanji

和Peace 英England, Distinguished

Explanation

The Japanese noun '和英 (わえい)' refers to something that is related to both Japanese and English, such as a Japanese-English dictionary or translation. It is often used in contexts involving bilingual materials or language studies. For example: I bought a Japanese-English dictionary「和英辞典を買いました」(わえいじてんをかいました). This is a Japanese-English translation「これは和英翻訳です」(これはわえいほんやくです). The term is commonly used in educational or linguistic settings to denote resources or works that bridge the two languages.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6109

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exchange

Reading

Kanji

為Do, Sake 替Replace, Exchange

Explanation

The Japanese noun '為替 (かわせ)' refers to 'exchange', particularly in the context of financial transactions. It is commonly used to describe the exchange of money, such as foreign exchange or money transfers. For example: I need to exchange dollars for yen「ドルを円に為替する必要がある」(ドルをえんにかわせするひつようがある). The bank handles international money transfers「その銀行は国際為替を扱っている」(そのぎんこうはこくさいかわせをあつかっている). This term is often used in financial and banking contexts, and it can also refer to bills of exchange or promissory notes in business transactions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6111

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Emergency

Reading

Kanji

救Rescue 急Urgent

Explanation

The Japanese noun '救急 (きゅうきゅう)' refers to 'emergency' or 'urgent medical care'. It is commonly used in contexts related to medical emergencies or urgent situations requiring immediate attention. For example: call an ambulance in case of emergency「救急の場合は救急車を呼んでください」(きゅうきゅうのばあいはきゅうきゅうしゃをよんでください). The emergency room is on the first floor「救急室は一階にあります」(きゅうきゅうしつはいっかいにあります). This term is often seen in phrases like '救急車 (きゅうきゅうしゃ)' (ambulance) or '救急医療 (きゅうきゅういりょう)' (emergency medical care).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6112

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Death penalty

Reading

Kanji

死Death 刑Punish

Explanation

The Japanese noun '死刑 (しけい)' refers to the 'death penalty' or 'capital punishment'. It is a legal term used to describe the sentence of execution for a crime, typically for severe offenses like murder. This word is often used in legal, political, or ethical discussions. For example: The criminal received the death penalty「その犯罪者は死刑を宣告された」(そのはんざいしゃはしけいをせんこくされた). Some countries have abolished the death penalty「いくつかの国は死刑を廃止した」(いくつかのくにはしけいをはいしした). The word carries a heavy and serious connotation, as it involves the ultimate punishment.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6113

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Continuation

Reading

Kanji

存Exist, Suppose 続Continue

Explanation

The Japanese noun '存続 (そんぞく)' means 'continuation' or 'persistence'. It refers to the act of continuing to exist or maintaining something over time. This word is often used in formal or serious contexts, such as discussions about the survival of a business, tradition, or even the environment. For example: The continuation of this tradition is important「この伝統の存続は重要です」(このでんとうのそんぞくはじゅうようです). The company's survival depends on this decision「会社の存続はこの決定にかかっています」(かいしゃのそんぞくはこのけっていにかかっています). Note that '存続' is typically used in written or formal speech rather than casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6115

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Condition

Reading

Kanji

体Body 調Investigate, Tune

Explanation

The Japanese noun '体調 (たいちょう)' refers to one's physical condition or state of health. It is commonly used to describe how someone is feeling physically, whether they are in good health or not. For example: I'm not feeling well today「今日は体調が悪い」(きょうはたいちょうがわるい). She is in good condition「彼女は体調が良い」(かのじょはたいちょうがいい). This word is often used in medical contexts or when discussing health-related issues.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6116

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Western

Reading

Kanji

洋Ocean, Western style 風Wind, Style

Explanation

The Japanese noun '洋風 (ようふう)' refers to something that is in a Western style or influenced by Western culture. It is often used to describe architecture, food, clothing, or other cultural elements that have been adapted from Western traditions. For example: This house is built in a Western style「この家は洋風です」(このいえはようふうです). I like Western-style food「私は洋風の料理が好きです」(わたしはようふうのりょうりがすきです). The term is commonly used to contrast with traditional Japanese styles, such as '和風 (わふう)' which refers to Japanese-style.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6123

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Foreign film

Reading

Kanji

洋Ocean, Western style 画Picture

Explanation

The Japanese noun '洋画 (ようが)' refers to 'foreign films', particularly those from Western countries. It is commonly used to distinguish non-Japanese films from domestic Japanese films (邦画, ほうが). This term is often used in discussions about cinema, movie genres, or cultural comparisons. Example sentences: I enjoy watching foreign films「洋画を見るのが好きです」(ようがをみるのがすきです). This theater specializes in foreign films「この映画館は洋画専門です」(このえいがかんはようがせんもんです). Note that '洋画' specifically emphasizes the Western origin of the films, as '洋' refers to the West or Western culture.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6124

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Western food

Reading

Kanji

洋Ocean, Western style 食Eat, Food

Explanation

The Japanese noun '洋食 (ようしょく)' refers to 'Western-style food' or 'Western cuisine'. This term is used to describe dishes that originated in Western countries, such as Europe and America, and have been adapted to Japanese tastes. Examples include dishes like hamburgers, spaghetti, and curry rice. It is often contrasted with '和食 (わしょく)', which refers to traditional Japanese cuisine. Example sentences: I like Western food「洋食が好きです」(ようしょくがすきです). This restaurant serves Western food「このレストランは洋食を提供します」(このレストランはようしょくをていきょうします).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6126

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Western room

Reading

Kanji

洋Ocean, Western style 間Interval, Space

Explanation

The Japanese noun '洋間 (ようま)' refers to a 'western-style room'. This term is used to describe a room in a Japanese home that is furnished and decorated in a Western style, as opposed to traditional Japanese-style rooms (和室, わしつ). Western-style rooms typically have features like beds, chairs, and tables, rather than tatami mats and futons. Example sentences: The western-style room is spacious「洋間は広いです」(ようまはひろいです). We use the western-style room as a living room「洋間をリビングルームとして使っています」(ようまをりびんぐるーむとしてつかっています).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6127

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Kimono

Reading

Kanji

和Peace 服Obey, Clothing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '和服 (わふく)' refers to traditional Japanese clothing, commonly known as a 'kimono'. This term is used to describe the full-length robe with wide sleeves and a sash (obi) that is tied around the waist. It is distinct from Western-style clothing (洋服, ようふく). The word is often used in contexts discussing traditional Japanese culture, ceremonies, or formal events. Example sentences: She is wearing a beautiful kimono「彼女は美しい和服を着ています」(かのじょはうつくしいわふくをきています). I bought a kimono at the festival「祭りで和服を買いました」(まつりでわふくをかいました). Note that '和服' is a general term and can include various types of traditional garments, not just the formal kimono.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6128

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Waiting room

Reading

Kanji

待Wait 合Fit, Match 室Room

Explanation

The Japanese noun '待合室 (まちあいしつ)' refers to a 'waiting room', a place where people wait, typically in places like hospitals, clinics, train stations, or offices. It is a compound word formed from '待つ (まつ)' meaning 'to wait', '合う (あう)' meaning 'to meet', and '室 (しつ)' meaning 'room'. This term is commonly used in various formal and informal settings. Example sentences: Please wait in the waiting room「待合室で待ってください」(まちあいしつでまってください). The waiting room is crowded「待合室は混雑しています」(まちあいしつはこんざつしています).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6129

