Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Frequency of Use

word

Meaning

Iron

Reading

Kanji

鉄Iron

Explanation

The Japanese noun '鉄 (てつ)' refers to the metal 'iron'. It is used in various contexts, from describing the material itself to objects made of iron. For example: This bridge is made of iron「この橋は鉄でできている」(このはしはてつでできている). Iron is strong「鉄は強い」(てつはつよい). The word can also appear in compound nouns, such as '鉄道 (てつどう)' (railway) or '鉄筋 (てっきん)' (reinforcing steel). In Japanese culture, iron has historical significance, often associated with strength and durability.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1901

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Again

Reading

Kanji

改Reform

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '改めて (あらためて)' means 'again' or 'anew'. It is used to indicate that something is being done or considered again, often with a fresh perspective or renewed attention. This word is commonly used in formal or serious contexts, such as when reconsidering a decision or revisiting a topic. For example: I will think about it again「改めて考えます」(あらためてかんがえます). Let's discuss this again「改めて話し合いましょう」(あらためてはなしあいましょう). It can also imply a sense of formality or seriousness, as in '改めてお礼を申し上げます (あらためておれいをもうしあげます) (I would like to express my gratitude again formally).'

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1902

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sukiyaki

Reading

Kanji

焼Burn, Bake

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'すき焼き (すきやき)' refers to a traditional Japanese dish consisting of thinly sliced beef, vegetables, and tofu, cooked in a sweet and savory soy sauce-based broth. It is often enjoyed communally, with diners cooking the ingredients at the table. Example sentences: Let's eat sukiyaki tonight「今夜はすき焼きを食べましょう」(こんやはすきやきをたべましょう). Sukiyaki is a popular dish in Japan「すき焼きは日本で人気のある料理です」(すきやきはにほんでにんきのあるりょうりです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1903

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Crisis

Reading

Kanji

危Dangerous 機Machine, Opportunity

Explanation

The Japanese noun '危機 (きき)' means 'crisis'. It refers to a time of intense difficulty, trouble, or danger, often requiring immediate action or decision. This word is commonly used in contexts such as economic crises, environmental crises, or personal crises. For example: The country is facing an economic crisis「その国は経済危機に直面している」(そのくにはけいざいききにちょくめんしている). We must act quickly to avoid a crisis「危機を避けるために迅速に行動しなければならない」(ききをさけるためにじんそくにこうどうしなければならない). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe a critical turning point or moment of decision.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1904

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Habit, Quirk

Reading

Kanji

癖Habit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '癖 (くせ)' refers to a habit, mannerism, or quirk. It can describe both positive and negative habits, as well as unique or peculiar traits in a person's behavior or appearance. For example: She has a habit of biting her nails「彼女は爪を噛む癖がある」(かのじょはつめをかむくせがある). His quirk is that he always tilts his head when thinking「彼の癖は、考えるときにいつも頭を傾けることだ」(かれのくせは、かんがえるときにいつもあたまをかたむけることだ). The word can also describe a characteristic of objects, such as a 'bend' or 'tendency' in something, like a bent spoon「スプーンに癖がついている」(スプーンにくせがついている).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1905

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

So so

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'まあまあ (まあまあ)' means 'so-so' or 'fairly'. It is used to describe something that is neither particularly good nor particularly bad, but rather average or moderate. This word is often used in casual conversations to express a neutral or lukewarm opinion. For example: The food was so-so「食べ物はまあまあだった」(たべものはまあまあだった). The movie was fairly interesting「映画はまあまあ面白かった」(えいがはまあまあおもしろかった). It can also be used to reassure someone, as in 'まあまあ、落ち着いて (まあまあ、おちついて)' meaning 'Now, now, calm down'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

1906

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Gas

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ガス (gasu)' refers to 'gas', which can mean a substance in a gaseous state, such as natural gas, or a type of fuel used for heating or cooking. It is commonly used in everyday contexts, such as in the kitchen or when discussing energy sources. Example sentences: The gas is leaking「ガスが漏れている」(ガスがもれている). Please turn off the gas「ガスを消してください」(ガスをけしてください). In some contexts, 'ガス' can also refer to gasoline, though this is less common and usually specified as 'ガソリン (gasorin)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

1907

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cheers

Reading

Kanji

乾Dry 杯Cup, Cupfuls

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '乾杯 (かんぱい)' means 'cheers'. It is commonly used during gatherings, parties, or meals to propose a toast before drinking. This word is often accompanied by raising glasses and is a gesture of goodwill, celebration, or camaraderie. Example sentences: Let's make a toast!「乾杯しましょう！」(かんぱいしましょう). Cheers to your success!「あなたの成功に乾杯！」(あなたのせいこうにかんぱい). Note that '乾杯' is typically used in formal or celebratory contexts and is not used casually in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1908

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dry

Reading

Kanji

乾Dry

Explanation

The Japanese verb '乾かす (かわかす)' means 'to dry'. It is used to describe the action of removing moisture from something, such as clothes, hair, or dishes. This verb is transitive, meaning it requires a direct object. For example: I dried the clothes「洗濯物を乾かした」(せんたくものをかわかした). She dried her hair with a towel「彼女はタオルで髪を乾かした」(かのじょはタオルでかみをかわかした). It is important to note that '乾かす' is often used in everyday contexts, such as laundry or personal care, and is distinct from '乾く (かわく)', which is the intransitive form meaning 'to become dry'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1909

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rare

Reading

Kanji

珍Precious, Rare

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '珍しい (めずらしい)' means 'rare' or 'unusual'. It is used to describe something that is uncommon, not often seen, or out of the ordinary. This word can be applied to objects, events, or situations. For example: This is a rare flower「これは珍しい花です」(これはめずらしいはなです). It's rare to see him smile「彼が笑うのは珍しい」(かれがわらうのはめずらしい). The word can also carry a nuance of something being interesting or noteworthy due to its rarity. It is often used in a positive or neutral context, but can sometimes imply something is strange or unexpected.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1910

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sun

Reading

Kanji

太Thick, Fat 陽Sunshine

Explanation

The Japanese noun '太陽 (たいよう)' means 'sun'. It refers to the star at the center of our solar system, which provides light and heat to Earth. This word is commonly used in both scientific and everyday contexts. For example: The sun is bright today「今日の太陽は明るい」(きょうのたいようはあかるい). The sun rises in the east「太陽は東から昇る」(たいようはひがしからのぼる). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something or someone as a source of light or energy, such as in the phrase '彼は私の太陽 (かれはわたしのたいよう)' (He is my sun).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1911

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bullet train

Reading

Kanji

新New 幹Trunk, Main 線Line

Explanation

The Japanese noun '新幹線 (しんかんせん)' refers to the high-speed railway system in Japan, commonly known as the 'bullet train'. It is a network of trains that operate at very high speeds, connecting major cities across Japan. The term is often used to describe the trains themselves, as well as the system as a whole. For example: I took the bullet train to Osaka「新幹線で大阪に行きました」(しんかんせんでおおさかにいきました). The bullet train is very fast「新幹線はとても速いです」(しんかんせんはとてもはやいです). The 新幹線 is a symbol of Japan's technological advancement and efficiency in transportation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1912

