Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Frequency of Use

word

Meaning

Strong, Powerful

Reading

Kanji

強Strong 力Power

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '強力 (きょうりょく)' means 'powerful' or 'strong'. It is used to describe something or someone that possesses great strength, force, or effectiveness. This term can be applied to physical strength, as well as to abstract concepts like influence or efficacy. For example: This medicine is powerful「この薬は強力だ」(このくすりはきょうりょくだ). He is a strong leader「彼は強力なリーダーだ」(かれはきょうりょくなリーダーだ). Note that '強力' is often used in contexts where the strength or power is notable or exceptional.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3901

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Noisy, Annoying

Reading

Kanji

煩Vexed, Anxiety

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '煩い (うるさい)' can mean both 'noisy' and 'annoying'. It is commonly used to describe loud sounds or situations that are bothersome or irritating. For example: The construction noise is annoying「工事の音が煩い」(こうじのおとがうるさい). My little brother is being noisy「弟が煩い」(おとうとがうるさい). This word can also be used to describe someone who is overly critical or nagging, as in 'My mom is always nagging me「母がうるさい」(ははがうるさい)'. The nuance of the word depends on the context, but it generally conveys a sense of irritation or disturbance.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3902

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lid

Reading

Kanji

蓋Lid

Explanation

The Japanese noun '蓋 (ふた)' means 'lid'. It refers to a cover or top that is placed over a container to close or seal it. This word is commonly used in everyday contexts, such as when referring to the lid of a pot, jar, or bottle. For example: Please put the lid on the pot「鍋に蓋をしてください」(なべにふたをしてください). The lid of this jar is hard to open「この瓶の蓋は開けにくい」(このびんのふたはあけにくい). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that conceals or hides, as in '蓋をする (ふたをする)' which means 'to cover up' or 'to hide something'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3903

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Document

Reading

Kanji

文Sentence 献Offer, Offering

Explanation

The Japanese noun '文献 (ぶんけん)' refers to written documents or literature, often used in academic or research contexts. It typically denotes scholarly materials such as books, articles, or papers that provide information or evidence. For example: I read an old document「古い文献を読みました」(ふるいぶんけんをよみました). This research is based on reliable documents「この研究は信頼できる文献に基づいています」(このけんきゅうはしんらいできるぶんけんにもとづいています). The word is commonly used in formal settings and emphasizes the importance of written sources in study or analysis.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3904

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Round

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'ぐるぐる' describes a circular or spinning motion. It is often used to depict something turning, rotating, or moving in circles. This word can be applied to physical movements, such as spinning objects, or abstract concepts, like thoughts going in circles. For example: the fan is spinning round and round「扇風機がぐるぐる回っている」(せんぷうきがぐるぐるまわっている). My head is spinning「頭がぐるぐるする」(あたまがぐるぐるする). Additionally, 'ぐるぐる' can imply repetition or going around something, as in wrapping a scarf around your neck「マフラーをぐるぐる巻く」(マフラーをぐるぐるまく).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

3905

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Footprint

Reading

Kanji

足Foot, Sufficient 跡Trace, Traces

Explanation

The Japanese noun '足跡 (あしあと)' means 'footprint'. It refers to the mark or impression left by a foot or shoe on a surface. This word is often used literally, such as when describing footprints in the sand or snow, but it can also be used metaphorically to describe the traces or evidence left behind by someone's actions or presence. For example: There were footprints in the snow「雪に足跡があった」(ゆきにあしあとがあった). His achievements left a significant mark「彼の功績は大きな足跡を残した」(かれのこうせきはおおきなあしあとをのこした).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3906

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Curiosity

Reading

Kanji

好Like, Fond 奇Strange, Unusual 心Heart

Explanation

The Japanese noun '好奇心 (こうきしん)' means 'curiosity'. It refers to a strong desire to know or learn something, often driven by interest or fascination. This word is commonly used in contexts where someone is eager to explore, discover, or understand new things. For example: Her curiosity led her to study abroad「彼女の好奇心が彼女を留学させた」(かのじょのこうきしんがかのじょをりゅうがくさせた). Children have a natural curiosity「子供は自然な好奇心を持っている」(こどもはしぜんなこうきしんをもっている). The word can also be used in phrases like '好奇心をそそる (こうきしんをそそる)', which means 'to pique one's curiosity'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3907

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Miracle

Reading

Kanji

奇Strange, Unusual 跡Trace, Traces

Explanation

The Japanese noun '奇跡 (きせき)' means 'miracle'. It refers to an extraordinary and welcome event that is not explicable by natural or scientific laws and is therefore attributed to a divine agency. This word is often used in religious, spiritual, or awe-inspiring contexts. For example: It was a miracle that he survived「彼が生き残ったのは奇跡だった」(かれがいきのこったのはきせきだった). The discovery of the cure was a miracle「その治療法の発見は奇跡だった」(そのちりょうほうのはっけんはきせきだった). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is highly unlikely or surprising, such as a miraculous comeback in sports or a rare natural phenomenon.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3908

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Glasses

Reading

Kanji

眼Eyeball 鏡Mirror

Explanation

The Japanese noun '眼鏡 (めがね)' refers to 'glasses' or 'spectacles', which are worn to correct or protect vision. This term is commonly used in everyday conversation when referring to eyewear. For example: I need new glasses「新しい眼鏡が必要です」(あたらしいめがねがひつようです). He is wearing glasses「彼は眼鏡をかけています」(かれはめがねをかけています). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe someone's perspective or viewpoint, as in '彼は現実を眼鏡を通して見ている' (かれはげんじつをめがねをとおしてみている) - 'He sees reality through glasses', implying a filtered or biased view.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3909

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bend

Reading

Kanji

曲Music, Bend

Explanation

The Japanese verb '曲がる (まがる)' means 'to bend' or 'to curve'. It is used to describe something that changes direction or shape, such as a road, a line, or an object. This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe a change in behavior or attitude. For example: The road bends to the right「道が右に曲がる」(みちがみぎにまがる). The metal rod bent under the weight「金属の棒が重みで曲がった」(きんぞくのぼうがおもみでまがった). He never bends the rules「彼は決してルールを曲げない」(かれはけっしてルールをまげない). Note that '曲がる' is an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object, while its transitive counterpart '曲げる (まげる)' means 'to bend something'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3910

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Odd number

Reading

Kanji

奇Strange, Unusual 数Number

Explanation

The Japanese noun '奇数 (きすう)' means 'odd number,' referring to an integer that is not divisible by two. It is used in mathematical contexts or when classifying numbers based on their divisibility. For example: Three is an odd number 「3は奇数です」 (さんはきすうです). Odd numbers are often used in puzzles or games 「奇数はパズルやゲームによく使われます」 (きすうはぱずるやげーむによくつかわれます).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3911

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

History, Background

Reading

Kanji

経Manage, Elapse 歴Curriculum, Continuation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '経歴 (けいれき)' refers to a person's history or background, particularly in terms of their career, education, or personal experiences. It is often used when discussing someone's professional or academic journey. For example: His career history is impressive「彼の経歴は素晴らしい」(かれのけいれきはすばらしい). She has a diverse background「彼女は多様な経歴を持っている」(かのじょはたようなけいれきをもっている). This word is commonly used in formal contexts, such as job applications or introductions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3912