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tatami

Reading

Kanji

和Peace 室Room

Explanation

The Japanese noun '和室 (わしつ)' refers to a traditional Japanese-style room, typically characterized by tatami flooring, sliding doors (fusuma or shoji), and minimalistic decor. These rooms are often used for sleeping, tea ceremonies, or other traditional activities. For example: The guest room is a tatami room「客室は和室です」(きゃくしつはわしつです). I prefer sleeping in a tatami room「和室で寝るのが好きです」(わしつでねるのがすきです). The term '和室' contrasts with '洋室 (ようしつ)', which refers to Western-style rooms with carpets or wooden floors.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6130

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Western style

Reading

Kanji

洋Ocean, Western style 室Room

Explanation

The Japanese noun '洋室 (ようしつ)' refers to a 'western-style room'. This term is commonly used in Japan to describe rooms that are furnished or designed in a western manner, as opposed to traditional Japanese-style rooms (和室, わしつ). A typical 洋室 might include features like beds, chairs, and tables, rather than tatami mats and futons. For example: The hotel room is western-style「ホテルの部屋は洋室です」(ホテルのへやはようしつです). I prefer western-style rooms「私は洋室が好きです」(わたしはようしつがすきです). This term is often used in real estate listings or when discussing room layouts in Japan.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6132

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Often

Reading

Kanji

度Degrees, Times

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '度々 (たびたび)' means 'often' or 'frequently'. It is used to describe actions or events that occur repeatedly or many times. This word carries a nuance of something happening multiple times, but not necessarily in a regular or predictable pattern. It is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. Example sentences: He often visits this café「彼は度々このカフェを訪れる」(かれはたびたびこのカフェをおとずれる). I often receive emails from her「私は度々彼女からメールをもらう」(わたしはたびたびかのじょからメールをもらう). Note that '度々' can sometimes imply a sense of recurrence that might be slightly unexpected or noteworthy.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6134

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mainstream

Reading

Kanji

主Master 流Flow

Explanation

The Japanese noun '主流 (しゅりゅう)' refers to the 'mainstream' or the dominant trend, opinion, or direction in a particular field or society. It is often used to describe the most widely accepted or popular ideas, practices, or movements. For example: This is the mainstream opinion「これが主流の意見です」(これがしゅりゅうのいけんです). The mainstream of the river flows to the east「川の主流は東に流れる」(かわのしゅりゅうはひがしにながれる). The term can also be used in contexts like art, culture, or technology to describe what is currently dominant or widely followed.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6138

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Gentleman

Reading

Kanji

紳Belt, Gentleman 士Samurai

Explanation

The Japanese noun '紳士 (しんし)' refers to a 'gentleman'. This term is used to describe a man who is polite, well-mannered, and refined, often adhering to traditional standards of behavior and appearance. It is commonly used in formal contexts, such as in the names of establishments (e.g., '紳士服 (しんしふく)' meaning 'men's clothing') or to address a group of men respectfully. For example: The gentleman is waiting「紳士が待っています」(しんしがまっています). This is a gentlemen's club「ここは紳士のクラブです」(ここはしんしのクラブです). The word carries a connotation of sophistication and respectability.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6139

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Block

Reading

Kanji

丁Street

Explanation

The Japanese noun '丁 (てい)' refers to a 'block' or 'district' in a city or town. It is commonly used in addresses to specify a particular area or section within a larger administrative division. For example: I live in block 3「私は3丁に住んでいます」(わたしは3ちょうにすんでいます). The store is in block 5「その店は5丁にあります」(そのみせは5ちょうにあります). This term is often seen in Japanese addresses, where it helps to organize urban areas into manageable sections.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6140

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Combination

Reading

Kanji

複Duplicate 合Fit, Match

Explanation

The Japanese noun '複合 (ふくごう)' refers to the act or state of combining multiple elements or factors into one. It is often used in contexts where different components are merged or integrated to form a complex whole. For example: the combination of technology and art「技術と芸術の複合」(ぎじゅつとげいじゅつのふくごう). This word is commonly used in fields like science, business, and art to describe hybrid or multifaceted concepts. Another example: the compound interest effect「複利の複合効果」(ふくりのふくごうこうか).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6141

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Trouble

Reading

Kanji

厄Misfortune, Unlucky 介Mediate, Jammed in

Explanation

The Japanese noun '厄介 (やっかい)' primarily means 'trouble' or 'bother'. It refers to something that is troublesome, inconvenient, or difficult to deal with. This word can be used to describe situations, tasks, or even people who are causing difficulty. For example: He is a troublesome person「彼は厄介な人だ」(かれはやっかいなひとだ). This problem is a real hassle「この問題は本当に厄介だ」(このもんだいはほんとうにやっかいだ). The word can also imply a sense of burden or responsibility, as in taking care of someone who is dependent on you.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6142

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Parents

Reading

Kanji

父Father 兄Older brother

Explanation

The Japanese noun '父兄 (ふけい)' refers to 'parents' or 'guardians', particularly in the context of school or educational settings. It is often used to collectively refer to the parents or guardians of students, especially during school events or meetings. For example: The parents attended the meeting「父兄が会議に出席した」(ふけいがかいぎにしゅっせきした). The school sent a notice to the parents「学校が父兄に通知を送った」(がっこうがふけいにつうちをおくった). While '父兄' literally translates to 'fathers and older brothers', it is used more broadly to mean 'parents' in modern Japanese.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6145

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

First

Reading

Kanji

第Ordinal number 一One

Explanation

The Japanese noun '第一 (だいいち)' means 'first'. It is used to indicate the initial position in a sequence or the primary importance of something. This word can be used in various contexts, such as ranking, priority, or order. For example: This is my first time in Japan「これは私の第一の日本です」(これはわたしのだいいちのにほんです). The first priority is safety「第一の優先は安全です」(だいいちのゆうせんはあんぜんです). It can also be used in compound words like '第一印象 (だいいちいんしょう)' (first impression).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6146

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Interest

Reading

Kanji

利Profit, Advantage 息Breath

Explanation

The Japanese noun '利息 (りそく)' refers to 'interest' in the financial sense, specifically the amount of money charged for borrowing or earned from lending money. It is commonly used in contexts related to banking, loans, and investments. For example: The bank charges high interest「銀行は高い利息を取る」(ぎんこうはたかいりそくをとる). I earned interest on my savings「貯金に利息がついた」(ちょきんにりそくがついた). This term is neutral and can be used in both positive and negative contexts depending on whether one is paying or receiving interest.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6147

