Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Composition

word

Meaning

Excite

Reading

Kanji

盛Prosper 上Up

Explanation

The Japanese verb '盛り上がる (もりあがる)' primarily means 'to get excited' or 'to heat up'. It is often used to describe a situation, atmosphere, or mood becoming lively, enthusiastic, or intense. This verb can be applied to various contexts, such as parties, discussions, or events. For example: The party got really exciting「パーティーが盛り上がった」(ぱーてぃーがもりあがった). The discussion heated up「議論が盛り上がった」(ぎろんがもりあがった). It can also describe physical swelling or rising, such as dough rising「生地が盛り上がる」(きじがもりあがる). The nuance often implies a positive or energetic buildup.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6230

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Particularly, Separately

Reading

Kanji

別Separate

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '別に (べつに)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'particularly' or 'especially', often used in negative contexts to downplay something. For example: I don't particularly care「別に気にしない」(べつにきにしない). The second meaning is 'separately' or 'apart', indicating something is distinct or independent. For example: These are handled separately「これらは別に扱われる」(これらはべつにあつかわれる). The nuance of '別に' often conveys a sense of indifference or distinction, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6232

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pity

Reading

Kanji

哀Pity, Sorrow

Explanation

The Japanese noun '哀れ (あわれ)' conveys a sense of 'pity' or 'compassion'. It is often used to express a deep feeling of sorrow or sympathy towards someone or something, typically in a situation that evokes a sense of tragedy or helplessness. This word can also carry a poetic or literary nuance, often found in traditional Japanese literature and drama. For example: I felt pity for the stray dog「哀れな野良犬に同情した」(あわれなのらいぬにどうじょうした). The story was filled with pity and sorrow「その物語は哀れと悲しみに満ちていた」(そのものがたりはあわれとかなしみにみちていた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6238

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Confess

Reading

Kanji

打Hit 明Bright

Explanation

The Japanese verb '打ち明ける (うちあける)' means 'to confess' or 'to reveal something honestly and openly'. It is often used when someone shares a secret, a personal feeling, or a hidden truth with another person. This verb carries a nuance of vulnerability and trust, as it implies opening up about something that was previously kept private. For example: She confessed her feelings to him「彼女は彼に気持ちを打ち明けた」(かのじょはかれにきもちをうちあけた). He revealed his secret to his friend「彼は友達に秘密を打ち明けた」(かれはともだちにひみつをうちあけた). The verb is commonly used in emotional or personal contexts, emphasizing sincerity and openness.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6243

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Combine

Reading

Kanji

組Association, Group 合Fit, Match

Explanation

The Japanese verb '組み合わせる (くみあわせる)' means 'to combine' or 'to put together'. It is used when referring to the act of joining or mixing different elements, parts, or ideas to create something new or functional. This verb is often used in contexts like cooking, design, or problem-solving. For example: combine these ingredients「これらの材料を組み合わせてください」(これらのざいりょうをくみあわせてください). We combined our ideas to solve the problem「私たちは問題を解決するためにアイデアを組み合わせました」(わたしたちはもんだいをかいけつするためにアイデアをくみあわせました). Note that this verb can also imply a thoughtful or strategic combination, not just a random mix.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6244

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Serve, Pile

Reading

Kanji

盛Prosper

Explanation

The Japanese verb '盛る (もる)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to serve' or 'to dish out', often used in the context of serving food. For example: The chef served rice「シェフがご飯を盛った」(シェフがごはんをもった). The second meaning is 'to pile up' or 'to heap', which can be used both literally and figuratively. For example: She piled up the books「彼女は本を盛った」(かのじょはほんをもった). The verb can also be used in compound verbs or idiomatic expressions, such as '盛り上がる (もりあがる)', which means 'to get excited' or 'to become lively'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6245

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Train

Reading

Kanji

鍛Forge, Train

Explanation

The Japanese verb '鍛える (きたえる)' primarily means 'to train' or 'to forge'. It is often used in the context of physical training, such as building strength or endurance, but can also refer to mental or skill-based training. For example: He trains his body every day「彼は毎日体を鍛える」(かれはまいにちからだをきたえる). She is training her mind through meditation「彼女は瞑想で心を鍛えている」(かのじょはめいそうでこころをきたえている). Additionally, '鍛える' can be used metaphorically to describe refining or honing a skill, such as '鍛える技術 (きたえるぎじゅつ)' (honing a skill).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6264

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rich

Reading

Kanji

富Wealth, Rich

Explanation

The Japanese verb '富む (とむ)' means 'to be rich' or 'to abound in'. It is used to describe a state of having an abundance of something, whether it be wealth, resources, or qualities. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as describing a person who is wealthy or a place that is rich in natural resources. For example: This country is rich in natural resources「この国は天然資源に富んでいる」(このくにはてんねんしげんにとんでいる). He is rich in experience「彼は経験に富んでいる」(かれはけいけんにとんでいる). Note that '富む' is often used with the particle 'に' to indicate what the subject is rich in.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6265

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Flat

Reading

Kanji

平Flat

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '平たい (ひらたい)' means 'flat'. It is used to describe something that has a smooth, even surface without significant curves or bumps. This word can be applied to physical objects like tables, plates, or terrain, as well as abstract concepts like explanations or stories that are straightforward. For example: The table is flat「テーブルは平たい」(てーぶるはひらたい). His explanation was flat and easy to understand「彼の説明は平たくて分かりやすかった」(かれのせつめいはひらたくてわかりやすかった). Note that '平たい' can also imply simplicity or lack of complexity in non-physical contexts.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6276

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sleep

Reading

Kanji

眠Sleep, Sleepy

Explanation

The Japanese noun '眠り (ねむり)' refers to the state or act of sleeping. It is commonly used to describe the natural state of rest where consciousness is suspended. For example: I fell into a deep sleep「私は深い眠りに落ちた」(わたしはふかいねむりにおちた). The baby is in a peaceful sleep「赤ちゃんは穏やかな眠りについている」(あかちゃんはおだやかなねむりについている). This word can also be used metaphorically to describe inactivity or dormancy, such as in 'the sleep of winter'「冬の眠り」(ふゆのねむり).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6285

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hide, Lay

Reading

Kanji

伏Prostrated

Explanation

The Japanese verb '伏せる (ふせる)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'to lay something down' or 'to place something face down'. For example: he laid the book face down「彼は本を伏せた」(かれはほんをふせた). The second meaning is 'to hide' or 'to conceal', often used in contexts where something is intentionally kept out of sight. For example: she hid her face in her hands「彼女は顔を手で伏せた」(かのじょはかおをてでふせた). This verb is versatile and can be used in both literal and figurative contexts, depending on the situation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6286

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Remove

Reading

Kanji

退Retreat

Explanation

The Japanese verb '退ける (のける)' means 'to remove' or 'to set aside'. It is often used to describe physically moving something out of the way or figuratively removing an obstacle or problem. For example: Please remove the box「箱を退けてください」(はこをのけてください). He set aside his doubts and moved forward「彼は疑念を退けて前に進んだ」(かれはぎねんをのけてまえにすすんだ). The verb can also imply a sense of decisiveness or determination in removing something. It is commonly used in both casual and formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6297

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Found

Reading

Kanji

見See 当Hit, Appropriate

Explanation

The Japanese verb '見当たる (みあたる)' means 'to be found' or 'to be located'. It is used when something is discovered or located after searching. This verb often implies that the object or person was being looked for and has now been found. For example: I found my keys「鍵が見当たる」(かぎがみあたる). The book was found in the library「その本は図書館に見当たる」(そのほんはとしょかんにみあたる). Note that this verb is often used in the context of searching for something that was previously lost or missing.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6298