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

National

Reading

Kanji

国Country 立Stand

Explanation

The Japanese noun '国立 (こくりつ)' means 'national'. It is used to describe institutions or organizations that are established and funded by the national government. This term is commonly used in the names of national universities, museums, and parks. For example: national university「国立大学」(こくりつだいがく). national museum「国立博物館」(こくりつはくぶつかん). national park「国立公園」(こくりつこうえん). The term emphasizes the official and public nature of the institution, distinguishing it from private or local entities.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3913

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pray

Reading

Kanji

祈Pray

Explanation

The Japanese verb '祈る (いのる)' means 'to pray'. It is used when someone is making a wish or request to a higher power, such as a deity or the universe, often for the well-being of oneself or others. It can also be used in a more general sense to express a strong hope or desire for something to happen. For example: I pray for your happiness「あなたの幸せを祈ります」(あなたのしあわせをいのります). She prayed for good weather「彼女は良い天気を祈った」(かのじょはよいてんきをいのった). The verb can be used in both formal and informal contexts, and it often carries a sense of earnestness or sincerity.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3914

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Academic background

Reading

Kanji

学Learn 歴Curriculum, Continuation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '学歴 (がくれき)' refers to a person's academic background or educational history. It is commonly used in contexts such as job applications, resumes, or discussions about someone's qualifications. For example: His academic background is impressive「彼の学歴はすごい」(かれのがくれきはすごい). The company values academic background「その会社は学歴を重視する」(そのかいしゃはがくれきをじゅうしする). It is important to note that '学歴' specifically refers to formal education, such as degrees or schools attended, rather than informal learning or skills.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3915

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Surely

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'さぞ (さぞ)' is used to express a strong assumption or conjecture about something, often implying that the speaker is certain about the situation or feeling being described. It is commonly used in contexts where the speaker is empathizing with someone else's feelings or situation, imagining how they must feel. For example: You must be tired「さぞお疲れでしょう」(さぞおつかれでしょう). He must be happy「さぞ嬉しいでしょう」(さぞうれしいでしょう). The word 'さぞ' is often paired with 'でしょう' or 'だろう' to form a complete assumption. It carries a nuance of empathy or deep understanding, making it suitable for polite or formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

3916

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Gradually

Reading

Kanji

徐Slowly, Gradually

Explanation

The Japanese noun '徐々 (じょじょ)' means 'gradually'. It is used to describe something that happens slowly over time, step by step, or in a steady progression. This word is often used in contexts where change or development occurs at a measured pace. For example: The pain gradually subsided「痛みが徐々に和らいだ」(いたみがじょじょにやわらいだ). The company is gradually expanding its business「会社は徐々に事業を拡大している」(かいしゃはじょじょにじぎょうをかくだいしている). Note that '徐々' is often paired with particles like 'に' to function as an adverb in sentences.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3917

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Day

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'デー (でー)' is a loanword derived from the English word 'day'. It is often used in compound words or phrases to denote a specific day or event. For example, 'バレンタインデー (ばれんたいんでー)' means 'Valentine's Day'. Another example is 'マザーズデー (まざーずでー)', which means 'Mother's Day'. This term is commonly used in contexts related to holidays, special events, or specific days of the week. For instance: Today is Valentine's Day「今日はバレンタインデーです」(きょうはばれんたいんでーです). Mother's Day is next week「マザーズデーは来週です」(まざーずでーはらいしゅうです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3918

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Meal

Reading

Kanji

飯Cooked rice, Food

Explanation

The Japanese noun '飯 (めし)' primarily means 'meal' or 'cooked rice'. It is a casual and somewhat colloquial term often used in everyday conversation. While it can refer to a meal in general, it is also specifically used to denote cooked rice, which is a staple of Japanese cuisine. For example: Let's eat a meal「飯を食べよう」(めしをたべよう). This rice is delicious「この飯は美味しい」(このめしはおいしい). The word can carry a slightly rough or masculine tone, so it is more commonly used among friends or in informal settings rather than in polite or formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3919

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

King

Reading

Kanji

王King 様Way, Form

Explanation

The Japanese noun '王様 (おうさま)' means 'king'. It is used to refer to a male monarch or ruler of a kingdom. This term carries a sense of respect and authority, often used in fairy tales, historical contexts, or to describe someone with great power or influence. For example: The king ruled the country wisely「王様は国を賢く治めた」(おうさまはくにをかしこくおさめた). The king wore a golden crown「王様は金色の王冠をかぶっていた」(おうさまはきんいろのおうかんをかぶっていた). Note that '王様' is more commonly used in storytelling or formal contexts, while '王 (おう)' is a more neutral term for 'king'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3920

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Architecture

Reading

Kanji

建Build 築Build, Fabricate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '建築 (けんちく)' refers to the act of constructing buildings or the field of architecture. It encompasses the design, planning, and construction of structures. This term is often used in professional and academic contexts related to building design and construction. For example: He studies architecture「彼は建築を勉強しています」(かれはけんちくをべんきょうしています). This building is a masterpiece of modern architecture「この建物は現代建築の傑作です」(このたてものはげんだいけんちくのけっさくです). The word can also be used to describe the style or method of construction, as in 'traditional Japanese architecture' (伝統的な日本建築, でんとうてきなにほんけんちく).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3921

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Legal

Reading

Kanji

法Law, Method 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '法的 (ほうてき)' means 'legal' or 'related to law'. It is used to describe something that pertains to the law or has a legal basis. This term is often used in formal or technical contexts, such as legal documents, discussions about regulations, or when referring to legal procedures. For example: legal measures「法的措置」(ほうてきそち). This is a legal requirement「これは法的な要件です」(これはほうてきなようけんです). The term can also be used to describe actions or decisions that are made in accordance with the law, such as '法的に正しい (ほうてきにただしい) (legally correct)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3922

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Child rearing

Reading

Kanji

子Child 育Raise, Grow

Explanation

The Japanese noun '子育て (こそだて)' refers to the act of raising or bringing up children. It encompasses all aspects of parenting, including physical, emotional, and educational care. This term is often used in discussions about family life, parenting challenges, and societal support for families. For example: Child rearing is a rewarding experience「子育てはやりがいのある経験です」(こそだてはやりがいのあるけいけんです). She is dedicated to child rearing「彼女は子育てに専念しています」(かのじょはこそだてにせんねんしています). The government provides support for child rearing「政府は子育て支援を提供しています」(せいふはこそだてしえんをていきょうしています).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3923

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Grandmother

Reading

Kanji

祖Ancestor 母Mother

Explanation

The Japanese noun '祖母 (そぼ)' refers to one's grandmother, specifically the mother of one's father or mother. It is a formal and respectful term used to refer to one's grandmother in various contexts. For example: My grandmother is kind「私の祖母は優しい」(わたしのそぼはやさしい). I visited my grandmother「祖母を訪ねた」(そぼをたずねた). The term is commonly used in both spoken and written Japanese, and it carries a sense of respect and affection. It is important to note that '祖母' is used specifically for one's own grandmother, and not for someone else's grandmother, for which the term 'おばあさん' might be more appropriate.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3924

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Old

Reading

Kanji

古Old

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '古 (こ)' means 'old' and is used to indicate something ancient, traditional, or from the past. It often carries a sense of historical significance or antiquity. This prefix is commonly used in compound words to describe things like old buildings, traditions, or artifacts. For example: ancient capital「古都」(こと). old book「古本」(ふるほん). Note that while '古' can also be read as 'ふる' in some contexts, as a prefix it is typically read as 'こ'. The reading and meaning depend on the compound word it is part of.