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Scarf

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'マフラー (まふらー)' refers to a scarf, specifically a long, thick scarf worn around the neck for warmth during cold weather. It is a loanword from English, derived from 'muffler'. This term is commonly used in everyday conversation, especially during winter. For example: I bought a new scarf「新しいマフラーを買いました」(あたらしいまふらーをかいました). She is wearing a red scarf「彼女は赤いマフラーを着けています」(かのじょはあかいまふらーをつけています). It's important to note that 'マフラー' can also refer to a car's muffler in some contexts, but this usage is less common and typically specified by context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

1913

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wife, Madam

Reading

Kanji

夫Man, Husband 人Person

Explanation

The Japanese noun '夫人 (ふじん)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'wife', specifically referring to someone's wife, often in a formal or respectful context. For example: the president's wife「大統領の夫人」(だいとうりょうのふじん). The second meaning is 'madam', used as a polite or formal way to address or refer to a woman, particularly one of high status. For example: Madam Tanaka is here「田中夫人がいらっしゃいます」(たなかふじんがいらっしゃいます). This term is often used in formal settings or when showing respect.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1914

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mutual

Reading

Kanji

相Mutual 互Mutual

Explanation

The Japanese noun '相互 (そうご)' means 'mutual' or 'reciprocal'. It is used to describe a relationship or action that involves two or more parties affecting each other in a similar way. This term is often used in contexts like mutual understanding, mutual respect, or mutual agreement. For example: mutual understanding「相互理解」(そうごりかい). mutual respect「相互尊重」(そうごそんちょう). It can also be used in more formal or technical contexts, such as in discussions about mutual benefits or mutual agreements between organizations or countries.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1915

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Instant

Reading

Kanji

一One 瞬Blink, Flash

Explanation

The Japanese noun '一瞬 (いっしゅん)' means 'instant' or 'moment'. It refers to an extremely short period of time, often emphasizing how quickly something happens. This word is commonly used to describe fleeting moments or events that occur in a blink of an eye. For example: In an instant, the bird flew away「一瞬で鳥が飛び去った」(いっしゅんでとりがとびさった). I saw it for just a moment「一瞬だけ見えた」(いっしゅんだけみえた). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that feels brief or ephemeral, such as emotions or opportunities.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1916

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pro

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'プロ (ぷろ)' is a loanword derived from the English word 'professional'. It is commonly used to refer to someone who is highly skilled or experienced in a particular field, often as a career. This term is widely used in sports, arts, and other specialized areas. For example: He is a pro golfer「彼はプロのゴルファーです」(かれはぷろのごるふぁーです). She turned pro last year「彼女は去年プロになりました」(かのじょはきょねんぷろになりました). The word can also be used more broadly to describe something of high quality or expertise, such as 'pro-level equipment' (プロレベルの装備).

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

1917

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Accessory

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'アクセサリー (akusesarii)' refers to 'accessory'. This term is commonly used to describe items that complement or enhance an outfit, such as jewelry, bags, belts, or scarves. It can also refer to decorative items that add to the appearance of something, like accessories for a room or a car. For example: She bought a new accessory「彼女は新しいアクセサリーを買った」(かのじょはあたらしいアクセサリーをかった). This bag is a perfect accessory for the dress「このバッグはドレスにぴったりのアクセサリーです」(このバッグはドレスにぴったりのアクセサリーです). The word is borrowed from English and is widely understood in Japanese fashion and design contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

1918

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Leave

Reading

Kanji

去Past

Explanation

The Japanese verb '去る (さる)' means 'to leave' or 'to depart'. It is often used to describe someone or something moving away from a place or situation. This verb can also imply a sense of finality or separation. For example: he left the room「彼は部屋を去った」(かれはへやをさった). The train has departed「電車は去った」(でんしゃはさった). In some contexts, '去る' can also be used metaphorically to describe the passage of time or the end of an era, such as 'the old year has passed「旧年が去った」(きゅうねんがさった)'. Note that this verb is somewhat formal and is often used in written or formal spoken contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1919

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Still

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'じっと' means 'still' or 'motionless'. It is used to describe a state of being completely still, often with focus or patience. It can also imply quietly observing or enduring something without moving or reacting. For example: he stood still「彼はじっと立っていた」(かれはじっとたっていた). She watched quietly「彼女はじっと見つめた」(かのじょはじっとみつめた). The word can also convey a sense of enduring or holding back, as in enduring pain without moving「彼は痛みをじっと我慢した」(かれはいたみをじっとがまんした).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

1920

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Walk

Reading

Kanji

散Scatter 歩Walk

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '散歩 (さんぽ)' means 'walk' or 'stroll'. It refers to the act of walking leisurely, often for relaxation, exercise, or enjoyment. This word is commonly used to describe a casual walk, such as taking a stroll in a park or around the neighborhood. For example: I took a walk in the park「公園で散歩しました」(こうえんでさんぽしました). Let's go for a walk「散歩に行きましょう」(さんぽにいきましょう). It can also be used to describe walking a pet, as in '犬の散歩 (いぬのさんぽ) (walking the dog)'. Note that '散歩' implies a relaxed and unhurried pace, unlike more purposeful walking like commuting or hiking.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1921

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Yawn

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'あくび (akubi)' means 'yawn'. It refers to the involuntary action of opening one's mouth wide and inhaling deeply due to tiredness or boredom. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation to describe the act of yawning or to express feeling sleepy. For example: I couldn't stop yawning during the meeting「会議中にあくびが止まらなかった」(かいぎちゅうにあくびがとまらなかった). She yawned because she was tired「彼女は疲れていたのであくびをした」(かのじょはつかれていたのであくびをした). Note that 'あくび' can also be used metaphorically to describe something boring or uninteresting, as in 'あくびが出るほどつまらない (akubi ga deru hodo tsumaranai)' meaning 'so boring it makes you yawn'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

1922

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Auction

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'オークション (おーくしょん)' is a loanword from English, meaning 'auction'. It refers to a public sale where goods or property are sold to the highest bidder. This term is commonly used in contexts related to art, antiques, online sales, and real estate. For example: I bought this painting at an auction「この絵をオークションで買いました」(このえをおーくしょんでかいました). The auction for the rare stamp will start soon「その珍しい切手のオークションはもうすぐ始まります」(そのめずらしいきってのおーくしょんはもうすぐはじまります). Note that 'オークション' is often used in both formal and informal settings, and it retains the same meaning as its English counterpart.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

1923

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Egg

Reading

Kanji

卵Egg

Explanation

The Japanese noun '卵 (たまご)' refers to an egg, typically a bird's egg, and is commonly used in the context of food. It can refer to eggs in general, including those of chickens, which are widely consumed in Japan. The word is neutral and can be used in various contexts, from cooking to biology. For example: I ate a boiled egg「ゆで卵を食べた」(ゆでたまごをたべた). She bought eggs at the supermarket「彼女はスーパーで卵を買った」(かのじょはスーパーでたまごをかった). Note that '卵' can also metaphorically refer to something in its early stages, such as a plan or idea, but this usage is less common and typically requires additional context to be understood as such.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1924