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Borrowing

Reading

Kanji

借Borrow, Rent 入Enter

Explanation

The Japanese noun '借り入れ (かりいれ)' refers to the act of borrowing, particularly in the context of money or loans. It is commonly used in financial or business settings to describe the process of obtaining funds from a lender. For example: The company secured a loan「会社は借り入れをした」(かいしゃはかりいれをした). He is considering borrowing money「彼は借り入れを考えている」(かれはかりいれをかんがえている). This term emphasizes the formal or contractual nature of borrowing, often involving repayment terms and interest.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6301

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Desperately

Reading

Kanji

必Inevitable, Certain 死Death

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '必死に (ひっしに)' means 'desperately' or 'with all one's might'. It is used to describe actions performed with extreme effort, urgency, or determination, often in situations where failure is not an option. This word carries a strong sense of urgency and can be used in both positive and negative contexts. For example: He desperately tried to escape「彼は必死に逃げようとした」(かれはひっしににげようとした). She studied desperately for the exam「彼女は試験のために必死に勉強した」(かのじょはしけんのためにひっしにべんきょうした). The word can also imply a sense of life-or-death seriousness, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6309

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

No entry

Reading

Kanji

立Stand 入Enter 禁Ban, Prohibition 止Stop

Explanation

The Japanese noun '立ち入り禁止 (たちいりきんし)' means 'no entry' or 'off-limits'. It is commonly used to indicate areas where entry is prohibited, such as restricted zones, construction sites, or private property. This term is often seen on signs and warnings. For example: This area is off-limits「このエリアは立ち入り禁止です」(このエリアはたちいりきんしです). Do not enter, it's prohibited「立ち入り禁止です、入らないでください」(たちいりきんしです、はいらないでください). The term is a combination of '立ち入り (たちいり)' meaning 'entry' and '禁止 (きんし)' meaning 'prohibition'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6311

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Attack

Reading

Kanji

攻Attack, Aggression

Explanation

The Japanese verb '攻める (せめる)' means 'to attack'. This verb is used to describe the act of initiating an aggressive action against someone or something, often in the context of battle, sports, or competition. It can also be used metaphorically to describe taking an assertive approach in non-physical contexts. For example: the soldiers attacked the castle「兵士たちは城を攻めた」(へいしたちはしろをせめた). The team attacked the opponent's weak point「チームは相手の弱点を攻めた」(チームはあいてのじゃくてんをせめた). In some contexts, it can also imply a strategic or calculated approach to overcoming an obstacle or challenge.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6321

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Know, Exist

Reading

Kanji

存Exist, Suppose

Explanation

The Japanese verb '存じる (ぞんじる)' is a humble form of the verb '知る (しる)', meaning 'to know'. It is used in formal or polite contexts to show humility, often when referring to oneself. For example: I know that person「その方を存じています」(そのかたをぞんじています). Additionally, '存じる' can also mean 'to exist' in a very formal or archaic sense, though this usage is rare in modern Japanese. For example: The legend still exists「その伝説は今も存じる」(そのでんせつはいまもぞんじる). Note that the 'know' meaning is far more common in everyday usage.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6326

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Review, Revision

Reading

Kanji

見See 直Straight, Repair

Explanation

The Japanese noun '見直し (みなおし)' refers to the act of reviewing or revising something. It is commonly used in contexts where a plan, policy, or document is being re-examined for improvement or correction. For example: We need a review of the project「プロジェクトの見直しが必要です」(ぷろじぇくとのみなおしがひつようです). The government is considering a revision of the law「政府は法律の見直しを検討しています」(せいふはほうりつのみなおしをけんとうしています). The word can also imply a positive reassessment, such as when someone's opinion of something improves after reconsideration.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6337

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Miss, Overlook

Reading

Kanji

見See 逃Escape

Explanation

The Japanese verb '見逃す (みのがす)' can mean either 'to miss' or 'to overlook' depending on the context. When used to mean 'to miss', it refers to failing to see or notice something, often due to inattention or bad timing. For example: I missed the train「電車を見逃した」(でんしゃをみのがした). When used to mean 'to overlook', it refers to deliberately or accidentally ignoring or failing to take action on something. For example: The teacher overlooked the student's mistake「先生は生徒のミスを見逃した」(せんせいはせいとのミスをみのがした). This verb is often used in situations where something important or noteworthy is not properly noticed or addressed.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6338

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Uncertain

Reading

Kanji

不Not 確Certain

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不確か (ふたしか)' means 'uncertain'. It is used to describe something that is not definite, reliable, or clear. This word often conveys a sense of doubt or ambiguity. For example: The future is uncertain「未来は不確かだ」(みらいはふたしかだ). His story seems uncertain「彼の話は不確かだ」(かれのはなしはふたしかだ). It can also be used to describe vague or unclear information, as in 'The details are uncertain「詳細は不確かだ」(しょうさいはふたしかだ)'. Note that '不確か' is often followed by the copula 'だ' or 'です' to form a complete sentence.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6343

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Help

Reading

Kanji

助Help

Explanation

The Japanese noun '助け (たすけ)' means 'help'. It refers to assistance or support provided to someone in need. This word is often used in situations where someone requires aid, whether physical, emotional, or otherwise. For example: I need your help「あなたの助けが必要です」(あなたのたすけがひつようです). He came to my rescue「彼は私の助けに来た」(かれはわたしのたすけにきた). The word can also be used in compound phrases, such as '助け合い (たすけあい)', which means 'mutual help' or 'helping each other'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6350

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Inherit

Reading

Kanji

受Accept 継Succeed, Inherit

Explanation

The Japanese verb '受け継ぐ (うけつぐ)' means 'to inherit'. This verb is used when someone receives or takes over something from a predecessor, such as traditions, responsibilities, or property. It implies a continuation of something from one generation or person to another. For example: He inherited his father's business「彼は父の事業を受け継いだ」(かれはちちのじぎょうをうけついだ). We must inherit the traditions of our ancestors「私たちは先祖の伝統を受け継がなければならない」(わたしたちはせんぞのでんとうをうけつがなければならない). The verb can also be used in a broader sense to describe taking over roles or duties.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6354

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reliance

Reading

Kanji

頼Ask, Trust

Explanation

The Japanese noun '頼り (たより)' means 'reliance' or 'dependence'. It refers to the act of relying on someone or something for support, help, or guidance. This word is often used in contexts where trust or dependence is implied, such as in relationships or when seeking assistance. For example: I have no one to rely on「頼りにする人がいない」(たよりにするひとがいない). He is my only reliance「彼が私の唯一の頼りだ」(かれがわたしのゆいいつのたよりだ). The word can also be used to describe something that serves as a source of support or information, such as a guide or reference.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6366

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cool

Reading

Kanji

冷Cold

Explanation

The Japanese verb '冷やす (ひやす)' means 'to cool' or 'to chill'. It is used to describe the action of making something colder, often in a literal sense, such as cooling food or drinks. For example: I will cool the beer「ビールを冷やします」(びーるをひやします). Please chill the watermelon「スイカを冷やしてください」(すいかをひやしてください). This verb can also be used metaphorically, such as cooling down emotions or a situation. For instance: He cooled his anger「彼は怒りを冷やした」(かれはおこりをひやした). Note that '冷やす' is transitive and requires a direct object.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6370

