Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Frequency of Use

word

Meaning

Win

Reading

Kanji

当Hit, Appropriate 選Choose

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '当選 (とうせん)' means 'win' or 'be elected'. It is commonly used in contexts such as winning a prize, lottery, or being elected in a competition or election. For example: I won the lottery「宝くじに当選した」(たからくじにとうせんした). He was elected as the president「彼は社長に当選した」(かれはしゃちょうにとうせんした). The term is often used in formal or official contexts and carries a sense of achievement or success.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6501

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Selection

Reading

Kanji

入Enter 選Choose

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '入選 (にゅうせん)' refers to the act of being selected or chosen, often in the context of competitions, contests, or exhibitions. It implies that someone or something has been chosen from a larger group to be recognized or awarded. For example: Her painting was selected for the exhibition「彼女の絵が入選した」(かのじょのえがにゅうせんした). He was thrilled to be selected for the competition「彼は入選して大喜びだった」(かれはにゅうせんしておおよろこびだった). This term is commonly used in formal or artistic contexts to denote recognition or achievement.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6502

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Selection, Choice

Reading

Kanji

選Choose 択Choose, Select

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '選択 (せんたく)' refers to the act of selecting or choosing something from a set of options. It is commonly used in contexts where decisions are made, such as selecting items, options, or courses of action. For example: Please make a selection from the menu「メニューから選択してください」(メニューからせんたくしてください). The choice of words is important「言葉の選択は重要です」(ことばのせんたくはじゅうようです). This word is often used in formal or practical situations, such as in menus, surveys, or decision-making processes.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6503

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Opportunity, Turning point

Reading

Kanji

契Pledge 機Machine, Opportunity

Explanation

The Japanese noun '契機 (けいき)' refers to a significant event or moment that serves as a catalyst for change or action. It can mean 'opportunity' when referring to a chance to start something new, or 'turning point' when describing a pivotal moment that leads to a major shift. For example: This meeting was the opportunity to start a new project「この会議が新しいプロジェクトの契機となった」(このかいぎがあたらしいぷろじぇくとのけいきとなった). The accident became a turning point in his life「その事故が彼の人生の契機となった」(そのじこがかれのじんせいのけいきとなった). The word is often used in formal or written contexts to describe moments of transformation or initiation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6504

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Higher rank, Superior position

Reading

Kanji

上Up 位Rank

Explanation

The Japanese noun '上位 (じょうい)' refers to a higher rank or superior position within a hierarchy, system, or classification. It is often used in contexts such as rankings, competitions, or organizational structures. For example: He is in a higher rank in the company「彼は会社で上位にいる」(かれはかいしゃでじょういにいる). This product is in the superior position in the market「この製品は市場で上位にある」(このせいひんはしじょうでじょういにある). The word can also be used in abstract contexts, such as '上位概念 (じょういがいねん)' meaning 'superordinate concept'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6505

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Weather

Reading

Kanji

天Heaven 候Climate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '天候 (てんこう)' refers to 'weather'. It is a formal term used to describe the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature, precipitation, wind, and other meteorological conditions. This word is often used in news reports, forecasts, or formal discussions about weather conditions. For example: The weather is bad today「今日の天候は悪い」(きょうのてんこうはわるい). The weather forecast predicts rain「天候予報は雨を予測している」(てんこうよほうはあめをよそくしている). Note that '天候' is more formal than the casual term '天気 (てんき)', which also means 'weather'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6506

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Platform

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'プラットホーム (ぷらっとほーむ)' is a loanword derived from the English word 'platform'. It is primarily used to refer to a physical platform, such as a train platform at a station. For example: The train is arriving at platform 3「電車が3番プラットホームに到着します」(でんしゃがさんばんぷらっとほーむにとうちゃくします). It can also be used metaphorically to describe a platform for discussion or action, though this usage is less common. For example: This conference provides a platform for new ideas「この会議は新しいアイデアのプラットホームを提供します」(このかいぎはあたらしいあいでぃあのぷらっとほーむをていきょうします).

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

6507

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Envious

Reading

Kanji

羨Jealousy, Envy

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '羨ましい (うらやましい)' means 'envious'. It is used to express a feeling of envy or jealousy towards someone else's possessions, qualities, or circumstances. This word is often used in social contexts where one person has something that another person desires. For example: I am envious of your new car「あなたの新しい車が羨ましい」(あなたのあたらしいくるまがうらやましい). She is envious of her friend's success「彼女は友達の成功を羨ましいと思っている」(かのじょはともだちのせいこうをうらやましいとおもっている). It is important to note that while '羨ましい' can sometimes carry a negative connotation, it can also be used in a more light-hearted or joking manner among friends.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6508

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Strange

Reading

Kanji

可Possible 笑Laugh

Explanation

The Japanese determiner '可笑しな (おかしな)' means 'strange' or 'odd'. It is used to describe something that is unusual, peculiar, or out of the ordinary. This word often carries a slightly humorous or lighthearted nuance, depending on the context. For example: That's a strange story「それは可笑しな話だ」(それはおかしなはなしだ). He has a strange habit「彼は可笑しな癖がある」(かれはおかしなくせがある). Note that '可笑しな' is typically used before a noun to describe its quality, as in '可笑しな人 (おかしなひと) (strange person)'.

Part Of Speech

determiner

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6509

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Basket

Reading

Kanji

籠Cage, Basket

Explanation

The Japanese noun '籠 (かご)' refers to a 'basket', typically made of woven materials like bamboo or straw. It is used to carry or store items, and can vary in size and shape depending on its purpose. For example: I bought a basket at the market「市場で籠を買いました」(いちばでかごをかいました). The fruits are in the basket「果物は籠の中です」(くだものはかごのなかです). This word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that holds or contains items, such as a 'basket of ideas'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6510

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rope

Reading

Kanji

縄Rope, Cord

Explanation

The Japanese noun '縄 (なわ)' means 'rope'. This word refers to a long, flexible length of twisted fibers used for binding, tying, or pulling. It is commonly used in various contexts, such as traditional Japanese practices, construction, or everyday tasks. For example: I tied the box with a rope「箱を縄で縛った」(はこをなわでしばった). The rope is strong「その縄は強い」(そのなわはつよい). Historically, '縄' also refers to the Jōmon period (縄文時代, じょうもんじだい), named after the cord-marked pottery of that era.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6511

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Prayer

Reading

Kanji

念Thought 仏Buddha

Explanation

The Japanese noun '念仏 (ねんぶつ)' refers to the act of chanting or reciting Buddhist prayers, specifically the name of Amida Buddha (Amitabha Buddha). This practice is central to certain schools of Pure Land Buddhism, where it is believed that chanting 'Namu Amida Butsu' (南無阿弥陀仏) can lead to rebirth in the Pure Land. The term can also be used more broadly to refer to any Buddhist prayer or invocation. For example: He chants prayers every morning「彼は毎朝念仏を唱える」(かれはまいあさねんぶつをとなえる). The old woman devoted her life to prayer「その老女は念仏に人生を捧げた」(そのろうじょはねんぶつにじんせいをささげた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6512