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3925

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hong Kong

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun 'ホンコン (ほんこん)' refers to 'Hong Kong', a Special Administrative Region of China. This term is used in Japanese to denote the city and its associated cultural, geographical, and political contexts. For example: I went to Hong Kong last year「去年ホンコンに行きました」(きょねんほんこんにいきました). Hong Kong is famous for its cuisine「ホンコンは料理で有名です」(ほんこんはりょうりでゆうめいです). The term is typically written in katakana, as it is a foreign place name.

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Frequency

3926

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

New construction

Reading

Kanji

新New 築Build, Fabricate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '新築 (しんちく)' refers to the act of constructing a new building or the state of a building being newly constructed. It is commonly used in contexts related to real estate, housing, and architecture. For example: They are planning new construction「彼らは新築を計画しています」(かれらはしんちくをけいかくしています). This house is newly built「この家は新築です」(このいえはしんちくです). The term emphasizes the freshness and newness of the construction, often implying that the building has not been previously occupied or used.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3927

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Plan, Conception

Reading

Kanji

構Structure, Care 想Concept

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '構想 (こうそう)' refers to the act of conceiving or planning something, often in a creative or strategic context. It can describe the process of forming an idea or the blueprint for a project, story, or system. For example: The conception of this novel took years「この小説の構想には何年もかかりました」(このしょうせつのこうそうにはなんねんもかかりました). The plan for the new city was impressive「新しい都市の構想は印象的でした」(あたらしいとしのこうそうはいんしょうてきでした). This word is often used in contexts involving innovation, design, or strategy.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3928

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Quite, Fine

Reading

Kanji

結Tie, Bind 構Structure, Care

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '結構 (けっこう)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'fine' or 'sufficient', often used to express that something is acceptable or satisfactory. For example: This is fine「これで結構です」(これでけっこうです). The second meaning is 'quite' or 'fairly', used to indicate a moderate degree of something. For example: It's quite interesting「結構面白い」(けっこうおもしろい). The word can also be used politely to decline offers, as in 'No, thank you, I'm fine'「結構です」(けっこうです). The nuance of '結構' can vary depending on the context, so it's important to pay attention to the tone and situation in which it is used.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3929

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sunglasses

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'サングラス (sangurasu)' refers to 'sunglasses'. This word is a loanword from English, and it is used to describe eyewear designed to protect the eyes from sunlight or glare. It is commonly used in casual and everyday contexts. For example: I bought new sunglasses「新しいサングラスを買った」(あたらしいサングラスをかった). She is wearing sunglasses「彼女はサングラスをかけている」(かのじょはサングラスをかけている). The word is written in katakana, as it is a foreign-derived term.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3930

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Box

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ボックス (ぼっくす)' is a loanword from English, meaning 'box'. It refers to a container, typically with a square or rectangular shape, used for storing or transporting items. This term is widely used in various contexts, such as in packaging, storage, or even in abstract concepts like 'inbox' (メールボックス). Example sentences include: Please put the books in the box「本をボックスに入れてください」(ほんをぼっくすにいれてください). The toy came in a colorful box「おもちゃはカラフルなボックスに入っていた」(おもちゃはからふるなぼっくすにはいっていた). Note that 'ボックス' is often used in compound words, such as 'メールボックス (めーるぼっくす)' (mailbox) or 'ギフトボックス (ぎふとぼっくす)' (gift box).

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3931

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Throw

Reading

Kanji

投Throw

Explanation

The Japanese verb '投げる (なげる)' means 'to throw'. It is used to describe the action of propelling something through the air with force, typically using the hands. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as throwing a ball, discarding something, or even metaphorically, like giving up on something. For example: he throws the ball「彼はボールを投げる」(かれはボールをなげる). I threw away the old magazine「古い雑誌を投げた」(ふるいざっしをなげた). In a more abstract sense, it can also mean to abandon or give up, as in 'he gave up on the project'「彼はプロジェクトを投げた」(かれはプロジェクトをなげた).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3932

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Family

Reading

Kanji

一One 家House

Explanation

The Japanese noun '一家 (いっか)' refers to a family or household as a unit. It is often used to describe a family in a collective sense, including all members living together. This term can also imply the family's lineage or household in a broader context. For example: The whole family went on a trip「一家で旅行に行った」(いっかでりょこうにいった). He supports his family「彼は一家を支えている」(かれはいっかをささえている). The word can also be used in contexts referring to a family business or a family's reputation, such as '一家の恥 (いっかのはじ)' meaning 'a family's shame'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3933

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Defendant

Reading

Kanji

被Incur, Be subjected to 告Announce

Explanation

The Japanese noun '被告 (ひこく)' refers to the 'defendant' in a legal context. This term is specifically used in court cases to denote the person or entity being accused or sued. It is a formal term commonly encountered in legal documents, news reports, and courtroom settings. For example: The defendant pleaded not guilty「被告は無罪を主張した」(ひこくはむざいをしゅちょうした). The defendant's lawyer presented new evidence「被告の弁護士が新しい証拠を提出した」(ひこくのべんごしがあたらしいしょうこをていしゅつした). This term is distinct from related legal terms like '原告 (げんこく)' (plaintiff) and '裁判官 (さいばんかん)' (judge).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3934

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Frame, Limit

Reading

Kanji

枠Frame

Explanation

The Japanese noun '枠 (わく)' primarily means 'frame' or 'limit'. As 'frame', it refers to a physical or conceptual structure that surrounds or encloses something, such as a picture frame or a window frame. For example: the frame of the picture is beautiful「その絵の枠は美しい」(そのえのわくはうつくしい). As 'limit', it refers to boundaries or constraints, whether physical, temporal, or abstract. For example: we need to work within the limits of the budget「予算の枠内で働く必要がある」(よさんのわくないではたらくひつようがある). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe societal or personal boundaries.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3935

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rank, About

Reading

Kanji

位Rank

Explanation

The Japanese noun '位 (くらい)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'rank', referring to a position or status within a hierarchy. For example: he holds a high rank「彼は高い位にある」(かれはたかいくらいにある). The second meaning is 'about', used to indicate an approximate amount or degree. For example: it's about 10 kilometers「10キロくらいです」(じゅっキロくらいです). The context usually makes it clear which meaning is intended. When used to mean 'about', it often follows a quantity or measurement.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3936

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Installation

Reading

Kanji

設Set up, Establish 置Put

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '設置 (せっち)' means 'installation'. It refers to the act of setting up or installing something, such as equipment, facilities, or systems. This word is commonly used in contexts involving construction, technology, or infrastructure. For example: The installation of the new air conditioner was completed「新しいエアコンの設置が完了した」(あたらしいエアコンのせっちがかんりょうした). The company plans to install solar panels「会社はソーラーパネルの設置を計画している」(かいしゃはソーラーパネルのせっちをけいかくしている). Note that '設置' is often used in formal or technical settings.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3937