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Transfer

Reading

Kanji

振Shake, Swing 込Put in, Crowded

Explanation

The Japanese verb '振り込む (ふりこむ)' means 'to transfer money' or 'to deposit funds into an account'. It is commonly used in financial contexts, such as when sending money to someone's bank account or paying bills. For example: I transferred the money to his account「彼の口座に振り込みました」(かれのこうざにふりこみました). Please transfer the payment by tomorrow「明日までに支払いを振り込んでください」(あしたまでにしはらいをふりこんでください). This verb is often used in formal or business settings and is essential for financial transactions in Japan.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6371

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Jump

Reading

Kanji

飛Fly 上Up

Explanation

The Japanese verb '飛び上がる (とびあがる)' means 'to jump up' or 'to leap up'. It is often used to describe a sudden, energetic upward movement, either physically or metaphorically. For example: The cat jumped up when it heard the noise「猫は音を聞いて飛び上がった」(ねこはおとをきいてとびあがった). He jumped up in surprise「彼は驚いて飛び上がった」(かれはおどろいてとびあがった). This verb can also be used to express excitement or shock, as in '飛び上がるほど嬉しい (とびあがるほどうれしい)' (so happy that one could jump for joy).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6373

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Jump down

Reading

Kanji

飛Fly 下Down

Explanation

The Japanese verb '飛び下りる (とびおりる)' means 'to jump down'. This verb is used to describe the action of jumping from a higher place to a lower place. It often implies a deliberate or sudden action, and can be used in both literal and figurative contexts. For example: he jumped down from the roof「彼は屋根から飛び下りた」(かれはやねからとびおりた). The bird jumped down from the tree「鳥は木から飛び下りた」(とりはきからとびおりた). In a figurative sense, it can be used to describe someone making a sudden decision or taking a bold action, such as quitting a job or leaving a situation abruptly.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6374

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Expression

Reading

Kanji

顔Face 付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese noun '顔付き (かおつき)' refers to a person's facial expression or the look on their face. It is often used to describe the emotions or mood someone is conveying through their face. For example: She had a worried expression「彼女は心配そうな顔付きをしていた」(かのじょはしんぱいそうなかおつきをしていた). His expression changed when he heard the news「彼はそのニュースを聞いて顔付きが変わった」(かれはそのニュースをきいてかおつきがかわった). This word can also imply the overall impression or demeanor someone gives off through their facial appearance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6382

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Clear

Reading

Kanji

晴Clear

Explanation

The Japanese verb '晴れる (はれる)' primarily means 'to clear up' or 'to become clear', most commonly used in reference to weather. It describes the transition from cloudy or rainy weather to clear skies. For example: The weather cleared up「天気が晴れた」(てんきがはれた). It can also be used metaphorically to describe a situation or mood improving, such as when worries or doubts are resolved. For example: My worries cleared up「心配が晴れた」(しんぱいがはれた). This verb is often used in its past tense form '晴れた (はれた)' to describe a change that has already occurred.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6388

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lose

Reading

Kanji

敗Defeat

Explanation

The Japanese verb '敗れる (やぶれる)' means 'to lose' in the context of a competition, battle, or contest. It is often used to describe defeat in sports, games, or conflicts. This verb carries a nuance of being defeated by an opponent rather than simply failing. For example: They lost the match「彼らは試合に敗れた」(かれらはしあいにやぶれた). The army was defeated in the battle「軍隊は戦いに敗れた」(ぐんたいはたたかいにやぶれた). Note that this verb is typically used in formal or serious contexts and is less common in casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6392

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Delay

Reading

Kanji

遅Slow, Late

Explanation

The Japanese noun '遅れ (おくれ)' means 'delay'. It refers to a situation where something is behind schedule or late. This word is commonly used in contexts involving time, such as transportation, deadlines, or events. For example: The train is delayed「電車が遅れている」(でんしゃがおくれている). There is a delay in the project「プロジェクトに遅れがある」(プロジェクトにおくれがある). It can also be used metaphorically to describe being behind in progress or development, such as '遅れをとる (おくれをとる)' which means 'to fall behind'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6398

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Translate

Reading

Kanji

訳Reason, Translation

Explanation

The Japanese verb '訳す (やくす)' means 'to translate'. It is used when converting text or speech from one language to another. This verb is commonly used in academic, professional, and everyday contexts. For example: I will translate this book「この本を訳します」(このほんをやくします). She translates Japanese into English「彼女は日本語を英語に訳す」(かのじょはにほんごをえいごにやくす). Note that '訳す' is often used with the particle 'を' to indicate the object being translated, as in '日本語を訳す (にほんごをやくす) (translate Japanese)'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6404

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Always

Reading

Kanji

常Usual, Normal

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '常に (つねに)' means 'always'. It is used to indicate that something happens all the time, without exception, or is continuously true. This adverb is often used in formal or written contexts, but can also appear in spoken language. For example: He is always busy「彼は常に忙しい」(かれはつねにいそがしい). We must always strive for improvement「私たちは常に向上を目指さなければならない」(わたしたちはつねにこうじょうをめざさなければならない). Note that '常に' emphasizes a continuous state or action, and is more formal than other similar adverbs like 'いつも'.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6408

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Survive

Reading

Kanji

生Life 残Remainder

Explanation

The Japanese verb '生き残る (いきのこる)' means 'to survive'. It is used to describe the act of remaining alive or continuing to exist after a difficult or dangerous situation. This verb often implies overcoming challenges or enduring hardships. For example: He survived the accident「彼は事故を生き残った」(かれはじこをいきのこった). Only a few species survived the ice age「わずかな種だけが氷河期を生き残った」(わずかなしゅだけがひょうがきをいきのこった). The verb can also be used metaphorically to describe enduring in a competitive environment, such as in business or sports.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6413

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Group

Reading

Kanji

群Group, Flock

Explanation

The Japanese noun '群れ (むれ)' refers to a 'group' or 'flock' of living beings, typically animals or people, gathered together. It is often used to describe a natural gathering, such as a flock of birds or a herd of animals. For example: a flock of birds「鳥の群れ」(とりのむれ). A group of children playing「遊んでいる子供たちの群れ」(あそんでいるこどもたちのむれ). The word emphasizes the collective nature of the gathering, often implying movement or activity as a unit.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6428

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Resentment

Reading

Kanji

恨Grudge

Explanation

The Japanese noun '恨み (うらみ)' means 'resentment'. It refers to a deep-seated feeling of bitterness or anger towards someone due to a perceived wrong or injustice. This word is often used in contexts involving personal grievances or long-held grudges. For example: she felt resentment towards her friend「彼女は友達に恨みを抱いていた」(かのじょはともだちにうらみをいだいていた). His resentment grew over time「彼の恨みは時間とともに強くなった」(かれのうらみはじかんとともにつよくなった). The term can also be used in literary or dramatic contexts to describe intense emotional conflicts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6433

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stock

Reading

Kanji

出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '出し (だし)' refers to a type of soup stock commonly used in Japanese cuisine. It is typically made from ingredients like kombu (kelp), katsuobushi (dried bonito flakes), niboshi (dried sardines), or shiitake mushrooms. Dashi forms the base for many Japanese dishes, such as miso soup, noodle soups, and simmered dishes. For example: I made miso soup with dashi「出しで味噌汁を作りました」(だしでみそしるをつくりました). This dashi is very flavorful「この出しはとても風味があります」(このだしはとてもふうみがあります). Dashi is essential for achieving the umami flavor characteristic of Japanese cooking.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6437