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Addition

Reading

Kanji

付Attach 加Join, Add

Explanation

The Japanese noun '付加 (ふか)' means 'addition'. It refers to the act of adding something to an existing entity, often to enhance or supplement it. This word is commonly used in contexts such as business, technology, or everyday situations where something extra is added. For example: The software includes additional features「そのソフトウェアには付加機能がある」(そのソフトウェアにはふかきのうがある). The price includes additional charges「その価格には付加料金が含まれている」(そのかかくにはふかりょうきんがふくまれている). It can also be used in abstract contexts, such as adding value or meaning.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6513

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Closure

Reading

Kanji

閉Close, Shut 鎖Chain

Explanation

The Japanese noun '閉鎖 (へいさ)' means 'closure'. It refers to the act of closing something, such as a facility, business, or system, or the state of being closed. This word is often used in contexts like the closure of a road, a school, or a business. For example: The factory's closure was announced「工場の閉鎖が発表された」(こうじょうのへいさがはっぴょうされた). The road closure caused traffic「道路の閉鎖で渋滞が起きた」(どうろのへいさでじゅうたいがおきた). It can also be used metaphorically, such as the closure of a chapter in life or a project.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6514

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Philippines

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun 'フィリピン (firipin)' refers to the country 'Philippines'. It is used in the same way as in English, to denote the Southeast Asian country. For example: I want to visit the Philippines「フィリピンに行きたいです」(フィリピンにいきたいです). The Philippines is a beautiful country「フィリピンは美しい国です」(フィリピンはうつくしいくにです). The word is written in katakana, as is typical for foreign country names in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Frequency

6515

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Order

Reading

Kanji

命Command, Life

Explanation

The Japanese verb '命じる (めいじる)' means 'to order' or 'to command'. It is used when someone in a position of authority gives a directive or instruction to someone else. This verb often implies a formal or authoritative context, such as in military, workplace, or hierarchical settings. For example: The general ordered the soldiers to advance「将軍は兵士たちに前進するよう命じた」(しょうぐんはへいしたちにぜんしんするようめいじた). The boss commanded the employees to finish the report by tomorrow「上司は従業員に明日までにレポートを終えるよう命じた」(じょうしはじゅうぎょういにんにあしたまでにレポートをおえるようめいじた). Note that '命じる' carries a strong sense of authority and is not typically used in casual or informal situations.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6516

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tuna

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'まぐろ' refers to 'tuna', a type of fish commonly used in Japanese cuisine, especially in sushi and sashimi. It is a staple ingredient in many dishes and is highly valued for its rich flavor and texture. Example sentences: I ate tuna sushi「まぐろの寿司を食べた」(まぐろのすしをたべた). Tuna is delicious「まぐろは美味しい」(まぐろはおいしい). The word 'まぐろ' specifically refers to the bluefin tuna, which is the most prized variety in Japan.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

6517

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Consulate

Reading

Kanji

領Territory 事Thing 館Building

Explanation

The Japanese noun '領事館 (りょうじかん)' refers to a 'consulate', which is an office or building where a consul works. A consul is a government official who represents their country in a foreign city, helping citizens of their own country who are traveling or living there. The consulate provides services such as issuing visas, assisting with legal matters, and offering support in emergencies. Example sentences: I went to the consulate to renew my passport「領事館にパスポートの更新に行きました」(りょうじかんにぱすぽーとのこうしんにいきました). The consulate is located in the city center「領事館は市の中心にあります」(りょうじかんはしのちゅうしんにあります).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6518

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

When

Reading

Kanji

何What 時Time, Hour 頃Approximate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '何時頃 (いつごろ)' means 'when' or 'around what time'. It is used to ask about an approximate time or period. This word is often used in casual conversations to inquire about the timing of events or actions. For example: When will you arrive?「何時頃に到着しますか？」(いつごろにとうちゃくしますか？). Around what time does the meeting start?「会議は何時頃始まりますか？」(かいぎはいつごろはじまりますか？). Note that '何時頃' is more casual and approximate compared to '何時 (なんじ)', which asks for a specific time.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6519

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tide

Reading

Kanji

潮Tide

Explanation

The Japanese noun '潮 (しお)' primarily means 'tide', referring to the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the gravitational forces exerted by the moon and the sun. It can also metaphorically represent the flow or trend of events. For example: The tide is coming in「潮が満ちてきている」(しおがみちてきている). He went with the tide of public opinion「彼は世論の潮に乗った」(かれはよろんのしおにのった). Additionally, '潮' can sometimes refer to seawater or the sea itself in certain contexts, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6520

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bringing

Reading

Kanji

持Hold 参Participate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '持参 (じさん)' means 'bringing' or 'carrying something with oneself'. It is commonly used to indicate that someone is bringing an item or object to a specific place or event. This word is often used in formal or polite contexts, such as when attending a meeting, event, or gathering. For example: Please bring your own lunch「お昼ご飯は持参してください」(おひるごはんはじさんしてください). He brought the documents to the meeting「彼は会議に書類を持参した」(かれはかいぎにしょるいをじさんした). The word can also imply preparation or responsibility, as in bringing something necessary or expected.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6521

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Clerk

Reading

Kanji

書Write 記Record

Explanation

The Japanese noun '書記 (しょき)' refers to a clerk or secretary, someone who is responsible for recording or managing written documents and administrative tasks. This term is often used in formal or organizational contexts, such as in offices, government institutions, or associations. For example: He works as a clerk in the city office「彼は市役所で書記として働いています」(かれはしやくしょでしょきとしてはたらいています). The clerk prepared the meeting minutes「書記が会議の議事録を準備しました」(しょきがかいぎのぎじろくをじゅんびしました). Note that '書記' can also refer to a scribe or someone who writes down information, but this usage is less common in modern contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6522

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Beat

Reading

Kanji

拍Clap, Beat 子Child

Explanation

The Japanese noun '拍子 (ひょうし)' primarily refers to the 'beat' or 'rhythm' in music, but it can also denote the timing or moment of an event. It is often used in contexts related to music, dance, or even the timing of actions. For example: keep the beat「拍子を取る」(ひょうしをとる). At that moment「その拍子に」(そのひょうしに). The word can also imply a sudden or coincidental occurrence, as in 'in the heat of the moment'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6523

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Black

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ブラック (burakku)' is a loanword from English, meaning 'black'. It is commonly used to describe the color black, but it can also be used in various contexts such as fashion, design, and even in business terminology. For example: I like black clothes「ブラックの服が好きです」(ぶらっくのふくがすきです). The company has a black reputation「その会社はブラックな評判です」(そのかいしゃはぶらっくなひょうばんです). In the latter example, 'ブラック' is used metaphorically to describe something negative or unethical, often in the context of work environments.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

6524

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Including

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese suffix 'ごと (koto)' is used to indicate that something is included or done together with something else. It can be attached to nouns to express the idea of 'including' or 'along with'. For example: eat the fish including the bones「魚を骨ごと食べる」(さかなをほねごとたべる). The house was destroyed including the furniture「家が家具ごと壊された」(いえがかぐごとこわされた). This suffix is often used to emphasize that nothing is left out or separated.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Frequency

6525

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Receipt

Reading

Kanji

領Territory 収Obtain 書Write

Explanation

The Japanese noun '領収書 (りょうしゅうしょ)' refers to a 'receipt', which is a document acknowledging that a payment has been made. This term is commonly used in business transactions, shopping, or any situation where proof of payment is required. For example: Please give me a receipt「領収書をください」(りょうしゅうしょをください). I lost the receipt「領収書をなくしました」(りょうしゅうしょをなくしました). In Japan, it is customary to request a '領収書' after making a payment, especially in formal or business settings. The word is often associated with financial accountability and is essential for record-keeping or reimbursement purposes.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6526