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Blackboard

Reading

Kanji

黒Black 板Board

Explanation

The Japanese noun '黒板 (こくばん)' refers to a 'blackboard', a flat, typically dark-colored surface used for writing or drawing with chalk, commonly found in classrooms. It is a standard item in educational settings and is used by teachers to write lessons or instructions. Example sentences: The teacher wrote on the blackboard「先生は黒板に書きました」(せんせいはこくばんにかきました). Please clean the blackboard「黒板を消してください」(こくばんをけしてください). The word is composed of the kanji 黒 (くろ) meaning 'black' and 板 (いた) meaning 'board', reflecting its traditional appearance and function.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1925

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bulletin board

Reading

Kanji

掲Hoist, Display, Hold up 示Show, Indicate 板Board

Explanation

The Japanese noun '掲示板 (けいじばん)' refers to a 'bulletin board' or 'notice board'. It is commonly used to describe a physical or digital board where information, announcements, or messages are posted for public viewing. In modern contexts, it often refers to online forums or message boards. For example: I saw the notice on the bulletin board「掲示板にそのお知らせを見ました」(けいじばんにそのおしらせをみました). This online forum is very active「この掲示板はとても活発です」(このけいじばんはとてもかっぱつです). The word is widely used in both physical and digital contexts, making it a versatile term in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1926

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Extremely

Reading

Kanji

極Extreme, Pole

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '極く (ごく)' means 'extremely' or 'very'. It is used to emphasize the degree or intensity of something. This word is often used in formal or written contexts and can modify adjectives or other adverbs. For example: This is extremely important「これは極く重要だ」(これはごくじゅうようだ). The problem is extremely simple「その問題は極く簡単だ」(そのもんだいはごくかんたんだ). Note that '極く' is less common in casual conversation and is typically replaced by words like 'とても' or 'すごく' in everyday speech.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1927

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dry, Parched

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'からから (karakara)' primarily describes something that is extremely dry or parched. It is often used to describe objects, environments, or even a person's throat when they are very thirsty. For example: the desert is dry「砂漠はからからだ」(さばくはからからだ). My throat is parched「喉がからからだ」(のどがからからだ). This word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that lacks moisture or vitality, such as dry humor or a dry conversation. Note that 'からから' is often used in informal contexts and carries a vivid, descriptive tone.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

1928

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Strange

Reading

Kanji

妙Exquisite, Marvelous

Explanation

The Japanese noun '妙 (みょう)' primarily means 'strange' or 'mysterious'. It is often used to describe something that is unusual, peculiar, or beyond ordinary understanding. This word can carry a nuance of something being intriguingly odd or inexplicably fascinating. For example: That's strange「それは妙だ」(それはみょうだ). He has a mysterious power「彼は妙な力を持っている」(かれはみょうなちからをもっている). Additionally, '妙' can sometimes imply a sense of subtlety or finesse, particularly in contexts related to art or skill, though this usage is less common. For example: Her dance has a subtle charm「彼女のダンスは妙な魅力がある」(かのじょのダンスはみょうなみりょくがある).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1929

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Paris

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun 'パリ (pari)' refers to the capital city of France, Paris. This word is a direct borrowing from the French name for the city, adapted to Japanese phonetics. It is commonly used in contexts related to travel, culture, or geography. For example: I want to visit Paris「パリに行きたい」(ぱりにいきたい). Paris is famous for the Eiffel Tower「パリはエッフェル塔で有名です」(ぱりはえっふぇるとうでゆうめいです). Note that 'パリ' is always written in katakana, as it is a foreign loanword.

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Frequency

1930

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Postcard

Reading

Kanji

絵Picture 葉Leaf 書Write

Explanation

The Japanese noun '絵葉書 (えはがき)' refers to a 'postcard', specifically one that features a picture or illustration, often used for sending messages or greetings. This term combines '絵 (え)' meaning 'picture' and '葉書 (はがき)' meaning 'postcard'. It is commonly used in contexts where people send illustrated postcards from travel destinations or special occasions. For example: I bought a postcard at the museum「博物館で絵葉書を買いました」(はくぶつかんでえはがきをかいました). She sent me a beautiful postcard from Kyoto「彼女は京都からきれいな絵葉書を送ってくれました」(かのじょはきょうとからきれいなえはがきをおくってくれました).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1931

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Distant

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun 'はるか (haruka)' primarily means 'distant'. It is used to describe something that is far away in terms of physical distance, time, or even metaphorically in terms of degree or extent. This word can be used to describe a faraway place, a long time ago, or a significant difference in level or quality. For example: The mountains are far in the distance「山ははるか遠くにある」(やまははるかとおくにある). That happened a long time ago「それははるか昔のことだ」(それははるかむかしのことだ). There is a big difference between them「彼らのはるかな違いがある」(かれらのはるかなちがいがある). Note that 'はるか' can also be used as an adverb, modifying verbs or adjectives to indicate a large degree or extent, as in 'はるかに大きい (haruka ni ookii)' meaning 'much larger'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Frequency

1932

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Star

Reading

Kanji

星Star

Explanation

The Japanese noun '星 (ほし)' means 'star'. It refers to celestial bodies visible in the night sky, such as stars in space. It can also be used metaphorically to describe someone who is a 'star' in the sense of being famous or outstanding. For example: The stars are beautiful tonight「今夜の星はきれいだ」(こんやのほしはきれいだ). She is a star in the music industry「彼女は音楽界の星だ」(かのじょはおんがくかいのほしだ). The word is commonly used in both literal and figurative contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1933

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Aimlessly, Dizzy

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'ふらふら (ふらふら)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'dizzy', which describes a physical state of unsteadiness or lightheadedness. For example: I feel dizzy「ふらふらする」(ふらふらする). The second meaning is 'aimlessly', which describes moving or acting without a clear purpose or direction. For example: He walked around aimlessly「彼はふらふら歩き回った」(かれはふらふらあるきまわった). The word can also imply a lack of focus or indecisiveness, such as in: She was wandering aimlessly through the store「彼女は店の中をふらふら歩いていた」(かのじょはみせのなかをふらふらあるいていた). The nuance of 'ふらふら' often conveys a sense of instability or lack of control, whether physical or mental.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

1934

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Church

Reading

Kanji

教Teach 会Meet

Explanation

The Japanese noun '教会 (きょうかい)' means 'church'. It refers to a place of worship for Christians, where religious services and ceremonies are held. This word is commonly used to describe both the physical building and the institution itself. For example: I went to the church「教会に行きました」(きょうかいにいきました). The church is beautiful「その教会は美しい」(そのきょうかいはうつくしい). It can also be used metaphorically to describe a community or congregation, as in '教会のメンバー (きょうかいのメンバー) (church members)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1935

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Disposal

Reading

Kanji

処Deal with 分Minute, Part

Explanation

The Japanese noun '処分 (しょぶん)' primarily means 'disposal'. It refers to the act of getting rid of something, often in the context of waste, unwanted items, or even abstract matters like responsibilities. For example: disposal of garbage「ゴミの処分」(ごみのしょぶん). The company decided on the disposal of old equipment「会社は古い設備の処分を決めた」(かいしゃはふるいせつびのしょぶんをきめた). In some contexts, it can also imply handling or dealing with a situation, but the core meaning revolves around the concept of disposal.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1936