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Echo, Resonance

Reading

Kanji

響Echo, Reverberate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '響き (ひびき)' primarily refers to the concept of 'echo' or 'resonance'. It describes the sound that reverberates or lingers after the original sound has been made. This word can also metaphorically describe the impact or influence of something, such as an event or idea, that continues to affect people or situations. For example: The echo of the bell was beautiful「鐘の響きが美しかった」(かねのひびきがうつくしかった). Her words had a deep resonance「彼女の言葉は深い響きがあった」(かのじょのことばはふかいひびきがあった).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6440

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Retreat

Reading

Kanji

退Retreat

Explanation

The Japanese verb '退く (しりぞく)' means 'to retreat' or 'to withdraw'. It is used to describe the action of moving back or away from a place, situation, or confrontation. This verb can be used in both literal and figurative contexts. For example: The soldiers retreated from the battlefield「兵士たちは戦場から退いた」(へいしたちはせんじょうからしりぞいた). He withdrew from the argument to avoid further conflict「彼はさらなる衝突を避けるために議論から退いた」(かれはさらなるしょうとつをさけるためにぎろんからしりぞいた). The verb can also imply stepping down from a position or role, as in 'He stepped down from his position as manager'「彼はマネージャーの立場から退いた」(かれはマネージャーのたちばからしりぞいた).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6457

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Face

Reading

Kanji

臨Face, Confront

Explanation

The Japanese verb '臨む (のぞむ)' primarily means 'to face' or 'to confront'. It is used to describe situations where one is directly facing or dealing with something, such as a challenge, an event, or a situation. It can also imply being present at or attending an important event. For example: He faced the challenge bravely「彼はその挑戦に臨んだ」(かれはそのちょうせんにのぞんだ). We will attend the meeting「私たちはその会議に臨む」(わたしたちはそのかいぎにのぞむ). The verb can also carry a nuance of approaching something with a certain attitude or mindset, such as facing a situation with determination or seriousness.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6458

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Companion

Reading

Kanji

連Take along

Explanation

The Japanese noun '連れ (つれ)' refers to a companion or someone who accompanies another person. It is often used to describe someone you are with, such as a friend, family member, or partner, in a specific context or situation. For example: She came with her companion「彼女は連れと来た」(かのじょはつれときた). I went to the park with my companion「私は連れと公園に行った」(わたしはつれとこうえんにいった). The word can also imply a sense of togetherness or shared experience. It is commonly used in casual and formal settings alike.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6459

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lasting

Reading

Kanji

長Long, Leader 続Continue

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '長続き (ながつづき)' refers to something that continues or endures for a long time. It is often used to describe relationships, habits, or situations that persist over an extended period. For example: Their relationship lasted a long time「彼らの関係は長続きした」(かれらのかんけいはながつづきした). This diet plan is hard to maintain「このダイエットプランは長続きしにくい」(このダイエットプランはながつづきしにくい). The term emphasizes the idea of continuity and sustainability, often implying a positive connotation when something remains stable or effective over time.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6464

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Surface, Emerge

Reading

Kanji

浮Float 上Up

Explanation

The Japanese verb '浮かび上がる (うかびあがる)' can mean 'to surface' or 'to emerge'. It is often used to describe something physically rising to the surface, such as an object in water, or metaphorically to describe something becoming apparent or clear. For example: the truth emerged「真実が浮かび上がった」(しんじつがうかびあがった). The sunken ship surfaced「沈んだ船が浮かび上がった」(しずんだふねがうかびあがった). This verb can also be used to describe emotions or memories coming to the surface, as in 'memories emerged「記憶が浮かび上がった」(きおくがうかびあがった)'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6475

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mountain climbing

Reading

Kanji

山Mountain 登Ascend

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '山登り (やまのぼり)' refers to the activity of 'mountain climbing'. It is used to describe the act of ascending mountains, often as a recreational or sporting activity. This term can be used in various contexts, such as discussing hobbies, travel plans, or physical activities. For example: I enjoy mountain climbing「私は山登りが好きです」(わたしはやまのぼりがすきです). They went mountain climbing last weekend「彼らは先週末に山登りに行きました」(かれらはせんしゅうまつにやまのぼりにいきました). It is important to note that '山登り' specifically refers to climbing mountains, not just any type of climbing.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6485

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hate

Reading

Kanji

憎Hate

Explanation

The Japanese verb '憎む (にくむ)' means 'to hate'. It is used to express strong dislike or hatred towards someone or something. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as personal relationships, societal issues, or abstract concepts. For example: I hate that person「あの人を憎む」(あのひとをにくむ). He hates injustice「彼は不正を憎む」(かれはふせいをにくむ). It's important to note that '憎む' conveys a deep and intense feeling of hatred, often stronger than other words like '嫌い (きらい)' which can mean 'dislike'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6489

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Strengthen

Reading

Kanji

強Strong

Explanation

The Japanese verb '強める (つよめる)' means 'to strengthen' or 'to make stronger'. It is used to describe the act of increasing the intensity, power, or force of something. This verb can be applied to physical strength, emotional resolve, or even abstract concepts like arguments or policies. For example: We need to strengthen our team「私たちはチームを強める必要がある」(わたしたちはチームをつよめるひつようがある). The government is strengthening its policies「政府は政策を強めている」(せいふはせいさくをつよめている). Note that '強める' is often used in contexts where there is a deliberate effort to enhance or reinforce something.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6497

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Envious

Reading

Kanji

羨Jealousy, Envy

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '羨ましい (うらやましい)' means 'envious'. It is used to express a feeling of envy or jealousy towards someone else's possessions, qualities, or circumstances. This word is often used in social contexts where one person has something that another person desires. For example: I am envious of your new car「あなたの新しい車が羨ましい」(あなたのあたらしいくるまがうらやましい). She is envious of her friend's success「彼女は友達の成功を羨ましいと思っている」(かのじょはともだちのせいこうをうらやましいとおもっている). It is important to note that while '羨ましい' can sometimes carry a negative connotation, it can also be used in a more light-hearted or joking manner among friends.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6508

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Strange

Reading

Kanji

可Possible 笑Laugh

Explanation

The Japanese determiner '可笑しな (おかしな)' means 'strange' or 'odd'. It is used to describe something that is unusual, peculiar, or out of the ordinary. This word often carries a slightly humorous or lighthearted nuance, depending on the context. For example: That's a strange story「それは可笑しな話だ」(それはおかしなはなしだ). He has a strange habit「彼は可笑しな癖がある」(かれはおかしなくせがある). Note that '可笑しな' is typically used before a noun to describe its quality, as in '可笑しな人 (おかしなひと) (strange person)'.