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Properly

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'ろくに (ろくに)' is used to indicate that something is not done properly, sufficiently, or adequately. It often carries a negative connotation, implying a lack of effort or care. For example: He didn't study properly「彼はろくに勉強しなかった」(かれはろくにべんきょうしなかった). I can't even eat properly「ろくに食べられない」(ろくにたべられない). This adverb is commonly used in negative sentences to emphasize insufficiency or inadequacy.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

6527

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Charge, Homeroom

Reading

Kanji

担Bear, Carry 任Duty, Responsibility

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '担任 (たんにん)' refers to the role or responsibility of being in charge of a class or group, often used in educational contexts. It can mean 'homeroom teacher' when referring to a person, or 'charge' when referring to the responsibility itself. For example: She is our homeroom teacher「彼女は私たちの担任です」(かのじょはわたしたちのたんにんです). He is in charge of this class「彼はこのクラスの担任です」(かれはこのクラスのたんにんです). The term emphasizes the responsibility of overseeing and guiding a specific group, particularly in schools.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6528

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Irresponsible

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing 責Blame, Liability 任Duty, Responsibility

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '無責任 (むせきにん)' means 'irresponsible'. It is used to describe someone or something that lacks a sense of responsibility or fails to take accountability for their actions. This term can be applied to people, actions, or even systems. For example: His behavior was irresponsible「彼の行動は無責任だった」(かれのこうどうはむせきにんだった). The company's response was irresponsible「会社の対応は無責任だった」(かいしゃのたいおうはむせきにんだった). It is often used in contexts where someone neglects their duties or fails to consider the consequences of their actions.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6529

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Transfer

Reading

Kanji

転Revolve 勤Diligence

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '転勤 (てんきん)' refers to a job transfer, typically involving relocation to a different workplace or branch within the same company. It is commonly used in professional contexts to describe an employee being reassigned to a new location. For example: I was transferred to the Osaka branch「大阪支店に転勤しました」(おおさかしてんにてんきんしました). His transfer was sudden「彼の転勤は突然でした」(かれのてんきんはとつぜんでした). This term is often associated with corporate culture in Japan, where employees may be required to move frequently for work.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6530

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Strange

Reading

Kanji

異Rare, Different 様Way, Form

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '異様 (いよう)' means 'strange' or 'unusual'. It is used to describe something that is out of the ordinary, peculiar, or abnormal. This word often carries a nuance of something being unsettling or eerie. For example: The atmosphere was strange「その雰囲気は異様だった」(そのふんいきはいようだった). His behavior was unusual「彼の行動は異様だった」(かれのこうどうはいようだった). '異様' is typically used in situations where something deviates significantly from what is considered normal or expected, and it can be applied to a wide range of contexts, including environments, behaviors, or appearances.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6531

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Monk, Bald

Reading

Kanji

坊Boy, Sonny 主Master

Explanation

The Japanese noun '坊主 (ぼうず)' primarily refers to a 'monk', particularly a Buddhist monk. It is a colloquial term and can sometimes carry a slightly informal or even humorous tone. Additionally, '坊主' can also mean 'bald', often used to describe someone with a shaved head, which is common among monks. Example sentences: The monk is meditating「坊主が瞑想している」(ぼうずがめいそうしている). He became bald「彼は坊主になった」(かれはぼうずになった). Note that while '坊主' can mean 'bald', it is more commonly used to refer to monks in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6532

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Next morning

Reading

Kanji

翌Next, Following 朝Morning

Explanation

The Japanese noun '翌朝 (よくあさ)' refers to 'the next morning' or 'the following morning'. It is used to indicate the morning of the day after a specific event or day. This word is often used in narratives or descriptions to denote the passage of time. For example: I woke up early the next morning「翌朝、早く起きた」(よくあさ、はやくおきた). The next morning, the weather was clear「翌朝、天気は晴れていた」(よくあさ、てんきははれていた). It is important to note that '翌朝' is a formal or literary term, and in casual conversation, people might use '次の朝 (つぎのあさ)' instead.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6533

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reading

Reading

Kanji

読Read

Explanation

The Japanese noun '読み (よみ)' refers to the act or process of reading, or the way something is read. It can denote the pronunciation of a word or kanji, or the interpretation of a text. For example: the reading of this kanji is difficult「この漢字の読みは難しい」(このかんじのよみはむずかしい). I enjoy reading books「本を読むのが好きです」(ほんをよむのがすきです). The word can also be used in contexts like fortune-telling, where it refers to the interpretation of signs or omens, as in 'the reading of the cards was accurate'「カードの読みは正確だった」(カードのよみはせいかくだった).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6534

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Japan

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun 'ジャパン' is the katakana representation of the English word 'Japan'. It is used to refer to the country of Japan, often in contexts where a foreign or international perspective is emphasized, such as in global branding, international relations, or when referring to Japan in a non-Japanese context. For example: Japan is beautiful「ジャパンは美しい」(じゃぱんはうつくしい). I want to visit Japan「ジャパンを訪れたい」(じゃぱんをおとずれたい). Note that while '日本 (にほん)' is the more common and traditional way to refer to Japan in Japanese, 'ジャパン' is often used in contexts that aim to evoke a modern or global image.

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Frequency

6535

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sale

Reading

Kanji

売Sell

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '売り (うり)' means 'sale' and is used to indicate the act of selling or something being sold. It is often attached to nouns to describe the type of sale or the item being sold. For example: book sale「本売り」(ほんうり). This suffix is commonly used in commercial contexts and can be found in words like '魚売り (さかなうり)' (fish seller) or '野菜売り (やさいうり)' (vegetable seller). It is important to note that '売り' can also imply the act of selling as a profession or trade. For instance: He is a fruit seller「彼は果物売りです」(かれはくだものうりです). The store specializes in flower sales「その店は花売りを専門にしています」(そのみせははなうりをせんもんにしています).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6536

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Workplace

Reading

Kanji

勤Diligence 先Before, Previous

Explanation

The Japanese noun '勤め先 (つとめさき)' refers to the place where someone is employed or works. It is commonly used to describe one's workplace or office. This term is often used in formal or professional contexts. For example: My workplace is in Tokyo「私の勤め先は東京です」(わたしのつとめさきはとうきょうです). He is looking for a new workplace「彼は新しい勤め先を探しています」(かれはあたらしいつとめさきをさがしています). The term emphasizes the location or institution where one is employed, rather than the act of working itself.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6537

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Duty

Reading

Kanji

勤Diligence

Explanation

The Japanese noun '勤め (つとめ)' primarily means 'duty' or 'obligation'. It refers to a task or responsibility that one is expected to fulfill, often in a professional or societal context. This word can also imply a sense of moral or social obligation. For example: It is my duty to help「助けるのは私の勤めです」(たすけるのはわたしのつとめです). He fulfilled his duty「彼は勤めを果たした」(かれはつとめをはたした). Additionally, '勤め' can sometimes refer to one's job or employment, though this usage is less common and context-dependent.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6538