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lap

Reading

Kanji

一One 周Circumference

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '一周 (いっしゅう)' primarily means 'lap' or 'one full circuit'. It is commonly used in contexts involving physical movement around a track, path, or any circular route. For example: I ran one lap around the park「公園を一周走った」(こうえんをいっしゅうはしった). The Earth completes one orbit around the Sun in a year「地球は一年で太陽を一周する」(ちきゅうはいちねんでたいようをいっしゅうする). This term can also be used metaphorically to describe completing a cycle or full rotation in various contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3938

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Earn

Reading

Kanji

稼Work, Earnings

Explanation

The Japanese verb '稼ぐ (かせぐ)' primarily means 'to earn' or 'to make money'. It is commonly used in contexts related to work, labor, or any activity that generates income. For example: He earns a lot of money「彼はたくさん稼ぐ」(かれはたくさんかせぐ). I need to earn more to support my family「家族を養うためにもっと稼ぐ必要がある」(かぞくをやしなうためにもっとかせぐひつようがある). Additionally, '稼ぐ' can also imply working hard or putting in effort to achieve something, not just financially. For instance: She worked hard to earn her promotion「彼女は昇進を稼ぐために一生懸命働いた」(かのじょはしょうしんをかせぐためにいっしょうけんめいはたらいた).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3939

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Precisely

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'きっちり' (kitchiri) means 'precisely' or 'exactly'. It is used to describe something that is done with accuracy, tightness, or without any looseness or deviation. This word often conveys a sense of neatness, thoroughness, or strict adherence to rules or expectations. For example: The schedule is precisely planned「スケジュールはきっちり決まっている」(すけじゅーるはきっちりきまっている). She tied the ribbon precisely「彼女はリボンをきっちり結んだ」(かのじょはりぼんをきっちりむすんだ). It can also imply something fitting perfectly, as in: The lid fits precisely「蓋がきっちり合う」(ふたがきっちりあう).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

3940

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Countries

Reading

Kanji

各Each 国Country

Explanation

The Japanese noun '各国 (かっこく)' means 'countries'. It refers to multiple nations or states collectively. This term is often used in contexts discussing international relations, policies, or comparisons between different nations. For example: The policies vary by country「各国の政策は異なる」(かっこくのせいさくはことなる). Representatives from various countries attended the conference「各国の代表者が会議に出席した」(かっこくのだいひょうしゃがかいぎにしゅっせきした).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3941

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sadness

Reading

Kanji

悲Sad

Explanation

The Japanese noun '悲しみ (かなしみ)' means 'sadness'. It refers to the emotional state of feeling sorrow or grief. This word is often used to describe deep emotional pain or melancholy. For example: I feel sadness「悲しみを感じる」(かなしみをかんじる). Her sadness was evident「彼女の悲しみは明らかだった」(かのじょのかなしみはあきらかだった). The word can also be used in poetic or literary contexts to evoke a sense of profound emotional depth.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3942

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

England

Reading

Kanji

英England, Distinguished

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun '英 (えい)' primarily refers to 'England' or things related to England. It is often used in compound words to denote something of English origin or related to the English language. For example: English language「英語」(えいご). British person「英国人」(えいこくじん). It can also be part of names, such as '英子 (えいこ)', a common female given name. Note that while '英' can sometimes be used in other contexts, its primary and most common usage is in reference to England or English-related concepts.

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3943

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Targeted

Reading

Kanji

向Facing, Yonder

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '向け (むけ)' is used to indicate that something is targeted or intended for a specific group, audience, or purpose. It is often attached to nouns to specify the intended recipient or focus of an item, service, or content. For example: a book for children「子供向けの本」(こどもむけのほん). This product is aimed at beginners「この製品は初心者向けです」(このせいひんはしょしんしゃむけです). The suffix can also imply suitability or appropriateness for the target group. It is commonly used in marketing, product descriptions, and media to clarify the intended audience.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3944

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Crossing

Reading

Kanji

横Sideways 断Decide, Cut off

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '横断 (おうだん)' means 'crossing'. It refers to the act of crossing something, such as a street, river, or area. It is often used in contexts involving movement from one side to another. For example: crossing the street「横断歩道を渡る」(おうだんほどうをわたる). The word can also be used in broader contexts, such as crossing a desert「砂漠を横断する」(さばくをおうだんする). It is important to note that '横断' is often used in compound words, such as '横断歩道 (おうだんほどう)' (crosswalk).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3945

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Continuation

Reading

Kanji

継Succeed, Inherit 続Continue

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '継続 (けいぞく)' means 'continuation' or 'continuity'. It refers to the act of continuing something without interruption, maintaining a state or activity over time. This word is often used in formal or professional contexts, such as business, education, or personal goals. For example: The continuation of this project is essential「このプロジェクトの継続は重要です」(このぷろじぇくとのけいぞくはじゅうようです). We need to maintain the continuity of our efforts「私たちの努力の継続が必要です」(わたしたちのどりょくのけいぞくがひつようです). It can also be used in compound words like '継続性 (けいぞくせい)' (continuity) or '継続的 (けいぞくてき)' (continuous).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3946

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

West

Reading

Kanji

欧Europe, Europe 米Rice

Explanation

The Japanese noun '欧米 (おうべい)' refers to 'the West' or 'Western countries', specifically Europe and America. This term is often used in discussions comparing Eastern and Western cultures, technologies, or philosophies. For example: Western culture is interesting「欧米の文化は面白い」(おうべいのぶんかはおもしろい). I want to study in the West「欧米で勉強したい」(おうべいでべんきょうしたい). The term can also be used in contexts discussing globalization or international relations, highlighting the influence or characteristics of Western societies.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3947

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Venue

Reading

Kanji

会Meet 場Place

Explanation

The Japanese noun '会場 (かいじょう)' refers to a 'venue' or 'event space'. It is commonly used to describe the location where an event, meeting, or gathering takes place. This word is neutral and can be applied to various contexts, such as conferences, concerts, weddings, or exhibitions. For example: The venue for the concert is large「コンサートの会場は広い」(コンサートのかいじょうはひろい). Please go to the event venue「イベントの会場に行ってください」(イベントのかいじょうにいってください). Note that '会場' is often paired with specific event names or types to clarify the purpose of the venue.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3948

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Piano

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ピアノ' refers to the musical instrument known as the piano. It is a loanword from Italian, and it is written in katakana to indicate its foreign origin. The piano is a versatile instrument used in various genres of music, from classical to jazz. Example sentences: I play the piano「私はピアノを弾きます」(わたしはぴあのをひきます). The piano in the living room is beautiful「リビングルームのピアノは美しい」(りびんぐるーむのぴあのはうつくしい).

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3949

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Impose

Reading

Kanji

押Push, Press down 付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese verb '押し付ける (おしつける)' means 'to impose' or 'to force something onto someone'. It is often used when someone is making another person accept or deal with something they may not want, such as responsibilities, opinions, or tasks. This verb carries a nuance of pressure or coercion. For example: He imposed his opinion on me「彼は意見を私に押し付けた」(かれはけんをわたしにおしつけた). Don't force your work onto others「仕事を他人に押し付けないで」(しごとをたにんにおしつけないで). The verb can also imply a physical action of pressing or pushing something onto someone or something, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3950

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cucumber

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'きゅうり' refers to the vegetable known as 'cucumber' in English. It is a common ingredient in Japanese cuisine, often used in salads, pickles, and as a garnish. Cucumbers are known for their refreshing taste and high water content, making them a popular choice during the hot summer months. For example: I bought a cucumber「きゅうりを買いました」(きゅうりをかいました). This salad has cucumber「このサラダにはきゅうりが入っています」(このサラダにはきゅうりがはいっています). Cucumbers are also sometimes used in traditional Japanese skincare routines due to their cooling and hydrating properties.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3951

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Passive

Reading

Kanji

消Extinguish 極Extreme, Pole 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '消極的 (しょうきょくてき)' means 'passive'. It describes a lack of active involvement or initiative, often implying reluctance or hesitation to take action. This word is commonly used to describe behavior, attitudes, or approaches. For example: he has a passive attitude「彼は消極的な態度だ」(かれはしょうきょくてきなたいどだ). Her response was passive「彼女の反応は消極的だった」(かのじょのはんのうはしょうきょくてきだった). The term can also be used in contexts like '消極的な性格 (しょうきょくてきなせいかく)' (passive personality) or '消極的な選択 (しょうきょくてきなせんたく)' (passive choice).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3952

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Extreme

Reading

Kanji

極Extreme, Pole 端End, Edge

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '極端 (きょくたん)' means 'extreme'. It is used to describe something that is far beyond the norm or is at the furthest end of a spectrum. This word can be applied to actions, opinions, or situations that are notably excessive or radical. For example: His opinion is extreme「彼の意見は極端だ」(かれのいけんはきょくたんだ). She has an extreme way of thinking「彼女の考え方は極端だ」(かのじょのかんがえかたはきょくたんだ). It can also describe physical extremes, such as extreme weather「極端な天気」(きょくたんなてんき). Note that '極端' is often used in a negative context to imply something is overly excessive or unreasonable.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3953

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Awkward, Unappetizing

Reading

Kanji

不Not 味Flavor

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '不味い (まずい)' has two distinct meanings. The first and most common meaning is 'unappetizing' or 'bad-tasting', used to describe food or drink that does not taste good. For example: this soup is unappetizing「このスープはまずい」(このスープはまずい). The second meaning is 'awkward' or 'troublesome', often used to describe a situation that is difficult or uncomfortable. For example: this situation is awkward「この状況はまずい」(このじょうきょうはまずい). Note that the second meaning is more colloquial and context-dependent.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3954

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exchange

Reading

Kanji

遣Use, Dispatch 取Take

Explanation

The Japanese noun '遣り取り (やりとり)' refers to an exchange or interaction, often involving communication, goods, or actions between two or more parties. It is commonly used to describe the back-and-forth nature of conversations, transactions, or even physical exchanges. For example: We had a lively exchange of ideas「活発な意見の遣り取りがあった」(かっぱつないけんのやりとりがあった). The exchange of gifts was heartfelt「贈り物の遣り取りは心温まるものだった」(おくりもののやりとりはこころあたたまるものだった). This word emphasizes the mutual and reciprocal nature of the interaction.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3955

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

North Korea

Reading

Kanji

北North 朝Morning 鮮Fresh, Vivid

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun '北朝鮮 (きたちょうせん)' refers to 'North Korea', the country officially known as the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK). This term is commonly used in Japanese media and everyday conversation to refer to the nation located on the northern part of the Korean Peninsula. For example: North Korea launched a missile「北朝鮮がミサイルを発射した」(きたちょうせんがミサイルをはっしゃした). The relationship between Japan and North Korea is complex「日本と北朝鮮の関係は複雑だ」(にほんときたちょうせんのかんけいはふくざつだ). The term is neutral in tone but carries geopolitical implications due to historical and political contexts.

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3956

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cutting edge

Reading

Kanji

最Most 先Before, Previous 端End, Edge

Explanation

The Japanese noun '最先端 (さいせんたん)' refers to the forefront or cutting-edge of technology, research, or innovation. It is often used to describe the most advanced or latest developments in a field. For example: This is the cutting-edge of technology「これは最先端の技術です」(これはさいせんたんのぎじゅつです). The company is at the forefront of medical research「その会社は最先端の医療研究を行っています」(そのかいしゃはさいせんたんのいりょうけんきゅうをおこなっています). The term emphasizes being ahead of others in progress or development.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3957

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Together

Reading

Kanji

一One 緒Beginning, Together

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '一緒 (いっしょ)' means 'together'. It is commonly used to indicate that people or things are in the same place, doing the same thing, or sharing the same state. It can also imply unity or cooperation. For example: Let's go together「一緒に行きましょう」(いっしょにいきましょう). We ate together「一緒に食べました」(いっしょにたべました). It is often used with particles like 'に' to form phrases like '一緒に (いっしょに)', which means 'together with'. This word is versatile and can be used in both casual and formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3958

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Foreign currency

Reading

Kanji

外Outside 貨Goods, Freight

Explanation

The Japanese noun '外貨 (がいか)' refers to 'foreign currency'. It is commonly used in contexts related to finance, travel, or international trade. For example: I exchanged yen for foreign currency「円を外貨に両替した」(えんをがいかにりょうがえした). The company holds foreign currency reserves「その会社は外貨準備を持っている」(そのかいしゃはがいかじゅんびをもっている). This term is essential when discussing exchange rates, international transactions, or travel preparations involving currency exchange.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3959

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Acquisition

Reading

Kanji

入Enter 手Hand

Explanation

The Japanese noun '入手 (にゅうしゅ)' means 'acquisition' or 'obtaining'. It refers to the act of acquiring or obtaining something, often something valuable or hard to get. This word is commonly used in contexts where someone has successfully obtained an item, information, or resource. For example: I finally acquired the rare book「やっとその珍しい本を入手した」(やっとそのめずらしいほんをにゅうしゅした). The company obtained the necessary permits「会社は必要な許可を入手した」(かいしゃはひつようなきょかをにゅうしゅした). It is often used in formal or business contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3960

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wheel

Reading

Kanji

車Car 輪Wheel, Ring

Explanation

The Japanese noun '車輪 (しゃりん)' means 'wheel'. It refers to the circular component that rotates on an axle and is used in vehicles, machinery, or other objects to enable movement. This word is commonly used in contexts related to transportation, mechanics, or everyday objects. For example: The wheel of the car is broken「車の車輪が壊れている」(くるまのしゃりんがこわれている). The bicycle has two wheels「自転車には車輪が二つある」(じてんしゃにはしゃりんがふたつある). Note that '車輪' is a compound word combining '車' (vehicle) and '輪' (ring/circle), emphasizing its connection to vehicles and circular motion.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3961

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Smoothly

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'すっと' describes an action that is done smoothly, quickly, or without hesitation. It often conveys a sense of something moving or happening in a fluid, uninterrupted manner. For example: The door opened smoothly「ドアがすっと開いた」(ドアがすっとあいた). She walked past me without hesitation「彼女はすっと私の横を通り過ぎた」(かのじょはすっとわたしのよこをとおりすぎた). This adverb can also imply a sense of relief or ease, as in: The pain went away smoothly「痛みがすっと引いた」(いたみがすっとひいた).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

3962

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Assumption

Reading

Kanji

想Concept 定Determine

Explanation

The Japanese noun '想定 (そうてい)' means 'assumption' or 'supposition'. It refers to a scenario or condition that is assumed or hypothesized for the purpose of planning, analysis, or discussion. This word is often used in contexts like business, disaster preparedness, or strategic planning. For example: We need to consider all possible assumptions「すべての想定を考慮する必要がある」(すべてのそうていをこうりょするひつようがある). The assumption of a natural disaster is crucial for emergency planning「自然災害の想定は緊急計画に重要だ」(しぜんさいがいのそうていはきんきゅうけいかくにじゅうようだ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3963

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Peel

Reading

Kanji

剥Peel off

Explanation

The Japanese verb '剥く (むく)' means 'to peel'. It is commonly used when referring to removing the outer layer or skin of something, such as fruits, vegetables, or even objects. For example: I peeled the apple「リンゴを剥いた」(りんごをむいた). He peeled the potato「彼はジャガイモを剥いた」(かれはじゃがいもをむいた). This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe stripping away layers of something abstract, such as emotions or concepts. However, the primary and most common usage is in the context of physically peeling something.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3964

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Recovery

Reading

Kanji

回Revolve, Times 復Restore

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '回復 (かいふく)' means 'recovery'. It refers to the process of returning to a normal state of health, mind, or strength after an illness, injury, or difficult situation. It can also be used in contexts such as economic recovery or the recovery of lost items. For example: The patient's recovery was quick「患者の回復は早かった」(かんじゃのかいふくははやかった). The economy is showing signs of recovery「経済は回復の兆しを見せている」(けいざいはかいふくのきざしをみせている).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3965

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Astringent, Subdued

Reading

Kanji

渋Astringent, Not going smoothly

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '渋い (しぶい)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'astringent', referring to a taste or sensation that is dry, bitter, or puckering, often used to describe foods like unripe persimmons or strong tea. For example: This persimmon is astringent「この柿は渋い」(このかきはしぶい). The second meaning is 'subdued', describing something that is understated, refined, or muted in appearance, taste, or style. This can refer to colors, designs, or even personalities. For example: His taste in fashion is subdued「彼のファッションセンスは渋い」(かれのファッションセンスはしぶい). The word can also imply a sense of sophistication or maturity, often used to describe someone who is reserved but has depth. For example: His humor is subtle and subdued「彼のユーモアは渋い」(かれのユーモアはしぶい).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3966

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Traffic, Congestion

Reading

Kanji

渋Astringent, Not going smoothly 滞Stagnate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '渋滞 (じゅうたい)' primarily refers to 'traffic' or 'congestion'. It is commonly used to describe situations where vehicles are moving slowly or are at a standstill due to heavy traffic. It can also be used metaphorically to describe delays or bottlenecks in processes or systems. For example: The traffic is terrible today「今日は渋滞がひどい」(きょうはじゅうたいがひどい). There is congestion on the highway「高速道路で渋滞している」(こうそくどうろでじゅうたいしている). The meeting was delayed due to congestion in the schedule「スケジュールの渋滞で会議が遅れた」(スケジュールのじゅうたいでかいぎがおくれた).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3967

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Access

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'アクセス (akusesu)' means 'access'. It is a loanword from English and is commonly used in contexts related to accessing information, locations, or resources. For example: easy access to the station「駅へのアクセスが便利」(えきへのアクセスがべんり). This website has restricted access「このウェブサイトはアクセスが制限されている」(このウェブサイトはアクセスがせいげんされている). The word is often used in technology, transportation, and general accessibility contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3968

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Relation

Reading

Kanji

関Barrier, Related

Explanation

The Japanese noun '関わり (かかわり)' means 'relation' or 'involvement'. It refers to a connection or association between people, things, or events. This word is often used to describe how one thing affects or is connected to another. For example: the relation between diet and health「食事と健康の関わり」(しょくじとけんこうのかかわり). His involvement in the project was significant「彼のプロジェクトへの関わりは大きかった」(かれのプロジェクトへのかかわりはおおきかった). The nuance of this word often implies a deeper or more meaningful connection rather than a superficial one.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3969

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Author

Reading

Kanji

著Renowned, Author 者Someone

Explanation

The Japanese noun '著者 (ちょしゃ)' refers to the 'author' of a written work, such as a book, article, or essay. It specifically denotes the person who has written or created the content. This term is commonly used in formal contexts, such as in bibliographies, academic papers, or book credits. For example: The author of this book is famous「この本の著者は有名です」(このほんのちょしゃはゆうめいです). I met the author of the novel「小説の著者に会いました」(しょうせつのちょしゃにあいました). Note that '著者' is distinct from '作家 (さっか)', which refers to a writer or novelist in a broader sense.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3970

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Temperate

Reading

Kanji

温Warm 帯Belt, Wear

Explanation

The Japanese noun '温帯 (おんたい)' refers to the 'temperate zone' or 'temperate region'. It is a geographical term used to describe the climate zone located between the tropics and the polar regions, characterized by moderate temperatures and distinct seasons. For example: Japan is located in the temperate zone「日本は温帯に位置している」(にほんはおんたいにいちしている). The temperate zone has four seasons「温帯には四季がある」(おんたいにはしきがある). This term is often used in discussions about climate, geography, and ecology.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3971

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Defense

Reading

Kanji

守Protect 備Equip, Provide

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '守備 (しゅび)' means 'defense'. It is commonly used in contexts related to sports, military, or general protection. In sports, it refers to the act of defending against an opponent's attack. For example: His defense is strong「彼の守備は強い」(かれのしゅびはつよい). The team needs to improve their defense「チームは守備を改善する必要がある」(チームはしゅびをかいぜんするひつようがある). In a broader sense, it can also refer to safeguarding or protecting something, such as in 'national defense' (国防, こくぼう).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3972

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tool

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ツール (つーる)' means 'tool'. This word is a direct loanword from English and is used to refer to any kind of tool, whether physical (like a hammer or screwdriver) or abstract (like software tools). It is commonly used in both everyday conversation and technical contexts. For example: I need a new tool for my work「仕事に新しいツールが必要です」(しごとにあたらしいつーるがひつようです). This software is a useful tool「このソフトウェアは便利なツールです」(このソフトウェアはべんりなつーるです). The word is typically written in katakana to indicate its foreign origin.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3973

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Aspiration

Reading

Kanji

志Intention

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '志 (し)' is used to denote aspiration, ambition, or intention. It is often attached to nouns to form compound words that describe a person's goals or desires. For example: a person with a strong aspiration to become a doctor「医者志の学生」(いしゃしのがくせい). This suffix is commonly used in contexts related to career goals, personal ambitions, or specific intentions. It can also be seen in words like '学者志 (がくしゃし)', meaning 'aspiring scholar', or '作家志 (さっかし)', meaning 'aspiring writer'. Note that '志' can also be used as a standalone noun meaning 'will' or 'intention', but as a suffix, it specifically conveys the idea of aspiration or ambition.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3974

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Returning home

Reading

Kanji

帰Return 宅House

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '帰宅 (きたく)' means 'returning home'. It is used to describe the act of going back to one's home, typically after being out for work, school, or other activities. This term is often used in formal or written contexts. For example: I will be returning home late tonight「今夜は帰宅が遅くなります」(こんやはきたくがおそくなります). After returning home, I took a bath「帰宅してからお風呂に入りました」(きたくしてからおふろにはいりました). The term can also be used in compound verbs, such as '帰宅する (きたくする)', which means 'to return home'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3975

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Smoothly

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'すらすら' describes something that happens smoothly, fluently, or without difficulty. It is often used to describe actions like speaking, reading, writing, or performing tasks effortlessly. For example: He read the book smoothly「彼は本をすらすらと読んだ」(かれはほんをすらすらとよんだ). She answered the questions smoothly「彼女は質問にすらすらと答えた」(かのじょはしつもんにすらすらとこたえた). This word conveys a sense of ease and fluidity in the action being described.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

3976

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Authority

Reading

Kanji

権Rights, Authority 威Might, Intimidate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '権威 (けんい)' refers to 'authority' in the sense of power, influence, or expertise. It is often used to describe someone or something that commands respect or is recognized as an expert in a particular field. For example: He is an authority in the field of science「彼は科学の分野で権威です」(かれはかがくのぶんやでけんいです). This book is considered an authority on Japanese history「この本は日本の歴史に関する権威とされています」(このほんはにほんのれきしにかんするけんいとされています). The word can also imply a sense of legitimacy or official power, such as in the context of institutions or leaders.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3977

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Occupation

Reading

Kanji

占Fortune telling 領Territory

Explanation

The Japanese noun '占領 (せんりょう)' refers to the act of occupying or taking control of a place, often by force. It is commonly used in historical or political contexts to describe the control of a territory by a foreign power. For example: The occupation lasted for ten years「占領は十年間続いた」(せんりょうはじゅうねんかんつづいた). The city was under military occupation「その都市は軍の占領下にあった」(そのとしはぐんのせんりょうかにあった). This term can also be used metaphorically to describe taking over or dominating a space or situation, such as in '占領する (せんりょうする)' meaning 'to occupy'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3978

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Nail

Reading

Kanji

爪Claw

Explanation

The Japanese noun '爪 (つめ)' refers to the 'nail' on a finger or toe. It is used to describe the hard, keratinous covering at the end of digits in humans and animals. For example: I cut my nails「爪を切った」(つめをきった). Her nails are long「彼女の爪は長い」(かのじょのつめはながい). This word can also be used metaphorically to describe something sharp or claw-like, but its primary meaning is related to the physical nail.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3979

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Residential area

Reading

Kanji

住Live 宅House 地Ground

Explanation

TheJapanese noun'住宅地(じゅうたくち)'means'residentialarea'.Itreferstoanareaorzonewherehousingpredominates,typicallycharacterizedbyhomes,apartments,andrelatedresidentialstructures.Thiswordisoftenusedinurbanplanning,realestate,anddailyconversationstodescribepartsofacityortownthatareprimarilyforlivingpurposes.Forexample:Iliveinaquietresidentialarea「私は静かな住宅地に住んでいます」(わたしはしずかなじゅうたくちにすんでいます).Thisareaisdevelopingintoanewresidentialarea「この地域は新しい住宅地に発展しています」(このちいきはあたらしいじゅうたくちにはってんしています).Notethat'住宅地'iscommonlyusedincontrasttocommercialorindustrialareas.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3980

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Address

Reading

Kanji

宛Address 先Before, Previous

Explanation

The Japanese noun '宛先 (あてさき)' refers to the 'address' of a person or place to which something is sent, such as a letter, package, or email. It is commonly used in contexts involving mailing or communication. For example: Please write the address here「ここに宛先を書いてください」(ここにあてさきをかいてください). I forgot to include the address「宛先を書き忘れました」(あてさきをかきわすれました). This word is essential in situations where specifying a destination is required.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3981

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Addressee

Reading

Kanji

宛Address 名Name

Explanation

The Japanese noun '宛名 (あてな)' refers to the name of the person or entity to whom something is addressed, such as a letter, package, or email. It is commonly used in formal and informal contexts when specifying the recipient of correspondence. For example: Please write the addressee here「ここに宛名を書いてください」(ここにあてなをかいてください). The addressee is incorrect「宛名が間違っています」(あてながまちがっています). This word is essential in contexts involving mail, deliveries, or any form of directed communication.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3982

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hand, Needle

Reading

Kanji

針Needle

Explanation

The Japanese noun '針 (はり)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'needle', referring to a thin, pointed object used for sewing or medical purposes. For example: She sewed with a needle「彼女は針で縫った」(かのじょははりでぬった). The second meaning is 'hand', specifically the hour or minute hand of a clock. For example: The clock's minute hand is broken「時計の針が壊れている」(とけいのはりがこわれている). The context usually makes it clear which meaning is intended, as the usage differs significantly between the two.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3983

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vietnam

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun 'ベトナム (べとなむ)' refers to the country Vietnam. It is used in the same way as in English, to denote the Southeast Asian nation. For example: I want to visit Vietnam「ベトナムに行きたい」(べとなむにいきたい). Vietnamese food is delicious「ベトナム料理は美味しい」(べとなむりょうりはおいしい). The word is typically written in katakana, as it is a foreign loanword.

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Frequency

3984

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Collapse, Crumble

Reading

Kanji

崩Collapse, Crumble

Explanation

The Japanese verb '崩れる (くずれる)' primarily means 'collapse' or 'crumble'. It is used to describe something physically falling apart or breaking down, such as a building, structure, or even a pile of objects. It can also be used metaphorically to describe plans, systems, or emotional states breaking down. For example: The old wall collapsed「古い壁が崩れた」(ふるいかべがくずれた). The plan fell apart due to lack of support「計画は支持不足で崩れた」(けいかくはしじぶそくでくずれた). Note that this verb often implies a sudden or gradual breakdown, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3985

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fish

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'つる' means 'to fish'. This verb is used to describe the action of catching fish, typically using a fishing rod or other fishing equipment. It can also be used metaphorically to describe trying to obtain something, but its primary meaning is related to fishing. For example: I fish every weekend「毎週末に魚を釣る」(まいしゅうまつにさかなをつる). He is fishing in the river「彼は川で魚を釣っている」(かれはかわでさかなをつっている). Note that 'つる' is often used with the object '魚 (さかな)' to specify that one is fishing for fish.