Part Of Speech

determiner

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6509

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Order

Reading

Kanji

命Command, Life

Explanation

The Japanese verb '命じる (めいじる)' means 'to order' or 'to command'. It is used when someone in a position of authority gives a directive or instruction to someone else. This verb often implies a formal or authoritative context, such as in military, workplace, or hierarchical settings. For example: The general ordered the soldiers to advance「将軍は兵士たちに前進するよう命じた」(しょうぐんはへいしたちにぜんしんするようめいじた). The boss commanded the employees to finish the report by tomorrow「上司は従業員に明日までにレポートを終えるよう命じた」(じょうしはじゅうぎょういにんにあしたまでにレポートをおえるようめいじた). Note that '命じる' carries a strong sense of authority and is not typically used in casual or informal situations.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6516

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reading

Reading

Kanji

読Read

Explanation

The Japanese noun '読み (よみ)' refers to the act or process of reading, or the way something is read. It can denote the pronunciation of a word or kanji, or the interpretation of a text. For example: the reading of this kanji is difficult「この漢字の読みは難しい」(このかんじのよみはむずかしい). I enjoy reading books「本を読むのが好きです」(ほんをよむのがすきです). The word can also be used in contexts like fortune-telling, where it refers to the interpretation of signs or omens, as in 'the reading of the cards was accurate'「カードの読みは正確だった」(カードのよみはせいかくだった).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6534

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sale

Reading

Kanji

売Sell

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '売り (うり)' means 'sale' and is used to indicate the act of selling or something being sold. It is often attached to nouns to describe the type of sale or the item being sold. For example: book sale「本売り」(ほんうり). This suffix is commonly used in commercial contexts and can be found in words like '魚売り (さかなうり)' (fish seller) or '野菜売り (やさいうり)' (vegetable seller). It is important to note that '売り' can also imply the act of selling as a profession or trade. For instance: He is a fruit seller「彼は果物売りです」(かれはくだものうりです). The store specializes in flower sales「その店は花売りを専門にしています」(そのみせははなうりをせんもんにしています).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6536

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Workplace

Reading

Kanji

勤Diligence 先Before, Previous

Explanation

The Japanese noun '勤め先 (つとめさき)' refers to the place where someone is employed or works. It is commonly used to describe one's workplace or office. This term is often used in formal or professional contexts. For example: My workplace is in Tokyo「私の勤め先は東京です」(わたしのつとめさきはとうきょうです). He is looking for a new workplace「彼は新しい勤め先を探しています」(かれはあたらしいつとめさきをさがしています). The term emphasizes the location or institution where one is employed, rather than the act of working itself.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6537

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Duty

Reading

Kanji

勤Diligence

Explanation

The Japanese noun '勤め (つとめ)' primarily means 'duty' or 'obligation'. It refers to a task or responsibility that one is expected to fulfill, often in a professional or societal context. This word can also imply a sense of moral or social obligation. For example: It is my duty to help「助けるのは私の勤めです」(たすけるのはわたしのつとめです). He fulfilled his duty「彼は勤めを果たした」(かれはつとめをはたした). Additionally, '勤め' can sometimes refer to one's job or employment, though this usage is less common and context-dependent.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6538

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Duty

Reading

Kanji

務Duty, Task

Explanation

The Japanese noun '務め (つとめ)' refers to a duty, task, or responsibility that one is expected to fulfill. It often implies a sense of obligation or a role that one must perform, whether in a professional, social, or personal context. For example: It is my duty to protect the environment「環境を守るのが私の務めです」(かんきょうをまもるのがわたしのつとめです). His duty is to lead the team「彼の務めはチームを率いることです」(かれのつとめはチームをひきいることです). This word is commonly used in formal or serious contexts to emphasize the importance of fulfilling one's responsibilities.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6539

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Miserable

Reading

Kanji

惨Cruel, Wretched

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '惨め (みじめ)' means 'miserable'. It is used to describe a state of extreme unhappiness, suffering, or pitifulness. This word often conveys a sense of deep emotional distress or a situation that evokes pity. For example: I felt miserable after failing the exam「試験に落ちて惨めだった」(しけんにおちてみじめだった). He looked miserable after losing his job「仕事を失って惨めそうだった」(しごとをうしなってみじめそうだった). The word can also describe situations or conditions that are pitiful or wretched, such as 'a miserable life' (惨めな生活, みじめなせいかつ).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6564

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Compare

Reading

Kanji

見See 比Compare, Ratio

Explanation

The Japanese verb '見比べる (みくらべる)' means 'to compare'. It is used when examining two or more things side by side to identify similarities or differences. This verb often implies a visual comparison, such as comparing images, objects, or written texts. For example: I compared the two paintings「二つの絵を見比べた」(ふたつのえをみくらべた). She compared the prices at different stores「彼女はいくつかの店の値段を見比べた」(かのじょはいくつかのみせのねだんをみくらべた). The verb can also be used metaphorically to compare abstract concepts or ideas.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6567

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Empty, Futile

Reading

Kanji

空Sky, Empty

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '空しい (むなしい)' can mean 'empty' or 'futile', depending on the context. When used to describe something as 'empty', it often refers to a lack of substance or meaning, such as an empty promise or an empty feeling. For example: His words felt empty「彼の言葉は空しかった」(かれのことばはむなしかった). When used to mean 'futile', it describes something that is pointless or without result. For example: All efforts were futile「全ての努力は空しかった」(すべてのどりょくはむなしかった). The nuance of this word often carries a sense of disappointment or sadness, emphasizing the lack of fulfillment or purpose.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6571

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Depend

Reading

Kanji

甘Sweet

Explanation

The Japanese verb '甘える (あまえる)' means 'to depend on' or 'to take advantage of someone's kindness'. It often carries a nuance of seeking affection, indulgence, or special treatment, typically from someone close, like a parent, partner, or friend. It can be used in both positive and negative contexts, depending on the situation. For example: she depends on her mother「彼女は母親に甘える」(かのじょはははおやにあまえる). He took advantage of my kindness「彼は私の優しさに甘えた」(かれはわたしのやさしさにあまえた). The verb is commonly used to describe behavior that seeks emotional or practical support, often in a way that might be seen as childish or endearing.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6575

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Force

Reading

Kanji

強Strong

Explanation

The Japanese verb '強いる (しいる)' means 'to force' or 'to compel'. It is used when someone is made to do something against their will or when a situation imposes a burden or obligation. This verb often carries a nuance of coercion or pressure. For example: He forced me to work overtime「彼は私に残業を強いた」(かれはわたしにざんぎょうをしいた). The circumstances forced her to make a difficult decision「状況が彼女に難しい決断を強いた」(じょうきょうがかのじょにむずかしいけつだんをしいた). Note that this verb is transitive and typically requires an object to indicate what is being forced.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6576

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hair

Reading

Kanji

髪Hair 毛Fur

Explanation

The Japanese noun '髪の毛 (かみのけ)' refers to 'hair' on the head. It is specifically used to describe the strands of hair growing from the scalp. This term is commonly used in everyday conversation and can refer to both human and animal hair. For example: Her hair is long「彼女の髪の毛は長い」(かのじょのかみのけはながい). I washed my hair「髪の毛を洗った」(かみのけをあらった). The term is neutral and can be used in various contexts, such as describing hair length, texture, or condition.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6583

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Scatter

Reading

Kanji

散Scatter

Explanation

The Japanese verb '散る (ちる)' primarily means 'to scatter' or 'to fall and disperse'. It is often used to describe things like petals, leaves, or snow falling and spreading out. For example: cherry blossoms scatter「桜の花が散る」(さくらのはながちる). The snow is scattering「雪が散っている」(ゆきがちっている). This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe things like emotions or attention dispersing. For instance: my concentration scattered「集中力が散った」(しゅうちゅうりょくがちった).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6589

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bend

Reading

Kanji

曲Music, Bend

Explanation

The Japanese verb '曲げる (まげる)' means 'to bend'. It is used to describe the action of physically bending something, such as a piece of metal or a limb, or metaphorically bending rules or principles. For example: bend the wire「針金を曲げる」(はりがねをまげる). He bent the rules to help his friend「彼は友達を助けるためにルールを曲げた」(かれはともだちをたすけるためにルールをまげた). The verb can also imply a sense of distortion or alteration, as in bending the truth '真実を曲げる (しんじつをまげる)'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6590