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pedestrian

Reading

Kanji

歩Walk 行Go 者Someone

Explanation

The Japanese noun '歩行者 (ほこうしゃ)' refers to a 'pedestrian', someone who is walking, especially in a city or town. This term is commonly used in contexts related to traffic, safety, and urban planning. For example: Pedestrians should use the crosswalk「歩行者は横断歩道を使うべきです」(ほこうしゃはおうだんほどうをつかうべきです). The road is closed to vehicles but open to pedestrians「その道路は車両通行止めですが、歩行者は通行できます」(そのどうろはしゃりょうつうこうどめですが、ほこうしゃはつうこうできます). It is important to note that '歩行者' specifically refers to people walking, distinguishing them from drivers, cyclists, or other road users.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6150

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Literary scholar

Reading

Kanji

文Sentence 学Learn 者Someone

Explanation

The Japanese noun '文学者 (ぶんがくしゃ)' refers to a person who is a scholar or expert in literature. This term is used to describe individuals who study, analyze, and often write about literary works, including novels, poetry, and other forms of written art. A 文学者 may be a professor, critic, or author who specializes in the field of literature. Example sentences: He is a famous literary scholar「彼は有名な文学者です」(かれはゆうめいなぶんがくしゃです). She became a literary scholar after years of study「彼女は何年も勉強して文学者になりました」(かのじょはなんねんもべんきょうしてぶんがくしゃになりました).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6151

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Word

Reading

Kanji

言Say

Explanation

The Japanese noun '言 (げん)' means 'word'. It is often used in formal or literary contexts to refer to spoken or written words, and can also imply the act of speaking or expressing something. This term is commonly found in compound words or idiomatic expressions. For example: his words were powerful「彼の言は力強かった」(かれのげんはちからづよかった). The meaning of this word「この言の意味」(このげんのいみ). Note that '言' is less commonly used in everyday conversation compared to synonyms like '言葉 (ことば)', but it carries a more formal or poetic tone.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6154

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fist

Reading

Kanji

拳Fist

Explanation

The Japanese noun '拳 (こぶし)' refers to a 'fist', the hand when the fingers are tightly closed. It is commonly used in contexts related to physical actions, such as punching or holding something tightly. For example: he clenched his fist「彼は拳を握った」(かれはこぶしをにぎった). She hit the table with her fist「彼女は拳でテーブルを叩いた」(かのじょはこぶしでテーブルをたたいた). The word can also appear in idiomatic expressions or martial arts terminology, emphasizing strength or determination.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6155

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Follower, Believer

Reading

Kanji

信Trust 者Someone

Explanation

The Japanese noun '信者 (しんじゃ)' refers to a person who believes in or follows a particular religion, ideology, or figure. It is commonly used in the context of religious faith, but can also extend to passionate supporters of a cause, movement, or even a celebrity. For example: He is a believer of Buddhism「彼は仏教の信者です」(かれはぶっきょうのしんじゃです). She is a devoted follower of that artist「彼女はそのアーティストの熱心な信者です」(かのじょはそのアーティストのねっしんなしんじゃです). Note that while 'believer' and 'follower' are closely related, they can sometimes emphasize different aspects—'believer' focuses on faith, while 'follower' emphasizes loyalty or support.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6156

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pedestrian zone

Reading

Kanji

歩Walk 行Go 者Someone 天Heaven 国Country

Explanation

The Japanese noun '歩行者天国 (ほこうしゃてんごく)' refers to a 'pedestrian zone' or 'pedestrian paradise,' where vehicles are prohibited, and the area is reserved exclusively for pedestrians. This term is often used to describe streets or areas in urban settings that are temporarily or permanently closed to traffic, allowing people to walk freely and safely. For example: The shopping street is a pedestrian zone on Sundays「日曜日にはその商店街は歩行者天国です」(にちようびにはそのしょうてんがいほこうしゃてんごくです). Let's go to the pedestrian zone「歩行者天国に行きましょう」(ほこうしゃてんごくにいきましょう).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6157

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Person

Reading

Kanji

者Someone

Explanation

The Japanese noun '者 (もの)' means 'person'. It is a formal or literary term used to refer to an individual, often in a general or abstract sense. It can also imply a person with a specific role or characteristic. For example: a wise person「賢い者」(かしこいもの). The person who did this「これをした者」(これをしたもの). Note that '者' is often used in written or formal contexts, and in spoken language, alternatives like '人 (ひと)' are more common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6158

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unmarried

Reading

Kanji

未Not yet 婚Marriage

Explanation

The Japanese noun '未婚 (みこん)' means 'unmarried'. It is used to describe someone who has never been married. This term is often used in formal contexts, such as legal documents, surveys, or discussions about marital status. For example: She is unmarried「彼女は未婚です」(かのじょはみこんです). The percentage of unmarried people is increasing「未婚の人の割合が増えています」(みこんのひとのわりあいがふえています). Note that '未婚' specifically refers to someone who has never been married, as opposed to '独身 (どくしん)', which can also mean 'single' but does not necessarily imply that the person has never been married.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6161

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Top class

Reading

Kanji

一One 流Flow

Explanation

The Japanese noun '一流 (いちりゅう)' means 'top class' or 'first-rate'. It is used to describe something or someone that is of the highest quality, rank, or standard in a particular field. For example: He is a top-class chef「彼は一流のシェフです」(かれはいちりゅうのシェフです). This hotel is first-rate「このホテルは一流です」(このホテルはいちりゅうです). The term can be applied to various contexts, such as art, cuisine, education, or professional skills, to denote excellence and superiority.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6163

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Minimum

Reading

Kanji

最Most 小Small

Explanation

The Japanese noun '最小 (さいしょう)' means 'minimum'. It refers to the smallest possible amount, degree, or size of something. This term is often used in mathematical, scientific, or technical contexts to denote the least quantity or the lower limit of a range. For example: the minimum value is 10「最小値は10です」(さいしょうちは10です). We need to find the minimum cost「最小のコストを見つける必要があります」(さいしょうのコストをみつけるひつようがあります). It can also be used in everyday contexts to describe the least amount of effort or resources required for a task.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6164

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wallet

Reading

Kanji

財Wealth 布Cloth, Linen

Explanation

The Japanese noun '財布 (さいふ)' means 'wallet'. It refers to a small, flat case used to carry personal items such as cash, credit cards, and identification documents. This word is commonly used in everyday conversations when discussing money or personal belongings. For example: I lost my wallet「財布をなくしました」(さいふをなくしました). This wallet is expensive「この財布は高いです」(このさいふはたかいです). The term can also be used metaphorically to refer to one's financial resources, as in '財布が寂しい (さいふがさびしい)' which means 'my wallet is feeling lonely' (i.e., I'm low on money).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6165

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Gesture

Reading

Kanji

仕Serve 草Grass

Explanation

The Japanese noun '仕草 (しぐさ)' refers to a gesture, mannerism, or movement, often one that is habitual or characteristic of a person. It can describe subtle physical actions that convey emotions, intentions, or personality traits. For example: Her gestures are charming「彼女の仕草は魅力的だ」(かのじょのしぐさはみりょくてきだ). His mannerisms are unique「彼の仕草は独特だ」(かれのしぐさはどくとくだ). This word is often used to describe small, unconscious movements that reveal someone's inner feelings or nature.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6166

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Appointment

Reading

Kanji

任Duty, Responsibility 命Command, Life

Explanation

The Japanese noun '任命 (にんめい)' refers to the act of appointing someone to a position or role. It is commonly used in formal contexts, such as in business, government, or organizational settings. For example: The president announced the appointment of a new minister「社長は新しい部長の任命を発表した」(しゃちょうはあたらしいぶちょうのにんめいをはっぴょうした). His appointment as CEO was unexpected「彼のCEOへの任命は予想外だった」(かれのCEOへのにんめいはよそうがいだった). The word carries a formal tone and is often used in official announcements or documents.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6167

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wide

Reading

Kanji

広Wide

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '広 (こう)' is derived from the kanji 広 and generally conveys the meaning of 'wide' or 'broad'. It is often used in compound words to indicate something expansive or extensive. For example, in the word '広場 (ひろば)', which means 'plaza' or 'open space', the prefix emphasizes the spaciousness of the area. Another example is '広告 (こうこく)', meaning 'advertisement', where the prefix suggests the broad dissemination of information. Example sentences: The park is wide「公園は広い」(こうえんはひろい). This advertisement is effective「この広告は効果的だ」(このこうこくはこうかてきだ).