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

3986

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Retreat, Backtrack

Reading

Kanji

後After, Behind 戻Return

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '後戻り (あともどり)' refers to the act of going back, retreating, or backtracking, either physically or metaphorically. It can describe returning to a previous location, reverting to an earlier state, or reconsidering a decision. For example: There's no retreat now「今は後戻りできない」(いまはあともどりできない). He backtracked on his decision「彼は決断を後戻りした」(かれはけつだんをあともどりした). This word is often used in contexts where progress is halted or reversed, emphasizing the inability or reluctance to move forward.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3987

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Getup

Reading

Kanji

起Wake up 上Up

Explanation

The Japanese verb '起き上がる (おきあがる)' means 'to get up' or 'to rise up'. This verb is typically used to describe the action of moving from a lying or sitting position to a standing position. It can also be used metaphorically to describe recovering from a setback or difficult situation. For example: He got up from the floor「彼は床から起き上がった」(かれはゆかからおきあがった). After the accident, she managed to get up and walk「事故の後、彼女は起き上がって歩くことができた」(じこのあと、かのじょはおきあがってあるくことができた). The verb is often used in contexts involving physical movement or recovery.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3988

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wandering

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'うろうろ (urouro)' describes the action of wandering or moving around aimlessly, often without a clear purpose or direction. It can be used to describe both physical movement and a state of indecision or confusion. For example: He was wandering around the station「彼は駅をうろうろしていた」(かれはえきをうろうろしていた). I wandered around the city looking for the cafe「カフェを探して街をうろうろした」(かふぇをさがしてまちをうろうろした). This word often carries a nuance of restlessness or being lost, either literally or figuratively.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

3989

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Republic

Reading

Kanji

共Together 和Peace

Explanation

The Japanese noun '共和 (きょうわ)' means 'republic'. It refers to a form of government where power is held by the people and their elected representatives, rather than a monarch. This term is often used in political or historical contexts. For example: France is a republic「フランスは共和制です」(フランスはきょうわせいです). The republic was established after the revolution「革命の後、共和制が確立された」(かくめいのあと、きょうわせいがかくりつされた). The word can also appear in compound terms like '共和国 (きょうわこく)' meaning 'republic' as in the name of a country.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3990

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Circumstances, Details

Reading

Kanji

経Manage, Elapse 緯Horizontal, Latitude

Explanation

The Japanese noun '経緯 (けいい)' refers to the sequence of events, details, or circumstances surrounding a situation. It is often used to explain the background or context of how something happened. For example: I want to know the details of the incident「その事件の経緯を知りたい」(そのじけんのけいいをしりたい). The circumstances leading to the decision were complicated「その決定に至った経緯は複雑だった」(そのけっていにいたったけいはふくざつだった). This word is commonly used in formal or explanatory contexts to provide a clear understanding of the progression of events.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3991

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Middle

Reading

Kanji

真Truth 中Center

Explanation

The Japanese noun '真ん中 (まんなか)' means 'middle'. It refers to the central part or point of something, whether it's a physical space, an object, or even a concept. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation to describe the center of an area or the midpoint of a situation. For example: the cat is in the middle of the room「猫は部屋の真ん中にいる」(ねこはへやのまんなかにいる). The answer is in the middle of the book「答えは本の真ん中にある」(こたえはほんのまんなかにある). It can also be used metaphorically, such as in 'the middle of a discussion'「議論の真ん中」(ぎろんのまんなか).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3992

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Calm

Reading

Kanji

静Quiet

Explanation

The Japanese verb '静まる (しずまる)' means 'to calm down' or 'to become quiet'. It is used to describe a situation, place, or person becoming calm or quiet after a period of noise, activity, or disturbance. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as describing the calming of a storm, the quieting of a crowd, or the settling of emotions. For example: The storm has calmed down「嵐が静まった」(あらしがしずまった). The room became quiet after the teacher entered「先生が入ってきて、部屋が静まった」(せんせいがはいってきて、へやがしずまった). It is important to note that '静まる' often implies a natural or gradual process of becoming calm or quiet.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3993

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Promissory note

Reading

Kanji

手Hand 形Shape

Explanation

The Japanese noun '手形 (てがた)' refers to a 'promissory note', which is a financial instrument where one party promises in writing to pay a determinate sum of money to the other, either at a fixed or determinable future time or on demand of the payee. It is commonly used in business transactions. For example: The company issued a promissory note「会社は手形を発行した」(かいしゃはてがたをはっこうした). He paid with a promissory note「彼は手形で支払った」(かれはてがたではらった). This term is specific to financial contexts and is not used in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3994

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pen

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ペン' (ぺん) refers to a 'pen', a writing instrument used to apply ink to a surface, typically paper. This word is a direct borrowing from the English word 'pen' and is written in katakana to indicate its foreign origin. It is commonly used in everyday contexts, such as in schools, offices, or at home. For example: I need a pen「ペンが必要です」(ぺんがひつようです). Please lend me your pen「ペンを貸してください」(ぺんをかしてください). The word is straightforward and does not carry additional meanings or nuances beyond its primary definition.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3995

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Whole area

Reading

Kanji

一One 面Face, Surface

Explanation

The Japanese noun '一面 (いちめん)' refers to a 'whole area' or 'entire surface' of something. It is often used to describe a vast, uninterrupted expanse or a complete view of a particular scene or situation. For example: the whole area was covered in snow「一面が雪で覆われていた」(いちめんがゆきでおおわれていた). The entire surface of the lake was calm「湖の一面が静かだった」(みずうみのいちめんがしずかだった). This word can also be used metaphorically to describe a broad perspective or a comprehensive view of a situation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3996

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Residence

Reading

Kanji

住Live 居Reside, Be

Explanation

The Japanese noun '住居 (じゅうきょ)' refers to a place where someone lives, such as a house, apartment, or dwelling. It is a formal term often used in legal, official, or technical contexts. For example: This is my residence「ここは私の住居です」(ここはわたしのじゅうきょです). The residence is located in the city center「その住居は市の中心にあります」(そのじゅうきょはしのちゅうしんにあります). Note that '住居' is more formal than everyday terms like '家 (いえ)' or '住まい (すまい).'

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3997

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pack

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'パック (pakku)' refers to a 'pack' or 'package'. It is commonly used to describe a collection of items bundled together, such as a pack of cards, a pack of tissues, or a skincare face pack. For example: I bought a pack of tissues「ティッシュのパックを買いました」(ティッシュのパックをかいました). She uses a face pack every night「彼女は毎晩フェイスパックを使います」(かのじょはまいばんフェイスパックをつかいます). The word is borrowed from English and is widely understood in everyday contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3998

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

One side

Reading

Kanji

片Fragment, One sided 側Side

Explanation

The Japanese noun '片側 (かたがわ)' means 'one side'. It refers to a single side of something, such as a road, object, or situation. It is often used in contexts where there is a clear distinction or separation between two sides. For example: Please walk on one side of the road「片側を歩いてください」(かたがわをあるいてください). The damage is only on one side of the building「建物の片側だけが損傷しています」(たてもののかたがわだけがそんしょうしています). This word is commonly used in everyday conversations, especially when giving directions or describing locations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3999

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Classic

Reading

Kanji

古Old 典Code, Rule

Explanation

The Japanese noun '古典 (こてん)' refers to something that is considered a classic, often in the context of literature, art, or music. It can denote works that have stood the test of time and are regarded as having significant historical or cultural value. For example: I enjoy reading classics「私は古典を読むのが好きです」(わたしはこてんをよむのがすきです). This museum has a collection of classical art「この美術館は古典美術のコレクションがあります」(このびじゅつかんはこてんびじゅつのコレクションがあります). The term can also be used more broadly to refer to traditional or ancient things in various fields.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4000

Composition

kanji

Handwriting