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Replace, Exchange

Reading

Kanji

取Take 替Replace, Exchange

Explanation

The Japanese verb '取り替える (とりかえる)' means 'to replace' or 'to exchange'. It is used when swapping one thing for another, often because the original item is broken, outdated, or no longer suitable. For example: I replaced the old light bulb「古い電球を取り替えた」(ふるいでんきゅうをとりかえた). They exchanged gifts at the party「パーティーでプレゼントを取り替えた」(パーティーでプレゼントをとりかえた). This verb can also imply a mutual exchange, such as trading items or ideas. Note that '取り替える' is often used in contexts involving physical objects but can also apply to abstract concepts like roles or responsibilities.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6596

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pay for

Reading

Kanji

立Stand 替Replace, Exchange

Explanation

The Japanese verb '立て替える (たてかえる)' means 'to pay for someone else temporarily'. It is used when someone covers a cost on behalf of another person, with the expectation of being reimbursed later. This verb is commonly used in situations like splitting bills, lending money, or covering expenses. For example: I paid for his meal「彼の食事代を立て替えた」(かれのしょくじだいをたてかえた). Can you pay for me this time?「今度立て替えてもらえる？」(こんどたてかえてもらえる？). The verb implies a temporary arrangement and is often followed by discussions about repayment.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6597

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Set, Initiate

Reading

Kanji

仕Serve 掛Set, Hang

Explanation

The Japanese verb '仕掛ける (しかける)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to set' or 'to prepare something in advance', often referring to traps, devices, or mechanisms. For example: he set a trap「彼は罠を仕掛けた」(かれはわなをしかけた). The second meaning is 'to initiate' or 'to start something', such as a conversation or an action. For example: she initiated a conversation「彼女は会話を仕掛けた」(かのじょはかいわをしかけた). The verb can also imply a sense of strategy or planning, depending on the context. It is commonly used in both literal and figurative situations.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6616

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Soak

Reading

Kanji

浸Soak, Immersed

Explanation

The Japanese verb '浸かる (つかる)' means 'to soak' or 'to be immersed'. It is commonly used to describe the action of soaking in a liquid, such as water, often for relaxation or cleaning purposes. For example: I soaked in the hot spring「温泉に浸かった」(おんせんにつかった). The laundry is soaking in the water「洗濯物が水に浸かっている」(せんたくものがみずにつかっている). This verb can also imply being deeply involved or absorbed in something, such as a state of mind or an activity, though this usage is less common. For example: He is immersed in his work「彼は仕事に浸かっている」(かれはしごとにつかっている).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6617

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Turn back

Reading

Kanji

引Pull 返Return

Explanation

The Japanese verb '引き返す (ひきかえす)' means 'to turn back' or 'to return'. It is used when someone or something reverses direction and goes back to a previous location or state. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as physical movement, decisions, or actions. For example: He turned back halfway through the journey「彼は途中で引き返した」(かれはとちゅうでひきかえした). Due to the bad weather, we had to turn back「悪天候のため、引き返さなければならなかった」(あくてんこうのため、ひきかえさなければならなかった). The verb often implies a deliberate decision to go back, rather than simply returning.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6618

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lie

Reading

Kanji

横Sideways

Explanation

The Japanese verb '横たわる (よこたわる)' means 'to lie down' or 'to be lying down'. It is often used to describe a person or object lying horizontally, either on a surface or in a specific position. This verb can also imply a sense of stillness or permanence, such as when describing a body lying in repose. For example: The man lies on the grass「男は草の上に横たわる」(おとこはくさのうえによこたわる). The book lies on the table「本がテーブルの上に横たわっている」(ほんがテーブルのうえによこたわっている). Note that this verb is more formal and less commonly used in everyday conversation compared to '寝る (ねる)' or '横になる (よこになる)', which are more casual ways to express lying down.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6619

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Catch, Arrest

Reading

Kanji

捕Catch

Explanation

The Japanese verb '捕まる (つかまる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to catch' or 'to be caught', often referring to physically grabbing or holding onto something. For example: I caught the ball「ボールを捕まった」(ぼーるをつかまった). The second meaning is 'to be arrested' or 'to get caught' in the context of law enforcement. For example: The thief was arrested「泥棒が捕まった」(どろぼうがつかまった). This verb is commonly used in both literal and figurative contexts, depending on the situation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6621

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Catch

Reading

Kanji

捕Catch

Explanation

The Japanese verb '捕まえる (つかまえる)' means 'to catch'. This verb is used when physically capturing or grabbing something or someone, such as catching a ball, a fish, or even a criminal. It can also be used metaphorically to mean 'to grasp' or 'to seize' an opportunity. For example: I caught a butterfly「蝶を捕まえた」(ちょうをつかまえた). The police caught the thief「警察は泥棒を捕まえた」(けいさつはどろぼうをつかまえた). Note that this verb often implies a sense of effort or struggle in the act of catching.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6622

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Survey, Overlook

Reading

Kanji

見See 渡Cross, Transit

Explanation

The Japanese verb '見渡す (みわたす)' means 'to overlook' or 'to survey'. It is used to describe the action of looking over a wide area or taking in a broad view of something. This verb often implies a sense of observing something comprehensively or from a vantage point. For example: From the hill, I overlooked the entire town「丘から町全体を見渡した」(おかからまちぜんたいをみわたした). She surveyed the room before entering「彼女は部屋を見渡してから入った」(かのじょはへやをみわたしてからはいった). The verb can also be used metaphorically to describe understanding or grasping a situation broadly, as in 'He surveyed the situation calmly'「彼は状況を冷静に見渡した」(かれはじょうきょうをれいせいにみわたした).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6630

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Indicate, Tell

Reading

Kanji

物Thing 語Language, Word

Explanation

The Japanese verb '物語る (ものがたる)' primarily means 'to tell' or 'to narrate', often referring to recounting a story or history. It can also mean 'to indicate' or 'to show', suggesting that something reveals or implies a deeper meaning or truth. For example: The ruins tell the story of an ancient civilization「遺跡は古代文明の物語を物語っている」(いせきはこだいぶんめいのものがたりをものがたっている). His actions indicate his true intentions「彼の行動は彼の本当の意図を物語っている」(かれのこうどうはかれのほんとうのいとをものがたっている). This verb is often used in formal or literary contexts to describe how something conveys a narrative or reveals underlying truths.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6631

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Release

Reading

Kanji

逃Escape

Explanation

The Japanese verb '逃がす (にがす)' primarily means 'to release' or 'to let go'. It is often used when someone intentionally allows something or someone to escape or be freed. For example: I released the bird「鳥を逃がした」(とりをにがした). He let the fish go「彼は魚を逃がした」(かれはさかなをにがした). This verb can also imply a missed opportunity, such as letting a chance slip away. For example: I let the opportunity slip「チャンスを逃がした」(チャンスをにがした). The nuance here is that the action is deliberate, and the subject is allowing something to escape or be lost.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6632

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Escape

Reading

Kanji

逃Escape 道Way

Explanation

The Japanese noun '逃げ道 (にげみち)' literally means 'escape route' or 'way out'. It refers to a path or method that allows someone to escape from a difficult or dangerous situation. This word can be used both literally, such as finding a physical escape route, and figuratively, such as finding a way to avoid responsibility or a tricky situation. For example: He always looks for an escape「彼はいつも逃げ道を探す」(かれはいつもにげみちをさがす). There is no escape from this situation「この状況から逃げ道はない」(このじょうきょうからにげみちはない). The word carries a nuance of seeking a solution or exit, often under pressure.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6634