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Turn, Pass

Reading

Kanji

回Revolve, Times

Explanation

The Japanese verb '回す (まわす)' primarily means 'to turn' or 'to rotate' something, such as turning a knob or rotating an object. It can also mean 'to pass' something around, like passing a document or an item to someone else. For example: turn the handle「ハンドルを回す」(ハンドルをまわす). Please pass the salt「塩を回してください」(しおをまわしてください). This verb is versatile and can be used in various contexts, both literal and figurative, to indicate the action of turning or passing.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1937

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Spread, Diffusion

Reading

Kanji

普Universal, Widespread 及Reach, Extend

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '普及 (ふきゅう)' refers to the act of spreading or diffusing something widely, such as information, technology, or ideas. It is often used in contexts where something becomes widely adopted or accepted. For example: The spread of smartphones has changed our lives「スマートフォンの普及は私たちの生活を変えた」(すまーとふぉんのふきゅうはわたしたちのせいかつをかえた). The government is promoting the diffusion of renewable energy「政府は再生可能エネルギーの普及を推進している」(せいふはさいせいかのうえねるぎーのふきゅうをすいしんしている). Note that '普及' is often used in formal or technical contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1938

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lonely

Reading

Kanji

寂Quietly, Lonely

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '寂しい (さびしい)' primarily means 'lonely' or 'lonesome'. It is used to describe a feeling of sadness due to a lack of companionship or a sense of emptiness. This word can also convey a sense of desolation or melancholy, often in relation to places or situations that feel abandoned or quiet. For example: I feel lonely without you「あなたがいなくて寂しい」(あなたがいなくてさびしい). The town was lonely after everyone left「みんなが去った後、町は寂しかった」(みんながさったあと、まちはさびしかった). Note that '寂しい' can sometimes imply a nostalgic longing or a wistful feeling, adding depth to its emotional context.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1939

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Occupation

Reading

Kanji

職Employment 業Business

Explanation

The Japanese noun '職業 (しょくぎょう)' means 'occupation' or 'profession'. It refers to a person's job or the type of work they do to earn a living. This word is commonly used in formal or everyday contexts to discuss careers, employment, or vocational topics. For example: What is your occupation?「あなたの職業は何ですか？」(あなたのしょくぎょうはなんですか？). Teaching is a rewarding occupation「教えることはやりがいのある職業です」(おしえることはやりがいのあるしょくぎょうです). The word can also be used in broader contexts, such as discussing career choices or societal roles.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1940

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Spill

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'こぼす' means 'to spill'. It is used when referring to accidentally letting a liquid or granular substance fall out of a container. This verb can also be used metaphorically to express the idea of revealing or letting out emotions or secrets. For example: I spilled the milk「牛乳をこぼした」(ぎゅうにゅうをこぼした). He spilled his feelings「彼は感情をこぼした」(かれはかんじょうをこぼした). It's important to note that 'こぼす' is a transitive verb, meaning it requires a direct object to indicate what is being spilled.

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

1941

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Childcare

Reading

Kanji

保Preserve 育Raise, Grow

Explanation

The Japanese noun '保育 (ほいく)' refers to the care and education of young children, typically in a nursery or preschool setting. It encompasses activities and services aimed at nurturing and developing children during their early years. For example: She works in childcare「彼女は保育の仕事をしています」(かのじょはほいくのしごとをしています). The nursery provides excellent childcare「その保育園は素晴らしい保育を提供しています」(そのほいくえんはすばらしいほいくをていきょうしています). This term is often associated with professional childcare services and institutions like '保育園 (ほいくえん)' (nursery school).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1942

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Universe

Reading

Kanji

宇Eaves, Universe 宙Midair

Explanation

The Japanese noun '宇宙 (うちゅう)' means 'universe'. It refers to the entirety of space, including all matter, energy, planets, stars, galaxies, and the contents of intergalactic space. This word is often used in scientific, philosophical, and everyday contexts to describe the vast expanse of the cosmos. For example: the universe is infinite「宇宙は無限だ」(うちゅうはむげんだ). I want to explore the universe「宇宙を探検したい」(うちゅうをたんけんしたい). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something vast or boundless, such as 'a universe of possibilities'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1943

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Aunt

Reading

Kanji

伯Chief, Older sibling of parent 母Mother

Explanation

The Japanese noun '伯母 (おば)' refers to one's aunt, specifically the sister of one's parent. It is used to denote a familial relationship and is a respectful term. The term can be used for both the father's and mother's sisters, but it is important to note that in Japanese, there are different terms for older and younger aunts, with '伯母 (おば)' typically referring to an older aunt. For example: My aunt is coming to visit「私の伯母が訪ねてきます」(わたしのおばがたずねてきます). She is my father's older sister「彼女は私の父の伯母です」(かのじょはわたしのちちのおばです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1944

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lunch

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ランチ (ranchi)' refers to 'lunch', specifically a midday meal. It is a loanword from English and is commonly used in casual and formal settings. This term is often associated with set meals or lunch specials at restaurants. For example: Let's have lunch together「一緒にランチを食べましょう」(いっしょにランチをたべましょう). I had a delicious lunch today「今日は美味しいランチを食べました」(きょうはおいしいランチをたべました). The word is widely understood and used in everyday conversation, especially in urban areas.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

1945

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Park

Reading

Kanji

公Public 園Garden

Explanation

The Japanese noun '公園 (こうえん)' means 'park'. It refers to a public area of land with grass, trees, and often playgrounds or walking paths, where people can relax, play, or enjoy nature. This word is commonly used to describe urban parks, national parks, or any designated recreational area. For example: Let's go to the park「公園に行きましょう」(こうえんにいきましょう). The park is beautiful in spring「公園は春に美しい」(こうえんははるにうつくしい). It can also be used in compound words like '動物公園 (どうぶつこうえん)' (zoo) or '国立公園 (こくりつこうえん)' (national park).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1946

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exclude

Reading

Kanji

除Exclude, Remove

Explanation

The Japanese verb '除く (のぞく)' primarily means 'to exclude' or 'to remove'. It is used to indicate that something or someone is being left out or omitted from a group, list, or consideration. For example: Please exclude him from the list「彼をリストから除いてください」(かれをリストからのぞいてください). This rule applies to everyone, excluding children「このルールは子供を除いて全員に適用されます」(このルールはこどもをのぞいてぜんいんにてきようされます). Additionally, '除く' can sometimes imply 'except for' or 'apart from', as in: All members, excluding the president, attended the meeting「会長を除いて全員が会議に出席しました」(かいちょうをのぞいてぜんいんがかいぎにしゅっせきしました).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1947

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Younger sister

Reading

Kanji

妹Younger sister

Explanation

The Japanese noun '妹 (いもうと)' specifically refers to a younger sister. It is used to describe a female sibling who is younger than the speaker. This term is commonly used in family contexts and is gender-specific. For example: my younger sister is kind「私の妹は優しい」(わたしのいもうとはやさしい). I have a younger sister「私は妹がいます」(わたしはいもうとがいます). Note that '妹' is only used for younger sisters; for older sisters, the term '姉 (あね)' is used.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1948

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Health

Reading

Kanji

健Healthy 康Healthy, Peaceful

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '健康 (けんこう)' means 'health'. It refers to the state of being physically and mentally well. It is often used to describe a person's condition or lifestyle. For example: maintaining good health is important「健康を保つことは大切です」(けんこうをたもつことはたいせつです). She is in good health「彼女は健康です」(かのじょはけんこうです). This word can also be used in compound nouns, such as '健康診断 (けんこうしんだん)' (health checkup).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1949

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Skin

Reading

Kanji

肌Skin

Explanation

The Japanese noun '肌 (はだ)' refers to the skin of a person or animal. It is commonly used to describe the surface of the body, including its texture, condition, or appearance. For example: Her skin is smooth「彼女の肌は滑らかだ」(かのじょのはだはなめらかだ). My skin gets dry in winter「冬になると肌が乾燥する」(ふゆになるとはだがかんそうする). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe the surface or texture of objects, such as the 'skin' of a fruit or fabric. For instance: The skin of this peach is soft「この桃の肌は柔らかい」(このもものはだはやわらかい).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1950

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Receipt

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'レシート (reshiito)' means 'receipt'. This word is used to refer to a piece of paper or digital record that confirms a transaction, such as a purchase at a store or a payment made. It is commonly used in everyday situations, such as shopping or dining out. For example: I lost my receipt「レシートをなくしました」(れしーとをなくしました). Can I have a receipt?「レシートをもらえますか？」(れしーとをもらえますか？). The word 'レシート' is a loanword from English, and it is widely understood in Japan due to its frequent use in commercial transactions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

1951

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Situation

Reading

Kanji

事Thing 態Appearance, Condition

Explanation

The Japanese noun '事態 (じたい)' refers to a 'situation' or 'state of affairs', often implying a critical, serious, or unexpected condition. It is commonly used to describe circumstances that require attention or action. For example: The situation is serious「事態は深刻だ」(じたいはしんこくだ). We must respond to this situation「この事態に対応しなければならない」(このじたいにたいおうしなければならない). The word is often used in formal or news contexts to describe events or developments that have significant implications.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1952

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mansion

Reading

Kanji

屋Shop, Roof 敷Spread, Lay

Explanation

The Japanese noun '屋敷 (やしき)' refers to a large, often luxurious residence or estate, typically associated with wealth or nobility. It can also imply a historical or traditional property. This word is commonly used to describe grand homes or estates, often with significant land. For example: that mansion is beautiful「あの屋敷は美しい」(あのやしきはうつくしい). The old mansion has a large garden「古い屋敷には大きな庭がある」(ふるいやしきにはおおきなにわがある). The term can also carry a sense of historical or cultural significance, as many '屋敷' are preserved as landmarks.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1953

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Year after next

Reading

Kanji

再Again, Twice 来Come 年Year

Explanation

The Japanese noun '再来年 (さらいねん)' refers to 'the year after next'. It is used to indicate a time two years from the current year. This term is commonly used in planning or discussing future events that are not immediate but still within a relatively near timeframe. For example: I will graduate the year after next「再来年に卒業します」(さらいねんにそつぎょうします). We are planning to move the year after next「再来年に引っ越す予定です」(さらいねんにひっこすよていです). Note that '再来年' is a specific term and should not be confused with '来年 (らいねん)', which means 'next year'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1954

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Woman

Reading

Kanji

婦Lady

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '婦 (ふ)' is used to denote a woman, often in a formal or respectful context. It is commonly appended to other words to specify a type of woman, such as in professional or social roles. For example: a housewife「主婦」(しゅふ). a nurse「看護婦」(かんごふ). It's important to note that while '婦' is traditionally used, some terms are being updated to more gender-neutral language, such as '看護師' (かんごし) for nurse, replacing '看護婦'.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1955

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Chalk

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'チョーク' refers to 'chalk', a writing instrument used primarily on blackboards or chalkboards. It is commonly used in educational settings, such as schools, for writing or drawing. For example: The teacher wrote with chalk「先生はチョークで書いた」(せんせいはチョークでかいた). Please pass me the chalk「チョークを取ってください」(チョークをとってください). The word is a loanword from English, and its usage is straightforward, referring specifically to the physical object used for writing.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

1956

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

As expected

Reading

Kanji

流Flow 石Stone

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '流石 (さすが)' is used to express admiration or acknowledgment of someone's abilities, qualities, or actions, often implying that the outcome is as expected given their reputation or skill. It carries a nuance of respect and sometimes surprise. For example: As expected of you, you solved it quickly「さすがあなた、すぐに解決しましたね」(さすがあなた、すぐにかいけつしましたね). As expected of a professional, the work is flawless「さすがプロ、仕事が完璧だ」(さすがぷろ、しごとがかんぺきだ). Note that 'さすが' is often used in positive contexts to highlight someone's excellence or to acknowledge their efforts.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1957

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Grow

Reading

Kanji

育Raise, Grow

Explanation

The Japanese verb '育つ (そだつ)' means 'to grow' or 'to be raised'. It is used to describe the natural process of growth, development, or maturation of living things, such as plants, animals, or people. It can also refer to being raised or brought up in a particular environment. For example: The plants grew well「植物がよく育った」(しょくぶつがよくそだった). He grew up in the countryside「彼は田舎で育った」(かれはいなかでそだった). This verb often implies a natural or gradual process of development over time.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1958

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Month after next

Reading

Kanji

再Again, Twice 来Come 月Moon, Month

Explanation

The Japanese noun '再来月 (さらいげつ)' refers to 'the month after next'. It is used to indicate a time two months ahead from the current month. This term is particularly useful in planning and scheduling contexts. For example: I will travel to Japan the month after next「再来月に日本へ旅行します」(さらいげつににほんへりょこうします). The meeting is scheduled for the month after next「会議は再来月に予定されています」(かいぎはさらいげつによていされています). It's important to note that '再来月' is a specific time reference and should not be confused with '来月 (らいげつ)', which means 'next month'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1959

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Week after next

Reading

Kanji

再Again, Twice 来Come 週Week

Explanation

The Japanese noun '再来週 (さらいしゅう)' refers to 'the week after next'. It is used to indicate a time two weeks from the current week. This term is commonly used in scheduling, planning, or discussing future events. For example: I will visit my grandparents the week after next「再来週に祖父母を訪ねます」(さらいしゅうにそふぼをおとずれます). The meeting is scheduled for the week after next「会議は再来週に予定されています」(かいぎはさらいしゅうによていされています). Note that '再来週' is a specific time expression and should not be confused with '来週 (らいしゅう)', which means 'next week'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1960

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cold

Reading

Kanji

寒Cold

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '寒い (さむい)' means 'cold'. It is primarily used to describe weather or a physical sensation of coldness. For example: It's cold today「今日は寒い」(きょうはさむい). I feel cold「寒いです」(さむいです). This word is often used to describe the temperature of the environment or how a person feels due to low temperatures. It can also be used metaphorically to describe a situation or atmosphere that feels emotionally cold or unwelcoming, though this usage is less common. For example: The room felt cold「部屋が寒い感じがした」(へやがさむいかんじがした).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1961

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cold

Reading

Kanji

冷Cold

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '冷たい (つめたい)' primarily means 'cold' and is used to describe something that has a low temperature, such as cold water or cold weather. It can also describe a person's attitude or behavior as being emotionally cold or distant. For example: The water is cold「水が冷たい」(みずがつめたい). She gave me a cold look「彼女は冷たい目をした」(かのじょはつめたいめをした). This word is commonly used in everyday conversations to describe both physical and emotional coldness.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1962

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Job, Profession

Reading

Kanji

職Employment

Explanation

The Japanese noun '職 (しょく)' refers to one's job, occupation, or profession. It is commonly used to describe the type of work someone does or their role in a workplace. For example: I am looking for a new job「新しい職を探しています」(あたらしいしょくをさがしています). His profession is a teacher「彼の職は教師です」(かれのしょくはきょうしです). The word can also be used in compound words, such as '転職 (てんしょく)' (changing jobs) or '職業 (しょくぎょう)' (occupation). It is important to note that '職' often carries a formal tone and is typically used in professional or official contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1963

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Broadcast

Reading

Kanji

放Release 送Send

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '放送 (ほうそう)' means 'broadcast'. It refers to the transmission of audio or video content to a wide audience via radio, television, or other media platforms. This word is commonly used in contexts related to media, entertainment, and communication. For example: The news will be broadcast at 7 PM「ニュースは7時に放送されます」(ニュースはしちじにほうそうされます). I watched a live broadcast of the concert「コンサートの生放送を見ました」(コンサートのなまほうそうをみました). The term can also be used metaphorically to describe the dissemination of information or ideas.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1964

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tissue

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ティッシュ (tisshu)' refers to a 'tissue', typically the kind used for personal hygiene, such as facial tissues or paper handkerchiefs. This word is a loanword from English, and it is commonly used in everyday situations, especially when referring to tissues used for blowing one's nose or cleaning up small spills. For example: Can you pass me a tissue?「ティッシュを取ってくれますか？」(てぃっしゅをとってくれますか？). I always carry tissues in my bag「私はいつもバッグにティッシュを持っています」(わたしはいつもばっぐにてぃっしゅをもっています). Note that 'ティッシュ' is often used in casual conversation, and it is understood by most Japanese speakers.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

1965

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Okurigana

Reading

Kanji

送Send 仮Temporary 名Name

Explanation

The Japanese noun '送り仮名 (おくりがな)' refers to the kana (hiragana) suffixes that follow kanji in Japanese writing. These kana are used to indicate the inflection of verbs and adjectives, as well as to clarify the reading of kanji. For example, in the verb '食べる (たべる)', the 'べる' part is the okurigana that follows the kanji '食'. Another example is the adjective '高い (たかい)', where 'かい' is the okurigana following the kanji '高'. Okurigana are essential for understanding the correct pronunciation and meaning of words in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1966

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Finish

Reading

Kanji

終End

Explanation

The Japanese verb '終える (おえる)' means 'to finish' or 'to complete'. It is used to indicate the completion of an action, task, or event. This verb is often used in contexts where something has been brought to an end, such as finishing work, a meal, or a project. For example: I finished my homework「宿題を終えた」(しゅくだいをおえた). She finished the meeting「彼女は会議を終えた」(かのじょはかいぎをおえた). Note that '終える' is a transitive verb, meaning it requires a direct object to indicate what is being finished. It is distinct from '終わる (おわる)', which is an intransitive verb meaning 'to end' or 'to be over'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1967

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mirror

Reading

Kanji

鏡Mirror

Explanation

The Japanese noun '鏡 (かがみ)' means 'mirror'. It refers to a reflective surface, typically made of glass with a metallic backing, used to see one's reflection. This word is commonly used in everyday contexts, such as looking at oneself or decorating a room. For example: I looked in the mirror「鏡を見た」(かがみをみた). The mirror is broken「鏡が壊れている」(かがみがこわれている). In Japanese culture, mirrors also hold symbolic significance, often representing truth or self-reflection.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1968

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Grieve

Reading

Kanji

悲Sad

Explanation

The Japanese verb '悲しむ (かなしむ)' means 'to grieve' or 'to feel sorrow'. It is used to express deep sadness or mourning, often in response to a loss or unfortunate event. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as personal grief or empathy for others. For example: She grieved over her lost dog「彼女は亡くなった犬を悲しんだ」(かのじょはなくなったいぬをかなしんだ). We grieve for the victims of the disaster「私たちは災害の犠牲者を悲しむ」(わたしたちはさいがいのぎせいしゃをかなしむ). The verb can also be used in a more general sense to describe feeling sorrow or sadness about a situation, as in 'He grieved over his failure'「彼は自分の失敗を悲しんだ」(かれはじぶんのしっぱいをかなしんだ).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1969

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Merely

Reading

Kanji

単Simple, Single

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '単に (たんに)' means 'merely' or 'simply'. It is used to indicate that something is done or exists in a straightforward, uncomplicated manner, without any additional factors or complexities. It often emphasizes the simplicity or minimal nature of an action or state. For example: He is merely a student「彼は単に学生です」(かれはたんにがくせいです). This is simply a misunderstanding「これは単に誤解です」(これはたんにごかいです). The word can also be used to downplay the significance of something, as in '単に興味があるだけ (たんにきょうみがあるだけ) (I am merely interested).'

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1970

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Knock

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'ノック (nokku)' means 'knock'. It refers to the action of striking a surface, typically a door, to announce one's presence or to gain entry. This term is often used in everyday situations, such as when visiting someone's home or office. For example: Please knock before entering「入る前にノックしてください」(はいるまえにノックしてください). I heard a knock at the door「ドアのノックが聞こえた」(ドアのノックがきこえた). Additionally, 'ノック' can also be used in sports contexts, such as baseball, to refer to practice hitting, but this usage is less common in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

1971

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Most

Reading

Kanji

最Most

Explanation

The Japanese noun '最 (さい)' means 'most' and is often used as a prefix to indicate the highest degree or extreme of something. It is commonly used in compound words to emphasize the superlative form. For example: the most important「最重要」(さいじゅうよう). The best「最良」(さいりょう). It can also be used in phrases like 'the most beautiful'「最も美しい」(もっともうつくしい). Note that '最' is rarely used alone and is typically part of a compound word or phrase to convey the idea of being the utmost or extreme in a particular context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1972

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Remove, Miss

Reading

Kanji

外Outside

Explanation

The Japanese verb '外す (はずす)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to remove' or 'to take off', often used when detaching or separating something from its usual position. For example: he removed his glasses「彼はメガネを外した」(かれはめがねをはずした). The second meaning is 'to miss', as in failing to hit a target or missing an opportunity. For example: I missed the train「電車を外した」(でんしゃをはずした). This verb is versatile and can be used in both literal and figurative contexts. It is important to note that the meaning depends heavily on the context of the sentence.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1973

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Art museum

Reading

Kanji

美Beautiful 術Art, Technique 館Building

Explanation

The Japanese noun '美術館 (びじゅつかん)' means 'art museum'. It refers to a facility or institution where works of art, such as paintings, sculptures, and other visual arts, are displayed for public viewing. This word is commonly used when discussing cultural activities, tourism, or education. For example: Let's go to the art museum「美術館に行きましょう」(びじゅつかんにいきましょう). The art museum is closed today「美術館は今日休みです」(びじゅつかんはきょうやすみです). The word is often used in contexts related to appreciating or studying art.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1974

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

India

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun 'インド (いんど)' refers to the country 'India'. It is used in contexts discussing geography, culture, or anything related to India. For example: I want to visit India「インドに行きたい」(いんどにいきたい). Indian food is spicy「インド料理は辛い」(いんどりょうりはからい). The word is written in katakana, which is typically used for foreign loanwords and proper nouns in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Frequency

1975

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bill, Accounting

Reading

Kanji

会Meet 計Measure, Plan

Explanation

The Japanese noun '会計 (かいけい)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'accounting', which refers to the systematic recording, reporting, and analysis of financial transactions. For example: I work in accounting「私は会計の仕事をしています」(わたしはかいけいのしごとをしています). The second meaning is 'bill', referring to the amount of money owed for goods or services, especially in a restaurant or store. For example: Can I have the bill, please?「会計をお願いします」(かいけいをおねがいします). The context usually makes it clear which meaning is intended.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1976

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lips

Reading

Kanji

唇Lips, Lip

Explanation

The Japanese noun '唇 (くちびる)' refers to the 'lips', the soft, movable parts forming the opening of the mouth. This word is commonly used in both everyday conversation and literature to describe the physical feature or to express emotions metaphorically. For example: Her lips are red「彼女の唇は赤い」(かのじょのくちびるはあかい). He bit his lips nervously「彼は緊張して唇を噛んだ」(かれはきんちょうしてくちびるをかんだ). The word can also appear in idiomatic expressions or poetic contexts, emphasizing beauty, emotion, or communication.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1977

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Industry

Reading

Kanji

工Construction 業Business

Explanation

The Japanese noun '工業 (こうぎょう)' refers to 'industry', specifically the sector involved in the production of goods using machinery and factories. It is often used in contexts discussing manufacturing, technology, and economic activities. For example: Japan is known for its advanced industry「日本は先進的な工業で知られている」(にほんはせんしんてきなこうぎょうでしられている). The city developed rapidly due to its thriving industry「その都市は繁栄する工業のおかげで急速に発展した」(そのとしははんえいするこうぎょうのおかげできゅうそくにはってんした). This term is distinct from '農業 (のうぎょう)' (agriculture) and '商業 (しょうぎょう)' (commerce), which refer to other sectors of the economy.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1978

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Beauty salon

Reading

Kanji

美Beautiful 容Contain, Looks 院Institution

Explanation

The Japanese noun '美容院 (びよういん)' refers to a 'beauty salon' or 'hair salon'. This term is specifically used for establishments that offer hair styling, cutting, and other beauty treatments. It is distinct from '床屋 (とこや)', which refers to a traditional barber shop. For example: I went to the beauty salon yesterday「昨日、美容院に行きました」(きのう、びよういんにいきました). She works at a beauty salon「彼女は美容院で働いています」(かのじょはびよういんではたらいています). The word is commonly used in everyday conversation when discussing personal grooming or beauty routines.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1979

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Museum

Reading

Kanji

博Extensive, Doctor 物Thing 館Building

Explanation

The Japanese noun '博物館 (はくぶつかん)' means 'museum'. It refers to a place where objects of historical, scientific, artistic, or cultural significance are stored and exhibited for public viewing. This word is commonly used in contexts related to education, tourism, and cultural activities. For example: I went to the museum yesterday「昨日、博物館に行きました」(きのう、はくぶつかんにいきました). The museum has many interesting exhibits「その博物館には面白い展示がたくさんあります」(そのはくぶつかんにはおもしろいてんじがたくさんあります). The word is often paired with specific types of museums, such as 'art museum' (美術館, びじゅつかん) or 'science museum' (科学博物館, かがくはくぶつかん).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1980

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Premise

Reading

Kanji

前Before, Front 提Present, Submit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '前提 (ぜんてい)' means 'premise'. It refers to a statement or idea that forms the basis for a theory, argument, or conclusion. It is often used in logical, philosophical, or practical discussions to establish a foundational assumption. For example: The premise of the argument is flawed「その議論の前提は間違っている」(そのぎろんのぜんていはまちがっている). Without this premise, the theory falls apart「この前提なしでは、その理論は成り立たない」(このぜんていなしでは、そのりろんはなりたたない). The word can also be used in everyday contexts to refer to assumptions or conditions that must be met before proceeding with something.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1981

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Holding

Reading

Kanji

開Open 催Hold an event, Sponsor

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '開催 (かいさい)' means 'holding' or 'holding an event'. It is commonly used to describe the act of organizing or conducting events, such as meetings, conferences, festivals, or competitions. For example: The festival will be held next week「来週、祭りが開催されます」(らいしゅう、まつりがかいさいされます). The conference was held in Tokyo「会議は東京で開催されました」(かいぎはとうきょうでかいさいされました). This term is often used in formal or official contexts to announce or describe events.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1982

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Suddenly

Reading

Kanji

行Go 成Become

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '行成 (いきなり)' means 'suddenly' or 'all of a sudden'. It is used to describe an action or event that occurs without warning or preparation. This word is often used in casual conversation and can carry a nuance of surprise or abruptness. For example: He suddenly started running「彼はいきなり走り出した」(かれはいきなりはしりだした). She suddenly cried「彼女はいきなり泣き出した」(かのじょはいきなりなきだした). Note that 'いきなり' is typically used in situations where the action is unexpected or immediate, and it is not used to describe gradual changes.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1983

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Qualification

Reading

Kanji

資Capital, Resources 格Status

Explanation

The Japanese noun '資格 (しかく)' refers to a qualification, certification, or eligibility for something. It is often used in contexts related to professional or academic credentials, such as licenses, degrees, or certifications. For example: I have a teaching qualification「私は教員の資格を持っています」(わたしはきょういんのしかくをもっています). He obtained a qualification in engineering「彼は工学の資格を取得しました」(かれはこうがくのしかくをしゅとくしました). The word can also imply eligibility or the right to do something, such as having the qualification to vote「投票する資格がある」(とうひょうするしかくがある).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1984

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Empty, Rattling

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'がらがら (がらがら)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'rattling', which describes a sound made by loose objects shaking or clattering together. For example: the train made a rattling sound「電車ががらがらと音を立てた」(でんしゃががらがらとおとをたてた). The second meaning is 'empty', often used to describe a place or space that is devoid of people or things. For example: the station was empty「駅ががらがらだった」(えきががらがらだった). These two meanings are unrelated and depend on the context in which the word is used.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

1985

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Instruction

Reading

Kanji

指Finger 示Show, Indicate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '指示 (しじ)' means 'instruction' or 'direction'. It refers to guidance or orders given by someone in authority, such as a boss, teacher, or manual. This word is commonly used in professional, educational, or technical contexts. For example: follow the instructions「指示に従ってください」(しじにしたがってください). The teacher gave clear instructions「先生は明確な指示を出した」(せんせいはめいかくなしじをだした). It can also imply a sense of authority or hierarchy, as the person giving the instructions is typically in a position of power or expertise.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1986

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

License

Reading

Kanji

免Excuse, Exempt 許Permit, Allow 証Evidence

Explanation

The Japanese noun '免許証 (めんきょしょう)' refers to a 'license' or 'certificate' that grants official permission to perform a specific activity, such as driving or operating machinery. It is commonly used in contexts like driver's licenses or professional certifications. For example: I got my driver's license「私は免許証を取得しました」(わたしはめんきょしょうをしゅとくしました). Please show your license「免許証を見せてください」(めんきょしょうをみせてください). This word is often associated with legal or official documents and is essential in many professional and personal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1987

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Simple

Reading

Kanji

単Simple, Single 純Pure

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '単純 (たんじゅん)' means 'simple'. It is used to describe something that is straightforward, uncomplicated, or lacking in complexity. This word can be applied to ideas, tasks, systems, or even people's thinking. For example: This problem is simple「この問題は単純だ」(このもんだいはたんじゅんだ). His explanation was simple and easy to understand「彼の説明は単純で分かりやすかった」(かれのせつめいはたんじゅんでわかりやすかった). Note that '単純' can sometimes carry a nuance of being overly simplistic or naive, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1988

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Achievement, Result

Reading

Kanji

成Become 果Fruit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '成果 (せいか)' refers to the outcome or result of efforts, often implying a positive or successful achievement. It is commonly used in professional, academic, or personal contexts to describe tangible or measurable results. For example: The results of the project were impressive「プロジェクトの成果は素晴らしかった」(ぷろじぇくとのせいかはすばらしかった). His hard work led to great achievements「彼の努力は大きな成果をもたらした」(かれのどりょくはおおきなせいかをもたらした). Note that '成果' emphasizes the tangible or visible outcome of effort, distinguishing it from abstract concepts like 'effort' or 'process'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1989

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Glaring

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'ぎらぎら (giragira)' describes something shining or glaring intensely, often in a harsh or unpleasant way. It is commonly used to describe bright light, such as sunlight or artificial light, that is overwhelming or uncomfortable. For example: The sun is glaring「太陽がぎらぎらと輝いている」(たいようがぎらぎらとかがやいている). The neon lights are glaring「ネオンがぎらぎら光っている」(ネオンがぎらぎらひかっている). This word can also be used metaphorically to describe someone's intense or piercing gaze, as in 'His eyes were glaring「彼の目がぎらぎらしていた」(かれのめがぎらぎらしていた).'

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

1990

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Nucleus, Core

Reading

Kanji

核Nucleus

Explanation

The Japanese noun '核 (かく)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'nucleus,' which can refer to the central part of an atom, the nucleus of a cell in biology, or the core of an idea or concept. The second meaning is 'core,' which can refer to the central or most important part of something, such as the core of a fruit or the core of an issue. Example sentences: The nucleus of the cell is essential for life「細胞の核は生命に不可欠です」(さいぼうのかくはせいめいにふかけつです). The core of the problem lies in communication「問題の核はコミュニケーションにあります」(もんだいのかくはコミュニケーションにあります).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1991

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Regrettable

Reading

Kanji

残Remainder 念Thought

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '残念 (ざんねん)' means 'regrettable' or 'disappointing'. It is used to express a feeling of disappointment or regret about a situation, outcome, or event. This word is often used in contexts where something did not go as planned or when something unfortunate happens. For example: It's regrettable that the event was canceled「イベントが中止になって残念です」(イベントがちゅうしになってざんねんです). I'm disappointed that I couldn't meet you「会えなくて残念です」(あえなくてざんねんです). The word can also be used to politely express sympathy or disappointment on behalf of someone else, such as '残念ながら (ざんねんながら)', which means 'unfortunately'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1992

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Entrance

Reading

Kanji

玄Profound, Mysterious 関Barrier, Related

Explanation

The Japanese noun '玄関 (げんかん)' refers to the entrance area of a house or building, typically where shoes are removed before entering. It is a culturally significant space in Japanese homes, often designed with a genkan step to separate the outside from the inside. For example: Please take off your shoes at the entrance「玄関で靴を脱いでください」(げんかんでくつをぬいでください). The entrance is very clean「玄関はとてもきれいです」(げんかんはとてもきれいです). This word is essential in daily life and reflects Japanese customs regarding cleanliness and respect for indoor spaces.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1993

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Record

Reading

Kanji

記Record

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '記 (き)' means 'record' or 'chronicle'. It is commonly attached to nouns to indicate a written account, documentation, or record of something. For example: a travel record「旅行記」(りょこうき). A historical record「歴史記」(れきしき). This suffix is often used in formal or literary contexts to denote a systematic or detailed account of events, experiences, or information. It can also imply a sense of permanence or importance in the documentation.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1994

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

You, There

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'そっち (sotchi)' is a colloquial term that can mean 'there' or 'you' depending on the context. When used to mean 'there', it refers to a place that is closer to the listener than to the speaker. For example: I'll go there「そっちに行くよ」(そっちにいくよ). When used to mean 'you', it is a casual way of referring to the person the speaker is talking to. For example: What about you?「そっちはどう？」(そっちはどう？). It's important to note that 'そっち' is informal and should be used with friends or people of equal or lower status.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

1995

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Building

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ビル (びる)' refers to a 'building', particularly a modern, multi-story structure often used for offices or commercial purposes. This term is derived from the English word 'building' and is written in katakana to reflect its foreign origin. It is commonly used in urban contexts to describe skyscrapers, office buildings, or large commercial establishments. For example: That building is tall「あのビルは高い」(あのびるはたかい). I work in that building「私はあのビルで働いています」(わたしはあのびるではたらいています). Note that 'ビル' is distinct from other terms like '建物 (たてもの)', which is a more general term for any type of building.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

1996

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Computer

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'コンピューター (konpyuutaa)' means 'computer'. This word is a direct loanword from English and refers to an electronic device used for processing and storing data. It is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: I bought a new computer「新しいコンピューターを買いました」(あたらしいコンピューターをかいました). The computer is broken「コンピューターが壊れています」(コンピューターがこわれています). This word is widely understood and used in everyday conversation, especially in technological or professional settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

1997

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Parking lot

Reading

Kanji

駐Parking, Stationed 車Car 場Place

Explanation

The Japanese noun '駐車場 (ちゅうしゃじょう)' means 'parking lot'. It refers to a designated area where vehicles can be parked. This word is commonly used in everyday situations, such as when looking for a place to park a car. For example: The parking lot is full「駐車場がいっぱいです」(ちゅうしゃじょうがいっぱいです). Where is the parking lot?「駐車場はどこですか？」(ちゅうしゃじょうはどこですか？). The word is often seen on signs and maps, indicating the location of parking facilities.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1998

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ping pong

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'ピンポン' refers to the sport of table tennis, commonly known as pingpong. It is a loanword from English and is widely recognized in Japan. The term can also be used metaphorically to describe a back-and-forth exchange, similar to the rapid volleys in a pingpong game. Example sentences: Let's play pingpong「ピンポンをしましょう」(ぴんぽんをしましょう). The conversation was like a pingpong match「会話はピンポンのようだった」(かいわはぴんぽんのようだった).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

1999

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Back

Reading

Kanji

背Back, Height 中Center

Explanation

The Japanese noun '背中 (せなか)' refers to the 'back' of a person or animal. It specifically denotes the rear part of the body from the neck to the waist. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation and can be used in various contexts, such as describing physical posture, pain, or even metaphorical situations. For example: His back is straight「彼の背中はまっすぐだ」(かれのせなかはまっすぐだ). I have a pain in my back「背中が痛い」(せなかがいたい). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe support or reliance, as in 'I rely on my friend's back'「友達の背中に頼る」(ともだちのせなかにたよる).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2000

Composition

kanji

Handwriting