Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Frequency of Use

word

Meaning

Close, Tighten

Reading

Kanji

締Tighten, Bind

Explanation

The Japanese verb '締まる (しまる)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'to tighten,' which refers to something becoming physically tighter or more secure. For example: The screw tightened「ネジが締まった」(ねじがしまった). The second meaning is 'to close,' often used in contexts like doors or events coming to an end. For example: The meeting closed「会議が締まった」(かいぎがしまった). It's important to note that '締まる' is an intransitive verb, meaning it describes a state or action that happens on its own, without a direct object. This verb is commonly used in both everyday and formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4101

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Prosper

Reading

Kanji

栄Prosper, Flourish

Explanation

The Japanese verb '栄える (さかえる)' means 'to prosper' or 'to flourish'. It is used to describe a state of thriving, success, or growth, often in the context of cities, businesses, or cultures. For example: The town prospered thanks to tourism「その町は観光のおかげで栄えた」(そのまちはかんこうのおかげでさかえた). The company flourished under new management「新しい経営陣のもとで会社は栄えた」(あたらしいけいえいじんのもとでかいしゃはさかえた). This verb is often used in historical or economic contexts to describe periods of growth or success.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4102

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Alright

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese interjection 'よし (yoshi)' is a versatile expression often used to convey determination, approval, or readiness. It can mean 'alright,' 'okay,' 'good,' or 'let's do this,' depending on the context. It is commonly used to pump oneself up or to signal agreement. For example: Alright, let's go!「よし、行こう！」(よし、いこう！). Okay, I'll do it「よし、やるよ」(よし、やるよ). It can also be used to comfort someone, as in 'It's okay, don't worry'「よし、大丈夫だよ」(よし、だいじょうぶだよ). The tone and situation often dictate its exact meaning.

Part Of Speech

interjection

Frequency

4103

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Idea

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'アイディア (aidia)' is a loanword from English, meaning 'idea'. It refers to a thought, suggestion, or plan formed in the mind. This word is commonly used in both casual and formal contexts to discuss concepts, plans, or creative thoughts. For example: I have a great idea「すごいアイディアがあります」(すごいあいであがあります). His idea was brilliant「彼のアイディアは素晴らしかった」(かれのあいであはすばらしかった). The word 'アイディア' is often used in discussions about innovation, problem-solving, or brainstorming.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

4104

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Feudal lord

Reading

Kanji

大Big 名Name

Explanation

The Japanese noun '大名 (だいみょう)' refers to a 'feudal lord' during the Edo period and earlier in Japan. These were powerful landowners who ruled over large territories and had significant political and military influence. The term is historically significant and often associated with the samurai class. For example: The feudal lord built a grand castle「大名は立派な城を建てた」(だいみょうはりっぱなしろをたてた). The feudal lord governed his domain strictly「大名は領地を厳しく治めた」(だいみょうはりょうちをきびしくおさめた). The word is primarily used in historical contexts and is not commonly used in modern everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4105

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Soundly

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'すやすや' describes the state of sleeping peacefully or soundly. It is often used to depict someone, especially a baby or child, sleeping quietly and comfortably. For example: The baby is sleeping soundly「赤ちゃんがすやすや眠っている」(あかちゃんがすやすやねむっている). He was sleeping peacefully「彼はすやすやと眠っていた」(かれはすやすやとねむっていた). This adverb conveys a sense of calm and tranquility associated with sleep.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

4106

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rest

Reading

Kanji

休Rest 養Foster

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '休養 (きゅうよう)' means 'rest' or 'recuperation'. It refers to taking a break or time off to recover physically or mentally, often from work, stress, or illness. This word is commonly used in contexts related to health, work-life balance, or recovery. For example: I need rest to recover「休養が必要です」(きゅうようがひつようです). After the trip, I took a week of rest「旅行の後、一週間休養しました」(りょこうのあと、いっしゅうかんきゅうようしました). It is often used in formal or medical contexts to emphasize the importance of taking time to recover.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4107

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Beijing

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun 'ペキン (pekin)' refers to the capital city of China, Beijing. It is written in katakana as it is a foreign place name. This term is commonly used in contexts related to geography, travel, politics, and culture. For example: I visited Beijing last year「去年ペキンを訪れました」(きょねんペキンをおとずれました). Beijing is famous for the Great Wall「ペキンは万里の長城で有名です」(ペキンはばんりのちょうじょうでゆうめいです). Note that 'ペキン' is the Japanese pronunciation of 'Beijing' and is widely understood in Japan.

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Frequency

4108

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Complaint

Reading

Kanji

苦Suffer 情Feeling, Emotion

Explanation

The Japanese noun '苦情 (くじょう)' means 'complaint'. It refers to an expression of dissatisfaction or grievance about something. This word is commonly used in formal or serious contexts, such as when someone voices a complaint about a service, product, or situation. For example: The customer filed a complaint「お客様が苦情を申し立てました」(おきゃくさまがくじょうをもうしたてました). There were many complaints about the noise「騒音について多くの苦情がありました」(そうおんについておおくのくじょうがありました). Note that '苦情' is often used in professional or official settings, and it carries a formal tone.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4109

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Struggle, Effort

Reading

Kanji

苦Suffer 心Heart

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '苦心 (くしん)' refers to the act of putting in great effort or struggling to achieve something, often implying difficulty or hardship. It is commonly used to describe the mental or emotional strain involved in overcoming challenges. For example: He put a lot of effort into the project「彼はそのプロジェクトに苦心した」(かれはそのプロジェクトにくしんした). The teacher struggled to explain the concept「先生はその概念を説明するのに苦心した」(せんせいはそのがいねんをせつめいするのにくしんした). This word emphasizes the hardship or difficulty faced during the process.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4110

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Parts

Reading

Kanji

部Section, Department 品Product

Explanation

The Japanese noun '部品 (ぶひん)' refers to 'parts' or 'components', typically used in the context of machinery, electronics, or other technical systems. It is commonly used to describe individual pieces that make up a larger device or system. For example: I bought spare parts for the car「車の部品を買いました」(くるまのぶひんをかいました). These parts are essential for the machine「これらの部品は機械に必要です」(これらのぶひんはきかいにとくべつです). The word is neutral and can be used in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4111

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shinjuku

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun 'シンジュク (しんじゅく)' refers to 'Shinjuku', a major commercial and administrative district in Tokyo, Japan. It is one of the busiest areas in Tokyo, known for its skyscrapers, shopping centers, entertainment venues, and the Shinjuku Station, which is one of the busiest railway stations in the world. Example sentences: Let's meet at Shinjuku Station「シンジュク駅で会いましょう」(しんじゅくえきであいましょう). Shinjuku is very lively at night「シンジュクは夜とてもにぎやかです」(しんじゅくはよるとてもにぎやかです).