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Duty

Reading

Kanji

務Duty, Task

Explanation

The Japanese noun '務め (つとめ)' refers to a duty, task, or responsibility that one is expected to fulfill. It often implies a sense of obligation or a role that one must perform, whether in a professional, social, or personal context. For example: It is my duty to protect the environment「環境を守るのが私の務めです」(かんきょうをまもるのがわたしのつとめです). His duty is to lead the team「彼の務めはチームを率いることです」(かれのつとめはチームをひきいることです). This word is commonly used in formal or serious contexts to emphasize the importance of fulfilling one's responsibilities.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6539

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sexual

Reading

Kanji

性Gender, Sex 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '性的 (せいてき)' refers to something related to sex or sexuality. It is often used in formal or academic contexts to describe matters pertaining to sexual behavior, characteristics, or orientation. For example: sexual harassment「性的嫌がらせ」(せいてきいやがらせ). sexual identity「性的アイデンティティ」(せいてきあいでんてぃてぃ). This term is neutral in tone and can be used in both positive and negative contexts, depending on the situation.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6540

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bag

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'カバン (かばん)' means 'bag'. It refers to a container used to carry personal items, such as books, clothes, or other belongings. This word is commonly used in everyday situations, such as school, work, or travel. For example: I bought a new bag「新しいカバンを買いました」(あたらしいかばんをかいました). Please put your bag here「カバンをここに置いてください」(かばんをここにおいてください). The word 'カバン' is often used interchangeably with 'バッグ (ばっぐ)', though 'カバン' can sometimes imply a more traditional or school-style bag.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

6541

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Threat

Reading

Kanji

脅Threaten 威Might, Intimidate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '脅威 (きょうい)' means 'threat'. It refers to something or someone that poses a danger or risk, often causing fear or concern. This word is commonly used in contexts such as security, politics, or natural disasters. For example: The new virus is a threat to public health「新しいウイルスは公衆衛生への脅威です」(あたらしいウイルスはこうしゅうえいせいへのきょういです). Climate change is a global threat「気候変動は世界的な脅威です」(きこうへんどうはせかいてきなきょういです). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that challenges or endangers stability or progress.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6542

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Opportunity, Gap

Reading

Kanji

隙Crevice

Explanation

The Japanese noun '隙 (すき)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'gap', referring to a physical or metaphorical space between things. For example: there is a gap in the wall「壁に隙がある」(かべにすきがある). The second meaning is 'opportunity', often implying a chance or opening that can be taken advantage of. For example: he found an opportunity to speak「彼は話す隙を見つけた」(かれははなすすきをみつけた). The word can also imply a moment of vulnerability or weakness, as in '隙をつく (すきをつく)', which means to exploit someone's weakness or inattention. This dual meaning makes '隙' a versatile word in Japanese, used in both literal and figurative contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6543

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Uniform

Reading

Kanji

制System, Control 服Obey, Clothing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '制服 (せいふく)' refers to a 'uniform', typically worn by students, employees, or members of an organization. It is commonly associated with school uniforms in Japan, which are a significant part of the culture. For example: I wear a uniform to school「私は学校に制服を着ます」(わたしはがっこうにせいふくをきます). The company requires employees to wear uniforms「会社は従業員に制服を着ることを要求します」(かいしゃはじゅうぎょういんにせいふくをきることをようきゅうします). The word can also be used more broadly to refer to any standardized clothing worn by a group.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6544

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Overall

Reading

Kanji

全Whole, All 般Sort, Carrier

Explanation

The Japanese noun '全般 (ぜんぱん)' refers to the entirety or the overall scope of something. It is often used to describe a general or comprehensive view of a subject, situation, or field. For example: the overall situation「全般の状況」(ぜんぱんのじょうきょう). The overall trend in the market「市場の全般的な傾向」(しじょうのぜんぱんてきなけいこう). This term is commonly used in formal or technical contexts to discuss broad aspects rather than specific details.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6545

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Power, Electricity

Reading

Kanji

電Electricity 力Power

Explanation

The Japanese noun '電力 (でんりょく)' primarily refers to 'electricity' or 'electric power'. It is commonly used in contexts related to energy, such as electricity generation, consumption, or supply. For example: The electricity supply was cut off「電力の供給が止まった」(でんりょくのきょうきゅうがとまった). We need to save electricity「電力の節約が必要だ」(でんりょくのせつやくがひつようだ). In some cases, it can also refer to 'power' in a broader sense, such as the capacity or ability to perform work, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6546

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Magic

Reading

Kanji

魔Witch, Demon 法Law, Method

Explanation

The Japanese noun '魔法 (まほう)' means 'magic'. It refers to supernatural powers or abilities that can influence events, objects, or people in ways that defy natural laws. This word is commonly used in fantasy contexts, such as in stories, games, or folklore. For example: She used magic to heal the wound「彼女は魔法で傷を治した」(かのじょはまほうできずをなおした). The wizard cast a powerful spell「魔法使いは強力な魔法をかけた」(まほうつかいはきょうりょくなまほうをかけた). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that feels enchanting or extraordinary, like 'the magic of music'「音楽の魔法」(おんがくのまほう).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6547

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Land

Reading

Kanji

陸Land

Explanation

The Japanese noun '陸 (りく)' means 'land' and refers to the solid part of the Earth's surface, as opposed to water or air. It is often used in contexts contrasting land with sea or ocean. For example: The ship approached the land「船が陸に近づいた」(ふねがりくにちかづいた). They traveled from the sea to the land「彼らは海から陸へ移動した」(かれらはうみからりくへいどうした). This word is commonly used in geographical or navigational contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6548

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Aichi

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun 'アイチ (aichi)' refers to Aichi, a prefecture located in the Chūbu region of Japan. It is known for being home to the city of Nagoya, which is one of Japan's major economic hubs. Aichi is also famous for its manufacturing industry, particularly in automobile production, with companies like Toyota headquartered there. Example sentences: I live in Aichi「私はアイチに住んでいます」(わたしはあいちにすんでいます). Aichi is famous for its automotive industry「アイチは自動車産業で有名です」(あいちはじどうしゃさんぎょうでゆうめいです).

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Frequency

6549

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shikoku

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun 'シコク' refers to 'Shikoku', which is one of the four main islands of Japan. It is the smallest and least populous of the four, located to the south of Honshu and east of Kyushu. Shikoku is known for its natural beauty, including mountains, rivers, and the famous 88 Temple Pilgrimage. Example sentences: I visited Shikoku last summer「去年の夏にシコクを訪れました」(きょねんのなつにシコクをおとずれました). Shikoku is famous for its udon noodles「シコクはうどんで有名です」(シコクはうどんでゆうめいです).

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Frequency

6550

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Recruitment

Reading

Kanji

募Raise, Recruit 集Gather

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '募集 (ぼしゅう)' primarily means 'recruitment'. It is commonly used in contexts related to hiring, gathering participants, or collecting applications. For example: The company is recruiting new employees「会社は新しい従業員を募集している」(かいしゃはあたらしいじゅうぎょういんをぼしゅうしている). We are looking for volunteers「ボランティアを募集しています」(ぼらんてぃあをぼしゅうしています). The term can also be used in non-employment contexts, such as collecting ideas or entries for a contest. It is a formal term often seen in job postings, advertisements, or announcements.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6551

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Retirement

Reading

Kanji

退Retreat 職Employment

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '退職 (たいしょく)' refers to the act of retiring or resigning from a job or position. It is commonly used in professional or formal contexts to describe the process of leaving employment, often due to reaching retirement age or personal reasons. For example: He is planning his retirement「彼は退職を計画している」(かれはたいしょくをけいかくしている). She submitted her resignation letter「彼女は退職願を提出した」(かのじょはたいしょくねがいをていしゅつした). The term can also be used in phrases like '退職金 (たいしょくきん)', which means 'retirement bonus' or 'severance pay'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6552

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Expulsion, Withdrawal

Reading

Kanji

退Retreat 学Learn

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '退学 (たいがく)' refers to the act of leaving or being removed from an educational institution. It can mean either 'expulsion' (when a student is forced to leave due to disciplinary reasons) or 'withdrawal' (when a student voluntarily leaves). For example: He was expelled from school「彼は退学になった」(かれはたいがくになった). She decided to withdraw from university「彼女は大学を退学することにした」(かのじょはだいがくをたいがくすることにした). The context usually clarifies whether the action is voluntary or involuntary.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6553

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Boredom

Reading

Kanji

退Retreat 屈Crouch, Yield

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '退屈 (たいくつ)' means 'boredom'. It describes the state of being bored or feeling uninterested in one's current activity or situation. It can also be used to describe something that is dull or uninteresting. For example: I feel bored「退屈です」(たいくつです). This movie is boring「この映画は退屈だ」(このえいがはたいくつだ). The word can also function as a verb when combined with 'する', as in '退屈する (たいくつする)', meaning 'to feel bored'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6554

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Brat

Reading

Kanji

餓Starve 鬼Demon, Ogre

Explanation

The Japanese noun '餓鬼 (がき)' is a colloquial term often used to describe a mischievous or unruly child, similar to the English word 'brat'. It carries a slightly negative or playful tone, depending on the context. In Buddhist contexts, '餓鬼' refers to 'hungry ghosts', but in everyday usage, it is almost exclusively used to refer to children. Example sentences: That kid is such a brat「あの子は本当に餓鬼だ」(あのこはほんとうにがきだ). Don't act like a brat「餓鬼みたいなことをするな」(がきみたいなことをするな). Note that this term can be considered rude or offensive if used directly toward someone, so it is often used in a teasing or informal manner among friends or family.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6555

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Furniture

Reading

Kanji

家House 具Tool

Explanation

The Japanese noun '家具 (かぐ)' means 'furniture'. It refers to movable objects used to support various human activities such as seating, eating, and sleeping. This includes items like chairs, tables, beds, and cabinets. For example: I bought new furniture「新しい家具を買いました」(あたらしいかぐをかいました). The furniture in this room is expensive「この部屋の家具は高いです」(このへやのかぐはたかいです). The word is commonly used in contexts related to home decor, interior design, and shopping for household items.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6556

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Chronicle

Reading

Kanji

書Write 紀Chronicle, Era

Explanation

The Japanese noun '書紀 (しょき)' refers to a historical chronicle or record. It is often used in the context of ancient Japanese historical texts, such as the '日本書紀 (にほんしょき)' (Nihon Shoki), which is one of the oldest and most important historical records of Japan. The term can also be used more generally to refer to any historical chronicle. Example sentences: The Nihon Shoki is an ancient chronicle「日本書紀は古代の書紀です」(にほんしょきはこだいのしょきです). He is studying the chronicles of the Heian period「彼は平安時代の書紀を勉強しています」(かれはへいあんじだいのしょきをべんきょうしています).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6557

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Best friend

Reading

Kanji

親Parent 友Friend

Explanation

The Japanese noun '親友 (しんゆう)' means 'best friend'. It refers to a very close friend with whom one shares a deep bond of trust and affection. This term is often used to describe a lifelong friend or someone who is like family. For example: He is my best friend「彼は私の親友です」(かれはわたしのしんゆうです). We have been best friends since childhood「私たちは子供の頃から親友です」(わたしたちはこどものころからしんゆうです). The term emphasizes a strong, enduring friendship and is not used casually for acquaintances.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6558

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tsubo

Reading

Kanji

坪Tsubo, Two mat area

Explanation

The Japanese noun '坪 (つぼ)' refers to a traditional unit of area measurement in Japan, equivalent to approximately 3.3 square meters. It is commonly used in real estate and construction to describe the size of land or buildings. For example: this land is 100 tsubo「この土地は100坪です」(このとちはひゃくつぼです). The house has a garden of 30 tsubo「その家には30坪の庭があります」(そのいえにはさんじゅうつぼのにわがあります). The term 'tsubo' is deeply rooted in Japanese culture and is still widely used today, especially in contexts involving traditional architecture or land transactions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6559

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Excavation

Reading

Kanji

発Departure 掘Dig

Explanation

The Japanese noun '発掘 (はっくつ)' means 'excavation'. It refers to the act of digging up or uncovering something, often used in the context of archaeology or discovering hidden resources. For example: The excavation of ancient ruins「古代遺跡の発掘」(こだいいせきのはっくつ). They are excavating for oil「彼らは石油を発掘している」(かれらはせきゆをはっくつしている). This word can also be used metaphorically to describe uncovering hidden talents or information, such as: The discovery of a new talent「新しい才能の発掘」(あたらしいさいのうのはっくつ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6560

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pace

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ペース (peesu)' means 'pace'. It refers to the speed or rate at which something happens or progresses. This word is often used in contexts related to work, sports, or daily activities to describe the rhythm or tempo. For example: He is working at his own pace「彼は自分のペースで働いている」(かれはじぶんのペースではたらいている). The team maintained a steady pace「チームは一定のペースを保った」(チームはいっていのペースをたもった). The word is borrowed from English and is commonly used in modern Japanese.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

6561

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dance

Reading

Kanji

舞Dance

Explanation

The Japanese noun '舞 (まい)' refers to a traditional dance, often one that is formal or ceremonial in nature. This term is commonly used in the context of traditional Japanese performing arts, such as Noh or Kabuki theater. For example: she performed a beautiful dance「彼女は美しい舞を舞った」(かのじょはうつくしいまいをまった). The dance at the festival was mesmerizing「祭りの舞は魅惑的だった」(まつりのまいはみわくてきだった). It's important to note that '舞' can also be part of compound words, such as '舞踊 (ぶよう)' which means 'dance' in a more general sense.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6562

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Trunk

Reading

Kanji

幹Trunk, Main

Explanation

The Japanese noun '幹 (みき)' primarily refers to the trunk of a tree. It is used to describe the main structural part of a tree that supports the branches and leaves. This word can also be metaphorically used to describe the main or central part of something, such as an organization or a system. For example: The tree trunk is thick「木の幹が太い」(きのみきがふとい). He is the backbone of the company「彼は会社の幹だ」(かれはかいしゃのみきだ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6563

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Miserable

Reading

Kanji

惨Cruel, Wretched

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '惨め (みじめ)' means 'miserable'. It is used to describe a state of extreme unhappiness, suffering, or pitifulness. This word often conveys a sense of deep emotional distress or a situation that evokes pity. For example: I felt miserable after failing the exam「試験に落ちて惨めだった」(しけんにおちてみじめだった). He looked miserable after losing his job「仕事を失って惨めそうだった」(しごとをうしなってみじめそうだった). The word can also describe situations or conditions that are pitiful or wretched, such as 'a miserable life' (惨めな生活, みじめなせいかつ).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6564

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Addition

Reading

Kanji

追Follow 加Join, Add

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '追加 (ついか)' means 'addition'. It refers to the act of adding something extra to what already exists. This word is commonly used in various contexts, such as adding items to an order, adding information to a document, or adding features to a product. For example: I added more details to the report「レポートに詳細を追加しました」(レポートにしょうさいをついかしました). Can you add this to the list?「これをリストに追加できますか？」(これをリストについかできますか？). The word '追加' is often used in both formal and informal settings, making it versatile in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6565

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Contrast

Reading

Kanji

対Against 比Compare, Ratio

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '対比 (たいひ)' means 'contrast'. It refers to the act of comparing two or more things to highlight their differences or similarities. This term is often used in discussions, analyses, or descriptions where differences or comparisons are emphasized. For example: the contrast between light and dark「光と闇の対比」(ひかりとやみのたいひ). The contrast between old and new ideas「古い考えと新しい考えの対比」(ふるいかんがえとあたらしいかんがえのたいひ). It is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to draw attention to distinctions or comparisons.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6566

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Compare

Reading

Kanji

見See 比Compare, Ratio

Explanation

The Japanese verb '見比べる (みくらべる)' means 'to compare'. It is used when examining two or more things side by side to identify similarities or differences. This verb often implies a visual comparison, such as comparing images, objects, or written texts. For example: I compared the two paintings「二つの絵を見比べた」(ふたつのえをみくらべた). She compared the prices at different stores「彼女はいくつかの店の値段を見比べた」(かのじょはいくつかのみせのねだんをみくらべた). The verb can also be used metaphorically to compare abstract concepts or ideas.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6567

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Relatively

Reading

Kanji

比Compare, Ratio 較Compare, Contrast 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '比較的 (ひかくてき)' means 'relatively'. It is used to indicate that something is being compared to a standard or norm, suggesting that it is somewhat or moderately so in relation to that standard. It often carries a nuance of being more than expected or more than average, but not extremely so. For example: This problem is relatively easy「この問題は比較的簡単だ」(このもんだいはひかくてきかんたんだ). The weather today is relatively warm「今日の天気は比較的暖かい」(きょうのてんきはひかくてきあたたかい). It can be used in both positive and negative contexts, depending on the situation.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6568

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Comparison

Reading

Kanji

比Compare, Ratio 較Compare, Contrast

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '比較 (ひかく)' means 'comparison'. It is used to describe the act of comparing two or more things, often to highlight similarities or differences. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: Let's make a comparison between the two products「二つの製品を比較しましょう」(ふたつのせいひんをひかくしましょう). The comparison of these two methods is interesting「これらの二つの方法の比較は面白い」(これらのふたつのほうほうのひかくはおもしろい). It can also be used in compound words, such as '比較的 (ひかくてき)' meaning 'comparatively' or 'relatively'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6569

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Suddenly

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'ぱっと' describes an action that occurs suddenly, quickly, or in a flash. It often conveys a sense of immediacy or abruptness. It can also imply something happening vividly or standing out clearly. For example: The light turned on suddenly「ぱっと明かりがついた」(ぱっとあかりがついた). The idea came to me suddenly「ぱっとアイデアが浮かんだ」(ぱっとあいでぁがうかんだ). Additionally, 'ぱっと' can describe something that stands out or is noticeable, as in: Her dress stood out vividly「彼女のドレスはぱっと目立った」(かのじょのどれすはぱっとめだった).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

6570

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Empty, Futile

Reading

Kanji

空Sky, Empty

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '空しい (むなしい)' can mean 'empty' or 'futile', depending on the context. When used to describe something as 'empty', it often refers to a lack of substance or meaning, such as an empty promise or an empty feeling. For example: His words felt empty「彼の言葉は空しかった」(かれのことばはむなしかった). When used to mean 'futile', it describes something that is pointless or without result. For example: All efforts were futile「全ての努力は空しかった」(すべてのどりょくはむなしかった). The nuance of this word often carries a sense of disappointment or sadness, emphasizing the lack of fulfillment or purpose.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6571

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Curiosity

Reading

Kanji

好Like, Fond 奇Strange, Unusual

Explanation

The Japanese noun '好奇 (こうき)' means 'curiosity'. It refers to a strong desire to know or learn something, often about things that are unusual, mysterious, or unfamiliar. This word is commonly used in contexts where someone is intrigued or fascinated by something. For example: His curiosity was piqued by the strange object「彼の好奇はその奇妙な物にそそられた」(かれのこうきはそのきみょうなものにそそられた). Curiosity drives scientific discovery「好奇は科学の発見を駆り立てる」(こうきはかがくのはっけんをかりたてる). The word can also imply a sense of inquisitiveness or a thirst for knowledge.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6572

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sleeve

Reading

Kanji

袖Sleeve

Explanation

The Japanese noun '袖 (そで)' refers to the 'sleeve' of a piece of clothing. It is commonly used to describe the part of a garment that covers the arm. This word can also appear in idiomatic expressions or phrases, such as '袖を引く (そでをひく)', which means 'to tug at someone's sleeve' (often to get their attention). Example sentences: She rolled up her sleeves「彼女は袖をまくった」(かのじょはそでをまくった). The sleeves of this shirt are too long「このシャツの袖は長すぎる」(このシャツのそではながすぎる).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6573

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Superiority

Reading

Kanji

優Superior, Gentle 位Rank

Explanation

The Japanese noun '優位 (ゆうい)' means 'superiority' or 'advantage'. It is used to describe a state where one side or entity is in a better or more dominant position compared to another. This term is often used in competitive contexts, such as sports, business, or debates. For example: Our team has the advantage「私たちのチームが優位にある」(わたしたちのチームがゆういにある). The company maintained its superiority in the market「その会社は市場で優位を保った」(そのかいしゃはしじょうでゆういをたもった). The word can also be used in abstract contexts, such as moral or intellectual superiority.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6574

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Depend

Reading

Kanji

甘Sweet

Explanation

The Japanese verb '甘える (あまえる)' means 'to depend on' or 'to take advantage of someone's kindness'. It often carries a nuance of seeking affection, indulgence, or special treatment, typically from someone close, like a parent, partner, or friend. It can be used in both positive and negative contexts, depending on the situation. For example: she depends on her mother「彼女は母親に甘える」(かのじょはははおやにあまえる). He took advantage of my kindness「彼は私の優しさに甘えた」(かれはわたしのやさしさにあまえた). The verb is commonly used to describe behavior that seeks emotional or practical support, often in a way that might be seen as childish or endearing.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6575

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Force

Reading

Kanji

強Strong

Explanation

The Japanese verb '強いる (しいる)' means 'to force' or 'to compel'. It is used when someone is made to do something against their will or when a situation imposes a burden or obligation. This verb often carries a nuance of coercion or pressure. For example: He forced me to work overtime「彼は私に残業を強いた」(かれはわたしにざんぎょうをしいた). The circumstances forced her to make a difficult decision「状況が彼女に難しい決断を強いた」(じょうきょうがかのじょにむずかしいけつだんをしいた). Note that this verb is transitive and typically requires an object to indicate what is being forced.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6576

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Seal

Reading

Kanji

判Judge, Stamp 子Child

Explanation

The Japanese noun '判子 (はんこ)' refers to a personal or official seal used in Japan for signing documents, contracts, or other formal paperwork. It is a stamp typically made of wood, plastic, or stone, engraved with a person's name or a company's name in kanji. The use of a '判子' is deeply rooted in Japanese culture and is often required for legal and administrative purposes. For example: I need to stamp the document with my seal「書類に判子を押す必要があります」(しょるいにはんこをおすひつようがあります). This is my personal seal「これは私の判子です」(これはわたしのはんこです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6577

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Review, Criticism

Reading

Kanji

批Criticize 評Evaluate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '批評 (ひひょう)' can mean both 'criticism' and 'review'. It refers to the act of evaluating or analyzing something, often in a formal or detailed manner. This word is commonly used in contexts such as literary criticism, art reviews, or critiques of performances. For example: His criticism was harsh「彼の批評は厳しかった」(かれのひひょうはきびしかった). I read a review of the movie「その映画の批評を読んだ」(そのえいがのひひょうをよんだ). Note that while 'criticism' can sometimes carry a negative connotation, '批評' is generally neutral and focuses on analysis rather than judgment.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6578

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Antipathy

Reading

Kanji

反Anti 感Feeling, Sensation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '反感 (はんかん)' refers to a feeling of strong dislike, opposition, or hostility towards someone or something. It is often used to describe a negative emotional reaction, such as resentment or aversion, that arises in response to a person, idea, or situation. For example: He felt antipathy towards the new policy「彼は新しい政策に反感を持っていた」(かれはあたらしいせいさくにはんかんをもっていた). Her words caused widespread antipathy among the audience「彼女の言葉は聴衆の間に広い反感を引き起こした」(かのじょのことばはちょうしゅうのあいだにひろいはんかんをひきおこした). This term is commonly used in both personal and social contexts to express disapproval or opposition.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6579

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Expectation, Prediction

Reading

Kanji

予Beforehand 想Concept

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '予想 (よそう)' can mean either 'prediction' or 'expectation', depending on the context. It refers to an act of foreseeing or anticipating something that might happen in the future. For example: His prediction was correct「彼の予想は正しかった」(かれのよそうはただしかった). We had high expectations for the event「私たちはそのイベントに高い予想をしていた」(わたしたちはそのイベントにたかいよそうをしていた). It is often used in contexts involving forecasts, such as weather predictions or market trends. The nuance can shift slightly depending on whether the focus is on a calculated guess (prediction) or a hopeful anticipation (expectation).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6580

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Conception, Imagination

Reading

Kanji

想Concept 像Image, Statue

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '想像 (そうぞう)' primarily means 'imagination' or 'conception'. It refers to the ability to form mental images or ideas of things not present to the senses or not previously known or experienced. It is often used in contexts discussing creativity, planning, or hypothesizing about future events or scenarios. For example: His imagination is boundless「彼の想像は無限だ」(かれのそうぞうはむげんだ). It's hard to conceive of such a situation「そんな状況を想像するのは難しい」(そんなじょうきょうをそうぞうするのはむずかしい). This word is commonly used in both everyday conversation and formal writing, highlighting its versatility in describing both creative and speculative thought processes.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6581

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Foreign

Reading

Kanji

外Outside 来Come

Explanation

The Japanese noun '外来 (がいらい)' primarily means 'foreign' or 'from outside'. It is often used in contexts related to things or concepts that originate from outside Japan or a specific system. For example, it is commonly used in medical contexts to refer to 'outpatient care' or 'external patients', as in '外来患者 (がいらいかんじゃ)' (outpatient). Another example is '外来語 (がいらいご)', which refers to 'loanwords' or words borrowed from foreign languages. Example sentences: This hospital has an outpatient department「この病院には外来がある」(このびょういんにはがいらいがある). Loanwords are common in Japanese「日本語には外来語が多い」(にほんごにはがいらいごがおおい).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6582

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hair

Reading

Kanji

髪Hair 毛Fur

Explanation

The Japanese noun '髪の毛 (かみのけ)' refers to 'hair' on the head. It is specifically used to describe the strands of hair growing from the scalp. This term is commonly used in everyday conversation and can refer to both human and animal hair. For example: Her hair is long「彼女の髪の毛は長い」(かのじょのかみのけはながい). I washed my hair「髪の毛を洗った」(かみのけをあらった). The term is neutral and can be used in various contexts, such as describing hair length, texture, or condition.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6583

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Desire

Reading

Kanji

願Request, Wish 望Hope, Ambition

Explanation

The Japanese noun '願望 (がんぼう)' means 'desire' or 'wish'. It refers to a strong feeling of wanting something or wishing for something to happen. This word is often used in formal or literary contexts to express deep aspirations or longings. For example: His desire for success is strong「彼の成功への願望は強い」(かれのせいこうへのがんぼうはつよい). She has a wish to travel the world「彼女は世界を旅したいという願望がある」(かのじょはせかいをたびしたいというがんぼうがある). The word can also be used in psychological contexts to describe subconscious desires or aspirations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6584

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Japan, Residing

Reading

Kanji

在Be, Exist 日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '在日 (ざいにち)' refers to someone or something that is residing or staying in Japan, often used to describe foreign nationals or entities present in the country. It can also refer to the state of being in Japan. For example: He is residing in Japan「彼は在日です」(かれはざいにちです). The company has a branch in Japan「その会社は在日に支店がある」(そのかいしゃはざいにちにしてんがある). The term is commonly used in contexts discussing foreign residents or businesses operating within Japan.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6585

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Directions

Reading

Kanji

四Four 方Direction

Explanation

The Japanese noun '四方 (しほう)' refers to the four cardinal directions: north, south, east, and west. It is often used to describe the concept of all directions or the surrounding area. For example: He looked in all directions「彼は四方を見回した」(かれはしほうをみまわした). The wind blows from all directions「風が四方から吹く」(かぜがしほうからふく). This term can also be used metaphorically to indicate a comprehensive or all-encompassing view, as in 'considering all aspects'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6586

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shield

Reading

Kanji

盾Shield

Explanation

The Japanese noun '盾 (たて)' means 'shield'. This word refers to a piece of armor held in the hand or on the arm to protect against attacks. It can also be used metaphorically to describe something that provides protection or defense. For example: He raised his shield to block the attack「彼は盾を上げて攻撃を防いだ」(かれはたてをあげてこうげきをふせいだ). The law acts as a shield for citizens「法律は市民の盾となる」(ほうりつはしみんのたてとなる). In historical or fantasy contexts, '盾' is often associated with knights or warriors.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6587

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sheep

Reading

Kanji

羊Sheep

Explanation

The Japanese noun '羊 (ひつじ)' refers to the animal 'sheep'. This word is commonly used in contexts related to animals, farming, or even in idiomatic expressions. For example: The sheep is white「羊は白い」(ひつじはしろい). I saw a sheep in the field「畑で羊を見た」(はたけでひつじをみた). In Japanese culture, sheep are not as commonly referenced as in Western cultures, but they do appear in literature and art. The word can also be used metaphorically to describe someone who is meek or follows others without question, similar to the English idiom 'like a sheep'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6588

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Scatter

Reading

Kanji

散Scatter

Explanation

The Japanese verb '散る (ちる)' primarily means 'to scatter' or 'to fall and disperse'. It is often used to describe things like petals, leaves, or snow falling and spreading out. For example: cherry blossoms scatter「桜の花が散る」(さくらのはながちる). The snow is scattering「雪が散っている」(ゆきがちっている). This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe things like emotions or attention dispersing. For instance: my concentration scattered「集中力が散った」(しゅうちゅうりょくがちった).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6589

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bend

Reading

Kanji

曲Music, Bend

Explanation

The Japanese verb '曲げる (まげる)' means 'to bend'. It is used to describe the action of physically bending something, such as a piece of metal or a limb, or metaphorically bending rules or principles. For example: bend the wire「針金を曲げる」(はりがねをまげる). He bent the rules to help his friend「彼は友達を助けるためにルールを曲げた」(かれはともだちをたすけるためにルールをまげた). The verb can also imply a sense of distortion or alteration, as in bending the truth '真実を曲げる (しんじつをまげる)'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6590

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Abstract

Reading

Kanji

抽Pluck, Extract 象Elephant, Phenomenon 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '抽象的 (ちゅうしょうてき)' means 'abstract'. It is used to describe concepts, ideas, or art that are not concrete or tangible, often requiring interpretation or imagination. For example: His explanation was too abstract「彼の説明は抽象的すぎた」(かれのせつめいはちゅうしょうてきすぎた). Modern art is often abstract「現代美術は抽象的であることが多い」(げんだいびじゅつはちゅうしょうてきであることがおおい). This word is commonly used in discussions about philosophy, art, or complex ideas.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6591

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Security, Guarantee

Reading

Kanji

保Preserve 障Hinder, Hurt

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '保障 (ほしょう)' primarily means 'guarantee' or 'security'. It refers to a promise or assurance that something will be provided or maintained, often in legal, financial, or social contexts. For example: The company provides a guarantee for its products「会社は製品に保障を提供します」(かいしゃはせいひんにほしょうをていきょうします). Social security is important for citizens「社会保障は市民にとって重要です」(しゃかいほしょうはしみんにとってじゅうようです). The word can also imply protection or assurance against risks, such as in insurance policies or contractual agreements.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6592

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Perhaps

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'ひょっとしたら' (hyottoshitara) means 'perhaps' or 'maybe'. It is used to express a possibility or uncertainty about something. This word is often used in casual conversation and carries a sense of speculation or conjecture. For example: Perhaps it will rain tomorrow「ひょっとしたら明日は雨が降るかもしれない」(ひょっとしたらあしたはあめがふるかもしれない). Maybe he forgot about the meeting「ひょっとしたら彼は会議のことを忘れたのかもしれない」(ひょっとしたらかれはかいぎのことをわすれたのかもしれない). It is important to note that 'ひょっとしたら' is often followed by 'かもしれない' (kamoshirenai) to emphasize the uncertainty.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

6593

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Injury

Reading

Kanji

負Defeat 傷Wound, Injury

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '負傷 (ふしょう)' refers to an injury, typically physical, that someone sustains. It is often used in formal or medical contexts to describe wounds or harm to the body. For example: he suffered a serious injury「彼は重い負傷を負った」(かれはおもいふしょうをおった). The accident caused many injuries「その事故で多くの負傷者が出た」(そのじこでおおくのふしょうしゃがでた). Note that '負傷' is more formal than casual terms like 'けが (kega)' and is commonly used in news reports or official statements.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6594

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Conversion, Transformation

Reading

Kanji

変Change, Abnormal 換Exchange

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '変換 (へんかん)' primarily means 'conversion' or 'transformation'. It is used to describe the process of changing something from one form, state, or system to another. This term is commonly used in various contexts, such as technology, language, and everyday life. For example: converting a file format「ファイルを変換する」(ファイルをへんかんする). Transforming energy into electricity「エネルギーを電気に変換する」(エネルギーをでんきにへんかんする). The word can also be used metaphorically, such as transforming one's mindset「考え方を変換する」(かんがえかたをへんかんする). Note that while 'conversion' and 'transformation' are closely related, they are distinct enough to warrant separate meanings in this context.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6595

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Replace, Exchange

Reading

Kanji

取Take 替Replace, Exchange

Explanation

The Japanese verb '取り替える (とりかえる)' means 'to replace' or 'to exchange'. It is used when swapping one thing for another, often because the original item is broken, outdated, or no longer suitable. For example: I replaced the old light bulb「古い電球を取り替えた」(ふるいでんきゅうをとりかえた). They exchanged gifts at the party「パーティーでプレゼントを取り替えた」(パーティーでプレゼントをとりかえた). This verb can also imply a mutual exchange, such as trading items or ideas. Note that '取り替える' is often used in contexts involving physical objects but can also apply to abstract concepts like roles or responsibilities.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6596

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pay for

Reading

Kanji

立Stand 替Replace, Exchange

Explanation

The Japanese verb '立て替える (たてかえる)' means 'to pay for someone else temporarily'. It is used when someone covers a cost on behalf of another person, with the expectation of being reimbursed later. This verb is commonly used in situations like splitting bills, lending money, or covering expenses. For example: I paid for his meal「彼の食事代を立て替えた」(かれのしょくじだいをたてかえた). Can you pay for me this time?「今度立て替えてもらえる？」(こんどたてかえてもらえる？). The verb implies a temporary arrangement and is often followed by discussions about repayment.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6597

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Harmful

Reading

Kanji

有Exist 害Harm

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '有害 (ゆうがい)' means 'harmful'. It is used to describe something that has a detrimental or damaging effect. This term is often used in contexts related to health, environment, or substances. For example: Smoking is harmful to health「喫煙は健康に有害です」(きつえんはけんこうにゆうがいです). This chemical is harmful to the environment「この化学物質は環境に有害です」(このかがくぶっしつはかんきょうにゆうがいです). The word can also be used in a broader sense to describe anything that is detrimental, such as harmful information「有害な情報」(ゆうがいなじょうほう).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6598

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Automatically

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'ひとりでに (hitorideni)' means 'automatically' or 'by itself'. It is used to describe something that happens without any external intervention or effort. This word often conveys a sense of natural or spontaneous occurrence. For example: the door closed automatically「ドアがひとりでに閉まった」(ドアがひとりでにしまった). The problem resolved itself「問題がひとりでに解決した」(もんだいがひとりでにかいけつした). Note that 'ひとりでに' is often used in contexts where the action or event happens without any deliberate action from a person.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

6599

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Early modern

Reading

Kanji

近Near 世World, Generation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '近世 (きんせい)' refers to the 'early modern' period in Japanese history, typically spanning from the late 16th century to the mid-19th century. This period includes the Edo period (1603-1868), characterized by the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and significant cultural, economic, and social developments. The term is often used in historical contexts to describe this era. For example: The early modern period was a time of peace「近世は平和な時代だった」(きんせいはいわなじだいだった). Many cultural traditions originated in the early modern period「多くの文化伝統は近世に始まった」(おおくのぶんかでんとうはきんせいにはじまった).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6600

Composition

kanji

Handwriting