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6168

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Routine

Reading

Kanji

日Day, Sun 課Section, Lesson

Explanation

The Japanese noun '日課 (にっか)' refers to a daily routine or a task that is performed regularly every day. It is often used to describe habitual activities or duties that are part of one's everyday life. For example: my daily routine is to go for a run「私の日課はランニングです」(わたしのにっかはらんにんぐです). Reading the newspaper is part of his daily routine「新聞を読むことが彼の日課です」(しんぶんをよむことがかれのにっかです). The word emphasizes the regularity and consistency of the activity, making it a fundamental part of one's day.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6170

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Invalid

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing 効Effective

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '無効 (むこう)' means 'invalid' or 'null and void'. It is used to describe something that has no legal or binding force, or something that is not effective or recognized. This term is often used in legal, contractual, or technical contexts. For example: The contract is invalid「その契約は無効です」(そのけいやくはむこうです). The ticket is no longer valid「そのチケットは無効になりました」(そのチケットはむこうになりました). It can also be used in everyday situations to indicate that something is not functioning or recognized, such as a coupon or a password.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6172

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unnatural

Reading

Kanji

不Not 自Self 然Sort of thing, In that case

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不自然 (ふしぜん)' means 'unnatural'. It is used to describe something that does not seem natural, or that appears forced, artificial, or out of place. This word can be applied to a wide range of contexts, such as behavior, appearances, or phenomena. For example: His smile looked unnatural「彼の笑顔は不自然だった」(かれのえがおはふしぜんだった). The way the tree grew seemed unnatural「その木の生え方は不自然だった」(そのきのはえかたはふしぜんだった). Note that '不自然' can also imply a sense of discomfort or oddness, as in '不自然な静けさ (ふしぜんなしずけさ) (unnatural silence)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6174

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Discomfort

Reading

Kanji

不Not 自Self 由Reason

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '不自由 (ふじゆう)' primarily means 'discomfort' or 'inconvenience'. It refers to a state of being unable to do something freely or comfortably, often due to physical, mental, or situational constraints. This word is commonly used to describe a lack of freedom or difficulty in performing actions. For example: He feels discomfort due to his injury「彼はけがで不自由を感じている」(かれはけがでふじゆうをかんじている). Living without electricity is inconvenient「電気がない生活は不自由だ」(でんきがないせいかつはふじゆうだ). The word can also imply a sense of dependency or limitation, such as in the phrase '不自由な体 (ふじゆうなからだ)', meaning 'a body with disabilities'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6175

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Communication

Reading

Kanji

通Commute, Pass 信Trust

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '通信 (つうしん)' primarily means 'communication'. It refers to the exchange of information between individuals, groups, or devices. This term is often used in contexts involving telecommunications, internet communication, or any form of data transmission. For example: The internet enables global communication「インターネットは世界の通信を可能にする」(インターネットはせかいのつうしんをかのうにする). We lost communication with the satellite「衛星との通信が途絶えた」(えいせいとのつうしんがとだえた). It's important to note that '通信' can also imply a continuous or ongoing exchange of information, not just a single instance.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6176

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Police inspector

Reading

Kanji

警Warn 視See, Look

Explanation

The Japanese noun '警視 (けいし)' refers to the police rank of 'inspector' in Japan. It is used to describe a rank within the Japanese Police hierarchy, specifically a rank above sergeant and below superintendent. Example: He is an inspector 「彼は警視です」 (かれはけいしです). The inspector arrived at the scene 「警視が現場に到着した」 (けいしがげんばにとうちゃくした). This term is used in official contexts and is not commonly used in casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6177

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Emotion

Reading

Kanji

情Feeling, Emotion

Explanation

The Japanese noun '情 (じょう)' primarily means 'emotion' or 'feeling'. It refers to human emotions, sentiments, or passions, often in a deep or profound sense. This word is commonly used in contexts involving empathy, compassion, or emotional states. For example: He has deep emotions「彼は深い情を持っている」(かれはふかいじょうをもっている). The story is full of emotion「その話は情に満ちている」(そのはなしはじょうにみちている). Additionally, '情' can sometimes imply a sense of human kindness or sympathy, as in '情け (なさけ)', which means 'pity' or 'mercy'. However, in its standalone form, '情' is most often associated with general emotional states.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6178

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ordinance

Reading

Kanji

条Clause 例Example

Explanation

The Japanese noun '条例 (じょうれい)' refers to a local ordinance or regulation enacted by a municipal or prefectural government. It is a legal term used to describe rules or laws that are specific to a particular region or locality, rather than national laws. For example: The city passed a new ordinance「市は新しい条例を可決した」(しはあたらしいじょうれいをかけつした). This ordinance prohibits smoking in public places「この条例は公共の場所での喫煙を禁止している」(このじょうれいはこうきょうのばしょでのきつえんをきんししている). The word is commonly used in legal, governmental, and administrative contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6179

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Latent

Reading

Kanji

潜Lurk, Submerge 在Be, Exist

Explanation

The Japanese noun '潜在 (せんざい)' refers to something that exists but is not yet visible, active, or realized. It is often used to describe potential, hidden qualities, or underlying conditions. For example: latent talent「潜在的な才能」(せんざいてきなさいのう). There is a latent demand for this product「この商品には潜在的な需要がある」(このしょうひんにはせんざいてきなじゅようがある). The term is commonly used in contexts like psychology, business, and science to describe something that is present but not yet apparent.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6181

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Creation, Fiction

Reading

Kanji

創Create 作Make

Explanation

The Japanese noun '創作 (そうさく)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'creation', referring to the act of creating something, such as art, literature, or other creative works. For example: This painting is my creation「この絵は私の創作です」(このえはわたしのそうさくです). The second meaning is 'fiction', referring to works of imaginative storytelling, such as novels or short stories. For example: I enjoy reading fiction「私は創作を読むのが好きです」(わたしはそうさくをよむのがすきです). The word is often used in contexts related to art, literature, and creative expression.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6182