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Frequency

4112

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Torment

Reading

Kanji

苦Suffer

Explanation

The Japanese verb '苦しめる (くるしめる)' means 'to torment' or 'to cause suffering'. It is used to describe the act of making someone or something experience pain, distress, or hardship. This verb can be used in both physical and emotional contexts. For example: He tormented his younger brother「彼は弟を苦しめた」(かれはおとうとをくるしめた). The disease tormented her for years「その病気は彼女を何年も苦しめた」(そのびょうきはかのじょをなんねんもくるしめた). The verb often implies a deliberate or ongoing action that causes suffering.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4113

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Peak, Middle

Reading

Kanji

最Most 中Center

Explanation

The Japanese noun '最中 (さいちゅう)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'middle', referring to the midpoint or ongoing state of an event or period. For example: in the middle of the meeting「会議の最中です」(かいぎのさいちゅうです). The second meaning is 'peak', referring to the height or climax of something, such as an event or season. For example: during the peak of summer「夏の最中に」(なつのさいちゅうに). The word is often used to emphasize the ongoing or intense nature of a situation. Another example: in the middle of a storm「嵐の最中」(あらしのさいちゅう).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4114

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

New

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ニュー (nyuu)' is a loanword derived from the English word 'new'. It is used to describe something that is recently made, introduced, or discovered. This term is often used in contexts related to products, technology, or trends. For example: This is the new model「これはニューモデルです」(これはにゅーもでるです). I bought a new car「新しい車を買いました」(あたらしいくるまをかいました). Note that 'ニュー' is typically used in more casual or commercial contexts, while '新しい (あたらしい)' is the native Japanese adjective for 'new' and is more commonly used in everyday language.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

4115

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Learn

Reading

Kanji

習Learn

Explanation

The Japanese verb '習う (ならう)' means 'to learn'. It specifically refers to learning through instruction, practice, or imitation, often under the guidance of a teacher or mentor. This verb is commonly used when talking about acquiring skills, knowledge, or techniques in a structured way. For example: I learn Japanese from my teacher「私は先生に日本語を習う」(わたしはせんせいににほんごをならう). She is learning to play the piano「彼女はピアノを習っている」(かのじょはピアノをならっている). Note that '習う' implies a more formal or systematic learning process compared to '学ぶ (まなぶ)', which can refer to learning in a broader sense.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4116

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Self service

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'セルフサービス (serufusaabisu)' means 'self-service'. This term is commonly used in contexts where customers serve themselves, such as in restaurants, gas stations, or stores. For example: This restaurant is self-service「このレストランはセルフサービスです」(このレストランはせるふさーびすです). I prefer self-service gas stations「セルフサービスのガソリンスタンドが好きです」(せるふさーびすのがそりんすたんどがすきです). The concept emphasizes the idea of independence and efficiency, where customers take on tasks traditionally performed by staff.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

4117

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hardship

Reading

Kanji

苦Suffer 労Labor

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '苦労 (くろう)' refers to 'hardship' or 'difficulty'. It is often used to describe the struggles, efforts, or troubles one experiences in life or work. This word carries a nuance of enduring or overcoming challenges. For example: He went through a lot of hardship「彼はたくさんの苦労をした」(かれはたくさんのくろうをした). Raising children involves a lot of hardship「子供を育てるのは苦労が多い」(こどもをそだてるのはくろうがおおい). The word can also be used in expressions like '苦労する (くろうする)', meaning 'to struggle' or 'to go through difficulties'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4118

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Work, Labor

Reading

Kanji

勤Diligence 労Labor

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '勤労 (きんろう)' refers to the act of labor or work, often in the context of employment or contributing to society. It is commonly used in formal or official contexts, such as discussing labor laws, workers' rights, or societal contributions. For example: Labor Day is a day to honor workers「勤労感謝の日は労働者を称える日です」(きんろうかんしゃのひはろうどうしゃをたたえるひです). He is dedicated to his work「彼は勤労に励んでいます」(かれはきんろうにはげんでいます). The term can also appear in compound words, such as '勤労意欲 (きんろういよく)' (work motivation) or '勤労者 (きんろうしゃ)' (worker).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4119

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Keep

Reading

Kanji

預Deposit

Explanation

The Japanese verb '預かる (あずかる)' means 'to keep' or 'to take care of something temporarily on behalf of someone else'. It is often used when someone entrusts an item, responsibility, or even a person to another for safekeeping. For example: I will keep your luggage「あなたの荷物を預かります」(あなたのにもつをあずかります). She is taking care of my child today「彼女は今日私の子供を預かっています」(かのじょはきょうわたしのこどもをあずかっています). This verb emphasizes the temporary nature of the responsibility and the trust involved in the act of keeping something safe.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4120

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cause, Trigger

Reading

Kanji

引Pull 起Wake up

Explanation

The Japanese verb '引き起こす (ひきおこす)' means 'to cause' or 'to trigger'. It is used to describe the act of bringing about a situation, event, or condition, often with a focus on the consequences. This verb can be used in both positive and negative contexts, but it is more commonly associated with negative outcomes. For example: The heavy rain caused a flood「大雨が洪水を引き起こした」(おおあめがこうずいをひきおこした). His careless remark triggered an argument「彼の不用意な発言が議論を引き起こした」(かれのふよういなはつげんがぎろんをひきおこした). It is important to note that '引き起こす' often implies a direct or significant impact, making it suitable for serious or notable events.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4121

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Overwork

Reading

Kanji

過Exceed, Error 労Labor

Explanation

The Japanese noun '過労 (かろう)' refers to the state of being overworked or suffering from excessive fatigue due to prolonged work. It is often used in contexts related to health, workplace stress, or labor issues. For example: He collapsed from overwork「彼は過労で倒れた」(かれはかろうでたおれた). Overwork can lead to serious health problems「過労は深刻な健康問題を引き起こすことがある」(かろうはしんこくなけんこうもんだいをひきおこすことがある). This term is commonly associated with discussions about work-life balance and the negative effects of excessive working hours.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4122

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Difficulty

Reading

Kanji

困Trouble, Distress 難Difficult

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '困難 (こんなん)' means 'difficulty'. It refers to a state of being hard to accomplish, deal with, or overcome. This word is often used to describe challenging situations, problems, or obstacles. For example: overcoming difficulties「困難を乗り越える」(こんなんをのりこえる). The difficulty of the task「その課題の困難」(そのかだいのこんなん). It can also be used in phrases like 'financial difficulties'「財政困難」(ざいせいこんなん). Note that '困難' is a noun and is often used in formal or serious contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4123

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Spoil

Reading

Kanji

甘Sweet

Explanation

The Japanese verb '甘やかす (あまやかす)' means 'to spoil' or 'to pamper'. It is used to describe the act of indulging someone, often excessively, by giving them too much attention, leniency, or material things. This can lead to the person becoming dependent or lacking discipline. For example: She spoils her child「彼女は子供を甘やかす」(かのじょはこどもをあまやかす). Don't spoil your dog too much「犬を甘やかしすぎないで」(いぬをあまやかしすぎないで). The verb often carries a slightly negative connotation, implying that the indulgence is excessive or harmful.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4124

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Training, Asceticism

Reading

Kanji

修Discipline 行Go

Explanation

The Japanese noun '修行 (しゅぎょう)' primarily refers to rigorous training or discipline, often in the context of mastering a skill, art, or spiritual practice. It can also denote ascetic practices aimed at self-improvement or spiritual enlightenment. For example: He is undergoing rigorous training「彼は厳しい修行をしている」(かれはきびしいしゅぎょうをしている). Monks engage in ascetic practices「僧侶たちは修行に励んでいる」(そうりょたちはしゅぎょうにはげんでいる). This word is commonly used in both secular and religious contexts, emphasizing dedication and perseverance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4125