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mix

Reading

Kanji

混Mix

Explanation

The Japanese verb '混ざる (まざる)' means 'to mix' or 'to be mixed'. It is used when two or more substances, elements, or things are combined or blended together. This verb often implies that the mixing happens naturally or unintentionally. For example: oil and water do not mix「油と水は混ざらない」(あぶらとみずはまざらない). Different colors mixed together「いろんな色が混ざった」(いろんないろがまざった). It can also be used metaphorically, such as when different ideas or cultures blend together. Note that '混ざる' is an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object; the subject itself is what gets mixed.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6638

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rot

Reading

Kanji

腐Rot

Explanation

The Japanese verb '腐る (くさる)' means 'to rot' or 'to decay'. It is used to describe the process of organic matter breaking down, often due to bacterial or fungal activity. This verb can be applied to food, plants, or other organic materials. For example: the fruit rotted「果物が腐った」(くだものがくさった). The fish will rot if left out「魚は放置すると腐る」(さかなはほうちするとくさる). Additionally, '腐る' can be used metaphorically to describe something becoming morally or emotionally corrupt, though this usage is less common. For example: his heart rotted with greed「彼の心は欲望で腐った」(かれのこころはよくぼうでくさった).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6646

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Endure

Reading

Kanji

堪Endure

Explanation

The Japanese verb '堪える (こらえる)' means 'to endure' or 'to hold back'. It is used to describe the act of enduring or tolerating something difficult, such as pain, emotions, or a challenging situation. This verb often implies a sense of self-control or restraint. For example: He endured the pain「彼は痛みを堪えた」(かれはいたみをこらえた). She held back her tears「彼女は涙を堪えた」(かのじょはなみだをこらえた). The verb can also be used in contexts where someone is resisting an urge or impulse, such as holding back laughter or anger. It is important to note that this verb is often used in situations requiring mental or emotional strength.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6647

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Offer

Reading

Kanji

供Accompany, Offer

Explanation

The Japanese verb '供える (そなえる)' means 'to offer' or 'to present'. It is commonly used in the context of offering something, often in a religious or ceremonial setting, such as offering food, flowers, or other items to deities, spirits, or ancestors. For example: They offered flowers to the altar「彼らは祭壇に花を供えた」(かれらはさいだんにはなをそなえた). We offered rice to the gods「私たちは神々に米を供えた」(わたしたちはかみがみにこめをそなえた). The verb carries a respectful and formal tone, often implying a sense of reverence or ritual.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6648

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Involve

Reading

Kanji

携Carry with, Portable

Explanation

The Japanese verb '携わる (たずさわる)' means 'to be involved in' or 'to engage in'. It is used to describe participation or involvement in a specific activity, project, or field. This verb often implies a sense of responsibility or active participation. For example: He is involved in education「彼は教育に携わっている」(かれはきょういくにたずさわっている). She engages in research「彼女は研究に携わっている」(かのじょはけんきゅうにたずさわっている). The verb is typically used in formal or professional contexts, emphasizing a deeper level of involvement rather than casual participation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6649

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Disrupt

Reading

Kanji

乱Disorder, Riot

Explanation

The Japanese verb '乱す (みだす)' means 'to disrupt' or 'to disturb'. It is used to describe the act of causing disorder, confusion, or disruption to something that was previously orderly or organized. This verb can be applied to physical arrangements, plans, emotions, or states of being. For example: The wind disrupted the papers「風が書類を乱した」(かぜがしょるいをみだした). Her words disrupted his peace of mind「彼女の言葉が彼の心の平和を乱した」(かのじょのことばがかれのこころのへいわをみだした). The verb often carries a nuance of negatively affecting something that was stable or harmonious.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6650

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hope

Reading

Kanji

望Hope, Ambition

Explanation

The Japanese noun '望み (のぞみ)' means 'hope'. It refers to a feeling of expectation and desire for a certain thing to happen. This word is often used in contexts where someone is expressing their aspirations or desires for the future. For example: I have hope for the future「未来に望みがある」(みらいにのぞみがある). She lost all hope「彼女はすべての望みを失った」(かのじょはすべてののぞみをうしなった). It can also be used in a more general sense to describe a wish or a desire, such as in the phrase '望みを叶える (のぞみをかなえる)', which means 'to fulfill a wish'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6662

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

End, Runout

Reading

Kanji

尽Exhaust

Explanation

The Japanese verb '尽きる (つきる)' means 'to run out' or 'to come to an end'. It is used to describe the exhaustion or depletion of something, such as resources, time, or patience. It can also imply reaching the limit of something. For example: the food ran out「食べ物が尽きた」(たべものがつきた). My patience has run out「私の忍耐が尽きた」(わたしのにんたいがつきた). This word often carries a sense of finality or inevitability, and it is commonly used in both literal and figurative contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6665

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Deepen

Reading

Kanji

深Deep

Explanation

The Japanese verb '深まる (ふかまる)' means 'to deepen'. It is used to describe a situation, feeling, or relationship becoming more intense, profound, or serious. This verb is often used in contexts where emotions, understanding, or connections grow stronger over time. For example: Their relationship deepened「彼らの関係は深まった」(かれらのかんけいはふかまった). The mystery deepened「謎が深まった」(なぞがふかまった). It can also be used in a more literal sense, such as when describing the deepening of a color or a physical depth, though this is less common. For example: The color of the sky deepened「空の色が深まった」(そらのいろがふかまった).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6667

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Careful

Reading

Kanji

注Pour 意Idea 深Deep

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '注意深い (ちゅういぶかい)' means 'careful'. It describes someone who is attentive, cautious, or meticulous in their actions or observations. This word is often used to praise someone's thoroughness or attention to detail. For example: She is a careful observer「彼女は注意深い観察者だ」(かのじょはちゅういぶかいかんさつしゃだ). He listened carefully to the instructions「彼は注意深く指示を聞いた」(かれはちゅういぶかくしじをきいた). The nuance of '注意深い' emphasizes a deliberate and thoughtful approach, often implying a high level of awareness or consideration.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6668

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Overlook

Reading

Kanji

見See 落Fall

Explanation

The Japanese verb '見落とす (みおとす)' means 'to overlook' or 'to miss something'. It is used when someone fails to notice or consider something, often due to carelessness or inattention. This verb is commonly used in situations where details, errors, or important information are missed. For example: I overlooked the mistake in the report「レポートの間違いを見落とした」(レポートのまちがいをみおとした). He missed the small detail in the painting「彼は絵の小さな詳細を見落とした」(かれはえのちいさなしょうさいをみおとした). The verb can also imply a sense of regret or realization after the fact, as in 'I can't believe I overlooked that!'「それを見落としたなんて信じられない！」(それをみおとしたなんてしんじられない！).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6670

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Restroom, Hand washing

Reading

Kanji

手Hand 洗Wash

Explanation

The Japanese noun '手洗い (てあらい)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'handwashing', which refers to the act of washing one's hands. This is commonly used in contexts related to hygiene, such as before meals or after using the restroom. For example: Please wash your hands「手洗いをしてください」(てあらいをしてください). The second meaning is 'restroom', which refers to a place where one can wash their hands or use the toilet. This usage is more common in public places or establishments. For example: Where is the restroom?「手洗いはどこですか？」(てあらいはどこですか？). It's important to note that the context in which '手洗い' is used will determine which meaning is intended.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6695

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Chill

Reading

Kanji

冷Cold 込Put in, Crowded

Explanation

The Japanese verb '冷え込む (ひえこむ)' means 'to chill' or 'to become cold'. It is often used to describe a sudden drop in temperature, either in the weather or in a person's body. For example: The weather suddenly chilled「急に冷え込んだ」(きゅうにひえこんだ). My body feels chilled「体が冷え込む」(からだがひえこむ). This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe a situation or atmosphere becoming cold or tense. For example: The atmosphere in the room chilled「部屋の雰囲気が冷え込んだ」(へやのふんいきがひえこんだ).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6698

