Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Frequency of Use

word

Meaning

Bible

Reading

Kanji

聖Saint, Holy 書Write

Explanation

The Japanese noun '聖書 (せいしょ)' refers to the 'Bible', the sacred text of Christianity. It is used to denote the collection of religious writings considered authoritative in Christianity, including the Old and New Testaments. For example: I read the Bible every day「私は毎日聖書を読みます」(わたしはまいにちせいしょをよみます). The Bible is an important book「聖書は重要な本です」(せいしょはじゅうようなほんです). This word is specifically tied to the Christian context and is not used to refer to religious texts of other religions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4601

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Legend

Reading

Kanji

伝Transmit 説Theory, Explanation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '伝説 (でんせつ)' means 'legend'. It refers to a traditional story or myth that is often passed down through generations, typically involving extraordinary events or characters. This word is commonly used to describe historical or cultural tales that may or may not have a basis in fact. For example: This mountain is famous for its legend「この山は伝説で有名です」(このやまはでんせつでゆうめいです). The legend of the hero has been told for centuries「英雄の伝説は何世紀も語られてきた」(えいゆうのでんせつはなんせいきもかたられてきた). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something or someone that has achieved an almost mythical status due to their extraordinary qualities or achievements.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4602

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Verb

Reading

Kanji

動Move 詞Poetry, Words

Explanation

The Japanese noun '動詞 (どうし)' means 'verb'. It refers to a part of speech that describes an action, state, or occurrence. In Japanese grammar, verbs are essential for constructing sentences and are typically placed at the end of a sentence. For example: The verb 'to eat' is '食べる (たべる)'「動詞の例は食べるです」(どうしのれいはたべるです). Learning verbs is crucial for understanding and forming sentences in Japanese, as they often change form to indicate tense, politeness, or other grammatical aspects.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4603

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hat

Reading

Kanji

帽Hat, Headgear 子Child

Explanation

The Japanese noun '帽子 (ぼうし)' means 'hat'. This word refers to any type of head wear, such as caps, beanies, or formal hats. It is commonly used in everyday conversations when discussing clothing or accessories. For example: I bought a new hat「新しい帽子を買いました」(あたらしいぼうしをかいました). She is wearing a red hat「彼女は赤い帽子をかぶっています」(かのじょはあかいぼうしをかぶっています). The word can also be used metaphorically in some contexts, but its primary meaning is literal.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4604

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Preservation, Conservation

Reading

Kanji

保Preserve 全Whole, All

Explanation

The Japanese noun '保全 (ほぜん)' refers to the act of preserving or conserving something, often in the context of maintaining its original state or preventing damage. It is commonly used in fields such as environmental protection, cultural heritage, and infrastructure maintenance. For example: environmental preservation is important「環境保全は大切です」(かんきょうほぜんはたいせつです). The conservation of historical buildings「歴史的建造物の保全」(れきしてきけんぞうぶつのほぜん). This word emphasizes the proactive effort to protect and maintain something valuable.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4605

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Apply, Bestow

Reading

Kanji

施Alms, Carry out

Explanation

The Japanese verb '施す (ほどこす)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to bestow' or 'to give', often used in the context of providing help, charity, or something beneficial to others. For example: He bestowed charity on the poor「彼は貧しい人々に施しをした」(かれはまずしいひとびとにほどこしをした). The second meaning is 'to apply' or 'to administer', such as applying a treatment or remedy. For example: The doctor applied a new treatment「医師は新しい治療を施した」(いしはあたらしいちりょうをほどこした). The verb carries a formal tone and is often used in contexts involving care, aid, or professional actions.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4606

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sea bathing

Reading

Kanji

海Sea 水Water 浴Bathe

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '海水浴 (かいすいよく)' refers to the activity of swimming or bathing in the sea, often for leisure or health purposes. It is commonly associated with summer activities and beach outings. For example: We went seabathing yesterday「昨日、海水浴に行きました」(きのう、かいすいよくにいきました). Seabathing is popular in summer「海水浴は夏に人気です」(かいすいよくはなつににんきです). The term is often used in contexts related to vacation, relaxation, and enjoying the beach environment.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4607

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Beach

Reading

Kanji

砂Sand 浜Beach

Explanation

The Japanese noun '砂浜 (すなはま)' refers to a sandy beach, specifically the area of the shore covered in sand. It is commonly used to describe coastal areas where sand is the primary feature, often associated with leisure activities like swimming, sunbathing, or playing. For example: The children are playing on the beach「子供たちは砂浜で遊んでいる」(こどもたちはすなはまであそんでいる). The sandy beach stretches far「砂浜が遠くまで続いている」(すなはまがとおくまでつづいている). This word emphasizes the sandy nature of the beach, distinguishing it from rocky or pebbly shores.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4608

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Spring

Reading

Kanji

泉Spring, Fountain

Explanation

The Japanese noun '泉 (いずみ)' refers to a natural spring or fountain, typically a source of water that flows from the ground. It can also metaphorically represent a source of something valuable or abundant, such as knowledge or inspiration. For example: the spring is clear「泉は澄んでいる」(いずみはすんでいる). This place is like a spring of wisdom「この場所は知恵の泉のようだ」(このばしょはちえのいずみのようだ). The word is often used in both literal and figurative contexts, emphasizing purity, freshness, or abundance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4609

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fatigue

Reading

Kanji

疲Tire, Exhausted

Explanation

The Japanese noun '疲れ (つかれ)' means 'fatigue' or 'tiredness'. It refers to the physical or mental state of being exhausted or worn out. This word is commonly used to describe the feeling after exertion, stress, or lack of rest. For example: I feel fatigue「疲れを感じる」(つかれをかんじる). His fatigue is noticeable「彼の疲れが目立つ」(かれのつかれがめだつ). It can also be used in phrases like '疲れが取れる (つかれがとれる)', meaning 'to recover from fatigue'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4610

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Startup

Reading

Kanji

起Wake up 動Move

Explanation

The Japanese noun '起動 (きどう)' refers to the act of starting up or booting up a device, system, or machine. It is commonly used in the context of technology, such as computers, smartphones, or software. For example: the startup of the computer is slow「パソコンの起動が遅い」(ぱそこんのきどうがおそい). Please wait for the system to start up「システムの起動をお待ちください」(しすてむのきどうをまちください). This term is essential in technical discussions and everyday usage when referring to the initialization of electronic devices.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4611

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Secretary

Reading

Kanji

秘Secret 書Write

Explanation

The Japanese noun '秘書 (ひしょ)' refers to a 'secretary', someone who assists in administrative tasks, manages schedules, and handles correspondence, often for executives or high-ranking officials. This term is commonly used in professional settings. Example sentences: She is the president's secretary「彼女は社長の秘書です」(かのじょはしゃちょうのひしょです). I need to hire a new secretary「新しい秘書を雇う必要があります」(あたらしいひしょをやとうひつようがあります). The role of a secretary often involves confidentiality and organizational skills.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4612

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Carry, Possess

Reading

Kanji

帯Belt, Wear

Explanation

The Japanese verb '帯びる (おびる)' primarily means 'to carry' or 'to possess'. It is often used to describe carrying something physically, such as a weapon, or possessing an abstract quality, such as a characteristic or responsibility. For example: he carries a sword「彼は剣を帯びている」(かれはけんをおびている). This plan possesses great risk「この計画は大きなリスクを帯びている」(このけいかくはおおきなリスクをおびている). The verb can also imply a sense of bearing or having something inherently, such as a duty or a certain atmosphere. For instance: the room carries a mysterious atmosphere「その部屋は神秘的な雰囲気を帯びている」(そのへやはしんぴてきなふんいきをおびている).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4613

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Complete, Fabricate

Reading

Kanji

作Make 上Up

Explanation

The Japanese verb '作り上げる (つくりあげる)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to complete' or 'to finish creating something', often implying a sense of accomplishment or effort. For example: he completed the sculpture「彼は彫刻を作り上げた」(かれはちょうこくをつくりあげた). The second meaning is 'to fabricate' or 'to concoct', often used in a negative sense to describe creating something false or deceptive. For example: she fabricated a story「彼女は話を作り上げた」(かのじょははなしをつくりあげた). The verb is commonly used in both literal and figurative contexts, and its meaning depends on the situation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4614

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Swallow, Comprehend

Reading

Kanji

飲Drink 込Put in, Crowded

Explanation

The Japanese verb '飲み込む (のみこむ)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to swallow', referring to the physical act of consuming food or drink. For example: he swallowed the pill「彼は薬を飲み込んだ」(かれはくすりをのみこんだ). The second meaning is 'to comprehend' or 'to grasp', often used metaphorically to describe understanding something fully. For example: she quickly comprehended the situation「彼女はすぐに状況を飲み込んだ」(かのじょはすぐにじょうきょうをのみこんだ). The verb can be used in both literal and figurative contexts, making it versatile in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4615

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Scream

Reading

Kanji

叫Shout

Explanation

The Japanese noun '叫び (さけび)' means 'scream' or 'shout'. It refers to a loud, sharp cry, often expressing strong emotion such as fear, anger, or excitement. This word is commonly used in both literal and metaphorical contexts. For example: a scream of terror「恐怖の叫び」(きょうふのさけび). The artist's painting was a scream of despair「その画家の絵は絶望の叫びだった」(そのがかのえはぜつぼうのさけびだった). Note that '叫び' can also be used to describe a cry for help or a passionate outcry, as in '助けを求める叫び (たすけをもとめるさけび) (a cry for help)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4616

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Smoking

Reading

Kanji

喫Ingest, Consume 煙Smoke

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '喫煙 (きつえん)' refers to the act of smoking, particularly tobacco. It is commonly used in contexts related to health, regulations, or habits. For example: Smoking is prohibited here「ここでは喫煙は禁止されています」(ここではきつえんはきんしされています). He quit smoking last year「彼は去年喫煙をやめました」(かれはきょねんきつえんをやめました). The word is often seen in signs or public notices, such as '喫煙所 (きつえんじょ)' (smoking area). It is important to note that this term is neutral in tone and does not carry any positive or negative connotations by itself.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4617

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Suffering

Reading

Kanji

苦Suffer

Explanation

The Japanese noun '苦しみ (くるしみ)' means 'suffering'. It refers to physical or emotional pain, distress, or hardship. This word is often used in contexts related to personal struggles, life challenges, or philosophical discussions about the nature of pain. For example: he endured great suffering「彼は大きな苦しみに耐えた」(かれはおおきなくるしみにたえた). The suffering of the patients was evident「患者たちの苦しみは明らかだった」(かんじゃたちのくるしみはあきらかだった). It can also be used metaphorically, such as in 'the suffering of the soul'「魂の苦しみ」(たましいのくるしみ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4618

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Expenses

Reading

Kanji

経Manage, Elapse 費Expense

Explanation

The Japanese noun '経費 (けいひ)' refers to 'expenses' or 'costs', particularly those incurred in the course of business or work-related activities. It is commonly used in professional or financial contexts to describe expenditures necessary for operations, such as office supplies, travel costs, or other operational outlays. For example: The company covers all business expenses「会社はすべての経費を負担します」(かいしゃはすべてのけいひをふたんします). We need to reduce unnecessary expenses「不要な経費を削減する必要があります」(ふようなけいひをさくげんするひつようがあります). This term is often used in accounting or budgeting discussions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4619

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Meeting, Gathering

Reading

Kanji

集Gather 会Meet

Explanation

The Japanese noun '集会 (しゅうかい)' refers to a formal or informal gathering of people, often for a specific purpose such as discussion, planning, or protest. It can be used in various contexts, from community meetings to political rallies. For example: There will be a meeting tomorrow「明日集会があります」(あしたしゅうかいがあります). The gathering was peaceful「その集会は平和でした」(そのしゅうかいへいわでした). The word can also imply a sense of organization or collective action, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4620

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bamboo

Reading

Kanji

竹Bamboo

Explanation

The Japanese noun '竹 (たけ)' refers to 'bamboo', a fast-growing plant that is widely used in Japan for construction, crafts, and as a food source. Bamboo holds cultural significance in Japan and is often associated with strength, flexibility, and resilience. Example sentences: Bamboo grows quickly「竹は早く成長する」(たけははやくせいちょうする). The fence is made of bamboo「その柵は竹でできている」(そのさくはたけでできている). Bamboo shoots are a popular ingredient in Japanese cuisine「竹の子は日本料理で人気の食材です」(たけのこはにほんりょうりでにんきのしょくざいです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4621

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Favor

Reading

Kanji

恩Grace, Kindness

Explanation

The Japanese noun '恩 (おん)' means 'favor' or 'kindness', often implying a sense of gratitude or indebtedness for a good deed or help received. It is deeply rooted in Japanese culture, where reciprocating kindness is highly valued. Example sentences: I will never forget your favor「あなたの恩は決して忘れません」(あなたのおんはけっしてわすれません). He owes a debt of gratitude to his teacher「彼は先生に恩がある」(かれはせんせいにおんがある). The concept of '恩' is often associated with the idea of '恩返し (おんがえし)', which means repaying a favor.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4622

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wheat

Reading

Kanji

小Small 麦Wheat

Explanation

The Japanese noun '小麦 (こむぎ)' refers to 'wheat', the grain used to make flour, bread, and other food products. It is a staple ingredient in many cuisines and is commonly used in Japan for making udon noodles, bread, and pastries. Example sentences: Wheat is grown in this region「この地域では小麦が栽培されている」(このちいきではこむぎがさいばいされている). Bread is made from wheat「パンは小麦から作られる」(パンはこむぎからつくられる). The word is often used in agricultural or culinary contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4623

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Engrossed

Reading

Kanji

夢Dream 中Center

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '夢中 (むちゅう)' means 'engrossed' or 'absorbed'. It describes a state of being completely focused or captivated by something, often to the point of losing awareness of one's surroundings. This word is commonly used to express deep involvement in activities, hobbies, or emotions. For example: I was engrossed in the game「ゲームに夢中だった」(ゲームにむちゅうだった). She is absorbed in her studies「彼女は勉強に夢中です」(かのじょはべんきょうにむちゅうです). The word can also imply a sense of obsession or infatuation, as in: He is infatuated with her「彼は彼女に夢中だ」(かれはかのじょにむちゅうだ).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4624

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Group, Squad

Reading

Kanji

班Group, Squad

Explanation

The Japanese noun '班 (はん)' refers to a small group or squad, often organized for a specific purpose or task. It is commonly used in contexts such as school activities, work projects, or military units. For example: The students formed a group for the project「学生たちはプロジェクトのための班を作った」(がくせいたちはぷろじぇくとのためのはんをつくった). The squad completed the mission successfully「班は任務を成功させた」(はんはにんむをせいこうさせた). The word emphasizes the organized and functional nature of the group, rather than just a casual gathering.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4625

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Canada

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun 'カナダ (カナダ)' refers to the country Canada. It is written in katakana, as is typical for foreign country names in Japanese. This word is used in the same way as in English, to refer to the country, its people, or things related to Canada. For example: I want to visit Canada「カナダに行きたいです」(カナダにいきたいです). She is from Canada「彼女はカナダ出身です」(かのじょはカナダしゅっしんです). Maple syrup is famous in Canada「メープルシロップはカナダで有名です」(メープルシロップはカナダでゆうめいです).

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Frequency

4626

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Illuminate

Reading

Kanji

照Shine, Illuminate

Explanation

The Japanese verb '照らす (てらす)' means 'to illuminate' or 'to shine a light on'. It is used to describe the action of casting light on something, making it visible or bright. This verb can be used both literally, such as shining a light on an object, and metaphorically, such as shedding light on a situation or idea. For example: The moon illuminates the night「月が夜を照らす」(つきがよるをてらす). The new evidence illuminated the truth「新しい証拠が真実を照らした」(あたらしいしょうこがしんじつをてらした). Note that '照らす' is often used in contexts where light reveals or clarifies something.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4627

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Flour

Reading

Kanji

小Small 麦Wheat 粉Flour, Powder

Explanation

The Japanese noun '小麦粉 (こむぎこ)' specifically refers to 'wheat flour'. It is commonly used in cooking and baking contexts. For example: I bought wheat flour to make bread「パンを作るために小麦粉を買いました」(パンをつくるためにこむぎこをかいました). This cake is made with wheat flour「このケーキは小麦粉で作られています」(このケーキはこむぎこでつくられています). It is important to note that '小麦粉' is distinct from other types of flour, such as rice flour (米粉, こめこ) or potato starch (片栗粉, かたくりこ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4628

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unnoticed

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'いつのまに (itsunomani)' means 'unnoticed' or 'without realizing'. It is used to express that something happened without the speaker or someone else being aware of it. This word often conveys a sense of surprise or realization about a change or event that occurred subtly or over time. For example: When did you get so tall?「いつのまにそんなに背が高くなったの？」(いつのまにそんなにせがたかくなったの？). I didn't notice when it started raining「いつのまに雨が降り始めた」(いつのまにあめがふりはじめた). The word is commonly used in casual conversations and can imply a sense of wonder or reflection on how time passes unnoticed.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

4629

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Barley

Reading

Kanji

大Big 麦Wheat

Explanation

The Japanese noun '大麦 (おおむぎ)' refers to 'barley', a type of cereal grain. It is commonly used in food products, beverages, and animal feed. Barley is a staple ingredient in Japanese cuisine, particularly in dishes like barley tea (麦茶, むぎちゃ) and barley rice (麦ご飯, むぎごはん). Example sentences: I drink barley tea every day「毎日大麦茶を飲みます」(まいにちおおむぎちゃをのみます). Barley is used to make beer「大麦はビールを作るのに使われます」(おおむぎはびーるをつくるのにつかわれます).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4630

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cooking

Reading

Kanji

炊Boil, Cook 事Thing

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '炊事 (すいじ)' refers to the act of cooking or meal preparation, particularly in the context of daily household tasks. It often implies the process of preparing meals, including tasks like washing, cutting, and cooking ingredients. This term is commonly used in domestic settings and can also refer to the overall management of kitchen duties. Example sentences include: I do the cooking every day「毎日炊事をします」(まいにちすいじをします). She is good at cooking「彼女は炊事が上手です」(かのじょはすいじがじょうずです).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4631

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Calendar

Reading

Kanji

暦Calendar, Almanac

Explanation

The Japanese noun '暦 (こよみ)' refers to a 'calendar'. It is used to denote a system for organizing days, weeks, months, and years, often used for planning and scheduling. This word can refer to both physical calendars and digital ones. For example: I bought a new calendar「新しい暦を買いました」(あたらしいこよみをかいました). The calendar shows the holidays「その暦は祝日を示しています」(そのこよみはしゅくじつをしめしています). The term can also be used in a broader sense to refer to the passage of time or the cycle of seasons, as in 'the calendar of the seasons' (季節の暦, きせつのこよみ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4632

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Silver

Reading

Kanji

銀Silver

Explanation

The Japanese noun '銀 (ぎん)' means 'silver'. It refers to the precious metal silver, which is often used in jewelry, coins, and other valuable items. This word can also be used metaphorically to describe something of high quality or value, similar to how 'silver' is used in English. Example sentences: This ring is made of silver「この指輪は銀でできている」(このゆびわはぎんでできている). Silver is a precious metal「銀は貴金属です」(ぎんはききんぞくです). The word can also appear in compound words, such as '銀色 (ぎんいろ)' meaning 'silver color'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4633

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fur

Reading

Kanji

毛Fur 皮Skin

Explanation

The Japanese noun '毛皮 (けがわ)' refers to 'fur', specifically the skin and hair of an animal, often used for clothing or decoration. This word is commonly used in contexts related to fashion, animal products, or natural materials. For example: She wears a fur coat「彼女は毛皮のコートを着ている」(かのじょはけがわのコートをきている). This shop sells fur products「この店は毛皮製品を売っている」(このみせはけがわせいひんをうっている). The word can also evoke discussions about ethical concerns regarding the use of animal fur.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4634

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Yarn

Reading

Kanji

毛Fur 糸Thread

Explanation

The Japanese noun '毛糸 (けいと)' refers to 'yarn', specifically woolen yarn used for knitting or crocheting. It is commonly used in contexts related to crafting, knitting, or making clothing. For example: I bought some yarn「毛糸を買いました」(けいとをかいました). She is knitting with red yarn「彼女は赤い毛糸で編み物をしています」(かのじょはあかいけいとであみものをしています). The word is often associated with handmade items and cozy, warm clothing.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4635

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Independence

Reading

Kanji

自Self 主Master

Explanation

The Japanese noun '自主 (じしゅ)' refers to 'independence' or 'self-reliance'. It is often used to describe the ability or state of acting on one's own initiative, without external control or influence. This term is commonly used in contexts related to personal responsibility, self-governance, or autonomous decision-making. For example: She values her independence「彼女は自主を大切にする」(かのじょはじしゅをたいせつにする). The students organized the event on their own initiative「学生たちは自主的にイベントを企画した」(がくせいたちはじしゅてきにイベントをきかくした). The concept of '自主' is highly regarded in Japanese culture, particularly in educational and professional settings, where it is seen as a positive trait.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4636

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vehicle

Reading

Kanji

車Car 両Both

Explanation

The Japanese noun '車両 (しゃりょう)' refers to a 'vehicle'. This term is commonly used in contexts related to transportation, such as trains, cars, or any type of rolling stock. It is a formal term and is often used in technical or official settings. For example: The train has ten vehicles「その列車は車両が十両ある」(そのれっしゃはしゃりょうがじゅうりょうある). The damaged vehicle was removed from the track「損傷した車両が線路から撤去された」(そんしょうしたしゃりょうがせんろからてっきょされた). This word is also used in compound terms like '車両基地 (しゃりょうきち)' (vehicle depot) or '車両限界 (しゃりょうげんかい)' (vehicle clearance).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4637

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Introduce

Reading

Kanji

名Name 乗Ride

Explanation

The Japanese verb '名乗る (なのる)' means 'to introduce oneself' or 'to give one's name'. It is used when someone formally or officially states their name, often in situations like introductions, formal meetings, or when identifying oneself. For example: He introduced himself as Tanaka「彼は田中と名乗った」(かれはたなかとなのった). The suspect refused to give his name「容疑者は名乗ることを拒んだ」(ようぎしゃはなのることをこばんだ). This verb can also imply a sense of pride or identity when stating one's name, especially in historical or formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4638

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Inflation

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'インフレーション (infureeshon)' is a loanword derived from the English word 'inflation'. It refers to the economic phenomenon where the general price level of goods and services rises over time, leading to a decrease in the purchasing power of money. This term is commonly used in discussions about economics, finance, and government policies. For example: Inflation is rising「インフレーションが上昇している」(infureeshon ga joushou shiteiru). The government is trying to control inflation「政府はインフレーションをコントロールしようとしている」(seifu wa infureeshon o kontorooru shiyou to shiteiru). It's important to note that 'インフレーション' is often used interchangeably with the shorter form 'インフレ (infure)', which carries the same meaning but is more casual.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

4639

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Gray hair

Reading

Kanji

白White 髪Hair

Explanation

The Japanese noun '白髪 (しらが)' refers to 'gray hair' or 'white hair'. It is commonly used to describe hair that has lost its natural color due to aging or stress. This word is often used in contexts related to aging or appearance. For example: My father has gray hair「父は白髪だ」(ちちはしらがだ). She noticed a few gray hairs「彼女は白髪を数本見つけた」(かのじょはしらがをすうほんみつけた). The term can also carry a poetic or reflective nuance when discussing the passage of time or life changes.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4640

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Towel

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'タオル (taoru)' refers to a 'towel'. It is a loanword derived from the English word 'towel' and is commonly used in everyday Japanese. Towels are essential items in Japanese households, often used for drying off after bathing or for wiping hands. For example: Please bring a towel「タオルを持ってきてください」(タオルをもってきてください). This towel is soft「このタオルは柔らかいです」(このタオルはやわらかいです). In Japan, it's common to see small hand towels called 'tenugui' (手拭い) used in traditional settings, but 'タオル' generally refers to the Western-style towel.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

4641

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Female

Reading

Kanji

雌Female

Explanation

The Japanese noun '雌 (めす)' refers to the female of a species, particularly in animals. It is commonly used to distinguish the sex of animals, such as in '雌の猫 (めすのねこ)' meaning 'female cat'. This term is often used in biological contexts or when specifying the gender of animals. For example: That is a female bird「あれは雌の鳥です」(あれはめすのとりです). The female dog is gentle「雌の犬はおとなしい」(めすのいぬはおとなしい). Note that '雌' is less commonly used for humans; instead, '女性 (じょせい)' is preferred when referring to female humans.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4642

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Right, Light

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ライト (raito)' has two distinct meanings depending on the context. The first meaning is 'light', referring to illumination or a source of light. For example: the light is bright「ライトが明るい」(らいとがあかるい). The second meaning is 'right', as in the opposite of left. For example: turn right「右に曲がる」(みぎにまがる). It's important to note that 'ライト' is a loanword from English, and its meaning can vary based on the situation. When used to mean 'light', it often refers to artificial light sources like lamps or bulbs. When used to mean 'right', it is typically used in directional contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

4643

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Name

Reading

Kanji

名Name 付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese verb '名付ける (なづける)' means 'to name'. It is used when giving a name to someone or something, often in a formal or deliberate manner. This verb is commonly used in contexts such as naming a child, a pet, or even a project. For example: They named their daughter Sakura「彼らは娘をさくらと名付けた」(かれらはむすめをさくらとなづけた). The scientist named the new species『科学者は新種を名付けた』(かがくしゃはしんしゅをなづけた). The verb can also imply a sense of significance or thoughtfulness in the naming process, as it is not used casually.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4644

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Otolaryngology

Reading

Kanji

耳Ear 鼻Nose 科Section, Department

Explanation

The Japanese noun '耳鼻科 (じびか)' refers to the medical field of otolaryngology, which deals with conditions related to the ear, nose, and throat. This term is commonly used in medical contexts and is often seen on signs or in hospital departments. For example: I went to the otolaryngology department「耳鼻科に行きました」(じびかにいきました). The otolaryngology clinic is on the third floor「耳鼻科の診察室は3階です」(じびかのしんさつしつはさんかいです). This word is a combination of three kanji: 耳 (ear), 鼻 (nose), and 科 (department or field).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4645

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Interpretation

Reading

Kanji

解Solve, Untie 釈Release, Explanation

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '解釈 (かいしゃく)' means 'interpretation'. It refers to the act of explaining or understanding the meaning of something, such as a text, situation, or event. This word is often used in academic, legal, or philosophical contexts. For example: His interpretation of the law was unique「彼の法律の解釈は独特だった」(かれのほうりつのかいしゃくはどくとくだった). The teacher's interpretation of the poem was insightful「先生の詩の解釈は洞察に富んでいた」(せんせいのしのかいしゃくはどうさつにとんでいた). It can also imply a subjective understanding, as interpretations may vary depending on the individual.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4646

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Continuation

Reading

Kanji

持Hold 続Continue

Explanation

The Japanese noun '持続 (じぞく)' means 'continuation' or 'sustaining'. It refers to the act of maintaining or prolonging a state, condition, or activity over time. This word is often used in contexts related to sustainability, persistence, or ongoing processes. For example: The continuation of peace is important「平和の持続は重要です」(へいわのじぞくはじゅうようです). Sustaining economic growth is challenging「経済成長の持続は難しい」(けいざいせいちょうのじぞくはむずかしい). It can also be used in scientific or technical contexts to describe the duration or persistence of a phenomenon.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4647

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Amateur

Reading

Kanji

素Element 人Person

Explanation

The Japanese noun '素人 (しろうと)' refers to someone who is an amateur or lacks professional experience in a particular field. It is often used to contrast with 'プロ (ぷろ)' (professional). The term can carry a neutral or slightly negative connotation, depending on the context, implying inexperience or lack of skill. For example: He is just an amateur「彼はただの素人だ」(かれはただのしろうとだ). I'm still an amateur at cooking「私はまだ料理の素人です」(わたしはまだりょうりのしろうとです). The word can also be used in contexts like hobbies or activities, such as '素人写真 (しろうとしゃしん)' (amateur photography).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4648

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Understand

Reading

Kanji

解Solve, Untie

Explanation

The Japanese verb '解する (かいする)' means 'to understand' or 'to comprehend'. It is often used in formal or literary contexts to describe the act of grasping the meaning or essence of something. This verb can be used for abstract concepts, ideas, or explanations. For example: I understand the meaning of this poem「この詩の意味を解する」(このしのいみをかいする). He couldn't comprehend the complex theory「彼はその複雑な理論を解することができなかった」(かれはそのふくざつなりろんをかいすることができなかった). Note that '解する' is more formal than the more commonly used '理解する (りかいする)'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4649

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Polish

Reading

Kanji

磨Polish

Explanation

The Japanese verb '磨く (みがく)' primarily means 'to polish'. It is used when referring to the act of making something smooth and shiny by rubbing, such as polishing shoes, silverware, or even one's skills. For example: I polished my shoes「靴を磨いた」(くつをみがいた). He is polishing his skills「彼はスキルを磨いている」(かれはスキルをみがいている). The verb can also metaphorically refer to refining or improving abilities, talents, or qualities. Note that the verb is transitive and typically requires a direct object.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4650

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Weekend

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ウィークエンド (wiikuendo)' is a loanword from English, meaning 'weekend'. It refers to the period from Saturday to Sunday, which is typically a time for rest or leisure activities in Japan. This word is commonly used in casual conversations and is understood by most Japanese speakers. Example sentences: I enjoy the weekend「ウィークエンドを楽しみます」(ウィークエンドをたのしみます). The weekend is short「ウィークエンドは短い」(ウィークエンドはみじかい). Note that while '週末 (しゅうまつ)' is the native Japanese term for 'weekend', 'ウィークエンド' is often used in contexts influenced by Western culture or in more casual settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

4651

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Queen

Reading

Kanji

女Woman 王King

Explanation

The Japanese noun '女王 (じょおう)' means 'queen'. It refers to a female monarch or the wife of a king. This term is used in both historical and modern contexts to denote a woman who holds the highest position of power in a monarchy. It can also be used metaphorically to describe a woman who is preeminent in a particular field or domain. Example sentences: The queen is loved by her people「女王は国民に愛されている」(じょおうはこくみんにあいされている). She is the queen of the fashion world「彼女はファッション界の女王だ」(かのじょはファッションかいのじょおうだ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4652

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Progress

Reading

Kanji

進Advance 展Unfold, Expand

Explanation

The Japanese noun '進展 (しんてん)' means 'progress' or 'advancement'. It is used to describe the development or forward movement of a situation, project, or event. This word is often used in formal or professional contexts, such as business, research, or negotiations. For example: The project is making progress「プロジェクトは進展している」(ぷろじぇくとはしんてんしている). There has been significant progress in the negotiations「交渉に大きな進展があった」(こうしょうにおおきなしんてんがあった). Note that '進展' emphasizes measurable or noticeable progress, rather than gradual or subtle changes.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4653

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Aforementioned

Reading

Kanji

前Before, Front 掲Hoist, Display, Hold up

Explanation

The Japanese noun '前掲 (ぜんけい)' means 'aforementioned' or 'previously mentioned'. It is often used in formal or written contexts to refer to something that has already been stated or listed earlier in a document, text, or discussion. For example: as mentioned in the aforementioned document「前掲の文書に記載されている通り」(ぜんけいのぶんしょにきさいされているとおり). The aforementioned points are crucial「前掲のポイントは重要です」(ぜんけいのポイントはじゅうようです). This term is typically used in academic, legal, or professional settings to avoid repetition and maintain clarity.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4654

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Add

Reading

Kanji

添Add to, Annexed

Explanation

The Japanese verb '添える (そえる)' means 'to add' or 'to accompany'. It is often used to describe adding something extra to complement or enhance the main item, such as adding a garnish to a dish or including a note with a gift. For example: I added a note to the gift「プレゼントにメモを添えた」(ぷれぜんとにめもをそえた). The chef added parsley to the dish「シェフは料理にパセリを添えた」(しぇふはりょうりにぱせりをそえた). This verb can also imply providing something supplementary or supportive, as in adding an explanation to a document.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4655

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Glass door

Reading

Kanji

戸Door

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ガラス戸 (がらすど)' refers to a 'glass door'. This term is used to describe a door that is made primarily of glass, often seen in modern architecture or as part of sliding doors in Japanese homes. It combines 'ガラス (がらす)', meaning 'glass', with '戸 (ど)', meaning 'door'. For example: The glass door is transparent「ガラス戸は透明です」(がらすどはとうめいです). Please close the glass door「ガラス戸を閉めてください」(がらすどをしめてください). This term is commonly used in both residential and commercial contexts to specify the type of door.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4656

Composition

kanji-katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fresh

Reading

Kanji

新New 鮮Fresh, Vivid

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '新鮮 (しんせん)' means 'fresh'. It is commonly used to describe food, produce, or ingredients that are recently harvested, prepared, or in good condition. It can also be used metaphorically to describe new or refreshing ideas, experiences, or perspectives. For example: This fish is fresh「この魚は新鮮だ」(このさかなはしんせんだ). I want to try fresh vegetables「新鮮な野菜を食べたい」(しんせんなやさいをたべたい). The presentation gave me a fresh perspective「そのプレゼンテーションは新鮮な視点を与えてくれた」(そのプレゼンテーションはしんせんしてんをあたえてくれた).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4657

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bereaved

Reading

Kanji

遺Leave behind 族Family

Explanation

The Japanese noun '遺族 (いぞく)' refers to the family members or relatives left behind after someone's death. It is commonly used in contexts such as condolences, legal matters, or compensation for the deceased. For example: The bereaved family received condolences「遺族はお悔やみを受けました」(いぞくはおくやみをうけました). The government provided support to the bereaved「政府は遺族に支援を提供しました」(せいふはいぞくにしえんをていきょうしました). This term is often used in formal or official settings and carries a respectful tone.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4658

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tofu

Reading

Kanji

豆Beans 腐Rot

Explanation

The Japanese noun '豆腐 (とうふ)' refers to 'tofu', a food made from soybeans. It is a staple in Japanese cuisine and is known for its versatility and high protein content. Tofu can be prepared in various ways, such as fried, boiled, or eaten cold. For example: I ate tofu for dinner「夕食に豆腐を食べた」(ゆうしょくにとうふをたべた). This miso soup has tofu in it「この味噌汁には豆腐が入っている」(このみそしるにはとうふがはいっている). Tofu is often used in vegetarian and vegan diets as a meat substitute due to its texture and nutritional value.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4659

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Library, Paperback

Reading

Kanji

文Sentence 庫Warehouse

Explanation

The Japanese noun '文庫 (ぶんこ)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning refers to a 'library', typically a collection of books or a place where books are stored. For example: I borrowed a book from the library「図書館から文庫を借りた」(としょかんからぶんこをかりた). The second meaning refers to a 'paperback', a type of book binding that is smaller and more affordable than hardcover books. For example: I bought a paperback novel「文庫の小説を買った」(ぶんこのしょうせつをかった). The context usually clarifies which meaning is intended, so pay attention to the surrounding words.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4660

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Watch

Reading

Kanji

見See 守Protect

Explanation

The Japanese verb '見守る (みまもる)' means 'to watch over' or 'to keep an eye on'. It is often used to describe the act of observing someone or something carefully, usually with a sense of care, protection, or supervision. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as parents watching over their children, a supervisor overseeing a project, or even a guardian angel metaphorically watching over someone. For example: The teacher watched over the students during the field trip「先生は遠足の間、生徒たちを見守った」(せんせいはえんそくのあいだ、せいとたちをみまもった). I will watch over you while you sleep「あなたが眠っている間、見守ります」(あなたがねむっているあいだ、みまもります). The verb implies a sense of responsibility and attentiveness, often with a protective or caring nuance.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4661

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vivid

Reading

Kanji

鮮Fresh, Vivid

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '鮮やか (あざやか)' means 'vivid'. It is used to describe something that is strikingly bright, clear, or distinct in color, appearance, or impression. It can also describe actions or performances that are skillful and impressive. For example: The colors of the painting are vivid「その絵の色は鮮やかだ」(そのえのいろはあざやかだ). He made a vivid impression with his speech「彼のスピーチは鮮やかだった」(かれのスピーチはあざやかだった). This word is often used to emphasize clarity, brilliance, or precision in both visual and non-visual contexts.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4662

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Crowd

Reading

Kanji

群Group, Flock 集Gather

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '群集 (ぐんしゅう)' refers to a 'crowd' or a gathering of many people. It is often used to describe a large group of people gathered in one place, such as at an event, in a public space, or during an incident. The word carries a neutral tone and can be used in both positive and negative contexts. For example: A crowd gathered at the scene of the accident「事故の現場に群集が集まった」(じこのげんばにぐんしゅうがあつまった). The crowd cheered loudly at the concert「コンサートで群集が大声で歓声を上げた」(コンサートでぐんしゅうがおおごえでかんせいをあげた). Note that '群集' is often used in written or formal contexts, while in casual speech, words like '人だかり (ひとだかり)' or '群衆 (ぐんしゅう)' might be more common.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4663

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Gargle

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'うがい (ugai)' refers to the act of gargling, typically done to clean the throat or mouth. It is commonly practiced in Japan, especially during cold and flu seasons, as a hygiene measure. For example: I gargle with salt water「塩水でうがいをする」(しおみずでうがいをする). Please gargle after coming home「帰宅したらうがいをしてください」(きたくしたらうがいをしてください). This word is often used in health-related contexts and is a part of daily routines for many Japanese people.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

4664

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fairness, Justice

Reading

Kanji

公Public 正Correct

Explanation

The Japanese noun '公正 (こうせい)' refers to fairness or justice. It is often used in contexts related to impartiality, equity, or ethical correctness. For example: The judge ensured fairness in the trial「裁判官は裁判で公正を確保した」(さいばんかんはさいばんでこうせいをかくほした). Justice is important in society「社会において公正は重要だ」(しゃかいにおいてこうせいはじゅうようだ). This word is commonly used in legal, social, and ethical discussions to emphasize the importance of treating everyone equally and without bias.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4665

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bacteria

Reading

Kanji

細Slender 菌Fungus, Bacteria

Explanation

The Japanese noun '細菌 (さいきん)' refers to 'bacteria', which are microscopic single-celled organisms. This term is commonly used in scientific, medical, and everyday contexts when discussing microorganisms, infections, or hygiene. For example: Bacteria can cause diseases「細菌は病気を引き起こすことがある」(さいきんはびょうきをひきおこすことがある). This water contains harmful bacteria「この水には有害な細菌が含まれている」(このみずにはゆうがいなさいきんがふくまれている). The word is neutral and can refer to both harmful and beneficial bacteria, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4666

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Food

Reading

Kanji

食Eat, Food 料Materials, Fee

Explanation

The Japanese noun '食料 (しょくりょう)' refers to 'food' or 'food supplies'. It is commonly used to describe food items in a general sense, often in the context of provisions or sustenance. This term can be used in various contexts, such as discussing food supplies for a household, emergency food storage, or food resources in a broader sense. For example: We need to buy food for the trip「旅行のための食料を買う必要がある」(りょこうのためのしょくりょうをかうひつようがある). The government provided food to the disaster victims「政府は被災者に食料を提供した」(せいふはひさいしゃにしょくりょうをていきょうした). Note that '食料' is more formal and often used in written or official contexts, while '食べ物 (たべもの)' is more casual and commonly used in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4667

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Civil code

Reading

Kanji

民People, Nation 法Law, Method

Explanation

The Japanese noun '民法 (みんぽう)' refers to the 'civil code', which is a body of laws that govern private legal matters such as contracts, property, family law, and obligations between individuals. It is a crucial part of the legal system in Japan, regulating the legal relationships of citizens. For example: the civil code regulates marriage and divorce 「民法は結婚と離婚を規定している」 (みんぽうはけっこんとりこんをきていしている). He studies civil code at university 「彼は大学で民法を勉強している」 (かれはだいがくでみんぽうをべんきょうしている). The term is commonly used in legal contexts and is essential for understanding Japanese law.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4668

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Satsuma

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun 'サツマ' refers to Satsuma, a historical region in Japan, now part of Kagoshima Prefecture. It is also commonly associated with Satsuma mandarins, a type of citrus fruit. For example: Satsuma is famous for its mandarins「サツマはみかんで有名です」(サツマはみかんでゆうめいです). I visited Satsuma last year「去年サツマを訪れました」(きょねんサツマをおとずれました). The term can also refer to the Satsuma domain, a powerful feudal domain during the Edo period.

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Frequency

4669

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stomach, Intestines

Reading

Kanji

胃Stomach 腸Intestine

Explanation

The Japanese noun '胃腸 (いちょう)' refers to the digestive system, specifically the stomach and intestines. It is often used in medical or health-related contexts to discuss issues or conditions affecting these organs. For example: My stomach and intestines are not feeling well「私の胃腸の調子が悪い」(わたしのいちょうのちょうしがわるい). He has a strong stomach and intestines「彼は胃腸が強い」(かれはいちょうがつよい). This term is commonly used in compound words related to digestion, such as '胃腸炎 (いちょうえん)' (gastroenteritis).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4670

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mountain range

Reading

Kanji

山Mountain 脈Vein, Pulse

Explanation

The Japanese noun '山脈 (さんみゃく)' refers to a 'mountain range', which is a series of connected mountains. This term is used in geographical contexts to describe large landforms. For example: The Himalayas are a famous mountain range「ヒマラヤ山脈は有名な山脈です」(ヒマラヤさんみゃくはゆうめいなさんみゃくです). We crossed the mountain range by train「私たちは山脈を電車で越えました」(わたしたちはさんみゃくをでんしゃでこえました).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4671

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Frequent

Reading

Kanji

頻Frequently, Frequent 繁Thrive, Overgrown

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '頻繁 (ひんぱん)' means 'frequent'. It is used to describe something that happens often or repeatedly. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to indicate regularity or high occurrence. For example: He makes frequent trips to Japan「彼は頻繁に日本へ行く」(かれはひんぱんににほんへいく). The train delays are frequent「電車の遅延は頻繁だ」(でんしゃのちえんはひんぱんだ). Note that '頻繁' is often used with the particle 'に' when modifying a verb, as in '頻繁に会う (ひんぱんにあう) (to meet frequently)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4672

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Involvement

Reading

Kanji

関Barrier, Related 与Give, Involvement

Explanation

The Japanese noun '関与 (かんよ)' means 'involvement'. It refers to the act of participating or being involved in a situation, event, or activity, often implying some level of responsibility or influence. This word is commonly used in formal or professional contexts, such as business, politics, or legal matters. For example: His involvement in the project was significant「彼のプロジェクトへの関与は大きかった」(かれのプロジェクトへのかんよはおおきかった). The company denied any involvement in the scandal「その会社はスキャンダルへの関与を否定した」(そのかいしゃはスキャンダルへのかんよをひていした). Note that '関与' often carries a neutral or slightly negative connotation, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4673

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Point

Reading

Kanji

地Ground 点Point

Explanation

The Japanese noun '地点 (ちてん)' means 'point' in the sense of a specific location or spot. It is commonly used to refer to a particular place or position, often in geographical or spatial contexts. For example: the meeting point is here「集合地点はここです」(しゅうごうちてんはここです). The starting point of the race is over there「レースの出発地点はあそこです」(レースのしゅっぱつちてんはあそこです). This word is often used in formal or technical contexts, such as in maps, directions, or scientific discussions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4674

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bank

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'バンク (banku)' refers to a financial institution where people deposit or borrow money. It is a loanword from English, and its usage is similar to the English word 'bank'. For example: I went to the bank「バンクに行きました」(ばんくにいきました). The bank is closed today「バンクは今日閉まっています」(ばんくはきょうしまっています). Additionally, 'バンク' can also refer to a data bank or repository in certain contexts, such as a blood bank or gene bank, but this usage is less common in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

4675

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Strive

Reading

Kanji

努Toil

Explanation

The Japanese verb '努める (つとめる)' means 'to strive' or 'to make an effort'. It is used to describe putting in effort or working diligently toward a goal. This verb is often used in formal or serious contexts, such as work, studies, or personal improvement. For example: I strive to improve my skills「私はスキルを向上させるよう努めています」(わたしはすきるをこうじょうさせるようつとめています). He strives to be a good father「彼は良い父親になるよう努めている」(かれはよいちちおやになるようつとめている). Note that '努める' can also imply a sense of duty or responsibility in the effort being made.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4676

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Excited

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'うきうき (ukiuki)' describes a feeling of excitement, lightheartedness, or being in high spirits. It is often used to express a bubbly, cheerful mood, typically in anticipation of something enjoyable. For example: She was excited about the trip「彼女は旅行にうきうきしていた」(かのじょはりょこうにうきうきしていた). I feel excited about the weekend「週末がうきうきする」(しゅうまつがうきうきする). This word conveys a sense of joyful anticipation and is commonly used in casual conversations to describe emotional states.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

4677

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dusk

Reading

Kanji

暮Livelihood

Explanation

The Japanese noun '暮れ (くれ)' refers to the time of day when the sun is setting and it is becoming dark, commonly translated as 'dusk' or 'evening'. It is often used to describe the period at the end of the day, but can also metaphorically refer to the end of a season or period in life. For example: The sky at dusk is beautiful「暮れの空は美しい」(くれのそらはうつくしい). The year is coming to an end「年の暮れが近づいている」(としのくれがちかづいている).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4678

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Year end gift

Reading

Kanji

歳Year, Years old 暮Livelihood

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'お歳暮 (おせいぼ)' refers to a traditional year-end gift given to express gratitude to people such as teachers, bosses, or relatives. This custom is deeply rooted in Japanese culture and is typically given in December. The gifts often include items like food, alcohol, or household goods. For example: I received a year-end gift from my boss「上司からお歳暮をもらいました」(じょうしからおせいぼをもらいました). We sent a year-end gift to our relatives「親戚にお歳暮を送りました」(しんせきにおせいぼをおくりました). The practice of giving お歳暮 is a way to show appreciation and maintain social relationships.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4679

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lawn

Reading

Kanji

芝Lawn, Turf 生Life

Explanation

The Japanese noun '芝生 (しばふ)' refers to a 'lawn' or an area of grass that is grown and maintained for decorative or recreational purposes. It is commonly used to describe grassy areas in parks, gardens, or around buildings. For example: The children are playing on the lawn「子供たちが芝生で遊んでいる」(こどもたちがしばふであそんでいる). The lawn in the park is very green「公園の芝生はとても青い」(こうえんのしばふはとてもあおい). This word is often associated with well-kept, manicured grass rather than wild or overgrown grass.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4680

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bubble

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'バブル (baburu)' means 'bubble'. This word is commonly used to describe a physical bubble, such as a soap bubble or a bubble in liquid. It is also widely used in economic contexts to refer to a 'bubble economy', where asset prices are inflated beyond their intrinsic value. For example: The bubble burst「バブルがはじけた」(バブルがはじけた). Soap bubbles are beautiful「シャボン玉はきれいだ」(シャボンだまはきれいだ). The term 'バブル' can also be used metaphorically to describe something fragile or transient, like a dream or an illusion.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

4681

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stem

Reading

Kanji

茎Stem

Explanation

The Japanese noun '茎 (くき)' refers to the 'stem' of a plant. It is the main structural part that supports leaves, flowers, and fruits, and transports nutrients and water. This word is commonly used in botanical contexts or when describing plants. For example: The stem of this flower is long「この花の茎は長い」(このはなのくきはながい). Please cut the stems of the vegetables「野菜の茎を切ってください」(やさいのくきをきってください). The term is straightforward and primarily used in contexts related to plants and gardening.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4682

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dangerous

Reading

Kanji

危Dangerous

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '危ない (あぶない)' primarily means 'dangerous'. It is used to describe situations, actions, or objects that pose a risk or threat. For example: that road is dangerous「その道は危ない」(そのみちはあぶない). It can also imply a sense of urgency or warning, such as 'be careful' or 'watch out'. For instance: watch out, it's dangerous!「危ない、気をつけて！」(あぶない、きをつけて！). Additionally, '危ない' can sometimes be used colloquially to describe something as 'risky' or 'precarious', like a risky bet「危ない賭け」(あぶないかけ).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4683

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tiger

Reading

Kanji

虎Tiger

Explanation

The Japanese noun '虎 (とら)' refers to a 'tiger', the large carnivorous feline animal. This word is used to describe the animal itself, often in contexts related to wildlife, zoos, or symbolic representations. Tigers are also culturally significant in Japan, often symbolizing strength and courage. Example sentences: The tiger is strong「虎は強い」(とらはつよい). I saw a tiger at the zoo「動物園で虎を見た」(どうぶつえんでとらをみた). In Japanese folklore and art, tigers are frequently depicted as powerful and majestic creatures.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4684

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Saved

Reading

Kanji

助Help

Explanation

The Japanese verb '助かる (たすかる)' means 'to be saved' or 'to be rescued'. It is often used to express relief or gratitude when someone or something is saved from a difficult or dangerous situation. This verb can also imply being helped or assisted in a way that alleviates a burden. For example: I was saved by the doctor「医者に助かった」(いしゃにたすかった). It really helps me out「とても助かります」(とてもたすかります). The verb is commonly used in both literal and figurative contexts, such as being saved from physical danger or being relieved from stress or work.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4685

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Recommendation

Reading

Kanji

推Infer 薦Recommend, Mat

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '推薦 (すいせん)' means 'recommendation'. It is used to describe the act of recommending someone or something, often in formal contexts such as job applications, school admissions, or endorsements. For example: I received a recommendation from my teacher「先生から推薦をもらいました」(せんせいからすいせんをもらいました). The company gave him a strong recommendation「会社は彼に強い推薦をしました」(かいしゃはかれにつよいすいせんをしました). This term is commonly used in professional or academic settings where formal endorsements are required.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4686

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Look down

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'うつむく (utsumuku)' means 'to look down' or 'to bow one's head'. It is often used to describe a physical action where someone lowers their head, typically due to shyness, sadness, embarrassment, or deep thought. This verb can also convey a sense of introspection or avoidance of eye contact. For example: She looked down in embarrassment「彼女は恥ずかしそうにうつむいた」(かのじょははずかしそうにうつむいた). He bowed his head in thought「彼は考え込んでうつむいた」(かれはかんがえこんでうつむいた). The verb is commonly used in both casual and formal contexts to describe a person's posture or emotional state.

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

4687

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Be rough

Reading

Kanji

荒Wild, Rough

Explanation

The Japanese verb '荒れる (あれる)' primarily means 'to be rough' or 'to be wild'. It is often used to describe weather conditions, such as storms or rough seas, but can also describe emotional states or chaotic situations. For example: The sea is rough today「今日は海が荒れている」(きょうはうみがあれている). His emotions were wild「彼の感情が荒れていた」(かれのかんじょうがあれていた). Additionally, it can describe something becoming ruined or neglected, such as a garden or a relationship. For example: The garden has become overgrown「庭が荒れている」(にわがあれている).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4688

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unnecessary

Reading

Kanji

不Not 要Important, Need

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不要 (ふよう)' means 'unnecessary'. It is used to describe something that is not needed or required. This word is often used in formal or practical contexts, such as in instructions, warnings, or when discussing items or actions that are superfluous. For example: This tool is unnecessary「この道具は不要です」(このどうぐはふようです). Unnecessary items should be removed「不要なものは取り除いてください」(ふようなものはとりのぞいてください). The word can also imply that something is redundant or excessive, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4689

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Many years

Reading

Kanji

長Long, Leader 年Year

Explanation

The Japanese noun '長年 (ながねん)' means 'many years' or 'a long time'. It is used to describe a significant period of time, often emphasizing the duration or the experience accumulated over that time. This word is commonly used in contexts where the passage of time is important, such as in relationships, careers, or traditions. For example: We have been friends for many years「私たちは長年の友達です」(わたしたちはながねんのともだちです). He has worked at the company for many years「彼は長年その会社で働いています」(かれはながねんそのかいしゃではたらいています).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4690

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Blessed

Reading

Kanji

恵Favor, Bestow a favor

Explanation

The Japanese verb '恵まれる (めぐまれる)' means 'to be blessed' or 'to be endowed with'. It is used to express that someone has been fortunate to receive something valuable, such as talent, resources, or favorable conditions. This verb often conveys a sense of gratitude or acknowledgment of good fortune. For example: She is blessed with a beautiful voice「彼女は美しい声に恵まれている」(かのじょはうつくしいこえにめぐまれている). We are blessed with good weather today「今日は良い天気に恵まれている」(きょうはいいてんきにめぐまれている). Note that this verb is often used in passive form, as it implies receiving something from an external source, such as nature, fate, or a higher power.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4691

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rough

Reading

Kanji

荒Wild, Rough

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '荒い (あらい)' primarily means 'rough'. It is used to describe something that is not smooth or gentle, such as rough seas, rough handling, or rough behavior. For example: The sea is rough today「今日の海は荒い」(きょうのうみはあらい). He has a rough way of speaking「彼の話し方は荒い」(かれのはなしかたはあらい). This adjective can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is intense or extreme, such as rough breathing or rough emotions. For example: His breathing was rough after the run「走った後、彼の呼吸は荒かった」(はしったあと、かれのこきゅうはあらかった).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4692

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Damage

Reading

Kanji

荒Wild, Rough

Explanation

The Japanese verb '荒す (あらす)' means 'to damage' or 'to ruin'. It is often used to describe the act of causing destruction or disorder to something, such as a place, object, or situation. This verb carries a nuance of leaving something in a worse state than before. For example: The storm damaged the garden「嵐が庭を荒した」(あらしがにわをあらした). Vandals ruined the park「破壊者が公園を荒した」(はかいしゃがこうえんをあらした). Note that '荒す' is typically used in contexts where the damage is intentional or caused by neglect, rather than accidental.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4693

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Frustrating

Reading

Kanji

悔Repent, Regret

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '悔しい (くやしい)' conveys a feeling of frustration, regret, or vexation, often arising from a sense of missed opportunity, failure, or unfairness. It is commonly used to express emotional distress when something does not go as planned or when one feels they could have done better. For example: It's frustrating to lose the game「試合に負けて悔しい」(しあいにまけてくやしい). I feel frustrated because I couldn't say what I wanted「言いたいことが言えなくて悔しい」(いいたいことがいえなくてくやしい). This word is deeply tied to personal emotions and is often used in contexts where one reflects on their own actions or circumstances.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4694

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cultivation, Development

Reading

Kanji

育Raise, Grow 成Become

Explanation

The Japanese noun '育成 (いくせい)' refers to the process of nurturing, developing, or cultivating something or someone. It is often used in contexts related to raising children, training employees, or growing plants. For example: the development of young athletes「若いアスリートの育成」(わかいアスリートのいくせい). The cultivation of new talent「新しい才能の育成」(あたらしいさいのうのいくせい). This word emphasizes a deliberate and systematic effort to foster growth or improvement.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4695

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mainline

Reading

Kanji

幹Trunk, Main 線Line

Explanation

The Japanese noun '幹線 (かんせん)' refers to a mainline, such as a principal railway line, highway, or other major transportation route. It is often used in the context of transportation infrastructure to denote the primary routes that connect major cities or regions. For example: The mainline train is fast「幹線電車は速い」(かんせんでんしゃははやい). This highway is a mainline「この高速道路は幹線です」(このこうそくどうろはかんせんです). The term can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is central or principal in a system or network.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4696

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Equipment

Reading

Kanji

機Machine, Opportunity 器Vessel

Explanation

The Japanese noun '機器 (きき)' refers to 'equipment' or 'devices'. It is commonly used to describe machinery, tools, or technical devices, often in industrial, scientific, or technological contexts. For example: The factory has new equipment「工場に新しい機器がある」(こうじょうにあたらしいききがある). This medical device is very advanced「この医療機器はとても進んでいる」(このいりょうききはとてもすすんでいる). The word can also be used in everyday contexts, such as household appliances or electronic devices, but it generally implies a level of technical sophistication.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4697

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Chicken

Reading

Kanji

鶏Chicken, Hen, Cock

Explanation

The Japanese noun '鶏 (にわとり)' refers to a chicken, specifically the domesticated bird commonly raised for its meat and eggs. It is often used in everyday conversation and cooking contexts. For example: I bought a chicken at the market「市場で鶏を買いました」(いちばでにわとりをかいました). The chicken is delicious「その鶏は美味しいです」(そのにわとりはおいしいです). Note that '鶏' specifically refers to the bird itself, while '鶏肉 (とりにく)' refers to chicken meat.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4698

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Room

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ルーム (ruumu)' is a loanword from English, meaning 'room'. It is commonly used in modern Japanese to refer to a room in a house, hotel, or other buildings. This term is often used in contexts related to interior design, real estate, or hospitality. For example: This hotel room is spacious「このホテルのルームは広い」(このホテルのルームはひろい). I want to decorate my room「私のルームを飾りたい」(わたしのルームをかざりたい). Note that 'ルーム' is more commonly used in casual or modern contexts, while traditional Japanese rooms might be referred to as '部屋 (へや)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

4699

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ginza

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun 'ギンザ' refers to 'Ginza', a famous upscale shopping district located in Tokyo, Japan. Ginza is known for its luxury boutiques, high-end restaurants, and vibrant nightlife. It is one of the most iconic and prestigious areas in Tokyo, often compared to places like Fifth Avenue in New York or the Champs-Élysées in Paris. Example sentences: Let's go shopping in Ginza「ギンザで買い物をしましょう」(ぎんざでかいものをしましょう). Ginza is very lively at night「ギンザは夜にとてもにぎやかです」(ぎんざはよるにとてもにぎやかです).

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Frequency

4700

Composition

katakana

Handwriting