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Depiction

Reading

Kanji

描Depict, Draw 写Copy, Photograph

Explanation

The Japanese noun '描写 (びょうしゃ)' means 'depiction'. It refers to the act of describing or portraying something in detail, often through words, art, or other forms of expression. This term is commonly used in contexts such as literature, art, and film to describe how something is represented. For example: The depiction of nature in this painting is beautiful「この絵の自然の描写は美しい」(このえのしぜんのびょうしゃはうつくしい). His novel is known for its vivid depiction of urban life「彼の小説は都市生活の鮮やかな描写で知られている」(かれのしょうせつはとしせいかつのあざやかなびょうしゃでしられている).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6183

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Excess

Reading

Kanji

過Exceed, Error

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '過 (か)' conveys the idea of excess, overdoing, or surpassing a limit. It is commonly used in compound words to indicate that something is excessive or beyond what is normal or acceptable. For example: overwork「過労」(かろう), overconfidence「過信」(かしん), or excessive speed「過速度」(かそくど). This prefix is often attached to nouns or verbs to create new terms that describe an exaggerated or extreme state. For instance: He died from overwork「彼は過労で亡くなった」(かれはかろうでなくなった). Don't overestimate your abilities「自分の能力を過信しないで」(じぶんののうりょくをかしんしないで).

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6184

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Maturity

Reading

Kanji

成Become 熟Ripe, Mature

Explanation

The Japanese noun '成熟 (せいじゅく)' refers to the state of being fully developed or matured, whether physically, mentally, or emotionally. It can describe the maturity of a person, an idea, or even a market or industry. For example: The fruit has reached maturity「果物が成熟した」(くだものがせいじゅくした). His ideas show great maturity「彼の考えは成熟している」(かれのかんがえはせいじゅくしている). The market has matured「市場が成熟した」(しじょうがせいじゅくした). This word is often used in contexts where growth and development are emphasized, and it carries a positive connotation of completeness or readiness.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6189

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Next

Reading

Kanji

来Come

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '来 (らい)' means 'next' and is commonly used in time-related words to indicate the upcoming or following period. It is often attached to words like '年 (ねん)' (year), '月 (げつ)' (month), or '週 (しゅう)' (week) to denote the next year, month, or week, respectively. For example: next year「来年」(らいねん). next month「来月」(らいげつ). next week「来週」(らいしゅう). This prefix is strictly used for time-related contexts and does not apply to other meanings of '来' as a standalone kanji or verb.

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6191

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Landlord

Reading

Kanji

家House 主Master

Explanation

The Japanese noun '家主 (やぬし)' refers to a 'landlord', the person who owns and rents out a property. This term is commonly used in contexts involving rental agreements, housing, or property management. For example: the landlord is strict「家主は厳しい」(やぬしはきびしい). I need to contact the landlord「家主に連絡する必要がある」(やぬしにれんらくするひつようがある). The word can also imply a sense of authority or responsibility over the property, and it is often used in formal or legal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6193

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Definition

Reading

Kanji

定Determine 義Righteousness

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '定義 (ていぎ)' means 'definition'. It refers to the precise explanation or description of the meaning, nature, or scope of something. This term is commonly used in academic, technical, and formal contexts to establish clarity or set boundaries. For example: The definition of this term is unclear「この用語の定義は不明確です」(このようごのていぎはふめいかくです). We need to define the scope of the project「プロジェクトの範囲を定義する必要があります」(プロジェクトのはんいをていぎするひつようがあります). Note that '定義' can also function as a verb when combined with 'する', as in '定義する (ていぎする)', meaning 'to define'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6194

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mysterious

Reading

Kanji

不Not 思Think 議Deliberation

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不思議 (ふしぎ)' means 'mysterious' or 'strange'. It is used to describe something that is difficult to understand or explain, often evoking a sense of wonder or curiosity. This word can be applied to phenomena, events, or even feelings. For example: The story was mysterious「その話は不思議だった」(そのはなしはふしぎだった). I find it strange that he didn't come「彼が来なかったのは不思議だ」(かれがこなかったのはふしぎだ). The word can also be used in a more positive sense to describe something fascinating or awe-inspiring, such as in '不思議な世界 (ふしぎなせかい) (a mysterious world)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6195

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Balance

Reading

Kanji

均Equal, Even 衡Balance, Equilibrium

Explanation

The Japanese noun '均衡 (きんこう)' means 'balance' or 'equilibrium'. It is often used to describe a state of stability or equal distribution between opposing forces, elements, or conditions. This word is commonly used in contexts such as economics, physics, and everyday life to describe a harmonious or stable state. For example: The balance of power between the two countries is maintained「二つの国の間の力の均衡が保たれている」(ふたつのくにのあいだのちからのきんこうがたもたれている). The ecosystem is in balance「生態系は均衡を保っている」(せいたいけいはきんこうをたもっている). It can also refer to a mental or emotional balance, as in: She regained her emotional balance after the incident「彼女はその出来事の後に感情の均衡を取り戻した」(かのじょはそのできごとのあとにかんじょうのきんこうをとりもどした).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6196

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Older

Reading

Kanji

年Year 上Up

Explanation

The Japanese noun '年上 (としうえ)' refers to someone who is older in age. It is commonly used to describe a person who is older than oneself or another person. This term is often used in social contexts to show respect or acknowledge seniority. For example: She is older than me「彼女は私より年上です」(かのじょはわたしよりとしうえです). My older brother is very kind「私の年上の兄はとても優しいです」(わたしのとしうえのあにはとてもやさしいです). Note that '年上' is specifically about age and does not imply any other hierarchical relationship unless contextually specified.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6199

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Honorific

Reading

Kanji

尊Respect, Revered

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '尊 (みこと)' is an honorific used to show deep respect, often attached to the names of deities, emperors, or other highly revered figures. It conveys a sense of sacredness or divinity. For example: the sun goddess Amaterasu is referred to as '天照大御神 (あまてらすおおみかみ)', where '大御神 (おおみかみ)' includes the honorific '御 (み)' and '神 (かみ)' meaning 'god'. Another example is the historical figure Prince Shōtoku, who is often called '聖徳太子 (しょうとくたいし)', but in more reverent contexts, '聖徳太子尊 (しょうとくたいしみこと)' might be used. This suffix is rarely used in modern everyday language and is mostly found in historical, religious, or literary contexts.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6200

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mention

Reading

Kanji

言Say 及Reach, Extend

Explanation

The Japanese noun '言及 (げんきゅう)' means 'mention'. It refers to the act of bringing up or referring to a particular topic, subject, or person in speech or writing. This word is often used in formal contexts, such as academic discussions, reports, or news articles. For example: The article mentions the new policy「その記事は新しい政策に言及している」(そのきじはあたらしいせいさくにげんきゅうしている). The speaker did not mention the incident「スピーカーはその事件に言及しなかった」(スピーカーはそのじけんにげんきゅうしなかった). It is important to note that '言及' is typically used in contexts where the mention is deliberate and significant, rather than casual or offhand.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6205

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Prescription

Reading

Kanji

処Deal with 方Direction

Explanation

The Japanese noun '処方 (しょほう)' refers to a 'prescription' in the medical context. It specifically denotes the act of prescribing medication or the written instructions provided by a doctor for the preparation and administration of a medicine. This term is commonly used in healthcare settings. For example: The doctor wrote a prescription「医者が処方を書いた」(いしゃがしょほうをかいた). I need to take this prescription to the pharmacy「この処方を薬局に持っていかなければならない」(このしょほうをやっきょくにもっていかなければならない). The word is often associated with medical treatment and is essential in contexts involving healthcare and medication management.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6206

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bomb

Reading

Kanji

爆Burst, Explode 弾Bullet, Projectile

Explanation

The Japanese noun '爆弾 (ばくだん)' means 'bomb'. It refers to an explosive weapon designed to cause destruction. This word is often used in both literal and figurative contexts. For example: The bomb exploded「爆弾が爆発した」(ばくだんがばくはつした). He dropped a bombshell during the meeting「彼は会議中に爆弾を落とした」(かれはかいぎちゅうにばくだんをおとした). In figurative usage, it can describe shocking news or revelations. The word is neutral in tone but carries a strong connotation of danger or surprise.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6207

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Arms

Reading

Kanji

武Military 装Dress, Attire

Explanation

The Japanese noun '武装 (ぶそう)' refers to 'arms' or 'weapons'. It is commonly used to describe the act of equipping oneself or a group with weapons, or the state of being armed. This term can be used in both literal and figurative contexts, such as military or ideological 'arming'. For example: The soldiers were armed「兵士たちは武装していた」(へいしたちはぶそうしていた). The country is arming itself against threats「その国は脅威に対して武装している」(そのくにはきょういに対してぶそうしている). Note that '武装' can also imply preparation or readiness in a broader sense, such as '武装した思想' (ぶそうしたしそう) meaning 'armed ideology' or a well-prepared mindset.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6208

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rejection, Rebound

Reading

Kanji

反Anti 発Departure

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '反発 (はんぱつ)' has two distinct meanings. The first is 'rejection', which refers to a strong opposition or resistance to something, such as an idea, authority, or proposal. For example: His proposal met with strong rejection「彼の提案は強い反発を受けた」(かれのていあんはつよいはんぱつをうけた). The second meaning is 'rebound', which refers to a physical or metaphorical bounce-back, such as a ball rebounding or a market recovering. For example: The ball rebounded off the wall「ボールは壁に反発した」(ぼーるはかべにはんぱつした). These two meanings are unrelated and context-dependent, so it's important to distinguish between them based on usage.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6213

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Influence, Reflection

Reading

Kanji

反Anti 映Reflect

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '反映 (はんえい)' has two distinct meanings. The first is 'reflection', which refers to the literal or figurative representation of something, such as light or ideas. For example: The lake reflects the mountains「湖が山を反映している」(みずうみがやまをはんえいしている). The second meaning is 'influence', where something affects or shapes another thing. For example: The new policy reflects public opinion「新しい政策は世論を反映している」(あたらしいせいさくはよろんをはんえいしている). This word is often used in formal or technical contexts, such as in discussions about art, science, or politics.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6214

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Objection

Reading

Kanji

反Anti 論Theory, Argument

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '反論 (はんろん)' means 'objection' or 'counterargument'. It refers to the act of opposing or disputing a statement, opinion, or argument. This term is often used in formal or intellectual discussions, debates, or legal contexts. For example: he raised an objection to the proposal「彼は提案に反論した」(かれはていあんにはんろんした). Her counterargument was very convincing「彼女の反論はとても説得力があった」(かのじょのはんろんはとてもせっとくりょくがあった). Note that '反論' is typically used as a noun but can also function as a suru-verb (反論する) to mean 'to object' or 'to refute'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6215

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Foul

Reading

Kanji

反Anti 則Rule

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '反則 (はんそく)' refers to a violation or foul, particularly in the context of rules, regulations, or sports. It is commonly used to describe actions that break established rules, whether in games, competitions, or formal agreements. For example: That was a foul!「それは反則だ！」(それははんそくだ！). He committed a foul during the match「彼は試合中に反則を犯した」(かれはしあいちゅうにはんそくをおかした). The term can also extend to broader contexts, such as breaking societal or ethical rules, though it is most frequently associated with sports and games.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6217

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dialogue

Reading

Kanji

対Against 話Talk

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '対話 (たいわ)' means 'dialogue'. It refers to a conversation or exchange of ideas between two or more people, often with the intention of understanding or resolving something. This word is commonly used in formal or serious contexts, such as in discussions about politics, philosophy, or interpersonal relationships. For example: We need more dialogue between the two countries「両国の間にもっと対話が必要だ」(りょうこくのあいだにもっとたいわがひつようだ). The teacher encouraged dialogue among the students「先生は生徒たちの対話を促した」(せんせいはせいとたちのたいわをうながした). It can also imply a deeper, meaningful conversation rather than casual small talk.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6218

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Response, Correspondence

Reading

Kanji

対Against 応Answer, Respond

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '対応 (たいおう)' can mean 'response' or 'correspondence'. It is used to describe the act of responding to something or someone, or the state of corresponding to a certain condition or standard. For example: quick response to customer inquiries「顧客の問い合わせに迅速に対応する」(こきゃくのといあわせにじんそくにたいおうする). This product corresponds to the latest standards「この製品は最新の基準に対応している」(このせいひんはさいしんのきじゅんにたいおうしている). The word is often used in business or technical contexts to describe how systems, services, or people handle situations or match requirements.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6219

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reaction

Reading

Kanji

反Anti 応Answer, Respond

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '反応 (はんのう)' means 'reaction'. It refers to a response or change that occurs as a result of an action, event, or stimulus. This word is commonly used in both scientific and everyday contexts. For example: The chemical reaction was fast「化学反応は速かった」(かがくはんのうははやかった). Her reaction to the news was surprising「彼女のそのニュースへの反応は驚くものだった」(かのじょのそのニュースへのはんのうはおどろくものだった). It can also describe emotional or social responses, such as public reaction to a policy「政策への世間の反応」(せいさくへのせけんのはんのう).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6220

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dialogue

Reading

Kanji

問Question, Problem 答Answer

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '問答 (もんどう)' refers to a dialogue or discussion, typically involving questions and answers. It is often used to describe a formal or philosophical exchange of ideas, but can also be used in everyday contexts. For example: The teacher and student had a dialogue「先生と生徒が問答した」(せんせいとせいとがもんどうした). The politicians engaged in a heated discussion「政治家たちが激しい問答をした」(せいじかたちがはげしいもんどうをした). The word can also imply a back-and-forth exchange, sometimes with a sense of debate or argument.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6221

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vast

Reading

Kanji

広Wide 大Big

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '広大 (こうだい)' means 'vast' and is used to describe something of immense size or scale, such as landscapes, areas, or abstract concepts like influence. It conveys a sense of grandeur and expansiveness. For example: The desert is vast「砂漠は広大だ」(さばくはこうだいだ). His influence is vast「彼の影響力は広大だ」(かれのえいきょうりょくはこうだいだ). This word is often used in formal or descriptive contexts to emphasize the sheer size or scope of something.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6222

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Offing

Reading

Kanji

沖Open sea

Explanation

The Japanese noun '沖 (おき)' refers to the 'offing', which is the part of the sea that is visible from the shore but is distant from it. It is often used to describe the open sea or the area of water far from the coast. This term is commonly used in contexts related to fishing, sailing, or describing the sea. For example: The boat is heading towards the offing「船は沖に向かっている」(ふねはおきにむかっている). The offing is calm today「今日の沖は穏やかだ」(きょうのおきはおだやかだ). It is important to note that '沖' is specifically used to describe the sea and not inland bodies of water.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6225

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Escape

Reading

Kanji

脱Remove, Undress 出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '脱出 (だっしゅつ)' means 'escape'. It refers to the act of getting away from a place, situation, or confinement, often implying a sense of urgency or difficulty. This word is commonly used in contexts involving physical escape, such as from a dangerous location, or metaphorical escape, such as from a difficult situation. For example: The prisoners planned their escape「囚人たちは脱出を計画した」(しゅうじんたちはだっしゅつをけいかくした). She managed to escape from the burning building「彼女は燃えている建物から脱出した」(かのじょはもえているたてものからだっしゅつした). The word can also be used in compound forms, such as '脱出口 (だっしゅつぐち)' meaning 'emergency exit'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6226

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

True feelings

Reading

Kanji

本Book, Origin 音Sound

Explanation

The Japanese noun '本音 (ほんね)' refers to a person's true feelings or real intentions, as opposed to what they might say or show outwardly. It is often used in contrast to '建前 (たてまえ)', which refers to the facade or socially acceptable stance one might present. For example: He finally revealed his true feelings「彼はついに本音を言った」(かれはついにほんねをいった). It's hard to tell her true feelings「彼女の本音はわかりにくい」(かのじょのほんねはわかりにくい). The concept of '本音' is deeply rooted in Japanese culture, where maintaining harmony and avoiding conflict often leads to a distinction between what is said and what is truly felt.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6227

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unique

Reading

Kanji

特Special 有Exist

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '特有 (とくゆう)' means 'unique' or 'peculiar to'. It is used to describe something that is characteristic or distinctive to a particular thing, place, or group. This adjective often implies that the characteristic is not found elsewhere or is specific to the subject being described. For example: This plant is unique to Japan「この植物は日本特有です」(このしょくぶつはにほんとくゆうです). The culture has its own unique customs「その文化には特有の習慣がある」(そのぶんかにはとくゆうのしゅうかんがある).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6231

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Farewell

Reading

Kanji

送Send 別Separate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '送別 (そうべつ)' refers to the act of seeing someone off or bidding them farewell, often used in the context of someone leaving a workplace, school, or community. It is commonly associated with formal or ceremonial farewells, such as farewell parties or events. For example: We held a farewell party for our colleague「私たちは同僚の送別会を開きました」(わたしたちはどうりょうのそうべつかいをひらきました). The school organized a farewell ceremony for the graduating students「学校は卒業生の送別式を行いました」(がっこうはそつぎょうせいのそうべつしきをおこないました). This term is often used in formal or professional settings and carries a sense of respect and formality.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6234

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Farewell

Reading

Kanji

送Send 別Separate 会Meet

Explanation

The Japanese noun '送別会 (そうべつかい)' refers to a 'farewell party' or 'send-off gathering'. It is a common social event held to bid farewell to someone who is leaving, such as a colleague transferring to another location, a friend moving abroad, or a student graduating. The event typically involves speeches, gifts, and sometimes entertainment to express good wishes for the person's future. For example: We held a farewell party for our teacher「先生の送別会を開きました」(せんせいのそうべつかいをひらきました). I attended a farewell party last night「昨夜、送別会に出席しました」(さくや、そうべつかいにしゅっせきしました). The term emphasizes the communal aspect of saying goodbye and is deeply rooted in Japanese social customs.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6235

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Expert

Reading

Kanji

専Exclusive, Specialty 門Gate 家House

Explanation

The Japanese noun '専門家 (せんもんか)' means 'expert'. It refers to a person who has specialized knowledge, skills, or experience in a particular field. This term is often used in professional or academic contexts to describe someone who is highly skilled or knowledgeable in their area of expertise. For example: He is an expert in economics「彼は経済の専門家です」(かれはけいざいのせんもんかです). We need to consult an expert「専門家に相談する必要があります」(せんもんかにそうだんするひつようがあります). The word can also imply a level of authority or trustworthiness in the given field.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6236

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Innovation

Reading

Kanji

革Reform, Leather 新New

Explanation

The Japanese noun '革新 (かくしん)' refers to 'innovation' or a significant change that introduces new methods, ideas, or products. It is often used in contexts related to technology, business, or societal changes. For example: The company is known for its innovation「その会社は革新で知られている」(そのかいしゃはかくしんでしられている). This technology represents a major innovation「この技術は大きな革新を表している」(このぎじゅつはおおきなかくしんをあらわしている). The word emphasizes the introduction of something new and transformative, often leading to improvements or advancements in a particular field.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6239

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Verification

Reading

Kanji

検Examine 証Evidence

Explanation

The Japanese noun '検証 (けんしょう)' means 'verification'. It refers to the process of checking or confirming the accuracy, validity, or truth of something. This term is often used in contexts such as scientific research, legal proceedings, or software testing. For example: The verification of the data is complete「データの検証が完了しました」(データのけんしょうがかんりょうしました). We need to verify the results「結果を検証する必要があります」(けっかをけんしょうするひつようがあります). In some contexts, it can also imply a deeper investigation or analysis, such as verifying a theory or hypothesis.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6240

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Upper class, Upstream

Reading

Kanji

上Up 流Flow

Explanation

The Japanese noun '上流 (じょうりゅう)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'upstream', referring to the direction toward the source of a river or stream. For example: the fish swim upstream「魚は上流へ泳ぐ」(さかなはじょうりゅうへおよぐ). The second meaning is 'upper class', referring to the highest social class or elite group in society. For example: she comes from an upper-class family「彼女は上流の家庭出身です」(かのじょはじょうりゅうのかていしゅっしんです). These two meanings are unrelated and depend on the context in which the word is used.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6241

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Voluntary, Optional

Reading

Kanji

任Duty, Responsibility 意Idea

Explanation

The Japanese noun '任意 (にんい)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'optional', referring to something that is not required or mandatory. For example: participation is optional「参加は任意です」(さんかはにんいです). The second meaning is 'voluntary', referring to something done by choice or free will. For example: voluntary work「任意の仕事」(にんいのしごと). This word is often used in formal or legal contexts to describe actions or decisions that are not compulsory. It can also imply a sense of freedom or discretion in making choices.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6242

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Genuine

Reading

Kanji

本Book, Origin 格Status 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '本格的 (ほんかくてき)' means 'genuine' or 'authentic'. It is used to describe something that is fully developed, serious, or done in a proper and thorough manner. This word often conveys a sense of seriousness or professionalism in the context it is used. For example: This restaurant serves genuine Italian food「このレストランは本格的なイタリア料理を出す」(このレストランはほんかくてきなイタリアりょうりをだす). He started his training in a serious manner「彼は本格的にトレーニングを始めた」(かれはほんかくてきにトレーニングをはじめた). Note that '本格的' can also imply a sense of being 'full-scale' or 'thorough', depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6246

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Comprehensive

Reading

Kanji

全Whole, All 面Face, Surface 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '全面的 (ぜんめんてき)' means 'comprehensive' or 'all-encompassing'. It is used to describe something that covers all aspects or is done in a thorough and complete manner. This word is often used in contexts such as support, agreement, or changes that are complete and without reservation. For example: The company gave comprehensive support to the project「会社はそのプロジェクトに全面的な支援をした」(かいしゃはそのプロジェクトにぜんめんてきなしえんをした). He fully agreed with the proposal「彼はその提案に全面的に同意した」(かれはそのていあんにぜんめんてきにどういした). It can also imply a sense of totality or completeness in actions or decisions.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6247

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Logical

Reading

Kanji

論Theory, Argument 理Reason 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '論理的 (ろんりてき)' means 'logical'. It is used to describe something that is based on clear, rational, and systematic reasoning. This term is often applied to arguments, thinking processes, or explanations that follow a coherent and well-structured line of thought. For example: His explanation was very logical「彼の説明はとても論理的だった」(かれのせつめいはとてもろんりてきだった). She has a logical way of solving problems「彼女は問題を解決する論理的な方法を持っている」(かのじょはもんだいをかいけつするろんりてきなほうほうをもっている). The adjective can also be used to describe a person who thinks logically, as in '彼は論理的な人だ (かれはろんりてきなひとだ) (He is a logical person).'

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6248

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Intellectual

Reading

Kanji

知Know 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '知的 (ちてき)' means 'intellectual' and is used to describe something or someone that is related to intelligence, knowledge, or the mind. It often carries a nuance of sophistication or being well-informed. For example: She has an intellectual appearance「彼女は知的な雰囲気を持っている」(かのじょはちてきなふんいきをもっている). This book is intellectually stimulating「この本は知的に刺激的だ」(このほんはちてきにしげきてきだ). The word is commonly used in contexts involving education, culture, or mental activities.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6249

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Destination

Reading

Kanji

目Eye 的Target 地Ground

Explanation

The Japanese noun '目的地 (もくてきち)' means 'destination'. It refers to the place to which someone or something is going or being sent. This word is commonly used in travel contexts, such as when discussing the endpoint of a journey or trip. For example: The destination is still far away「目的地はまだ遠い」(もくてきちはまだとおい). We arrived at our destination「目的地に着きました」(もくてきちにつきました). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe a goal or objective, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6250

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cultural

Reading

Kanji

文Sentence 化Change 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '文化的 (ぶんかてき)' means 'cultural'. It is used to describe something related to culture, such as cultural activities, cultural heritage, or cultural differences. This term is often used in formal or academic contexts to discuss aspects of culture. For example: This event has cultural significance「このイベントは文化的に重要です」(このイベントはぶんかてきにじゅうようです). We need to respect cultural differences「文化的な違いを尊重する必要があります」(ぶんかてきなちがいをそんちょうするひつようがあります). The adjective is typically used to modify nouns, as in '文化的活動 (ぶんかてきかつどう) (cultural activities)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6252

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Masculine

Reading

Kanji

男Man 性Gender, Sex 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '男性的 (だんせいてき)' means 'masculine'. It is used to describe qualities, characteristics, or behaviors that are traditionally associated with men, such as strength, assertiveness, or physical appearance. This word can be applied to people, traits, or even objects that evoke a masculine impression. For example: He has a masculine appearance「彼は男性的な外見だ」(かれはだんせいてきながいけんだ). This design feels very masculine「このデザインはとても男性的だ」(このデザインはとてもだんせいてきだ). Note that this word is often used in a descriptive or comparative context, and it carries a neutral to positive connotation depending on the situation.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6253

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Art

Reading

Kanji

芸Art, Performance

Explanation

The Japanese noun '芸 (げい)' refers to 'art' or 'performance'. It is often used to describe artistic skills, performances, or crafts, particularly in traditional Japanese contexts. For example: she is skilled in traditional Japanese arts「彼女は伝統的な日本の芸に熟練している」(かのじょはでんとうてきなにほんのげいにじゅくれんしている). The geisha performed a beautiful art「芸者が美しい芸を披露した」(げいしゃがうつくしいげいをひろうした). This word can also refer to specific skills or techniques, such as in martial arts or other disciplines. It carries a connotation of refinement and mastery.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6256

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shell, First

Reading

Kanji

甲Armor, Shell

Explanation

The Japanese noun '甲 (こう)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning refers to the shell of a turtle or tortoise, often used in traditional contexts or literature. For example: the turtle's shell is hard「亀の甲は硬い」(かめのこうはかたい). The second meaning is 'first' in a sequence, such as in the traditional ordering system (甲, 乙, 丙, etc.), which is similar to 'A, B, C' in English. For example: this is the first item「これは甲の項目です」(これはこうのこうもくです). The word is also used in compound words like '甲羅 (こうら)' (shell) or '甲乙 (こうおつ)' (first and second).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6257

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Issuance

Reading

Kanji

交Mix 付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese noun '交付 (こうふ)' refers to the act of issuing, delivering, or distributing something officially, such as documents, certificates, or permits. It is often used in formal or bureaucratic contexts. For example: The issuance of the passport was delayed「パスポートの交付が遅れた」(パスポートのこうふがおくれた). The government issued new guidelines「政府は新しいガイドラインを交付した」(せいふはあたらしいガイドラインをこうふした). This term is commonly associated with official procedures and formal documentation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6258

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Home country

Reading

Kanji

自Self 国Country

Explanation

The Japanese noun '自国 (じこく)' refers to one's own country or homeland. It is often used in contexts where someone is comparing or discussing their own country in relation to others. For example: I love my homecountry「私は自国が大好きです」(わたしはじこくがだいすきです). The policies of my homecountry are strict「自国の政策は厳しい」(じこくのせいさくはきびしい). This term is commonly used in formal or political discussions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6259

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Effort

Reading

Kanji

手Hand 間Interval, Space

Explanation

The Japanese noun '手間 (てま)' refers to the time, effort, or labor required to complete a task. It often implies that the task is time-consuming or requires careful attention. This word is commonly used in contexts where the speaker wants to emphasize the amount of work or effort involved. For example: Cooking this dish takes a lot of effort「この料理は手間がかかる」(このりょうりはてまがかかる). I don't want to spend too much effort on this「これに手間をかけたくない」(これにてまをかけたくない). The word can also be used to describe tasks that are tedious or require patience, such as '手間のかかる仕事 (てまのかかるしごと) (time-consuming work)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6261

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Feather

Reading

Kanji

羽Feather

Explanation

The Japanese noun '羽 (はね)' primarily means 'feather'. It refers to the natural growth on birds that helps them fly. This word can also be used metaphorically or in compound words to describe things that resemble feathers in shape or function. For example: a bird's feather「鳥の羽」(とりのはね). The angel has beautiful feathers「天使は美しい羽を持っている」(てんしはうつくしいはねをもっている). Note that '羽' can also refer to wings in some contexts, but the primary and most common meaning is 'feather'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6262

Composition

kanji

Handwriting