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Zero

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ゼロ (zero)' means 'zero'. It is used to represent the number 0 or to indicate the absence of something. This word is often used in mathematical contexts, sports scores, or to describe a complete lack of something. For example: The score is zero-zero「スコアはゼロゼロです」(スコアはゼロゼロです). There is zero chance of rain「雨の可能性はゼロです」(あめのかのうせいはゼロです). The word 'ゼロ' is a loanword from English, and it is commonly written in katakana to reflect its foreign origin.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

4126

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Difference

Reading

Kanji

相Mutual 違Differ, Different

Explanation

The Japanese noun '相違 (そうい)' means 'difference'. It is used to describe a distinction or discrepancy between two or more things, ideas, or situations. This word is often used in formal or written contexts to highlight contrasts or disagreements. For example: there is a difference in opinion「意見に相違がある」(いけんにそういがある). The difference between the two plans is clear「二つの計画の相違は明らかだ」(ふたつのけいかくのそういはあきらかだ). Note that '相違' is more formal than other words like '違い (ちがい)', which is more commonly used in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4127

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Chase

Reading

Kanji

追Follow 掛Set, Hang

Explanation

The Japanese verb '追い掛ける (おいかける)' means 'to chase' or 'to pursue'. It is used to describe the action of following someone or something quickly in order to catch them. This verb can be used in both literal and figurative contexts. For example: The dog chased the cat「犬は猫を追い掛けた」(いぬはねこをおいかけた). He is chasing his dreams「彼は夢を追い掛けている」(かれはゆめをおいかけている). The verb often implies a sense of urgency or determination in the pursuit.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4128

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Refrain, Reserve

Reading

Kanji

控Refrain, Abstain

Explanation

The Japanese verb '控える (ひかえる)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to refrain' or 'to hold back' from doing something. For example: Please refrain from smoking here「ここでは喫煙を控えてください」(ここではきつえんをひかえてください). The second meaning is 'to reserve' or 'to keep something in reserve'. For example: I reserved a seat for the meeting「会議の席を控えました」(かいぎのせきをひかえました). The verb can also imply a sense of caution or moderation, depending on the context. It is often used in formal or polite situations.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4129

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Alphabet

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'アルファベット (arufabetto)' refers to the 'alphabet', specifically the Latin alphabet used in English and many other languages. It is a loanword from the English 'alphabet' and is commonly used in contexts related to language learning, writing systems, or when referring to the Romanized form of Japanese (romaji). For example: I am learning the alphabet「アルファベットを勉強しています」(あるふぁべっとをべんきょうしています). The word 'alphabet' is written in アルファベット (arufabetto)「その単語はアルファベットで書かれています」(そのたんごはあるふぁべっとでかかれています). Note that this term is distinct from the Japanese writing systems (hiragana, katakana, kanji) and is used exclusively for the Latin script.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

4130

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fortunate

Reading

Kanji

幸Happiness

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '幸い (さいわい)' means 'fortunate' or 'luckily'. It is used to describe a situation or outcome that is favorable or beneficial. This word can also function as an adverb, meaning 'fortunately' or 'luckily'. For example: Fortunately, it didn't rain「幸い、雨は降らなかった」(さいわい、あめはふらなかった). It was fortunate that he arrived on time「彼が時間通りに到着して幸いだった」(かれがじかんどおりにとうちゃくしてさいわいだった). The word often carries a sense of gratitude or relief about the positive outcome.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4131

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Luck

Reading

Kanji

幸Happiness 運Fortune

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '幸運 (こううん)' means 'luck' or 'good fortune'. It is used to describe a fortunate or lucky situation, event, or outcome. This term often carries a positive connotation and is used in contexts where someone experiences or wishes for good luck. For example: I had good luck today「今日は幸運だった」(きょうはこううんだった). Wishing you good luck「幸運を祈ります」(こううんをいのります). It can also be used to describe someone as lucky, as in '彼は幸運な人だ (かれはこううんなひとだ) (He is a lucky person).'

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4132

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Happiness

Reading

Kanji

幸Happiness 福Blessing

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '幸福 (こうふく)' means 'happiness'. It refers to a state of well-being, contentment, or joy. This word is often used in formal or literary contexts to describe a deep or lasting sense of happiness. For example: I wish you happiness「あなたに幸福を願います」(あなたにこうふくをねがいます). True happiness is hard to find「真の幸福を見つけるのは難しい」(しんのこうふくをみつけるのはむずかしい). Note that '幸福' is more profound and less casual than other words for happiness like '幸せ (しあわせ)', which is more commonly used in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4133

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lick, Underestimate

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'なめる (nameru)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to lick', which refers to the physical action of passing the tongue over something. For example: the cat licked the milk「猫がミルクをなめた」(ねこがミルクをなめた). The second meaning is 'to underestimate', which is used when someone does not take a situation or person seriously. For example: don't underestimate me「私をなめるな」(わたしをなめるな). It's important to note that the context in which 'なめる' is used will determine which meaning is intended.

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

4134

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vote

Reading

Kanji

票Vote, Ballot

Explanation

The Japanese noun '票 (ひょう)' primarily means 'vote'. It refers to a formal expression of preference or opinion in a decision-making process, such as an election or a ballot. This word is commonly used in political or organizational contexts. For example: I cast my vote「私は票を投じた」(わたしはひょうをとうじた). The majority of votes decided the outcome「票の多数が結果を決めた」(ひょうのたすうがけっかをきめた). Note that '票' can also refer to a ballot or a voting slip, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4135

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fishing

Reading

Kanji

漁Fishing 業Business

Explanation

The Japanese noun '漁業 (ぎょぎょう)' refers to the industry or activity of catching fish and other seafood for commercial purposes. It encompasses both the act of fishing and the broader industry that includes processing and selling seafood. This term is often used in discussions about marine resources, sustainability, and the economy. For example: Fishing is an important industry in this town「この町では漁業が重要な産業です」(このまちではぎょぎょうがじゅうようなさんぎょうです). He works in the fishing industry「彼は漁業に従事しています」(かれはぎょぎょうにじゅうじしています). The term can also be used in compound words, such as '漁業権 (ぎょぎょうけん)' (fishing rights) or '漁業協同組合 (ぎょぎょうきょうどうくみあい)' (fishery cooperative).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4136

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dim

Reading

Kanji

薄Thin, Dilute 暗Darkness

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '薄暗い (うすぐらい)' means 'dim'. It is used to describe a place or environment that is not fully lit, often implying a faint or weak light. This word can evoke a sense of gloominess or mystery, depending on the context. For example: The room was dim「部屋は薄暗かった」(へやはうすぐらかった). The forest was dim in the evening「夕方の森は薄暗かった」(ゆうがたのもりはうすぐらかった). Note that '薄暗い' is often used to describe natural lighting conditions, such as twilight or the interior of a poorly lit space.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4137

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dilute

Reading

Kanji

薄Thin, Dilute

Explanation

The Japanese verb '薄める (うすめる)' means 'to dilute'. This verb is used when you want to make a liquid less concentrated by adding water or another solvent. It can also be used metaphorically to describe reducing the intensity of something, such as emotions or colors. For example: dilute the paint with water「絵の具を水で薄める」(えのぐをみずでうすめる). She diluted her anger with a smile「彼女は笑顔で怒りを薄めた」(かのじょはえがおでいかりをうすめた). Note that this verb is transitive, meaning it requires a direct object to indicate what is being diluted.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4138

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Alternation, Relief

Reading

Kanji

交Mix 代Substitute, Era

Explanation

The Japanese noun '交代 (こうたい)' refers to the act of taking turns or replacing someone or something. It can mean 'relief' in the sense of one person taking over a duty from another, or 'alternation' in the sense of a regular change between different states or people. For example: The team made a player substitution「チームは選手交代をした」(チームはせんしゅこうたいをした). There is a shift change at the factory every eight hours「工場では8時間ごとに交代がある」(こうじょうでは8じかんごとにこうたいがある). This term is commonly used in sports, work environments, and any situation involving rotation or replacement.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4139

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Impact

Reading

Kanji

衝Collide 撃Beat, Strike

Explanation

The Japanese noun '衝撃 (しょうげき)' primarily means 'impact'. It refers to a strong effect or influence caused by a physical force or an emotional event. This word can be used in various contexts, such as describing the physical impact of a collision or the emotional shock of unexpected news. For example: The impact of the earthquake was devastating「地震の衝撃は壊滅的だった」(じしんのしょうげきはかいめつてきだった). The news had a huge impact on her「そのニュースは彼女に大きな衝撃を与えた」(そのニュースはかのじょにおおきなしょうげきをあたえた). It's important to note that '衝撃' can also imply a sudden and powerful effect, whether physical or emotional.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4140

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Testimony

Reading

Kanji

証Evidence 言Say

Explanation

The Japanese noun '証言 (しょうげん)' refers to 'testimony' or a formal statement given under oath, typically in a legal context. It is used when someone provides evidence or recounts events they have witnessed. For example: The witness gave his testimony「証人が証言をした」(しょうにんがしょうげんをした). Her testimony was crucial to the case「彼女の証言は事件にとって重要だった」(かのじょのしょうげんはじけんにとってじゅうようだった). This word is commonly used in legal settings, such as courtrooms, but can also appear in everyday contexts when discussing someone's account of events.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4141

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Procurement

Reading

Kanji

調Investigate, Tune 達Attain, Plural

Explanation

The Japanese noun '調達 (ちょうたつ)' refers to the act of procuring or obtaining goods, materials, or services, often in a business or organizational context. It is commonly used in supply chain management, logistics, and corporate settings. For example: The company is responsible for the procurement of raw materials「会社は原材料の調達を担当しています」(かいしゃはげんざいりょうのちょうたつをたんとうしています). We need to procure new equipment「新しい設備を調達する必要があります」(あたらしいせつびをちょうたつするひつようがあります). The term emphasizes the process of sourcing and acquiring necessary resources efficiently.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4142

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tear

Reading

Kanji

破Break, Tear

Explanation

The Japanese verb '破る (やぶる)' primarily means 'to tear'. It is used when referring to the action of ripping or tearing something apart, such as paper or fabric. Additionally, it can be used metaphorically to describe breaking rules, promises, or records. For example: I tore the paper「紙を破った」(かみをやぶった). He broke the promise「彼は約束を破った」(かれはやくそくをやぶった). The athlete broke the world record「その選手は世界記録を破った」(そのせんしゅはせかいきろくをやぶった). This verb is versatile and can be used in both literal and figurative contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4143

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Snore

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'いびき' refers to the sound made by a person while sleeping, commonly known as 'snoring'. It is often used in contexts related to sleep, health, or disturbances caused by loud breathing during sleep. Example sentences include: His snoring is loud「彼のいびきはうるさい」(かれのいびきはうるさい). I couldn't sleep because of the snoring「いびきで眠れなかった」(いびきでねむれなかった).

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

4144

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Light clothing

Reading

Kanji

薄Thin, Dilute 着Arrive, Wear

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '薄着 (うすぎ)' refers to wearing light or thin clothing, typically suitable for warm weather or when trying to stay cool. It is often used in contexts discussing fashion, comfort, or weather-appropriate attire. For example: She prefers light clothing in summer「彼女は夏に薄着を好む」(かのじょはなつにうすぎをこのむ). Wearing light clothing can help you stay cool「薄着をすると涼しく過ごせる」(うすぎをするとすずしくすごせる). This term emphasizes the choice of attire that is less bulky or heavy, suitable for warmer climates or seasons.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4145

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Heavy clothing

Reading

Kanji

厚Thick, Kind 着Arrive, Wear

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '厚着 (あつぎ)' refers to the act of wearing heavy or thick clothing, typically to keep warm in cold weather. It is often used to describe bundling up or layering clothes. For example: She is wearing heavy clothing to stay warm「彼女は厚着をして暖かくしている」(かのじょはあつぎをしてあたたかくしている). In winter, thick clothing is necessary「冬には厚着が必要だ」(ふゆにはあつぎがひつようだ). This term is commonly used in contexts related to cold weather preparation and comfort.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4146

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pressure

Reading

Kanji

気Spirit 圧Pressure

Explanation

The Japanese noun '気圧 (きあつ)' refers to 'atmospheric pressure' or 'air pressure'. It is commonly used in scientific contexts, weather forecasts, and discussions about the environment. For example: The atmospheric pressure is low today「今日は気圧が低い」(きょうはきあつがひくい). Changes in air pressure can affect your health「気圧の変化は健康に影響を与える」(きあつのへんかはけんこうにえいきょうをあたえる). This term is essential in meteorology and can also be used metaphorically to describe a tense or pressurized situation, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4147

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

High pressure

Reading

Kanji

高High, Expensive 気Spirit 圧Pressure

Explanation

The Japanese noun '高気圧 (こうきあつ)' refers to 'high atmospheric pressure'. It is commonly used in weather forecasts and discussions about meteorology. High-pressure systems are often associated with clear skies and stable weather conditions. For example: Today's weather is influenced by high pressure「今日の天気は高気圧に影響されています」(きょうのてんきはこうきあつにえいきょうされています). High pressure brings sunny weather「高気圧は晴れをもたらします」(こうきあつははれをもたらします). This term is essential for understanding weather patterns and forecasts in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4148

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Character, Pattern

Reading

Kanji

柄Design, Handle

Explanation

The Japanese noun '柄 (がら)' can mean 'pattern' or 'character'. When referring to 'pattern', it describes the design or motif on fabric, clothing, or other surfaces. For example: This shirt has a nice pattern「このシャツは柄がいい」(このシャツはがらがいい). When referring to 'character', it describes someone's personality or nature. For example: He has a calm character「彼は落ち着いた柄だ」(かれはおちついたがらだ). The meaning depends on the context in which it is used.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4149

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Slave

Reading

Kanji

奴Servant, Dude 隷Slave

Explanation

The Japanese noun '奴隷 (どれい)' refers to a 'slave', someone who is owned by another person and forced to work without personal freedom. Historically, it was used to describe individuals in servitude, often in contexts of forced labor or subjugation. In modern usage, it can also metaphorically describe someone who is excessively controlled or dominated by another, such as in a relationship or by societal pressures. Example sentences: He was treated like a slave「彼は奴隷のように扱われた」(かれはどれいのようにあつかわれた). Many people were enslaved during that era「その時代には多くの人々が奴隷にされた」(そのじだいにはおおくのひとびとがどれいにされた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4150

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reduction

Reading

Kanji

縮Shrink 小Small

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '縮小 (しゅくしょう)' means 'reduction'. It refers to the act of making something smaller in size, scale, or scope. This term is often used in formal or technical contexts, such as business, science, or policy discussions. For example: The company decided on a reduction in staff「会社は人員の縮小を決定した」(かいしゃはじんいんのしゅくしょうをけっていした). The government is planning a reduction in budget「政府は予算の縮小を計画している」(せいふはよさんのしゅくしょうをけいかくしている). It can also be used in everyday contexts, such as reducing the size of an image「画像の縮小を行った」(がぞうのしゅくしょうをおこなった).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4151

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Smoke

Reading

Kanji

煙Smoke

Explanation

The Japanese noun '煙 (けむり)' means 'smoke'. It refers to the visible vapor and gases given off by burning materials, such as wood, tobacco, or other substances. This word is commonly used in everyday contexts, such as describing smoke from a fire, cigarette smoke, or even metaphorical uses like 'smoke and mirrors'. Example sentences: The smoke from the fire is thick「火事の煙が濃い」(かじのけむりがこい). Cigarette smoke filled the room「タバコの煙が部屋に充満した」(タバコのけむりがへやにじゅうまんした).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4152

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Judiciary

Reading

Kanji

司Director 法Law, Method

Explanation

The Japanese noun '司法 (しほう)' refers to the 'judiciary' or 'judicial system'. It encompasses the system of courts and judges that interpret and apply the law in legal cases. This term is often used in discussions about law, government, and justice. For example: The judiciary is independent「司法は独立している」(しほうはどくりつしている). The judiciary plays a crucial role in maintaining justice「司法は正義を維持する上で重要な役割を果たす」(しほうはせいぎをいじするうえでじゅうようなやくわりをはたす).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4153

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Former

Reading

Kanji

前Before, Front 者Someone

Explanation

The Japanese noun '前者 (ぜんしゃ)' means 'the former' and is used to refer to the first of two things or people mentioned earlier in a conversation or text. It is often paired with '後者 (こうしゃ)', which means 'the latter'. For example: Between tea and coffee, I prefer the former「紅茶とコーヒーのうち、前者が好きです」(こうちゃとコーヒーのうち、ぜんしゃがすきです). When comparing two options, the former is usually the first one mentioned. This word is commonly used in formal or written contexts to avoid repetition.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4154

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tip, Cutting edge

Reading

Kanji

先Before, Previous 端End, Edge

Explanation

The Japanese noun '先端 (せんたん)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'tip', referring to the end or extremity of something, such as the tip of a pencil or a mountain peak. For example: the tip of the pencil is sharp「鉛筆の先端は鋭い」(えんぴつのせんたんはするどい). The second meaning is 'cutting-edge', referring to the forefront of technology, research, or innovation. For example: this company is at the cutting edge of technology「この会社は技術の先端にいる」(このかいしゃはぎじゅつのせんたんにいる). The context will determine which meaning is appropriate.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4155

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Loan

Reading

Kanji

融Fuse, Dissolve 資Capital, Resources

Explanation

The Japanese noun '融資 (ゆうし)' refers to a 'loan' or 'financing'. It is commonly used in financial contexts to describe the act of lending money, often by banks or financial institutions. This term is neutral and can refer to both personal and business loans. For example: The bank approved the loan「銀行は融資を承認した」(ぎんこうはゆうしをしょうにんした). We need financing for the project「そのプロジェクトに融資が必要です」(そのプロジェクトにゆうしがひつようです). Note that '融資' is often used in formal or business settings and implies a structured financial agreement.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4156

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Word

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ワード (waado)' is a loanword from English, meaning 'word'. It is commonly used in contexts related to language, computing, or general communication. For example: I don't understand this word「このワードがわかりません」(このワードがわかりません). Please type the word here「ここにワードを入力してください」(ここにワードをにゅうりょくしてください). The term is often used in technology-related contexts, such as referring to Microsoft Word or other word-processing software.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

4157

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lewd

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'いやらしい (いやらしい)' primarily means 'lewd' or 'obscene'. It is used to describe something that is sexually suggestive or inappropriate in a way that makes people uncomfortable. This word can also carry a nuance of being distasteful or unpleasant beyond just sexual contexts. For example: His behavior was lewd「彼の態度はいやらしかった」(かれのたいどはいやらしかった). That joke was in poor taste「そのジョークはいやらしかった」(そのジョークはいやらしかった). The adjective is often used to criticize actions, comments, or situations that are deemed inappropriate or offensive.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

4158

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Overtake

Reading

Kanji

追Follow 抜Pluck, Extract

Explanation

The Japanese verb '追い抜く (おいぬく)' means 'to overtake'. This verb is used when one moves ahead of someone or something that was previously in front, often in the context of racing, driving, or competition. It can also be used metaphorically to describe surpassing someone in skill, achievement, or progress. For example: The car overtook the truck「その車はトラックを追い抜いた」(そのくるまはトラックをおいぬいた). She overtook her rival in the competition「彼女は競争でライバルを追い抜いた」(かのじょはきょうそうでライバルをおいぬいた). Note that this verb implies a sense of movement and progression, and it is often used in dynamic situations.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4159

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ticket gate

Reading

Kanji

改Reform 札Tag, Bill

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '改札 (かいさつ)' refers to the process of checking and validating tickets at a ticket gate, typically at train stations. It is often used to describe the area where tickets are checked, as well as the act of passing through such a gate. For example: Please go through the ticket gate「改札を通ってください」(かいさつをとおってください). The ticket gate is crowded「改札が混雑している」(かいさつがこんざつしている). This term is essential for navigating public transportation in Japan, as it is a common part of the travel process.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4160

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Gratitude

Reading

Kanji

感Feeling, Sensation 謝Apologize

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '感謝 (かんしゃ)' means 'gratitude'. It refers to the feeling of being thankful or appreciative towards someone or something. This word is commonly used in expressions of thanks, such as '感謝します (かんしゃします)' which means 'I am grateful' or 'I appreciate it'. It can also be used in various contexts to express deep appreciation or acknowledgment of kindness, help, or support received. For example: I feel deep gratitude「深い感謝を感じます」(ふかいかんしゃをかんじます). We express our gratitude to you「あなたに感謝を表します」(あなたにかんしゃをひょうします). The word is often used in formal or heartfelt situations, emphasizing sincerity and respect.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4161

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tuition

Reading

Kanji

月Moon, Month 謝Apologize

Explanation

The Japanese noun '月謝 (げっしゃ)' refers to a monthly fee or payment, most commonly used in the context of tuition for lessons, classes, or training. It is often associated with extracurricular activities like music lessons, sports clubs, or language schools. For example: I pay monthly tuition for piano lessons「ピアノの月謝を払っています」(ぴあののげっしゃをはらっています). The monthly fee for the swimming club is expensive「スイミングクラブの月謝は高いです」(すいみんぐくらぶのげっしゃはたかいです). This term is specific to regular, recurring payments and is not used for one-time fees or general expenses.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4162

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Essential

Reading

Kanji

不Not 可Possible 欠Lack

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不可欠 (ふかけつ)' means 'essential' or 'indispensable'. It is used to describe something that is absolutely necessary or cannot be done without. This term is often used in formal or academic contexts to emphasize the importance of a particular element. For example: Sleep is essential for health「睡眠は健康に不可欠です」(すいみんはけんこうにふかけつです). Teamwork is indispensable for success「チームワークは成功に不可欠だ」(チームワークはせいこうにふかけつだ). Note that '不可欠' is often followed by particles like 'に' or 'な' to modify nouns, as in '不可欠な要素 (ふかけつなようそ) (essential element)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4163

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Federation

Reading

Kanji

連Take along 邦State, Japan

Explanation

The Japanese noun '連邦 (れんぽう)' refers to a 'federation', which is a political entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing states or regions under a central federal government. This term is often used in the context of political science and international relations to describe countries like the United States or Russia, which are federations. For example: The United States is a federation「アメリカは連邦です」(アメリカはれんぽうです). Russia is also a federation「ロシアも連邦です」(ロシアもれんぽうです). The term can also be used in historical contexts, such as referring to the Holy Roman Empire as a federation「神聖ローマ帝国は連邦でした」(しんせいローマていこくはれんぽうでした).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4164

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Intonation

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'イントネーション (intoneeshon)' refers to the rise and fall of the voice in speech, which is crucial for conveying meaning and emotion in spoken language. This term is often used in the context of language learning, linguistics, and music. For example: Her intonation is very clear「彼女のイントネーションはとてもはっきりしている」(かのじょのイントネーションはとてもはっきりしている). The intonation of this sentence is rising「この文のイントネーションは上がっている」(このぶんのイントネーションはあがっている). It's important to note that intonation can significantly affect the meaning of a sentence in Japanese, as it does in many languages.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

4165

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unthinkable

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'とんでも' (tondemo) is often used to express something that is completely unexpected, outrageous, or unthinkable. It is commonly used in phrases like 'とんでもない' (tondemonai), which can mean 'unthinkable', 'absurd', or 'out of the question'. This word is often used to emphasize the speaker's surprise or disbelief. For example: That's unthinkable!「とんでもない！」(とんでもない！). It's absolutely outrageous「それはとんでもないことだ」(それはとんでもないことだ). Note that 'とんでも' is often used in a negative context, but it can also be used to express something positive in a hyperbolic way, such as 'とんでもなく美味しい' (tondemonaku oishii), meaning 'unbelievably delicious'.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

4166

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Doubt

Reading

Kanji

疑Doubt, Suspect

Explanation

The Japanese noun '疑い (うたがい)' means 'doubt'. It refers to a feeling of uncertainty or lack of conviction about something. This word is often used in contexts where there is suspicion or skepticism about a situation, statement, or person. For example: There is no doubt about his innocence「彼の無実に疑いはない」(かれのむじつにうたがいがない). She had doubts about the plan「彼女はその計画に疑いを持っていた」(かのじょはそのけいかくにうたがいをもっていた). The word can also imply suspicion, as in '疑いをかける (うたがいをかける)', which means 'to cast doubt on' or 'to suspect'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4167

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sign, Symbol

Reading

Kanji

記Record 号Number

Explanation

The Japanese noun '記号 (きごう)' refers to a 'symbol' or 'sign'. It is used to describe a mark, character, or visual representation that conveys meaning, often in a concise or abstract way. This word is commonly used in contexts such as mathematics, music, or written language. For example: The symbol for infinity is interesting「無限の記号は面白い」(むげんのきごうはおもしろい). Musical notation uses many signs「楽譜には多くの記号が使われている」(がくふにはおおくのきごうがつかわれている). Note that '記号' can also refer to punctuation marks or other visual indicators in written text.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4168

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stamina

Reading

Kanji

体Body 力Power

Explanation

The Japanese noun '体力 (たいりょく)' refers to physical strength, stamina, or endurance. It is commonly used to describe one's physical ability to perform tasks or endure physical exertion. For example: I need to build up my stamina「体力をつけなければならない」(たいりょくをつけなければならない). He has a lot of stamina「彼は体力がある」(かれはたいりょくがある). This word is often used in contexts related to sports, work, or health, emphasizing the physical aspect of endurance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4169

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Alcohol

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'アルコール (arukouru)' refers to 'alcohol'. This term is commonly used to describe alcoholic beverages or the chemical substance ethanol. It can also refer to alcohol in a medical or industrial context, such as rubbing alcohol. For example: I don't drink alcohol「私はアルコールを飲みません」(わたしはアルコールをのみません). This disinfectant contains alcohol「この消毒液にはアルコールが含まれています」(このしょうどくえきにはアルコールがふくまれています). The word is a direct borrowing from the Dutch word 'alcohol', and it is widely understood in modern Japanese.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

4170

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Enactment

Reading

Kanji

制System, Control 定Determine

Explanation

The Japanese noun '制定 (せいてい)' refers to the act of establishing, enacting, or formulating laws, rules, or systems. It is commonly used in legal, governmental, or organizational contexts to describe the creation of formal regulations or frameworks. For example: the enactment of a new law「新しい法律の制定」(あたらしいほうりつのせいてい). The company established new rules「会社は新しい規則を制定した」(かいしゃはあたらしいきそくをせいていした). This term emphasizes the formal and official nature of the process.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4171

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Alliance

Reading

Kanji

同Same 盟Alliance

Explanation

The Japanese noun '同盟 (どうめい)' means 'alliance'. It refers to a formal agreement or partnership between two or more parties, often for mutual benefit or to achieve a common goal. This term is commonly used in political, military, or business contexts. For example: The two countries formed an alliance「その二つの国は同盟を結んだ」(そのふたつのくにはどうめいをむすんだ). The companies entered into a strategic alliance「その企業は戦略的同盟を結んだ」(そのきぎょうはせんりゃくてきどうめいをむすんだ). The nuance of '同盟' often implies a formal and binding relationship, distinguishing it from more casual partnerships or collaborations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4172

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hit

Reading

Kanji

殴Beat, Assault

Explanation

The Japanese verb '殴る (なぐる)' means 'to hit' or 'to strike', specifically with a fist or hand. It is often used to describe physical violence or a punch. This verb carries a strong connotation of aggression and is typically used in contexts involving conflict or physical altercations. For example: He hit the man「彼はその男を殴った」(かれはそのおとこをなぐった). Don't hit people「人を殴るな」(ひとをなぐるな). The verb can also be used metaphorically, but this is less common. It is important to note that this word is informal and can sound harsh or violent depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4173

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Transparent

Reading

Kanji

透Pass through, Transparent 通Commute, Pass

Explanation

The Japanese verb '透き通る (すきとおる)' means 'to be transparent' or 'to be clear'. It is used to describe something that allows light to pass through it, making it see-through. This verb can be used to describe physical objects like glass or water, as well as more abstract concepts like voices or emotions. For example: The glass is transparent「ガラスが透き通っている」(ガラスがすきとおっている). Her voice is clear and transparent「彼女の声は澄んでいて透き通っている」(かのじょのこえはすんでいてすきとおっている). It can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is pure or untainted, such as a transparent heart「透き通った心」(すきとおったこころ).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4174

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Guidance

Reading

Kanji

指Finger 導Lead, Guide

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '指導 (しどう)' means 'guidance' or 'instruction'. It refers to the act of teaching, directing, or leading someone, often in a formal or professional context. This word is commonly used in educational, coaching, or managerial settings. For example: The teacher provided guidance to the students「先生は生徒に指導をした」(せんせいはせいとにしどうをした). The coach's instruction improved the team's performance「コーチの指導でチームの成績が上がった」(コーチのしどうでチームのせいせきがあがった). It can also imply mentorship or leadership, as in '彼は新しい社員の指導を担当している (かれはあたらしいしゃいんのしどうをたんとうしている) (He is in charge of mentoring new employees).'

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4175

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hope

Reading

Kanji

希Wish, Hope 望Hope, Ambition

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '希望 (きぼう)' means 'hope'. It refers to a feeling of expectation and desire for a particular thing to happen. This word is often used to express aspirations, wishes, or desires for the future. For example: I have hope for the future「私は将来に希望を持っています」(わたしはしょうらいにきぼうをもっています). She lost hope「彼女は希望を失った」(かのじょはきぼうをうしなった). It can also be used in formal contexts, such as in job applications or surveys, to indicate preferences or desires, as in '希望の職種 (きぼうのしょくしゅ) (desired job type)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4176

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sigh

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese interjection 'はー (はー)' is often used to express a sigh, typically conveying feelings such as relief, exhaustion, or resignation. It is a casual expression and is commonly used in spoken language. For example: a sigh of relief「はー、よかった」(はー、よかった). A sigh of tiredness「はー、つかれた」(はー、つかれた). This interjection can also be elongated (e.g., 'はーー') to emphasize the emotion being expressed.

Part Of Speech

interjection

Frequency

4177

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Estimation

Reading

Kanji

推Infer 定Determine

Explanation

The Japanese noun '推定 (すいてい)' refers to an estimation, inference, or presumption based on available information or evidence. It is commonly used in contexts such as statistics, law, or general reasoning to describe a calculated guess or assumption. For example: The population estimation is 10 million「人口の推定は1000万人です」(じんこうのすいていはせんまんにんです). The court made a presumption of innocence「裁判所は無罪の推定をした」(さいばんしょはむざいのすいていをした). This term often implies a logical or scientific basis for the estimation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4178

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Molecule

Reading

Kanji

分Minute, Part 子Child

Explanation

The Japanese noun '分子 (ぶんし)' primarily means 'molecule', referring to the smallest unit of a chemical compound that retains its chemical properties. It is commonly used in scientific contexts, particularly in chemistry and physics. For example: Water is made up of molecules「水は分子でできている」(みずはぶんしでできている). This term can also be used metaphorically to describe a fundamental part or element of something, though this usage is less common. For instance: He is a key molecule in the organization「彼は組織の重要な分子だ」(かれはそしきのじゅうようなぶんしだ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4179

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

User

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ユーザー (yuuzaa)' means 'user'. It is a loanword from English, commonly used in contexts related to technology, software, and services. For example: this app has many users「このアプリはユーザーが多い」(このアプリはユーザーがおおい). The user interface is easy to use「ユーザーインターフェースは使いやすい」(ユーザーインターフェースはつかいやすい). It can also refer to users of products or services in general, such as in: the company values its users「その会社はユーザーを大切にしている」(そのかいしゃはユーザーをたいせつにしている).

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

4180

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rattling

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'がたがた (がたがた)' describes a rattling or clattering sound, often used to depict something shaking or vibrating noisily. It can also metaphorically describe a state of instability or nervousness. For example: The old train was rattling「古い電車ががたがたしていた」(ふるいでんしゃががたがたしていた). She was shaking with nervousness「彼女はがたがた震えていた」(かのじょはがたがたふるえていた). This word is onomatopoeic, capturing the sound or sensation of something loose or unsteady.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

4181

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Disappointment

Reading

Kanji

失Lose, Fault 望Hope, Ambition

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '失望 (しつぼう)' means 'disappointment'. It refers to the feeling of sadness or dissatisfaction when something does not meet one's expectations. This word is often used to express a strong sense of letdown or disillusionment. For example: I felt deep disappointment「私は深い失望を感じた」(わたしはふかいしつぼうをかんじた). His failure caused disappointment among his supporters「彼の失敗は支持者たちに失望を与えた」(かれのしっぱいはしじしゃたちにしつぼうをあたえた). The word can also be used in phrases like '失望する (しつぼうする)' meaning 'to be disappointed'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4182

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Aim

Reading

Kanji

志Intention

Explanation

The Japanese verb '志す (こころざす)' means 'to aim' or 'to aspire'. It is used to express a strong intention or determination to achieve a specific goal or pursue a particular path. This verb often conveys a sense of purpose or ambition. For example: she aims to become a doctor「彼女は医者になることを志している」(かのじょはいしゃになることをこころざしている). He aspires to be a great writer「彼は偉大な作家になることを志している」(かれはいだいなさっかになることをこころざしている). The verb is typically used in formal or serious contexts, emphasizing a long-term commitment to a goal.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4183

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Warm

Reading

Kanji

温Warm

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '温かい (あたたかい)' means 'warm'. It is used to describe something that has a moderate degree of heat, such as warm weather, warm food, or warm feelings. It can also describe a warm-hearted or kind attitude. For example: The soup is warm「スープは温かい」(スープはあたたかい). She has a warm heart「彼女は温かい心を持っている」(かのじょはあたたかいこころをもっている). This adjective is often used in contexts involving comfort, kindness, or physical warmth.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4184

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Front

Reading

Kanji

前Before, Front 方Direction

Explanation

The Japanese noun '前方 (ぜんぽう)' means 'front' or 'forward direction'. It is used to indicate the area or direction that is ahead or in front of something. This word is often used in contexts related to movement, orientation, or spatial awareness. For example: look to the front「前方を見て」(ぜんぽうをみて). The car is moving forward「車は前方に進んでいる」(くるまはぜんぽうにすすんでいる). It can also be used in more abstract contexts, such as 'future' or 'ahead in time', but this usage is less common. The word is typically used in formal or written contexts rather than casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4185

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Spirit

Reading

Kanji

霊Spirits

Explanation

The Japanese noun '霊 (れい)' refers to a 'spirit' or 'soul', often in a supernatural or religious context. It can denote the spirit of a deceased person, a ghost, or a spiritual entity. This word is commonly used in discussions about the afterlife, folklore, or spiritual practices. For example: the spirit of the deceased「亡くなった人の霊」(なくなったひとのれい). She believes in spirits「彼女は霊を信じている」(かのじょはれいをしんじている). It can also appear in compound words like '霊感 (れいかん)' (spiritual intuition) or '霊界 (れいかい)' (spirit world). Note that '霊' carries a nuanced, often mystical connotation and is distinct from more casual terms like '幽霊 (ゆうれい)' (ghost).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4186

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exert

Reading

Kanji

及Reach, Extend

Explanation

The Japanese verb '及ぼす (およぼす)' means 'to exert' or 'to have an influence on'. It is often used to describe the effect or impact that something has on another thing, whether positive or negative. This verb is typically used in formal or written contexts. For example: The new policy will exert a significant influence on the economy「新しい政策は経済に大きな影響を及ぼすでしょう」(あたらしいせいさくはけいざいにおおきなえいきょうをおよぼすでしょう). His actions exerted a negative impact on the team「彼の行動はチームに悪影響を及ぼした」(かれのこうどうはチームにあくえいきょうをおよぼした). Note that '及ぼす' is often followed by the particle 'に' to indicate the target of the influence.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4187

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Help

Reading

Kanji

手Hand 伝Transmit

Explanation

The Japanese verb '手伝う (てつだう)' means 'to help' or 'to assist'. It is commonly used when someone provides assistance to another person, often in a physical or practical sense. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as helping with chores, work, or tasks. For example: I will help you with your homework「宿題を手伝います」(しゅくだいをてつだいます). Can you help me carry this?「これを運ぶのを手伝ってくれますか？」(これをはこぶのをてつだってくれますか？). Note that '手伝う' is often used in situations where the help is temporary or specific to a task, rather than ongoing support.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4188

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pluck, Repel

Reading

Kanji

弾Bullet, Projectile

Explanation

The Japanese verb '弾く (はじく)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to pluck', as in plucking the strings of a musical instrument. For example: he plucks the guitar「彼はギターを弾く」(かれはギターをはじく). The second meaning is 'to repel' or 'to flick away', often used to describe repelling water or flicking something off a surface. For example: the umbrella repels water「傘が水を弾く」(かさがみずをはじく). These two meanings are unrelated and depend on the context in which the verb is used.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4189

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cheating

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'カンニング (kanningu)' refers to the act of cheating, particularly in an academic setting such as during exams. It is derived from the English word 'cunning' and is commonly used in educational contexts. For example: He was caught cheating on the test「彼はテストでカンニングをしているところを見つかった」(かれはテストでカンニングをしているところをみつかった). Cheating is strictly prohibited「カンニングは厳禁です」(カンニングはげんきんです). The term is widely understood and carries a negative connotation, emphasizing dishonesty in academic evaluations.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

4190

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Indoors

Reading

Kanji

室Room 内Inside

Explanation

The Japanese noun '室内 (しつない)' refers to the 'inside of a room' or 'indoors'. It is commonly used to describe activities, events, or conditions that take place inside a building or enclosed space. For example: Let's stay indoors「室内にいましょう」(しつないにいましょう). The indoor temperature is comfortable「室内の温度は快適です」(しつないのおんどはかいてきです). This word is often used in contrast to '室外 (しつがい)', which means 'outdoors'. It can also be used in compound words like '室内遊び (しつないあそび)' (indoor play) or '室内温度 (しつないおんど)' (indoor temperature).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4191

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Kitchen

Reading

Kanji

台Pedestal, Machine 所Place

Explanation

The Japanese noun '台所 (だいどころ)' refers to a 'kitchen', the room or area where food is prepared and cooked. It is commonly used in everyday conversation to describe the space in a home or restaurant where cooking takes place. For example: The kitchen is clean「台所はきれいです」(だいどころはきれいです). I am cooking in the kitchen「台所で料理をしています」(だいどころでりょうりをしています). The word can also imply the financial situation of a household, as in '家の台所 (いえのだいどころ)' meaning 'household finances', though this usage is less common in modern conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4192

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Will

Reading

Kanji

遺Leave behind 言Say

Explanation

The Japanese noun '遺言 (ゆいごん)' refers to a 'will' or 'testament', specifically a legal document that states a person's wishes regarding the distribution of their property and the care of any minor children after their death. It can also refer to a dying wish or last words. For example: He left a will「彼は遺言を残した」(かれはゆいごんをのこした). The will was read after the funeral「遺言は葬式の後に読まれた」(ゆいごんはそうしきのあとによまれた). It's important to note that this word is often used in legal contexts, but can also be used more generally to refer to a person's final wishes.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4193

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stretch

Reading

Kanji

張Spread, Stretch

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '張り (はり)' is often used to indicate a sense of stretch, tension, or extension. It can be attached to nouns to describe something that is stretched or taut, or to convey a feeling of tightness or firmness. For example: a tight rope「張りのあるロープ」(はりのあるロープ). This suffix can also be used metaphorically to describe emotional tension or enthusiasm. For example: full of enthusiasm「張り切っている」(はりきっている). It's important to note that '張り' is often used in compound words to modify the meaning of the base noun, adding a sense of tension or extension.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4194

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Passive, Defenselessness

Reading

Kanji

受Accept 身Body, Self

Explanation

The Japanese noun '受け身 (うけみ)' primarily means 'passive', referring to a state of being acted upon rather than acting. It is often used in contexts such as grammar (passive voice) or martial arts (a defensive stance). Additionally, it can imply a sense of defenselessness or vulnerability. Example sentences: He always takes a passive stance in arguments「彼はいつも議論で受け身だ」(かれはいつもぎろんでうけみだ). In judo, mastering the passive stance is crucial「柔道では受け身をマスターすることが重要だ」(じゅうどうではうけみをますたーすることがじゅうようだ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4195

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Device, Scheme

Reading

Kanji

工Construction 夫Man, Husband

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '工夫 (くふう)' refers to a device, scheme, or contrivance, often implying a clever or inventive solution to a problem. It can be used in various contexts, from physical devices to abstract strategies. For example: He devised a clever scheme to solve the problem「彼は問題を解決するための工夫をした」(かれはもんだいをかいけつするためのくふうをした). This machine is equipped with various devices「この機械には様々な工夫が施されている」(このきかいにはさまざまなくふうがほどこされている). The term emphasizes ingenuity and resourcefulness in overcoming challenges.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4196

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Oh

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese interjection 'あら' is used to express mild surprise, curiosity, or realization. It is often used by women and can convey a range of emotions depending on the context and tone. For example: Oh, is that so?「あら、そうですか？」(あら、そうですか？). Oh, I didn't notice that「あら、気づきませんでした」(あら、きづきませんでした). The interjection is versatile and can be used in both casual and polite conversations, though it is more commonly heard in informal settings.

Part Of Speech

interjection

Frequency

4197

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Signal

Reading

Kanji

信Trust 号Number

Explanation

The Japanese noun '信号 (しんごう)' primarily means 'signal'. It is commonly used to refer to traffic signals, such as traffic lights, but can also refer to other types of signals, such as electrical signals or communication signals. For example: The traffic signal turned red「信号が赤になった」(しんごうがあかになった). The signal is weak「信号が弱い」(しんごうがよわい). This word is often used in everyday conversations, especially when discussing traffic or technology.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4198

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Elderly

Reading

Kanji

年Year 寄Draw near

Explanation

The Japanese noun '年寄り (としより)' refers to an elderly person or someone who is old. It is a respectful term used to describe senior citizens, often implying wisdom and experience. However, it can sometimes carry a slightly informal or colloquial tone depending on the context. For example: The elderly are respected in this town「この町では年寄りが尊敬されている」(このまちではとしよりがそんけいされている). My grandmother is an elderly woman「私の祖母は年寄りです」(わたしのそぼはとしよりです). The term is commonly used in discussions about aging, care for the elderly, or generational differences.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4199

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Orchid

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ラン (ran)' refers to an orchid, a type of flowering plant known for its vibrant and diverse blooms. This word is commonly used in contexts related to botany, gardening, and floral arrangements. For example: The orchid is beautiful「そのランは美しい」(そのランはうつくしい). I bought an orchid for my mother「母にランを買った」(ははにランをかった). It's important to note that 'ラン' specifically refers to orchids and is not used for other types of flowers.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

4200

Composition

katakana

Handwriting