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tease

Reading

Kanji

冷Cold

Explanation

The Japanese verb '冷やかす (ひやかす)' primarily means 'to tease' or 'to make fun of someone in a playful or lighthearted manner'. It is often used in social contexts where someone is joking around or bantering with others. However, it can also carry a nuance of mocking or ridiculing, depending on the tone and context. For example: He teased his friend about his new haircut「彼は友達の新しい髪型を冷やかした」(かれはともだちのあたらしいかみがたをひやかした). The shopkeeper playfully teased the customer「店員は客を冷やかした」(てんいんはきゃくをひやかした). Note that this verb is not used for serious or hurtful teasing, but rather for light-hearted or humorous interactions.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6699

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Face

Reading

Kanji

向Facing, Yonder 合Fit, Match

Explanation

The Japanese verb '向き合う (むきあう)' means 'to face' or 'to confront'. It is used to describe the act of facing someone or something, either physically or emotionally. This verb often implies a sense of directness and engagement, whether it be in a physical confrontation or an emotional challenge. For example: we need to face our problems「私たちは問題に向き合う必要がある」(わたしたちはもんだいにむきあうひつようがある). He faced his opponent bravely「彼は勇敢に相手に向き合った」(かれはゆうかんにあいてにむきあった). The verb can also be used in a more literal sense, such as facing a direction or object.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6710

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Support, Nurture

Reading

Kanji

養Foster

Explanation

The Japanese verb '養う (やしなう)' can mean 'to support' or 'to nurture'. When used in the context of 'support', it often refers to providing for someone financially or materially, such as supporting a family. For example: He supports his family「彼は家族を養っている」(かれはかぞくをやしなっている). In the context of 'nurture', it refers to raising or cultivating something, such as children, animals, or even skills. For example: She nurtures her plants carefully「彼女は植物を丁寧に養っている」(かのじょはしょくぶつをていねいにやしなっている). The verb can also imply fostering or developing something over time, such as habits or relationships.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6711

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lament

Reading

Kanji

嘆Sigh

Explanation

The Japanese verb '嘆く (なげく)' means 'to lament' or 'to grieve'. It is used to express deep sorrow, regret, or disappointment about a situation or event. This verb often conveys a sense of emotional distress or mourning. For example: he lamented the loss of his friend「彼は友人の死を嘆いた」(かれはゆうじんのしをなげいた). She lamented her mistakes「彼女は自分の過ちを嘆いた」(かのじょはじぶんのあやまちをなげいた). The verb can also be used in a broader sense to express dissatisfaction or concern about societal issues, such as: they lamented the state of the world「彼らは世界の状況を嘆いた」(かれらはせかいのじょうきょうをなげいた).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6739

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Swing, Pretense

Reading

Kanji

振Shake, Swing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '振り (ふり)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'pretense', referring to an act or behavior that is intended to deceive or mislead others. For example: she made a pretense of being happy「彼女は幸せな振りをした」(かのじょはしあわせなふりをした). The second meaning is 'swing', referring to the motion of moving something back and forth or side to side. For example: the swing of the pendulum「振り子の振り」(ふりこのふり). It's important to note that the context in which '振り' is used will determine which meaning is intended.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6743

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Secret

Reading

Kanji

密Secret, Dense

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '密か (ひそか)' means 'secret' or 'hidden'. It is used to describe something that is kept private, concealed, or not openly expressed. This word often carries a nuance of something being done quietly or without drawing attention. For example: She has a secret love「彼女は密かな恋をしている」(かのじょはひそかなこいをしている). He secretly supported the project「彼は密かにプロジェクトを支援した」(かれはひそかにぷろじぇくとをしえんした). The word can also imply a sense of subtlety or discretion in actions or feelings.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6745

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Precious

Reading

Kanji

貴Precious

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '貴い (とうとい)' means 'precious' or 'valuable'. It is often used to describe something of high value, importance, or rarity, whether it be physical objects, abstract concepts, or even people. This word carries a sense of reverence or respect. For example: Time is precious「時間は貴い」(じかんはとうとい). This is a precious gift「これは貴い贈り物です」(これはとうといおくりものです). The word can also imply something noble or sacred, as in '貴い使命 (とうといしめい)' (noble mission).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6746

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vividly

Reading

Kanji

生Life

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '生き生き (いきいき)' means 'vividly' or 'lively'. It is used to describe something that is full of life, energy, or vitality. This word often conveys a sense of freshness and dynamism. It can be used to describe people, animals, nature, or even abstract concepts like expressions or performances. For example: she spoke vividly about her trip「彼女は旅行について生き生きと話した」(かのじょはりょこうについていきいきとはなした). The flowers looked lively in the garden「庭の花が生き生きとしていた」(にわのはないきいきとしていた). Note that '生き生き' is often used with the particle 'と' to emphasize the manner of the action.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6748

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Recommendation

Reading

Kanji

勧Urge, Recommend

Explanation

The Japanese noun '勧め (すすめる)' means 'recommendation' or 'advice'. It is used when someone suggests or advises something to another person. This word often implies that the recommendation is made with good intentions, aiming to benefit the recipient. For example: I followed his recommendation「彼の勧めに従った」(かれのすすめにしたがった). She gave me a recommendation to read this book「彼女はこの本を読むように勧めてくれた」(かのじょはこのほんをよむようにすすめてくれた). Note that '勧め' can also be used in formal contexts, such as professional advice or suggestions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6751

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pay, Store

Reading

Kanji

納Settlement

Explanation

The Japanese verb '納める (おさめる)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to pay,' often used in the context of paying taxes, fees, or dues. For example: I paid my taxes「税金を納めた」(ぜいきんをおさめた). The second meaning is 'to store' or 'to put something away,' often used when placing items in a specific location for safekeeping. For example: She stored the books on the shelf「彼女は本を棚に納めた」(かのじょはほんをたなにおさめた). The verb can also imply a sense of completion or fulfillment, such as fulfilling an obligation or storing something properly.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6756

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Expect

Reading

Kanji

思Think 掛Set, Hang

Explanation

The Japanese verb '思い掛ける (おもいがける)' means 'to expect' or 'to anticipate'. It is used when someone has a certain expectation or assumption about a situation or outcome. This verb often carries a nuance of something being unexpected or contrary to what was anticipated. For example: I didn't expect it to rain「雨が降るとは思い掛けなかった」(あめがふるとはおもいがけなかった). He expected the meeting to be short「彼は会議が短いと思い掛けていた」(かれはかいぎがみじかいとおもいがけていた). Note that this verb is less common in modern Japanese and may be replaced by more straightforward terms like '予期する (よきする)' or '期待する (きたいする)' in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6757

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Refuse

Reading

Kanji

拒Repel, Refuse

Explanation

The Japanese verb '拒む (こばむ)' means 'to refuse' or 'to reject'. It is used when someone declines or turns down an offer, request, or situation. This verb often carries a nuance of firmness or determination in the refusal. For example: He refused the offer「彼はその申し出を拒んだ」(かれはそのもうしでをこばんだ). The door refused to open「ドアが開くのを拒んだ」(ドアがあくのをこばんだ). It can also imply resistance or opposition, as in '拒むことのできない事実 (こばむことのできないじじつ) (an undeniable fact)'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6758

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting